Methods, architectures, apparatuses and systems for using low power wake-up signal (lp-wus) sequence selection based on energy storage status

Abstract

Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products comprising a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), configured for obtaining first information indicating a configuration associated with at least one low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) type, wherein the configuration comprises at least one reception duration, and at least one energy storage threshold; determining an activation of LP-WUS monitoring; determining a type of LP-WUS to monitor based on a comparison of an energy storage status of the WTRU and the at least one energy storage threshold; and receiving, from a network node, based on the determined type of LP-WUS and on the first information, at least one LP-WUS during the at least one reception duration.

Description

METHODS, ARCHITECTURES, APPARATUSES AND SYSTEMS FOR USING LOW POWER WAKE-UP SIGNAL (LP-WUS) SEQUENCE SELECTION BASED ON ENERGY STORAGE STATUSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 546,340 filed October 30, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure is generally directed to the fields of communications, software and encoding, including, for example, to methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems directed to low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) sequence type, for example to methods, apparatus, and systems for providing LP-WUS type and duration selection based on wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) types and energy7storage status.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0003] A more detailed understanding may be had from the detailed description below, given by way of example in conjunction with drawings appended hereto. Figures in such drawings, like the detailed description, are examples. As such, the Figures (FIGs.) and the detailed description are not to be considered limiting, and other equally effective examples are possible and likely. Furthermore, like reference numerals ("ref.") in the FIGs. indicate like elements, and wherein:

[0004] FIG. 1 A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system;

[0005] FIG. IB is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A;

[0006] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A;

[0007] FIG. ID is a system diagram illustrating a further example RAN and a further example CN that may be used within the communications system illustrated in FIG. 1A;

[0008] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a receiver architecture of a WTRU (e.g., UE) utilizing low-power wake-up receiver;

[0009] FIG. 3 depicts an example of generation of low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) with single-bit in 1 orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol;

[0010] FIG. 4 depicts an example of generation of LP-WUS with multiple-bits using frequency domain multiplexing in 1 OFDM symbol;

[0011] FIG. 5 depicts an example of generation of LP-WUS with multi-tone single-bit;

[0012] FIG. 6 depicts an example of generation of LP-WUS with Multiple-bits using time domain multiplexing in 1 OFDM symbol; and

[0013] FIG. 7 depicts a procedure for providing LP-WUS type and duration selection based on WTRU (e.g., UE) types and energy storage status; and

[0014] FIG. 8 depicts another procedure for providing LP-WUS type and duration selection based on WTRU (e.g., UE) types and energy storage status.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments and / or examples disclosed herein. However, it will be understood that such embodiments and examples may be practiced without some or all of the specific details set forth herein. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components and circuits have not been described in detail, so as not to obscure the following description. Further, embodiments and examples not specifically described herein may be practiced in lieu of, or in combination with, the embodiments and other examples described, disclosed or otherwise provided explicitly, implicitly and / or inherently (collectively "provided") herein. Although various embodiments are described and / or claimed herein in which an apparatus, system, device, etc., and / or any element thereof carries out an operation, process, algorithm, function, etc., and / or any portion thereof, it is to be understood that any embodiments described and / or claimed herein assume that any apparatus, system, device, etc., and / or any element thereof is configured to carry out any operation, process, algorithm, function, etc. and / or any portion thereof.

[0016] Example Communications System

[0017] The methods, apparatuses and systems provided herein are well-suited for communications involving both wired and wireless networks. An overview of various types of wireless devices and infrastructure is provided with respect to FIGs. 1 A-1D, where various elements of the network may utilize, perform, be arranged in accordance with and / or be adapted and / or configured for the methods, apparatuses and systems provided herein.

[0018] FIG. 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communications system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communications system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc., to multiple wireless users. The communications system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communications systems 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail (ZT) unique-word (UW) discreet Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block- filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), and the like.

[0019] As shown in FIG. 1A, the communications system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104 / 113, a core network (CN) 106 / 115, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, though it will be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs. base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to as a "station" and / or a "STA", may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include (or be) a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi- Fi device, an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (EIMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery), an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts), a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a WTRU (e.g., UE).

[0020] The communications systems 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 1 14b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, e.g., to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or the networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be any of a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node-B (NB), an eNode-B (eNB), a Home Node-B (HNB), a Home eNode-B (HeNB), a gNode-B (gNB), a NR Node-B (NR NB), a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. While the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be appreciated that the base stations 114a. 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0021] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC). relay nodes, etc. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies,which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be in licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage for a wireless service to a specific geographical area that may be relatively fixed or that may change over time. The cell may further be divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in an embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each or any sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[0022] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF). micro wave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 1 16 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0023] More specifically, as noted above, the communications system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0024] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA). which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0025] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR Radio Access, which may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0026] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for instance using dual connectivity (DC) principles. Thus, the air interface utilized by WTRUs 102a. 102b,102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., an eNB and a gNB).

[0027] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e.. Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability' for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 IX, CDMA2000 EV -DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856). Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). GSM EDGE (GERAN). and the like.

[0028] The base station 1 14b in FIG. 1 A may be a wireless router, Home Node-B, Home eNode- B, or access point, for example, and may utilize any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity' in a localized area, such as a place of business, a home, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a roadway, and the like. In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802. 11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802. 15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish any of a small cell, picocell or femtocell. As shown in FIG. 1A, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b may not be required to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115.

[0029] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have varying quality of sen-ice (QoS) requirements, such as differing throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, and the like. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity', video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although not shown in FIG. 1 A, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may be utilizing an NR radio technology7, the CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing any of a GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or Wi-Fi radio technology.

[0030] The CN 106 / 115 may also serve as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include circuit-switched telephone networks that provide plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP) and / or the internet protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communications networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 114 or a different RAT.

[0031] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g.. the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links). For example, the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1 A may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0032] FIG. IB is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. As shown in FIG. IB, the WTRU 102 may include a processor 1 18, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132. a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other elements / peripherals 138, among others. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements wfiile remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0033] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. While FIG. IB depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together, e.g., in an electronic package or chip.

[0034] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit signals to, or receive signals from, a base station (e.g., the base station 114a) over the air interface 116. For example, in an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example. In an embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and light signals. It will be appreciated that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0035] Although the transmit / receive element 122 is depicted in FIG. IB as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. For example, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0036] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate the signals that are to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate the signals that are received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802. 11, for example.

[0037] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to, and may receive user input data from, the speaker / microphone 124. the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, any type of suitable memory, such as the non-removable memory 130 and / or the removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include random-access memory (RAM), readonly memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0038] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control the power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0039] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136. which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or in lieu of, the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information over the air interface 116 from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) and / or determine its location based on the timing of the signals being received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by way of any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0040] The processor 118 may further be coupled to other elements / peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules / units that provide additional features, functionality and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the elements / peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an e-compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (e.g., for photographs and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, and the like. The elements / peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors, the sensors may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor; a geolocation sensor; an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0041] The WTRU 102 may include a full duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for both the uplink (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full duplex radio may include an interference management unit to reduce and or substantially eliminate self-interference via either hardware (e.g., a choke) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with particular subframes for either the uplink (e.g., for transmission) or the downlink (e.g., for reception)).

[0042] FIG. 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology tocommunicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0043] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a. 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In an embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNode-B 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.

[0044] Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL). and the like. As shown in FIG. 1C, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another over an X2 interface.

[0045] The CN 106 shown in FIG. 1 C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 106, it will be appreciated that any one of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0046] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in the RAN 104 via an SI interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0047] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a. 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via the SI interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring user planes during inter-eNode-B handovers, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. managing and storing contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0048] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0049] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b. 102c with access to the other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other sendee providers.

[0050] Although the WTRU is described in FIGs. 1A-1D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments that such a terminal may use (e.g., temporarily or permanently) wired communication interfaces with the communication network.

[0051] In representative embodiments, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0052] A WLAN in infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have an access or an interface to a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic into and / or out of the BSS. Traffic to STAs that originates from outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and may be delivered to the STAs. Traffic originating from STAs to destinations outside the BSS may be sent to the AP to be delivered to respective destinations. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, where the source STA may send traffic to the AP and the AP may deliver the traffic to the destination STA. The traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. The peer-to-peer traffic may be sent between (e.g., directly between) the source and destination STAs with a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use an 802.1 le DLS or an 802. 1 Iz tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an Independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and the STAs (e.g.. all of the STAs) within or using the IBSS may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS mode of communication may sometimes be referred to herein as an "ad-hoc" mode of communication.

[0053] When using the 802.1 lac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operations, the AP may transmit a beacon on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g.. 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a dynamically set width via signaling. The primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS and may be used by the STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example in in 802.11 systems. For CSMA / CA, the STAs (e.g., every STA), including the AP, may sense theprimary’ channel. If the primary7channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g.. only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0054] High throughput (HT) STAs may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, for example, via a combination of the primary 20 MHz channel with an adjacent or nonadj acent 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0055] Very7high throughput (VHT) STAs may support 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz wide channels. The 40 MHz, and / or 80 MHz, channels may be formed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining 8 contiguous 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels, which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. For the 80+80 configuration, the data, after channel encoding, may be passed through a segment parser that may divide the data into two streams. Inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) processing, and time domain processing, may be done on each stream separately. The streams may be mapped on to the two 80 MHz channels, and the data may be transmitted by a transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above-described operation for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be sent to a medium access control (MAC) layer, entity, etc.

[0056] Sub 1 GHz modes of operation are supported by 802.11af and 802.11 ah. The channel operating bandwidths, and carriers, are reduced in 802.11 af and 802. 11 ah relative to those used in 802. 1 In, and 802. 1 lac. 802.1 laf supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV white space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802. 11 ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz. 4 MHz, 8 MHz. and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802. 11 ah may support meter type control / machine-type communications (MTC), such as MTC devices in a macro coverage area. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, for example, limited capabilities including support for (e.g., only support for) certain and / or limited bandwidths. The MTC devices may include a battery with a battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long batten- life).

[0057] WLAN systems, which may support multiple channels, and channel bandwidths, such as 802.1 In, 802.1 lac. 802. 1 laf, and 802.11ah, include a channel which may be designated as the primary channel. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by a STA, from among all STAs in operating in a BSS, which supports the smallest bandwidth operating mode. In the example of 802. 1 lah, the primary channel may be 1 MHz wide for STAs (e.g., MTC t pe devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1 MHz mode,even if the AP, and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) settings may depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, due to a STA (which supports only a 1 MHz operating mode), transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency bands may be considered busy even though a majority of the frequency bands remains idle and may be available.

[0058] In the United States, the available frequency bands, which may be used by 802. 1 lah, are from 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In Korea, the available frequency bands are from 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are from 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11 ah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz depending on the country code.

[0059] FIG. ID is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115 according to an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 113 may employ an NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 1 16. The RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.

[0060] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b. 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology7. For example, gNBs 180a, 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit signals to and / or receive signals from the WTRUs 102a, 102b. 102c. Thus, the gNB 180a. for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology'. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology'. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0061] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable numerology. For example, OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframe or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various orscalable lengths (e.g., including a vary ing number of OFDM symbols and / or lasting varying lengths of absolute time).

[0062] The gNBs 180a. 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without also accessing other RANs (e.g., such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c). In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may utilize one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as a mobility anchor point. In the standalone configuration, WTRUs 102a, 102b. 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non- standalone configuration WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with / connect to gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating with / connecting to another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b. 160c. For example, WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement DC principles to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In the non-standalone configuration, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may serve as a mobility' anchor for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for servicing WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0063] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DE, support of network slicing, dual connectivity7, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards user plane functions (UPFs) 184a. 184b. routing of control plane information towards access and mobility management functions (AMFs) 182a, 182b, and the like. As shown in FIG. 1 D, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with one another over an Xn interface.

