Transmission scaling for ultra-wideband communications

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a transmitting device may calculate a plurality of scaling factors, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of a communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel, and wherein the communication channel is an ultra-wideband (UWB) sidelink communication channel. The transmitting device may transmit a signal over the communication channel using the plurality of scaling factors. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

TRANSMISSION SCALING FOR ULTRA-WIDEBAND COMMUNICATIONS CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This Patent Application claims priority to Israel Patent Application No.308268, filed on November 5, 2023, entitled “TRANSMISSION SCALING FOR ULTRA-WIDEBAND COMMUNICATIONS,” and assigned to the assignee hereof. The disclosure of the prior Application is considered part of and is incorporated by reference into this Patent Application. FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods for transmission scaling for ultra- wideband communications. BACKGROUND

[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services that may include carrying voice, text, messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. The services may include unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast services, among other examples. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples). Examples of such multiple-access RATs include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0004] The above multiple-access RATs have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, or global level. An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR). NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). NR (and other mobile broadband evolutions beyond NR) may be designed to better support Internet of things (IoT) and reduced capability device deployments, industrial connectivity, millimeter wave (mmWave) expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployment, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication), massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansions, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, and / or 0097-5119PCT 1radio frequency (RF) sensing, among other examples. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other radio access technologies such as 6G may be introduced, to further advance mobile broadband evolution. SUMMARY

[0005] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a transmitting device includes calculating a plurality of scaling factors, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of a communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel, and wherein the communication channel is an ultra- wideband (UWB) sidelink communication channel; and transmitting a signal over the communication channel using the plurality of scaling factors.

[0006] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a receiving device includes receiving a signal via a communication channel, wherein the communication channel is an UWB sidelink communication channel; obtaining a plurality of scaling factors associated with the signal, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of the communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel; and generating data using the signal and the plurality of scaling factors.

[0007] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitting device includes one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the transmitting device to: calculate a plurality of scaling factors, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of a communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel, and wherein the communication channel is an UWB sidelink communication channel; and transmit a signal over the communication channel using the plurality of scaling factors.

[0008] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication at a receiving device includes one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the receiving device to: receive a signal via a communication channel, wherein the communication channel is an UWB sidelink communication channel; obtain a plurality of scaling factors associated with the signal, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of the communication channel, wherein each portion of the 0097-5119PCT 2plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel; and generate data using the signal and the plurality of scaling factors.

[0009] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a transmitting device, cause the transmitting device to: calculate a plurality of scaling factors, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of a communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel, and wherein the communication channel is an UWB sidelink communication channel; and transmit a signal over the communication channel using the plurality of scaling factors.

[0010] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication includes one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a receiving device, cause the receiving device to: receive a signal via a communication channel, wherein the communication channel is an UWB sidelink communication channel; obtain a plurality of scaling factors associated with the signal, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of the communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel; and generate data using the signal and the plurality of scaling factors.

[0011] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for calculating a plurality of scaling factors, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of a communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel, and wherein the communication channel is an UWB sidelink communication channel; and means for transmitting a signal over the communication channel using the plurality of scaling factors.

[0012] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for receiving a signal via a communication channel, wherein the communication channel is an UWB sidelink communication channel; means for obtaining a plurality of scaling factors associated with the signal, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of the communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel; and means for generating data using the signal and the plurality of scaling factors.

[0013] Aspects of the present disclosure may generally be implemented by or as a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user 0097-5119PCT 3equipment, base station, network node, network entity, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described with reference to, and as illustrated by, the specification and accompanying drawings.

[0014] The foregoing paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of the present disclosure. These and additional aspects and associated advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed aspects may be used as a basis for modifying or designing other aspects for carrying out the same or similar purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The appended drawings illustrate some aspects of the present disclosure, but are not limiting of the scope of the present disclosure because the description may enable other aspects. Each of the drawings is provided for purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. The same or similar reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0016] Fig.1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0017] Fig.2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node in communication with an example user equipment (UE) in a wireless network in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0018] Fig.3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0019] Fig.4 is a diagram illustrating an example of extended reality communications, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0020] Fig.5 is a diagram illustrating an example of transmission scaling for ultra-wideband communications, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0021] Fig.6 is a diagram illustrating an example of scaling factor estimation using pilot signals, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0022] Fig.7 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a transmitting device or an apparatus of a transmitting device, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0023] Fig.8 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a receiving device or an apparatus of a receiving device, in accordance with the present disclosure. 0097-5119PCT 4

[0024] Fig.9 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] Fig.10 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not to be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated by or described with reference to an accompanying drawing or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art may appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using various combinations or quantities of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover an apparatus having, or a method that is practiced using, other structures and / or functionalities in addition to or other than the structures and / or functionalities with which various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein may be practiced. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.

[0027] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0028] An extended reality (XR) device may be a virtual reality (VR) device, an augmented reality (AR) device, or a mixed reality (MR) device. The XR device may be, for example, a head mounted device (HMD) such as a VR headset. The XR device may be compatible with one or more other devices, such as a user equipment (UE). The UE may be, for example, a smart phone. The XR device may need to be lightweight, have limited processing complexity, and / or have a limited power consumption to allow for a lightweight battery and a reasonable battery lifetime. However, a standalone XR device may not be able to comply with these above requirements. 0097-5119PCT 5

[0029] In some cases, a portion of the XR-related processing may be moved to a companion device, such as the UE. This may be referred to as a split XR approach and may be used to reduce complexity at the XR device. An example split XR approach may include moving some (for example, most) of the rendering related processing to a companion device. In one example, a split XR may be used for XR processing offloading with tethering to a relatively close companion device (for example, the UE) or a processing split between the XR device, the companion device, and a network node. For example, an XR device may communicate with a UE via Wi-Fi (for example, Wi-Fi-D) or via sidelink (for example, via 5G sidelink), the UE may communicate with a network node (for example, a base station) via radio communications (for example, 5G NR communications), and the network node may communicate with an edge node (for example, a cloud) via the Internet. From the XR device perspective, the above split assumes a similar processing load and locally covered functionality on the XR device side but with a local short range communication link with the associated UE (for example, 5G NR sidelink or Wi-Fi) which allows for reductions to modem related power consumption. When employing an aggressive XR functionality split (for example, moving most of the processing to a companion device, such as the UE or the network node), the XR device may function mostly as an input / output (I / O) device.

[0030] In some cases, a complexity of a receiving device (such as the XR device) may be reduced by applying a pre-equalization at a transmitting device (such as the UE). Therefore, a complexity associated with applying the pre-equalization may be shifted from the receiving device to the transmitting device. Applying the pre-equalization at the transmitting device may allow for a complexity reduction at the receiving device without negatively impacting transmission performance. In some examples, a scaling factor may be applied at the transmitting device to enable a transmission to comply with a power constraint. For example, the scaling factor may be applied before the transmission in order to reduce a transmission power to be below a total transmission power limitation (e.g., a power limitation associated with a regulation or a power amplifier restriction).

[0031] Ultra-wideband (UWB) communications may be used for short-range, low-power, low- complexity, and low-latency communications, such as XR communications between the UE and the XR device. In some cases, UWB communications may impose one or more transmission power limitations for average effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) and peak EIRP. For example, a first limit (Limit 1) may indicate that the average EIRP at 1 millisecond (ms) is to be less than or equal to -41 decibel-milliwatts (dBm) at 1 megahertz (MHz). Additionally, or alternatively, a second limit (Limit 2) may indicate that a peak EIRP is to be less than or equal to 0 dBm at 50 MHz. A transmission power for UWB transmissions may be restricted at least by Limit 1. In some cases, applying a transmission pre-equalization using a single wideband scaling factor, for example, to impose a total aggregate transmit power constraint over all transmission 0097-5119PCT 6antennas and over an entire signal bandwidth of the UWB channel, may result in a violation of an UWB restriction, such as Limit 1. For example, applying a single wideband scaling factor to a two-by-two multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission may result in a fluctuating power spectral density (PSD) that violates (or partially violates) the UWB regulations. Thus, it may not be possible to reduce a transmission power for transmissions within the UWB spectrum using a single scaling factor, which may result in increased network resource consumption. Additionally, or alternatively, equalization for UWB transmissions may need to be performed at the receiving device, which may result in increased processing resource consumption and increased battery consumption at the receiving device.

