Rotor of a permanently excited synchronous machine comprising magnetic pockets of a pole that are in particular trough-shaped

Abstract

The invention relates to a rotor (9) of a rotary permanently excited synchronous machine (1) comprising embedded permanent magnets (14) of a pole (19) which, when viewed from the direction of the outer diameter (18) of the rotor (9), are arranged in a convex or trough-shaped manner and are positioned within substantially axially extending recesses (13) of a laminated core (11) of the rotor (9), wherein each recess (13) has a pocket (36) for accommodating one or more permanent magnets (14), wherein flux barriers (34) are located at the opposite ends of the pockets (36) of each recess (13), wherein, on the side of the recesses (13) of a pole (19) that faces an outer diameter (18) of the rotor (9), means for enhancing counterfield stability are at least partially provided in the region between the pocket (36) and the flux barrier (34), wherein, in order to enhance counterfield stability, ribs (21) and recesses (13) are designed in such a way that counterfield stability is also ensured in the central region of the pockets (36), by satisfying the following conditions: D1 ≥ 2xD0 and D2 ≥ 0.7xD0.

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Rotor of a permanent magnet synchronous machine with in particular trough-shaped magnetic pockets of one pole

[0003] The invention relates to a rotor of a permanent magnet synchronous machine and a permanent magnet synchronous machine, as well as to their use.

[0004] Permanent-magnet synchronous machines are generally designed to withstand faults such as a surge short circuit and / or a predefined maximum current in the stator winding system of the permanent-magnet synchronous machine without significant irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnets. Such an operating condition places high demands on the electromagnetic design of the permanent-magnet synchronous machine, the magnetic materials used, and their arrangement in the rotor.

[0005] Particularly vulnerable are exposed areas of the permanent magnets, such as the corners, because they are subjected to particularly strong opposing fields when subjected to opposing fields. These are the first areas to experience irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnets.

[0006] In permanent-magnet synchronous machines with buried permanent magnets, the permanent magnets are inserted axially into pockets provided in the rotor. The permanent magnets are typically positioned within the pockets using "positioning bars."

[0007] In known machine designs, these webs are located on the shaft side of the magnetic pocket, as can also be seen from US 9 531 226 B2 and US 2018 / 0248427 Al.

[0008] The counter-field stability of the machine can usually also be achieved by using magnet qualities with high HcJ (coercive field strength of the permanent magnet) and / or by using thicker magnets.

[0009] However, these higher quality magnets and / or the higher material usage in the rotor increase the costs of such a permanent magnet synchronous machine.

[0010] Based on this, the object of the invention is to create a rotor of a permanent magnet synchronous machine with improved counter-field stability in order to be able to guarantee reliable operation, especially in industrial applications, especially under exceptional operating conditions.

[0011] The stated problem is solved by the features of the independent claims. Further advantageous embodiments can be found in the dependent claims.

[0012] Such a rotor according to the invention of a rotary permanent magnet synchronous machine has buried permanent magnets of one pole, which are arranged in a convex / trough-shaped manner when viewed from the direction of the outer diameter or surface of the rotor and which are arranged in essentially axially extending recesses of a magnetically conductive body, in particular an axially layered laminated core of the rotor, wherein the poles, viewed in the circumferential direction on the rotor, form alternating d-axes and q-axes, i.e. have different magnetic preferred directions, wherein each recess has a pocket for receiving one or more permanent magnets, wherein flux barriers are located at the opposite ends of the pockets of the respective recess - essentially perpendicular to a magnetization direction of the permanent magnet positioned there,wherein on the side of the recesses of a pole facing an outer diameter of the rotor, in the area between the pocket and the flux barrier, means for increasing opposing field stability are provided at least in sections, wherein the means for increasing opposing field stability are arranged as webs at the ends of the pockets and thereby contribute to the positioning of the permanent magnets in the pockets, wherein the webs form the pockets for receiving the permanent magnets at least in sections, wherein the webs are designed such that they perform a protective function for the permanent magnet, in particular in the event of a fault and / or operating state with a high current load, e.g. a surge short circuit, wherein the recess is designed such that the opposing field stability is also ensured for the permanent magnet(s) or their areas in the central area of ​​the pockets,by the smallest distance between the pocket of the pole in the area of ​​the d-axis or on the d-axis and the outer diameter or surface of the rotor being greater than or equal to 2 times the radial thickness of the pocket at this point, and the smallest distance between a radially outer corner of the pocket of the pole and the outer diameter / surface of the rotor being greater than or equal to 0.7 times the radial thickness of the pocket, i.e. Dl > 2xD0 and D2 > 0.7xD0.