[0064] The CN 115 shown in FIG. ID may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b. at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and at least one Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While each of the foregoing elements are depicted as part of the CN 115, it will be appreciated that any of these elements may7be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0065] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a. 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N2 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, support for network slicing (e.g., handling of different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, management of the registration area, termination of NAS signaling, mobility management, and the like. Network slicing may be usedby the AMF 182a, 182b, e.g., to customize CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the types of services being utilized WTRUs 102a. 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, services for MTC access, and / or the like. The AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi.

[0066] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to an AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via an N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to a UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via an N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating WTRU (e.g., UE) IP address, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notifications, and the like. A PDU session ty pe may be IP-based, non-IP based, Ethernet-based, and the like.

[0067] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, e.g., to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multihomed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing mobility anchoring, and the like.

[0068] The CN 115 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include, or may communicate with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) server) that serves as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to the other netw orks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks that are owned and / or operated by other service providers. In an embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to a local Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b through the UPF 184a, 184b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a. 185b.

[0069] In view of FIGs. 1 A-1D, and the corresponding description of FIGs. 1 A-1D, one or more, or all, of the functions described herein with regard to any of: WTRUs 102a-d, base stations 114a- b. eNode-Bs 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNBs 180a-c, AMFs 182a-b, UPFs 184a- b. SMFs 183a-b. DNs 185a-b, and / or any other element(s) / device(s) described herein, may beperformed by one or more emulation elements / devices (not shown). The emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more, or all, of the functions described herein. For example, the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or to simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0070] The emulation devices may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and / or in an operator network environment. For example, the one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, or all, functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The emulation device may be directly coupled to another device for purposes of testing and / or may performing testing using over-the-air wireless communications.

[0071] The one or more emulation devices may perform the one or more, including all, functions while not being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the emulation devices may be utilized in a testing scenario in a testing laboratory and / or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication network in order to implement testing of one or more components. The one or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communications via RF circuitry (e.g., which may include one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0072] Provided below are acronyms / abbreviations for terms and phrases commonly used in this application:

[0073] Af Sub-carrier spacing

[0074] gNB NR NodeB

[0075] AP Aperiodic

[0076] BFR Beam Failure Recovery

[0077] BFD-RS Beam Failure Detection-Reference Signal

[0078] BLER Block Error Rate

[0079] BWP Bandwidth Part

[0080] CA Carrier Aggregation

[0081] CB Contention-Based (e.g., access, channel, resource)

[0082] CCA Clear Channel Assessment

[0083] CDM Code Division Multiplexing

[0084] CG Cell Group

[0085] CLI Cross-Link Interference

[0086] CoMP Coordinated Multi-Point transmission / reception

[0087] COT Channel Occupancy Time

[0088] CP Cyclic Prefix

[0089] CPE Common Phase Error

[0090] CP-OFDM Conventional OFDM (relying on cyclic prefix)

[0091] CQI Channel Quality Indicator

[0092] CN Core Network (e.g., LTE packet core or NR core)

[0093] CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check

[0094] CSI Channel State Information

[0095] CSI-RS Channel State Information-Reference Signal

[0096] CU Central Unit

[0097] D2D Device to Device transmissions (e.g., LTE Sidelink)

[0098] DC Dual Connectivity

[0099] DCI Downlink Control Information

[0100] DL Downlink

[0101] DM-RS Demodulation Reference Signal

[0102] DRB Data Radio Bearer

[0103] DU Distributed Unit

[0104] EN-DC E-UTRA NR Dual Connectivity7

[0105] EPC Evolved Packet Core

[0106] FD-CDM Frequency Domain-Code Division Multiplexing

[0107] FDD Frequency Division Duplexing

[0108] FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0109] FSK Frequency Shift Keying

[0110] ICI Inter-Cell Interference[oni] ICIC Inter-Cell Interference Cancellation

[0112] IP Internet Protocol

[0113] LBT Listen-Before-Talk

[0114] LCH Logical Channel

[0115] LCID Logical Channel Identity

[0116] LCP Logical Channel Prioritization

[0117] LLC Low Latency Communications

[0118] LP-WUS Low Power Wake-Up Signal

[0119] LP-WUR Low Power Wake-Up Receiver

[0120] LTE Long Term Evolution e.g., from 3GPP LTE R8 and up

[0121] MAC Medium Access Control

[0122] MAC CE Medium Access Control Control Element

[0123] NACK Negative ACK

[0124] MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast System

[0125] MCG Master Cell Group

[0126] MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme

[0127] MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output

[0128] MR Main Radio

[0129] MTC Machine-Type Communications

[0130] MR-DC Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity

[0131] NAS Non-Access Stratum

[0132] NCB-RS New candidate beam-Reference Signal

[0133] NE-DC NR-RAN - E-UTRA Dual Connectivity

[0134] NR New Radio

[0135] NR-DC Dual Connectivity with

[0136] OCC Orthogonal Cover Code

[0137] OFDM Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

[0138] OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access

[0139] OOB Out-Of-Band (emissions)

[0140] OOK On Off Keying

[0141] Pcmax Total available WTRU (e.g., UE) power in a given transmission interval

[0142] Pcell Primary cell of Master Cell Group

[0143] PCG Primary Cell Group

[0144] PDU Protocol Data Unit

[0145] PER Packet Error Rate

[0146] PHY Physical Layer

[0147] PLMN Public Land Mobile Network

[0148] PLR Packet Loss Rate

[0149] PRACH Physical Random-Access Channel

[0150] PRB Physical Resource Block

[0151] PRI PUCCH Resource Indicator

[0152] PRS Positioning Reference Signal

[0153] Pscell Primary cell of a Secondary cell group

[0154] PSS Primary Synchronization Signal

[0155] PT-RS Phase Tracking-Reference Signal

[0156] QoS Quality of Service (from the physical layer perspective)

[0157] RAB Radio Access Bearer

[0158] RAN PA Radio Access Network Paging Area

[0159] RACH Random Access Channel (or procedure)

[0160] RAR Random Access Response

[0161] RAT Radio Access Technology

[0162] RB Resource Block

[0163] RCU Radio access network Central Unit

[0164] RF Radio Front end

[0165] RE Resource Element

[0166] RLF Radio Link Failure

[0167] RLM Radio Link Monitoring

[0168] RNTI Radio Network Identifier

[0169] RO Random Access Occasion

[0170] ROM Read-Only Mode (for MBMS)

[0171] RRC Radio Resource Control

[0172] RRM Radio Resource Management

[0173] RS Reference Signal

[0174] RSRP Reference Signal Received Power

[0175] RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality

[0176] RTT Round-Trip Time

[0177] SBFD Subband non-overlapping full duplex

[0178] SCG Secondary Cell Group

[0179] SCMA Single Carrier Multiple Access

[0180] SCS Sub-Carrier Spacing

[0181] SDU Service Data Unit

[0182] SI System Information

[0183] SOM Spectrum Operation Mode

[0184] SP Semi-persistent

[0185] SpCell Primary cell of a master or secondary cell group.

[0186] SRB Signaling Radio Bearer

[0187] SS Synchronization Signal

[0188] SRS Sounding Reference Signal

[0189] SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal

[0190] SUL Supplementary UpLink

[0191] SWG Switching Gap (in a self-contained subframe)

[0192] TB Transport Block

[0193] TBS Transport Block Size

[0194] TCI Transmission Configuration Index

[0195] TDD Time-Division Duplexing

[0196] TDM Time-Division Multiplexing

[0197] TI Time Interval (in integer multiple of one or more symbols)

[0198] TTI Transmission Time Interval (in integer multiple of one or more symbols)

[0199] TRP Transmission / Reception Point

[0200] TRPG Transmission / Reception Point Group

[0201] TRS Tracking Reference Signal

[0202] TRx Transceiver

[0203] UL Uplink

[0204] URC Ultra-Reliable Communications

[0205] URLLC Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications

[0206] V2X Vehicular communications

[0207] WLAN Wireless Local Area Networks and related technologies (IEEE 802. xx domain)

[0208] XDD Cross Division Duplex

[0209] A WTRU (e.g., UE) may transmit or receive a physical channel or reference signal according to at least one spatial domain filter. The term "beam" may be used to refer to a spatial domain filter.

[0210] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may transmit a physical channel or signal using the same spatial domain filter as the spatial domain filter used for receiving an RS (such as CSI-RS) or a SS block. The WTRU (e.g., UE) transmission may be referred to as "target", and the received RS or SS block may be referred to as "reference" or "source". In such case, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may be said to transmit the target physical channel or signal according to a spatial relation with a reference to such RS or SS block.

[0211] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may transmit a first physical channel or signal according to the same spatial domain filter as the spatial domain filter used for transmitting a second physical channel or signal. The first and second transmissions may be referred to as "target" and "reference" (or "source"), respectively. In such case, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may be said to transmit the first (target) physical channel or signal according to a spatial relation with a reference to the second (reference) physical channel or signal.

[0212] A spatial relation may be implicit, configured by RRC or signaled by MAC CE or DCI. For example, a WTRU (e.g., UE) may (e.g., implicitly) transmit PUSCH and DM-RS of PUSCH according to the same spatial domain filter as an SRS indicated by an SRI indicated in DCI or configured by RRC. In another example, a spatial relation may be configured by RRC for an SRS resource indicator (SRI) or signaled by MAC CE for a PUCCH. Such spatial relation may also be referred to as a "beam indication".

[0213] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a first (target) downlink channel or signal according to the same spatial domain filter or spatial reception parameter as a second (reference) downlink channel or signal. For example, such association may exist between a physical channel such as PDCCH or PDSCH and its respective DM-RS. At least when the first and second signals are reference signals, such association may exist when the WTRU (e.g., UE) is configured with a quasi-colocation (QCL) assumption type D between corresponding antenna ports. Such association may be configured as a TCI (transmission configuration indicator) state. A WTRU (e.g., UE) may be indicated an association between a CSI-RS or SS block and a DM-RS by an index to a set of TCI states configured by RRC and / or signaled by MAC CE. Such indication may also be referred to as a "beam indication".

[0214] Hereafter, a TRP (e.g., transmission and reception point) may be interchangeably used with one or more of TP (transmission point), RP (reception point), RRH (radio remote head), DA (distributed antenna). BS (base station), a sector (of a BS). and a cell (e.g.. a geographical cell areaserved by a BS), but still consistent with this invention. Hereafter, multi-TRP may be interchangeably used with one or more of MTRP, M-TRP, and multiple TRPs, but still consistent with this invention.

[0215] A WTRU (e.g., UE) may report a subset of channel state information (CSI) components, where CSI components may correspond to at least a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), a SSB resource indicator (SSBRI), an indication of a panel used for reception at the WTRU (e.g., UE) (such as a panel identity or group identity), measurements such as Ll-RSRP, Ll-SINR taken from SSB or CSI-RS (e.g. cri-RSRP, cri-SINR. ssb-lndex-RSRP, ssb-lndex-SINR). and other channel state information such as at least rank indicator (RI), channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), Layer Index (LI), and / or the like.

[0216] A WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block. The SS / PBCH block (SSB) may include a primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and physical broadcast channel (PBCH). The WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor, receive, or attempt to decode an SSB during initial access, initial synchronization, radio link monitoring (RLM), cell search, cell switching, and so forth.

[0217] A WTRU (e g., UE) may measure and report the channel state information (CSI). wherein the CSI for each connection mode may include or be configured with one or more of following: (1) CSI report configuration, (2) CSI-RS resource set; and / or (3) NZP CSI-RS resources.

[0218] CSI report configuration may include one or more of the following: (1) CSI report quantity (e.g., Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Rank Indicator (RI), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), Layer Indicator (LI), etc.); (2) CSI report type (e.g., aperiodic, semi persistent, periodic); (3) CSI report codebook configuration (e g., Type I, Type II, Type II port selection, etc.); and / or (4) CSI report frequency.

