Waste separation and cleaning equipment

Abstract

Waste separation and cleaning equipment, characterized in that it comprises a hermetically sealed chamber (1) with a lower outlet (11) and an impact element (2) above the outlet (11), the impact element (2) being formed by a horizontal-axis impact rotor (21) connected to a motor, the rotor (21) having a series of impact bars (22).

Description

Waste separation and cleaning equipment TECHNICAL SECTOR The present invention is a separation and cleaning equipment for post-consumer non-ferrous or ferrous metallic and electronic waste, by means of a totally mechanical and dry system, which allows the disintegration of embedded materials, the removal of paint (pickling) and the increase in the density of the metallic or ferrous fraction, separating the components that are heterogeneous from each other. The equipment transforms waste such as metal scrap from crushers or shredders, aluminum slag, incinerated metals, and other types of aluminum, ferrous or electronic scrap, so that, in combination with other common technologies, it allows the efficient recovery of reusable materials through a sustainable and versatile process. STATE OF THE ART Current waste separation and cleaning systems require wet processes or chemical combinations to remove paint and separate embedded materials, generating polluting liquid waste and high treatment costs. Similarly, some conventional methods employ pyrolysis for paint stripping, a process that involves the thermal decomposition of paints at high temperatures (above 400°C), with the consequent energy consumption and emission of polluting gases. The proposed equipment, among other functions, performs the mechanical separation of constituents, such as pickling, through a completely mechanical and dry process that is safer, more efficient, and more sustainable. The applicant is unaware of any equipment that could be considered similar to the invention, or that proposes a solution to the same technical problems. BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION The invention consists of a waste separation and cleaning equipment according to the claims. The proposed solution offers a significant improvement over current methods for treating metallic, ferrous, and electronic waste by integrating a controlled separation system into a single unit. This system combines impact, suspension, and friction between materials, achieving more effective cleaning, stripping, and disintegration without the use of water or chemicals. This feature considerably reduces operating costs, simplifies facility maintenance, and minimizes the generation of secondary waste. Furthermore, the process improves the quality of the recovered metal fraction, increasing its commercial value and facilitating its reintegration into production cycles, thus directly contributing to the sustainability of the recycling sector and the circular economy. Overall, the process applied with the equipment not only improves efficiency and material recovery, but also significantly reduces the environmental footprint, as it is a system that, by its very design, is less polluting than conventional methods. It is a device consisting of a chamber with a lower outlet and a striking element above the outlet. Ideally, the outlet includes a hatch. The striking element consists of an impact rotor, with a horizontal axis and connected to a motor, with a series of impact bars. Ideally, the bottom of the chamber is converging, so that the debris is directed towards the striking element. In a preferred embodiment, the chamber comprises a suction system with a top outlet and an inlet at a midpoint on one side. More preferably, the bottom of the camera has an anti-wear coating. The most complete version of the equipment covered by this utility model offers a series of technical, operational and environmental advantages over traditional systems for the treatment of metallic, ferrous or non-ferrous, and electronic waste: - Completely dry and mechanical process: eliminates the need to use water, chemicals or wet processes, avoiding the generation of polluting effluents and reducing the costs of waste treatment and management. - Greater environmental sustainability: by not generating liquid waste or chemical emissions, the process has a minimal environmental impact. - High efficiency in disintegration and cleaning: the design of the crushing chamber and the action of the impact rotor allow the separation of embedded materials, the removal of paints and coatings, and the increase in the purity and density of the metal fraction. - Optimized recovery of reusable materials: the combination of the mechanical process with conventional separation technologies allows obtaining high-quality metallic materials for revaluation or recycling. - Robust and durable design: the crushing chamber is built with high mechanical strength materials and anti-wear coatings, which extends its service life and reduces maintenance costs. - Controlled and adaptable operation: batch processing and adjustment of time and load parameters allow the equipment's operation to be adapted to the type of waste being treated, guaranteeing homogeneous and controlled results. - Efficient dust extraction system: The built-in vacuum system improves process cleanliness, reduces particle emissions into the environment, and contributes to compliance with environmental regulations. - Versatility of application: the equipment can be used for different types of waste such as scrap metal, incinerated metals or electronic fragments, increasing its field of industrial use. Other specific achievements will be discussed later with the support of the figures. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The following figures are included for a better understanding of the invention. Figure 1.- Shows a schematic side view of an installation with the equipment. Figure 2.- Shows a side section of the equipment, in which its main constituent elements can be seen. MODES OF REALIZING THE INVENTION Next, a brief description is given of one way of carrying out the invention, as an illustrative and non-limiting example thereof. The equipment comprises a crushing chamber (1) with a striking element (2) at its lower end, having an outlet (11) on the other side of the striking element (2). The striking element (2) consists of a horizontal-axis impact rotor (21) with a series of impact bars (22). The rotor (21) is connected to a motor (not visible) to rotate at a high speed to keep the waste in suspension, such as at least 375 rpm (counterclockwise in Figure 2). The connection to the motor can be direct or via a transmission. During operation, the chamber (1) is hermetically sealed between the waste loading and the discharge of the treated waste. The bars (22) are preferably removable, for replacement, using longitudinal slots in the rotor (21). The chamber (1) has a lower section that converges towards the impact element (2) and is coated with a wear-resistant material (12) such as manganese steel. The distance between the bars (22) and the lower wall of the chamber (1) is, for example, 300 mm, preferably adjustable. Thus, when the rotor (21) is rotating, the debris is thrown against the walls and cannot exit through the outlet (11) at the bottom of the chamber (1) unless it is smaller than the distance between the bars (22) and the wall. Instead, the debris remains suspended, repeatedly interacting with each other and with the inner walls throughout the chamber's internal path. This process breaks down embedded materials, removes paint from metals, and increases the density of the metal fraction. The outlet (11) is preferably closed by a trapdoor to ensure that no debris exits directly without residence time in the chamber (1). To control this process, feeding is done in batches from the top of the chamber (1). During waste batch processing, the equipment operates under airtight conditions. Once the process is complete, dust and gases are extracted or removed. For this purpose, the equipment is equipped with a suction or blowing system (5) that removes the dust generated inside the chamber, which can be captured in cyclones (3), filters (4), settling chambers, etc. The air outlet can be located at the top of the chamber (1). Once the dust has been removed, the outlet hatch or door (11) is opened to empty the treated waste.

Claims

1. Waste separation and cleaning equipment, characterized in that it comprises a hermetically sealed chamber (1) with a lower outlet (11) and an impact element (2) above the outlet (11), the impact element (2) being formed by a horizontal-axis impact rotor (21) connected to a motor, the rotor (21) having a series of impact bars (22).

2. Waste separation and cleaning equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the chamber (1) is convergent.

3. Waste separation and cleaning equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the chamber (1) has a wear-resistant coating (12).

4. Waste separation and cleaning equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet (11) comprises a trapdoor.