[0013] A permanent magnet synchronous machine equipped with a rotor according to the invention has extremely reliable operation due to the high counter field stability and is therefore particularly well suited for applications such as conveyor systems, compressors, fans, pumps or traction drives.

[0014] The improved counter-field stability of the rotor is achieved according to the invention by the webs and, above all, by the permanent magnets arranged relatively deep radially in the rotor core. This arrangement of the webs on the air-gap side of the pocket(s) and the targeted placement of the permanent magnets of one pole relatively deep in the rotor significantly increases the counter-field stability of this rotor during operation of a permanent-magnet synchronous machine.

[0015] These permanent magnets are arranged for each pole - viewed from the surface / outer diameter of the rotor - concavely or in a trough-shaped manner within the rotor.

[0016] Each pole has at least one permanent magnet in a pocket. The pocket is part of a recess, with the sections not occupied by the permanent magnet(s) within the recesses preferably being designed as flux barriers. In particular, the respective permanent magnets are cuboid-shaped and are located in a pocket.

[0017] These flux barriers consist of either air or non-magnetic material. The flux barriers in the poles or at the ends of the rotor pockets are necessary to prevent magnetic short circuits between the permanent magnets in the area of ​​the respective poles.

[0018] In the area between the flux barriers and the pockets, webs are provided which are arranged on the side of the recess facing an outer diameter of the rotor.

[0019] The webs at the ends of the pockets in the area of ​​the flux barriers conduct opposing fields around the corners of the permanent magnets positioned in the rotor's laminated core, resulting in a significantly more homogeneous load on the permanent magnets, for example in the event of a fault. Strong field excesses at these corners of the permanent magnets are thus noticeably reduced. This alone increases the permissible fault current in the winding system of the permanent-magnet synchronous machine by up to 15%. The inventive, comparatively radially deep arrangement of the permanent magnets in the rotor's laminated core avoids or at least reduces the parasitic influence of magnetic saturation of the rotor.

[0020] While a permanent magnet located closer to the air gap or outer diameter of the rotor experiences a comparatively strong load in its center, the permanent magnets located radially lower are now only moderately loaded.

[0021] According to the invention, the permanent magnet arranged radially deeper in the laminated core of the rotor enables a significantly lower saturation level in the rotor radially above the permanent magnet, between the pocket and the air gap of the dynamoelectric machine.

[0022] With a permanent magnet positioned relatively high—that is, closer to the outer circumference of the rotor—a very high saturation occurs. Opposing fields are forced toward the center of the permanent magnet, causing high stress there.

[0023] The positioning of the webs ensures optimal performance, whether as a positioning aid or for magnetic relief, while simultaneously increasing the opposing field load on the permanent magnet due to saturation effects. This creates a consistently homogeneous load on the permanent magnet(s) in a recess, which ultimately leads to lower load on the permanent magnet(s), especially in the corners and central area of ​​a pocket.

[0024] According to independent claim 1, these relationships can also be summarized as follows:

[0025] Dl 2xD0 and D2 0 , 7xD0 Where :

[0026] DO = radial or quasi-radial thickness of the pocket of the permanent magnet,

[0027] Dl = smallest distance between the center of the middle pocket of the permanent magnet and the outer diameter of the rotor (with an odd number of recesses per pole) or smallest distance between the outer, inner (side facing the d-axis) corner of the pocket of the permanent magnet and the outer diameter of the rotor, D2 = smallest distance between the outer corner of the pocket (corner facing the q-axis, air gap side) of the permanent magnet and the outer diameter of the rotor.

[0028] A sheet metal design of a pole has proven particularly advantageous , which has the following relationships :

[0029] Dl >= 3xD0 and D2 >= 1xD0

[0030] The inventive geometry of the pockets and the recesses, in particular the flux barriers, allows magnet volume (thickness) to be saved in the rotor design depending on the design objective and / or opens up the possibility of using lower magnet qualities or more cost-effective permanent magnets without having to compromise on the performance of a permanent magnet synchronous machine.

[0031] Depending on the design, it is even possible, for example in the magnetic material, to dispense with heavy rare earths - or in extreme cases, with rare earths altogether - for the permanent magnets.