[0219] CSI-RS resource set may include one or more of the following CSI Resource settings: (1) NZP-CSI-RS resource for channel measurement; (2) NZP-CSI-RS resource for interference measurement; and / or (3) CSI-IM resource for interference measurement.

[0220] NZP CSI-RS resources may include one or more of the following: (1) NZP CSI-RS resource ID; (2) periodicity and offset; (3) QCL info and TCI-state; and / or (4) resource mapping, e.g., number of ports, density, CDM type, etc.

[0221] A WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate, determine, or be configured with one or more reference signals. The WTRU (e g., UE) may monitor, receive, and measure one or more parameters based on the respective reference signals. For example, one or more of the following may apply. The following parameters are non-limiting examples of the parameters that may be included inreference signal(s) measurements. One or more of these parameters may be included. Other parameters may be included.

[0222] SS reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) may be measured based on the synchronization signals (e.g., demodulation reference signal (DMRS) in PBCH or SSS). It may be defined as the linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements (RE) that carry the respective synchronization signal. In measuring the RSRP, power scaling for the reference signals may be required. In case SS-RSRP is used for Ll-RSRP. the measurement may be accomplished based on CSI reference signals in addition to the synchronization signals.

[0223] CSI-RSRP may be measured based on the linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements (RE) that carry the respective CSI-RS. The CSI-RSRP measurement may be configured within measurement resources for the configured CSI-RS occasions.

[0224] SS signal-to-noise and interference ration (SS-SINR) may be measured based on the synchronization signals (e.g., DMRS in PBCH or SSS). It may be defined as the linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements (RE) that carry the respective synchronization signal divided by the linear average of the noise and interference power contribution. In case SS-SINR is used for L 1 -SINR, the noise and interference power measurement may be accomplished based on resources configured by higher layers.

[0225] CSI-SINR may be measured based on the linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements (RE) that cany7the respective CSI-RS divided by the linear average of the noise and interference power contribution. In case CSI-SINR is used for LI -SINR, the noise and interference power measurement may be accomplished based on resources configured by higher layers. Otherwise, the noise and interference power may be measured based on the resources that carry the respective CSI-RS.

[0226] Received signal strength indicator (RSSI) may be measured based on the average of the total power contribution in configured OFDM symbols and bandwidth. The power contribution may be received from different resources (e.g., co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, and so forth)

[0227] Cross-Layer interference received signal strength indicator (CLI-RSSI) may be measured based on the average of the total power contribution in configured OFDM symbols of the configured time and frequency resources. The power contnbution may be received from different resources (e.g., cross-layer interference, co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel interference, thermal noise, and so forth)

[0228] Sounding reference signals RSRP (SRS-RSRP) may be measured based on the linear average over the power contribution of the resource elements (RE) that carry the respective SRS.

[0229] Secondary' synchronization signal reference signal received quality (SS-RSRQ) may be measured based on measurements on the reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) and received signal strength (RSSI). In an example, the SS-RSRQ may be calculated as the ratio ofNxSS-RSRP / NR carrier RSSI, where N may be determined based on the number of resource blocks that are in the corresponding NR carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth. As such, the measurements to be used in the numerator and denominator may be over the same set of resource blocks.

[0230] CSI reference signal received quality (CSI-RSRQ) may be measured based on measurements on the reference signal received power (CSI-RSRP) and received signal strength (RSSI). In an example, the SS-RSRQ may be calculated as the ratio of N*CSI-RSRP / CSIRSSI, where N may be determined based on the number of resource blocks that are in the corresponding CSI-RSSI measurement bandwidth. As such, the measurements to be used in the numerator and denominator may be over the same set of resource blocks.

[0231] A CSI report configuration (e.g., CSI-ReportConfigs) may be associated with a single BWP (e.g., indicated by BWP-Id), wherein one or more of the following parameters are configured: (1) CSI-RS resources and / or CSI-RS resource sets for channel and interference measurement; (2) CSI-RS report configuration type including the periodic, semi-persistent, and apenodic; (3) CSI-RS transmission periodicity for periodic and semi-persistent CSI reports; (4) CSI-RS transmission slot offset for periodic, semi-persistent and aperiodic CSI reports; (5) CSI- RS transmission slot offset list for semi-persistent and aperiodic CSI reports; (6) time restrictions for channel and interference measurements; (7) report frequency band configuration (wideband / subband CQI, PMI, and so forth): (8) thresholds and modes of calculations for the reporting quantities (CQI, RSRP, SINR, LI, RI, etc.); (9) codebook configuration; (10) group based beam reporting; (11) CQI table; (12) sub-band size; (13) non-PMI port indication; and / or (14) port Index

[0232] A CSI-RS Resource Set (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet) may include one or more of CSI-RS resources (e.g., NZP-CSI-RS-Resource and CSI-ResourceConfig), wherein a WTRU (e.g., UE) may be configured with one or more of the following in a CSI-RS resource: (1) CSI-RS periodicity' and slot offset for periodic and semi-persistent CSI-RS resources; (2) CSI-RS resource mapping to define the number of CSI-RS ports, density, CDM-type, OFDM symbol, and subcarrier occupancy; (3) the bandwidth part to which the configured CSI-RS is allocated; and / or (4) the reference to the TCI-State including the QCL source RS(s) and the corresponding QCL type(s).

[0233] A WTRU (e.g., UE) may be configured with one or more RS resource sets. The RS resource set configuration may include one or more of following: (1) RS resource set ID; (2) oneor more RS resources for the RS resource set; (3) repetition (i.e., on or off); (4) aperiodic triggering offset (e.g., one of 0-6 slots); and / or (5) TRS info (e g., true or not).

[0234] A WTRU (e.g., UE) may be configured with one or more RS resources. The RS resource configuration may include one or more of following: (1) RS resource ID; (2) resource mapping (e.g., REs in a PRB); (3) power control offset (e.g., one value of -8, ... , 15); (4) power control offset with SS (e.g., -3 dB, 0 dB, 3 dB, 6 Db); (5) scrambling ID; (6) periodicity and offset; and / or (7) QCL information (e.g., based on a TCI state).

[0235] In the following, a property of a grant or assignment may comprise information indicating any of the following: (1) a frequency allocation; (2) an aspect of time allocation, such as a duration; (3) a priority; (4) a modulation and coding scheme; (5) a transport block size; (6) a number of spatial layers; (7) a number of transport blocks; (8) a TCI state, CRI or SRI; (9) a number of repetitions; (10) whether the repetition scheme is Type A or Type B; (11) whether the grant is a configured grant type 1, type 2 or a dynamic grant; (12) whether the assignment is a dynamic assignment or a semi-persistent scheduling (configured) assignment; (13) a configured grant index or a semi-persistent assignment index; (14) a periodicity of a configured grant or assignment; (15) a channel access priority class (CAPC); and / or (16) any parameter provided in a DCI, by MAC or by RRC for the scheduling the grant or assignment.

[0236] In the following, an indication by DCI may comprise information indicating any of the following: (1) an (e.g., explicit) indication by a DCI field or by RNTI used to mask or scramble the CRC of the DCI; and / or (2) an (e.g., implicit) indication by a property such as DCI format, DCI size. Coreset or search space. Aggregation Level, first resource element of the received DCI (e.g., index of first Control Channel Element), where the mapping between the property' and the value may be signaled by RRC or MAC.

[0237] Receiving or monitoring for a DCI with or using an RNTI may mean that the CRC of the DCI is masked or scrambled with the RNTI.

[0238] Hereafter, a signal may be interchangeably used with one or more of following: (1) sounding reference signal (SRS); (2) channel state information - reference signal (CSI-RS); (3) demodulation reference signal (DM-RS); (4) phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS); and / or (5) synchronization signal block (SSB).

[0239] Hereafter, a channel may be interchangeably used with one or more of following: (1) physical downlink control channel (PDCCH); (2) physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH); (3) physical uplink control channel (PUCCH); (4) physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH); and / or (5) physical random access channel (PRACH).

[0240] Hereafter, a signal, channel, and message (e.g., as in DL or UL signal, channel, and message) may be used interchangeably, but still consistent with this invention.

[0241] Hereafter, RS may be interchangeably used with one or more of RS resource. RS resource set, RS port and RS port group, but still consistent with this invention.

[0242] Hereafter, RS may be interchangeably used with one or more of SSB, CSI-RS, SRS, and DM-RS, TRS, PRS, and PTRS, but still consistent with this invention.

[0243] Herein, time instance, slot, symbol, and subframe may be used interchangeably, but still consistent with this invention.

[0244] Herein, the terms SSB, SS / PBCH block, PSS, SSS, PBCH, and MIB may be used interchangeably, and still consistent with this invention.

[0245] Hereafter, the proposed embodiments for beam resources prediction may be used for beam resources belonging to a single or multiple cells as well as single or multiple TRPs. and still consistent with this invention.

[0246] Hereafter, CSI reporting may be interchangeably used with CSI measurement, beam reporting and beam measurement, but still consistent with this invention.

[0247] Hereafter, a RS resource set may be interchangeably used with a beam group, but still consistent with this invention.

[0248] FIG. 2 illustrates a simplified receiver architecture of a WTRU (e.g., UE) utilizing low- power wake-up receiver.

[0249] Low power-wake up signal (LP-WUS) monitoring has the potential to reduce power consumption of WTRUs (e.g., UEs) and other small battery powered devices. This is achieved by using a separate ultra-low power consumption receiver which can monitor wake-up signals (WUSs) and trigger the main radio (MR) dedicated for data and control signal transmission / reception as shown in FIG. 2.

[0250] In 3GPP, RAN level study on ambient loT was approved in RAN#97e (RP-222685) with the following device characteristics. The study considers the identified the following three types of devices:

[0251] Device A: No energy storage, no independent signal generation / amplification, i.e., backscattering transmission.

[0252] Device B: Has energy storage, no independent signal generation, i.e., backscattering transmission. Use of stored energy can include amplification for reflected signals.

[0253] Device C: Has energy’ storage, has independent signal generation, i.e., active RF components for transmission.

[0254] Although Rel-18 LP-WUS only considers low power receivers without energy harvesting, support of energy harvesting receivers has been considered from the beginning of the discussion. In addition, Rel-19 will mostly likely support Ambient loT with energy harvesting receivers. As Ambient loT considers similar low power devices with LP-WUS, it may be obvious to support extension of LP-WUS considering energy harvesting devices identified in Ambient loT.

[0255] For energy harvesting devices, support of energy harvesting sequence prior to LP-WUS is needed. However, support of energy harvesting sequence requires additional overheads and energy consumptions at a network node (e.g., gNB). Therefore, supporting different sequences based on WTRU (e.g., UE) types and corresponding status can be beneficial.

[0256] Methods and apparatus allowing a WTRU (e.g., UE) to support energy' harvesting receiver as LP-WUR may be provided.

[0257] According to certain embodiments, it may be provided LP-WUS sequence type and duration determination based on of WTRU (e.g., UE) type and energy7storage status reporting via LP-WUS.

[0258] According to certain embodiments, it may be provided LP-WUS sequence selection during an activation procedure based on energy storage status.

[0259] According to certain embodiments, it may be provided LP-WUS activation procedure via indication of WTRU (e.g., UE) status and corresponding time duration indication when the WTRU (e.g., UE) is not ready.

[0260] Methods and devices are provided for the determination of LP-WUS fall back based on energy storage status.

[0261] A WTRU (e.g., UE) may' indicate a WTRU (e.g., UE) capability on WTRU (e.g., UE) operation without energy' harvesting for different energy' levels.

[0262] For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate potential operation duration Xia and X2a for energy storage status (e.g., 75% and 50%. respectively).

[0263] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration, for example from a network node (e.g., gNB), of LP-WUS including operation duration Xlb and X2b for energy' storage status (e.g., 75% and 50%, respectively), DL resources for each LP-WUS type (e.g., a first type LP-WUS and a second type LP-WUS) and an UL resource. For example, Xlb and X2b may be smaller than Xia and X2a, respectively.

