Cell stimulation and / or selection devices and method of use

Abstract

This document describes devices and methods for selecting and stimulating a plurality of cells in a sample using column chromatography. In some respects, a device is provided comprising a temperature control element for heating the chromatography stationary phase and a connector configured to supply air to said phase during column chromatography. In some respects, the devices and methods described herein reduce the time required to generate a population of selected and stimulated cells, useful for genetic engineering and, ultimately, for cell therapy, compared to existing devices and methods.

Description

Cell stimulation and / or selection devices and method of use Field This disclosure relates to cell stimulation and / or selection devices and methods of use. In some respects, the selected and / or stimulated cells are useful for genetic modification and, ultimately, cell therapy. Background Various cell therapy methods are available for treating diseases and conditions. Among these methods are those involving immune cells, such as T cells (e.g., CD4+ and CD8+ T cells), which can be genetically modified with a recombinant receptor, such as a chimeric antigen receptor. US patent 2010 / 0005867 A1 discloses a temperature control unit for a fluidic device comprising a column that can be filled with a packing composition. WO patent 2014 / 008058 A1 discloses a device for performing liquid chromatography comprising a chromatographic column and an insulating element surrounding the chromatographic column. A plurality of heaters can heat the stationary phase of the column, which is disposed in an internal cavity between two housing members.US patent 2017 / 0282096 A1 also discloses a device comprising a chromatographic column and a surrounding vacuum-insulated jacket that could be used for heating. The chromatographic column may include two frits between the inlet / outlet and the stationary phase. Improved devices and methods are needed to generate cell populations suitable for use, for example, in cell therapy. Devices, articles of manufacture, and methods that meet these needs are provided. Summary In some embodiments, a column chromatography housing assembly is disclosed herein, comprising: an inlet housing member and an outlet housing member, at least the inlet housing member and the outlet housing member forming an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography; a temperature control member configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity; and a connector configured to operatively connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of gas into the internal cavity, for example, during at least a portion of a chromatography run. In some embodiments, the housing assembly further comprises a sidewall member, and the inlet housing member, outlet housing member, and sidewall member form the internal cavity.In some embodiments, a column chromatography housing assembly is provided herein, comprising: an inlet housing member, an outlet housing member, and a side wall member, wherein the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography; a temperature control member configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity; and a connector configured to operatively connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of gas into the internal cavity. In some embodiments, a column chromatography housing assembly is provided herein, comprising: a chromatography column comprising an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase; a temperature control member configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity; and a connector configured to operatively connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of gas into the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the chromatography column comprises an inlet housing member, an outlet housing member, and a sidewall member, wherein the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the sidewall member form the internal cavity. In any of the above configurations, the connector can be placed on the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member and / or the side wall member. In any of the above configurations, the connector can be formed between any two or all three of the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member. In any of the above modalities, the housing assembly may comprise a plurality of connectors. In any of the above embodiments, the connector may be a bonded connector, a screw connector, a luer connector (e.g., a luer lock connector or a luer slip connector), a serrated connector, or any combination thereof. In any of the above embodiments, the connector may be a luer lock connector or a luer slip connector. In any of the above embodiments, the connector may comprise a male fitting or a female fitting. In any of the above embodiments, the connector may be configured to hermetically seal the fluid-communicating piping with the gas source. In any of the above embodiments, the connector may comprise one or more valves. In any of the above embodiments, the connector may be operatively connected to the piping comprising one or more valves. In any of the above embodiments, the connector may comprise one or more filters. In any of the above embodiments, the connector may be operatively connected to the piping comprising one or more filters. In any of the above embodiments, the one or more filters may be a gas filter, for example, an air filter. In any of the above embodiments, the one or more filters may be an air filter. In any of the above embodiments, the one or more filters may be a sterile filter and / or a sterilization filter for filtration sterilization. In any of the above embodiments, the one or more filters may be a sterile filter. In any of the above embodiments, the one or more filters may be a sterilization filter for filtration sterilization. In any of the above embodiments, the inlet housing member may comprise a top cover for the housing assembly. In some embodiments, the top cover is removably attached to the inlet housing member or the side wall member. In some embodiments, the top cover is integrally formed with the inlet housing member or the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, the connector may be positioned on the top cover. In any of the above embodiments, the inlet housing member may comprise one or more inlets operatively connected to the internal cavity to permit the admission of an inlet composition into the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the one or more inlets are located on the top cover. In some embodiments, the connector and the one or more inlets are located on the top cover in the same or different locations. In any of the above configurations, the fluid path through the one or more inlets may be at an angle of approximately 90 degrees to the top cap, while the fluid path through the connector may be at an angle of approximately 45 degrees to the top cap. In any of the above embodiments, the outlet housing member may comprise a bottom cover of the housing assembly. In some embodiments, the bottom cover is removably attached to the outlet housing member or the side wall member, or the bottom cover is integrally formed with the outlet housing member or the side wall member. In any of the foregoing embodiments, the outlet housing member may comprise one or more outlets operatively connected to the internal cavity to permit or effect the discharge of an outlet composition from the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the one or more outlets are located on the bottom cap. In some embodiments, the connector and the one or more outlets are located on the bottom cap in the same or different locations. In some embodiments, the fluid path through the one or more outlets is at an angle of approximately 90 degrees to the bottom cap. In any of the above embodiments, the gas source may be or comprise a gas storage tank or an external environment. In any of the above embodiments, the gas in the gas source may be sterile. In any of the above embodiments, the gas may be or comprise air. In any of the above embodiments, the housing assembly may further comprise a pipe operatively connected to the gas source. In some embodiments, the pipe is configured to sterilely connect the internal cavity to the gas source. In any of the above embodiments, the pipe may comprise one or more valves. In any of the above embodiments, the pipe may comprise one or more filters. In any of the above embodiments, the housing assembly may further comprise one or more porous members, for example, a cell sieve or a cell screen. In some embodiments, the one or more porous members may be a cell sieve or a cell screen. In some embodiments, the housing assembly comprises a first porous member configured to separate the stationary phase and an inlet from the internal cavity, and the first porous member is optionally located between the inlet housing member and the side wall member. In some embodiments, the housing assembly further comprises a second porous member configured to separate the stationary phase and an outlet from the internal cavity, and the second porous member is optionally located between the outlet housing member and the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, the housing assembly may comprise a first porous member configured to separate the stationary phase and an inlet from the internal cavity, wherein the first porous member is optionally located between the inlet housing member and the sidewall member; and / or a second porous member configured to separate the stationary phase and an outlet from the internal cavity, wherein the second porous member is optionally located between the outlet housing member and the sidewall member. In some embodiments, either the first porous member or the second porous member is independently a cell sieve or a cell screen. In either of the above embodiments, the first porous member may be located between the inlet housing member and the side wall member. In either of the above embodiments, the second porous member may be located between the outlet housing member and the side wall member. In any of the above modalities, the one or more porous members may have an average pore diameter of approximately 20 µm, or the one or more porous members may comprise a mesh having a mesh size of approximately 20 µm. In any of the above modes, the temperature control member can be configured to regulate or maintain a stationary phase temperature in the internal cavity. In any of the above modes, the temperature control member can be configured to heat the stationary phase in the internal cavity from an initial temperature (e.g., ambient temperature) to a target temperature between approximately 35°C and approximately 39°C (e.g., approximately 37°C). In any of the above modes, the target temperature can be approximately 37°C. In some modes, the temperature control member is further configured to maintain the stationary phase at the target temperature. In any of the above modes, the temperature control member can be configured to heat the stationary phase to a target temperature between approximately 30°C and approximately 39°C. In any of the above modes, the target temperature can be between approximately 35°C and approximately 39°C, optionally or approximately 37°C. In any of the above modes, the target temperature can be or approximately 37°C. In some modes, the temperature control member is further configured to maintain the stationary phase at the target temperature. In any of the above embodiments, the housing assembly may include a temperature sensor configured to measure the temperature of the stationary phase in the internal cavity. The temperature sensor may be part of the temperature control member or provided separately. In some embodiments, the temperature sensor is configured to be coupled to a monitoring / display unit. In any of the above embodiments, the temperature control member may comprise a heating source. In any of the above embodiments, the temperature control member may be configured to be operationally connected to a heating source that is external to the housing assembly. In any of the above embodiments, the temperature control member may comprise a heating element or a plurality of heating elements. In any of the above modes, the heating element and / or the plurality of heating elements can be configured to heat the stationary phase uniformly. In any of the foregoing embodiments, the temperature control member may comprise a heating element selected from the group consisting of an electric heating element, an electromagnetic induction heating element, a non-electric heating element, and any combination thereof. In any of the foregoing embodiments, the temperature control member may comprise a plurality of heating elements, each selected from the group consisting of an electric heating element, an electromagnetic induction heating element, a non-electric heating element, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the heating element is an electric heating element. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements is an electric heating element.In some embodiments, the electrical heating element comprises a metal plate, a metal rod, a metal wire, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the electrical heating element can be configured to be connected to a power source external to the housing assembly. In some embodiments, the heating element is an electromagnetic induction heating element. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements is an electromagnetic induction heating element. In some embodiments, the electromagnetic induction heating element comprises an induction heating coil surrounding a magnetizable core configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the heating element is a non-electric heating element.In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements is a non-electric heating element. In some embodiments, the non-electric heating element comprises a heating channel with an inlet and an outlet for a heated fluid, e.g., a heated liquid or gas. In some embodiments, the heated fluid may be a heated liquid or a heated gas. In some embodiments, the heating channel may be a heating coil. In some embodiments, the heated fluid may be heated water. In some embodiments, the heating channel is a heating coil and the heated fluid is heated water. In some embodiments, the inlet for heated water is configured to connect to an external heated water tank. In any of the above embodiments, the heating element may be positioned along and / or around a central axis of the internal cavity.In any of the above embodiments, the heating element may be placed inside the inner cavity, outside the inner cavity, or partially inside and partially outside the inner cavity. In any of the above embodiments, the heating element may be placed inside the side wall member, outside the side wall member, or partially inside and partially outside the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, the heating element may comprise a coil surrounding the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and / or the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, the heating element may comprise a heating channel surrounding the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and / or the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, the heating element may comprise a heating coil surrounding the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and / or the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements may be positioned along and / or around a central axis of the internal cavity. In any of the above embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements may be positioned inside the internal cavity, outside the internal cavity, or partially inside and partially outside the internal cavity.In any of the above embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements may be placed inside the side wall member, outside the side wall member, or partially inside and partially outside the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, the heating element and / or at least one of the plurality of heating elements may surround at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, the heating element and / or at least one of the plurality of heating elements may surround at least a portion of the side wall member. In any of the above modalities, the plurality of heating elements can be distributed uniformly or approximately uniformly around the circumference of the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, at least a portion of the heating element and / or at least a portion of at least one of the plurality of heating elements may be in contact with at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member, optionally at least a portion of the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, at least a portion of the heating element and / or at least a portion of at least one of the plurality of heating elements may be in contact with at least a portion of the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, at least a portion of the heating element and / or at least a portion of at least one of the plurality of heating elements may not be in contact with the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, or the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, the housing assembly may further comprise an insulating layer between the heating element and / or at least one of the plurality of heating elements and at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, the insulating layer may comprise a gas, optionally air, or a liquid. In some embodiments, the insulating layer may comprise air. In any of the above embodiments, the heating element may comprise a heating channel and the heating channel may surround at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, the heating element may comprise a heating coil and the heating coil may surround at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, the plurality of heating elements may comprise a plurality of heating channels surrounding at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, at least two of the plurality of heating channels may be fluidly coupled to each other. In any of the above embodiments, the plurality of heating elements may be a plurality of electric heating elements surrounding at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, at least two of the plurality of electric heating elements may be electrically coupled to each other. In any of the above embodiments, at least one of the plurality of electric heating elements may be configured to be electrically connected to a power source external to the housing assembly. In any of the above embodiments, the housing assembly may further comprise a sleeve member comprising the heating element or at least one of the plurality of heating elements, wherein the sleeve member is configured to surround at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, the housing assembly may further comprise a sleeve member comprising the temperature control member comprising the heating element or at least one of the plurality of heating elements, wherein the sleeve member is configured to surround at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, the shirt member surrounds at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, the sleeve member can be releasably connected together to encircle at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In any of the above configurations, the sleeve member can be configured to surround at least a portion of the side wall member; optionally, it can be configured to completely surround the side wall member. In any of the above configurations, the sleeve member can be configured to completely surround the side wall member. In any of the above configurations, the sleeve member can surround at least a portion of the side wall member; optionally, it can completely surround the side wall member. In any of the above configurations, the sleeve member can be configured to completely surround the side wall member. In any of the above configurations, the sleeve member can completely surround the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, the sleeve member may comprise two or more sleeve components configured to jointly encircle at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member, optionally completely encircling the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, the sleeve member may comprise two or more sleeve components configured to jointly encircle at least a portion of the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, the sleeve member may comprise two or more sleeve components configured to jointly encircle the side wall member completely. In either of the above scenarios, a portion of the incoming accommodation member's one or more entries and / or a portion of the outgoing accommodation member's one or more exits may be exposed by the shirt member. In either of the above scenarios, a portion of the incoming accommodation member's one or more entries and / or a portion of the outgoing accommodation member's one or more exits may be outside the shirt member. In any of the above embodiments, at least a portion of the shirt member may be in contact with at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member, optionally at least a portion of the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, at least a portion of the shirt member may be in contact with at least a portion of the side wall member. In any of the above modalities, at least a portion of the shirt member may not be in contact with the inlet accommodation member, the outlet accommodation member, or the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, the heating element or at least one of the plurality of heating elements may be a heating channel comprising an inlet and an outlet for a heated fluid, and the jacket member may comprise at least one inlet opening for the heating fluid and at least one outlet opening for the heated fluid. In any of the above embodiments, the heating element or at least one of the plurality of heating elements may be an electric heating element and the sleeve member may be arranged so that the electric heating element is configured to be electrically connected to a power supply external to the housing assembly. In any of the above modes, the two or more shirt components can be configured to be releasably connected together. In any of the above embodiments, the sleeve member may comprise a plurality of heating elements, and at least two of the two or more sleeve components may each comprise at least one of the plurality of heating elements. In any of the above embodiments, at least two of the two or more sleeve components may each further comprise a temperature sensor. In any of the above embodiments, at least two of the two or more jacket components may each comprise a heating channel comprising an inlet and an outlet for a heated fluid, optionally heated water. In some embodiments, the heated fluid may be heated water. In any of the above embodiments, the heating channels of at least two of the two or more jacket components may be seamlessly connected to one another. In any of the above embodiments, at least one inlet of the heating channels of at least two of the two or more jacket components may be configured to connect to an external heated water reservoir. In any of the above embodiments, at least two of the two or more jacket components may each comprise an electric heating element, optionally an electric heating element comprising a metal plate. In any of the above embodiments, the electric heating elements of at least two of the two or more jacket components may be electrically coupled to each other. In any of the above embodiments, the electric heating elements of at least two of the two or more jacket components may be configured to be electrically connected to a power source external to the housing assembly. In some embodiments, a column chromatography housing assembly is provided herein, comprising: an inlet housing member, an outlet housing member, and a side wall member, wherein the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography; a temperature control member configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity and to regulate or maintain a temperature of the stationary phase in the internal cavity; and a connector configured to operatively connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of gas into the internal cavity. In some embodiments, a column chromatography housing assembly is provided herein, comprising: an inlet housing member, an outlet housing member, and a side wall member, wherein the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography; a temperature control member comprising a heating element and configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity and to regulate or maintain a temperature of the stationary phase in the internal cavity; and a connector configured to operatively connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of gas into the internal cavity. In some embodiments, a column chromatography housing assembly is provided herein, comprising: an inlet housing member, an outlet housing member, and a side wall member, wherein the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography; a temperature control member comprising a heating element positioned along and / or around a central axis of the internal cavity, the heating element being configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity; and a connector configured to operatively and sterilely connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of sterile gas into the internal cavity. In some embodiments, a column chromatography housing assembly is provided herein, comprising: an inlet housing member, an outlet housing member, and a side wall member, wherein the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography; a temperature control member comprising a heating element comprising a metal plate configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity; and a connector configured to operatively and sterilely connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of sterile gas into the internal cavity. In some embodiments, a column chromatography housing assembly is disclosed herein, comprising: an inlet housing member, an outlet housing member, and a side wall member, wherein the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography; a temperature control member comprising a heating element comprising a heating coil configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity; and a connector configured to operatively and sterilely connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of sterile gas into the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the heating coil comprises an inlet and an outlet for heated water. In any of the above configurations, the heating coil can surround the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member. In some embodiments, a column chromatography housing assembly is provided herein, comprising: an inlet housing member, an outlet housing member, and a side wall member, wherein the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography; a temperature control member comprising a heating element configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity; and a connector configured to operatively and sterilely connect the internal cavity to a gas filter, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of sterile gas into the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the gas filter is an air filter, and the sterile gas is sterile air.In any of the above configurations, the housing assembly may also include the gas filter. In some embodiments, the chromatography column may comprise an inlet housing member, an outlet housing member, and a sidewall member, wherein the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the sidewall member form the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the sleeve member may be releasably connected together to encircle at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the sidewall member. In any of the foregoing embodiments, the housing assembly may further comprise a connector configured to operatively and sterilely connect the internal cavity to a gas filter, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of sterile gas into the internal cavity. In some embodiments, a column chromatography housing assembly is provided herein, comprising: an inlet housing member, an outlet housing member, and a side wall member, wherein the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography; a temperature control member configured to regulate or maintain a temperature of the stationary phase, wherein the temperature control member comprises a heating coil configured to provide heat to the stationary phase; and a jacket member comprising the heating coil, wherein the jacket member is releasably connected to surround at least a portion of the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member.and a connector configured to operationally and sterilely connect the internal cavity to a gas filter, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of sterile gas into the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the heating coil completely surrounds the side wall member. In some embodiments, the sleeve member may comprise a second heating coil, and the heating coil and the second heating coil may jointly surround the side wall member. In some embodiments, a column chromatography housing assembly is provided herein, comprising: an inlet housing member, an outlet housing member, and a side wall member, wherein the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography; a temperature control member configured to regulate or maintain a temperature of the stationary phase, wherein the temperature control member comprises the electrical heating element comprising a metal plate and configured to provide heat to the stationary phase;a sleeve member comprising the electric heating element, wherein the sleeve member is releasably connected to encircle at least a portion of the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member; and a connector configured to operatively and sterilely connect the internal cavity to a gas filter, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of sterile gas into the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the sleeve member may comprise a plurality of electrical heating elements comprising metal plates and distributed uniformly or approximately uniformly around the circumference of the sidewall member. In some embodiments, a housing assembly is disclosed herein, comprising a plurality of the housing assembly of any of the above embodiments. In some embodiments, the housing assembly comprises at least two of the plurality of housing assemblies arranged sequentially. In any of the above embodiments, the housing assembly may comprise at least two of the plurality of housing assemblies arranged in parallel. In some embodiments, a chromatography system is provided herein, comprising the housing assembly of any of the above embodiments and at least one additional chromatography column. In some embodiments, a chromatography kit is provided herein, comprising the housing assembly or the housing assembly of any of the preceding embodiments, and a stationary phase for column chromatography. In some embodiments, a chromatography kit is provided herein, comprising the chromatography system of any of the preceding embodiments, and a stationary phase for column chromatography. In some embodiments, a chromatography kit is provided herein, comprising the sleeve member of any of the preceding embodiments, a chromatography column, and a stationary phase for column chromatography. In some embodiments, a chromatography column or assembly of chromatography columns is provided herein, comprising the housing assembly or assembly of housing assemblies of any of the preceding embodiments, and a stationary phase for column chromatography in the internal cavity of one or more of the housing assembly. In some embodiments, a chromatography column is provided herein, comprising the sleeve member of any of the preceding embodiments and a chromatography column, wherein the internal cavity of the chromatography column comprises a stationary phase for column chromatography.In some embodiments, a set of chromatography columns is provided herein, comprising at least one sleeve member of any of the foregoing embodiments and a plurality of chromatography columns, wherein the internal cavity of each chromatography column comprises a stationary phase for column chromatography. In some embodiments, the plurality of chromatography columns may be arranged sequentially or in parallel, optionally wherein the plurality of chromatography columns are operatively connected. In any of the foregoing embodiments, the plurality of chromatography columns may comprise a first chromatography column and a second chromatography column, wherein the at least one sleeve member may be configured to surround the second chromatography column.In some embodiments, the stationary phase comprises a gel filtration matrix. In any of the above embodiments, the stationary phase may comprise an affinity chromatography matrix. In any of the above embodiments, the stationary phase may be or comprise a non-magnetic, non-ferromagnetic, or non-paramagnetic material.In any of the above embodiments, the stationary phase may be or comprise a selection from the group consisting of a cellulose membrane, a plastic membrane, a polysaccharide gel, a polyacrylamide gel, an agarose gel, polysaccharide-grafted silica, polyvinylpyrrolidone-grafted silica, polyethylene oxide-grafted silica, poly(2-hydroxyethylaspartamide) silica, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted silica, a styrenedivinylbenzene gel, a copolymer of an acrylate or an acrylamide and a diol, a copolymer of a polysaccharide and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and a combination thereof. In any of the above embodiments, the stationary phase may be or comprise a monolithic matrix, a particulate matrix, and / or a planar matrix.In some embodiments, the particulate matrix has an average particle size of approximately 5 µm to approximately 200 µm, approximately 5 µm to approximately 600 µm, or approximately 5 µm to approximately 1500 µm. In any of the above embodiments, the stationary phase may have an average pore size of approximately 1 nm to approximately 500 nm. In any of the above modalities, the stationary phase may comprise a selection agent