[0032] Heavy rare earths include, for example, terbium and dysprosium. Light rare earths include, for example, neodymium (for NdFeB permanent magnets).

[0033] The means for counter-field stability on the side of the recesses facing the outer circumference of the rotor in the area between flux barriers and pockets are effective in addition to the "deep" positioning of the permanent magnets. There, the demagnetizing field, which may be generated by a surge short-circuit current in a winding system of a stator, normally has a particularly negative effect. This can be further reduced by these means, which are designed in particular as holding elements or webs.

[0034] Such a counter-field can arise, for example, from a surge short-circuit current, other load conditions of the permanent magnet synchronous machine, high overload torques, current errors from the converter and various short-circuit faults in the winding system.

[0035] Advantageously, these webs or retaining elements are part of the rotor's dynamo sheet and are formed integrally with it. This is ensured, for example, by a stamping process. The dimensions of the webs are designed such that they can continue to perform their protective function for the permanent magnet, for example, in the event of a surge short-circuit current and the resulting demagnetizing field, and the resulting saturation of the webs.

[0036] In other words, the protective function for the permanent magnet(s) of a pole is performed regardless of whether the bar or the holding element reaches saturation. The protective function of the bars may be somewhat reduced with increasing saturation.

[0037] These holding elements, in particular these webs, are designed in such a way that they have an extension in the tangential direction as well as an extension in the radial or quasi-radial direction. In the radial or quasi-radial direction, the extension will extend up to a maximum of half the magnetic thickness of the adjacent permanent magnet in order to avoid generating a magnetic short circuit between the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet. In the tangential direction of the recess, the dimensioning of the holding element or web will be based, among other things, on the saturation of the material of the dynamo laminations of the rotor lamination stack.

[0038] In any case, the protective function for the permanent magnet should be ensured by the holding elements, in particular webs and the comparatively "deep" arrangement of the permanent magnets in the laminated core of the rotor.

[0039] The arrangement of webs, particularly on the air-gap side of the pocket(s) of a pole, significantly increases the rotor's opposing field stability. The webs guide the opposing fields around the corners of the permanent magnet, so to speak, and thus result in a much more homogeneous load on the permanent magnet in the event of a fault. The strong field peaks at the corners of the permanent magnet are noticeably reduced according to the invention. For example, the permissible fault current in the stator winding system can be increased by 15% compared to previous designs of the recesses in a pocket for the permanent magnets of a rotor.

[0040] In addition, the webs also take over the positioning function of the permanent magnets in the respective recesses of a pole.

[0041] In a further design, the webs or holding elements on the pockets are not always located on both sides of each lamination, but can also be arranged in a predefined alternating manner over the axial length of the rotor. This alternating arrangement of the holding elements is also sufficient for positioning tasks since, for example, one permanent magnet extends over the axial length of twenty laminations, so that the holding elements can also be present alternately on only every fifth lamination or pocket. The decisive factor for the number of holding elements is whether the opposing field stability is still provided to the required extent due to the limited number of holding elements. The radially "deep" position of the permanent magnets naturally remains unchanged.

[0042] The rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous machine has an even number of poles (two-, four-, six-, eight- or higher-pole versions), each pole having at least one substantially concave or trough-shaped recess which runs in the axial direction or, in the case of skewed rotors, correspondingly obliquely.

[0043] A pole of a rotor according to the invention thus has, as viewed from the surface of the rotor, at least one substantially concave or trough-shaped recess. The recess is thus curved. The permanent magnet is also similarly curved.

[0044] A concave or trough-shaped pole arrangement can also be created with several correspondingly arranged and designed recesses. This arrangement is particularly suitable for cuboid-shaped permanent magnets. Each recess has a pocket and flux barriers, and optionally, webs.

[0045] In one embodiment, the flux barriers located at the end of the pocket in the tangential extension are arranged symmetrically to a radial bisector of the pole, i.e., the d-axis. With an odd number of recesses per pole, this d-axis runs through the central recess. With an even number of recesses per pole, this d-axis runs through a sheet metal web between the central recesses.

[0046] Each rotor pole recess has at least one permanent magnet in its pocket. Depending on the axial length of the rotor and / or the shaft height and / or the dimensions of the pocket, several permanent magnets can be inserted into one recess. These can be glued together and inserted into the recess beforehand. This advantageously reduces magnetic losses, particularly eddy current losses in the permanent magnet, which increases the efficiency of the permanent-magnet synchronous machine.