[0264] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive an activation message of LP-WUS from the network node (e.g., gNB).

[0265] Based on the activation message, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate its energy' storage status in the UL resource if the WTRU (e.g., UE) is a first type WTRU (e.g., UE) (e.g., capable of energy storing and indication of energy storage status).

[0266] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor LP-WUS based on the indicated energy storage status and the WTRU (e.g., UE) type.

[0267] If the WTRU (e.g., UE) is a first type WTRU (e.g., UE) (e.g., capable of energy' storing and indication of energy storage status), the WTRU (e.g., UE) supports the following operations.

[0268] If the indicated energy storage status is larger than the first threshold (e.g.. 75%), the WTRU (e g., UE) may receive a first type LP-WUS (e g., LP-WUS without energy harvesting sequence) during Xlb duration based on the LP-WUS configuration. After Xlb duration, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a second type LP-WUS (e.g., LP-WUS with energy harvesting sequence).

[0269] If the indicated energy' storage status is larger than the second threshold (e.g., 50%) (and, for example, smaller than the first threshold), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive the first ty pe LP- WUS (e.g., LP-WUS without energy harvesting sequence) during X2b duration based on the LP- WUS configuration. After X2b duration, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive the second type LP- WUS (e.g., LP-WUS with energy harvesting sequence).

[0270] If the indicated energy storage status is smaller than (or equal to) the second threshold (e.g., 50%), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive the second type LP-WUS (e.g., LP-WUS with energy harvesting sequence).

[0271] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor a LP-WUS based on the determined LP-WUS type.

[0272] The WTRU (e g., UE) may monitor PDCCH associated with paging when the WTRU (e.g., UE) receives the LP-WUS in the determined LP-WUS resource.

[0273] Methods and devices are provided for the determination of LP-WUS sequence type and duration based on WTRU (e.g., UE) type and energy storage status.

[0274] A WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration of LP-WUS including time (e.g., periodicity and offset) and frequency resources for each LP-WUS type (e.g., a first ty pe LP-WUS and a second type LP-WUS) and UL resources from a network node (e.g., gNB).

[0275] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive an activation message of LP-WUS from the network node (e.g., gNB).

[0276] According to certain embodiments, the network node (e.g., gNB) may indicate LP-WUS type.

[0277] According to certain embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may activate LP-WUS with a default type.

[0278] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor LP-WUS in the time and frequency resources and may indicate energy' storage status to the network node (e.g., gNB) in the UL resources.

[0279] If the indicated energy storage status is larger than the first threshold (e.g., 75%), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor a first type LP-WUS (e.g., LP-WUS without energy harvesting sequence) until the next energy storage status indication.

[0280] If the indicated energy' storage status is larger than the second threshold (e.g., 50%) (and, for example, smaller than the first threshold), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive the second type LP-WUS (e.g.. LP-WUS with energy harvesting sequence) until the next energy storage status indication.

[0281] If the indicated energy storage status is smaller than (or equal to) the second threshold (e.g., 50%), the WTRU (e.g.. UE) activates MR.

[0282] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor a LP-WUS based on the determined LP-WUS type.

[0283] The WTRU (e g., UE) may monitor PDCCH associated with paging when the WTRU (e.g., UE) receives the LP-WUS or activates MR based on the indicated energy' storage status.

[0284] Methods and devices are provided for the confirmation of LP-WUS activation based on energy storage status.

[0285] A WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration of LP-WUS including DL resources for LP-WUS monitoring and an UL resource.

[0286] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive an activation message of LP-WUS from the network node (e g., gNB).

[0287] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may determine energy storage status and may indicate ready or not based on the energy storage status in the UL resource.

[0288] If the determined energy storage status is larger than the threshold (e.g., 50%), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate ready and may monitor LP-WUS in the configured DL resources.

[0289] If the determined energy storage status is smaller than (or equal to) the threshold (e.g., 50%), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate not ready and time offset for a next indication (e.g., another ACK / NACK) from the WTRU (e.g., UE) indication.

[0290] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate another WTRU (e.g., UE) indication based on the updated energy storage status.

[0291] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor a LP-WUS after indicating ready.

[0292] The WTRU (e g., UE) may monitor PDCCH associated with paging when the WTRU (e.g., UE) receives the LP-WUS in the LP-WUS resources.

[0293] According to some embodiments, one or more of the following waveforms may be used for generation of LP-WUS: (1) where K may be size of IFFT of CP-OFDMA, N may be numberof SCs used by LP-WUS including potential guard-bands; (2) OOK; (3) FSK; (4) CP-OFDM (OFDMA); and / or (5) hybrid waveform.

[0294] OOK may comprise any of the following options: (1) option OOK-1; (2) option OOK-2, (3) option OOK-3; and / or (4) option OOK-4.

[0295] Option OOK-1 (wideband transmission) (as illustrated in FIG. 3) may correspond to a single-bit in 1 OFDM symbol, SCs of LP-WUS may be: (1) OOK=1 may mean all SCs are modulated; (2) OOK=0 may mean all SCs are zero power (from base-band point of view).

[0296] Option OOK-2 (as illustrated in FIG. 4) may correspond to parallel M-bit OOK in frequency domain. N SCs of LP-WUS may be further separated into M segments (M=2 in Figure) possibly with guard-bands in-between and / or around. OOK=1 may mean all SCs in segment are modulated. OOK=0 may mean all SCs in segment are zero power (from base-band point of view)

[0297] Option OOK-3 (as illustrated in FIG. 5) may correspond to multi-tone single-bit OOK. N SCs of LP-WUS may be separated into L segments (L=2 on FIG. 5) without guard-bands inbetween segment, but possibly around. OOK=1 may mean 1 sub-carrier (know n by UE) of each segment is modulated, rest of SC is zero power (from base-band point of view). OOK=0 may mean all SCs in all segments are zero power (from base-band point of view)

[0298] Option OOK-4 (as illustrated in FIG. 6) may transform M-bit OOK in time domain:

[0299] N SCs of OOK-1 may be generated by a transformation (DFT / Least square). N' samples may be generated from M-bits. Signal modification may or may not be used. Truncation or other additional modification may or may not be used, if not used, N may be the same as N'. N' may be the same as K.

[0300] FSK may comprise any of the following options: (1) option FSK-1 ; (2) option FSK-2.

[0301] In Option FSK-1, N SCs of LP-WUS may be separated to M pairs of segments with potential guard-bands in-between and around. Segment may comprise one sub-carrier or multiple contiguous SCs. In a pair of segments, one segment may be modulated, other segment may be zero power (from base-band point of view)

[0302] In option FSK-2, N SCs of LP-WUS may be separated to 2AM segments with potential guard-bands in-between and around. Segment may comprise one sub-carrier or multiple contiguous SCs. One segment from 2AM segments may be modulated, other segments of SCs may be zero power (from base-band point of view)

[0303] In an example, CP-OFDM (OFDMA) may be used for LP-WUS generation. OFDM based modulated symbols and / or sequences (e.g., PSS and / or SSS sequences) may be used for CP- OFDM (OFDMA) based LP-WUS.

[0304] In an example, a hybrid waveform may be used for LP-WUS generation. For example, a combination of OOK and OFDMA may be used by applying OFDM sequence on the top of OOK modulation. In another example, a combination of OOK and FSK may be used.

[0305] According to some embodiments, a WTRU (e.g., UE) may be configured with one or more LP-WUS monitoring configurations. For example, a monitoring type (e.g., continuous or duty cycled), a monitoring window (periodicity and / or offset), LP-WUS bandwidth, Low Pow er Synchronization Signal (LP-SS) configuration and etc. may be configured. If the WTRU (e.g., UE) receives / detects one or more LP-WUSs, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may apply one or more of the following procedures after receiving / detecting one or more LP-WUSs: (1) monitoring PDCCH; (2) application of system information (SI) update; and / or (3) application of paging related information update.

[0306] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may wake up (e.g., activate main radio (MR) and / or deactivate low power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR)) and start monitoring of PDCCH (e.g., for paging).

[0307] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may apply update of SI based on the received LP-WUS. In an example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may apply one or more indicated sets of SI (e.g., by LP-WUS) after receiving the one or more LP-WUSs. In another example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive updated SI (e.g., via LP-WUSs and / or PDSCHs after activating MR).

[0308] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may apply update of paging related information based on the received LP-WUS. In an example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may apply one or more indicated sets of paging related information (e.g., by LP-WUS) after receiving the one or more LP-WUSs. In another example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive updated paging related information (e.g., via LP-WUSs and / or PDSCHs after activating MR).

[0309] If the WTRU (e.g., UE) does not receive / detect one or more LP-WUSs, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may continue monitoring LP-WUS based on the one or more LP-WUS monitoring configurations.

[0310] According to some embodiments, a WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration of LP-WUS resource. A LP-WUS resource may be a set of configurations for reception of LP- WUS. For example, a configuration of LP-WUS resource may include information indicating any of the following: (1) signal structure, (2) waveform; (3) monitonng type; and / or (4) frequency resources.

[0311] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration of signal structure. For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive one or more of support of energy harvesting sequence, preamble, preamble length (if configured) and etc.

[0312] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration of waveform. For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive one of OOK-1, OOK-4, OFDMA or etc. as a waveform of LP-WUS.

[0313] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration of monitoring type. For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive one of continuous monitoring and duty -cycled monitoring.

[0314] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration of frequency resources. For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration based on one or more of RBs, subbands, BWPs and etc. to indicate frequency resources for receiving LP-WUS.

[0315] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration of time resources. For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration based on one or more of periodicity, offsets and etc. The indication of configuration may be based on OFDM symbols, us, slots and etc.

[0316] Methods and devices are provided for the determination of LP-WUS fall back based on energy storage status.

[0317] A WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate a WTRU (e.g., UE) capability on WTRU (e.g., UE) operation without energy harvesting for different energy levels.

[0318] For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate potential operation duration XI and X2 for energy7storage status (e.g., 75% and 50%, respectively).

[0319] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration of LP-WUS including operation duration XI and X2 for energy storage status (e.g., 75% and 50%. respectively), DL resources for each LP-WUS type (e g., a first type LP-WUS and a second type LP-WUS) and an UL resource.

[0320] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive an activation message of LP-WUS from the network node (e g., gNB).

[0321] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor LP-WUS and may indicate its energy storage status in the UL resource.

[0322] If the WTRU (e.g., UE) is a first type WTRU (e.g., UE) (e.g., capable of energy storing and indication of energy storage status), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate energy storage status to the network node (e.g., gNB) in the UL resource (e.g., before activation of LP-WUS).

[0323] If the indicated energy storage status is larger than the first threshold (e.g.. 75%), the WTRU (e g., UE) may receive a first type LP-WUS (e g., LP-WUS without energy harvesting sequence) during XI duration based on the LP-WUS configuration. After XI duration, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a second type LP-WUS (e.g., LP-WUS with energy harvesting sequence).

[0324] If the indicated energy' storage status is larger than the second threshold (e.g., 50%) (and, for example, smaller than the first threshold), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive the first type LP- WUS (e.g.. LP-WUS without energy harvesting sequence) during X2 duration based on the LP- WUS configuration. After X2 duration, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive the second type LP- WUS (e.g., LP-WUS with energy harvesting sequence).

[0325] If the indicated energy' storage status is smaller than (or equal to) the second threshold (e.g., 50%), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive the second type LP-WUS (e.g., LP-WUS with energy harvesting sequence).

[0326] If the WTRU (e.g., UE) is a second type WTRU (e.g., UE) (e g., incapable of energy storing and indication of energy' storage status), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive the second ty pe LP-WUS (e.g., LP-WUS with energy harvesting sequence).

[0327] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor a LP-WUS based on the determined LP-WUS type.

[0328] The WTRU (e g., UE) may monitor PDCCH associated with paging when the WTRU (e.g., UE) receives the LP-WUS in the determined LP-WUS resource.