immobilized thereon. In some modalities, the selection agent is capable of specifically binding to a selection marker on the surface of one or more cells. In any of the above modalities, the one or more cells may be immune cells. In some modalities, the one or more cells are T cells. In any of the above embodiments, the selection agent may be or comprise an agent selected from the group consisting of antibody fragments, monovalent antibody fragments, proteinaceous binding molecules with immunoglobulin-like functions, molecules containing Ig domains, cytokines, chemokines, aptamers, MHC molecules, MHC-peptide complexes, receptor ligands, and binding fragments thereof. In any of the above embodiments, the selection agent may be or comprise an antibody fragment. In any of the above embodiments, the selection agent may be or comprise a Fab fragment. In any of the above embodiments, the selection agent may be or comprise one selected from the group of divalent antibody fragments consisting of F(ab')2 fragments and divalent single-chain Fv fragments (scFv).In either of the above embodiments, the selection agent may be or comprise a monovalent antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab fragments, Fv fragments, and scFv fragments. In either of the above embodiments, the selection agent may be or comprise a proteinaceous binding molecule with antibody-like binding properties, selected from the group consisting of aptamers, muteins based on a lipocalin family polypeptide, glucores, ankyrin scaffold-based proteins, crystal scaffold-based proteins, adnectins, and avimers. In any of the above embodiments, the selection agent may further comprise biotin, a biotin analogue that reversibly binds to a streptavidin or avidin, a streptavidin-binding peptide selected from the group consisting of Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 8), Ser-Ala-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys-(GlyGlyGlySer) 3-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 15), Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys-(GlyGlyGlySer) 3-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 17) , SAWSHPQFEKGGGSGGGSGGSAWSHPQFEK (SEQ ID NO: 16), Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys- (GlyGlyGlySer) 2-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 18) and Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys- (GlyGlyGlySer) 2Gly-Gly-Ser-Ala-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 19), a calmodulin-binding peptide that reversibly binds calmodulin,a FLAG peptide that binds reversibly to an antibody that binds to the FLAG peptide and an oligohistidine tag that binds reversibly to an antibody that binds to the oligohistidine tag. In either of the above embodiments, the screening agent may comprise a streptavidin-binding peptide. In any of the above modalities, the selection marker may be or comprise a T-cell coreceptor. In any of the above modalities, the selection marker may be or comprise a member of a T-cell antigen receptor complex. In any of the above modalities, the selection marker may be or comprise a CD3 complex. In any of the above modalities, the selection marker may be or comprise a CD3 chain. In any of the above modalities, the selection marker may be or comprise a CD3, CD3, CD3, or CD3 chain. In any of the above modalities, the selection marker may be or comprise CD8. In any of the above modalities, the selection marker may be or comprise CD4. In any of the above modalities, the selection marker may be or comprise CD45RA.In any of the above modes, the selection marker may be or comprise CD27. In any of the above modes, the selection marker may be or comprise CD28. In any of the above modes, the selection marker may be or comprise CCR7. In any of the above modalities, the specific binding between the selection agent and the selection marker may not result in the induction of a signal, for example, the induction of a stimulatory, activating, or proliferative signal, to the T cells. In any of the above embodiments, the selection agent may be or comprise an anti-CD3 Fab, an anti-CD8 Fab, or an anti-CD4 Fab. In any of the above embodiments, the selection agent may be or comprise an anti-CD27 Fab. In any of the above embodiments, the selection agent may be bound directly or indirectly to the stationary phase. In any of the above embodiments, the selection agent may be bound indirectly to the stationary phase via a selection reagent to which the selection agent binds reversibly. In any of the above embodiments, the selection reagent may be or comprise streptavidin, avidin, a streptavidin mutein reversibly bound to biotin, a biotin analogue, or a biologically active fragment thereof; an avidin or streptavidin mutein reversibly bound to a streptavidin-binding peptide; a reagent comprising at least two K chelating groups, wherein the at least two chelating groups are capable of binding a transition metal ion; an agent capable of binding an oligohistidine affinity tag; an agent capable of binding glutathione S-transferase; calmodulin or an analogue thereof; an agent capable of binding a calmodulin-binding peptide (CBP); an agent capable of binding a FLAG peptide; an agent capable of binding an HA tag; an agent capable of binding a maltose-binding protein (MBP); an agent capable of binding to an HSV epitope;an agent capable of binding to a myc epitope; or an agent capable of binding to a biotinylated carrier protein. In either of the above embodiments, the selection reagent may be or comprise a streptavidin mutain that reversibly binds to a streptavidin-binding peptide. In either of the above embodiments, the selection agent immobilized on the stationary phase of at least one of the plurality of chromatography columns may be an anti-CD4 antibody (e.g., an anti-CD4 Fab), and the selection agent immobilized on the stationary phase of at least one of the plurality of chromatography columns may be an anti-CD8 antibody (e.g., an anti-CD8 Fab). In either of the above embodiments, the selection agent immobilized on the stationary phase of at least one of the plurality of chromatography columns may be an anti-CD4 Fab, and the selection agent immobilized on the stationary phase of at least one of the plurality of chromatography columns may be an anti-CD8 Fab. In any of the above embodiments, the selection agent immobilized on the stationary phase of at least one of the plurality of chromatography columns may be an anti-CD3 antibody (e.g., an anti-CD3 Fab), and the selection agent immobilized on the stationary phase of at least one of the plurality of chromatography columns may be an antibody targeting CD45RA, CD27, CD28, or CCR7, optionally an anti-CD27 antibody (e.g., an anti-CD27 Fab). In any of the above embodiments, the selection agent immobilized on the stationary phase of at least one of the plurality of chromatography columns may be an anti-CD3 Fab, and the selection agent immobilized on the stationary phase of at least one of the plurality of chromatography columns may be an anti-CD27 Fab. In any of the above modalities, the selection agent immobilized on the stationary phase of at least one of the plurality of chromatography columns may be an anti-CD4 antibody (e.g., anti-CD4 Fab), the selection agent immobilized on at least one other of the plurality of chromatography columns may be an anti-CD8 antibody (e.g., anti-CD8 Fab), and the selection agent immobilized on the stationary phase of at least one additional of the plurality of chromatography columns may be an antibody that targets CD45RA, CD27, CD28 or CCR7, optionally an anti-CD27 antibody (e.g., an anti-CD27 Fab).In any of the above modalities, the selection agent immobilized on the stationary phase of at least one of the plurality of chromatography columns may be an anti-CD4 Fab, the selection agent immobilized on at least one other of the plurality of chromatography columns may be an anti-CD8 Fab, and the selection agent immobilized on the stationary phase of at least one additional of the plurality of chromatography columns may be an anti-CD27 Fab. In any of the above embodiments, the chromatography kit, chromatography column, or chromatography column assembly may further comprise one or more stimulating agents capable of delivering a stimulatory signal to one or more T cells. In some embodiments, the stationary phase comprises at least one of the stimulating agents. In some embodiments, the stimulating agents are immobilized in the stationary phase of the chromatography column or chromatography column assembly. In some embodiments, the stimulating agents are immobilized indirectly. In some embodiments, the stimulating agents are immobilized indirectly by means of a streptavidin mutein that is reversibly bound to a streptavidin-binding peptide.In some embodiments, the chromatography kit may comprise a stimulating reagent, wherein the stimulating reagent comprises one or more stimulating agents capable of delivering a stimulatory signal to one or more T cells. In some embodiments, at least one of the stimulating agents is a first stimulating agent, and the chromatography kit, chromatography column, or chromatography column assembly further comprises one or more second stimulating agents capable of enhancing, dampening, or modifying the stimulatory signal of the first stimulating agent. In some embodiments, at least one of the second stimulating agent is capable of specifically binding to a costimulatory molecule on one or more T cells, for example, CD28, CD90 (Thy-1), CD95 (Apo- / Fas), CD137 (4-1BB), CD154 (CD40L), ICOS, LAT, CD27, OX40, or HVEM.In any of the above modalities, the stationary phase may comprise at least one of one or more secondary stimulating agents. In any of the above modalities, the stimulatory signal can be through a TCR / CD3 complex in a T cell, a complex containing CD3 in a T cell, and / or a molecule containing ITAM in a T cell. In any of the above modalities, the one or more stimulating agents may be or comprise an agent selected from the group consisting of antibody fragments, monovalent antibody fragments, proteinaceous binding molecules with immunoglobulin-like functions, molecules containing Ig domains, cytokines, chemokines, aptamers, MHC molecules, MHC-peptide complexes, receptor ligands, and binding fragments thereof. In any of the above modalities, the one or more stimulating agents may be or comprise an antibody fragment. In any of the above modalities, the one or more stimulating agents may be or comprise a Fab fragment. In any of the above modalities, the one or more stimulating agents may be or comprise one selected from the group of divalent antibody fragments consisting of F(ab')2 fragments and divalent single-chain Fv fragments (scFv).In either of the above embodiments, the one or more stimulating agents may be or comprise a monovalent antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab fragments, Fv fragments, and scFv fragments. In either of the above embodiments, the one or more stimulating agents may be or comprise a proteinaceous binding molecule with antibody-like binding properties, selected from the group consisting of aptamers, muteins based on a lipocalin family polypeptide, glucores, ankyrin scaffold-based proteins, crystal scaffold-based proteins, adnectins, and avimers. In any of the above modalities, the one or more stimulating agents may further comprise biotin, a biotin analogue that reversibly binds to a streptavidin or avidin, a streptavidin-binding peptide selected from the group consisting of Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 8), Ser-Ala-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys-(GlyGlyGlySer) 3-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 15), Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys-(GlyGlyGlySer) 3-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 17), SAWSHPQFEKGGGSGGGSGGSAWSHPQFEK (SEQ ID NO: 16), Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (GlyGlyGlySer) 2-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 18) and Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys- (GlyGlyGlySer) 2Gly-Gly-Ser-Ala-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 19), a calmodulin-binding peptide that reversibly binds calmodulin,a FLAG peptide that reversibly binds to an antibody that binds to the FLAG peptide and an oligohistidine tag that reversibly binds to an antibody that binds to the oligohistidine tag. In either of the above embodiments, the first and second stimulating agents may independently be or comprise an agent selected from the group consisting of antibody fragments, monovalent antibody fragments, proteinaceous binding molecules with immunoglobulin-like functions, molecules containing Ig domains, cytokines, chemokines, aptamers, MHC molecules, MHC-peptide complexes, receptor ligands, and binding fragments thereof. In either of the above embodiments, the first and second stimulating agents may independently be or comprise an antibody fragment. In either of the above embodiments, the first and second stimulating agents may independently be or comprise a Fab fragment.In any of the above embodiments, the first and second stimulating agents, independently, may be or comprise one selected from the group of divalent antibody fragments consisting of F(ab')2 fragments and divalent single-chain Fv fragments (scFv). In any of the above embodiments, the first and second stimulating agents, independently, may be or comprise a monovalent antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab fragments, Fv fragments, and scFv. In any of the above embodiments, the first and second stimulating agents, independently, may be or comprise a proteinaceous binding molecule with antibody-like binding properties, selected from the group consisting of aptamers, muteins based on a lipocalin family polypeptide, glucores, ankyrin scaffold-based proteins, crystal scaffold-based proteins, adnectins, and avimers.In some modalities, the first stimulating reagent is an anti-CD3 Fab and the second stimulating agent is an anti-CD28 Fab. In any of the above modalities, the first and second stimulating agents, independently, may further comprise biotin, a biotin analogue that reversibly binds to a streptavidin or avidin, a streptavidin-binding peptide selected from the group consisting of Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 8), Ser-Ala-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys-(GlyGlyGlySer) 3-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 15), Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys-(GlyGlyGlySer) 3-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 17), SAWSHPQFEKGGGSGGGSGGSAWSHPQFEK (SEQ ID NO: 16), Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys- (GlyGlyGlySer) 2-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 18) and Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys- (GlyGlyGlySer) 2Gly-Gly-Ser-Ala-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 19), a calmodulin-binding peptide that reversibly binds calmodulin,a FLAG peptide that binds reversibly to an antibody that binds to the FLAG peptide and an oligohistidine tag that binds reversibly to an antibody that binds to the oligohistidine tag. In either of the above embodiments, the first and second stimulating agents may independently further comprise a streptavidin-binding peptide. In any of the above embodiments, the streptavidin-binding peptide can be selected from the group consisting of Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 8) , Ser-Ala-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Lys-Gly-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 8) 3-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 15) , Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys- (GlyGlyGlySer) 3-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 17) SAWSHPQFEKGGGSGGGSGSAWSHPQFEK (SEQ ID NO: 16) , Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys- (GlyGlyGlySer) 2-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ) ID NO: 18) y Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys- (GlyGlyGlySer) 2Gly-Gly-Ser-Ala-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 19) . In any of the above embodiments, the first stimulating agent and the second stimulating agent can be reversibly bound to an oligomeric stimulating reagent comprising a plurality of streptavidin or streptavidin mutein molecules, wherein the size of the oligomeric stimulating reagent comprises (i) a radius greater than 50 nm, (ii) a molecular weight of at least 5 × 106 g / mol; and / or (iii) at least 100 streptavidin or streptavidin mutein tetramers per oligomeric stimulating reagent. In any of the above embodiments, the stimulating reagent may comprise a plurality of streptavidin or streptavidin mutein molecules, wherein the size of the stimulating reagent comprises (i) a radius greater than 50 nm, (ii) a molecular weight of at least 5 × 106 g / mol; and / or (iii) at least 100 streptavidin or streptavidin mutein tetramers per stimulating reagent. In either of the above embodiments, the streptavidin mutein may comprise the amino acid sequence Va144-Thr45-Ala46-Arg47 at sequence positions corresponding to positions 44 to 47 of SEQ ID NO: 1, or the streptavidin mutein may comprise the amino acid sequence lle44-Gly45-Ala46-Arg47 at sequence positions corresponding to positions 44 to 47 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In either of the above embodiments, the N-terminal amino acid residue of the streptavidin mutein may be in the region of amino acids 10 to 16 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and the C-terminal amino acid residue of the streptavidin mutein may be in the region of amino acids 133 to 142 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In either of the above embodiments, the streptavidin mutein may comprise the sequence of amino acids exposed in any of SEQ ID NO: 3-6, 27, 28, 104 and 105. In some embodiments, a device is disclosed herein, comprising the housing assembly, housing assembly, or chromatography kit, chromatography column, or chromatography column assembly of any of the foregoing embodiments, and the device further comprises an inlet composition reservoir operatively connected to the internal cavity via an inlet of the inlet housing member. In some embodiments, a device is disclosed herein, comprising the chromatography system of any of the foregoing embodiments, and the device further comprises an inlet composition reservoir operatively connected to the internal cavity via an inlet of the inlet housing member.In some embodiments, a device is disclosed herein, comprising the sleeve member of any of the preceding embodiments and a chromatography column or assembly of chromatography columns, wherein the chromatography column comprises an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography, and the device further comprises an inlet composition reservoir operatively connected to an inlet of the internal cavity to permit the admission of an inlet composition contained in the inlet composition reservoir into the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the inlet composition comprises or is blood or a blood-derived sample.In some modalities, the input composition comprises or is a whole blood sample, a buffy coat sample, a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) sample, an unfractionated T-cell sample, a lymphocyte sample, a white blood cell sample, an apheresis product, or a leukapheresis product. In some modalities, the apheresis or leukapheresis product is freshly isolated from a subject or thawed from a cryopreserved apheresis or leukapheresis product. In any of the above embodiments, the device may further comprise an outlet composition reservoir operatively connected to the internal cavity via an outlet in the outlet housing member. In any of the above embodiments, the device may further comprise an outlet composition reservoir operatively connected to an outlet in the internal cavity to permit or effect the discharge of an outlet composition contained in the outlet composition reservoir from the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the outlet composition comprises or is enriched T cells. In some embodiments, the enriched T cells have been stimulated during chromatography in the chromatography column. In any of the above embodiments, the device may be in a closed or sterile system. In some embodiments, a method for preparing a chromatography column or set of chromatography columns is disclosed herein, comprising introducing a stationary phase into the housing assembly or set of housing assemblies of any of the above embodiments. In some embodiments, a method for preparing a chromatography column or set of chromatography columns is disclosed herein, comprising introducing the stationary phase of the chromatography kit of any of the above embodiments into the housing assembly or set of housing assemblies of the chromatography kit. In some formulations, the competing agent or free-binding agent may be an agent that competes for binding with a streptavidin-binding peptide of the selection agent to a streptavidin mutein immobilized in the stationary phase. In some formulations, the competing agent or free-binding agent may be biotin or a biotin analogue, optionally where the biotin analogue is D-biotin. In some formulations, the competing agent or free-binding agent may be D-biotin. In any of the above embodiments, the stimulating agent may be or comprise an oligomeric stimulating reagent comprising (i) a plurality of streptavidin or streptavidin mutein molecules and (ii) one or more stimulating agents capable of delivering a stimulatory signal to one or more T cells, wherein the size of the oligomeric stimulating reagent comprises (i) a radius greater than 50 nm, (ii) a molecular weight of at least 5 × 106 g / mol; and / or (iii) at least 100 streptavidin or streptavidin mutein tetramers per oligomeric stimulating reagent.In some embodiments, the streptavidin mutein comprises the amino acid sequence Va144-Thr45-Ala46-Arg47 or lle44-Gly45-Ala46-Arg47 at sequence positions corresponding to positions 44 to 47 with reference to positions in streptavidin in the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 1; or the streptavidin mutein comprises the amino acid sequence Va144-Thr45-Ala46-Arg47 at sequence positions corresponding to positions 44 to 47 with reference to positions in streptavidin in the amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 1. In any of the above modalities, at least one of the one or more stimulating agents may be able to deliver a stimulatory signal, wherein the stimulatory signal is through a TCR / CD3 complex in a T cell, a complex containing CD3 in a T cell and / or a molecule containing ITAM in a T cell. In any of the above modalities, at least one of the one or more stimulatory agents may be a first stimulatory agent capable of delivering the stimulatory signal, and the one or more stimulatory agents may further comprise one or more second stimulatory agents capable of enhancing, attenuating, or modifying the stimulatory signal of the first stimulatory agent. In some modalities, the second stimulatory agent may be capable of specifically binding to a costimulatory molecule on one or more T cells. In some modalities, the costimulatory molecule may be selected from CD28, CD90 (Thy-1), CD95 (Apo- / Fas), CD137 (4-1BB), CD154 (CD40L), ICOS, LAT, CD27, OX40, or HVEM. In any of the above modalities, the second stimulatory agent may be capable of specifically binding to CD28, and / or the costimulatory molecule is CD28. In either of the above modalities, the first stimulating agent may specifically bind to CD3 and the second stimulating agent may specifically bind to CD28. In either of the above modalities, the first stimulating agent may comprise a monovalent antibody fragment that binds to CD3 and the second stimulating agent may comprise a monovalent antibody fragment that binds to CD28. In some modalities, the monovalent antibody fragment may be selected from the group consisting of a Fab fragment, an Fv fragment, and a single-chain Fv fragment (scFv). In either of the above modalities, the first stimulating agent may be an anti-CD3 Fab and the second stimulating agent may be an anti-CD28 Fab. In any of the above modes, during at least a portion of the incubation, the temperature control member can regulate the stationary phase temperature to a target temperature between approximately 30°C and approximately 39°C. In any of the above modes, during at least a portion of the incubation, the temperature control member can regulate the stationary phase temperature to a target temperature between approximately 35°C and approximately 39°C. In any of the above modalities, during at least a portion of the incubation, the temperature control member can maintain the stationary phase temperature at a target temperature between approximately 30°C and approximately 39°C. In any of the above modalities, during at least a portion of the incubation, the temperature control member can maintain the stationary phase temperature at a target temperature between approximately 35°C and approximately 39°C. In either of the above modes, the target temperature is between approximately 30°C and approximately 39°C, optionally approximately 37°C. In either of the above modes, the target temperature can be 37°C or approximately 37°C. In any of the above configurations, during at least part of the incubation period, the connector may allow gas to enter the internal cavity. In some configurations, the gas is sterile and is or comprises air. In any of the above configurations, gas introduction into the internal cavity may be intermittent or continuous during incubation. In any of the above modalities, the sample may be or comprise a whole blood sample, a buffy coat sample, a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) sample, an unfractionated T-cell sample, a lymphocyte sample, a white blood cell sample, an apheresis product, or a leukapheresis product. In some modalities, the apheresis or leukapheresis product is freshly isolated from a subject. In some modalities, the apheresis or leukapheresis product is thawed from a cryopreserved apheresis or leukapheresis product. Brief Description of the Figures Figures 1A and 1B provide a schematic representation of an example housing assembly for column chromatography. Figure 1A shows the example housing assembly comprising a temperature control member with a heating coil with an inlet and outlet for an external hot water supply, and a threaded gas supply connector for air filters. Figure 1B shows the example housing assembly in an example column chromatography system. Figure 2 provides a schematic representation of an example modality for stimulating and selecting target cells, in which stimulation is carried out by incubating the cells, which occurs, at least in part, in the presence of a support, 36, depicted here as a stationary phase, having one or more immobilized components of a selection reagent 31 for cell selection (A in Figure 2), which has a binding site for a selection agent 32, capable of binding to a molecule (selection marker) 34 present in some or all of the target cells. The selection agent 32 is added to the support with immobilized selection reagent 31, under conditions whereby the selection reagent and selection agent bind reversibly, for example, via binding sites, generating an oligomeric complex with the selection agent multimerized therein (B in Figure 2).The selection agent may include more than one agent. Alternatively, the reversibly bound complex of the selection agent and selection reagent may be added to the stationary phase as an immobilization complex. As shown, cells 33, including target cells, are combined with the stationary phase and the multimerized selection agent complex, thereby reversibly immobilizing the target cells to the support 36 by means of the selection agent 32 and reagent (selection marker) 34 (C in Figure 2). Optionally, unbound cells are removed either before or after the addition of stimulating agents.A complex containing multimerized stimulating agents 35 reversibly linked to an oligomeric stimulating reagent 37 is added, under conditions whereby the stimulating agent 35 specifically binds to a molecule in the target cells, thereby inducing or modulating a signal in the immobilized target cells expressing the marker (D in Figure 2). Figures 3A and 3B show results from a WST metabolic assay of T cells from three different donors incubated with multimerized anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 in different lots of oligomeric reagents. Figure 3A summarizes the WST metabolic activity, as indicated by the WST ratio, for all tested (mixed) lots compared to reference lots containing multimerized anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 in an oligomeric structure with an average hydrodynamic radius of 36 nm or 101 nm. The average WST metabolic activity, as indicated by the mean WST ratio, between T cells from the different donors for individual tested lots and reference reagents is shown in Figure 3B. Figure 4 provides a schematic representation of an example of a column T cell stimulation and selection process. Figure 5 shows that the elution efficiency, using a sample heat / gas column with one heating element and one gas supply element, was approximately twice that of the reference column. The estimate (gray bar) was the theoretical number of captured cells that could be eluted assuming 100% efficiency. Figure 6 shows the flow cytometry quantification of cells in the starting material, the negative fraction, or the positive fraction, after stimulation and selection of T cells on a column using the example column, which has a heating element and a gas supply element. The cells were stained with antibodies that recognize surface markers including CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45, and CD14. Figures 7A and 7B show the results for T cells after stimulation and selection on a column using the example column, which has a heating element and a gas supply element. Cells were monitored on days 1, 2, and 3 during post-incubation for cell number and cell surface expression by flow cytometry after staining the cells with antibodies recognizing CD3, CD4, CD8, and the activation markers CD69 and CD25. The flow cytometry results are shown in Figure 7A. Assessment of cell number and expansion times after post-incubation showed that the selected and stimulated T cells began to increase in number by day 3, as shown in Figure 7B, consistent with the cells' capacity for proliferation. Figures 8A–8C show the results of column T cell selection using a cryopreserved apheresis sample as the starter sample, on the example heat / gas column. Figure 8A shows that cryopreserved apheresis samples (CAPH) generally have a high monocyte content (greater than 20%, as indicated by the percentage of live CD45+ cells) compared to fresh apheresis samples (APH). Figure 8B shows the percentage of CD3- or CD14-positive cells in the starter and positive fractions. The number of T cells selected using the chromatography column is shown in Figure 8C, where two sequential selections for CD3 were performed. Figure 9 provides a schematic representation of a stimulation and selection run using two identical sample heat / gas columns arranged sequentially (run 1), and a selection and stimulation run using two identical sample heat / gas columns arranged in parallel (run 2). Figures 10A and 10B provide comparisons of T cell stimulation and selection results in runs 1 and 2. Figure 10A shows a flow cytometry analysis of the starting materials, negative fractions, and positive fractions, where cells were stained with antibodies recognizing surface markers including CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD14. Cells from the positive fractions were harvested and incubated, and Figure 10B, left panel, shows the expression of the activation markers CD25 and CD69 in the cells on day 1 of incubation.Representative results for the number of cells in run 1 () and run 2 () during incubation are shown in Figure 10B, right panel. Figures 11A and 11B present the results of column T cell selection using a concentrated blood sample as the starting material, with stimulation and selection of CD3 in two example heat / gas columns arranged in parallel. Figure 11A shows a flow cytometry analysis of the starting material, the negative fraction, and the positive fraction, where the cells were stained with antibodies that recognize surface markers including CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD14. The cells from the positive fraction were harvested and incubated, and the CD4 / CD8 and CD25 / CD69 expressions of the incubated cells are shown in Figure 11B. Figure 12 shows the results of an example process for selecting T cells directly from whole blood, using SephadexMR G-50 as the resin in the example heat / gas chromatography column. The starting material, negative fractions, and positive fractions of the CD3+ T cell selection were stained with propidium iodide (PI) and a CD3 antibody and quantified by flow cytometry. Figure 13 shows the effects of 24-hour column stimulation with an oligomeric anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 stimulating reagent on the surface expression of CD3, CD4, and CD8 (assessed as mean fluorescence intensity, MFI) when the respective molecule was used as a selection marker to immobilize the cell on the stationary phase of a chromatography column. The surface expression patterns are compared with control conditions that do not involve column stimulation with an oligomeric anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 stimulating reagent. The cells were isolated from an apheresis sample applied to the stationary phase. Figure 14 shows example kinetics of the regulated downregulation and re-expression of the TCR / CD3 complex upon column stimulation with an oligomeric anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 stimulatory reagent when CD3 was used as a selection marker to immobilize the cell on the column. Cells were isolated from an apheresis sample applied to the stationary phase. An antibody against the alpha-beta TCR chains was used to assess the CD3 / TCR complex. Figures 15A–15B show the phenotypic and functional characteristics of cultured T cells that spontaneously shed during column stimulation with an oligomeric anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 stimulatory reagent. Figure 15A shows T cell size (from left to right) and CD3, CD69, and CD25 expression at 24 hours and 5 days after column stimulation. Figure 15B shows the proliferative capacity of the spontaneously shed cultured T cells, as indicated by the number of cells and the expansion times. The cells were isolated from an apheresis sample applied to the