[0047] A pole may also have several layers of recesses to further increase the flux concentration in the air gap during operation of the permanent magnet synchronous machine.

[0048] Each pole, if it has several permanent magnets, can also have permanent magnets of different quality and material properties in order to design the air gap field accordingly.

[0049] A skew and / or staggering of the rotor or its poles, viewed along the axial length of the rotor, can still be achieved. This reduces, among other things, the cogging torque of the permanent-magnet synchronous motor.

[0050] Applications for such rotors in permanent-magnet synchronous machines are primarily intended for industrial applications, such as pumps, fans, compressors, roller tables, and conveyor systems, which have a very long continuous operating life. Their use in traction drives such as mining vehicles, electric buses, trams, or trains is also conceivable.

[0051] The invention and further advantageous embodiments of the invention were explained in more detail using schematically illustrated embodiments, in which:

[0052] FIG 1 shows a basic longitudinal section of a dynamo-electric machine,

[0053] FIGS 2 and 3 show detailed views of a cross-section of a rotor of a dynamoelectric machine,

[0054] FIG 4 shows a further detailed view of a cross-section of a rotor of a dynamoelectric machine. It should be noted that terms such as "axial", "radial", "tangential", etc. refer to the axis 6 used in the respective figure or in the respective example described. In other words, the directions axial, radial, and tangential always refer to an axis of rotation of a rotor 9 and thus to the corresponding axis of symmetry of a stator 8. "Axial" describes a direction parallel to axis 6, "radial" describes a direction orthogonal to axis 6, toward or away from it, and "tangential" is a direction that is directed circularly around the axis at a constant radial distance from axis 6 and at a constant axial position. The term "in the circumferential direction" is essentially synonymous with "tangential".

[0055] With reference to a surface, for example a cross-sectional area, the terms "axial", "radial", "tangential" etc. describe the orientation of the normal vector of the surface, i.e. the vector that is perpendicular to the surface in question.

[0056] The term "adjacent" in connection with components, e.g. with coils or stator teeth, is intended to express that in the case of "adjacent components" there is in particular no further component of this type between these two components, but at most an empty space or, if applicable, a different type of component.

[0057] The term "coaxial components", e.g. coaxial components such as rotor 9 and stator 8, is understood here to mean components that have the same normal vectors, i.e. for which the planes defined by the coaxial components are parallel to one another. Furthermore, the expression should include that the centers of coaxial components lie on the same axis of rotation or symmetry. However, these centers can possibly lie at different axial positions on this axis 6 and the said planes can therefore have a distance >0 from one another. The expression does not necessarily require that coaxial components have the same radius.

[0058] The term "complementary" in the context of two components which are "complementary" to one another means that their external shapes are designed in such a way that one (partial) component can preferably be arranged completely within the (partial) component which is complementary to it, so that the inner surface of one component, for example a long side 37 of a pocket 36, and the outer surface of the other component, for example a permanent magnet 14, ideally touch one another without gaps or over their entire surface. Consequently, in the case of two objects which are complementary to one another, the external shape of one object is determined by the external shape of the other object. The term "complementary" could be replaced by the term "inverse".However, it is not fundamentally impossible that there is a space between two complementary shapes which is at least partially occupied, for example, by air or adhesive or casting compound.

[0059] For the sake of clarity, in some cases where components are present multiple times, not all of the components shown are provided with reference symbols.

[0060] The individual features of the embodiments already described and those which follow can also be combined in almost any other way without departing from the subject matter of the invention.

[0061] FIG. 1 shows a basic longitudinal section of a dynamoelectric machine 1, in particular a permanent-magnet synchronous machine, with a stator 8 and a rotor 9, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a shaft 5 via a torque transmission arrangement, such as a key or other device. The stator 8 has a winding system 7 in slots 16 (not shown in detail) of a laminated core 10, which forms winding heads on the end faces of the laminated core 10.

[0062] In this winding system 7, e.g., as a tooth-wound coil winding, two different sides of adjacent tooth-wound coils are provided per slot 16. The invention can also be used with other winding systems of the stator 8 besides tooth-wound coil windings, such as distributed windings, e.g., single-layer full-hole windings, two-layer full-hole windings (tendoned), and generally with two-layer fractional-hole windings. Likewise, the wire shapes used (round and flat wire windings as well as stranded conductors) are virtually unlimited.