[0032] Various aspects relate generally to wireless communications. Some aspects more specifically relate to transmission scaling for UWB communications. In some aspects, a transmitting device may calculate a plurality of scaling factors. The transmitting device may be, for example, a UE. Each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors may correspond to a portion of a plurality of portions of a communication channel. For example, each scaling factor may correspond to a 1 MHz portion of the communication channel. The communication channel may be, for example, an UWB sidelink communication channel. In some examples, the transmitting device may obtain a plurality of frequency domain pre-equalization matrices in accordance with a channel estimation for the communication channel. In this example, calculating the plurality of scaling factors may include calculating, for each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel, a scaling factor using one or more frequency domain pre-equalization matrices of the plurality of frequency domain pre-equalization matrices. The transmitting device may transmit a signal over the communication channel using the plurality of scaling factors. In some examples, the transmitting device may generate the signal in accordance with applying the plurality of scaling factors to a pre-equalized signal. In some other examples, the transmitting device may transmit an indication of the plurality of scaling factors to be applied to the pre-equalized signal. A receiving device may receive the signal via the communication channel. The receiving device may be, for example, an XR device. The receiving device may obtain a plurality of scaling factors associated with the signal, where each scaling factor corresponds to a portion (for example, a 1 MHz portion) of the communication channel. In some examples, obtaining the plurality of scaling factors may include receiving the plurality of scaling factors from the transmitting device. In some other examples, obtaining the plurality of scaling factors may include generating the plurality of scaling factors using a reference signal received power (RSRP) indicator or a reference signal strength indicator (RSSI). In some other examples, obtaining the plurality of scaling factors may include generating the plurality of scaling factors using one or more pilot signals. The receiving device may generate data (such as a pre-equalized signal) using the signal and the plurality of scaling factors. 0097-5119PCT 7

[0033] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by calculating the plurality of scaling factors at the transmitting device, the described techniques can be used to shift a pre-equalization complexity from the receiving device to the transmitting device. In some examples, by calculating the plurality of scaling factors at the transmitting device, the described techniques can be used to enable transmissions over an UWB channel without violating transmission power limits imposed by the UWB channel. In some examples, by transmitting the communication signal using the plurality of scaling factors, the described techniques can be used to enable pre-equalization to be performed at the transmitting device without impacting transmission performance over the UWB channel, without introducing complexity at the receiving device, and without introducing latency to the UWB channel. In some examples, by transmitting the communication signal using the plurality of scaling factors, the described techniques can be used to enable pre-equalization at the transmitting device without introducing significant signaling overhead. For example, transmitting the signal using the plurality of scaling factors may include transmitting the plurality of scaling factors a single time for each precoding matrix refresh cycle, which may only require minimal control data signaling and / or the re-use of equalized pilot signals for channel estimation. These example advantages, among others, are described in more detail below.

[0034] Multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G New Radio (NR) is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). 5G NR supports various technologies and use cases including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), millimeter wave (mmWave) technology, beamforming, network slicing, edge computing, Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity and management, and network function virtualization (NFV).

[0035] As the demand for broadband access increases and as technologies supported by wireless communication networks evolve, further technological improvements may be adopted in or implemented for 5G NR or future RATs, such as 6G, to further advance the evolution of wireless communication for a wide variety of existing and new use cases and applications. Such technological improvements may be associated with new frequency band expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansion, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication, sidelink and other device-to- device direct communication, IoT (including passive or ambient IoT) networks, reduced 0097-5119PCT 8capability (RedCap) UE functionality, industrial connectivity, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing, and / or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML), among other examples. These technological improvements may support use cases such as wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, XR and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial and / or aerial platforms, among other examples. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases.

[0036] Fig.1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110, shown as a network node (NN) 110a, a network node 110b, a network node 110c, and a network node 110d. The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120, shown as a UE 120a, a UE 120b, a UE 120c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120e.

[0037] The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, and / or channels. For example, devices of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 100 may support a particular RAT (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency ranges. Examples of RATs include a 4G RAT, a 5G / NR RAT, and / or a 6G RAT, among other examples. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with one another.

[0038] In some examples, the wireless network 100 may include a receiving device 125. The receiving device 125 may be, for example, an XR device. The receiving device 125 may communicate with the UE 120. For example, the receiving device 125 may perform a portion of data processing on behalf of the UE 120. Additionally or alternatively, the receiving device 125 may communicate with the network node 110.

[0039] Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz), FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz), FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 0097-5119PCT 9GHz), FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz), which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz,” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and / or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave,” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are included in mid-band frequencies, that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, or FR5, and / or that are within the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, each of FR4a, FR4- 1, FR4, and FR5 falls within the EHF band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS), in which multiple RATs (for example, 4G / LTE and 5G / NR) are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (for example, based on user demand) in a single frequency band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (for example, FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein may be applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0040] A network node 110 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication between a UE 120 and one or more devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. A network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, an eNB, a gNB, an access point (AP), a transmission reception point (TRP), a mobility element, a core, a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN).

[0041] A network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures). For example, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack), or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node (having an aggregated architecture), meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically 0097-5119PCT 10integrated within a single node (for example, a single physical structure) in the wireless communication network 100. For example, an aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that uses a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.

[0042] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station), meaning that the network node 110 may implement a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. For example, a disaggregated network node may have a disaggregated architecture. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance), or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN), also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN), to facilitate scaling by separating base station functionality into multiple units that can be individually deployed.

[0043] The network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), and / or one or more radio units (RUs). A CU may host one or more higher layer control functions, such as radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, and / or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host one or more lower PHY layer functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT), an inverse FFT (iFFT), beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and / or scheduling of resources for one or more UEs 120, among other examples. An RU may host RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an iFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120.

[0044] In some aspects, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. Additionally or alternatively, a network node 110 may include one or more Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) and / or one or more Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RICs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual 0097-5119PCT 11distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU), among other examples. A virtual unit may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as associated with a cloud deployment.

[0045] Some network nodes 110 (for example, a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the 3GPP, the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 or to a network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may support one or multiple (for example, three) cells. In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. A network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or an in- home network node. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 110 (for example, a train, a satellite base station, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or an NTN network node).

[0046] The wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and / or disaggregated network nodes, among other examples. In the example shown in Fig.1, the network node 110a may be a macro network node for a macro cell 130a, the network node 110b may be a pico network node for a pico cell 130b, and the network node 110c may be a femto network node for a femto cell 130c.Various different types of network nodes 110 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas, and / or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 100 than other types of network nodes 110. For example, macro network nodes may have a high transmit power level (for example, 5 to 40 watts), whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (for example, 0.1 to 2 watts).

[0047] In some examples, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link). The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL”) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a 0097-5119PCT 12UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL”) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. A downlink control channel may be used to transmit downlink control information (DCI) (for example, scheduling information, reference signals, and / or configuration information) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include one or more physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs), and downlink data channels may include one or more physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs). Uplink channels may similarly include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. An uplink control channel may be used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) (for example, reference signals and / or feedback corresponding to one or more downlink transmissions) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include one or more physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs), and uplink data channels may include one or more physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs). The downlink and the uplink may each include a set of resources on which the network node 110 and the UE 120 may communicate.

[0048] Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (frames, subframes, slots, and / or symbols), frequency domain resources (frequency bands, component carriers, subcarriers, resource blocks, and / or resource elements), and / or spatial domain resources (particular transmit directions and / or beam parameters). Frequency domain resources of some bands may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs). A BWP may be a continuous block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous block of resource blocks) that are allocated for one or more UEs 120. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (where the uplink BWP and the downlink BWP may be the same BWP or different BWPs). A BWP may be dynamically configured (for example, by a network node 110 transmitting a DCI configuration to the one or more UEs 120) and / or reconfigured, which means that a BWP can be adjusted in real-time (or near-real-time) based on changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or based on the specific requirements of the one or more UEs 120. This enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 120 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 120 is required to monitor), leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 120. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability UEs 120 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 120. 0097-5119PCT 13

[0049] As described above, in some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be, may include, or may be included in, an IAB network. In an IAB network, at least one network node 110 is an anchor network node that communicates with a core network. An anchor network node 110 may also be referred to as an IAB donor (or “IAB-donor”). The anchor network node 110 may connect to the core network via a wired backhaul link. For example, an Ng interface of the anchor network node 110 may terminate at the core network. Additionally or alternatively, an anchor network node 110 may connect to one or more devices of the core network that provide a core access and mobility management function (AMF). An IAB network also generally includes multiple non-anchor network nodes 110, which may also be referred to as relay network nodes or simply as IAB nodes (or “IAB-nodes”). Each non-anchor network node 110 may communicate directly with the anchor network node 110 via a wireless backhaul link to access the core network, or may communicate indirectly with the anchor network node 110 via one or more other non-anchor network nodes 110 and associated wireless backhaul links that form a backhaul path to the core network. Some anchor network node 110 or other non-anchor network node 110 may also communicate directly with one or more UEs 120 via wireless access links that carry access traffic. In some examples, network resources for wireless communication (such as time resources, frequency resources, and / or spatial resources) may be shared between access links and backhaul links.

[0050] In some examples, any network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay network node, a relay station, or simply as a relay. A relay may receive a transmission of a communication from an upstream station (for example, another network node 110 or a UE 120) and transmit the communication to a downstream station (for example, a UE 120 or another network node 110). In this case, the wireless communication network 100 may include or be referred to as a “multi-hop network.” In the example shown in Fig.1, the network node 110d (for example, a relay network node) may communicate with the network node 110a (for example, a macro network node) and the UE 120d in order to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. Additionally or alternatively, a UE 120 may be or may operate as a relay station that can relay transmissions to or from other UEs 120. A UE 120 that relays communications may be referred to as a UE relay or a relay UE, among other examples.

[0051] The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or may be included in an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a 0097-5119PCT 14camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, and / or smart jewelry, such as a smart ring or a smart bracelet), an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio), an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device), a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.

[0052] A UE 120 and / or a network node 110 may include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs), chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system. The processing system includes processor (or “processing”) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs), graphics processing units (GPUs), neural processing units (NPUs) and / or digital signal processors (DSPs)), processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)), or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry”). One or more of the processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set, or may include the group of processors all being configured or configurable to perform the set of functions.

[0053] The processing system may further include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM), or combinations thereof (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “memories” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry”). One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. The processing system may further include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a Wi-Fi (for example, IEEE compliant) modem or a cellular (for example, 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G 0097-5119PCT 15compliant) modem). In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system may further include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio”), multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains or transceivers. The UE 120 may include or may be included in a housing that houses components associated with the UE 120 including the processing system.