[0329] Hereafter, LP-WUS may be interchangeably used with UE, but still consistent with this disclosure.

[0330] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate WTRU (e.g., UE) capability for determination of the one or more parameters. For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate WTRU (e.g., UE) capability' on WTRU (e.g., UE) operation without energy' harvesting for different energy levels. The indication may be based on one or more of the following: (1) energy storage status thresholds; and / or (2) operation duration.

[0331] For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate one or more energy storage status thresholds (e.g., for determining LP-WUS sequence type and / or duration). The indication may be for each LP-WUS parameter (e.g., LP-WUS sequence type). For example, a first LP-WUS sequence ty pe may be LP-WUS without energy' harvesting sequence and a second LP-WUS sequence type may be LP-WUS with energy harvesting sequence.

[0332] For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate one or more operation durations. Each duration may be associated with each LP-WUS parameter (e.g., LP-WUS sequence type) and / or energy storage status. For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate potential operation duration Xia and X2a for energy storage status (e.g., 75% and 50%, respectively).

[0333] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration of LP-WUS operation (e.g., with energy harvesting sequence). The configuration may be based on WTRU (e.g., UE) type. For example, a first type WTRU (e.g., UE) (e.g., capable of energy harvesting and energy storage) may receive the configuration (e.g., including operation durationXlb and X2b for energy storage status (e.g., 75% and 50%, respectively), DL resources for each LP-WUS type (e.g., a first type LP-WUS and a second type LP-WUS) and an UL resource). In another example, a second type WTRU (e.g., UE) (e.g., incapable of energy harvesting or energy storage) may not receive the configuration. The configuration may be based on one or more of the following: (1) energy storage status thresholds; (2) operation duration; and / or (3) confirmation resource.

[0334] For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration comprising one or more energy storage status thresholds (e.g.. for determining LP-WUS sequence type and / or duration). The configuration may be for each LP-WUS parameter (e.g., LP-WUS sequence type). For example, a first LP-WUS sequence type may be LP-WUS without energy harvesting sequence and a second LP-WUS sequence type may be LP-WUS with energy harvesting sequence.

[0335] In another example, energy storage status threshold may be predefined (e.g.. as 75% and 50%).

[0336] The thresholds may be indicated as one or more of energy7storage %, watt-hours (Wh), milliamp-hours (mAh) and etc.

[0337] For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration of one or more operation durations. Each duration may be associated with each LP-WUS parameter (e.g., LP-WUS sequence ty pe) and / or energy storage status (e.g., 75% or 50%).

[0338] For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration of potential operation duration Xlb and X2b for energy storage status (e.g., 75% and 50%, respectively). The configured duration may be based on the reported WTRU (e.g., UE) capability. For example, configured duration Xlb and X2b may be smaller than (or equal to) the reported duration Xia and X2a, respectively. In another example, configured duration Xlb and X2b may be larger than (or equal to) the reported duration X2a and X2a, respectively. Alternatively, configured duration Xlb and X2b may be Xia and X2b based on the capability report, respectively.

[0339] If the configured duration Xlb and / or X2b do not satisfy requirements (e.g., Xlb and / or X2b are larger than Xia and / or X2a, respectively), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may consider a fall back configuration and / or operation. The fall back configuration and / or operation may be one or more of the following: (i) apply the WTRU (e.g., UE) reported value; and / or (ii) apply the fall back operation.

[0340] For example, in the case where, the fall back configuration and / or operation apply the WTRU (e.g., UE) reported value, if Xlb and / or X2b are larger than Xia and / or X2a, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may use Xia and / or X2a as configure values of Xlb and / or X2b.

[0341] For example, in the case where, the fall back configuration and / or operation apply the fall back operation, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor one or more LP-WUS resources based on a default type (or a fall back type). For example, the WTRU (e g., UE) may monitor a second type LP-WUS (e.g., LP-WUS with energy harvesting sequence) without considering durations and energy storage status.

[0342] For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration comprising Confirmation resource. For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive one or more confirmation resources (e.g., from the gNB). The one or more resources may be one or more of resources for PDCCH, PDSCH, PRACH, DL RS and etc.

[0343] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive an activation message of LP-WUS from the network node (e.g., gNB). The activation message may be based on one or more of RRC. MAC CE and DCI. If DCI based activation message is supported, the DCI may be a WTRU (e.g., UE) specific DCI (e.g., a part of PDSCH scheduling and / or PUSCH scheduling). In another example, the DCI may be a group specific DCI.

[0344] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may determine activation / deactivation based on WTRU (e.g., UE) measurement and / or WTRU (e.g., UE) implementation. For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may measure one or more RSs (e.g., LP-SSs). Based on the measurement, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may determine a quality (e.g., RSRP). Based on the determined quality7, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may determine the activation / deactivation (e.g., measured quality is larger than or smaller than a threshold). Instead of measured quality, other metrics (e.g.. WTRU (e.g.. UE) traffic, time after recent transmission / reception and etc.) may be used.

[0345] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g. , UE) may determine the energy storage status (e.g., by measuring remaining energy in its battery) (e.g., in energy storage %, watt-hours (Wh), milliamp-hours (mAh) and etc.)).

[0346] According to some embodiments, based on the received activation message and / or the determined activation (e.g., by the UE), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate its energy storage status. The indication may be done based on one or more of the following: (1) reporting WTRU (e.g., UE); (2) reporting resource; and / or (3) energy reporting.

[0347] According to some embodiments, indication of WTRU (e.g., UE) energy storage status may be based on WTRU (e.g., UE) type. For example, if the WTRU (e.g., UE) is a first type WTRU (e.g., UE) (e.g., capable of energy storing and indication of energy storage status), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate energy storage status to the network node (e.g., gNB) in the UL resource (e.g., before activation of LP-WUS). If the WTRU (e.g., UE) is a second type WTRU(e.g., UE) (e.g., incapable of energy storing and indication of energy' storage status), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor one or more LP-WUS resources (e.g., without indication of energy storage status).

[0348] According to some embodiments, indication of WTRU (e.g., UE) energy storage status may be based on reporting resource. For example, the report may be done in the configured UL resource. For example, the report may be done in an indicated UL resource. For example, the activation message (e.g., UL scheduling DCI) may indicate an UL resource for WTRU (e.g., UE) report. For example, the report may be one or more of PRACH, PUCCH, PUSCH, UL RS and etc.

[0349] According to some embodiments, indication of WTRU (e g., UE) energy storage status may be based on energy' reporting. For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate the energy (e.g., in energy storage %, watt-hours (Wh), milliamp-hours (mAh) and etc.)). For example, the WTRU (e.g.. UE) may indicate one of the configured energy thresholds values. The energy thresholds values may be based on the reported WTRU (e.g., UE) capability and / or the configured energy thresholds.

[0350] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a confirmation of the indicated energy storage status (e.g.. via the configured one or more confirmation resources). The confirmation may be one or more of PDCCH, PDSCH, MAC CE, DL RS and etc. Based on the confirmation, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may' support one or more of the following operations.

[0351] If the WTRU (e.g., UE) receives the confirmation, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor one or more LP-WUS resources based on WTRU (e.g.. UE) determination and / or network node (e.g., gNB) indication.

[0352] If the WTRU (e.g., UE) does not receive the confirmation, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may transmit another indication of WTRU (e.g., UE) energy storage status. For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate another WTRU (e.g., UE) energy storage status. For example, before expiration of a counter / timer associated with WTRU (e.g.. UE) energy storage status reporting with reset by using a first reporting and / or the confirmation. The WTRU (e.g., UE) may increment one value of the counter if the WTRU (e.g., UE) does not receive the confirmation for WTRU (e.g., UE) reporting. Reporting resource may be latest UL resource based on the configuration or a resource with a defined time offset (e.g., by configuration and / or WTRU (e.g., UE) capability’).

[0353] Based on the confirmation, the WTRU (e.g.. UE) may support fall back operation. For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor a second type LP-WUS (e.g., LP-WUS with energy harvesting sequence) without prior monitoring of the second type LP-WUS.

[0354] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor one or more LP- WUS resources (e.g., based on WTRU (e.g., UE) determination considering the WTRU (e.g., UE) type and / or the reported energy storage status).

[0355] According to some embodiments, (e.g., if the WTRU (e.g., UE) is the first type WTRU (e.g., UE) (e.g., capable of energy storing and indication of energy storage status)), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may determine a type of LP-WUS monitoring based on the indicated energy' storage status (e.g., to the gNB) (e.g.. before activation of LP-WUS). One or more the following may apply for monitoring one or more LP-WUS resources.

[0356] For example, if the indicated energy storage status is larger than the first threshold (e.g., 75%), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor and receive a first ty pe LP-WUS (e.g., LP-WUS without energy harvesting sequence) during Xlb duration (e.g.. based on the LP-WUS configuration and / or reported WTRU (e.g., UE) capability). After Xlb duration, the WTRU (e.g.. UE) may monitor and receive a second type LP-WUS (e.g., LP-WUS with energy harvesting sequence).

[0357] For example, if the indicated energy' storage status is larger than the second threshold (e.g., 50%) (and, for example, smaller than the first threshold), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor and receive the first type LP-WUS (e.g., LP-WUS without energy harvesting sequence) during X2b duration (e.g., based on the LP-WUS configuration and / or reported WTRU (e.g., UE) capability ). After X2b duration, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may' monitor and receive the second ty pe LP-WUS (e.g., LP-WUS with energy' harvesting sequence).

[0358] For example, if the indicated energy storage status is smaller than (or equal to) the second threshold (e.g.. 50%), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor and receive the second type LP-WUS (e.g., LP-WUS with energy' harvesting sequence) (e.g., from the beginning of the activation).

[0359] According to some embodiments, (e.g., if the WTRU (e.g., UE) is a second ty pe WTRU (e.g., UE) (e.g., incapable of energy storing and indication of energy storage status)), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor and / or may receive the second type LP-WUS (e.g., LP-WUS with energy harvesting sequence) (e.g., without consideration of the indicated energy storage status).

[0360] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may' receive an indication of LP- WUS monitoring ty pe and / or corresponding resources. For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive an indication of one or more LP-WUS resource set IDs (e.g., with energy harvesting sequence type and corresponding duration). For example, an indicated set may include configuration Xlb duration or X2b duration for the application of the first type LP-WUS. According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive an indication of the first ty pe LP-WUS monitoring duration. For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive an indication of one of Xlb duration and X2b duration. The WTRU (e.g., UE) may apply the duration for the firsttype LP-WUS monitoring duration. After the duration, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may apply the second type LP-WUS monitoring.

[0361] According to some embodiments, based on the determined LP-WUS resource and the cell, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor a LP-WUS in the determined LP-WUS resource of the determined cell. If the WTRU (e.g., UE) receives a LP-WUS in the determined LP-WUS resource, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may support corresponding operation based on the received LP-WUS information. For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor PDCCH associated with paging when the WTRU (e.g., UE) receives the LP-WUS in the determined LP-WUS resource. In addition, the WTRU (e g., UE) may apply indicated system information and / or paging related information via LP-WUS.

[0362] Methods and devices are provided for the determination of LP-WUS sequence type and duration based on WTRU (e.g., UE) type and energy storage status.

[0363] A WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration of LP-WUS including time (e.g., periodicity and offset) and frequency resources for each LP-WUS type (e.g., a first ty pe LP-WUS and a second type LP-WUS) and UL resources from a network node (e.g., gNB).

[0364] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive an activation message of LP-WUS from the network node (e.g., gNB). For example, a network node (e.g., gNB) may be indicating LP-WUS type. For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may be activating LP-WUS with a default type.

[0365] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor LP-WUS in the time and frequency resources and may indicate energy storage status to the network node (e.g., gNB) in the UL resources.