[0063] In this embodiment, the rotor 9 has buried permanent magnets 14, in particular cuboid-shaped permanent magnets 14, which are arranged in substantially axially extending recesses 13 of a laminated core 11 of the rotor 9. Permanent magnets 14 that are not arranged on the outer surface of the rotor 9 are considered buried permanent magnets 14.

[0064] Viewed in cross-section, the rotor 9 has circumferentially arranged poles 19. Each pole 19 has at least one recess 13 in which a permanent magnet 14 is arranged. The recesses 14 are arranged in a concave or trough-shaped manner, as viewed from the air gap side 25, i.e., the surface of the rotor 9.

[0065] In other words : the curvature of the outer diameter of the rotor 9 and the curvature of the recesses 13 of the poles 19 are opposite .

[0066] In one embodiment, the recess 13 is curved. The permanent magnet 14 is also similarly curved. A concave or trough-shaped arrangement of a pole 19 can also be created with several correspondingly arranged and designed recesses 13. This arrangement is particularly suitable for cuboid-shaped permanent magnets 14. Each recess 13 has a pocket 36 and flux barriers 34 and, optionally, webs 21.

[0067] Through electromagnetic interaction of the rotor 9 with a stator 8 energized by the winding system 7, a shaft 5 of the rotor 9 is set in rotation about an axis 6. The rotor 9 is separated from the stator 8 by an air gap 25. The stator 8 is arranged in a housing 2. End shields 3 position the shaft 5 via bearings 4.

[0068] The permanent-magnet synchronous machine 1 can be cooled by a fan, in particular a self-contained fan 15 or a separate fan, and cooling channels 12 in the laminated core 10 of the stator 8. Axially extending cooling channels in the rotor 9 are also conceivable.

[0069] Likewise, only external cooling can take place on the outside of the housing 2 by means of an external (internal) fan 15 or an external fan.

[0070] Mixed forms of this and other cooling (e.g. heat pipes, liquid cooling) are also conceivable on this permanent magnet synchronous machine 1.

[0071] FIG. 2 shows a detailed view of a cross-section of a pole 19. The concave or trough-shaped design of the pole 19 is created in this case by a V-shaped arrangement of two recesses 13.

[0072] The rotor 9 with its permanent magnets 14 is arranged, separated from the stator 8 by the air gap 25. In this embodiment, these permanent magnets 14 are arranged in a concave or trough-shaped manner, as viewed from the surface of the rotor 9, in particular in a V-shape (as shown in FIG. 2) or a U-shape or trough-shaped manner (as shown in FIG. 3) within the rotor 9.

[0073] Generally speaking: The center of a pole 19 is located radially lower than its peripheral regions. In other words: the center of a pole 19 is further away from the outer diameter of the rotor 9 than its peripheral regions.

[0074] The permanent magnet 14 is in particular cuboid-shaped and is located in a pocket 36. The pocket 36 is part of a recess 13, wherein the section not occupied by the permanent magnet 14 within the recesses 13 is preferably designed as a flux barrier 34.

[0075] These flux barriers 34 comprise either air or non-magnetic material. The flux barriers 34 in the poles 19 and around the pockets 36 of the rotor 9 are necessary to prevent magnetic short circuits of the permanent magnets 14 in the area of ​​the respective poles 19.

[0076] Between the flux barriers 34 and the pockets 36, webs 21 are provided on the side of the recess 13 facing the air gap 25. This inventive arrangement of the webs 21 largely prevents demagnetization of the permanent magnets 14, particularly in the peripheral regions of the permanent magnets 14, for example, due to a surge short circuit in the winding system 7 of the stator 8.

[0077] The flux barriers 34 of the recesses at the ends of the respective pole 19 have a radial minimum width of the sheet metal relative to the outer diameter 18 of the rotor 9. This is due, among other things, to mechanical reasons in order to withstand the centrifugal force stresses.