[0054] Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) UEs, evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC), UEs, further enhanced eMTC (feMTC) UEs, or enhanced feMTC (efeMTC) UEs, or further evolutions thereof, all of which may be simply referred to as “MTC UEs”. An MTC UE may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with a robot, an unmanned aerial vehicle or drone, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and / or a location tag. Some UEs 120 may be considered IoT devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. An IoT UE or NB-IoT device may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with an industrial machine, an appliance, a refrigerator, a doorbell camera device, a home automation device, and / or a light fixture, among other examples. Some UEs 120 may be considered Customer Premises Equipment, which may include telecommunications devices that are installed at a customer location (such as a home or office) to enable access to a service provider's network (such as included in or in communication with the wireless communication network 100).

[0055] Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and / or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may facilitate massive IoT in the wireless communication network 100, and may offer low complexity and / or cost relative to UEs 120 in a second category. UEs 120 in a second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full- capability UEs, and / or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and / or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100, among other examples. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity and / or capability (for example, a capability between UEs 120 of the first category and UEs 120 of the second capability). A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capacity UE (“RedCap UE”), a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and / or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs, and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, and / or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range, among other examples. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical 0097-5119PCT 16distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, and / or smart city deployments, among other examples.

[0056] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (for example, shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly with one another using sidelink communications (for example, without communicating by way of a network node 110 as an intermediary). As an example, the UE 120a may directly transmit data, control information, or other signaling as a sidelink communication to the UE 120e. This is in contrast to, for example, the UE 120a first transmitting data in an UL communication to a network node 110, which then transmits the data to the UE 120e in a DL communication. In various examples, the UEs 120 may transmit and receive sidelink communications using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication protocols, device-to-device (D2D) communication protocols, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication protocols (which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, and / or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols), and / or mesh network communication protocols. In some deployments and configurations, a network node 110 may schedule and / or allocate resources for sidelink communications between UEs 120 in the wireless communication network 100. In some other deployments and configurations, a UE 120 (instead of a network node 110) may perform, or collaborate or negotiate with one or more other UEs to perform, scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations for sidelink communications.

[0057] In various examples, some of the network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may be configured for full-duplex operation in addition to half- duplex operation. A network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a half-duplex mode may perform only one of transmission or reception during particular time resources, such as during particular slots, symbols, or other time periods. Half-duplex operation may involve time-division duplexing (TDD), in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 and UL transmissions of the UE 120 do not occur in the same time resources (that is, the transmissions do not overlap in time). In contrast, a network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a full-duplex mode can transmit and receive communications concurrently (for example, in the same time resources). By operating in a full-duplex mode, network nodes 110 and / or UEs 120 may generally increase the capacity of the network and the radio access link. In some examples, full-duplex operation may involve frequency-division duplexing (FDD), in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 are performed in a first frequency band or on a first component carrier and transmissions of the UE 120 are performed in a second frequency band or on a second component carrier different than the first frequency band or the first component carrier, respectively. In some examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a UE 120 but not for a network node 110. For example, a UE 120 may simultaneously transmit an UL transmission to a first network node 110 and receive a DL transmission from a second network node 110 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a network node 110 but not for a UE 120. 0097-5119PCT 17For example, a network node 110 may simultaneously transmit a DL transmission to a first UE 120 and receive an UL transmission from a second UE 120 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for both a network node 110 and a UE 120.

[0058] In some examples, the UEs 120 and the network nodes 110 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO). Some RATs may employ advanced MIMO techniques, such as mTRP operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs), reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency-network (SFN) transmission, or non- coherent joint transmission (NC-JT).

[0059] In some aspects, the UE 120 (a transmitting device) may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may calculate a plurality of scaling factors, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of a communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel, and wherein the communication channel is an UWB sidelink communication channel; and transmit a signal over the communication channel using the plurality of scaling factors. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0060] In some aspects, the receiving device 125 (e.g., an XR device) may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may receive a signal via a communication channel, wherein the communication channel is an UWB sidelink communication channel; obtain a plurality of scaling factors associated with the signal, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of the communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel; and generate data using the signal and the plurality of scaling factors. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0061] As indicated above, Fig.1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig.1.

[0062] Fig.2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node 110 in communication with an example UE 120 in a wireless network in accordance with the present disclosure. 0097-5119PCT 18

[0063] As shown in Fig.2, the network node 110 may include a data source 212, a transmit processor 214, a transmit (TX) MIMO processor 216, a set of modems 232 (shown as 232a through 232t, where t ^ 1), a set of antennas 234 (shown as 234a through 234v, where v ^ 1), a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a data sink 239, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, a communication unit 244, a scheduler 246, and / or a communication manager 150, among other examples. In some configurations, one or a combination of the antenna(s) 234, the modem(s) 232, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 214, and / or the TX MIMO processor 216 may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 240, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 242, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, and / or operations described herein. In some aspects, the network node 110 may include one or more interfaces, communication components, and / or other components that facilitate communication with the UE 120 or another network node.

[0064] The terms “processor,” “controller,” or “controller / processor” may refer to one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. For example, reference to “a / the processor,” “a / the controller / processor,” or the like (in the singular) should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig.2, such as a single processor or a combination of multiple different processors. Reference to “one or more processors” should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig.2. For example, one or more processors of the network node 110 may include transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. Similarly, one or more processors of the UE 120 may include MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and / or controller / processor 280.

[0065] In some aspects, a single processor may perform all of the operations described as being performed by the one or more processors. In some aspects, a first set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a first operation described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a second operation described as being performed by the one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors. Reference to “one or more memories” should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of a corresponding device, such as the memory described in connection with Fig.2. For example, operation described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or different subsets of the one or more memories. 0097-5119PCT 19

[0066] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the transmit processor 214 may receive data (“downlink data”) intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs that includes the UE 120) from the data source 212 (such as a data pipeline or a data queue). In some examples, the transmit processor 214 may select one or more MCSs for the UE 120 in accordance with one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may process the data (for example, including encoding the data) for transmission to the UE 120 on a downlink in accordance with the MCS(s) selected for the UE 120 to generate data symbols. The transmit processor 214 may process system information (for example, semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and / or control information (for example, CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and / or control symbols. The transmit processor 214 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (for example, a cell- specific reference signal (CRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS)) and / or synchronization signals (for example, a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signals (SSS)).

[0067] The TX MIMO processor 216 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, T output symbol streams) to the set of modems 232. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 232. Each modem 232 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a time domain downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may together transmit a set of downlink signals (for example, T downlink signals) via the corresponding set of antennas 234.

[0068] A downlink signal may include a DCI communication, a MAC control element (MAC- CE) communication, an RRC communication, a downlink reference signal, or another type of downlink communication. Downlink signals may be transmitted on a PDCCH, a PDSCH, and / or on another downlink channel. A downlink signal may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data. A TB may be a unit of data that is transmitted over an air interface in the wireless communication network 100. A data stream (for example, from the data source 212) may be encoded into multiple TBs for transmission over the air interface. The quantity of TBs used to carry the data associated with a particular data stream may be associated with a TB size common to the multiple TBs. The TB size may be based on or otherwise associated with radio channel conditions of the air interface, the MCS used for encoding the data, the downlink resources 0097-5119PCT 20allocated for transmitting the data, and / or another parameter. In general, the larger the TB size, the greater the amount of data that can be transmitted in a single transmission, which reduces signaling overhead. However, larger TB sizes may be more prone to transmission and / or reception errors than smaller TB sizes, but such errors may be mitigated by more robust error correction techniques.

[0069] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, uplink signals from the UE 120 may be received by an antenna 234, may be processed by a modem 232 (for example, a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of a modem 232), may be detected by the MIMO detector 236 (for example, a receive (Rx) MIMO processor) if applicable, and / or may be further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and / or control information. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 (which may be a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or another type of data sink) and provide the decoded control information to a processor, such as the controller / processor 240.

[0070] The network node 110 may use the scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communications. In some aspects, the scheduler 246 may use DCI to dynamically schedule DL transmissions to the UE 120 and / or UL transmissions from the UE 120. In some examples, the scheduler 246 may allocate recurring time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources that the UE 120 may use to transmit and / or receive communications using an RRC configuration (for example, a semi-static configuration), for example, to perform semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) or to configure a configured grant (CG) for the UE 120.

[0071] One or more of the transmit processor 214, the TX MIMO processor 216, the modem 232, the antenna 234, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, and / or the controller / processor 240 may be included in an RF chain of the network node 110. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and / or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by one or more processors of the network node 110). In some aspects, the RF chain may be or may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110.

[0072] In some examples, the network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to communicate with a core network and / or with other network nodes. The communication unit 244 may support wired and / or wireless communication protocols and / or connections, such as Ethernet, optical fiber, common public radio interface (CPRI), and / or a wired or wireless backhaul, among other examples. The network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to transmit and / or receive data associated with the UE 120 or to perform network control signaling, among other examples. The communication unit 244 may include a transceiver and / or an interface, such as a network interface. 0097-5119PCT 21

[0073] The UE 120 may include a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r, where r ^ 1), a set of modems 254 (shown as modems 254a through 254u, where u ^ 1), a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a data sink 260, a data source 262, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, a memory 282, and / or a communication manager 140, among other examples. One or more of the components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing 284. In some aspects, one or a combination of the antenna(s) 252, the modem(s) 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be included in a transceiver that is included in the UE 120. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 280, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 282, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, or operations described herein. In some aspects, the UE 120 may include another interface, another communication component, and / or another component that facilitates communication with the network node 110 and / or another UE 120.

[0074] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the set of antennas 252 may receive the downlink communications or signals from the network node 110 and may provide a set of received downlink signals (for example, R received signals) to the set of modems 254. For example, each received signal may be provided to a respective demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to condition (for example, filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to further demodulate or process the input samples (for example, for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. The MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the set of modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (for example, decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260 (which may include a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120), and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280.