stationary phase and collected using a wash step. Figures 16A–16D show example effects of T cell incubation with an oligomeric anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 stimulatory reagent in the presence or absence of compound 63 on mTOR signaling and viability and growth kinetics. Figure 16A shows pS6 expression in live CD8+ T cells by memory subset. Figure 16B shows the mean fluorescence intensity (mfi) of pS6 expression in total CD8+ T cells per treatment as indicated. Figures 16C–16D show viability and total T cell numbers, respectively, over time (as indicated by days; d1, etc.) in culture after the onset of stimulation (“entry”). In Figures 16C–16D, black lines correspond to T cell compositions incubated in the presence of compound 63, and gray lines correspond to T cell compositions incubated in the absence of compound 63. Figures 17A–17F show example phenotypic and functional properties of cryopreserved CAR T cells generated using methods employing incubation with an oligomeric anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 stimulatory reagent in the presence or absence of compound 63. Figure 17A shows intracellular caspase expression at thawing. Figures 17B and 17D show phenotypic profiles of CD8 CAR T cells and CD4 CAR T cells, respectively, by CD27 and / or CCR7 subset expression. Figures 17C and 17E show intracellular IL2, IFNγ, or TNF (left panels) or combinations of IL2 and / or IFNγ or TNF (right panels) between CD8 CAR T cells and CD4 CAR T cells, respectively, stimulated with antigen-bearing targets. Figure 17F shows the expansion and survival over 12 days (left panel) and the total expansion metric calculated by area under the growth curve (AUC, right panel) for CAR T cells stimulated with anti-CAR beads.Figure 18A shows the yields of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells after cell selection using either the column stimulation process or the alternative process described in Example 11. Figures 18B-18C show the total number of cells (Figure 18B) and percentage of live cells (Figure 18C) recovered after using column stimulation or alternative processes described in Example 11. Figures 19A-19D show the percentage of live cells (e.g., purity; Figure 19A), the percentage of live cells expressing the example CAR (Figure 19B), the percentage of live cells expressing CD4 at screening and on day 8 of the process (Figure 19C), and T cell phenotype distributions (percentage) for each donor (Figure 19D) on day 5 in culture (day 8 from the start of the process) for column stimulation or the alternative processes described in Example 11. Figure 20 shows the lysis of CD19+ HEK cells over time during culture with modified anti-CD19 CAR T cells using column stimulation or alternative processes, as described in Example 11 and under control conditions. Figures 21A-21C show the production of antigen-specific CAR T cell IFNg (Figure 21A), IL-2 (Figure 21B), and TNF (Figure 21C) for modified CD4 and CD8 T cells using column stimulation or alternative processes described in Example 11. Figures 22A-22C show the CD4:CD8 ratio (Figure 22A), transduction efficiency of modified T cells (combined CD4 and CD8 cells; Figure 22B), and the percentage of viable cells (Figure 22C) generated using column stimulation or the alternative processes described in Example 11. Three fabrication runs are shown for each process. Figure 23 shows the average tumor size by radiance among the treatment groups 6 days after mice were injected (iv) with a B-cell lymphoma cell line (Raji) and before the mice were treated with CAR T-cell compositions. The treatment groups refer to CAR T-cell compositions produced by three manufacturing runs each of the column stimulation or alternative processes described in Example 11. Figure 24 shows the tumor burden in mice injected with the B-cell lymphoma cell line (Raji) over time for each treatment group. The effects of CAR T-cell treatment are shown for spinal stimulation or the alternative processes described in Example 11, and for each of the three manufacturing runs (see Figures 22A-22C). Figures 25, 26A-26C, 27, and 28 provide schematic representations of an example housing assembly for column chromatography. This example housing assembly includes an inlet housing member, an outlet housing member, a sidewall member, and a sleeve member surrounding the sidewall member, as well as portions of the inlet housing member and the outlet housing member. The sleeve member of the example housing assembly is made of two sleeve components, each containing a heating coil with an inlet and outlet for an external hot water supply. Together, the two sleeve components form the sleeve member. The example housing assembly also includes a gas supply connector for threaded air filters (not shown), this gas supply connector being connected to an inlet of the inlet housing member.Figure 25 shows a cutaway view of the example housing assembly. Figures 26A–26C show interior (Figure 26A), side (Figure 26B), and exterior (Figure 26C) views of a sleeve component. Figure 27 shows a view of the example housing assembly with the inlets for the external hot water supply and a portion of an inlet in the housing member visible. Figure 28 shows a view of the example housing assembly with the outlets for the external hot water supply and a portion of an outlet in the housing member visible.Optional features (not shown) for this example housing assembly include a first porous member configured to separate the stationary phase and an inlet from the internal cavity (e.g., a woven polyester mesh), a second porous member configured to separate the stationary phase and an outlet from the internal cavity (e.g., a woven polyester mesh), and pipe assembly connectors. Figures 29, 30A-30D, and 31 provide schematic representations of an example housing assembly for column chromatography. This example housing assembly includes an inlet housing member, an outlet housing member, a sidewall member, and a sleeve member surrounding the sidewall member, as well as portions of the inlet housing member and the outlet housing member. The sleeve member of the example housing assembly is made of three sleeve components, each containing an electrical heating element that includes a metal plate. Together, the three sleeve components form the sleeve member. The example housing assembly also includes a gas supply connector for threaded air filters (not shown), this gas supply connector being connected to an inlet of the inlet housing member.Figure 29 shows a sectional view of the example housing assembly. Figures 30A–30C show three views of a sleeve component. Figure 30D shows the electric heating element. Figure 31 shows a view of the example housing assembly so that the electrical connections of the electric heating elements and a portion of an outlet of the outlet housing member are visible. Optional features (not shown) for this example housing assembly include a first porous member configured to separate the stationary phase and an inlet from the internal cavity (e.g., a woven polyester mesh), a second porous member configured to separate the stationary phase and an outlet from the internal cavity (e.g., a woven polyester mesh), and pipe assembly connectors. Figure 32 shows the surface expression of CD27 on cells after the cells were immobilized on the stationary phase of a heated column using CD27 as a selection marker and stimulated in the column with an oligomeric anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 stimulating reagent. The column was heated using a jacket member containing two heating coils, each with an inlet and outlet for external hot water supply. The heated column also included a gas supply connector for threaded air filters. As a control, the CD27-selected cells were not subjected to in-column stimulation with an oligomeric anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 stimulating reagent. The cells were isolated from an apheresis sample applied to the stationary phase. Figure 33 shows the surface expression of CD3 and CD27 from cells sequentially isolated from an apheresis sample using two separate columns. CD27 was used as a selection marker in the first column, and the positive fraction from the first column was passed to a second column with a selection marker of CD3. The cells immobilized in the second column were stimulated with an oligomeric anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 stimulating reagent. The second column was heated using a jacketed member containing two heating coils, each with an inlet and outlet for external hot water supply. The heated column also included a threaded gas supply connector for air filters. Figures 34A–34E show CD3+ depletion (Figure 34A), CD4 and CD8 expression (Figure 34B), CD69 expression (Figure 34C), viability (Figure 34D), and number of viable cells (Figure 34E) of cells after column stimulation in chromatography columns heated using different heating elements. The columns were heated using jacket members containing two heating coils (water) or three metal plates as electrical heating elements (metal). The columns also included a threaded gas supply connector for air filters. Detailed Description In some respects, a column chromatography housing assembly is provided herein. The column chromatography housing assembly comprises an inlet housing member and an outlet housing member, wherein at least the inlet housing member and the outlet housing member form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography; a temperature control member configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity; and a connector configured to operatively connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of gas into the internal cavity.In some aspects, a column chromatography housing assembly is provided herein, comprising: a chromatography column comprising an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase; a temperature control member configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity; and a connector configured to operatively connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of gas into the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the chromatography column comprises an inlet housing member, an outlet housing member, and a sidewall member, wherein the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the sidewall member form the internal cavity. In some aspects, the temperature control member comprises one or more heating elements.In some aspects, the housing assembly further comprises a sleeve member comprising the temperature control member, which includes at least one of one or more heating elements. In some aspects, the sleeve member surrounds at least a portion of the inlet housing member and / or at least a portion of the outlet housing member. In some aspects, a device comprising a chromatography column housing assembly and a stationary phase housed therein to form a chromatography column is provided herein. In some aspects, the stationary phase is configured to immobilize target cells thereon. In some aspects, the device is configured to select and / or stimulate a cell or cell population.In some modalities, the selected and / or stimulated cell or cells are useful in a cell manufacturing process, for example, for genetic modification of the cell or cells to manufacture a cell therapy. Methods for generating suitable cell populations, such as selected (enriched) and stimulated cell populations, for use in cell therapies often require separate selection and stimulation steps that can lengthen the manufacturing process. Various systems and reagents are available for generating cell populations suitable for cell therapy, such as cells modified to express recombinant proteins (e.g., chimeric antigen receptors). However, in some respects, the use of these reagents or systems can be time-consuming or relatively time-consuming to generate the cells, at least in part due to the need for multiple processing steps. These multiple processing steps can also result in cell stress, thereby affecting the cells' usability in subsequent processing.Furthermore, selection techniques may involve steps that contaminate the selected cells with selection-related particles, such as selection agents like Fab fragments and competition reagents, and / or free-binding agents used to facilitate cell detachment from the stationary phase. This necessitates additional washing and / or media exchange steps to purify the output composition. These additional processing steps can result in cell stress, potentially impacting subsequent cell processing or even cell biology, and require considerable time to complete. Additional devices and methods are needed to generate cell compositions. In some aspects, the present device provides devices and methods for using the devices to select cells from a sample comprising target cells (e.g., T cells, such as CD3+, CD4+, or CD8+ T cells) and / or to stimulate the selected cells. In some aspects, the device comprises an inlet housing member and an outlet housing member, wherein at least the inlet housing member and the outlet housing member form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography; a temperature control member configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity; and a connector configured to operatively connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of gas into the internal cavity. In some aspects, the stationary phase is configured to immobilize these target cells thereon.In some aspects, the temperature control member comprises one or more heating elements. In some aspects, the device further comprises a jacket member comprising the temperature control member comprising the one or more heating elements. In some aspects, the jacket member is configured to surround at least a portion of the inlet housing member and / or at least a portion of the outlet housing member. The devices provided herein also include jacket members for use in selecting cells from a sample comprising target cells (e.g., T cells, such as CD3+, CD4+, or CD8+ T cells) and / or in stimulating the selected cells. In some aspects, the jacket member comprises a temperature control member configured to provide heat to a chromatography column.In some aspects, the jacket member is configured to encircle at least a portion of the chromatography column. In some aspects, the jacket member comprises one or more heating elements. In one respect, it is found that the methods of stimulation and / or selection of target cells in the column are improved when the temperature of the cells immobilized in the stationary phase within the internal cavity of the column chromatography system is controlled to maintain a temperature of approximately 37°C or 37°C ± approximately 5°C. It is also found that a column configuration that allows gas exchange (e.g., the presence of air in the column) also improves the overall health, suitability, or condition of the cells during stimulation and / or selection in the column. In particular modalities, the provided devices are capable of controlling the temperature (e.g., 37°C or 37°C ± approximately 5°C) in the column during cell selection and stimulation by the provided column methods.In certain configurations, the provided devices are capable of controlling the temperature (e.g., 37°C or 37°C ± approximately 5°C) and allow for gas exchange, such as the presence of air, within the column during cell selection and stimulation using the provided column methods. In some aspects, the provided device can be used in conjunction with cell selection and / or stimulation methods to facilitate or enhance cell activation and subsequent cell processing, such as cell detachment or elution from the stationary phase for subsequent genetic modification. In one aspect, the temperature control member is configured to provide an appropriate temperature for the selection and / or stimulation of target cells immobilized in the stationary phase within the internal cavity of the column chromatography system. For this purpose, a heating and / or cooling means may be provided in the device or in a system comprising the device. In some embodiments, the temperature control member is configured to supply heat to the stationary phase, thereby regulating or maintaining the temperature of the target cells immobilized therein. In some embodiments, the temperature of the target cells is regulated and / or maintained at an optimum temperature for cell stimulation and / or selection.In one aspect, the temperature control member is configured to maintain the temperature of the target cells immobilized in the stationary phase at an optimum temperature for stimulation by a stimulating reagent. In some modalities, the optimum temperature for stimulation is greater than approximately 2°C, greater than approximately 4°C, greater than approximately 8°C, greater than approximately 12°C, greater than approximately 16°C, greater than approximately 20°C, greater than approximately 24°C, greater than approximately 28°C, greater than approximately 32°C, or greater than approximately 36°C. In some modalities, the optimum temperature for stimulation is approximately 37°C. In some modalities, the temperature of the target cells immobilized in the stationary phase is maintained at a constant temperature (e.g., the optimum temperature) for at least a portion of the stimulation.In some modalities, the temperature of the target cells immobilized in the stationary phase is maintained at a selected temperature value (e.g., the optimum temperature) ± approximately 5°C, ± approximately 4°C, ± approximately 3°C, ± approximately 2°C, ± approximately 1°C, or ± approximately 0.5°C for at least a portion of the stimulation. In some modalities, the temperature of the target cells immobilized in the stationary phase is maintained at 37°C ± approximately 5°C, ± approximately 4°C, ± approximately 3°C, ± approximately 2°C, ± approximately 1°C, or ± approximately 0.5°C for at least a portion of the stimulation. In one aspect, the device comprises a connector configured to operationally connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby enabling or effecting the admission of gas into the internal cavity. In one aspect, the gas is present in the internal cavity during at least a portion of the stimulation of target cells immobilized on the stationary phase of the chromatography column. In some aspects, the gas comprises air. In some aspects, the devices and methods provided herein, which are not in accordance with the claimed invention, reduce and / or minimize the cell processing and handling time in a manufacturing process. In some aspects, the device comprises a stimulating agent configured to stimulate cells immobilized in the stationary phase (also referred to herein as column stimulation). In some aspects, the device further comprises one or more members, such as a heating member and / or a gas supply member, that facilitate or promote cell activation, thereby facilitating or promoting the spontaneous detachment of selected, stimulated cells from the stationary phase.In some aspects, the device further comprises one or more members configured to collect selected and stimulated cells that spontaneously detach from the stationary phase (e.g., due to stimulation) without the use of a competing agent or a free-binding agent to facilitate detachment. In some aspects, the devices and methods (the methods not in accordance with the claimed invention) provided herein are capable of combining cell selection, stimulation, and / or collection steps. In some aspects, the devices and methods provided herein do not require separate steps to facilitate the detachment of selected and stimulated cells from the stationary phase.In some respects, the devices and methods (the methods do not conform to the claimed invention) provided herein do not require separate purification steps, for example, steps to remove agents (e.g., competition agents and / or free-binding agents) used to facilitate detachment. As such, the devices and methods (the methods do not conform to the claimed invention) provided herein reduce the number of processing steps required to generate a composition of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing (e.g., genetic modification, expansion, further incubation, stimulation, and / or selection (e.g., polishing)), thereby reducing fabrication time, minimizing potential cell stress, and / or decreasing the potential for contamination.In particular modalities, the devices and methods (the methods not in accordance with the claimed invention) herein are capable of generating an output composition of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing within a set amount of time, such as within 24 hours. The devices and methods (the methods do not conform to the claimed invention) provided are capable of selecting cells, for example, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells, from other components, such as other cells in a sample, and immobilizing the cells in a stationary phase of a chromatography column; stimulating the selected cells immobilized in the stationary phase; and collecting selected and stimulated cells in the absence of processing steps to detach the cells from the stationary phase and removing the agents used to facilitate this detachment from the output composition of selected and stimulated cells.In particular aspects, the provided devices and methods (the methods do not conform to the claimed invention) are capable of generating selected and stimulated cell populations in a shorter amount of time compared to methods that include separate selection and stimulation steps and require additional steps to detach the cells from the stationary phase and remove the agents used to facilitate detachment. In certain aspects, the provided devices and methods (the methods do not conform to the claimed invention) are capable of generating an output population of selected and stimulated cells (also referred to as a composition) suitable for further processing (e.g., genetic modification, expansion, and / or subsequent rounds of incubation, stimulation, and / or selection) within 24 hours of initiating stimulation in the column. If a definition set forth herein is contrary or otherwise inconsistent with a definition set forth in patents, applications, published applications and other publications, the definition set forth herein shall prevail over the definition in the patents, applications, published applications and other publications. The section headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the subject matter described. I. DEVICES AND KITS FOR CELL MODIFICATION, STIMULATION AND / OR SELECTION Specifically, the devices and methods provided herein are capable of selecting and stimulating target cells (e.g., CD3+, CD4+, or CD8+ T cells) on a stationary phase of a chromatography column. This stimulation facilitates a controlled decrease in the molecule used for cell selection (i.e., a selection marker), resulting in the spontaneous detachment of the cell from the stationary phase. In some embodiments, the stationary phase of the chromatography column is functionalized with an agent (e.g., a selection agent) capable of specifically binding to a molecule (e.g., a selection marker) on a target cell surface.Thus, when a sample comprising target cells containing the selection marker (e.g., CD3, CD4, CD8) is combined with the stationary phase, the target cells (e.g., CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cells) are indirectly immobilized to the stationary phase. Example selection agents and selection reagents are described in sections II-B-1 and II-B-2. In particular, the target cells (e.g., T cells) are stimulated while immobilized in the stationary phase (e.g., column stimulation), for example, by the addition of stimulating agents, stimulating reagents comprising stimulating agents, and / or by stimulating agents coupled directly or indirectly to the stationary phase. Example stimulating agents and stimulating reagents comprising stimulating agents (e.g., oligomeric stimulating reagents) are described in sections II-B-1 and II-B-2.Therefore, in some respects, the methods provided and other modalities are advantageous as they condense multiple processing steps (e.g., selection and stimulation) and allow the condensed process to occur within the same vessel and / or closed system, which can provide sterility and increased efficiency. In certain respects, the devices and methods provided herein involve the use of oligomeric stimulatory reagents comprising stimulatory agents capable of delivering a stimulatory signal to a target cell (e.g., T cell). Existing reagents are known for use in stimulating T cells in vitro, such as in the absence of exogenous growth factors or in low amounts of exogenous growth factors (see, for example, U.S. Patent 6,352,694 B1 and European Patent EP 0700430 B1). In general, these reagents may employ beads, for example, magnetic beads, larger than 1 µm in diameter to which different binding agents (e.g., anti-CD3 antibody and / or anti-CD28 antibody) are immobilized.However, in some cases, these magnetic beads are difficult to integrate into methods for stimulating cells under the conditions required for clinical trials or therapeutic purposes, since it is essential to ensure that these magnetic beads are completely removed before administering the expanded T cells to a subject. In some respects, this removal, such as when exposing the cells to a magnetic field, can decrease the yield of viable cells available for cell therapy. In certain cases, these reagents, for example, stimulating reagents containing magnetic beads, must be incubated with the cells for a minimum amount of time to allow sufficient detachment of the T cells from the stimulating reagent. Furthermore, reagents such as beads are not readily compatible with column chromatography due to physical limitations. The devices and methods provided herein that utilize oligomeric stimulatory reagents overcome these potential limitations. For example, in some embodiments, the methods provided include the addition of a soluble oligomeric reagent not bound to a solid support (e.g., bead) to the stationary phase to initiate stimulation. In some embodiments, the risk of residual reagent leakage from cells generated or produced by the methods is reduced or avoided by the use of the oligomeric reagent, since the addition of a competing reagent or free-binding agent can be used to dissociate (e.g., disrupt the binding) the oligomeric stimulatory reagents comprising the cell-stimulating agents.In some modalities, this also means that a GMP-compliant process can be more easily established compared to other methods, such as those requiring additional measures to ensure the final cell population for administration is bead-free. Therefore, in some respects, the removal or separation of the oligomeric stimulating reagent from cells, such as by adding a competing or free-binding agent, results in little or no cell loss compared to the removal or separation of bead-based stimulating reagents. In some respects, the timing of the separation or removal of the stimulating reagent or oligomeric stimulating reagent is not limited, or is less limited, than that of the removal or separation of bead-based stimulating reagents.Therefore, in some respects, the stimulating reagent or oligomeric stimulating reagent can be removed or separated from the cells at any time or step during the methods provided. In some respects, the provided devices are improved devices for methods involving the isolation, processing, or manipulation of target cells immobilized in a stationary phase, for example, methods of column stimulation and / or selection of target cells. In some respects, the provided devices allow for temperature regulation, for example, heating, of cells immobilized in a stationary phase. In some respects, the provided devices allow for the maintenance of the temperature of immobilized cells, for example, at approximately 37°C or 37°C ± approximately 5°C. In some respects, the regulation and maintenance of cell temperature by the provided devices improves column stimulation of immobilized cells, for example, by improving the overall health, suitability, or condition of the immobilized cells during column stimulation.In some respects, the provided devices also allow for gas exchange, for example, the presence of air in the stationary phase. In some respects, the gas exchange as permitted by the provided devices improves the overall health, suitability, or condition of the cells immobilized during spinal stimulation. Therefore, in some respects, the provided methods of spinal stimulation and / or selection, when used in conjunction with the provided devices, yield improved, for example, healthier cells for further modification for use in a therapy, for example, autologous cell therapy. In some modalities, the devices provided herein may be used to perform any of the methods described in section II. In particular, the durations of the provided methods can be measured from when the cells, for example, T cells from an input sample or cell population, are first brought into contact with or exposed to stimulating conditions (for example, as described herein, such as in section II-D), referred to herein alternatively as the start of incubation with a stimulating agent or under stimulating conditions, for example, when exposure to the stimulating reagent begins. In some modalities, the duration of the time required to collect an output population (also referred to herein as an output composition) containing stimulated target cells (for example, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cells) is measured from the start of incubation (for example, adding a stimulating reagent or exposing to a stimulating reagent).In certain modalities, the incubation duration is, approximately, or less than 24 hours, 23 hours, 22 hours, 21 hours, 20 hours, 19 hours, 18 hours, 17 hours, 16 hours, 15 hours, 14 hours, 13 hours, 12 hours, 11 hours, 10 hours, 9 hours, 8 hours, 7 hours, 6 hours, 5 hours, 4 hours, 3 hours, or 2 hours. In some modalities, the incubation duration provided is, approximately, or less than 75%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 25%, 15%, or 10% of alternative or existing processes. It is contemplated herein that the output compositions of selected and stimulated cells may be further processed. For example, the output cells may be genetically modified to express a recombinant protein, such as a chimeric antigen receptor, and / or the output cells may be subjected to further incubation, stimulation, expansion, selection (e.g., polishing), and / or formulation. In certain modalities, the methods for using the provided devices are performed on samples, such as apheresis, buffy coat, or whole blood. In some modalities, the samples are biological samples. In some modalities, the biological samples are collected from human subjects. In some modalities, the biological samples are collected from patients with a disease or condition. In some modalities, the methods are performed on cell populations, such as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, that have been previously isolated, enriched, or selected from a sample. In some modalities, the sample or cells isolated from the sample may have been cryopreserved. In some embodiments, devices, kits, systems, and / or manufactured items for cell modification, stimulation, and / or selection are provided herein. In some embodiments, a stationary phase chromatography array is provided. In some embodiments, the array further comprises a bioreactor. The bioreactor is suitable for cell expansion, and the stationary phase is suitable for cell separation and column stimulation.In certain embodiments, the stationary phase is a gel filtration matrix and / or affinity chromatography matrix, wherein the affinity chromatography matrix and / or gel filtration matrix comprises a selection reagent, wherein the selection reagent comprises a binding site Z1 that specifically binds to a binding partner C1 comprised in a selection agent and / or the selection reagent comprises a binding site Z2 that specifically binds to a binding partner C2 comprised in a second selection agent. Therefore, the stationary phase is suitable for immobilizing thereon the first selection agent and / or the second selection agent, the first binding partner C1 and / or the second binding partner C2. Furthermore, the bioreactor and the stationary phase are fluidly connected.This arrangement can be used in serial expansion and can be integrated into known cell expansion systems such as the QuantumMR cell expansion system or the Xuri Cell Expansion System W25. In some embodiments, the stationary phase is comprised in a chromatography column. The arrangement may further comprise a second stationary phase fluidly connected to the first stationary phase. The secondary stationary phase may be a gel filtration matrix and / or an affinity chromatography matrix, wherein the affinity chromatography matrix and / or gel filtration matrix comprises a selection reagent, which is thus suitable for immobilizing the multimerization reagent in the stationary phase. This type of arrangement can facilitate the sequential selection of target cells (e.g., T cells, CD4, CD3, CD8 T cells), wherein one of the columns is also suitable for column stimulation as described herein. The modalities provided in some respects relate to a device for purification (e.g., selection) and cultivation, such as stimulation or expansion, of a cell composition, wherein the device comprises at least one arrangement of a bioreactor and a first stationary phase or a second stationary phase for chromatography as defined above. The device may further comprise a plurality of arrangements of a bioreactor and a stationary phase that are fluidly connected in series. The device may comprise a sample inlet fluidly connected to a stationary phase for chromatography. The device may also comprise a sample outlet for purified and stimulated target cells, the sample outlet fluidly connected to the stationary phase of at least one arrangement of a bioreactor and the stationary phase for chromatography. In some modalities, the device can be designed as a functionally closed system. A. Chromatography Housing Assembly In some embodiments, a chromatography housing assembly (also referred to herein as a column chromatography housing assembly or housing assembly) suitable for the chromatography-based cell stimulation and / or selection methods disclosed herein is provided. The chromatography housing assembly may be provided with or without a stationary phase for chromatography. In one aspect, a column chromatography housing assembly is provided herein comprising: an inlet housing member and an