[0078] These relationships - comparatively "deep" arrangement of the permanent magnets in the laminated core 11 and ensuring counter-field stability even in the edge areas of the poles 19 - can be summarized according to the invention as follows:

[0079] Dl >= 2xD0 and D2 >= 0 , 7xD0

[0080] Where : DO = radial or quasi-radial thickness of the pocket of the permanent magnet ,

[0081] Dl = smallest distance between the center of the middle pocket of the permanent magnet and the outer diameter of the rotor (with an odd number of recesses per pole) or smallest distance between the outer, inner (side facing the d-axis) corner of the pocket of the permanent magnet and the outer diameter of the rotor, D2 = smallest distance between the outer corner of the pocket (corner facing the q-axis, air gap side) of the permanent magnet and the outer diameter of the rotor.

[0082] For the embodiment shown in FIG 2 the following applies:

[0083] Dl >= 2xD0 and D2 >= 0 , 7xD0

[0084] This also results in a particularly favorable course of the flux barriers 34 of one or the recess(es) 13 at the edge regions of a pole 19, in which the distance 40 of the flux barriers 34 radially above the recesses 13 of this pole 19 corresponds to between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the tangential length of the pockets 36 (distance 39 between the two outer webs 21 of the outer recesses 13 of a pole 19).

[0085] The recess 13 has an area in which the permanent magnet(s) 14 are arranged. This is referred to as a pocket 36. The permanent magnets 14 bear complementarily against the longitudinal sides 37, 38 of the pocket 36, in particular against the outer longitudinal side 37. In other words, there is continuous contact—optionally provided with an adhesive layer—between the metal sheets and the permanent magnet 14.

[0086] As a rule, the pocket 36 is designed somewhat larger than the permanent magnet 14, since space for joining and / or tolerances of the permanent magnets 14 must be taken into account. This free space 50, if any, as shown in FIG 5, is then filled with adhesive or casting compound, or can also just be air, or the permanent magnets 14 can also be fixed in the pocket 36 using other types of fastening, such as clamping or caulking. This free space 50 or the existing gap in the pocket 36 on the inner long side 38 of the pocket 36 is - generally speaking - not provided with a permanent magnetic material for manufacturing reasons, among other things.

[0087] There is therefore an outer longitudinal side 37 and an inner longitudinal side 38 of the pocket 36. The outer longitudinal side 37 essentially points towards the air gap 25, and the inner longitudinal side 38 points towards the shaft 5 or axis 6. The permanent magnet 14 is inserted into the pocket 36 such that its north pole and its south pole each face the longitudinal sides 37, 38. This means that the north pole is located, for example, on the outer longitudinal side 37 and the south pole is accordingly on the inner longitudinal side 38. The permanent magnet 14 therefore has an air gap side 23 and an axis side 24. The permanent magnets of a pole 19 are aligned in the same way in order to avoid generating magnetic short circuits there.

[0088] In the transition area from the pocket 36 to the flux barriers 34, webs 21 or holders are provided on the side of the recesses 13 facing the air gap 25. In addition to the advantage that these webs 21 or holders counteract any demagnetization phenomena in the event of a surge short circuit in the winding system 7, these webs 21 or holders are also suitable for positioning and fixing the permanent magnets 14 in the respective recess 13.

[0089] Since the rotor 9, viewed in the axial direction, has axially layered laminations, it is also conceivable in a further embodiment that such webs 21 and holders are present only on every xth lamination or alternately. This configuration is clearly sufficient for positioning the permanent magnets 14 and, depending on the expected short-circuit current, also for protecting against demagnetization phenomena.

[0090] The permanent magnet arrangement of a pocket 36 or a pole 19 or a recess 13 can therefore comprise a one-piece permanent magnet 14 or several permanent magnets 14 in the axial and / or circumferential direction on iron.

[0091] According to FIGS. 2 and 3, the webs 21 and the flux barriers 34 are constructed axially symmetrically with respect to a radial bisector of a pole, i.e. the d-axis.

[0092] FIG 3 shows three permanent magnets 14 in three recesses 13, each with a pocket 36 which is separated by a sheet metal web 17.

[0093] In the axial direction, according to the embodiments according to FIG 2 , FIG 3 , only one or more permanent magnets 14 can be provided - depending on the axial length of the laminated core 11 and / or a possible staggering of the laminated core 11 of the rotor 9 .

[0094] The poles 19 of the rotor 9 are arranged alternately with respect to their magnetization direction, viewed in the circumferential direction.

[0095] The quasi-radial extension of the webs 21 ranges in particular between approximately 0.7 and 1 mm. From an electromagnetic point of view, a quasi-radial extension of the webs 21 of 0.75 mm is preferred, at least in certain embodiments.