[0366] If the indicated energy storage status is larger than the first threshold (e.g., 75%), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor a first type LP-WUS (e g., LP-WUS without energy harvesting sequence) until the next energy storage status indication.

[0367] If the indicated energy storage status is larger than the second threshold (e.g., 50%) (and, for example, smaller than the first threshold), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive the second type LP-WUS (e.g., LP-WUS with energy harvesting sequence) until the next energy storage status indication.

[0368] If the indicated energy7storage status is smaller than (or equal to) the second threshold (e.g., 50%). the WTRU (e.g.. UE) activates MR.

[0369] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor a LP-WUS based on the determined LP-WUS type.

[0370] The WTRU (e g., UE) may monitor PDCCH associated with paging when the WTRU (e.g., UE) receives the LP-WUS or activates MR based on the indicated energy7storage status.

[0371] When LP-WUS supports energy harvesting, supporting energy status aware LP-WUS type selection can increase the number of WTRUs (e.g.. UEs) that can be supported by a networknode (e.g., gNB) for energy harvesting. Also, it can increase the efficiency of using available resources (e.g., time-frequency resources, transmit energy). To this end, one or combination of the following solutions may be used by a LP-WUS monitoring UE.

[0372] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive indication / configuration of one or combination of the following: (1) multiple LP-WUS types; (2) UL resources; and / or (3) one or more thresholds on energy storage status (e.g., a first threshold, a second threshold, etc.,).

[0373] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration of multiple LP-WUS types (e.g., a first type LP-WUS, a second type LP-WUS). Each LP-WUS type may associate with different configuration of time (e.g., periodicity and offset), duration, and frequency resources (e g., FR, bandwidth), etc.

[0374] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration of UL resources from the network node (e.g., gNB) to indicate the selected LP-WUS type and / or indicate the status of the energy storage etc. The UL resources may include resources and grants for PUCCH / PUSCH transmission, preamble resources (e.g., each preamble resource associated with one or more LP-WUS types), etc.

[0375] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive an activation message for LP-WUS monitoring from the network node (e.g., gNB) (e.g., via RRC signaling, MAC-CE indication, DCI indication, SI update). Upon the reception of the activation message, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may follow one or combination of the following procedures for activating the WTRU (e.g., UE) for LP-WUS monitoring with a selected type(s) of LP-WUS.

[0376] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g.. UE) may receive indication / configured with one or more LP-WUS type. The WTRU (e g., UE) may start monitoring LP-WUS by using an indicated LP-WUS type.

[0377] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive an indication / configuration from the network node (e.g., gNB) to activate monitoring LP-WUS. The WTRU (e.g., UE) may activate LP-WUS with a default LP-WUS type (e.g., using a preconfigured default LP-WUS type (configured via RRC signaling, MAC-CE indication, DCI indication, or SI))

[0378] A WTRU (e.g., UE) may determine its energy storage states and indicate the determined energy storage status to the network node (e.g., gNB) via the configured UL resources. For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may transmit a two-bits indication via PUCCH / PUSCH where two-bits value = 10 may indicate that energy status is above the first threshold, two-bits value = 01 may indicate that the energy storage status is larger than the second threshold, two-bits value 00 may indicate that the energy storage statue is below the second threshold). In another example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may transmit a preconfigured preamble resource where each preamblecorresponds to an energy' storage status. In response to the energy storage indication, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a confirmation from the network node (e.g., gNB) indicating the successful reception of the energy status indication (e.g.. via a 1 -bit indication in a DCI on a preconfigured PDCCH resources). Subsequently, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may follow one or combination of the following procedures to determine the type(s) of LP-WUS to be received and / or determine the configuration associated with LP-WUS(s) to be received.

[0379] If the indicated energy storage status is larger than the first threshold (e.g., 75%), the WTRU (e.g.. UE) may receive the first type LP-WUS (e.g., LP-WUS without energy harvesting sequence). The WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive the first type LP-WUS until the next energy storage status indication. Alternatively, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive the first type LP-WUS for a configured duration (e.g., a preconfigured via RRC signaling, MAC-CE indication, DCI indication). After the preconfigured duration and until the next energy status indication, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive the second type LP-WUS (e.g., a LP-WUS that supports energy harvesting sequency). The activation or deactivation of receiving the second type LP-WUS after a preconfigured duration may depend on the periodicity of energy status indication or the duration until the next UL resources for updating the energy status. For example, if the periodicity of energystatus indication > a preconfigured threshold on energy status indication periodicity, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may activate receiving the second type LP-WUS after the preconfigured duration. Otherwise, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may continue to receive the first type LP-WUS until the next energy storage indication.

[0380] If the indicated energy storage status is larger than the second threshold (e.g.. 50%) and less than the first threshold, the WTRU (e g., UE) may receive the second type LP-WUS (e.g., LP- WUS with energy harvesting sequence). The WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive the second type LP- WUS until the next energy- storage status indication. Alternatively, the WTRU (e.g., UE) mayreceive the second type LP-WUS until a preconfigured duration (e.g., a preconfigured via RRC signaling, MAC-CE indication, DCI indication). After the preconfigured duration and until the next energy- status indication, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may7receive the first type LP-WUS (e.g., a LP-WUS without energy harvesting sequency). The activation or deactivation of receiving the first type LP-WUS after a preconfigured duration may depend on the periodicity of energy status indication or the duration until the next UL resources for updating the energy status indication. For example, if the periodicity of energy status indication < a preconfigured threshold on energy- status indication periodicity, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may activate receiving the first LP-WUS type after the preconfigured duration. Otherwise, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may continue to receive the second type LP-WUS until the next energy storage indication.

[0381] If the indicated energy storage status is smaller than (or equal to) the second threshold (e.g., 50%), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may activate MR. After activating the MR / after indicating the energy storage status, the WTRU (e.g.. UE) may receive NR paging signals / channels (e.g., WTRU (e.g., UE) monitor for paging PDCCH and / or paging early indication) and / or transmit PRACH for initial access.

[0382] The WTRU (e.g., UE) that indicated the selected LP-WUS type (via indicating energy' storage status) to the network node (e.g. , gNB), may monitor a LP-WU S based on the determined LP-WUS type. To this end the WTRU (e.g.. UE) may determine the resources and configuration for receiving the LP-WUS based on the selected LP-WUS type (e g., time-frequency resources, bandwidth, duration etc.).

[0383] If the LP-WUS indicates the WTRU (e.g., UE) to activate the MR (e.g., indicates by the presence of LP-WUS determined via energy’ detection, indicated via the content of the LP-WUS payload), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive NR paging signals / channels (e.g., WTRU (e g., UE) monitor for paging PDCCH and / or paging early indication), and / or transmit PRACH for initial access. If the LP-WUS indicates the WTRU (e.g., UE) to not to activate MR, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may continue to monitor LP-WUS using the selected LP-WUS type(s).

[0384] If the WTRU (e.g., UE) activated MR during the LP-WUS type selection procedure (e.g., WTRU (e.g., UE) determines and indicates that energy' storge status is smaller than the second threshold), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive NR paging signals / channels (e.g., WTRU (e.g., UE) monitor for paging PDCCH and / or paging early indication), and / or transmit PRACH for initial access.

[0385] Methods and devices are provided for the confirmation of LP-WUS activation based on energy storage status.

[0386] A WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration of LP-WUS including DL resources for LP-WUS monitoring and an UL resource.

[0387] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive an activation message of LP-WUS from the network node (e.g., gNB).

[0388] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may determine energy storage status and may indicate ready or not based on the energy’ storage status in the UL resource.

[0389] If the determined energy storage status is larger than the threshold (e.g.. 50%), the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate ready and may7monitor LP-WUS in the configured DL resources.

[0390] If the determined energy7storage status is smaller than (or equal to) the threshold (e.g., 50%), the WTRU (e g., UE) may indicate not ready and time offset for a next indication (e.g., another ACK / NACK) from the WTRU (e.g., UE) indication.

[0391] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate another WTRU (e.g., UE) indication based on the updated energy storage status.

[0392] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor a LP-WUS after indicating ready.

[0393] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor PDCCH associated with paging when the WTRU (e.g., UE) receives the LP-WUS in the LP-WUS resources.

[0394] According to some embodiments, a WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive configuration information indicating of one or more of the following: (1) one or more LP-WUS: (2) one or more DL resources for LP-WUS; (3) one or more preferred LP-WUS resources; (4) one or more threshold (e.g., a threshold 1 and a threshold2); and / or one or more UL resources.

[0395] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive an indication of the type of LP-WUS waveform (e.g., OOK, OOK-2, CP-OFDM, FSK-1, FSK-2) based on UE's capability e.g., based on the UE’s indication of supported LP-WUS waveform types as part of capability reporting.

[0396] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive an indication of length of the LP-WUS sequence (e.g., number of bits, e.g., number of QAM symbols).

[0397] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a configuration (e.g., via RRC / MAC-CE / DCI) of DL resources associated to one or more of LP-WUS (waveform) types.

[0398] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive an indication of DL resource associated to preferred LP-WUS waveform.

[0399] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive an indication of one or more UL resources associated to one or more LP-WUS types.

[0400] The WTRU (e.g., UE) may determine its energy storage status (e g., based on UE’s implementation). The WTRU (e.g., UE) may send an indication indicating its LP-WUS monitorability and / or energy storage status in one or more of the following ways;

[0401] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may send an indication indicating LP-WUS monitorability status (e.g., ready, or not ready) associated with one or more LP-WUS resources (e.g., one or more LP-WUS types) via configured UL resource (e.g., PUSCH / PUCCH) based on its energy storage status.

[0402] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g. , UE) may send an indication indicating ready (e.g.. denoted by 1 in 1 -bit indication) for a first LP-WUS resource (e.g., OOK) if its energy storage status > thresholdl, and not ready (e.g., denoted by 0 in 1 -bit indication) otherwise.

[0403] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g. , UE) may send an indication indicating ready (e.g., denoted by 1 in 1 -bit indication) for a second LP-WUS resource (e.g., OOK-2) if its energy storage status > threshold2. and not ready (e.g.. denoted by 0 in 1 -bit indication) otherwise.

[0404] According to some embodiments, based on UE's LP-WUS monitorability status (e.g., not ready) the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate a time offset for the next UE's indication of monitorability status from the current indication. For example, the WTRU (e.g.. UE) may indicate a uniform time offset. For example, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate a time offset of N slots / frames / msec if the WTRUs (e.g., UEs) current energy storage status > threshold (e.g., 40%), otherwise the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate a time offset of N - M where M > 0 and N > M.

[0405] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may determine a time-until-ready (e.g., the amount of time needed for the WTRU (e.g., UE) to become ready for LP-WUS monitorability), based on the received LP-WUS configuration (e.g., number of bits, e.g., waveform type), WTRU (e.g., UE) determined monitorability status (e.g., not ready) and / or energy storage / charge / production rate (e.g., based on WTRU (e.g., UE) implementation). According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may send an additional indication indicating the time- until-ready based on UE's monitorability’ status (e.g., not ready).

[0406] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may send an indication of time- until-ready in the UL resource associated to the indicated preferred LP-WUS type.

[0407] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may send an indication of time- until-ready in the UL resource associated to a first LP-WUS type (e.g., LP-WUS associated to smallest energy storage threshold).

[0408] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may send an indication of time- until-ready in the UL resource associated to a second LP-WUS type (e.g., LP-WUS associated to largest energy storage threshold).

[0409] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may send an indication of time- until-ready in all UL resources associated to configured LP-WUS types with a not ready monitorability status.

[0410] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g. , UE) may send an indication indicating anew / updated LP-WUS monitorability status based on the indicated time offset and / or time-until- ready.

[0411] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may send an indication indicating a new / updated LP-WUS monitorability status (i.e., ready / not ready), time-offset after the previous WTRU (e.g.. UE) indication of monitorability status (e.g.. not ready).