[0075] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data (“uplink data”) from a data source 262 (such as a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) and control information from the controller / processor 280. The control information may include one or more parameters, feedback, one or more signal measurements, and / or other types of control information. In some aspects, the receive processor 258 and / or the controller / processor 280 may determine, for a received signal (such as received from the network node 110 or another UE), one or more parameters relating to transmission of the uplink communication. The one or more parameters 0097-5119PCT 22may include an RSRP parameter, an RSSI parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, a CQI parameter, or a transmit power control (TPC) parameter, among other examples. The control information may include an indication of the RSRP parameter, the RSSI parameter, the RSRQ parameter, the CQI parameter, the TPC parameter, and / or another parameter. The control information may facilitate parameter selection and / or scheduling for the UE 120 by the network node 110.

[0076] The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals, such as an uplink DMRS, an uplink sounding reference signal (SRS), and / or another type of reference signal. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, and further processed by the set of modems 254 (for example, for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM). The TX MIMO processor 266 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, U output symbol streams) to the set of modems 254. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 254 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain an uplink signal.

[0077] The modems 254a through 254u may transmit a set of uplink signals (for example, R uplink signals or U uplink symbols) via the corresponding set of antennas 252. An uplink signal may include a UCI communication, a MAC-CE communication, an RRC communication, or another type of uplink communication. Uplink signals may be transmitted on a PUSCH, a PUCCH, and / or another type of uplink channel. An uplink signal may carry one or more TBs of data. Sidelink data and control transmissions (that is, transmissions directly between two or more UEs 120) may generally use similar techniques as were described for uplink data and control transmission, and may use sidelink-specific channels such as a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH), and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH).

[0078] One or more antennas of the set of antennas 252 or the set of antennas 234 may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings), a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or one or more antenna elements coupled with 0097-5119PCT 23one or more transmission or reception components, such as one or more components of Fig.2. As used herein, “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. “Antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters of the group of antennas. “Antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas, which may also include one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device.

[0079] In some examples, each of the antenna elements of an antenna 234 or an antenna 252 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals. For example, a single antenna element may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element that can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. The antenna elements may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, and / or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or another pattern. A spacing between antenna elements may be such that signals with a desired wavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elements may interact or interfere constructively and destructively along various directions (such as to form a desired beam). For example, given an expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, a half wavelength, or another fraction of a wavelength of spacing between neighboring antenna elements to allow for the desired constructive and destructive interference patterns of signals transmitted by the separate antenna elements within that expected range.

[0080] The amplitudes and / or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub- elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating phase shift, phase offset, and / or amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to as beamforming. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction. “Beam” may also generally refer to a direction associated with such a directional signal transmission, a set of directional resources associated with the signal transmission (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and / or a vertical direction), and / or a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and / or a set of directional resources associated with the signal. In some implementations, antenna elements may be individually selected or deselected for directional transmission of a signal (or signals) by controlling amplitudes of one or more corresponding amplifiers and / or phases of the signal(s) to form one or more beams. The shape of a beam (such as the amplitude, width, and / or presence of side lobes) and / or the direction of a beam (such as an angle of the beam relative to a surface of an antenna array) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes of the multiple signals relative to each other. 0097-5119PCT 24

[0081] Different UEs 120 or network nodes 110 may include different numbers of antenna elements. For example, a UE 120 may include a single antenna element, two antenna elements, four antenna elements, eight antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. As another example, a network node 110 may include eight antenna elements, 24 antenna elements, 64 antenna elements, 128 antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. Generally, a larger number of antenna elements may provide increased control over parameters for beam generation relative to a smaller number of antenna elements, whereas a smaller number of antenna elements may be less complex to implement and may use less power than a larger number of antenna elements. Multiple antenna elements may support multiple-layer transmission, in which a first layer of a communication (which may include a first data stream) and a second layer of a communication (which may include a second data stream) are transmitted using the same time and frequency resources with spatial multiplexing.

[0082] While blocks in Fig.2 are illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.

[0083] Fig.3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 300 in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more components of the example disaggregated base station architecture 300 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 110). The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a Non-RT RIC 350 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 360 and / or a Near-RT RIC 370 (for example, via an E2 link). The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.

[0084] Each of the components of the disaggregated base station architecture 300, including the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, the Near-RT RICs 370, the Non-RT RICs 350, and the SMO Framework 360, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium. 0097-5119PCT 25

[0085] In some aspects, the CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. For example, a DU 330 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 310. Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU(s) 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.

[0086] The SMO Framework 360 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non- virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an O2 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 310, a DU 330, an RU 340, a non-RT RIC 350, and / or a Near-RT RIC 370. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, and / or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 380, via an O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a respective O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0087] The Non-RT RIC 350 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, AI / ML workflows including model training and updates, and / or policy-based guidance of applications and / or features in the Near-RT RIC 370. The Non-RT RIC 350 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 370. The Near-RT RIC 370 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 0097-5119PCT 26interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, and / or an O-eNB with the Near-RT RIC 370.

[0088] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 370, the Non-RT RIC 350 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 370 and may be received at the SMO Framework 360 or the Non-RT RIC 350 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 350 or the Near-RT RIC 370 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 350 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 360 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies).

[0089] As indicated above, Fig.3 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig.3.

[0090] The network node 110, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the UE 120, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, the RU 340, or any other component(s) of Figs.1, 2, or 3 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with transmission scaling for UWB communications, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, any other component(s) of Fig.2, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 700 of Fig.7, process 800 of Fig.8, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors). The memory 242 may store data and program codes for the network node 110, the network node 110, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340. The memory 282 may store data and program codes for the UE 120. In some examples, the memory 242 or the memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions (for example, code or program code) for wireless communication. The memory 242 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types). The memory 282 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types). For example, the set of instructions, when executed (for example, directly, or after compiling, converting, or interpreting) by one or more processors of the network node 110, the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 700 of Fig.7, process 800 of Fig.8, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples. 0097-5119PCT 27

[0091] In some aspects, a transmitting device (for example, the UE 120) includes means for calculating a plurality of scaling factors, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of a communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel, and wherein the communication channel is an UWB sidelink communication channel; and / or means for transmitting a signal over the communication channel using the plurality of scaling factors. In some aspects, the means for the transmitting device to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.

[0092] In some aspects, a receiving device 125 (for example, the XR device) includes means for receiving a signal via a communication channel, wherein the communication channel is an UWB sidelink communication channel; means for obtaining a plurality of scaling factors associated with the signal, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of the communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel; and / or means for generating data using the signal and the plurality of scaling factors. In some aspects, the means for the receiving device to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.

[0093] Fig.4 is a diagram illustrating an example 400 of extended reality communications, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0094] An XR device may be a VR device, an AR device, or an MR device. In some cases, the XR device may be a VR headset or AR glasses. The XR device may be compatible with one or more other devices, such as a UE. The UE may be, for example, a smart phone, a smart watch, or wireless earbuds. In some cases, the XR device may need to be lightweight. For example, a weight of the AR glasses may need to be appropriate for long-time use “on the go” and may (or need to) be similar to ordinary glasses (for example, 30-40 grams). In some cases, the XR device may have limited processing complexity and power consumption, such as in accordance with a heat dissipation capability of the XR device. A rate of heat dissipation by the XR device may be slower than a rate of heat dissipation by the UE, for example, since the rate of heat dissipation is related to a surface area of the device. In one example, a power consumption limit that is based at least in part on a heat dissipation capability of the AR glasses may be limited to a few watts. In some cases, the XR device may need to have a limited power consumption to allow for a lightweight battery and a reasonable battery lifetime. In some cases, these requirements (for 0097-5119PCT 28example, light weight, limited processing complexity, and reduced power consumption) for the XR device may be difficult to achieve, for example, due to heavy processing requirements of XR applications. A standalone XR device may not be able to comply with the above requirements and may only be relevant for specific applications and short time usage scenarios which allow the XR device to assume a higher form factor, such as in the case of an HMD.

[0095] In some cases, a portion of the XR-related processing may be moved to a companion device, such as the UE. This may be referred to as a split XR approach and may reduce complexity on the side of the XR device. An example split XR approach may include moving some (for example, most) of the rendering related processing to a companion device, such as the UE. However, some processing functions may still need to be performed by the XR device for different end-to-end (E2E) considerations, such as a photon-to-motion latency requirement, an XR-to-companion-device wireless link capacity, and a communication link power consumption for long range links, among other examples. In some cases, even though the XR split approach may reduce power consumption at the XR device, the power consumption at the XR device may still be too high, even for less demanding video qualities and less demanding applications. Therefore, the XR split approach may not always allow the XR device to meet the above requirements, particularly in the case of technologically limiting factors and demanding XR applications (for example, frames-per-second (fps) greater than or equal to 120 fps) and video formats greater than or equal to 8K.

[0096] In one example, an XR split may be used for long-range communication links over a licensed spectrum with tight scheduling and staggering among different XR users of the XR device. In this case, capacity-per-user may be the primary limitation, and correspondingly, the XR device may need to employ some sensor processing locally to reduce uplink (UL) data volume, and the additional critical sensor and camera data from the XR UL and the rendered video for the XR device (downlink (DL)) may be compressed with a high compression factor (for example, due to a limited link capacity per user). Data pre-processing by a sensor of the XR device and video compression with a high compression factor (for example, a high profile H.264) may have high complexity (particularly for the encoder side) and may require extensive double data rate (DDR) usage for both transmission (Tx) and reception (Rx) path video processing. Due to a photon-to-motion latency requirement and network-node-based split related latencies, receiver-side processing at the XR device may include asynchronous time wrapping (ATW) for last-moment image alignment with the latest pose information.