[0096] The above-mentioned statements relate in particular to a concave or trough-shaped layer I of recesses 13 of a pole 19.

[0097] FIG. 4 shows an exemplary multi-layer pole 19 of a rotor 9. Several trough-shaped layers (I, II, III) of recesses 13 with permanent magnets 14 are arranged radially one below the other. For the sake of clarity, these recesses 13 are shown without flux barriers 34. However, each of these recesses 13 has flux barriers 34 according to FIG. 2 or FIG. 3.

[0098] The advantages according to the invention are particularly effective in the radially outer layer I of the recesses 13 with their permanent magnets 14.

[0099] Radially outermost layers (e.g., layer I) of a pole 19 tend to have more recesses 13 than the radially innermost layers (e.g., layer II or layer III). Advantageously, the pockets 36 are of identical dimensions, so that permanent magnets 14 of identical dimensions can be used.

[0100] The pockets 36 per pole 19 can also be dimensioned differently. Likewise, different magnetic materials can be used in the individual recesses 13 of a pole 19.

[0101] Likewise, the recesses 13 and thus also the permanent magnets 14 can also be curved.

[0102] Each recess 13 of a pole 19 of the rotor 9, in particular according to the above embodiments, basically has at least one permanent magnet 14 in its pocket 36. Depending on the axial length of the rotor 9 and / or its axial height and / or dimensions of the pocket 36, a plurality of permanent magnets 14 can also be used in one recess 13. An axial and / or radial and / or circumferential arrangement of permanent magnets 14 in a pocket 36 is conceivable. These can be inserted into the respective pocket 36 of the recess 13, in particular glued together in advance. This modularization of the permanent magnets 14 advantageously reduces magnetic losses, in particular eddy current losses in the permanent magnet 14, which increases the efficiency of the permanent-magnet synchronous machine 1. The idea underlying the invention can also be transferred to permanent magnet synchronous machines 1 with external rotor, such as those used, for example, in the field of synchronous motors.used in directly driven generators of wind turbines.

[0103] Such rotors 9 are used primarily in permanent-magnet synchronous machines 1 operated in industrial environments. They are intended to drive pumps, fans, compressors, roller conveyors, and conveyor systems that have a very long continuous operating time with comparatively low load fluctuations.

[0104] Such permanent magnet synchronous machines 1 can also be used in traction drives such as mining vehicles, electric buses, trams or trains in order to ensure more reliable operation of the respective vehicles by increasing the counter-field stability.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Rotor (9) of a rotary permanent-magnet synchronous machine (1) with buried permanent magnets (14) of a pole (19), which are arranged in a concave or trough-shaped manner when viewed from the direction of the outer diameter (18) of the rotor (9), and which are arranged in substantially axially extending recesses (13) of a magnetically conductive body, in particular an axially layered laminated core (11) of the rotor (9), wherein the poles (19) form alternating d-axes and q-axes on the rotor (9) when viewed in the circumferential direction, thus having different preferred magnetic directions, wherein each recess (13) has a pocket (36) for receiving one or more permanent magnets (14), wherein flux barriers (34) are located at the opposite ends of the pockets (36) of the respective recess (13) - substantially perpendicular to a magnetization direction of the permanent magnet (14) positioned there,wherein on the side of the recesses (13) of a pole (19) facing an outer diameter (18) of the rotor (9), in the area between the pocket (36) and the flux barrier (34), at least in sections, means for increasing a counter-field stability are provided, wherein the means for increasing a counter-field stability are arranged as webs (21) at the ends of the pockets (36) and thereby contribute to the positioning of the permanent magnets (14) in the pockets (36), wherein the permanent magnets (14) are inserted and fixed in the pockets (36) in such a way that they bear complementarily against the outer longitudinal sides (37) of the pockets (36), in such a way that free spaces (50) are formed on the inner longitudinal sides (38) of the pockets (36), wherein the webs (21) at least in sections form the pockets (36) for receiving the permanent magnets (14), wherein the webs (21) are designed in such a way that they and / or operating condition with high current load,e.g. in the event of a short circuit, they perform a protective function for the permanent magnet (14), wherein the recess (13) is designed in such a way that the opposing field stability is also ensured for the permanent magnet(s) (14) or their regions in the central region of the pockets (36), in that the smallest distance (Dl) between the pocket (36) of the pole (19) in the region of the d-axis or on the d-axis and the outer diameter or surface (18) of the rotor (9) is greater than or equal to 2 times the radial thickness (DO) of the pocket (36) at this point, and the smallest distance (D2) between a radially outer corner of the pocket (36) of the pole (19) and the outer diameter (18) or surface of the rotor (9) is greater than or equal to 0.7 times the radial thickness (DO) of the pocket (36), i.e. Dl > 2xD0 and D2 > 0.7xD0.