[0412] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may send an indication indicating a new / updated LP-WUS monitorability status (i.e., ready / not ready) time-until-ready after the previous WTRU (e.g., UE) indication of monitorability status (e.g., not ready).

[0413] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g. , UE) may send an indication indicating a new / updated LP-WUS monitorability status (i.e., ready / not ready) maximum (time-until-ready, time-offset) after the previous WTRU (e.g., UE) indication of monitorability status (e.g., not ready).

[0414] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g. , UE) may send an indication indicating a new / updated LP-WUS monitorability status (i.e., ready / not ready) minimum (time-until-ready, time-offset) after the previous WTRU (e.g., UE) indication of monitorability status (e.g., not ready).

[0415] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may initiate monitoring of LP- WUS after sending an indication, indicating ready.

[0416] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may start monitoring of a first LP-WUS (e.g., associated to preferred LP-WUS resource), after indicating ready for one or more LP-WUS resource (e g., including preferred LP-WUS resource).

[0417] According to some embodiments a WTRU (e.g., UE) may switch monitoring from a first LP-WUS (e.g., not associated to the preferred LP-WUS resource) to a second LP-WUS (e.g., associated to the preferred LP-WUS resource) after indicating ready for the second LP-WUS.

[0418] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor PDCCH associated to paging based on the received and / or decoded LP-WUS sequence.

[0419] Methods and devices are provided for the reception and transmission of energy7harvesting sequence.

[0420] According to some embodiments, a WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive a WTRU (e.g.. UE) specific energy harvesting sequence (e.g., from one or more UEs).

[0421] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive one or more sets of configurations for receiving energy7harvesting sequences. Each set of configurations may include information indicating any of the following: (1) one or more time and frequency resources; (2) one or more sequences; (3) one or more request resources; (4) one or more confirmation resources; and / or (5) one or more energy thresholds.

[0422] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive configuration information indicating or more time and frequency resources including information indicating one or more of: (i) periodicity; (ii) offset; (iii) RBs; (iv) sub-bands; and / or (v) BWPs.

[0423] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e g., UE) may receive configuration information indicating one or more sequences including information indicating one or more of: (i) sequence types; (ii) sequence lengths; and / or (iii) sequence IDs.

[0424] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive configuration information indicating one or more request resources (e.g., for requesting energy harvesting sequences). For example, the one or more request resources may be one or more uplink resources and / or sidelink resources.

[0425] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive configuration information indicating one or more confirmation resources (e.g., for reception of a confirmation on a request). For example, the one or more confirmation resources may be one or more uplink resources and / or sidelink resources. For example, each confirmation resource may be associated with each set of configurations for receiving energy harvesting sequences. For example, each confirmation resource may be associated with each request resource for receiving energy harvesting sequences.

[0426] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g.. UE) may receive configuration information indicating one or more energy thresholds. For example, one or more energy thresholds may be configured for triggering energy harvesting procedure. For example, each energy threshold may be associated with each set of configurations for receiving energy harvesting sequences.

[0427] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate a request for transmission of energy harvesting. The indication may be based on one or more configured energy thresholds. For example, if stored energy of the WTRU (e.g., UE) is less than an energy threshold, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate the request in the configured one or more request resources. The request may be based on one or more of PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH. UL RS, PSCCH, PSSCH, SL RS and etc.

[0428] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive one or more confirmation of the WTRU (e.g., UE) request (e.g., in an associated confirmation resource). The confirmation may be based on one or more of PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, UL RS, PSCCH, PSSCH, SL RS and etc.

[0429] Based on the WTRU (e.g., UE) request and / or the confirmation, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive the energy harvesting sequence (e.g., in associate time and frequency resources).

[0430] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may indicate a termination of the energy harvesting procedure. The indication may be transmitted in the one or more request resources. In another example, the indication may be transmitted in separately configured termination request resources (e.g., may be associated with the request resource and / or the confirmation resource for receiving the energy' harvesting sequences).

[0431] According to some embodiments, a WTRU (e.g., UE) may transmit a WTRU (e.g., UE) specific energy harvesting sequence (e.g., to one or more UEs).

[0432] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive one or more sets of configurations for transmitting energy harvesting sequences. Each set of configurations may include information indicating any of the following: (1) one or more time and frequency resources; (2) one or more sequences; (3) one or more request resources; (4) one or more confirmation resources; and / or (5) one or more energy thresholds.

[0433] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive configuration information indicating or more time and frequency resources including information indicating one or more of: (i) periodicity; (ii) offset; (iii) RBs; (iv) sub-bands; and / or (v) BWPs.

[0434] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive configuration information indicating one or more sequences including information indicating one or more of: (i) sequence types; (ii) sequence lengths; and / or (iii) sequence IDs.

[0435] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g.. UE) may receive configuration information indicating one or more request resources (e.g., for requesting energy harvesting sequences). For example, the one or more request resources may be one or more uplink resources and / or sidelink resources.

[0436] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive configuration information indicating one or more confirmation resources (e.g., for reception of a confirmation on a request). For example, the one or more confirmation resources may be one or more uplink resources and / or sidelink resources. For example, each confirmation resource may be associated with each set of configurations for receiving energy harvesting sequences. For example, each confirmation resource may be associated with each request resource for receiving energy harvesting sequences.

[0437] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may receive configuration information indicating one or more energy thresholds. For example, one or more energy thresholds may be configured for triggering energy harvesting procedure. For example, each energy’ threshold may be associated with each set of configurations for receiving energy harvesting sequences.

[0438] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor and receive a request for transmission of energy harvesting. The request may be based on one or more of PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, UL RS, PSCCH, PSSCH. SL RS and etc.

[0439] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may transmit one or more confirmation of the received WTRU (e.g., UE) request (e.g., in an associated confirmation resource). The confirmation may be based on one or more of PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, UL RS, PSCCH, PSSCH. SL RS and etc.

[0440] Based on the WTRU (e.g., UE) request and / or the confirmation, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may transmit the energy harvesting sequence (e.g., in associate time and frequency resources).

[0441] According to some embodiments, the WTRU (e.g., UE) may monitor and receive a termination of the energy harvesting procedure. The indication may be transmitted in the one or more request resources. In another example, the indication may be transmitted in separately configured termination request resources (e.g., may be associated with the request resource and / or the confirmation resource for receiving the energy harvesting sequences).

[0442] FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a representative method 700 implemented by a WTRU 102. Referring to FIG. 7, the representative method 700 may include, at block 710, receiving information indicating a configuration of low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) operation, wherein the configuration may comprise time and frequency resources for at least one LP-WUS ty pe. At block 720, the representative method 700 may include determining an activation of LP-WUS. At block 730, the representative method 700 may include determining a type of LP-WUS to monitor, for example, based on an energy storage status of the WTRU. At block 740, the representative method 700 may include monitoring a LP-WUS in the time and frequency resource associated, for example, based on the determined type of LP-WUS.

[0443] According to certain embodiments, the WTRU 102 may monitor physical downlink control channel associated with paging when the WTRU 102 receives the LP-WUS in the determined LP-WUS time and frequency resource.

[0444] According to certain embodiments, the WTRU 102 may send information indicating WTRU capability on WTRU operation without energy harvesting for different energy levels, and wherein the WTRU capability may be based on any of: (1) energy storage status thresholds, and (2) operation duration.

[0445] According to certain embodiments, the configuration may be based on any of: (1) energy storage status thresholds. (2) operation duration, and (3) confirmation resource.

[0446] According to certain embodiments, determining an activation of LP-WUS may comprise receiving by the WTRU an activation message of LP-WUS from a network node.

[0447] According to certain embodiments, determining an activation of LP-WUS may be based on WTRU measurement and / or WTRU implementation.

[0448] FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a representative method 800 implemented by a WTRU 102.

[0449] Referring to FIG. 8, the representative method 800 may include, at block 810, obtaining first information indicating a configuration associated with at least one LP-WUS type, wherein the configuration comprises at least one reception duration, and at least one energy storage threshold.

[0450] The representative method 800 may include, at block 820, determining an activation of LP-WUS monitoring.

[0451] The representative method 800 may include, at block 830, determining a type of LP-WUS to monitor based on a comparison of an energy storage status of the WTRU and the at least one energy storage threshold; and

[0452] The representative method 800 may include, at block 840, receiving, from a network node, based on the determined type of LP-WUS and on the first information, at least one LP-WUS during the at least one reception duration.

[0453] According to certain embodiments, the at least one energy storage threshold may comprise a first energy storage threshold.

[0454] According to certain embodiments, the at least one reception duration may comprise a first reception duration associated with the first energy storage threshold.

[0455] According to certain embodiments, based on the energy storage status of the WTRU being superior to (or otherwise satisfying) the first energy storage threshold, the representative method 800 may comprise receiving, during the first reception duration, a first LP-WUS associated with a first type, and / or receiving, after the first reception duration, a second LP-WUS associated with a second type.

[0456] According to certain embodiments, the at least one energy storage threshold may comprise a second energy’ storage threshold, wherein the second energy7storage threshold is smaller than the energy storage threshold.

[0457] According to certain embodiments, the at least one reception duration may comprise a second reception duration associated with the second energy7storage threshold.

[0458] According to certain embodiments, based on the energy7storage status of the WTRU being inferior to (or otherwise satisfying) the first energy7storage threshold and / or on the energy storage status of the WTRU being superior to (or otherwise satisfying) the second energy storage threshold, the representative method 800 may comprise receiving, during the second reception duration, the first LP-WUS, and / or receiving, after the second reception duration, the second LP- WUS.

[0459] According to certain embodiments, based on the energy storage status of the WTRU being inferior to (or otherwise satisfying) the second energy storage threshold, the representative method 800 may comprise receiving, the second LP-WUS.

[0460] According to certain embodiments, the first type may be a LP-WUS without energy7harvesting sequence, and / or the second type may be a LP-WUS with energy harvesting sequence.

[0461] According to certain embodiments, the representative method 800 may comprise comprising sending, to the network node, second information indicating the determined type of LP-WUS.

[0462] According to certain embodiments, determining an activation of LP-WUS monitoring, may comprise receiving, from the network node, third information indicating an activation of LP- WUS monitoring.

[0463] According to certain embodiments, determining an activation of LP-WUS monitoring may be based one or more WTRU measurements.

[0464] According to certain embodiments, the representative method 800 may comprise monitoring a physical downlink control channel associated with paging upon a reception of the at least one LP-WUS.

[0465] According to certain embodiments, the representative method 800 may comprise, upon determining an activation of LP-WUS monitoring, sending to the network node, the energy storage status of the WTRU.

[0466] Although features and elements are provided above in particular combinations, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that each feature or element can be used alone or in any combination with the other features and elements. The present disclosure is not to be limited in terms of the particular embodiments described in this application, which are intended as illustrations of various aspects. Many modifications and variations may be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. No element, act, or instruction used in the description of the present application should be construed as critical or essential to the invention unless explicitly provided as such. Functionally equivalent methods and apparatuses within the scope of the disclosure, in addition to those enumerated herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing descriptions. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to particular methods or systems.

[0467] The foregoing embodiments are discussed, for simplicity, with regard to the terminology’ and structure of infrared capable devices, i.e., infrared emitters and receivers. However, the embodiments discussed are not limited to these systems but may be applied to other systems that use other forms of electromagnetic waves or non-electromagnetic waves such as acoustic waves.

[0468] It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the term "video"or the term "imagery" may mean any of a snapshot, single image and / or multiple images displayed over a time basis. As another example, when referred to herein, the terms "user equipment" and its abbreviation "UE". the term "remote" and / or the terms "head mounted display" or its abbreviation "HMD" may mean or include (i) a wireless transmit and / or receive unit (WTRU); (ii) any of a number of embodiments of a WTRU; (iii) a wireless-capable and / or wired-capable (e.g., tetherable) device configured with, inter aha, some or all structures and functionality of a WTRU; (iii) a wireless-capable and / or wired-capable device configured with less than all structures and functionality of a WTRU; or (iv) the like. Details of an example WTRU. which may be representative of any WTRU recited herein, are provided herein with respect to FIGs. 1 A-1D. As another example, various disclosed embodiments herein supra and infra are described as utilizing a head mounted display. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a device other than the head mounted display may be utilized and some or all of the disclosure and various disclosed embodiments can be modified accordingly without undue experimentation. Examples of such other device may include a drone or other device configured to stream information for providing the adapted reality7experience.