[0097] In another example, a split XR may be used for XR processing offloading with tethering to a relatively close companion device (for example, the UE) or a processing split between the XR device, the companion device, and a network node. As shown in the example 400, an XR device 405 may communicate with a UE 120 via Wi-Fi (for example, Wi-Fi-D) or via 0097-5119PCT 29sidelink (for example, via 5G sidelink). The UE 120 may communicate with a network node 110 (for example, a base station) via radio communications (for example, 5G NR communications). The network node 110 may communicate with an edge node 410 (for example, a cloud) via the Internet. From the XR device perspective, the above split assumes a similar processing load and locally covered functionality on the XR device side but with a local short range communication link with the associated UE (for example, 5G NR sidelink or Wi-Fi) which allows for reductions to modem related power consumption. When employing an aggressive XR functionality split (for example, moving most of the processing to a companion device, such as the UE, or the network node), the XR device may function mostly as an input / output device. This may be followed across all of the functional components of the XR device, such as the physical layer (PHY) and modem.

[0098] In some cases, a complexity of the receiving device (such as the XR device 405) may be reduced by applying a pre-equalization at the transmitting device (such as the UE 120). Therefore, a complexity associated with applying the pre-equalization may be shifted from the receiving device to the transmitting device. Applying the pre-equalization at the transmitting device may allow for a complexity reduction at the receiving device without negatively impacting transmission performance. In some examples, a scaling factor may be applied at the transmitting device to enable a transmission to comply with a power constraint. For example, the scaling factor may be applied before the transmission in order to reduce a transmission power to be below a total transmission power limitation (e.g., a power limitation associated with a regulation or a power amplifier restriction).

[0099] UWB communications may be used for short-range, low-power, low-complexity, and low-latency communications, such as XR communications between the UE 120 and the XR device 405. In some cases, UWB communications may impose one or more transmission power limitations for average EIRP and peak EIRP. For example, a first limit (Limit 1) may indicate that the average EIRP at 1 ms is to be less than or equal to -41 dBm at 1 MHz. Additionally, or alternatively, a second limit (Limit 2) may indicate that a peak EIRP is to be less than or equal to 0 dBm at 50 MHz. A transmission power for UWB transmissions may be restricted at least by Limit 1. In some cases, applying a transmission pre-equalization using a single wideband scaling factor, for example, to impose a total aggregate transmit power constraint over all transmission antennas and over an entire signal bandwidth of the UWB channel, may result in a violation of an UWB restriction, such as Limit 1. For example, applying a single wideband scaling factor to a two-by-two MIMO transmission may result in a fluctuating PSD that violates (or partially violates) the UWB regulations. Thus, it may not be possible to reduce a transmission power for transmissions within the UWB spectrum using a single scaling factor, which may result in increased network resource consumption. Additionally, or alternatively, equalization for UWB 0097-5119PCT 30transmissions may need to be performed at the receiving device, which may result in increased processing resource consumption and increased battery consumption at the receiving device.

[0100] As indicated above, Fig.4 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig.4.

[0101] Fig.5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of transmission scaling for ultra- wideband communications, in accordance with the present disclosure. A transmitting device 505 may communicate with a receiving device 510. In some aspects, the transmitting device 505 may be a UE, such as the UE 120, and the receiving device 510 may be an XR device, such as the XR device 405. The transmitting device 505 and the receiving device 510 may communicate via a communication channel, such as an UWB channel.

[0102] As shown by reference number 515, the transmitting device 505 may calculate a plurality of scaling factors. Each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors may correspond to portion of a plurality of portions of the communication channel. In some aspects, each scaling factor may correspond to a 1 MHz portion of the communication channel. In some other aspects, each scaling factor may correspond to a portion of the communication channel having a different size (e.g., a size that is less than 1 MHz), such as a 0.5 MHz portion of the communication channel. In some aspects, a first portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel to be used for calculating the scaling factors may correspond to first 1 MHz portion (or other size portion) of the communication channel. In some other aspects, a first portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel to be used for calculating the scaling factors may correspond to a 1 MHz portion (or other size portion) of the communication channel that is not the first 1 MHz (or other size portion) of the communication channel.

[0103] In some aspects, calculating the scaling factors may include calculating the scaling factors using a pre-equalization matrix. For example, the scaling factors may be calculated using the pre-equalization matrix, rather than using an actual unscaled equalized transmission signal power measurement. In some aspects, using the actual signal power measurement for calculating the scaling factors may require averaging across all of the OFDM symbols that are to be transmitted over a 1 ms time period. In some other aspects, each OFDM symbol (or slot) may be measured and scaled separately. In some aspects, an average non-equalized signal power (across the 1 ms time period) may converge to 1 under a high transmission duty cycle. This may be assumed for constant modulus operations, such as quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) operations. In contrast, if a higher order modulation is used with a low transmission duty cycle, a backoff (BO) period may be introduced. Additionally, for Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) pre-equalization, there may be an additional margin or backoff that is related to a small remaining transmission power growth caused by the modulo operation.

[0104] In some aspects, the scaling factors may be calculated in accordance with the following: 0097-5119PCT 31where:SF is the scaling factor, B is the EIRP limit (per 1Mhz constraint for UWB), ^^is the transmission equalization matrix on a ^௧^resource element, and is a sub-group of resource element indices that span over the ^௧^1 MHz slice for the entire bandwidth.

[0105] In some aspects, calculating the plurality of scaling factors may include calculating the plurality of scaling factors a single time for each equalization matrix update period (e.g., evaluated every time when equalization matrix^^is adjusted). Alternatively, when there is no change in the equalization matrix, the scaling factors may be the same across all transmitted OFDM symbols and slots. In some aspects, the EIRP constraint may be defined in terms of an average power limit over a 1 ms time period. Correspondingly, a transmission scaling factor may also depend on the operational transmission duty cycle over the 1 ms time period duration (for a duty cycle that is less than 100%, the transmission power may be increased accordingly). A transmission duty cycle over 1 ms for a 1 MHz slice may be an additional parameter to be used for transmission scaling factor evaluation. For example, if the duty cycle is 50% within a 1 ms time period, the average EIRP limit may be increased by 3 decibels (dB) to -28 dBm at 1 MHz. In cases where the transmission duty cycle is variable, the transmission power and scaling factors per 1 MHz may be adjusted accordingly.

[0106] In some aspects, the transmitting device 505 may obtain an estimation of a downlink channel (e.g., a downlink channel H). In some aspects, obtaining the estimation of the downlink channel may include receiving an indication of the estimated channel from the receiving device 510. In this example, the channel estimation is performed at the receiving device 510. In some other aspects, obtaining the estimation of the downlink channel may include performing a channel estimation for the downlink channel using one or more downlink reference signal samples received from the receiving device 510. In this example, the channel estimation is performed at the transmitting device 505.

[0107] In some aspects, the transmitting device 505 may evaluate a plurality of frequency domain (FD) pre-equalization matrices (P) using the channel estimation for the downlink channel H. In some examples, P may be based at least in part on one or more noise variance coefficients (e.g., R_nn). The transmitting device 505 may calculate the plurality of scaling factors for each portion (e.g., each 1 MHz portion) of the communication channel using the plurality of FD pre- equalization matrices. In some aspects, the transmitting device 505 may apply the plurality of scaling factors to a pre-equalized signal. In some other aspects, the transmitting device 505 may 0097-5119PCT 32transmit the scaling factors (SF) using one or more pre-equalization matrices (P’(j) = SF(i) * P(j)).

[0108] As shown by reference number 520, the transmitting device 505 may transmit a signal over the communication channel (e.g., the UWB channel) using the plurality of scaling factors. In some aspects, the transmitting device 505 may generate the signal in accordance with applying the plurality of scaling factors to a pre-equalization signal. In some other aspects, the transmitting device 505 may transmit an indication of the scaling factors to the receiving device 510 (e.g., using the transmission equalization matrices).

[0109] As shown by reference number 525, the receiving device 510 may obtain a plurality of scaling factors. As described below, obtaining the plurality of scaling factors may include receiving the plurality of scaling factors and / or generating the plurality of scaling factors.

[0110] In a first example, obtaining the plurality of scaling factors may include receiving the plurality of scaling factors from the transmitting device 505. For example, the transmitting device 505 may transmit, and the receiving device 510 may receive, the plurality of scaling factors via a downlink channel. In some aspects, the received signal may be equalized up to the 1 MHz scaling factors and, after a descaling operation by the receiving device 510, a complete minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalized signal may be obtained to be used as an input for decoding processes at the receiving device 510. In some aspects, the scaling factors may be provided over a downlink control channel once (a single time) for each CSI or equalization matrix refresh period (e.g., each time that the P matrix is updated and / or for a certain quantity of downlink slots). In some aspects, the scaling factors may be signaled before (e.g., immediately before) the first downlink data symbol that is equalized with the updated (e.g., re-evaluated) FD equalization matrices.

[0111] In some aspects, for example, to achieve lower control data signaling overhead, different coding and / or compression techniques can be applied to the scaling factors. For example, a differential representation and / or a Max Lloyd quantization may be applied to the scaling factors to achieve lower control data overhead. In some aspects, for example, due to efficient scaling factor coding and quantization, minimal control signaling overhead may be needed to transmit the scaling factors once per CSI refresh cycle of the downlink control channel.