2. Rotor (9) of a rotary permanent magnet synchronous machine (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the concave or trough-shaped permanent magnets (14) of a pole (19) are arranged in a V- or U-shape when viewed from the direction of the outer diameter (18) of the rotor (9).

3. Rotor (9) of a rotary permanent magnet synchronous machine (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the means for increasing counter-field stability, in particular the holding elements, are arranged in a predeterminable alternating manner on the pockets (36) of the laminations of the rotor (9) in the axial direction of the rotor (9).

4. Rotor (9) of a rotary permanent magnet synchronous machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radial or quasi-radial extension of the webs (21), away from the outer diameter (18) of the rotor (9), extends at most up to half the magnetic thickness (DO) of the permanent magnet (14) adjacent in the pocket (36), in particular has a radial or quasi-radial extension of approximately 0.7 mm to 1 mm.

5. Rotor (9) of a rotary permanent magnet synchronous machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one permanent magnet (14) is provided per pole (19) and / or recess (13).

6. Rotor (9) of a rotary permanent magnet synchronous machine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a distance (39) of the outer flux barriers (34) of the recesses (13) of a pole (19) radially above the recesses (13) between 0.9 times and 1.1 times the tangential length of the outer pockets (36) of a pole, thus corresponds to a distance (40) between two outer webs (21) of a pole (19).

7. Permanent-magnet synchronous machine (1) with a stator (8) and a rotor (9) spaced therefrom by an air gap (25), with buried permanent magnets (14) of a pole (19) which are arranged in a concave or trough-shaped manner when viewed from the direction of the outer diameter (18) of the rotor (9), said permanent magnets being arranged in substantially axially extending recesses (13) of a magnetically conductive body, in particular an axially layered laminated core (11) of the rotor (9), wherein the poles (19) form alternating d-axes and q-axes on the rotor (9) when viewed in the circumferential direction, thus having different preferred magnetic directions, wherein each recess (13) has a pocket (36) for receiving one or more permanent magnets (14), wherein at the opposite ends of the pockets (36), the respective recess (13) - substantially perpendicular to a magnetization direction of the permanent magnet positioned there (14) River barriers (34) are located,wherein on the side of the recesses (13) of a pole (19) facing an outer diameter (18) of the rotor (9), in the area between the pocket (36) and the flux barrier (34), means for increasing a counter-field stability are provided at least in sections, wherein the means for increasing a counter-field stability are arranged as webs (21) at the ends of the pockets (36) and, thereby contributing to the positioning of the permanent magnets (14) in the pockets (36), wherein the permanent magnets (14) are inserted and fixed in the pockets (36) in such a way that they lie complementarily on the outer longitudinal sides (37) of the pockets (36), in such a way that free spaces (50) are produced on the inner longitudinal sides (38) of the pockets (36), wherein the webs (21) form the pockets (36) for receiving the permanent magnets (14) at least in sections, wherein the webs (21) are designed in such a way that they exert a protective function for the permanent magnet (14), in particular in the event of a fault and / or operating state with a high current load, e.g. a surge short circuit, wherein the recess (13) is designed in such a way that the opposing field stability also affects the permanent magnet(s) (14) orwhose areas in the middle area of ​​the pockets (36) is ensured by the smallest distance (Dl) between the pocket (36) of the pole (19) in the area of ​​the d-axis or on the d-axis and the outer diameter or surface (18) of the rotor (9) being greater than or equal to 2 times the radial thickness (DO) of the pocket (36) at this point, and the smallest distance (D2) between a radially outer corner of the pocket (36) of the pole (19) and the outer diameter (18) or surface of the rotor (9) being greater than or equal to 0.7 times the radial thickness (DO) of the pocket (36), i.e. Dl > 2xD0 and D2 > 0.7xD0.

8. Conveyor system, compressor, fan, pump or traction drive with at least one permanent magnet synchronous machine (1) according to claim 7.

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