[0469] In addition, the methods provided herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted over wired or wireless connections) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer- readable storage media include, but are not limited to. a read only memory7(ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a register, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks, and digital versatile disks (DVDs). A processor in association with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

[0470] Variations of the method, apparatus and system provided above are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. In view of the wide variety of embodiments that can be applied, it should be understood that the illustrated embodiments are examples only, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the following claims. For instance, the embodiments provided herein include handheld devices, which may include or be utilized with any appropriate voltage source, such as a battery and the like, providing any appropriate voltage.

[0471] Moreover, in the embodiments provided above, processing platforms, computing systems, controllers, and other devices that include processors are noted. These devices may include at least one Central Processing Unit ("CPU") and memory. In accordance with the practicesof persons skilled in the art of computer programming, reference to acts and symbolic representations of operations or instructions may be performed by the various CPUs and memories. Such acts and operations or instructions may be referred to as being "executed," "computer executed" or "CPU executed."

[0472] One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the acts and symbolically represented operations or instructions include the manipulation of electrical signals by the CPU. An electrical system represents data bits that can cause a resulting transformation or reduction of the electrical signals and the maintenance of data bits at memory locations in a memory system to thereby reconfigure or otherwise alter the CPU's operation, as well as other processing of signals. The memory' locations where data bits are maintained are physical locations that have particular electrical, magnetic, optical, or organic properties corresponding to or representative of the data bits. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the above-mentioned platforms or CPUs and that other platforms and CPUs may support the provided methods.

[0473] The data bits may also be maintained on a computer readable medium including magnetic disks, optical disks, and any other volatile (e.g., Random Access Memory (RAM)) or non-volatile (e.g., Read-Only Memory (ROM)) mass storage system readable by the CPU. The computer readable medium may include cooperating or interconnected computer readable medium, which exist exclusively' on the processing system or are distributed among multiple interconnected processing systems that may be local or remote to the processing system. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the above-mentioned memories and that other platforms and memories may support the provided methods.

[0474] In an illustrative embodiment, any of the operations, processes, etc. described herein may be implemented as computer-readable instructions stored on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable instructions may be executed by a processor of a mobile unit, a network element, and / or any other computing device.

[0475] There is little distinction left between hardware and software implementations of aspects of systems. The use of hardware or software is generally' (but not always, in that in certain contexts the choice between hardware and software may become significant) a design choice representing cost versus efficiency tradeoffs. There may be various vehicles by which processes and / or systems and / or other technologies described herein may be effected (e.g., hardware, software, and / or firmware), and the preferred vehicle may vary with the context in which the processes and / or systems and / or other technologies are deployed. For example, if an implementer determines that speed and accuracy are paramount, the implementer may opt for a mainly hardware and / or firmware vehicle. If flexibility is paramount, the implementer may opt for a mainly softwareimplementation. Alternatively, the implementer may opt for some combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware.

[0476] The foregoing detailed description has set forth various embodiments of the devices and / or processes via the use of block diagrams, flowcharts, and / or examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, flowcharts, and / or examples include one or more functions and / or operations, it will be understood by those within the art that each function and / or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, or examples may be implemented, individually and / or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. In an embodiment, several portions of the subject matter described herein may be implemented via Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), and / or other integrated formats. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein, in whole or in part, may be equivalently implemented in integrated circuits, as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof, and that designing the circuitry and / or writing the code for the software and or firmware would be well within the skill of one of skill in the art in light of this disclosure. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein may be distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that an illustrative embodiment of the subject matter described herein applies regardless of the particular type of signal bearing medium used to actually carry out the distribution. Examples of a signal bearing medium include, but are not limited to, the following: a recordable type medium such as a floppy disk, a hard disk drive, a CD, a DVD, a digital tape, a computer memory, etc., and a transmission type medium such as a digital and / or an analog communication medium (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a waveguide, a wired communications link, a wireless communication link, etc.).

[0477] Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is common within the art to describe devices and / or processes in the fashion set forth herein, and thereafter use engineering practices to integrate such described devices and / or processes into data processing systems. That is, at least a portion of the devices and / or processes described herein may be integrated into a data processing system via a reasonable amount of experimentation. Those having skill in the art will recognize that a typical data processing system may generally include one or more of a system unit housing, a video display device, a memory such as volatile and non-volatile memory, processors such as microprocessors and digital signal processors, computational entities such as operating systems,drivers, graphical user interfaces, and applications programs, one or more interaction devices, such as a touch pad or screen, and / or control systems including feedback loops and control motors (e.g., feedback for sensing position and / or velocity, control motors for moving and / or adjusting components and / or quantities). A typical data processing system may be implemented utilizing any suitable commercially available components, such as those typically found in data computing / communication and / or network computing / communication systems.

[0478] The herein described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components included within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures may be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality may be achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality may be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedia! components. Likewise, any two components so associated may also be viewed as being "operably connected", or "operably coupled", to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated may also be viewed as being "operably couplable" to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.

[0479] With respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.

[0480] It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to," the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least," the term "includes" should be interpreted as "includes but is not limited to." etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, where only one item is intended, the term "single" or similar language may be used. As an aid to understanding, the following appended claims and / or the descriptions herein may include usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However,the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim including such introduced claim recitation to embodiments including only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and / or "an" should be interpreted to mean "at least one" or "one or more"). The same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations," without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g.. "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" will be understood to include the possibilities of "A" or "B" or "A and B." Further, the terms "any of' follow ed by a listing of a plurality of items and / or a plurality of categories of items, as used herein, are intended to include "any of." "any combination of," "any multiple of." and / or "any combination of multiples of' the items and / or the categories of items, individually or in conjunction with other items and / or other categories of items. Moreover, as used herein, the term "set" is intended to include any number of items, including zero. Additionally, as used herein, the term "number" is intended to include any number, including zero. And the term "multiple", as used herein, is intended to be synonymous with "a plurality".

[0481] In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group.

[0482] As will be understood by one skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, such as in terms of providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subranges and combinations of subranges thereof. Any listed range can be easily recognized as sufficiently describing and enabling the same range being broken down into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As anon-limiting example, each range discussed herein may be readily broken down into a lower third, middle third and upper third, etc. As will also be understood by one skilled in the art all language such as "up to," "at least." "greater than." "less than," and the like includes the number recited and refers to ranges which can be subsequently broken down into subranges as discussed above. Finally, as will be understood by one skilled in the art, a range includes each individual member. Thus, for example, a group having 1-3 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, or 3 cells. Similarly, a group having 1-5 cells refers to groups having 1. 2, 3, 4. or 5 cells, and so forth.

[0483] Moreover, the claims should not be read as limited to the provided order or elements unless stated to that effect. In addition, use of the terms "means for" in any claim is intended to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 1 12. *| or means-plus-function claim format, and any claim without the terms "means for" is not so intended.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A method implemented by a wireless transmi t / receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: obtaining first information indicating a configuration associated with at least one low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) type, wherein the configuration comprises at least one reception duration, and at least one energy storage threshold; determining an activation of LP-WUS monitoring; determining a type of LP-WUS to monitor based on a comparison of an energy storage status of the WTRU and the at least one energy’ storage threshold; and receiving, from a network node, based on the determined type of LP-WUS and on the first information, at least one LP-WUS during the at least one reception duration.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one energy storage threshold comprises a first energy storage threshold, wherein the at least one reception duration comprises a first reception duration associated with the first energy storage threshold, and further comprising: based on the energy’ storage status of the WTRU satisfying the first energy storage threshold, receiving, during the first reception duration, a first LP-WUS associated with a first type, and receiving, after the first reception duration, a second LP-WUS associated with a second type.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the at least one energy storage threshold comprises a second energy storage threshold, wherein the second energy storage threshold is smaller than the energy storage threshold, wherein the at least one reception duration comprises a second reception duration associated with the second energy’ storage threshold, and further comprising: based on the energy storage status of the WTRU satisfying the first energy' storage threshold and on the energy storage status of the WTRU satisfying the second energy storage threshold, receiving, during the second reception duration, the first LP-WUS, and receiving, after the second reception duration, the second LP-WUS.

4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising: based on the energy storage status of the WTRU satisfying the second energy storage threshold, receiving, the second LP-WUS.

5. The method according to any of claims 2-4, wherein the first type is a LP-WUS without energy harvesting sequence, and the second type is a LP-WUS with energy harvesting sequence.

6. The method according to any of claims 1-5, further comprising sending, to the network node, second information indicating the determined type of LP-WUS.

7. The method according to any of claims 1-6, wherein determining an activation of LP-WUS monitoring comprises receiving, from the network node, third information indicating an activation of LP-WUS monitoring.

8. The method according to any of claims 1-6. wherein determining an activation of LP-WUS monitoring is based one or more WTRU measurements.

9. The method according to any of claims 1-8, further comprising, monitoring a physical downlink control channel associated with paging upon a reception of the at least one LP-WUS.

10. The method according to any of claims 1-9. further comprising, upon determining an activation of LP-WUS monitoring, sending to the network node, the energy storage status of the WTRU.

11. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), comprising a processor, a transmitter, a receiver, and memory, the WTRU being configured to: obtain first information indicating a configuration associated with at least one low power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) type, wherein the configuration comprises at least one reception duration, and at least one energy storage threshold; determine an activation of LP-WUS monitoring; determine a type of LP-WUS to monitor based on a comparison of an energy' storage status of the WTRU and the at least one energy' storage threshold; and receive, from a network node, based on the determined type of LP-WUS and on the first information, at least one LP-WUS during the at least one reception duration.

12. The WTRU according to claim 11, wherein the at least one energy storage threshold comprises a first energy storage threshold, wherein the at least one reception duration comprises a first reception duration associated with the first energy' storage threshold, and further comprising: based on the energy' storage status of the WTRU satisty ing the first energy storage threshold, receiving, during the first reception duration, a first LP-WUS associated with a first type, and receiving, after the first reception duration, a second LP-WUS associated with a second type.

13. The WTRU according to claim 12, wherein the at least one energy storage threshold comprises a second energy storage threshold, wherein the second energy storage threshold is smaller than the energy storage threshold, wherein the at least one reception duration comprises a second reception duration associated w ith the second energy' storage threshold, and further comprising: based on the energy storage status of the WTRU satisfying the first energy’ storage threshold and on the energy storage status of the WTRU satisfying the second energy storage threshold.receiving, during the second reception duration, the first LP-WUS, and receiving, after the second reception duration, the second LP-WUS.

14. The WTRU according to claim 13, further comprising: based on the energy storage status of the WTRU satisfying the second energy storage threshold, receiving, the second LP-WUS.

15. The WTRU according to any of claims 12-14, wherein the first ty pe is a LP-WUS without energy harvesting sequence, and the second type is a LP-WUS with energy harvesting sequence.

16. The WTRU according to any of claims 11-15, further comprising sending, to the network node, second information indicating the determined type of LP-WUS.

17. The WTRU according to any of claims 11-16. wherein determining an activation of LP-WUS monitoring comprises receiving, from the network node, third information indicating an activation of LP-WUS monitoring.

18. The WTRU according to any of claims 11-16, wherein determining an activation of LP-WUS monitoring is based one or more WTRU measurements.

19. The WTRU according to any of claims 11-18, further comprising, monitoring a physical downlink control channel associated with paging upon a reception of the at least one LP-WUS.

20. The WTRU according to any of claims 11-19, further comprising, upon determining an activation of LP-WUS monitoring, sending to the network node, the energy storage status of the WTRU.

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