[0112] In a second example, the receiving device 510 may estimate the plurality of scaling factors. In some aspects, such as for high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and / or interference-free scenarios on the occupied bandwidth, scaling factors may not be signaled from the transmitting device 505 to the receiving device 510, and instead, the scaling factors may be estimated at the receiving device 510. In some aspects, the receiving device 510 may estimate the scaling factors blindly (e.g., without relying on any dedicated pilot signals). The receiving device 510 may 0097-5119PCT 33estimate the scaling factors using an RSRP and / or an RSSI associated with the equalized signal (per 1 MHz) across a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.

[0113] In some aspects, the scaling factors may be derived using an RSRP estimation. In some other aspects, such as for high SNR and interference-free scenarios, the scaling factors may be derived using the RSSI as a reasonable approximation of the RSRP (e.g., where RSSI = RSRP + noise). An expected equalized signal RSRP may be configured at the receiving device 510 and, in some examples, may be equal to 1. In some aspects, the scaling factor (per 1 MHz) may be derived as ^^^ൌwhere RSRPest is an estimated RSRP value and RSRPtargetis a target RSRP value. In some aspects, for example, to reduce a processing latency at the receiving device 510, the estimation may be performed using only a first symbol or a first few symbols that occur after a transmission equalization refresh is indicated over the downlink control channel. Since the scaling factors may not change within the CSI or transmission equalization refresh period, for later OFDM symbols within the same equalization refresh period (e.g., having the same transmission scaling factors), the estimation can be refined via additional averaging in time (e.g., more OFDM symbols can be used) for improved estimation accuracy.

[0114] In some aspects, the receiving device 510 may estimate a noise component (N) (e.g., a noise power component) separately, and may use the noise component to derive the RSRP measurements (e.g., where ^^^^ = ^^^^ െ ^^^^^). The noise component may be obtained, for example, using a zero-power reference signal, and may not be based on a channel estimation since there is no channel estimation on the receiving device side and since noise variance estimation on the receiving device side cannot be performed coupled to the channel estimation processes. In some examples, the zero-power reference signal may have a high density in the frequency domain, for example, to enable tracing of a noise-plus-interference power for each 1 MHz slice.

[0115] In a third example, the receiving device 510 may estimate the scaling factors (per 1 MHz) using a pre-equalized pilot signal. In an example where pilot symbols are sparse, such that there is a low number (e.g., below a threshold) of pilots per 1MHz slice that are allocated via a two-dimensional grid, the scaling factors can be estimated by averaging across time as follows:^ is a quantity of pilots used for ^^^estimation, ^^^is a scaling factor per 1MHz slice, ^ is a symbol index of the pilot, ^ is a resource element index of the pilot, ^^,^is a pilot reference symbol, is a received signal on symbol ^ and resource element ^, and|^| is a pilot amplitude (with constant modulus constellation as QPSK / BPSK).0097-5119PCT 34

[0116] This option may not require noise plus interference variance side information, for example, since noise and interference components may be eliminated by the averaging (which may span over a sufficient number of pilots). Additional details regarding these features are described in connection with Fig.6.

[0117] As shown by reference number 530, the receiving device 510 may generate data using the signal and the plurality of scaling factors. For example, the receiving device 510 may generate a pre-equalized signal that is based at least in part on the signal and the plurality of scaling factors. The receiving device 510 may perform one or more decoding operations using the pre-equalized signal.

[0118] As described herein, EIRP and transmission power constraint for UWB communications may be imposed per 1 MHz, where each 1 MHz bandwidth portion has a different PSD after transmission equalization is applied. In some aspects, selecting a single wideband transmission scaling factor that is too large to capture all of the PSD components (1 MHz portions) below an EIRP limit may result in a strong attenuation for all of the 1 MHz portions (while this strong attenuation may only be requires for some 1 MHz portions of the UWB spectrum). Therefore, attempting to comply with UWB regulations via wideband transmission scaling may impose a high transmission power noise (or, conversely, a receiving device side noise enhancement during receiving device descaling), which may result in an unacceptable signal degradation. In contrast, when transmission equalization is evaluated per 1 MHz portion, each 1 MHz portion may receive an appropriate transmission scaling to comply with UWB constraints while avoiding transmission power loss. Calculating the scaling factors at the transmitting device 505 may enable usage of pre-equalization-based transmission schemes over UWB (compliant with Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations), may have little or no impact on transmission equalization performance over the UWB spectrum (e.g., no performance penalty), may require little or no extra complexity at the receiving device 510, may add little or no latency on the UWB channel, and may require only minimal overhead (e.g., control data for signaling and / or reuse of equalized pilots for estimation), for example, since the scaling factors may be signaled or estimated only once per precoding matric refresh cycle.

[0119] As indicated above, Fig.5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig.5.

[0120] Fig.6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 of scaling factor estimation using pilot signals, in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0121] In some aspects, such as in the third example described in connection with Fig.5, a receiving device, such as the receiving device 510, may estimate the scaling factors (per 1 MHz) using a pre-equalized pilot signal. In some aspects, pre-equalized data 605 may include a plurality of pre-equalized reference signals 610 (e.g., pilot symbols). In an example where the 0097-5119PCT 35pilot symbols are sparse, such that there is a low number (e.g., below a threshold) of pilots per 1MHz slice that are allocated via a two-dimensional grid, the scaling factors can be estimated by averaging across time as follows:

[0122] This option may not require noise plus interference variance side information, for example, since noise and interference components may be eliminated by the averaging (which may span over a sufficient number of pilots). In some aspects, the pilot symbols may be allocated within each 1 MHz portion of the communication channel using a cyclic round robin operation over the 1 MHz portion of the communication channel and over resource elements across different OFDM symbols. For example, an allocation over each OFDM symbol may be a cyclic shift of the previous OFDM symbol.

[0123] As indicated above, Fig.6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig.6.

[0124] Fig.7 is a diagram illustrating an example process 700 performed, for example, at a transmitting device or an apparatus of a transmitting device, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 700 is an example where the apparatus or the transmitting device (e.g., transmitting device 505) performs operations associated with transmission scaling for ultra- wideband communications.

[0125] As shown in Fig.7, in some aspects, process 700 may include calculating a plurality of scaling factors, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of a communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel, and wherein the communication channel is an UWB sidelink communication channel (block 710). For example, the transmitting device (e.g., using communication manager 906, depicted in Fig.9) may calculate a plurality of scaling factors, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of a communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel, and wherein the communication channel is an UWB sidelink communication channel, as described above.

[0126] As further shown in Fig.7, in some aspects, process 700 may include transmitting a signal over the communication channel using the plurality of scaling factors (block 720). For example, the transmitting device (e.g., using transmission component 904 and / or communication manager 906, depicted in Fig.9) may transmit a signal over the communication channel using the plurality of scaling factors, as described above. 0097-5119PCT 36

[0127] Process 700 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0128] In a first aspect, process 700 includes receiving an indication of a channel estimation for the communication channel.

[0129] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 700 includes receiving downlink reference signal information, and performing a channel estimation for the communication channel using the downlink reference signal information.

[0130] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, process 700 includes obtaining a plurality of frequency domain pre-equalization matrices for the communication channel in accordance with a channel estimation for the communication channel.

[0131] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, calculating the plurality of scaling factors comprises calculating, for each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel, a scaling factor using one or more frequency domain pre-equalization matrices of the plurality of frequency domain pre-equalization matrices.

[0132] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, process 700 includes generating the signal in accordance with applying the plurality of scaling factors to a pre-equalization signal.

[0133] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, process 700 includes transmitting an indication of the plurality of scaling factors.

[0134] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, calculating the plurality of scaling factors comprises calculating each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors using an equalization matrix associated with the communication channel.

[0135] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, calculating the plurality of scaling factors comprises calculating, for a portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel, an average scaling factor for a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols to be transmitted over the portion of the communication channel.

[0136] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, calculating the plurality of scaling factors comprises calculating, for a portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel, a plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a respective plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols to be transmitted over the portion of the communication channel. 0097-5119PCT 37

[0137] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, calculating the plurality of scaling factors comprises calculating a scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors using an effective isotropic radiated power parameter for a portion of the communication channel associated with the scaling factor, a transmission equalization matrix for one or more resource elements, and a portion of resource element indices of a plurality of resource element indices that span the portion of the communication channel.

[0138] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, calculating the plurality of scaling factors comprises calculating the plurality of scaling factors at each equalization matrix update period of a plurality of equalization matrix update periods.

[0139] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the transmitting device is a user equipment, and wherein transmitting the plurality of scaling factors comprises transmitting the plurality of scaling factors to an extended reality device.

[0140] Although Fig.7 shows example blocks of process 700, in some aspects, process 700 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig.7. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 700 may be performed in parallel.

[0141] Fig.8 is a diagram illustrating an example process 800 performed, for example, at a receiving device or an apparatus of a receiving device, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 800 is an example where the apparatus or the receiving device (e.g., receiving device 510) performs operations associated with transmission scaling for ultra-wideband communications.

[0142] As shown in Fig.8, in some aspects, process 800 may include receiving a signal via a communication channel, wherein the communication channel is an UWB sidelink communication channel (block 810). For example, the receiving device (e.g., using reception component 1002 and / or communication manager 1006, depicted in Fig.10) may receive a signal via a communication channel, wherein the communication channel is an UWB sidelink communication channel, as described above.

[0143] As further shown in Fig.8, in some aspects, process 800 may include obtaining a plurality of scaling factors associated with the signal, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of the communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel (block 820). For example, the receiving device (e.g., using reception component 1002 and / or communication manager 1006, depicted in Fig.10) may obtain a plurality of scaling factors associated with the signal, each scaling factor of the plurality of 0097-5119PCT 38scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of the communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel, as described above.