outlet housing member, wherein at least the inlet housing member and the outlet housing member form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography; a temperature control member configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity; and a connector configured to operatively connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of gas into the internal cavity. In one aspect, the column chromatography housing assembly further comprises a sidewall member, wherein the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the sidewall member form the internal cavity.The connector can be placed on the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and / or the sidewall member. The connector can be a bonded connector, a screw connector, a luer connector (e.g., a luer lock connector or a luer slip connector), a serrated connector, or any combination thereof. In any of the above embodiments, the connector can be configured to hermetically seal the piping in fluid communication with the gas source. In any of the above embodiments, the connector can comprise one or more filters and / or the connector can be operatively connected to piping comprising one or more filters. The one or more filters are a gas filter, for example, an air filter. The one or more filters can be a sterile filter and / or a sterilization filter for filtration sterilization.In one aspect, gas is present in the internal cavity during at least part of the stimulation of target cells immobilized in the stationary phase of the chromatography column. In some aspects, the gas comprises air. In one aspect, stimulation of cells (e.g., lymphocytes such as T cells) in the presence of gas (e.g., air) facilitates cell activation and subsequent cell processing, such as cell detachment or elution from the stationary phase and / or cell genetic modification. In some embodiments, the internal cavity of the housing assembly can accommodate a bed volume between or approximately 1 and 40 mL, such as between or approximately 1 and 35 mL, 1 and 30 mL, 1 and 25 mL, 1 and 20 mL, 1 and 15 mL, 1 and 10 mL, 1 and 5 mL, 5 and 40 mL, 5 and 35 mL, 5 and 30 mL, 5 and 25 mL, 5 and 20 mL, 5 and 15 mL, 5 and 10 mL, 10 and 40 mL, 10 and 35 mL, 10 and 30 mL, 10 and 25 mL, 10 and 20 mL, 10 and 15 mL, 15 and 40 mL, 15 and 35 mL, 15 and 30 mL, 15 and 25 mL, 15 and 20 mL, 20 and 40 ml, 20 and 35 ml, 20 and 30 ml, 20 and 25 ml, 25 and 40 ml, 25 and 35 ml, 25 and 30 ml, 30 and 40 ml, 30 and 35 ml, or 35 and 40 ml. In some models, the internal cavity of the housing assembly can accommodate a bed volume between or approximately 15 and 25 ml.In some models, the internal cavity of the housing assembly can accommodate a bed volume between or between approximately 18 and 20 mL. In some embodiments, the column chromatography housing assembly includes one or more connectors, for example, two or more connectors. In some embodiments, the column chromatography housing assembly includes two connectors. In some embodiments, the two or more connectors are placed on at least the inlet housing member. In some embodiments, the two or more connectors are placed on at least the outlet housing member. In some embodiments, at least one connector is placed on each of the inlet and outlet housing members. In some embodiments, both the inlet and outlet housing members have a connector placed on them. In any of the above modes, the temperature control member can be configured to regulate or maintain a stationary phase temperature in the internal cavity. In any of the above modes, the temperature control member can be configured to heat the stationary phase in the internal cavity from an initial temperature (e.g., ambient temperature) to a target temperature between approximately 35°C and approximately 39°C (e.g., approximately 37°C). In some modes, the temperature control member can be configured to heat the stationary phase to a target temperature between approximately 30°C and approximately 39°C.In some modalities, the initial temperature is approximately 2°C, approximately 4°C, approximately 8°C, approximately 12°C, approximately 16°C, approximately 20°C, approximately 24°C, approximately 28°C, approximately 32°C, approximately 36°C, or higher than approximately 36°C. In some modalities, the temperature for stimulation is approximately 37°C. In some modalities, the target temperature (e.g., an optimal temperature for cell stimulation) is greater than approximately 2°C, or greater than approximately 4°C, or greater than approximately 8°C, or greater than approximately 12°C, or greater than approximately 16°C, or greater than approximately 20°C, or greater than approximately 24°C, or greater than approximately 28°C, or greater than approximately 32°C, or greater than approximately 36°C, or greater than approximately 37°C, or greater than approximately 38°C, or greater than approximately 39°C, or greater than approximately 40°C.In some modalities, the temperature of the target cells immobilized in the stationary phase is maintained at a constant temperature (e.g., an optimum temperature) for at least part of the stimulation. In some modalities, the temperature of the target cells immobilized in the stationary phase is maintained at a selected temperature (e.g., an optimum temperature) ± approximately 5°C, ± approximately 4°C, ± approximately 3°C, ± approximately 2°C, ± approximately 1°C, or ± approximately 0.5°C for at least part of the stimulation. In some modalities, the temperature of the target cells immobilized in the stationary phase is maintained at 37°C ± approximately 5°C, ± approximately 4°C, ± approximately 3°C, ± approximately 2°C, ± approximately 1°C, or ± approximately 0.5°C for at least part of the stimulation.In some respects, stimulating cells (e.g., lymphocytes such as T cells) at an optimal temperature (e.g., 37°C or 37°C ± approximately 5°C) facilitates cell activation and subsequent cell processing, such as cell detachment or elution from the stationary phase and / or cell genetic modification. In some respects, stimulating cells (e.g., lymphocytes such as T cells) at an optimal temperature (e.g., 37°C or 37°C ± approximately 5°C) preserves or maintains cell health during column stimulation. In some respects, the stimulation of cells (e.g., lymphocytes such as T cells) at an optimal temperature (e.g., 37°C or 37°C ± approximately 5°C) and in the presence of air (e.g., air) in the column facilitates cell activation and subsequent cell processing, such as detachment or elution of cells from the stationary phase and / or genetic modification of cells. Figures 1A-1B provide an example housing assembly for column chromatography. In some aspects, the housing assembly 1 comprises the inlet housing member 2 and outlet housing member 3, and at least the inlet housing member and the outlet housing member form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase, such as resin 4 for column chromatography. In some aspects, the housing assembly further comprises a temperature control member, for example, a temperature control member comprising the heating coil 5, configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity.In some aspects, the housing assembly further comprises a connector, for example, a gas exchange connector 6, configured to operatively connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of gas into the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the connector is located on the inlet housing member. In some embodiments, the connector is located on the outlet housing member. In some embodiments, both the inlet and outlet housing members have a connector located thereon; for example, as shown in Figure 1A, both the inlet housing member 2 and the outlet housing member 3 have gas exchange connectors 6 located thereon. In some embodiments, the housing assembly also includes a side wall member. For example, as shown in Figure 1A, the inlet housing member 2, outlet housing member 3, and side wall member 7 together form the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the connector is placed on the inlet housing member. In some embodiments, the connector is placed on the outlet housing member. In some embodiments, the connector is placed on the side wall member. In some embodiments, both the inlet housing member and the side wall member have a connector placed on them. In some embodiments, both the outlet housing member and the side wall member have a connector placed on them. In some embodiments, each of the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member has a connector placed on it. In some embodiments, the inlet housing member has at least two connectors placed on it. In some embodiments, the outlet housing member has at least two connectors placed on it.In some forms, the sidewall member has at least two connectors placed on it. In some embodiments, the connector is formed between any two or all three of the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member. In some aspects, the connector is formed between the inlet housing member and the outlet housing member. In some aspects, the connector is formed between the inlet housing member and the side wall member. In some aspects, the connector is formed between the outlet housing member and the side wall member. In some aspects, at least one connector is formed between the inlet housing member and the side wall member, and at least one connector is formed between the outlet housing member and the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, the housing assembly may comprise a plurality of connectors, for example, a gas exchange connector 6, configured to operatively connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of gas into the internal cavity. In some embodiments, at least one of the connectors is operatively connected to the gas source (directly or indirectly via a pipe that optionally includes one or more filters and / or one or more valves), while at least one other connector is configured for venting. In any of the above embodiments, the connector may be a bonded connector, a screw connector, a luer connector (e.g., a luer lock connector or a luer slip connector), a serrated connector, or any combination thereof. In any of the above embodiments, the connector may comprise a male fitting or a female fitting. In any of the above embodiments, the connector may be configured to hermetically seal the fluid-communicating piping with the gas source. In any of the above embodiments, the connector may comprise one or more valves. In any of the above embodiments, the connector may be operatively connected to the piping comprising one or more valves. In any of the above embodiments, the connector may comprise one or more filters.In any of the above configurations, the connector can be operationally connected to the piping comprising one or more filters. In any of the above configurations, the one or more filters can be a gas filter, for example, an air filter. In any of the above configurations, the one or more filters can be a sterile filter and / or a sterilization filter for filtration sterilization. In some embodiments, the housing assembly comprises an inlet housing member with a top cover. In some embodiments, the top cover is removably attached to the inlet housing member or the side wall member. In some embodiments, the top cover is integrally formed with the inlet housing member or the side wall member. In some embodiments, the connector is located in the top cover. In any of the above embodiments, the inlet housing member may comprise one or more inlets operatively connected to the internal cavity to permit the admission of an inlet composition into the internal cavity. For example, as shown in Figure 1A, the inlet housing member 2 comprises an inlet, e.g., a pipe assembly connector 8, positioned in the top cap. In some embodiments, the connector and the one or more inlets are positioned in the top cap at different locations, e.g., as shown in Figure 1A (bottom panel) and Figure 1B. In some embodiments, the connector and the one or more inlets are positioned in the top cap at the same location.For example, one or more inlets can be configured to operationally connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby enabling or effecting the admission of gas into the internal cavity. They can also be configured to operationally connect the internal cavity to allow the admission of an inlet composition. The one or more inlets can be controllably opened or closed at certain time points during chromatography for gas admission, and at other time points during chromatography for the admission of the inlet composition. In some models, the fluid path through the one or more inlets is at an angle of approximately 90 degrees to the top cap, while the fluid path through the connector is at an angle of approximately 45 degrees to the top cap. In any of the above embodiments, the outlet housing member may include a bottom cover for the housing assembly. In some respects, the bottom cover is removably attached to the outlet housing member or the side wall member. In other respects, the bottom cover is integrally formed with the outlet housing member or the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, the outlet housing member may comprise one or more outlets operatively connected to the internal cavity to permit or effect the discharge of an outlet composition from the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the one or more outlets are located on the bottom cover. In some embodiments, the connector and the one or more outlets are located on the bottom cover in different locations, for example, as shown in Figure 1A (bottom panel). In some embodiments, the connector and the one or more outlets are located on the bottom cover in the same location.For example, one or more outlets can be configured to operationally connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of gas into the internal cavity. They can also be configured to operationally connect the internal cavity to permit or effect the discharge of an outlet composition from the internal cavity. The one or more outlets can be controllably opened or closed at certain time points during chromatography for gas admission, and can be controllably opened or closed at other time points during chromatography for the discharge of the outlet composition from the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the fluid path through the one or more outlets is at an angle of approximately 90 degrees to the bottom cover. In any of the above embodiments, the gas source may be or comprise a gas storage tank or an external environment. In any of the above embodiments, the gas in the gas source may be sterile. In any of the above embodiments, the gas may be or comprise air. In any of the above embodiments, the housing assembly may further comprise a pipe operatively connected to the gas source. In some embodiments, the pipe is configured to sterilely connect the internal cavity to the gas source. In any of the above embodiments, the pipe may comprise one or more valves. In any of the above embodiments, the pipe may comprise one or more filters. In any of the above embodiments, the housing assembly may further comprise one or more porous members, for example, a cell screen or a cell sieve. For example, as shown in Figure 1A (top panel), the housing assembly 1 comprises woven polyester mesh 9. In some embodiments, the housing assembly comprises a first porous member, for example, woven polyester mesh 9, between the inlet housing member 2 and the side wall member 7, configured to separate the stationary phase and an inlet from the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the housing assembly further comprises a second porous member, for example, woven polyester mesh 9, between the outlet housing member 3 and the side wall member 7, configured to separate the stationary phase and an outlet from the internal cavity. In either of the above embodiments, the one or more porous members may have an average pore diameter of approximately 20 µm. In either of the above embodiments, the one or more porous members may comprise a mesh having a mesh size of approximately 20 µm. In any of the above configurations, the temperature control member can be configured to regulate or maintain a stationary phase temperature in the internal cavity. In some configurations, the temperature control member is configured to heat the stationary phase in the internal cavity from an initial temperature (e.g., room temperature) to a target temperature between approximately 35°C and approximately 37°C (e.g., from approximately 35°C to approximately 37°C) during a chromatography run. In some configurations, the temperature control member is further configured to maintain the stationary phase at the target temperature. In any of the above embodiments, the housing assembly may further comprise a temperature sensor configured to measure the temperature of the stationary phase in the internal cavity. In one aspect, the temperature sensor is configured to be coupled to a monitoring / display unit. In some embodiments, the temperature sensor is configured to be electrically connected to a power supply. In some embodiments, the power supply is external to the housing assembly. In some embodiments, the housing assembly also includes the power supply. In any of the above embodiments, the temperature control member may comprise a heating source. Alternatively, in any of the above embodiments, the temperature control member may be configured to be operationally connected to a heating source that is external to the housing assembly. In some embodiments, the temperature control member includes a heating element. In some embodiments, the heating element is configured to uniformly heat the stationary phase. In any of the above embodiments, the temperature control member may comprise a heating element selected from the group consisting of an electric heating element, an electromagnetic induction heating element, a non-electric heating element, and any combination thereof. In one aspect, the heating element is an electric heating element. In some embodiments, the electric heating element comprises a metal plate, a metal rod, a metal wire, or a combination thereof. In one aspect, the heating element is an electromagnetic induction heating element.In some embodiments, the electromagnetic induction heating element comprises an induction heating coil surrounding a magnetizable core configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity. In one respect, the heating element is a non-electrical heating element. In some embodiments, the non-electric heating element comprises a heating channel with an inlet and an outlet for a heated fluid, e.g., a heated liquid or gas. In some embodiments, the heating channel is a heating coil and the heated fluid is heated water. For example, as shown in Figure 1A, the housing assembly comprises the heating coil inlet 10 and heating coil outlet 11. In some embodiments, the heated water inlet is configured to connect to an external heated water tank. In some embodiments, the heating element is an electric heating element. In some embodiments, the electric heating element is configured to be electrically connected to a power supply. In some embodiments, the power supply is external to the housing assembly. In some embodiments, the housing assembly also includes the power supply. In some embodiments, the electric heating element includes a metal plate. In some embodiments, the metal plate is made at least partly of a heat-conducting metal, for example, aluminum or copper. In some embodiments, the metal plate is made at least partly of aluminum; for example, it is made entirely of aluminum. In some embodiments, the electric heating element also includes a layer of electrical insulation. In some embodiments, the electrical insulation layer is located between at least a portion of the metal plate and at least a portion of other components of the electric heating element. In some embodiments, the electrical insulation layer covers at least a portion of one side of the metal plate; for example, it completely covers one side of the metal plate. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the heating element is in contact, for example, direct contact, with at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the heating element is in contact, for example, direct contact, with at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the heating element is in contact, for example, direct contact, with at least a portion of the inlet housing member. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the heating element is in contact, for example, direct contact, with at least a portion of the outlet housing member. In some embodiments, the heating element is in contact, for example, direct contact, with at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or the side wall member. In some embodiments, the heating element is in contact, for example, direct contact, with at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, the heating element is in contact, for example, direct contact, with the side wall member. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the heating element is not in contact with at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, the heating element is not in contact with at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, the heating element is not in contact with the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, or the side wall member. In any of the above configurations, the heating element can be positioned along and / or around a central axis of the internal cavity. In some configurations, the heating element is positioned inside the internal cavity, outside the internal cavity, or partially inside and partially outside the internal cavity. In some configurations, the heating element is positioned inside the side wall member, outside the side wall member, or partially inside and partially outside the side wall member. In some models, the heating element is located within the internal cavity. In some models, the heating element includes a non-electric heating element located within the internal cavity. In some models, the heating element includes a heating channel located within the internal cavity. In some models, the heating channel includes an inlet and an outlet for a heated fluid, for example, heated water. In some models, the inlet for the heated water is configured to connect to an external heated water tank. In some embodiments, the heating element is positioned outside the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the heating element is positioned outside the side wall member. In some embodiments, the heating element surrounds at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, the heating element surrounds, for example, completely surrounds, the side wall member. In some embodiments, the heating element surrounds at least a portion of the inlet housing member. In some embodiments, at least a portion of one or more inlets of the inlet housing member, for example, one or more inlets operatively connected to the internal cavity to permit the admission of an inlet composition into the internal cavity, is exposed by the heating element.In some embodiments, at least a portion of one or more inlets of the inlet housing member operatively connected to the internal cavity to permit the admission of an inlet composition into the internal cavity is exposed by the heating element. In some embodiments, at least a portion of one or more inlets of the inlet housing member is outside the heating element. In some embodiments, the heating element surrounds at least a portion of the outlet housing member. In some embodiments, at least a portion of one or more outlets of the outlet housing member, for example, one or more outlets operatively connected to the internal cavity to permit or effect the discharge of an outlet composition from the internal cavity, is exposed by the heating element.In some embodiments, at least a portion of one or more outlets operatively connected to the internal cavity to permit or effect the discharge of an outlet composition from the internal cavity is exposed by the heating element. In some embodiments, at least a portion of one or more outlets of the outlet housing member is outside the heating element. In some embodiments, the heating element includes a heating channel that surrounds at least a portion of the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member and / or the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, the heating element may comprise a coil surrounding the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and / or the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, the heating element may comprise a heating channel surrounding the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and / or the side wall member. In any of the above embodiments, the heating element may comprise a heating channel surrounding the side wall member. In some embodiments, the heating element surrounds at least a portion of the side wall member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the inlet housing member, and the housing assembly further comprises an insulation layer between the heating element and at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, the insulation layer surrounds at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, the insulation layer surrounds at least a portion of the side wall member, for example, it completely surrounds the side wall member. In some embodiments, the insulation layer is a solid layer.In some models, the insulation layer is a liquid layer. In some models, the insulation layer is a gas layer. In some models, the insulation layer is an air layer. In some embodiments, the temperature control member includes a plurality of heating elements. In some embodiments, the temperature control member includes between or approximately 2 and 10 heating elements, between or approximately 2 and 8 heating elements, between or approximately 2 and 6 heating elements, or between or approximately 2 and 4 heating elements, each inclusive. In some embodiments, the temperature control member includes two heating elements. In some embodiments, the temperature control member includes three heating elements. In some embodiments, the temperature control member includes four heating elements. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements is configured to uniformly heat the stationary phase. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of heating elements is selected from the group consisting of an electric heating element, an electromagnetic induction heating element, a non-electric heating element, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements is identical. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements is a combination of different heating elements. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements includes a plurality of non-electric heating elements. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements includes a plurality of heating channels. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of heating channels has an inlet and outlet for a heated fluid, for example, heated water. In some embodiments, at least two of the plurality of heating channels are fluidly coupled together. In some embodiments, the inlet of at least one of the plurality of heating channels is configured to connect to an external reservoir of heated fluid, for example, heated water. In some embodiments, the inlet of each of the plurality of heating channels is configured to connect to an external reservoir of heated fluid. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements includes a plurality of electrical heating elements, for example, electrical heating elements comprising metal plates. In some embodiments, at least two of the plurality of electrical heating elements are electrically coupled to each other. In some embodiments, the plurality of electrical heating elements is electrically coupled to each other. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of electrical heating elements is configured to be electrically connected to a power source, for example, an external power supply or one included in the housing assembly. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of electrical heating elements is configured to be electrically connected to a power source, for example, an external power supply or one included in the housing assembly. In some embodiments, at least a portion of at least one of the plurality of heating elements is in contact, for example, direct contact, with at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, at least a portion of at least one of the plurality of heating elements is in contact, for example, direct contact, with at least a portion of the inlet housing member. In some embodiments, at least a portion of at least one of the plurality of heating elements is in contact, for example, direct contact, with at least a portion of the outlet housing member. In some embodiments, at least a portion of at least one of the plurality of heating elements is in contact, for example, direct contact, with at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, at least a portion of at least one of the plurality of heating elements is in contact, for example, direct contact, with at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements is in contact, for example, direct contact, with at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements is in contact, for example, direct contact, with at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements is in contact, for example, direct contact, with the side wall member. In some embodiments, at least a portion of at least one of the plurality of heating elements is not in contact with at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, or at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, at least a portion of at least one of the plurality of heating elements is not in contact with the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, or the side wall member. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements is not in contact with the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, or the side wall member. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements is not in contact with the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, or the side wall member. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements is positioned along and / or around a central axis of the internal cavity. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements is positioned inside the internal cavity, outside the internal cavity, or partially inside and partially outside the internal cavity. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements is positioned inside the side wall member, outside the side wall member, or partially inside and partially outside the side wall member. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements is positioned inside the internal cavity and at least one of the plurality of heating elements is positioned outside the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements is positioned inside the internal cavity.In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements is located outside the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements is located outside the side wall member. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements is positioned outside the internal cavity. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements surrounds at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements surrounds at least a portion of the side wall member, for example, completely surrounds the side wall member. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements surrounds at least a portion of the side wall member, for example, completely surrounds the side wall member. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements surrounds at least a portion of the inlet housing member.In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements surrounds at least a portion of the inlet housing member. In some embodiments, at least a portion of one or more inlets of the inlet housing member is exposed by the plurality of heating elements. In some embodiments, at least a portion of one or more inlets of the inlet housing member is outside the plurality of heating elements. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements surrounds at least a portion of the outlet housing member. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements surrounds at least a portion of the outlet housing member. In some embodiments, at least a portion of one or more outlets of the outlet housing member is exposed by the plurality of heating elements.In some embodiments, at least a portion of one or more outlets of the outlet housing member is outside the plurality of heating elements. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements is distributed uniformly or approximately uniformly around the side wall member. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements is distributed uniformly or approximately uniformly around the circumference of the side wall member. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements surrounds at least a portion of the side wall member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the inlet housing member, and the housing assembly further comprises an insulation layer between at least one of the plurality of heating elements and at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, the insulation layer surrounds at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, the insulation layer surrounds at least a portion of the side wall member, for example, it completely surrounds the side wall member.In some models, the insulation layer is a liquid layer. In some models, the insulation layer is a gas layer. In some models, the insulation layer is an air layer. In some embodiments, the heating element is positioned outside the side wall member, and the housing assembly further includes a sleeve member (also referred to herein as a sleeve) that encloses the heating element. In some embodiments, the sleeve member includes the temperature control member that encloses the heating element positioned outside the side wall member. In some embodiments, the sleeve member is any of the forms described in Section IC. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements is positioned outside the side wall member, and the housing assembly further includes a sleeve member that includes at least one of the plurality of heating elements. In some embodiments, the sleeve member includes the temperature control member that includes at least one of the plurality of heating elements. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements is positioned outside the side wall member, and the housing assembly further includes a sleeve member that includes the plurality of heating elements. In some embodiments, the sleeve member includes the temperature control member that includes the plurality of heating elements. In some embodiments, the sleeve member is configured to encircle at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, the sleeve member encircles at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, the sleeve member is jointly releasably connected to encircle at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, the sleeve member is not jointly releasably connected. In some embodiments, the sleeve member is configured to encircle at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, the sleeve member is configured to completely encircle the side wall member. In some embodiments, the sleeve member encircles at least a portion of the side wall member, for example, completely encircling the side wall member. In some embodiments, the sleeve member completely encircles the side wall member. In some embodiments, the sleeve member encircles at least a portion of the inlet housing member. In some embodiments, one or more inlets of the inlet housing member are exposed by the sleeve member. In some embodiments, one or more inlets of the inlet housing member, operatively connected to the internal cavity to permit the admission of an inlet composition into the internal cavity, are exposed by the sleeve member.In some embodiments, one or more inlets of the inlet housing member are outside the sleeve member. In some embodiments, the sleeve member surrounds at least a portion of the outlet housing member. In some embodiments, one or more outlets of the outlet housing member are exposed by the sleeve member. In some embodiments, one or more outlets of the outlet housing member, operatively connected to the internal cavity to permit or effect the discharge of an outlet composition from the internal cavity, are exposed by the sleeve member. In some embodiments, one or more outlets of the outlet housing member are outside the sleeve member. In some embodiments, the shirt member is in contact, for example, direct contact, with at least a portion of the inlet accommodation member, at least a portion of the outlet accommodation member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, the shirt member is in contact, for example, direct contact, with at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, the shirt member is in contact, for example, direct contact, with the side wall member. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the shirt member is not in contact with at least a portion of the inlet accommodation member, at least a portion of the outlet accommodation member, or at least a portion of the sidewall member. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the shirt member is not in contact with the inlet accommodation member, the outlet accommodation member, or the sidewall member. In some embodiments, the shirt member is not in contact with the inlet accommodation member, the outlet accommodation member, or the sidewall member. In some embodiments, the jacket member includes a non-electric heating element, for example, a heating channel including an inlet and an outlet for heated fluid. In some embodiments, the jacket member includes a plurality of non-electric heating elements. In some embodiments, the jacket member includes at least one opening for an inlet for heated fluid. In some embodiments, the jacket member includes at least one opening for an outlet for heated fluid. In some embodiments, the jacket member includes at least two openings for one or more inlets for heated fluid. In some embodiments, the jacket member includes at least two openings for one or more outlets for heated fluid, for example, heated water.In some embodiments, the sleeve member is configured to be electrically connected to a power source, for example, an external power supply or one included in the housing assembly. In some embodiments, the sleeve member includes an electrical heating element, for example, an electrical heating element that includes a metal plate. In some embodiments, the sleeve member includes a plurality of electrical heating elements. In some embodiments, the sleeve member is arranged so that the electrical heating element or plurality of electrical heating elements are configured to be electrically connected to a power source. In some embodiments, the sleeve member includes at least one temperature sensor configured to measure the temperature of the stationary phase in the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the temperature sensor is configured to be electrically connected to a power source, for example, an external power supply or one included in the housing assembly. In some embodiments, the sleeve member includes one or more sleeve components. In some embodiments, the one or more sleeve components are configured to collectively form the sleeve member. In some embodiments, the one or more sleeve components are configured to enclose at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, the one or more sleeve components are configured to be releasably connected together to enclose at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member. In some embodiments, one or more sleeve components are configured to surround at least a portion of the side wall member, for example, completely encircling the side wall member. In some embodiments, one or more sleeve components are configured to completely encircle the side wall member. In some embodiments, one or more sleeve components are configured to surround at least a portion of the inlet housing member. In some embodiments, one or more inlets of the inlet housing member are exposed by one or more sleeve components. In some embodiments, one or more inlets of the inlet housing member are outside the one or more sleeve components. In some embodiments, one or more sleeve components are configured to surround at least a portion of the outlet housing member.In some modalities, one or more outlets of the outlet accommodation member are exposed by one or more shirt components. In some modalities, one or more outlets of the outlet accommodation member are outside of one or more shirt components. In some forms, the shirt member includes two or more shirt components, for example, between or between approximately 2 and 10 shirt components, 2 and 8 shirt components, 2 and 6 shirt components, or 2 and 4 shirt components, inclusive. In some forms, the shirt member includes two shirt components. In some forms, the shirt member includes three shirt components. In some forms, the shirt member includes four shirt components. In some configurations, at least two of the two or more jacket components each include a heating element. In some configurations, at least two of the two or more jacket components each include a temperature sensor. In some embodiments, at least two of the two or more jacket components each include a non-electrical heating element. In some embodiments, at least two of the two or more jacket components each include a heating channel with inlet and outlet for a heated fluid, for example, heated water. In some embodiments, the two or more jacket components each include a heating channel with inlet and outlet for a heated fluid, for example, heated water. In some configurations, the heating channels of at least two of the two or more jacket components are seamlessly coupled together. In some embodiments, at least one of the two or more jacket components includes an inlet for a heated fluid, for example, heated water. In some embodiments, each of the two or more jacket components includes an inlet for a fluid, for example, heated water. In some embodiments, at least one inlet of the heating channels of the two or more jacket components is configured to connect to an external heated fluid reservoir. In some embodiments, each inlet of the heating channels of the two or more jacket components is configured to connect to an external heated fluid reservoir. In some embodiments, at least one of the two or more jacket components includes an outlet for a heated fluid, for example, heated water. In some embodiments, both or more jacket components each include an outlet for a fluid, for example, heated water. Figures 25-28 provide schematic representations of an example housing assembly for column chromatography. The example housing assembly 1 shown in Figure 25 includes an inlet housing member 2, an outlet housing member 3, and a sidewall member 7, which together form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase. Housing assembly 1 also includes a gas supply connector for threaded air filters (not shown) and a temperature control member that includes heating coils 5, as shown in Figures 26A-26C. The heating coils 5 are contained within a sleeve member made of two sleeve components 12. The sleeve components 12 are configured together to completely encircle the sidewall member 7 and to encircle at least a portion of each inlet housing member 2 and outlet housing member 3.Each shirt component 12 includes an input slot 13 so that the shirt member exposes an input of the input housing member 2. Each shirt component 12 also includes an output slot 14 so that the shirt member exposes an output of the output housing member 3. Figures 26A-26C show interior, side, and exterior views of the sleeve component 12. As shown in Figures 26A-26C, each sleeve component 12 includes a heating coil 5 for a heated fluid, for example, heated water. The two heating coils 5 of the sleeve member are configured together to completely encircle the side wall member 7 and to encircle at least a portion of each inlet housing member 2 and outlet housing member 3. Each sleeve component 12 also includes openings for a heating coil inlet 10 and a heating coil outlet 11. As shown in Figure 27, the heating coil inlets 10 are parallel to an inlet of the inlet housing member 2. As shown in Figure 28, the heating coil outlets 1 are parallel to an outlet of the outlet housing member 3. In some embodiments, at least two of the two or more jacket components each comprise an electric heating element, for example, an electric heating element that includes a metal plate. In some embodiments, at least two of the two or more jacket components each comprise an electric heating element. In some embodiments, the two or more jacket components each comprise an electric heating element. In some embodiments, the electric heating elements of at least two of the two or more jacket components are electrically coupled to each other. In some embodiments, at least one of the two or more sleeve components is configured to be electrically connected to a power source, for example, an external power supply or one included in the housing assembly. In some embodiments, each of the two or more sleeve components is configured to be electrically connected to a power source, for example, an external power supply or one included in the housing assembly. In some embodiments, at least one electrical heating element of at least two of the two or more jacket components is configured to be electrically connected to a power source, for example, an external power supply or one included in the housing assembly. In some embodiments, each electrical heating element of the two or more jacket components is configured to be electrically connected to a power source, for example, an external power supply or one included in the housing assembly. Figures 29-31 provide schematic representations of an example housing assembly for column chromatography. The example housing assembly 1 shown in Figure 29 includes inlet housing member 2, outlet housing member 3, and sidewall member 7, which together form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase.Housing assembly 1 also includes a gas supply connector for threaded air filters (not shown) and a temperature control member comprising electric heating elements 17 with metal plates. The electric heating elements 17 are part of a sleeve member made of three sleeve components 12. The sleeve components 12 are configured together to completely encircle the side wall member 7 and to encircle at least a portion of each inlet housing member 2 and outlet housing member 3. Each sleeve component 12 includes an inlet slot 13 so that the sleeve member exposes an inlet of the inlet housing member 2. Each sleeve component 12 also includes an outlet slot 14 so that the sleeve member exposes an outlet of the outlet housing member 3. Figures 30A-30C show three views of the sleeve component 12. Each sleeve component 12 includes an electric heating element 17 and a temperature sensor 18. Each electric heating element 17 is configured to be electrically connected to a power supply by means of the heating element electrical connection 16, and each temperature sensor is configured to be electrically connected to a power supply by means of the temperature sensor electrical connection 20. As shown in Figure 30D, the electric heating element 17 also includes an electrical insulation layer 19 and an aluminum profile 21. Each electric heating element 17 is mounted to the sleeve component 12 at the mounting points 15.The electric heating elements 17 and sleeve components 12 are configured so that the electric heating elements 17 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the side wall member 7. As shown in Figure 29, the heating element electrical connections 16 and the temperature sensor electrical connections 20 are exposed on the same face of the sleeve member as the outlet of the outlet housing member 3. In one aspect, a column chromatography housing assembly is disclosed herein, comprising: an inlet housing member, an outlet housing member, and a side wall member, wherein the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography; a temperature control member comprising a heating element positioned along and / or around a central axis of the internal cavity, the heating element being configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity; and a connector configured to operatively and sterilely connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of sterile gas into the internal cavity. In one aspect, a column chromatography housing assembly is disclosed herein, comprising: an inlet housing member, an outlet housing member, and a side wall member, wherein the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography; a temperature control member configured to regulate or maintain a temperature of the stationary phase and comprising a heating element positioned along and / or around a central axis of the internal cavity, the heating element being configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity; and a connector configured to operatively and sterilely connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of sterile gas into the internal cavity. In another aspect, a column chromatography housing assembly is disclosed herein, comprising: an inlet housing member, an outlet housing member, and a side wall member, wherein the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography; a temperature control member comprising a heating element comprising a metal plate configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity; and a connector configured to operatively and sterilely connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of sterile gas into the internal cavity. In another aspect, a column chromatography housing assembly is disclosed herein, comprising: an inlet housing member, an outlet housing member, and a side wall member, wherein the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography; a temperature control member configured to regulate or maintain a temperature of the stationary phase, wherein the temperature control member comprises two heating coils configured to provide heat to the stationary phase;a sleeve member comprising the temperature control member comprising the two heating coils, wherein the sleeve member is releasably connected together to encircle at least a portion of the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member and the side wall member and the two heating coils completely encircle the side wall member; and a connector configured to operatively and sterilely connect the internal cavity to a gas filter, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of sterile gas into the internal cavity. In another aspect, a column chromatography housing assembly is disclosed herein, comprising: an inlet housing member, an outlet housing member, and a side wall member, wherein the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography; a temperature control member configured to regulate or maintain a temperature of the stationary phase, wherein the temperature control member comprises three electrical heating elements, each comprising a metal plate and configured to provide heat to the stationary phase;a sleeve member comprising the temperature control member comprising the three heating elements, wherein the sleeve member is releasably connected together to encircle at least a portion of the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member and the side wall member and the two heating coils completely encircle the side wall member; and a connector configured to operatively and sterilely connect the internal cavity to a gas filter, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of sterile gas into the internal cavity. In yet another aspect, a column chromatography housing assembly is disclosed herein, comprising: an inlet housing member, an outlet housing member, and a side wall member, wherein the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography; a temperature control member comprising a heating element comprising a heating coil configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity; and a connector configured to operatively and sterilely connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of sterile gas into the internal cavity. In some embodiments, the heating coil comprises an inlet and an outlet for heated water.In some aspects, the heating coil surrounds the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member. In one aspect, a column chromatography housing assembly is disclosed herein, comprising: an inlet housing member, an outlet housing member, and a side wall member, wherein the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography; a temperature control member comprising a heating element configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity; and a connector configured to operatively and sterilely connect the internal cavity to a gas filter, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of sterile gas into the internal cavity. In any of the above embodiments, the gas filter may be an air filter and the sterile gas may be sterile air. In any of the above embodiments, the housing assembly may also include the gas filter. Also disclosed herein is a set of housing assemblies, comprising a plurality of the housing assembly disclosed herein. The housing assembly may comprise at least two of the plurality of the housing assembly arranged sequentially. The housing assembly may comprise at least two of the plurality of the housing assembly arranged in parallel. Also disclosed herein is a chromatography system, comprising any of the housing assemblies disclosed herein and at least one additional chromatography column. In some embodiments, the at least one additional chromatography column does not include a temperature control member. In some embodiments, the at least one additional chromatography column does not include a connector configured to operatively connect an internal cavity of the at least one additional chromatography column to a gas source. B. Chromatography kits, columns and column assemblies In some embodiments, a chromatography kit is also disclosed herein, comprising the housing assembly or set of housing assemblies disclosed herein, and a stationary phase for column chromatography. In some embodiments, the housing assembly or set of housing assemblies is any of the types described in Section IA. In some embodiments, the chromatography kit further comprises one or more stimulating agents or stimulating reagents. In some embodiments, the one or more stimulating agents or stimulating reagents are any of the types described in Section II-B-1 or II-B-2.In some embodiments, a chromatography column or chromatography column assembly is also disclosed herein, comprising the housing assembly or assembly of housing assemblies disclosed herein, and a stationary phase for column chromatography in the internal cavity of one or more of the housing assembly. In some embodiments, the housing assembly or assembly of housing assemblies is any of the types described in Section IA. In some embodiments, a chromatography column, including a sleeve member and a chromatography column, is also disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the internal cavity of the chromatography column includes a stationary phase for column chromatography. In some embodiments, the sleeve member is any of the components described in section IC. In some embodiments, a set of chromatography columns is also disclosed herein, comprising at least one sleeve member and a plurality of chromatography columns. In some embodiments, the sleeve member is any of the types described in Section IC. In some embodiments, the internal cavity of each of the plurality of chromatography columns comprises a stationary phase for column chromatography. In some embodiments, the plurality of chromatography columns are arranged sequentially. In some embodiments, the plurality of chromatography columns are arranged in parallel. In some embodiments, the plurality of chromatography columns are operationally connected. In some embodiments, the plurality of chromatography columns includes a first chromatography column. In some embodiments, the plurality of chromatography columns includes a second chromatography column. In some embodiments, at least one sleeve member is configured to surround the second chromatography column. In any of the above embodiments, the stationary phase may comprise a gel filtration matrix and / or an affinity chromatography matrix. The stationary phase may comprise a non-magnetic, non-ferromagnetic, or non-paramagnetic material. In other respects, the stationary phase is selected from the group consisting of a cellulose membrane, a plastic membrane, a polysaccharide gel, a polyacrylamide gel, an agarose gel, polysaccharide-grafted silica, polyvinylpyrrolidone-grafted silica, polyethylene oxide-grafted silica, poly(2-hydroxyethylaspartamide) silica, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted silica, a styrene-divinylbenzene gel, a copolymer of an acrylate or acrylamide and a diol, a copolymer of a polysaccharide and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and a combination thereof. The stationary phase can comprise or is a monolithic matrix, a particulate matrix and / or a planar matrix. In any of the above embodiments, the particulate matrix can have an average particle size of approximately 5 µm to approximately 200 µm, approximately 5 µm to approximately 600 µm, or approximately 5 µm to approximately 1500 µm. In any of the above embodiments, the stationary phase can have an average pore size of approximately 1 nm to approximately 500 nm. In any of the above embodiments, the stationary phase may comprise, immobilized therein, any of the agents described in section II-B-1. In some embodiments, the agents are immobilized directly in the stationary phase. In some embodiments, the agents are immobilized indirectly in the stationary phase. In some embodiments, the agents are irreversibly immobilized in the stationary phase. In some embodiments, the agents are reversibly immobilized in the stationary phase. In some embodiments, the agents are reversibly immobilized in the stationary phase by means of a streptavidin mutein reversibly bound to a streptavidin-binding peptide. In some embodiments, the streptavidin mutein and / or the streptavidin-binding peptide are any of the agents described in section II-B-2. In any of the above modalities, the stationary phase may comprise a selection agent immobilized thereon. In some modalities, the selection agent is capable of specifically binding to a selection marker on the surface of one or more cells. In some modalities, the one or more cells are immune cells. In some modalities, the one or more cells are T cells. Also disclosed herein is an apparatus comprising the housing assembly, the set of housing assemblies, or the chromatography kit, chromatography column, or set of chromatography columns, further comprising an inlet composition reservoir operatively connected to the internal cavity via an inlet in the inlet housing member. In some embodiments, the inlet composition comprises or is blood or a blood-derived sample. In some embodiments, the inlet composition comprises or is a whole blood sample, a buffy coat sample, a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) sample, an unfractionated T-cell sample, a lymphocyte sample, a white blood cell sample, an apheresis product, or a leukapheresis product.In some embodiments, the apheresis or leukapheresis product is freshly isolated from a subject or thawed from a cryopreserved apheresis or leukapheresis product. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises an outlet composition reservoir operatively connected to the internal cavity via an outlet in the outlet housing member. In some aspects, the outlet composition comprises or is enriched T cells. In other aspects, the enriched T cells have been stimulated during chromatography in the chromatography column. In any of the above embodiments, the apparatus may be a closed or sterile system. An example apparatus including an example housing assembly 1 is shown in Figure 1B. This document also discloses a method for preparing a chromatography column or set of chromatography columns, comprising introducing a stationary phase into the housing assembly or set of housing assemblies disclosed herein. Furthermore, this document discloses a method for preparing a chromatography column or set of chromatography columns, comprising introducing the stationary phase of the chromatography kit into the housing assembly or set of housing assemblies of the chromatography kit. C. Shirt members for chromatography The devices provided herein also include sleeve members for column chromatography. In some respects, the provided sleeve members are devices that enable improved methods involving the isolation, processing, or manipulation of target cells immobilized on a stationary phase of a chromatography column, for example, methods of stimulation and / or selection of target cells in a column. In some respects, the provided sleeve members allow for temperature regulation, for example, heating, of the immobilized cells. In some respects, the provided sleeve members allow for the maintenance of the temperature of the immobilized cells, for example, at approximately 37°C or 37°C ± approximately 5°C.In some respects, the regulation and maintenance of cell temperature by the provided devices improves spinal manipulation, for example, stimulation of immobilized cells, for example, by improving the overall health, suitability, or condition of immobilized cells during spinal manipulation. In one aspect, the jacket member includes one or more jacket components configured to encircle at least a portion of a chromatography column. In some aspects, the chromatography column is configured to house a stationary phase. In some aspects, the chromatography column includes a stationary phase. In some aspects, the jacket member further includes one or more heating elements. In some aspects, the one or more heating elements are configured to provide heat to the stationary phase. In some embodiments, the one or more heating elements are configured to be part of a temperature control member. In some aspects, the temperature control member is configured to regulate or maintain a stationary phase temperature. In some embodiments, the one or more heating elements are any of the types described in Section IA.In some modalities, the temperature control member is anyone as described in section IA. In some embodiments, one or more jacket components are configured to releasably connect together to encircle at least a portion of the chromatography column. In other embodiments, one or more jacket components are configured not to releasably connect together. In some embodiments, the sleeve member is configured to encircle at least a portion of a chromatography column that can accommodate a bed volume between or approximately 1 and 40 ml, such as between or approximately 1 and 35 ml, 1 and 30 ml, 1 and 25 ml, 1 and 20 ml, 1 and 15 ml, 1 and 10 ml, 1 and 5 ml, 5 and 40 ml, 5 and 35 ml, 5 and 30 ml, 5 and 25 ml, 5 and 20 ml, 5 and 15 ml, 5 and 10 ml, 10 and 40 ml, 10 and 35 ml, 10 and 30 ml, 10 and 25 ml, 10 and 20 ml, 10 and 15 ml, 15 and 40 ml, 15 and 35 ml, 15 and 30 ml, 15 and 25 ml, 15 and 20 ml, 20 and 40 ml, 20 and 35 ml, 20 and 30 ml, 20 and 25 ml, 25 and 40 ml, 25 and 35 ml, 25 and 30 ml, 30 and 40 ml, 30 and 35 ml, or 35 and 40 ml. In some embodiments, the sleeve member is configured to encircle at least a portion of a chromatography column that can accommodate a bed volume between or between approximately 15 and 25 ml.In some embodiments, the sleeve member is configured to encircle at least a portion of a chromatography column that can accommodate a bed volume of approximately 15 to 20 ml. In some embodiments, the sleeve member is configured to encircle at least a portion of a chromatography column that can accommodate a bed volume of approximately 18 to 20 ml. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the sleeve member is configured to be in contact, for example, direct contact, with at least a portion of the chromatography column. In some embodiments, the sleeve member is configured to be in contact, for example, direct contact, with at least a portion of the chromatography column. In some embodiments, the sleeve member is configured to be in contact, for example, direct contact, with the chromatography column. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the sleeve member is configured not to be in contact with at least a portion of the chromatography column. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the sleeve member is configured not to be in contact with the chromatography column. In some embodiments, the sleeve member is configured not to be in contact with the chromatography column. In some embodiments, the sleeve member is configured so that an isolation layer can be placed between the one or more sleeve components and the chromatography column. In some embodiments, the sleeve member further includes an isolation layer. In some embodiments, the isolation layer is configured to be placed between the one or more sleeve components and at least a portion of the chromatography column. In some embodiments, the isolation layer is configured to be placed between the one or more sleeve components and the chromatography column. In some embodiments, the isolation layer is configured to surround at least a portion of the chromatography column. In some models, the insulation layer includes a gas layer, for example, an air layer. In some models, the insulation layer includes a liquid layer. In some models, the insulation layer includes a solid layer. In some embodiments, the temperature control member can be configured to heat a stationary phase contained in a chromatography column to a target temperature between approximately 30°C and approximately 39°C (e.g., aoa approximately 37°C). In some embodiments, the initial temperature is approximately 2°C, approximately 4°C, approximately 8°C, approximately 12°C, approximately 16°C, approximately 20°C, approximately 24°C, approximately 28°C, approximately 32°C, approximately 36°C, or higher than approximately 36°C. In some embodiments, the temperature control member can be configured to heat the stationary phase to approximately 37°C.In some configurations, the temperature control member can be set to heat the stationary phase by approximately 2°C, approximately 4°C, approximately 8°C, approximately 12°C, approximately 16°C, approximately 20°C, approximately 24°C, approximately 28°C, approximately 32°C, approximately 36°C, approximately 37°C, approximately 38°C, approximately 39°C, or approximately 40°C. In some configurations, the temperature control member can be set to maintain the stationary phase at a target temperature.In some configurations, the temperature control member can be set to maintain the stationary phase at a target temperature ± approximately 5°C, ± approximately 4°C, ± approximately 3°C, ± approximately 2°C, ± approximately 1°C, or ± approximately 0.5°C. In some configurations, the temperature control member can be set to maintain the stationary phase at 37°C ± approximately 5°C, ± approximately 4°C, ± approximately 3°C, ± approximately 2°C, ± approximately 1°C, or ± approximately 0.5°C. In some embodiments, the temperature control member can be configured to regulate or maintain the temperature of a stationary phase contained in a chromatography column. In some aspects, the temperature control member is configured to heat, for example, uniformly heat, the stationary phase from an initial temperature (e.g., room temperature) to a target temperature between approximately 30°C and approximately 37°C. In some aspects, the temperature control member is further configured to maintain the stationary phases at the target temperature. In some embodiments, the sleeve member may also include a temperature sensor configured to measure the temperature of the stationary phase in the internal cavity. In one aspect, the temperature sensor is configured to be coupled to a monitoring / display unit. In some embodiments, the temperature sensor is configured to be electrically connected to a power supply. In some embodiments, the power supply is external to the sleeve member. In some embodiments, the sleeve member also includes the power supply. In any of the above embodiments, the temperature control member may comprise a heating source. Alternatively, in any of the above embodiments, the temperature control member may be configured to be operationally connected to a heating source that is external to the housing assembly. In some embodiments, the temperature control member includes a heating element. In some embodiments, the heating element is configured to uniformly heat the stationary phase. In any of the above embodiments, the temperature control member may comprise a heating element selected from the group consisting of an electric heating element, an electromagnetic induction heating element, a non-electric heating element, and any combination thereof. In one aspect, the heating element is an electric heating element. In some embodiments, the electric heating element comprises a metal plate, a metal rod, a metal wire, or a combination thereof. In one aspect, the heating element is an electromagnetic induction heating element.In some embodiments, the electromagnetic induction heating element comprises an induction heating coil surrounding a magnetizable core configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity. In one respect, the heating element is a non-electrical heating element. In some embodiments, the non-electric heating element comprises a heating channel with an inlet and an outlet for a heated fluid, for example, a heated liquid or gas. In some embodiments, the heating channel is a heating coil. In some embodiments, the heated fluid is heated water. In some embodiments, the heated water inlet is configured to connect to an external heated water tank. In some embodiments, the heating element is an electric heating element. In some embodiments, the electric heating element is configured to be electrically connected to a power supply. In some embodiments, the power supply is external to the sleeve member. In some embodiments, the sleeve member also incorporates the power supply. In some embodiments, the electric heating element includes a metal plate. In some embodiments, the metal plate is made at least partly of a heat-conducting metal, for example, aluminum or copper. In some embodiments, the metal plate is made at least partly of aluminum, for example, entirely of aluminum. In some embodiments, the electric heating element further includes a layer of electrical insulation, for example, between at least a portion of the metal plate and at least a portion of other components of the electric heating element. In some embodiments, the layer of electrical insulation covers at least a portion of one face of the metal plate, for example, completely covers one face of the metal plate. In some configurations, at least a portion of the heating element is configured to be in contact, for example, direct contact, with at least a portion of the chromatography column. In some configurations, at least a portion of the heating element is configured to not be in contact with at least a portion of the chromatography column. In some configurations, the heating element is configured to not be in contact with at least a portion of the chromatography column. In some configurations, the heating element is configured to not be in contact with the chromatography column. In some configurations, the heating element is configured to surround at least a portion of the chromatography column. In some embodiments, the temperature control member includes a plurality of heating elements. In some embodiments, the temperature control member includes between or approximately 2 and 10 heating elements, between or approximately 2 and 8 heating elements, between or approximately 2 and 6 heating elements, or between or approximately 2 and 4 heating elements, each inclusive. In some embodiments, the temperature control member includes two heating elements. In some embodiments, the temperature control member includes three heating elements. In some configurations, the plurality of heating elements is configured to heat the stationary phase uniformly. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of heating elements is selected from the group consisting of an electric heating element, an electromagnetic induction heating element, a non-electric heating element, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements are identical. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements is a combination of different heating elements. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements includes a plurality of non-electric heating elements. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements includes a plurality of heating channels. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of heating channels has an inlet and outlet for a heated fluid, for example, heated water. In some embodiments, at least two of the plurality of heating channels are fluidly coupled together. In some embodiments, the inlet of at least one of the plurality of heating channels is configured to connect to an external heated liquid reservoir. In some embodiments, the inlet of each of the plurality of heating channels is configured to connect to an external heated liquid reservoir. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements includes a plurality of electrical heating elements, for example, electrical heating elements comprising metal plates. In some embodiments, at least two of the plurality of electrical heating elements are electrically coupled to each other. In some embodiments, the plurality of electrical heating elements is electrically coupled to each other. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of electrical heating elements is configured to be electrically connected to a power source, for example, an external power supply or one included in the housing assembly. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of electrical heating elements is configured to be electrically connected to a power source, for example, an external power supply or one included in the housing assembly. In some embodiments, at least a portion of at least one of the plurality of heating elements is configured to be in contact, for example, direct contact, with at least a portion of the chromatography column. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements is configured to be in contact, for example, direct contact, with at least a portion of the chromatography column. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements is configured to be in contact, for example, direct contact, with the chromatography column. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements is configured to be in contact, for example, direct contact, with the chromatography column. In some embodiments, at least a portion of at least one of the plurality of heating elements is configured not to be in contact with at least a portion of the chromatography column. In some embodiments, at least a portion of at least one of the plurality of heating elements is configured not to be in contact with the chromatography column. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of heating elements is configured not to be in contact with the chromatography column. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements is configured not to be in contact with the chromatography column. In some embodiments, the plurality of heating elements is configured to be distributed uniformly or approximately uniformly around the chromatography column, for example, around the circumference of the chromatography column. In some embodiments, the temperature control member includes a non-electrical heating element, for example, a heating channel for heated fluid. In some embodiments, the temperature control member includes a plurality of non-electrical heating elements. In some embodiments, the jacket member includes at least one inlet and at least one outlet opening for heated fluid, for example, heated water. In some embodiments, the jacket member includes at least two inlet openings and / or at least two outlet openings for heated fluid, for example, heated water. In some embodiments, the sleeve member is configured to be electrically connected to a power source, for example, an external power supply or one included in the housing assembly. In some embodiments, the sleeve member includes an electrical heating element, for example, an electrical heating element that includes a metal plate. In some embodiments, the sleeve member includes a plurality of electrical heating elements. In some embodiments, the electrical heating element is configured to be electrically connected to a power source. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of electrical heating elements is configured to be electrically connected to a power source. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of electrical heating elements is configured to be electrically connected to a power source. In some embodiments, at least two of the plurality of electric heating elements are electrically coupled to each other. In some forms, the shirt member includes two or more shirt components, for example, between or between approximately 2 and 10 shirt components, 2 and 8 shirt components, 2 and 6 shirt components, or 2 and 4 shirt components, inclusive. In some forms, the shirt member includes two shirt components. In some forms, the shirt member includes three shirt components. In some forms, the shirt member includes four shirt components. In some embodiments, at least two of the two or more jacket components each comprise a heating element. In some embodiments, at least two of the two or more jacket components each comprise a temperature sensor. In some embodiments, at least two of the two or more jacket components each comprise a non-electrical heating element. In some embodiments, at least two of the two or more jacket components each comprise a heating channel with inlet and outlet for a heated fluid, for example, heated water. In some embodiments, the two or more jacket components each comprise a heating channel with inlet and outlet for a heated fluid, for example, heated water. In some configurations, the heating channels of at least two of the two or more jacket components are seamlessly coupled together. In some embodiments, at least one of the two or more jacket components includes an opening for the inlet of a heated fluid, for example, heated water. In some embodiments, the two or more jacket components each include an opening for an inlet of a fluid, for example, heated water. In some embodiments, at least one of the two or more jacket components includes an outlet for a heated fluid, for example, heated water. In some embodiments, the two or more jacket components each include an outlet for a fluid, for example, heated water. II. METHODS FOR SELECTING, STIMULATING AND / OR MODIFYING CELLS (not part of the claimed invention) The methods disclosed in Part II below are not in accordance with the claimed invention. Using a device disclosed herein, methods are provided for generating an output cell population (also referred to as the output composition), such as selected and stimulated CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and / or CD8+ T cells, including steps for cell selection, stimulation, and collection. In certain embodiments, the methods provided herein are used in connection with the manufacture, generation, or production of a cell therapy. In some embodiments, the methods for generating or producing the output composition, for example, selected and stimulated T cells, include one or more steps for isolating cells from a subject, incubating the cells under stimulatory conditions, and genetically modifying the cells.In some modalities, the method includes processing steps carried out in an order in which input cells, e.g., primary CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, are isolated, such as selected or separated, from a biological sample and incubated under stimulating conditions and harvested in a single step, and subsequently genetically modified to introduce a recombinant polynucleotide encoding a recombinant receptor into the cells, such as by transduction or transfection; and then collected, harvested, or packed into a container, e.g., a bag or vial, as an output population. In some modalities, the cells from the output population are reintroduced into the same subject, optionally after cryopreserving and storing the cells. In some modalities, the modified output cell populations are suitable for use in a therapy, e.g., autologous cell therapy. Using a device disclosed herein, methods are provided herein for selecting cells from a sample comprising target cells (e.g., T cells, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cells) and immobilizing these target cells in the stationary phase of a chromatography column, stimulating cells immobilized in the stationary phase (also referred to herein as column stimulation), and collecting and / or eluting the selected and stimulated cells that spontaneously detach from the stationary phase without the use of competing agents or free-binding agents to facilitate detachment.Among the methods provided are those that involve selecting cells from a sample comprising target cells (e.g., T cells, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cells) and immobilizing these target cells on the stationary phase of a chromatography column, stimulating cells immobilized on the stationary phase, and collecting and / or eluting the selected and stimulated cells by gravity flow. In the provided modalities, stimulating target cells (e.g., CD3+, CD4+, or CD8+ T cells) on a stationary phase of a chromatography column facilitates the controlled depletion of the molecule used for cell selection (i.e., selection marker), resulting in the spontaneous detachment or release of the cell from the stationary phase. Cell release or detachment can occur without any additional steps or reagents.In some cases, cells can be collected by gravity flow, such as by adding a medium or other solution to the chromatography column. In certain methods, the added medium or other solution does not contain competing agents or free-binding agents to facilitate cell detachment from the stationary phase. In certain modalities, the provided methods are used to select and stimulate T cells. In some modalities, T cells are selected from a biological sample, for example, an apheresis sample, by adding cells from the sample to an affinity chromatography array (for example, stationary phase) immobilized with or bound by a T cell-specific selection agent or a subset thereof, for example, as described in section II.B-1. In the provided modalities, the methods include stimulating the cells immobilized in the stationary phase in the presence of one or more T cell-stimulating agents. In some modalities, the one or more stimulating agents include an agent for delivering a stimulatory signal to the T cells.In some modalities, the stimulatory signal is delivered via a TCR / CD3 complex on a T cell, a CD3-containing complex on a T cell, and / or an ITAM-containing molecule on a T cell. In some modalities, the stimulatory agent (e.g., first stimulatory agent) is an agent that binds to CD3, such as an anti-CD3 antibody. In some modalities, the one or more stimulatory agents also include a second stimulatory agent that is capable of further stimulating or enhancing a signal on the T cells. In some modalities, the second stimulatory agent is capable of specifically binding to a costimulatory molecule on one or more T cells, for example, CD28, CD90 (Thy-1), CD95 (Apo- / Fas), CD137 (4-1BB), CD154 (CD40L), ICOS, LAT, CD27, OX40, or HVEM. In some modalities, the second stimulating agent is an agent that binds to CD28, such as an anti-CD28 antibody.In some embodiments, the one or more stimulating agents include an anti-CD3 antibody and an anti-CD28 antibody, for example, an anti-CD3 Fab and an anti-CD28 Fab. In some embodiments, the one or more stimulating agents are immobilized or bound to a reagent (for example, a stimulating reagent) that is added to the chromatography column. In particular embodiments, the stimulating reagent is a soluble polymeric or oligomeric reagent. For example, the one or more stimulating agents are functionalized to an oligomeric or polymeric protein as opposed to a solid surface (for example, a bead). Example oligomeric stimulating reagents for use in the methods provided are described herein, for example, in section II.B-2. In some modalities, the oligomeric stimulatory reagents are an oligomeric streptavidin mutein that is functionalized or multimerized with one or more stimulatory agents (e.g., anti-CD3 Fab and anti-CD28 Fab).In the methods provided, the selected and stimulated T cells are collected by eluting or washing the selected and stimulated cells by gravity flow. In some modalities, this collection includes washing the stationary phase with media (e.g., serum-free media) that do not contain a competing or free-binding agent to elute the target cells (e.g., T cells) from the stationary phase. In some modalities, gravity flow collection includes adding media to the stationary phase that do not contain a competing or free-binding agent to elute the T cells from the stationary phase. In some modalities, this composition containing stimulated T cells does not contain a competing or free-binding agent. In some modalities, this competing or free-binding agent is or contains biotin or a biotin analogue, for example, a biotin analogue that is D-biotin. In some modalities, the competing or free-binding agent is D-biotin.In some modalities, the medium for the washing column to elute cells by gravity flow is a serum-free medium containing recombinant cytokines (e.g., IL-2). In some embodiments, the method also involves introducing a recombinant nucleic acid molecule into the stimulated T cells of the composite, where the nucleic acid molecule encodes a recombinant protein, thereby producing a composite comprising transduced T cells. In some embodiments, the recombinant protein is an antigen receptor. In some embodiments, the recombinant protein is a chimeric antigen receptor. In some embodiments, the method further includes incubating the composition containing the stimulated cells (e.g., stimulated T cells). In some embodiments, the method further includes incubating the composition containing the cells introduced with the recombinant receptor (e.g., transduced T cells). In some embodiments, the additional incubation is carried out at approximately 37°C ± 2°C. In some embodiments, the additional incubation is carried out under conditions that do not expand or substantially expand the cells. In some embodiments, the additional incubation is carried out under conditions for cell expansion (e.g., proliferation). In some embodiments, the additional incubation is carried out in the presence of an additional agent capable of delivering a signal to the T cells. In some embodiments, the additional agent is contained in the media used to wash the stationary phase.In some modalities, the additional agent is capable of enhancing or inducing the proliferation of T cells, CD4+ T cells, and / or CD8+ T cells. In some modalities, the additional agent is a cytokine selected from IL-2, IL-15, and IL-7. In some modalities, the additional incubation is carried out for a period of 72 hours, no more than 48 hours, no more than 24 hours, or no more than 12 hours. In particular embodiments, using a device disclosed herein, methods are provided relating to the generation of an output population of cells expressing a recombinant receptor from an initial or input cell population. In certain embodiments, the input population is produced, generated, and / or elaborated by combining, mixing, and / or pooling cells from a cell population containing enriched T cells, enriched CD4+ T cells, and / or enriched CD8+ T cells (hereinafter also referred to as enriched T cell populations, enriched CD4+ T cell populations, and enriched CD8+ T cell populations, respectively). In some embodiments, the input cell population is a combined, mixed, and / or pooled population of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.In certain modalities, the provided methods are used in connection with the genetic modification of selected and stimulated cells, for example, to introduce a polynucleotide encoding a recombinant protein by transduction or transfection. In certain modalities, the methods can be used to isolate selected cells from a biological sample (e.g., whole blood, apheresis) to generate an entry population of enriched T cells, such as from a biological sample taken, collected, and / or obtained from a subject. In some modalities, the provided methods can be used in connection with the harvesting, collection, and / or formulation of enriched T cell populations after the cells have been modified, transduced, and / or cultured. In certain embodiments, using a device disclosed herein, methods are provided relating to the introduction of a heterologous or recombinant polynucleotide into cells, for example, cell transduction or transfection, such as by a method described herein, for example, in section II-F. In particular embodiments, the cells are incubated either during or after genetic modification of the cells, for example, for a sufficient amount of time to allow the integration of a heterologous or recombinant polynucleotide encoding a recombinant protein or to allow the expression of the recombinant protein. In certain embodiments, the cells are incubated for a set or fixed amount of time, such as a period greater than 18 hours or less than 4 days.In some modalities, the modification step begins or starts within a set amount of time from when stimulation begins or starts, such as within 24 hours from when the cells are exposed to a stimulating agent. In some modalities, one or more processing steps are carried out, at least in part, in serum-free medium. In some modalities, the serum-free medium is a defined or well-defined cell culture medium. In certain modalities, the serum-free medium is a controlled culture medium that has been processed, for example, filtered to remove inhibitors and / or growth factors. In some modalities, the serum-free medium contains proteins. In certain modalities, the serum-free medium may contain serum albumin, hydrolyzed compounds, growth factors, hormones, carrier proteins, and / or binding factors. In some modalities, the serum-free medium includes cytokines. In some modalities, the serum-free medium includes cytokines or recombinant cytokines. In some modalities, the serum-free medium includes recombinant IL-2, IL-15, and / or IL-7. In some modalities, the serum-free medium includes glutamine.In some forms, the serum-free medium includes glutamine and recombinant IL-2, IL-15, and IL-7. In some modalities, using a device disclosed herein, methods are provided that are carried out such that one, more, or all of the steps in the preparation of cells for clinical use, for example, in adoptive cell therapy, are performed without exposing the cells to non-sterile conditions. In some modalities, the cells are selected, stimulated, transduced, washed, and formulated, all within a closed, sterile device or system. In some modalities, one or more of the steps are performed separately from the closed device or system. In some of these modalities, the cells are transferred away from the closed device or system under sterile conditions, such as by sterile transfer to a separate closed system. In some modalities, the methods provided herein are carried out using any of the devices described in section I. In certain modalities, the sample and / or isolated portions of the sample (e.g., bleukocyte layer, enriched T-cell populations) may be collected, formulated for cryoprotection, frozen (e.g., cryoprotected), and / or stored below 0°C, below -20°C, or below -70°C or -80°C before, during, or after any stage or step of the methods as provided herein. In some modalities, the cells may be stored for a period of time under 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 days, or for a period of time under 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks, or for a period of time of at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 weeks, or for more than 8 weeks. After storage, the sample or isolated portion of the sample can be thawed and processing according to the method can be resumed from the same point in the process.In particular modalities, cultured and / or formulated populations of enriched T cells are cryoprotected and stored before being administered to a subject, for example, as an autologous cell therapy. In certain modalities, at any stage or step in the process, a portion of the cells can be sampled or collected; for example, cells can be taken from the cell population (such as a T-cell population) while the population remains in the closed system. In certain modalities, these cells can be analyzed for markers, traits, or characteristics that include, but are not limited to, viability, apoptosis, activation, stimulation, growth, and / or depletion. In some modalities, the cells are sampled or collected by an automated process. In some modalities, the analysis of sampled or collected cells is automated. In certain modalities, the analysis is performed in a closed system under sterile conditions. In some modalities, the cells or cell populations produced and / or processed by the provided methods can be compared to cells or cell populations processed or produced by an example and / or alternative process. In certain modalities, the example and / or alternative process may differ in one or more specific aspects but otherwise contains the same or similar characteristics, aspects, steps, stages, reagents, or conditions as the modality or aspect of the provided methods that can be compared to an example or alternative process. For example, selected and stimulated cells generated by the provided methods—e.g., an output cell composition—can be compared to cells generated by a process involving separate selection and stimulation steps that required the use of a competition agent or free-binding agent to separate the selected cells from a stationary phase.In some embodiments, unless otherwise specified, the methods provided and the example or alternative process would otherwise have been similar and / or identical, such as having similar or identical steps for selection, enrichment, stimulation, modification, transfection, transduction, culture, and / or formulation. In some embodiments, unless otherwise specified, the methods provided and the alternative process select and / or enrich cells of the same or similar types from biological samples, and / or process cells and / or input cells of the same cell type. In some embodiments, the selected and stimulated cells are a composite containing stimulated T cells, in which the T cells have been selected from a biological sample (e.g., whole blood or apheresis sample) containing a plurality of T cells. In some embodiments, the collection and / or elution of the selected and stimulated cells that spontaneously detach from the stationary phase is achieved by gravity flow, for example, during a washing step. The methods provided herein combine steps of selection, stimulation, and cell collection and / or elution, and do not require separate steps to facilitate the detachment of the selected and stimulated cells from the stationary phase and purification steps to remove agents (e.g., competition agents and / or free-binding agents) used to facilitate detachment.As such, the methods reduce the number of processing steps required to generate a composition of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing (e.g., genetic modification, expansion, further incubation, stimulation and / or selection (e.g., initial selection and / or polishing)), thereby reducing manufacturing time, minimizing potential cell stress, and decreasing the potential for contamination. In certain modalities, the methods generate an output composition of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing within a set amount of time, such as within 24 hours. In certain modalities, the methods generate an output composition of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing within a set amount of time, such as within or within approximately 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2 hours. In certain modalities, the methods generate an output composition of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing within a set amount of time, such as within or within approximately 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2 hours.In some modalities, the methods generate an output composition of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing within a set amount of time, such as within or less than approximately 6 hours. In some modalities, the methods generate an output composition of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing within a set amount of time, such as within or less than approximately 5.5 hours. In some modalities, the methods generate an output composition of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing within a set amount of time, such as within or less than approximately 5 hours.In some modalities, the methods generate an output composition of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing within a set amount of time, such as within or less than approximately 4.5 hours. In some modalities, the methods generate an output composition of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing within a set amount of time, such as within or less than approximately 4 hours. In some modalities, the methods generate an output composition of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing within a set amount of time, such as within or less than approximately 3 hours.In some modalities, the methods generate an output composition of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing within a set amount of time, such as within or less than approximately 3 to 6 hours. In some modalities, the methods generate an output composition of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing within a set amount of time, such as within or less than approximately 4 to 6 hours. In some modalities, the methods generate an output composition of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing within a set amount of time, such as within or less than approximately 5 to 6 hours.In some modalities, the methods generate an output composition of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing within a specified timeframe, such as within or less than approximately 4 to 5 hours. In some modalities, the methods provided herein generate a modified T-cell composition (e.g., a therapeutic cell composition) within 5 days. In some modalities, the methods provided herein generate a modified T-cell composition (e.g., a therapeutic cell composition) in or in approximately 4 to 5 days. In some modalities, the steps provided herein result in a manufacturing process that is or is approximately 4 or 5 days in duration. In some modalities, the steps provided herein result in a manufacturing process that is approximately 4 to 5 days in duration.In some modalities, the steps provided herein result in a manufacturing process that is approximately 4 days or 96 ± 6 hours in duration. The methods provided include methods for selecting cells, e.g., CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells, from other components, such as other cells in a sample, and immobilizing the cells in a stationary phase of a chromatography column; stimulating the selected cells immobilized in the stationary phase; and collecting selected and stimulated cells in the absence of processing steps to detach the cells from the stationary phase and remove agents (e.g., competing agents or free-binding agents) used to facilitate this detachment from the output composition of selected and stimulated cells.In particular modalities, the methods provided include methods for selecting cells, e.g., CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells, from other components, such as other cells in a sample, and immobilizing the cells in a stationary phase of a chromatography column; stimulating the selected cells immobilized in the stationary phase; and eluting and / or collecting the selected and stimulated cells by gravity flow. In particular aspects, the methods provided are improved upon compared to many existing methods for generating modified cells (e.g., T cells) for cell therapy, which include one or more additional steps after cell selection (e.g., immunoaffinity-based selection) before cell stimulation. In some modalities, the one or more additional steps present in existing methods may include an elution step or steps with a competing reagent or free-binding agent to recover or collect the selected cells and / or steps to remove the reagents used in the selection (e.g., antibodies or magnetic bead reagents). In some modalities, these additional steps may prolong the process of modifying cells for cell therapy and / or may result in cell manipulations during the process that can affect their differentiation status, viability, or cell number.In particular aspects, the methods provided generate selected and stimulated cell populations in a shortened amount of time compared to methods that include separate selection and stimulation steps and require additional steps to detach the cells from the stationary phase and remove the agents used to facilitate detachment. In some aspects, the methods generate an output population of selected and stimulated cells (also referred to as an output composition) suitable for further processing (e.g., genetic modification, expansion, and / or subsequent rounds of incubation, stimulation, and / or selection (e.g., polishing)) within 24 hours of initiating spine stimulation, also referred to herein as spine stimulation. In some modalities, the methods generate an output population of selected and stimulated cells (e.g., output composition) suitable for further processing (e.g., genetic modification, expansion, and / or subsequent rounds of incubation, stimulation, and / or selection (e.g., polishing)) within or approximately 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2 hours of initiating spine stimulation.In some modalities, the methods generate an output population of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing (e.g., genetic modification, expansion, and / or subsequent rounds of incubation, stimulation, and / or selection (e.g., polishing)), within or approximately 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2 hours. In some modalities, the methods generate an output population of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing (e.g., genetic modification, expansion, and / or subsequent rounds of incubation, stimulation, and / or selection (e.g., polishing)), within or approximately 3 to 6 hours.In some modalities, the methods generate an output population of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing (e.g., genetic modification, expansion, and / or subsequent rounds of incubation, stimulation, and / or selection (e.g., polishing)) within approximately 4 to 6 hours. In some modalities, the methods generate an output population of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing (e.g., genetic modification, expansion, and / or subsequent rounds of incubation, stimulation, and / or selection (e.g., polishing)) within approximately 5 to 6 hours. In some modalities, the methods generate an output population of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing (e.g., genetic modification, expansion, and / or subsequent rounds of incubation, stimulation, and / or selection (e.g., polishing)) within approximately 4 to 5 hours.In some modalities, the methods generate an output population of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing (e.g., genetic modification, expansion, and / or subsequent rounds of incubation, stimulation, and / or selection (e.g., polishing)) within or approximately 6 hours. In some modalities, the methods generate an output population of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing (e.g., genetic modification, expansion, and / or subsequent rounds of incubation, stimulation, and / or selection (e.g., polishing)) within or approximately 5.5 hours. In some modalities, the methods generate an output population of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing (e.g., genetic modification, expansion, and / or subsequent rounds of incubation, stimulation, and / or selection (e.g., polishing)) within or approximately 5 hours.In some modalities, the methods generate an output population of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing (e.g., genetic modification, expansion, and / or subsequent rounds of incubation, stimulation, and / or selection (e.g., polishing)) within or approximately 4.5 hours. In some modalities, the methods generate an output population of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing (e.g., genetic modification, expansion, and / or subsequent rounds of incubation, stimulation, and / or selection (e.g., polishing)) within or approximately 4 hours. In some modalities, the methods generate an output population of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing (e.g., genetic modification, expansion, and / or subsequent rounds of incubation, stimulation, and / or selection (e.g., polishing)) within or approximately 3 hours. In some methods, the techniques involve the use of stimulatory agents capable of binding to molecules on the cell surface, thereby delivering a stimulatory signal to the cell. In some methods, the stimulatory agents are comprised in an oligomeric stimulatory reagent (e.g., a streptavidin mutein oligomer conjugated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Fab antibodies) that can be added to the stationary phase. In some methods, the stimulation results in the spontaneous detachment of selected cells from the stationary phase, thus allowing the collection and / or elution of the selected, stimulated cells without additional processing steps to detach the cells from the stationary phase and remove the agents used to facilitate this detachment from the outgoing stimulated cell composition.In some methods, stimulation results in the spontaneous detachment or release of selected cells from the stationary phase, thereby allowing the collection and / or elution of the selected, stimulated cells by gravity flow. In some methods, gravity flow is relied upon to collect or elute the cells that spontaneously detach from the column (e.g., stationary phase). In some methods, a washing step, for example, in combination with gravity flow, may be used to elute the cells that spontaneously detach from the column (e.g., stationary phase). In some methods, the washing step may simply involve adding cell media (e.g., serum-free media) to the column, such as the same medium present in the cell input composition, before adding or immobilizing the cells in the stationary phase.Specifically, the methods successfully generate an uncontaminated composition (e.g., free of agents used for detachment (e.g., competition agents, free-offset agents) and / or selection agents) of selected and stimulated cells suitable for further processing, such as genetic modification, expansion, incubation, or subsequent rounds of stimulation and / or selection (e.g., polishing), within 24 hours of initiating column stimulation. Manufacturing materials and apparatus are also provided. Several methods are available for generating cell populations suitable for cell therapy (e.g., selected (enriched) and stimulated cell populations modified to express recombinant proteins (e.g., chimeric antigen receptors)). However, in some respects, these methods can be time-consuming or relatively time-consuming to generate the cells, at least in part due to the need for multiple processing steps. These multiple processing steps can also result in cell stress, thereby affecting the cells' usability in subsequent processing. Additional methods are needed to generate cell composites. In particular, the methods provided are based on observations that the selection and stimulation of target cells (e.g., CD3+, CD4+, or CD8+ T cells) in a stationary phase of a chromatography column, where the stimulation facilitates a regulated decrease in the molecule used for cell selection (i.e., a selection marker), results in the spontaneous detachment of the cell from the stationary phase. In some embodiments, the stationary phase of the chromatography column is functionalized with an agent (e.g., a selection agent) capable of specifically binding to a molecule (e.g., a selection marker) on a target cell surface.Thus, when a sample comprising target cells containing the selection marker (e.g., CD3, CD4, CD8) is combined with the stationary phase (e.g., by adding the sample to the stationary phase), the target cells (e.g., CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cells) are indirectly immobilized to the stationary phase. Specifically, the target cells (e.g., T cells) are stimulated while immobilized in the stationary phase (e.g., column stimulation), for example, by the addition of stimulating agents, stimulating reagents comprising stimulating agents, and / or by stimulating agents coupled directly or indirectly to the stationary phase. In particular, the stimulating agents include agents that activate or stimulate T cells, such as anti-CD3 / anti-CD28 antibody agents (e.g., Fab).Therefore, in some respects, the methods provided and other modalities are advantageous because they condense multiple processing steps (e.g., selection and stimulation) and / or eliminate processing steps (e.g., steps to remove selection agents and / or reagents used to facilitate detachment) and allow the condensed process to occur within the same vessel and / or closed system, which can provide increased sterility and efficiency. In certain aspects, the devices involve the use of oligomeric stimulatory reagents comprising stimulatory agents capable of delivering a stimulatory signal to a target cell (e.g., a T cell). Example oligomeric reagents include streptavidin mutein oligomers that reversibly bind or conjugate to one or more antibodies or antibody fragments capable of delivering a stimulatory signal to a target cell, e.g., a T cell. In some embodiments, the oligomeric stimulatory reagent is a streptavidin mutein oligomer conjugated to anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 Fab antibodies. Existing reagents are known for use in stimulating T cells in vitro, such as in the absence of exogenous growth factors or in low amounts of exogenous growth factors (see, e.g., U.S. Patent 6,352,694 B1 and European Patent EP 0700430 B1).In general, these reagents can employ beads, for example, magnetic beads, larger than 1 µm in diameter, to which different binding agents (e.g., anti-CD3 antibody and / or anti-CD28 antibody) are immobilized. However, in some cases, these magnetic beads are difficult to integrate into methods for stimulating cells under the conditions required for clinical trials or therapeutic purposes, since it is necessary to ensure that these magnetic beads are substantially or completely removed before administering the modified T cells to a subject. In some respects, this removal, such as when exposing the cells to a magnetic field, can decrease the yield of viable cells available for cell therapy.In certain cases, these reagents, for example, stimulating reagents containing magnetic beads, must be incubated with the cells for a minimum amount of time to allow sufficient detachment of the T cells from the stimulating reagent. Furthermore, reagents such as beads are not readily compatible with column chromatography due to physical limitations. The methods provided, which utilize oligomeric stimulatory reagents (e.g., streptavidin mutein oligomer conjugated to anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies, such as Fab), overcome these potential limitations. For example, in some modalities, the methods provided include the addition of a soluble oligomeric reagent not bound to a solid support (e.g., a bead) to the stationary phase to initiate stimulation. In some modalities, the methods provided may include steps to reduce or minimize the amount of residual oligomeric stimulatory reagent that may be present at the end of a complete cell modification process for cell therapy.In some embodiments, the risk of residual reagent in output cells, for example, modified cells generated or produced by the methods, is reduced or avoided by using the oligomeric reagent, since the addition of a competing reagent or free-binding agent can be used to dissociate (e.g., disrupt the binding) the oligomeric stimulating reagents from the stimulating agents in a cell-containing composition. In some embodiments, it may also be sufficient to reduce or remove the oligomeric stimulating reagent from the cells in a composition by one or more washing steps, without the need to add a competing reagent or free-binding agent, since the oligomeric stimulating reagent is soluble.In some modalities, this also means that a GMP-compliant process can be more easily established compared to other methods, such as those requiring additional measures to ensure the final population for administration is bead-free. Therefore, in some respects, the removal or separation of the oligomeric stimulating reagent from cells, such as by adding a competing or free-binding agent, or by one or more washing steps, results in little or no cell loss compared to the removal or separation of bead-based stimulating reagents. In some respects, the timing of the separation, removal, or reduction of the oligomeric stimulating reagent is not limited, or is less limited, than that of the removal or separation of bead-based stimulating reagents.Therefore, in some respects, the stimulating reagent or oligomeric stimulating reagent can be reduced or separated from the cells at any time or step during the methods provided. Cells and populations prepared by the methods are also provided, including pharmaceutical formulations and populations, as well as kits, systems, and devices for carrying out the methods. Methods for the use of the cells and populations prepared by the methods are also provided, including therapeutic methods, such as methods for adoptive cell therapy, and pharmaceutical populations for administration to subjects. A. Cell samples and preparation In particular embodiments, using a device disclosed herein, methods are provided, not in accordance with the claimed invention, which include selecting and / or enriching cells from a biological sample. In some embodiments, the methods provided include selecting cells or cell populations from biological samples, such as those obtained from or derived from a subject, such as one having a particular disease or condition or in need of cell therapy or to whom cell therapy will be administered. In some aspects, the subject is a human, such as a subject who is a patient in need of a particular therapeutic intervention, such as adoptive cell therapy for which cells are isolated, processed, and / or modified. Accordingly, the cells in some embodiments are primary cells, for example, primary human cells.Samples include tissue, fluid, and other samples taken directly from the subject. A biological sample may be a sample obtained directly from a biological source or a processed sample. Biological samples include, but are not limited to, body fluids such as blood, plasma, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, urine, and sweat, as well as tissue and organ samples, including processed samples derived from them. In some respects, the sample is blood or a blood-derived sample, or is or is derived from an apheresis or leukapheresis product. Example samples include whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), white blood cells, bone marrow, thymus, tissue biopsy, tumor, leukemia, lymphoma, lymph node, gut-associated lymphoid tissue, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, spleen, other lymphoid tissues, liver, lung, stomach, intestine, colon, kidney, pancreas, breast, bone, prostate, cervix, testes, ovaries, tonsil, or other organ and / or cells derived therefrom. Samples include, in the context of cell therapy, for example, adoptive cell therapy, samples from autologous and allogeneic sources. In some examples, cells are obtained from a subject's circulating blood, for example, by apheresis or leukapheresis. The samples, in some respects, contain lymphocytes, including T cells, monocytes, granulocytes, B cells, other nucleated white blood cells, red blood cells, and / or platelets, and in some respects, they contain cells other than red blood cells and platelets. In some modalities, the sample is a sample containing T cells. In some modalities, the sample is a whole blood sample, a buffy coat sample, a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) sample, an unfractionated T cell sample, a lymphocyte sample, a white blood cell sample, an apheresis product, or a leukapheresis product. In some modalities, the sample is an apheresis sample. In some modalities, the sample is a leukapheresis sample. In some methods, the blood cells collected from the subject are washed, for example, to remove the plasma fraction and to place the cells in a buffer or appropriate media for subsequent processing steps. In some methods, the cells are washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). In some methods, the washing solution is devoid of calcium and / or magnesium and / or many or all divalent cations. In some methods, a washing step is achieved in a semi-automated "continuous flow" centrifuge (e.g., the Cobe 2991 cell processor, Baxter) according to the manufacturer's instructions. In some methods, a washing step is achieved by tangential flow filtration (TFF) according to the manufacturer's instructions. In some methods, the cells are resuspended in a variety of biocompatible buffers after washing, such as, for example, Ca2+ / Mg2+-free PBS.In certain methods, components are removed from a blood cell sample and the cells are resuspended directly in culture media. In some modalities, the sample containing cells (e.g., an apheresis product or a leukapheresis product) is washed to remove one or more anticoagulants, such as heparin, added during apheresis or leukapheresis. In some modalities, the sample containing cells (e.g., a whole blood sample, a buffy coat sample, a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) sample, an unfractionated T cell sample, a lymphocyte sample, a white blood cell sample, an apheresis product, or a leukapheresis product) is cryopreserved and / or cryoprotected (e.g., frozen) and then thawed prior to any steps to isolate, select, activate, stimulate, modify, transduce, transfect, incubate, culture, harvest, formulate a population of the cells, and / or administer the formulated cell population to a subject. In certain modalities, an apheresis or leukapheresis product is cryopreserved and / or cryoprotected (e.g., frozen) and then thawed before undergoing a cell isolation or selection step (e.g., a T-cell selection or isolation step) as described below. In some modalities, the thawed cell composition is diluted (e.g., with a serum-free medium) and / or washed (e.g., with a serum-free medium), which in some cases may remove or reduce unwanted or undesirable components. In some cases, dilution and / or washing removes or reduces the presence of a cryoprotectant, e.g., DMSO, contained in the thawed sample, which may otherwise adversely affect cell viability, yield, and recovery after prolonged exposure to room temperature.In some modalities, dilution and / or washing allows the exchange of media from a thawed cryopreserved product into a serum-free medium, such as one described in PCT / US2018 / 064627. In some formulations, the serum-free medium comprises a basal medium (e.g., OpTmizer™ T-cell expansion basal medium (ThermoFisher)), supplemented with one or more additional components. In some formulations, the one or more additional components are serum-free. In some formulations, the serum-free medium comprises a basal medium supplemented with one or more additional components for the maintenance, expansion, and / or activation of a cell (e.g., a T cell), as provided by an additional component (e.g., OpTmizer™ T-cell expansion component (ThermoFisher)). In some formulations, the serum-free medium further comprises a serum replacement component, e.g., an immune cell serum replacement, e.g., ThermoFisher, #A2596101, the CTS™ immune cell serum replacement, or the immune cell serum replacement described in Smith et al. Clin Transl Immunology. 2015 Jan; 4 (1): e31. In some embodiments, the serum-free medium further comprises a free form of an amino acid such as L-glutamine. In some embodiments, the serum-free medium further comprises a dipeptide form of L-glutamine (e.g., L-alanyl-L-glutamine), such as the dipeptide in GlutamaxMR (ThermoFisher). In some embodiments, the serum-free medium further comprises one or more recombinant cytokines, such as recombinant human IL-2, recombinant human IL-7, and / or recombinant human IL-15. In some modalities, after a cryopreserved and / or cryoprotected apheresis or leukapheresis product undergoes a T-cell selection or isolation step, no further cryopreservation and / or cryoprotection steps are performed during or between any of the subsequent steps, such as those for activating, stimulating, modifying, transducing, transfecting, incubating, culturing, harvesting, formulating a cell population, and / or administering the formulated cell population to a subject. For example, selected T cells from a thawed cryopreserved and / or cryoprotected apheresis or leukapheresis product are not re-cryopreserved and / or cryoprotected before thawing for a subsequent process, such as transduction. In certain procedures, the cryopreserved and / or cryoprotected apheresis or leukapheresis product is stacked (e.g., without cell selection before freezing the sample), which, in some respects, can allow for greater flexibility in subsequent manufacturing steps. On one hand, stacking cells before selection increases cell yields for downstream processing, and stacked cells earlier may be healthier and therefore easier to meet manufacturing success criteria. On the other hand, once thawed, the cryopreserved and / or cryoprotected apheresis or leukapheresis product can be subjected to one or more different selection methods.The advantages of this approach include, among other things, improving the availability, efficacy and / or other aspects of cells in a cell therapy for the treatment of a disease or condition in a subject, such as the sample donor and / or another recipient. In some modalities, the sample (e.g., apheresis or leukapheresis sample) is collected and cryopreserved and / or cryoprotected before or without prior cell selection (e.g., without prior T-cell selection, such as chromatographic selection), at a time after the donor is diagnosed with a disease or condition. In some cases, the cryopreservation period also extends to before the donor has received one or more of the following: any initial treatment for the disease or condition, any targeted therapy or any treatment labeled as treatment for the disease or condition, or any treatment other than radiation and / or chemotherapy. In some modalities, the sample is collected after a first relapse of a disease following initial treatment for the disease, and before the donor or recipient receives any further treatment for the disease.Initial and / or subsequent treatments may be different from cell therapy. In some modalities, the collected cells can be used in cell therapy after initial and / or subsequent treatments. In one respect, cryopreserved and / or cryoprotected samples without prior cell selection can help reduce initial costs, such as those associated with untreated patients in a randomized clinical trial who may outgrow and require treatment later. In some modalities, the sample (e.g., apheresis or leukapheresis sample) is collected and cryopreserved and / or cryoprotected before or without prior cell selection (e.g., without prior T-cell selection, such as chromatographic selection), at a time after a second relapse of a disease following a second line of treatment for the disease, and before the donor or subject receives further treatment for the disease. In some modalities, patients are identified as likely to relapse after a second line of treatment, for example, by assessing certain risk factors. In some modalities, the risk factors are based on disease type and / or genetics, such as double-hit lymphoma, primary refractory cancer, or activated B-cell lymphoma.In some modalities, risk factors are based on clinical presentation, such as early relapse after first-line treatment or other poor prognostic indicators after treatment (e.g., IPI (International Prognostic Index) > 2). In some modalities, the sample (e.g., apheresis or leukapheresis sample) is collected and cryopreserved and / or cryoprotected before or without prior cell selection (e.g., without prior T-cell selection, such as chromatographic selection), at a time before the donor or subject is diagnosed with a disease. In some cases, the donor or subject may be determined to be at risk of developing a disease. In others, the donor or subject may be healthy. In certain cases, the donor or subject may choose to stack or store cells without being considered at risk of developing a disease or being diagnosed with a disease, in case cell therapy is required later in life.In some modalities, a donor or recipient may be considered at risk of developing a disease based on factors such as genetic mutations, genetic abnormalities, genetic disruptions, family history, protein abnormalities (such as deficiencies in protein production and / or processing), and lifestyle choices that may increase the risk of developing a disease. In some modalities, cells are collected as a prophylactic measure. In some modalities, the cryopreserved and / or cryoprotected cell sample (e.g., apheresis or leukapheresis sample), such as a cell sample that has not undergone prior cell selection (e.g., without prior T-cell selection, such as chromatographic selection), is stored or stacked for a period of 12, 24, 36, or 48 hours or more. In some modalities, the sample is stored or stacked for a period of 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks or more. In some modalities, the sample is placed in long-term storage or long-term stacking.In some aspects, the sample is stored for a period of time greater than or equal to 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 6 years, 7 years, 8 years, 9 years, 10 years, 11 years, 12 years, 13 years, 14 years, 15 years, 16 years, 17 years, 18 years, 19 years, 20 years, 25 years, 30 years, 35 years, 40 years or more. In some modalities, an apheresis or leukapheresis sample taken from a donor is shipped in a cooled environment to a storage or processing facility, and / or cryogenically stored in the storage facility or processed in the processing facility. In some modalities, the sample is processed before shipment, for example, by selecting T cells, such as CD4+ and / or CD8+ T cells. In some modalities, this processing is performed after shipment and before cryogenic storage of the sample. In some modalities, processing is performed after thawing the sample following cryogenic storage. By allowing donors to store their cells at a stage when the donors, and therefore their cells, have not undergone extensive treatment for a disease and / or before contracting a disease or condition or receiving a diagnosis thereof, these cells may have certain advantages for use in cell therapy compared to cells harvested after one or multiple rounds of treatment. For example, cells harvested before one or more rounds of treatment may be healthier, exhibit higher levels of certain cellular activities, grow more rapidly, and / or be more receptive to genetic manipulation than cells that have undergone several rounds of treatment. Another example of an advantage under the modalities described herein may include convenience.For example, by collecting, optionally processing, and storing a donor's cells before they are needed for cell therapy, the cells would be readily available if and when a recipient needs them later. This could increase the apheresis laboratory's capacity, giving technicians greater flexibility in scheduling the apheresis collection process. Example methods and systems for cryogenic storage and processing of cells from a sample, such as an apheresis sample, may include those described in International Published Application No. WO2018170188. In some modalities, the method and systems involve collecting apheresis before the patient requires cell therapy and then subjecting the apheresis sample to cryopreservation for later use in a process to modify the cells, for example, T cells, with a recombinant receptor (e.g., CAR). In some cases, these processes may include those described herein. In some modalities, an apheresis sample is collected from a subject and cryopreserved prior to selection, activation, stimulation, modification, transduction, transfection, incubation, culture, harvesting, T cell formulation, and / or administration of the formulated cell population to a subject.In these examples, the cryopreserved apheresis sample is thawed before subjecting the sample to one or more selection steps, such as any as described herein. In some embodiments, the cryopreserved and / or cryoprotected cell sample (e.g., apheresis or leukapheresis sample), such as a cell sample that has not undergone prior cell selection (e.g., without prior T cell selection, such as chromatographic selection), is thawed before use in downstream processes for the fabrication of a cell population for cell therapy, e.g., a T cell population containing CAR+ T cells. In some embodiments, this cryopreserved and / or cryoprotected cell sample (e.g., apheresis or leukapheresis sample) is used in connection with the process provided herein to modify a T cell therapy, such as a CAR+ T cell therapy. In particular examples, no additional cryopreservation step is performed before or during the harvesting / formulation steps. B. Reagent and agent systems In various embodiments, using a device disclosed herein, methods not in accordance with the claimed invention are provided herein, including selecting and / or enriching cells (e.g., T cells) from a biological sample using an agent that binds to cell surface markers on cells present in a biological sample (selection agent). In the provided embodiments, the biological sample is any sample as described in Section II.A. In some embodiments, the biological sample is a sample containing T cells. In the provided embodiments, the selection agent is bound to or immobilized on a chromatography array (e.g., stationary phase) contained in a chromatography column of a device provided herein, and effects the specific selection of target cells (e.g., T cells) of interest, as described in Section II.C, thereby immobilizing the target cells (e.g., T cells) to the chromatography matrix (e.g., stationary phase). In some embodiments, the selection agent is capable of being indirectly bound to the chromatography matrix (e.g., stationary phase) via a reagent, e.g., a selection reagent. In some embodiments, the selection reagent is covalently or non-covalently bound to the stationary phase of the column. In some embodiments, the selection reagent is a reagent that reversibly immobilizes the selection agent to the chromatography matrix (e.g., stationary phase). Example selection reagents to which a selection agent is bound for use in connection with the provided devices and methods are described in section II.B.2. In some embodiments, the selection reagent to which the selection agent binds provides a reversible system in which the selection agent reversibly associates with the reagent. Example reversible systems for cell selection by chromatography include those described in WO2013 / 124474. In some embodiments, as further described herein, the reversible system employs a reagent composed of streptavidin mutein molecules that reversibly bind to the selection agent via a streptavidin-binding peptide partner contained within the selection agent. In some embodiments, the addition of a free-binding partner or competition agent (also called a competition substance) disrupts the binding between the selection agent and the reagent, thereby reversing the binding of the selection agent to the reagent and releasing immobilized cells free from the selection reagent.For example, in the case of a streptavidin-binding peptide / streptavidin mutein system, an example competing agent is biotin or a biotin analogue (e.g., D-biotin). In some embodiments, reversibility of the binding of the selection agent to the chromatography matrix is ​​not required, since column stimulation of cells immobilized on the chromatography matrix, as provided herein, facilitates the controlled depletion of the molecule used for cell selection (i.e., selection marker), resulting in the spontaneous release or detachment of the cell from the stationary phase. Therefore, cell release or detachment can occur without any additional steps or reagents. In some embodiments, the cells can be collected by gravity flow, such as by adding a medium or other solution to the chromatography column. In particular embodiments, the added medium or other solution does not contain a competition agent or free-binding agent to facilitate cell detachment from the stationary phase.For example, in the case of a streptavidin-binding peptide / streptavidin-mutein system, cell release or detachment may occur spontaneously so that the cells can be collected by gravity flow after adding a wash or medium to the column in which the wash solution or medium does not contain a free binding partner or competing agent, such as biotin or a biotin analogue (e.g., D-biotin). In embodiments using a device disclosed herein, methods not in accordance with the claimed invention are provided herein, including column stimulation of cells (e.g., T cells) immobilized in the chromatography column, such as by the selection agent or selection reagent. In the provided embodiments, the stimulation is carried out using one or more agents to stimulate the cells to bind to one or more receptor molecules on the cell to deliver a signal to the cells (one or more stimulatory agents). In some embodiments, the one or more stimulatory agents are for stimulating T cells and provide a primary signal to the T cells (e.g., by TCR complex signaling) and a co-stimulatory signal to the T cells (e.g., by signaling from a co-stimulatory receptor).In some embodiments, the selection agent and at least one of the one or more stimulating agents are different. In some embodiments, the selection agent and each of the one or more stimulating agents are different. In some embodiments, an agent may be used as both a selection agent and one of the one or more stimulating agents in relation to the methods provided. In some embodiments, the one or more stimulating agents are bound to a reagent that delivers the stimulatory signal to the cells (e.g., stimulating reagent). In some embodiments, the reagent contains a plurality of binding sites to bind each of the one or more stimulating agents so that the stimulating agents are multimeric on the agent. In particular embodiments, this stimulating reagent is an oligomeric or polymeric reagent composed of multiple individual molecules, such as multiple protein complexes or units (e.g., tetramers).Example stimulating reagents to which one or more stimulating agents, including oligomeric stimulating reagents, are attached for use in connection with the devices and methods provided are described in section II.B.2. In particular embodiments, the stimulating reagent is added to the chromatography column containing the immobilized cells under conditions suitable for delivering a signal to the cells. For example, stimulation in the column is carried out at appropriate temperatures as described herein by heating the device as described and provided herein to a physiological temperature appropriate for enabling cell signaling events in the cells, such as a temperature of or approximately between 30°C and approximately 39°C, for example, or approximately 37°C ± 2°C. In some embodiments, the stimulating reagent to which one or more stimulating agents bind provides a reversible system in which the one or more stimulating agents reversibly associate with the reagent. Example reversible systems for cell stimulation include those described in WO2015 / 158868, WO2017068421, or WO2018 / 197949. In some embodiments, the reversible system employs a reagent composed of oligomers or polymers of a streptavidin mutein that reversibly bind to one or more stimulating agents via a streptavidin-binding peptide partner contained within the one or more stimulating agents.In some formulations, the addition of a free-binding partner or competing agent (also called a competition substance) disrupts the binding between one or more stimulating agents and the reagent, thereby reversing the binding of the stimulating agents to the reagent and terminating or interrupting the stimulatory signal delivered by the stimulating agents to the stimulating reagent. For example, in the case of a streptavidin-binding peptide / streptavidin mutein system, an example of a competing agent is biotin or a biotin analogue (e.g., D-biotin). In particular aspects, using a device disclosed herein, methods not in accordance with the claimed invention are provided herein employing reversible systems in which at least one agent (e.g., a selection agent or stimulating agent) capable of binding to a molecule on the surface of a cell (cell surface molecule) is reversibly associated with a reagent (e.g., a selection reagent or stimulating reagent). In some cases, the reagent contains a plurality of binding sites capable of reversibly binding to the agent (e.g., a selection agent or stimulating agent). In some cases, the reagent (e.g., a selection reagent or stimulating reagent) is a multimerization reagent.In some embodiments, the at least one agent (e.g., a selection agent or stimulating agent) contains at least one binding site B that can bind specifically to an epitope or region of the molecule and also contains a binding partner C that binds specifically to at least one binding site Z of the reagent (e.g., selection reagent or stimulating reagent). In some cases, the binding interaction between the binding partner C and the at least one binding site Z is a non-covalent interaction. In some embodiments, the binding interaction, such as a non-covalent interaction, between the binding partner C and the at least one binding site Z is reversible. In some embodiments, reversible association can be mediated by the presence of a substance, such as a competing agent or free-binding agent, that is or contains a binding site also capable of binding to at least one binding site Z. Generally, the substance (e.g., competing agent or free-binding agent) can act as a competitor due to a higher binding affinity for the binding site Z present in the reagent and / or because it is present at higher concentrations than the binding partner C, thereby detaching and / or dissociating the binding partner C from the reagent. In some embodiments, the affinity of the substance (e.g., competing agent or free-binding agent) for at least one binding site Z is greater than the affinity of the agent's binding partner C (e.g., a selecting agent or stimulating agent) for at least one binding site Z.Therefore, in some cases, the bond between the Z binding site of the reagent and the C binding partner of the agent (e.g., a selection agent or stimulating agent) can be interrupted by the addition of the substance (e.g., a competition agent or free binding partner), thereby making the association of the agent (e.g., a selection agent or stimulating agent) and reagent (e.g., a selection reagent or stimulating reagent) reversible. The reagents that can be used in these reversible systems are described and known in the art; see, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 5,168,049; 5,506,121; 6,103,493; 7,776,562; 7,981,632; 8,298,782; 8,735,540; 9,023,604; and International Published PCT Application Nos. WO2013 / 124474 and WO2014 / 076277. Non-limiting examples of reagents and bonding partners capable of forming a reversible interaction, as well as substances (e.g., competing reagents or free-bonding reagents) capable of reversing this bonding, are described below. 