[0144] As further shown in Fig.8, in some aspects, process 800 may include generating data using the signal and the plurality of scaling factors (block 830). For example, the receiving device (e.g., using communication manager 1006, depicted in Fig.10) may generate data using the signal and the plurality of scaling factors, as described above.

[0145] Process 800 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0146] In a first aspect, obtaining the plurality of scaling factors comprises receiving the plurality of scaling factors from a user equipment.

[0147] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 800 includes performing a descaling operation using the plurality of scaling factors, wherein each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors is equalized for a corresponding portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel.

[0148] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, receiving the plurality of scaling factors comprises receiving the plurality of scaling factors via a downlink channel for each equalization matrix update period of a plurality of equalization matrix update periods.

[0149] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, receiving the plurality of scaling factors comprises receiving a compressed representation of the plurality of scaling factors.

[0150] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, obtaining the plurality of scaling factors comprises generating the plurality of scaling factors at the receiving device.

[0151] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, generating the plurality of scaling factors comprises generating, for a scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors, the scaling factor using at least one of a reference signal received power indicator or a reference signal strength indicator, wherein the reference signal received power indicator or the reference signal strength indicator is equalized across a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols associated with a portion of the communication channel corresponding to the scaling factor.

[0152] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, generating the plurality of scaling factors comprises generating the plurality of scaling 0097-5119PCT 39factors using a first portion of symbols that occur after a transmission equalization refresh indication indicated by a downlink control channel.

[0153] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, process 800 includes estimating, for a portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel, a noise component, and generating a reference signal received power indicator for the portion of the communication channel using the estimated noise component, wherein generating the plurality of scaling factors comprises generating the plurality of scaling factors using the reference signal received power indicator.

[0154] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, estimating the noise component comprises estimating the noise component without performing a channel estimation, and wherein generating the reference signal received power indicator comprises subtracting the estimated noise component from a reference signal strength indicator.

[0155] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, process 800 includes receiving a plurality of pilot signals, wherein obtaining the plurality of scaling factors comprises generating the plurality of scaling factors using the plurality of pilot signals.

[0156] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, generating the plurality of scaling factors using the plurality of pilot signals comprises averaging the plurality of pilot signals across each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel in accordance with a quantity of pilot signals of the plurality of pilot signals being below a threshold.

[0157] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the plurality of pilot signals are allocated to each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel in accordance with a cyclic round robin operation.

[0158] Although Fig.8 shows example blocks of process 800, in some aspects, process 800 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig.8. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 800 may be performed in parallel.

[0159] Fig.9 is a diagram of an example apparatus 900 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 900 may be a transmitting device, or a transmitting device may include the apparatus 900. In some aspects, the apparatus 900 includes a reception component 902, a transmission component 904, and / or a communication manager 906, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some aspects, the communication manager 906 is the communication manager 140 described in connection with Fig.1. As shown, the apparatus 900 0097-5119PCT 40may communicate with another apparatus 908, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station), using the reception component 902 and the transmission component 904.

[0160] In some aspects, the apparatus 900 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs.5-6. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 900 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 700 of Fig.7, process 800 of Fig.8, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 900 and / or one or more components shown in Fig.9 may include one or more components of the transmitting device described in connection with Fig.2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig.9 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig.2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.

[0161] The reception component 902 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 908. The reception component 902 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 900. In some aspects, the reception component 902 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 900. In some aspects, the reception component 902 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the transmitting device described in connection with Fig.2.

[0162] The transmission component 904 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 908. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 900 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 904 for transmission to the apparatus 908. In some aspects, the transmission component 904 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 908. In some 0097-5119PCT 41aspects, the transmission component 904 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the transmitting device described in connection with Fig.2. In some aspects, the transmission component 904 may be co-located with the reception component 902 in one or more transceivers.

[0163] The communication manager 906 may support operations of the reception component 902 and / or the transmission component 904. For example, the communication manager 906 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 902 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 904. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 906 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 902 and / or the transmission component 904 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.

[0164] The communication manager 906 may calculate a plurality of scaling factors, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of a communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel, and wherein the communication channel is an UWB sidelink communication channel. The transmission component 904 may transmit a signal over the communication channel using the plurality of scaling factors.

[0165] The reception component 902 may receive an indication of a channel estimation for the communication channel. The reception component 902 may receive downlink reference signal information. The communication manager 906 may perform a channel estimation for the communication channel using the downlink reference signal information. The reception component 902 may obtain a plurality of frequency domain pre-equalization matrices for the communication channel in accordance with a channel estimation for the communication channel. The communication manager 906 may generate the signal in accordance with applying the plurality of scaling factors to a pre-equalization signal. The transmission component 904 may transmit an indication of the plurality of scaling factors.

[0166] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig.9 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig.9. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig.9 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig.9 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig.9 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 9. 0097-5119PCT 42

[0167] Fig.10 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1000 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1000 may be a receiving device, or a receiving device may include the apparatus 1000. In some aspects, the apparatus 1000 includes a reception component 1002, a transmission component 1004, and / or a communication manager 1006, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). In some aspects, the communication manager 1006 is the communication manager 150 described in connection with Fig.1. As shown, the apparatus 1000 may communicate with another apparatus 1008, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station), using the reception component 1002 and the transmission component 1004.

[0168] In some aspects, the apparatus 1000 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs.5-6. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1000 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 800 of Fig.8. In some aspects, the apparatus 1000 and / or one or more components shown in Fig.10 may include one or more components of the receiving device described in connection with Fig.2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig.10 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig.2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer- readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.

[0169] The reception component 1002 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1008. The reception component 1002 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1000. In some aspects, the reception component 1002 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples), and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1000. In some aspects, the reception component 1002 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the receiving device described in connection with Fig.2.

[0170] The transmission component 1004 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 0097-5119PCT 431008. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1000 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1004 for transmission to the apparatus 1008. In some aspects, the transmission component 1004 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples), and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1008. In some aspects, the transmission component 1004 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the receiving device described in connection with Fig.2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1004 may be co-located with the reception component 1002 in one or more transceivers.

[0171] The communication manager 1006 may support operations of the reception component 1002 and / or the transmission component 1004. For example, the communication manager 1006 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1002 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1004. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1006 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1002 and / or the transmission component 1004 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.

[0172] The reception component 1002 may receive a signal via a communication channel, wherein the communication channel is an UWB sidelink communication channel. The reception component 1002 may obtain a plurality of scaling factors associated with the signal, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of the communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel. The communication manager 1006 may generate data using the signal and the plurality of scaling factors.

[0173] The communication manager 1006 may perform a descaling operation using the plurality of scaling factors, wherein each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors is equalized for a corresponding portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel. The communication manager 1006 may estimate, for a portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel, a noise component. The communication manager 1006 may generate a reference signal received power indicator for the portion of the communication channel using the estimated noise component, wherein generating the plurality of scaling factors comprises generating the plurality of scaling factors using the reference signal received power indicator. The reception component 1002 may receive a plurality of pilot signals, wherein obtaining the 0097-5119PCT 44plurality of scaling factors comprises generating the plurality of scaling factors using the plurality of pilot signals.

[0174] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig.10 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig.10. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig.10 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig.10 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig.10 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 10.

[0175] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:

[0176] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a transmitting device, comprising: calculating a plurality of scaling factors, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of a communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel, and wherein the communication channel is an ultra-wideband (UWB) sidelink communication channel; and transmitting a signal over the communication channel using the plurality of scaling factors.

[0177] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, further comprising receiving an indication of a channel estimation for the communication channel.

[0178] Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, further comprising: receiving downlink reference signal information; and performing a channel estimation for the communication channel using the downlink reference signal information.

[0179] Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1-3, further comprising obtaining a plurality of frequency domain pre-equalization matrices for the communication channel in accordance with a channel estimation for the communication channel.

[0180] Aspect 5: The method of Aspect 4, wherein calculating the plurality of scaling factors comprises calculating, for each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel, a scaling factor using one or more frequency domain pre-equalization matrices of the plurality of frequency domain pre-equalization matrices.

[0181] Aspect 6: The method of Aspect 5, further comprising generating the signal in accordance with applying the plurality of scaling factors to a pre-equalization signal.

[0182] Aspect 7: The method of Aspect 5, further comprising transmitting an indication of the plurality of scaling factors. 0097-5119PCT 45

[0183] Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1-7, wherein calculating the plurality of scaling factors comprises calculating each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors using an equalization matrix associated with the communication channel.

[0184] Aspect 9: The method of Aspect 8, wherein calculating the plurality of scaling factors comprises calculating, for a portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel, an average scaling factor for a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols to be transmitted over the portion of the communication channel.

[0185] Aspect 10: The method of Aspect 8, wherein calculating the plurality of scaling factors comprises calculating, for a portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel, a plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a respective plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols to be transmitted over the portion of the communication channel.

[0186] Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 1-10, wherein calculating the plurality of scaling factors comprises calculating a scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors using an effective isotropic radiated power parameter for a portion of the communication channel associated with the scaling factor, a transmission equalization matrix for one or more resource elements, and a portion of resource element indices of a plurality of resource element indices that span the portion of the communication channel.

[0187] Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 1-11, wherein calculating the plurality of scaling factors comprises calculating the plurality of scaling factors at each equalization matrix update period of a plurality of equalization matrix update periods.

[0188] Aspect 13: The method of any of Aspects 1-12, wherein the transmitting device is a user equipment, and wherein transmitting the plurality of scaling factors comprises transmitting the plurality of scaling factors to an extended reality device.

[0189] Aspect 14: A method of wireless communication performed by a receiving device, comprising: receiving a signal via a communication channel, wherein the communication channel is an ultra-wideband (UWB) sidelink communication channel; obtaining a plurality of scaling factors associated with the signal, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of the communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel; and generating data using the signal and the plurality of scaling factors.

[0190] Aspect 15: The method of Aspect 14, wherein obtaining the plurality of scaling factors comprises receiving the plurality of scaling factors from a user equipment.

[0191] Aspect 16: The method of Aspect 15, further comprising performing a descaling operation using the plurality of scaling factors, wherein each scaling factor of the plurality of 0097-5119PCT 46scaling factors is equalized for a corresponding portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel.

[0192] Aspect 17: The method of Aspect 15, wherein receiving the plurality of scaling factors comprises receiving the plurality of scaling factors via a downlink channel for each equalization matrix update period of a plurality of equalization matrix update periods.

[0193] Aspect 18: The method of Aspect 15, wherein receiving the plurality of scaling factors comprises receiving a compressed representation of the plurality of scaling factors.

[0194] Aspect 19: The method of any of Aspects 14-18, wherein obtaining the plurality of scaling factors comprises generating the plurality of scaling factors at the receiving device.

[0195] Aspect 20: The method of Aspect 19, wherein generating the plurality of scaling factors comprises generating, for a scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors, the scaling factor using at least one of a reference signal received power indicator or a reference signal strength indicator, wherein the reference signal received power indicator or the reference signal strength indicator is equalized across a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols associated with a portion of the communication channel corresponding to the scaling factor.

[0196] Aspect 21: The method of Aspect 19, wherein generating the plurality of scaling factors comprises generating the plurality of scaling factors using a first portion of symbols that occur after a transmission equalization refresh indication indicated by a downlink control channel.

[0197] Aspect 22: The method of Aspect 19, further comprising: estimating, for a portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel, a noise component; and generating a reference signal received power indicator for the portion of the communication channel using the estimated noise component, wherein generating the plurality of scaling factors comprises generating the plurality of scaling factors using the reference signal received power indicator.

[0198] Aspect 23: The method of Aspect 22, wherein estimating the noise component comprises estimating the noise component without performing a channel estimation, and wherein generating the reference signal received power indicator comprises subtracting the estimated noise component from a reference signal strength indicator.

[0199] Aspect 24: The method of any of Aspects 14-23, further comprising receiving a plurality of pilot signals, wherein obtaining the plurality of scaling factors comprises generating the plurality of scaling factors using the plurality of pilot signals.

[0200] Aspect 25: The method of Aspect 24, wherein generating the plurality of scaling factors using the plurality of pilot signals comprises averaging the plurality of pilot signals across each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel in accordance with a quantity of pilot signals of the plurality of pilot signals being below a threshold. 0097-5119PCT 47

[0201] Aspect 26: The method of Aspect 25, wherein the plurality of pilot signals are allocated to each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel in accordance with a cyclic round robin operation.

[0202] Aspect 27: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-26.

[0203] Aspect 28: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-26.

[0204] Aspect 29: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-26.

[0205] Aspect 30: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-26.

[0206] Aspect 31: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-26.

[0207] Aspect 32: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-26.

[0208] Aspect 33: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-26.

[0209] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.

[0210] As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware or a combination of hardware and at least one of software or firmware. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or 0097-5119PCT 48functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a “processor” is implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, because those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.

[0211] As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples.

[0212] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (for example, a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a + a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0213] No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more.” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has,” “have,” “having,” and similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A may also have B). Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based on or otherwise in association with” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or,” unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with “either” or “only one of”). It should be understood that “one or more” is equivalent to “at least one.” 0097-5119PCT 49

[0214] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set. 0097-5119PCT 50

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitting device, comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the transmitting device to: calculate a plurality of scaling factors, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of a communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel, and wherein the communication channel is an ultra-wideband (UWB) sidelink communication channel; and transmit a signal over the communication channel using the plurality of scaling factors.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the transmitting device to receive an indication of a channel estimation for the communication channel.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the transmitting device to: receive downlink reference signal information; and perform a channel estimation for the communication channel using the downlink reference signal information.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the transmitting device to obtain a plurality of frequency domain pre-equalization matrices for the communication channel in accordance with a channel estimation for the communication channel.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the transmitting device to calculate the plurality of scaling factors, are configured to cause the transmitting device to calculate, for each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel, a scaling factor using one or more frequency domain pre-equalization matrices of the plurality of frequency domain pre-equalization matrices. 0097-5119PCT 516. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the transmitting device to generate the signal in accordance with applying the plurality of scaling factors to a pre-equalization signal.

7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the transmitting device to transmit an indication of the plurality of scaling factors.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the transmitting device to calculate the plurality of scaling factors, are configured to cause the transmitting device to calculate each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors using an equalization matrix associated with the communication channel.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the transmitting device to calculate the plurality of scaling factors, are configured to cause the transmitting device to calculate, for a portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel, an average scaling factor for a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols to be transmitted over the portion of the communication channel.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the transmitting device to calculate the plurality of scaling factors, are configured to cause the transmitting device to calculate, for a portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel, a plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a respective plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols to be transmitted over the portion of the communication channel.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the transmitting device to calculate the plurality of scaling factors, are configured to cause the transmitting device to calculate a scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors using an effective isotropic radiated power parameter for a portion of the communication channel associated with the scaling factor, a transmission equalization matrix for one or more resource elements, and a portion of resource element indices of a plurality of resource element indices that span the portion of the communication channel.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the transmitting device to calculate the plurality of scaling factors, are configured to cause the transmitting device to calculate the plurality of scaling factors at each equalization matrix update period of a plurality of equalization matrix update periods. 0097-5119PCT 5213. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transmitting device is a user equipment, and wherein transmitting the plurality of scaling factors comprises transmitting the plurality of scaling factors to an extended reality device.

14. An apparatus for wireless communication at a receiving device, comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the receiving device to: receive a signal via a communication channel, wherein the communication channel is an ultra-wideband (UWB) sidelink communication channel; obtain a plurality of scaling factors associated with the signal, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of the communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel; and generate data using the signal and the plurality of scaling factors.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the receiving device to obtain the plurality of scaling factors, are configured to cause the receiving device to receive the plurality of scaling factors from a user equipment.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the receiving device to perform a descaling operation using the plurality of scaling factors, wherein each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors is equalized for a corresponding portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the receiving device to receive the plurality of scaling factors, are configured to cause the receiving device to receive the plurality of scaling factors via a downlink channel for each equalization matrix update period of a plurality of equalization matrix update periods.

18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the receiving device to receive the plurality of scaling factors, are configured to cause the receiving device to receive a compressed representation of the plurality of scaling factors.

19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the receiving device to obtain the plurality of scaling factors, are configured to cause the receiving device to generate the plurality of scaling factors at the receiving device. 0097-5119PCT 5320. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the one or more processors, to generate the plurality of scaling factors, are configured to generate, for a scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors, the scaling factor using at least one of a reference signal received power indicator or a reference signal strength indicator, wherein the reference signal received power indicator or the reference signal strength indicator is equalized across a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing symbols associated with a portion of the communication channel corresponding to the scaling factor.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the receiving device to generate the plurality of scaling factors, are configured to cause the receiving device to generate the plurality of scaling factors using a first portion of symbols that occur after a transmission equalization refresh indication indicated by a downlink control channel.

22. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the receiving device to: estimate, for a portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel, a noise component; and generate a reference signal received power indicator for the portion of the communication channel using the estimated noise component, wherein generating the plurality of scaling factors comprises generating the plurality of scaling factors using the reference signal received power indicator.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein estimating the noise component comprises estimating the noise component without performing a channel estimation, and wherein generating the reference signal received power indicator comprises subtracting the estimated noise component from a reference signal strength indicator.

24. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the receiving device to receive a plurality of pilot signals, wherein obtaining the plurality of scaling factors comprises generating the plurality of scaling factors using the plurality of pilot signals.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the receiving device to generate the plurality of scaling factors using the plurality of pilot signals, are configured to cause the receiving device to average the plurality of pilot signals across each 0097-5119PCT 54portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel in accordance with a quantity of pilot signals of the plurality of pilot signals being below a threshold.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the plurality of pilot signals are allocated to each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel in accordance with a cyclic round robin operation.

27. A method of wireless communication performed by a transmitting device, comprising: calculating a plurality of scaling factors, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of a communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel, and wherein the communication channel is an ultra-wideband (UWB) sidelink communication channel; and transmitting a signal over the communication channel using the plurality of scaling factors.

28. The method of claim 27, further comprising obtaining a plurality of frequency domain pre-equalization matrices for the communication channel in accordance with a channel estimation for the communication channel, wherein calculating the plurality of scaling factors comprises calculating, for each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel, a scaling factor using one or more frequency domain pre-equalization matrices of the plurality of frequency domain pre-equalization matrices.

29. A method of wireless communication performed by a receiving device, comprising: receiving a signal via a communication channel, wherein the communication channel is an ultra-wideband (UWB) sidelink communication channel; obtaining a plurality of scaling factors associated with the signal, each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors corresponding to a portion of a plurality of portions of the communication channel, wherein each portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel is a one megahertz portion of the communication channel; and generating data using the signal and the plurality of scaling factors.

30. The method of claim 29, further comprising performing a descaling operation using the plurality of scaling factors, wherein each scaling factor of the plurality of scaling factors is equalized for a corresponding portion of the plurality of portions of the communication channel. 0097-5119PCT 55

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