1. Agents In some embodiments, the agent (e.g., a selection agent or stimulating agent) has one or more binding sites, B, for binding to the molecule on the cell surface, e.g., a cell surface molecule. Therefore, in some cases, the agent (e.g., a selection agent or stimulating agent) contains one B binding site or a plurality of B binding sites, where the specific binding between the agent (e.g., a selection agent or stimulating agent) and the molecule on the surface of the target cells involves an interaction between B and the molecule. In some embodiments, the agent contains only a single binding site; that is, it is monovalent. In some embodiments, the agent (e.g., a selection agent or stimulating agent) has at least two, such as a plurality of B binding sites, including three, four, or five B binding sites capable of binding to the cell surface molecule.In some of these aspects, the at least two or plurality of B binding sites may be identical. In some modalities, one or more of the at least two or plurality of B binding sites may be different (e.g., B1 and B2). In some embodiments, one or more different agents (e.g., a selection agent, a stimulating agent, or another agent that binds to a molecule in a cell) reversibly bind to the reagent (e.g., a selection reagent or a stimulating reagent). In some embodiments, at least two, three, four, or more different agents (e.g., selection agents or stimulating agents) reversibly bind to the same reagent. In some embodiments, at least two different agents (e.g., selection agents or stimulating agents) reversibly bind to the same reagent, whereby each agent comprises a B-binding site or a plurality of B-binding sites for the specific binding between the agent and the molecule.In some embodiments, at least two or more agents (e.g., a selection agent or stimulating agents) contain the same B binding site, for example, for binding the same or substantially the same molecule. In some embodiments, at least two or more agents (e.g., selection agents or stimulating agents) contain different B binding sites, for example, for binding to different molecules. In some embodiments, a first agent (e.g., a first selection agent or first stimulating agent) contains a B1, B2, B3, B4, etc. binding site, and a second agent (e.g., a second selection agent or second stimulating agent) contains another B1, B2, B3, B4, etc. binding site. In some embodiments, a first agent (e.g., a first selection agent) contains a B1 binding site, and a second agent (e.g., a second selection agent) contains a B3 binding site.In some modalities, a first agent (e.g., a first stimulating agent) contains a B2 binding site, and a second agent (e.g., a second stimulating agent) contains a B4 binding site. In either of these modalities, the first and second agents may contain a binding partner, C1 or C2. In some modalities, C1 and C2 may be the same. In some modalities, C1 and C2 are different. In some modalities, the first and second agents contain the same binding partner, C1. In some cases, the dissociation constant (KD) of the binding between the agent (e.g., via binding site B) and the reagent's binding site Z may have a value in the range of approximately 10⁻² M to approximately 10⁻¹³ M, or from approximately 10⁻³ M to approximately 10⁻¹² M, or from approximately 10⁻⁴ M to approximately 10⁻¹¹ M, or from approximately 10⁻⁵ M to approximately 10⁻¹⁰ M. In some embodiments, the dissociation constant (KD) for the binding between the bonding agent and the molecule is of low affinity, for example, in the range of approximately 10³ to approximately 10⁷ M. In some embodiments, the dissociation constant (KD) for the binding between the bonding agent and the molecule is of high affinity, for example, in the range of approximately 10⁷ to approximately 1 × 10¹⁰ M. In some formulations, the dissociation of the agent from the binding site B and the molecule occurs rapidly enough, for example, to allow the target cell to stain or associate only transiently with the agent after the reversible bond between the reagent and the agent is broken. In some cases, when expressed in terms of the koff rate (also called the dissociation rate constant for the binding between the agent (via the binding site B) and the molecule), the koff rate is approximately 0.5 × 10⁴ s⁻¹ or greater, approximately 1 × 10⁴ s⁻¹ or greater, approximately 2 × 10⁴ s⁻¹ or greater, approximately 3 × 10⁴ s⁻¹ or greater, approximately 4 × 10⁴ s⁻¹ or greater, approximately 5 × 10⁴ s⁻¹ or greater, approximately 1 × 10³ s⁻¹ or greater, or approximately 1.5 × 10³ sec¹ or greater, approximately 2 × 10³ sec¹ or greater, approximately 3 × 10³ sec¹ or greater, approximately 4 × 10³ sec¹, approximately 5 × 10³ sec¹ or greater, approximately 1 × 10² sec¹ or greater, or approximately 5 × 10¹ sec¹ or greater. It is within the level of expertise in the art to empirically determine the appropriate Koff rate range for a particular cell-molecule-agent interaction (see, for example, U.S. Published Application No. US2014 / 0295458). For example, an agent with a fairly high Koff rate of, say, greater than 4.0 × 10⁴ sec¹ may be used such that, after disruption of the binding complexes, most of the agent can be removed or dissociated within one hour. In other cases, an agent with a lower koff rate of, for example, 1, can be used.0×104 sec1, such that after the disruption of the binding complexes, most of the agent can be removed or dissociated from the cell within approximately 3.5 hours. In some modalities, the KD of this bond, as well as the KD, koff and kon rates of the bond formed between the binding site B of the agent (e.g., selection agent or stimulating agent) and the cell surface molecule, can be determined by any suitable means, e.g., by fluorescence titration, equilibrium dialysis, or surface plasmon resonance. In some respects, a cell surface molecule is a molecule against which an agent (e.g., a selection agent or a stimulating agent) can be directed. In some forms, the cell surface molecule is a peptide or a protein, such as a receptor, for example, a membrane receptor protein. In some forms, the receptor is a lipid, a polysaccharide, or a nucleic acid. In some forms, a cell surface molecule that is a protein can be a peripheral membrane protein or an integral membrane protein. In some forms, the cell surface molecule can have one or more membrane-spanning domains. As some illustrative examples, a membrane protein with a transmembrane domain can be a G protein-coupled receptor, such as an odorant receptor, a rhodopsin receptor, a rhodopsin pheromone receptor, a peptide hormone receptor, a taste receptor, or a GABA receptor.an opiate receptor, a serotonin receptor, a Ca2+ receptor, melanopsin, a neurotransmitter receptor, such as a ligand-activated, voltage-gated, or mechanically-activated receptor, including acetylcholine, the nicotinic receptor, the adrenergic receptor, the norepinephrine receptor, catecholamines, the L-DOPA receptor, a dopamine receptor, and a serotonin neuropeptide (biogenic amine, endorphin / enkephalin), a receptor kinase such as serine / threonine kinase, a tyrosine kinase, a porin / channel such as a chloride channel, a potassium channel, a sodium channel, an OMP protein, an ABC transporter (ATP-ion cassette transporter) as an amino acid transporter, the Na-glucose transporter, the Na / iodide transporter, an ion transporter such as Light Harvesting Complex, cytochrome c oxidase, ATPase Na / K, H / K, Ca, a cell adhesion receptor such as a metalloproteinase, an integrin, or a catherin. In some cases, the cell surface molecule can be an antigen that defines a desired cell population or subpopulation, for example, a population or subpopulation of blood cells, such as lymphocytes (e.g., T cells, helper T cells, e.g., CD4+ helper T cells, B cells, or natural killer cells), monocytes, or stem cells, such as CD34-positive peripheral stem cells or stem cells expressing Nanog or Oct-4. Examples of T cells include cells such as CMV-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes, cytotoxic T cells, memory T cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). An illustrative example of a Treg is CD4 CD25 CD45RA Treg, and an illustrative example of a memory T cell is CD62L CD8+-specific central memory T cells. The cell surface molecule can also be a marker for a tumor cell. As described above, in some embodiments, the agent (e.g., selection agent or stimulating agent) has, in addition to the binding site B that is capable of binding to the cell surface molecule, a binding partner C. In some aspects, this binding partner C is capable of binding to a binding site Z of the reagent (e.g., selection reagent or stimulating reagent (e.g., oligomeric stimulating reagent)) where the reagent has one or more binding sites for the binding partner C.In some embodiments, the non-covalent bond that can form between the binding partner C included in the agent (e.g., a selection agent or stimulating agent) and the Z binding site(s) of the reagent (e.g., a selection reagent or stimulating reagent (e.g., an oligomeric stimulating reagent)) can be of any desired strength and affinity, and can be interruptible or reversible under the conditions under which the method is performed. The agent (e.g., a receptor-binding agent or selection agent) can include at least one, including two, three, or more, additional binding partners C, and the reagent (e.g., a selection reagent or stimulating reagent (e.g., an oligomeric stimulating reagent)) can include at least two, such as three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or more Z binding sites for the binding partner C included in the agent (e.g., a selection agent or stimulating agent).As described in U.S. Patent 7,776,562, U.S. Patent 8,298,782 or International Patent Application WO 2002 / 054065, any combination of a bonding partner C and a reagent with one or more corresponding binding sites Z can be chosen, for example, such that the bonding partner C and the binding site Z are able to reversibly bond into a complex, such as to cause an avidity effect. The bonding partner C included in the agent (e.g., a selecting agent or stimulating agent) may, for example, be hydrocarbon-based (including polymeric) and include nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, carbene, halogen, or pseudohalogen groups. In some respects, it may be an alcohol, an organic acid, an inorganic acid, an amine, a phosphine, a thiol, a disulfide, an alkane, an amino acid, a peptide, an oligopeptide, a polypeptide, a protein, a nucleic acid, a lipid, a saccharide, an oligosaccharide, or a polysaccharide. As additional examples, it may also be a cation, an anion, a polycation, a polyanion, an electrolyte, a polyelectrolyte, a carbon nanotube, or a carbon nanofoam. In general, this bonding partner C has a higher affinity for the reagent's binding site than other materials.Examples of a respective C-binding partner include, but are not limited to, a crown ether, an immunoglobulin, a fragment thereof, and a proteinaceous binding molecule with antibody-like functions. In some formulations, the binding partner C included in the agent (e.g., selection agent or stimulating agent) includes biotin, and the reagent includes a streptavidin analog or an avidin analog that binds reversibly to biotin. In some formulations, the binding partner C included in the agent (e.g., selection agent or stimulating agent) includes a biotin analog that binds reversibly to streptavidin or avidin, and the reagent includes streptavidin, avidin, a streptavidin analog, or an avidin analog that binds reversibly to the respective biotin analog.In some embodiments, the binding partner C included in the agent (e.g., selection agent or stimulating agent) includes an avidin- or streptavidin-binding peptide, and the reagent includes streptavidin, avidin, a streptavidin analog, or an avidin analog that binds reversibly to the respective streptavidin-binding peptide or avidin. For purposes herein, the term analog is used interchangeably with the term mutein with reference to a mutant form of a streptavidin (e.g., streptavidin analog or streptavidin mutein) or an avidin (e.g., avidin analog or avidin mutein). In some modalities, the reagent (e.g., selection reagent or stimulating reagent) is or contains a streptavidin, such as a streptavidin mutein including any described above (e.g., as set out in SEQ ID NO: 3-6), and the C-binding partner included in the agent (e.g., selection agent or stimulating agent) may include a streptavidin-binding peptide. In some embodiments, the streptavidin-binding peptide may include a sequence with the general formula set out in SEQ ID NO: 9, as contained in the sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 10. In some embodiments, the streptavidin-binding peptide sequence has the general formula set out in SEQ ID NO: 11, as set out in SEQ ID NO: 12. In one example, the streptavidin-binding peptide sequence is Trp-Arg-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Gly-Gly (also called Strep-tagMR, set out in SEQ ID NO: 7).In one example, the streptavidin-binding peptide sequence is TrpSer-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (also called Strep-tagMR II, exposed in SEQ ID NO: 8). In some embodiments, the streptavidin-binding peptide ligand contains a sequential arrangement of at least two streptavidin-binding modules, wherein the distance between the two modules is at least 0 and no more than 50 amino acids, wherein one binding module has 3 to 8 amino acids and contains at least the sequence His-Pro-Xaa (SEQ ID NO: 9), where Xaa is glutamine, asparagine, or methionine, and wherein the other binding module has the same or a different streptavidin peptide ligand, as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11 (see, for example, International Published PCT Application No. WO02 / 077018; U.S. Patent No. 7,981,632). In some embodiments, the streptavidin-binding peptide ligand contains a sequence having the formula set forth in either SEQ ID NO: 13 or 14.In some formulations, the streptavidin-binding peptide ligand has the amino acid sequence shown in either SEQ ID NO: 15-19. In most cases, all of these streptavidin-binding peptides bind to the same binding site, specifically, the biotin-binding site of streptavidin. If one or more of these streptavidin-binding peptides are used as C-binding partners, for example, C1 and C2, the multimerization reagent is usually a streptavidin mutein. In some embodiments, the streptavidin-binding peptide may be further modified. In some embodiments, the streptavidin-binding peptide may include the peptide sequence Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (also called Strep-tagMR II, discussed in SEQ ID NO: 8) conjugated to a nickel-loaded trisNTA (also called His-STREPPER or His / Strep-tagMRII adapter). In some embodiments, the binding partner C of the agent (e.g., receptor-binding agent or selection agent) includes a portion known to the practitioner as an affinity tag. In this embodiment, the reagent may include a corresponding binding partner, e.g., an antibody or antibody fragment, known to bind to the affinity tag. As some illustrative examples of known affinity tags, the C-binding partner included in the agent (e.g., selection agent or stimulating agent) may include dinitrophenol or digoxigenin, oligohistidine, polyhistidine, an immunoglobulin domain, maltose-binding protein, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), chitin-binding protein (CBP) or thioredoxin, calmodulin-binding peptide (CBP), FLAG' peptide, the HA tag (sequence: Tyr-Pro-Tyr-Asp-Val-Pro-Asp-Tyr-Ala) (SEQ ID NO: 20),the VSV-G tag (sequence: Tyr-Thr-Asp-Ile-Glu-Met-Asn-Arg-Leu-Gly-Lys) (SEQ ID NO: 21), the HSV tag (sequence: Gln-Pro-Glu-Leu-Ala-Pro-Glu-Asp-Pro-Glu-Asp) (SEQ ID NO: 22), the T7 epitope (Ala-Ser-Met-Thr-Gly-Gly-Gln-Gln-Met-Gly) (SEQ ID NO: 23), maltose-binding protein (MBP), the HSV epitope of the sequence Gln-Pro-Glu-Leu-Ala-Pro-Glu-Asp-Pro-Glu-Asp (SEQ ID NO: 24) of the herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D, the epitope "myc" of the c-myc transcription factor with the sequence Glu-Gln-Lys-Leu-Ile-Ser-Glu-Glu-Asp-Leu (SEQ ID NO: 25), the V5 tag (sequence: Gly-Lys-Pro-Ile-Pro-Asn-Pro-Leu-Leu-Gly-Leu-Asp-Ser-Thr) (SEQ ID NO: 26), or glutathione-S-transferase (GST). In these modalities, the complex formed between one or more Z-binding sites of the reagent, which may be an antibody or antibody fragment, and the antigen can be competitively disrupted by the addition of the free antigen, i.e.the free peptide (epitope tag) or the free protein (such as MBP or CBP). In some formulations, the affinity tag can also be an oligonucleotide tag. In some cases, this oligonucleotide tag can, for example, be used to hybridize with an oligonucleotide with a complementary sequence, linked to or included in the reagent. Additional examples of a suitable C-binding partner include, but are not limited to, a lectin, protein A, protein G, a metal, a metal ion, triacetic nitrile acid (NT A) derivatives, RGD motifs, a dextran, polyethyleneimine (PEI), a redox polymer, glycoproteins, aptamers, a dye, amylose, maltose, cellulose, chitin, glutathione, calmodulin, gelatin, polymyxin, heparin, NAD, NADP, lysine, arginine, benzamidine, poly-U, or oligo-dT. Lectins such as concavalin A are known to bind to polysaccharides and glycosylated proteins. An illustrative example of a dye is a triazine dye such as Cibacron Blue F3G-A (CB) or HE-3B Red, which bind specifically to NADH-dependent enzymes. Typically, Green A binds to CoA proteins, human serum albumin, and dehydrogenases. In some cases, the dyes 7-aminoactinomycin D and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole bind to DNA.In general, metal cations such as Ni, Cd, Zn, Co, or Cu are commonly used to bind to affinity tags such as an oligohistidine-containing sequence, including hexahistidine or the His-Asn-His-Arg-His-Lys-His-Gly-Gly-Gly-Cys tag (MAT tag) (SEQ ID NO: 35), and N-methacryloyl-(L)-cysteine ​​methyl ester. In some embodiments, the bond between the binding partner C included in the agent (e.g., a selection agent or stimulating agent) and one or more binding sites Z of the reagent occurs in the presence of a divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cation. In this regard, in some embodiments, the reagent includes a divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cation, typically maintained, for example, in a complex, by means of a suitable chelating agent. In some embodiments, the binding partner C included in the agent (e.g., a selection agent or stimulating agent) may include a portion that contains, for example, a complex, a divalent, trivalent, or tetravalent cation.Examples of a respective metal chelating agent include, but are not limited to, ethylenediamine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)glycine (also called nitrilotriacetic acid, NTA), 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA), 2,3-dimer-capto-1-propanol (dimercaprol), porphine, and heme. As an example, EDTA forms a complex with most monovalent, divalent, trivalent, and tetravalent metal ions, such as, for example, silver (Ag+), calcium (Ca2+), manganese (Mn2+), copper (Cu2+), iron (Fe2+), cobalt (Co+), and zirconium (Zr4+), whereas BAPTA is specific for Ca2+.As an illustrative example, a standard method used in the technique is the formation of a complex between an oligohistidine tag and copper (Cu2+), nickel (Ni2+), cobalt (Co2+) or zinc (Zn2+) ions, which are presented by means of chelating nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). In some embodiments, the binding partner C included in the agent (e.g., selection agent or stimulating agent) includes a calmodulin-binding peptide, and the reagent includes multimeric calmodulin, as described, for example, in U.S. Patent 5,985,658. In some embodiments, the binding partner C included in the agent (e.g., selection agent or stimulating agent) includes a FLAG peptide, and the reagent includes an antibody that binds to the FLAG peptide, for example, the FLAG peptide that binds to the 4E11 monoclonal antibody, as described in U.S. Patent 4,851,341. In one embodiment, the binding partner C included in the agent (e.g., selection agent or stimulating agent) includes an oligohistidine tag, and the reagent includes an antibody or a transition metal ion that binds to the oligohistidine tag.In some cases, disruption of all these binding complexes can be achieved by chelation of metal ions, for example, calcium chelation, for example, by adding EDTA or EGTA. In some formulations, calmodulin, antibodies such as 4E11, or chelated metal ions or free chelating agents can be multimerized by conventional methods, for example, by biotinylation and complexation with streptavidin or avidin or oligomers thereof, or by the introduction of carboxyl residues into a polysaccharide, for example, dextran, essentially as described in Noguchi, A, et al. Bioconjugate Chemistr y (1992) 3, 132-137 in a first step and linking calmodulin or antibodies or chelated metal ions or free chelating agents by means of primary amino groups to the carboxyl groups in the polysaccharide, e.g., dextran, structure using conventional carbodiimide chemistry in a second step.In some of these formulations, the bond between the C-bonding partner included in the agent (e.g., a selection agent or stimulating agent) and one or more Z-binding sites of the reagent can be disrupted by metal ion chelation. Metal chelation can be achieved, for example, by the addition of EGTA or EDTA. In some embodiments, the agent (e.g., a selection agent or stimulating agent), which binds specifically to the cell surface molecule, may be, for example, an antibody, an antibody fragment, or a protein binding molecule with antibody-like functions. In some embodiments, the agent's binding site B is an antibody-combining site, such as or containing one or more complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of an antibody. Examples of (recombinant) antibody fragments include, but are not limited to, Fab fragments, Fv fragments, single-chain Fv fragments (scFv), a divalent antibody fragment such as a (Fab) 2' fragment, diabodies, tribodies (Iliades, P., et al, FEB S Lett (1997) 409, 437-441), decabodies (Stone, E., et al, Journal of Immunological Methods (2007) 318, 88-94) and other domain antibodies (Holt, LJ, et al, Trends Biotechnol. (2003), 21, 11, 484-490).In some embodiments, the agent (e.g., receptor-binding agent or selection agent) may comprise a bivalent artificial proteinaceous binding molecule such as a dimeric lipocalin mutein that is also known as "duocalin". In some formulations, the agent (e.g., a selection agent or stimulating agent) may have a single B binding site; that is, it may be monovalent. Examples of monovalent agents (e.g., a selection agent or stimulating agent) include, but are not limited to, a monovalent antibody fragment, a proteinaceous binding molecule with antibody-like binding properties, or an MHC molecule. Examples of monovalent antibody fragments include, but are not limited to, a Fab fragment, an Fv fragment, and a single-chain Fv fragment (scFv), including a divalent single-chain Fv fragment. In some embodiments, the agent (e.g., selection agent or stimulating agent) is an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, such as Fab fragments, Fv fragments, single-chain Fv fragments (scFv), or a divalent antibody fragment such as an F(ab)2 fragment. In some embodiments, the agent (e.g., selection agent or stimulating agent) is or is derived from a parental antibody known to bind to a cell-surface molecule of interest. Different antibody fragments or molecules against cell-surface molecules are well known in the art, and any of these may be used as agents in the methods herein.In some embodiments, the agent (e.g., selection agent or stimulating agent) is an antibody or antibody fragment containing one or more amino acid replacements in the variable heavy chain of a parental or reference antibody, for example, to generate an antibody with altered affinity or exhibiting a sufficiently rapid dissociation rate as described above. For example, such mutations are known in the context of anti-CD413B8.2 antibody mutants (see, for example, U.S. Patent No. 7,482,000, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US2014 / 0295458 or International Patent Application No. WO2013 / 124474), and any of these mutations can be generated in another parental or reference antibody. In some respects, the agent (e.g., selection agent or stimulating agent) which may be monovalent, for example, comprises a monovalent antibody fragment or a monovalent artificial binding molecule (proteinaceous or other) such as a mutein based on a polypeptide of the lipocalin family (also known as "AnticalinMR"), or a bivalent molecule such as an antibody or a fragment in which both binding sites are retained such as an F(ab') 2 fragment. An example of a protein-binding molecule with antibody-like functions includes a mutein based on a polypeptide of the lipocalin family (see, for example, WO 03 / 029462, Beste et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1999) 96, 1898-1903). In general, lipocalins, such as bilin-binding protein, human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, human Apo lipoprotein D, or human tear lipocalin, possess natural ligand-binding sites that can be modified to bind to a given target. Additional examples of a proteinaceous binding molecule with antibody-like binding properties that can be used as an agent (e.g., selection agent or stimulating agent) that binds specifically to the cell surface molecule include, but are not limited to, so-called glucobodies (see, for example, International Patent Application WO 96 / 23879), proteins based on the ankyrin scaffold (Mosavi, LK, et al, Protein Science (2004) 13, 6, 1435-1448) or crystalline scaffold (e.g., International Patent Application WO 01 / 04144) the proteins described in Skerra, J. Mol. Recognit. (2000) 13, 167-187, AdNectins, tetranectins and avimers. In general, avimers, including multivalent avimer proteins developed by exon transposition from a family of human receptor domains, contain so-called A domains which occur as multi-domain chains in various cell surface receptors (Silverman, J., et al, Nature Biotechnology (2005) 23, 1556-1561). Adnectins, generally derived from a human fibronectin domain, usually contain three loops that can be modified for immunoglobulin-like binding to targets (Gill, DS & Damle, NK, Current Opinion in Biotechnology (2006) 17, 653-658).Tetranectins, generally derived from the respective human homotrimeric protein, likewise typically contain loop regions in a C-type lectin domain that can be modified for desired binding. Peptoids, which can, in some cases, act as protein ligands, are usually oligo(N-alkyl) glycines that differ from peptides in that the side chain is connected to the amide nitrogen rather than the carbon atom. Peptoids are usually resistant to proteases and other modifying enzymes and can have much higher cell permeability than peptides (see, for example, Kwon, Y.-U., and Kodadek, T., J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2007) 129, 1508-1509). Other examples of suitable protein binding molecules include, but are not limited to, an EGF-like domain, a Kringle domain, a fibronectin type I domain, a fibronectin type II domain, a fibronectin type III domain, a PAN domain, a Gla domain, an SRCR domain, a Kunitz / Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor domain, tendamistat, a Kazal-like serine protease inhibitor domain, a Trefoil (P-type) domain, a von Willebrand factor C-type domain, an anaphylatoxin-like domain, a CUB domain, a thyroglobulin type I repeat, an LDL receptor class A domain, a Sushi domain, a Link domain, a thrombospondin type I domain, an immunoglobulin domain or an immunoglobulin-like domain (e.g., a domain antibody or camel heavy chain antibody), a lectin C-type domain, a MAM domain, a von Willebrand factor A-type domain, and a somatomedin domain. B,a WAP-type four-disulfide core domain, a C F5 / 8-type domain, a hemopexin domain, an SH2 domain, an SH3 domain, a laminin-type EGF domain, a C2 domain, "Kappabodies" (Ill et al. Protein Eng (1997) 10, 949-57), a so-called "minibody" (Martin et al., EMBO J (1994) 13, 5303-5309), a diabody (Holliger et al., PNAS USA (1993) 90, 6444-6448), a so-called "Janusis" (Traunecker et al., EMBO J (1991) 10, 3655-3659, or Traunecker et al., Int J Cancer (1992) Suppl 7, 51-52), a nanobody, a microbody, a Affilin, an affibody, a knottin, ubiquitin, a zinc finger protein, an autofluorescent protein, or a leucine-rich repeat protein. In some cases, a nucleic acid molecule with antibody-like functions can be an aptamer. In general, an aptamer folds into a defined three-dimensional motif and shows high affinity for a given target structure. a. Selection agents In some respects, the methods provided herein employ a selection agent. In some embodiments, the agent, as described in section II-B, is a selection agent. In some embodiments, the selection agent binds to a molecule on the surface of a cell, such as a cell surface molecule. In some cases, the cell surface molecule is a selection marker. In some embodiments, the selection agent is capable of binding specifically to a selection marker expressed by one or more of the cells in a sample. In some embodiments, the reference to specific binding to a molecule, such as a cell surface molecule or cell surface receptor, throughout the disclosure does not necessarily mean that the agent binds only to this molecule.For example, an agent that binds specifically to one molecule may bind to other molecules, generally with much lower affinity, as determined, for example, by immunoassays, BIAcoreMR, the KinExA 3000 instrument (Sapidyne Instruments, Boise, ID), or other assays. In some cases, the ability of an agent, under specific binding conditions, to bind to a target molecule such that its affinity or avidity is at least 5 times greater, such as at least 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 250, or 500 times greater, or even at least 1000 times greater than the average affinity or avidity of the same agent for a statistically sufficient collection of random peptides or polypeptides. In some modalities, cells, for example, target cells (e.g., T cells), have or express a molecule on their cell surface, for example, a selection marker, so that the cells to be selected are defined by the presence of at least one common specific molecule (e.g., selection marker). In some modalities, the sample containing the target cell may also contain additional cells that lack the molecule (e.g., selection marker). For example, in some modalities, T cells may be selected from a sample containing multiple cell types, for example, red blood cells or B cells. The terms selection marker and receptor molecule may be used interchangeably herein to refer to a cell surface molecule. In some embodiments, the selection agent is or contains an agent selected from the group consisting of antibody fragments, monovalent antibody fragments, proteinaceous binding molecules with immunoglobulin-like functions, molecules containing Ig domains, cytokines, chemokines, aptamers, MHC molecules, MHC-peptide complexes; receptor ligands; and binding fragments thereof; and / or the selection agent contains an antibody fragment; the selection agent is or contains a Fab fragment; the selection agent is selected from the group of divalent antibody fragments consisting of divalent F(ab)2 fragments and single-chain Fv (scFv) fragments; the selection agent is a monovalent antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab fragments, Fv fragments, and scFv fragments;and / or the selection agent is a proteinaceous binding molecule with antibody-like properties, selected from the group consisting of aptamers, polypeptide-based muteins of the lipocalin family, glucobodies, ankyrin scaffold-based proteins, crystal scaffold-based proteins, adnectins, and avimers. In some forms, the selection agent also contains a binding partner C to bind to the reagent. In some embodiments, the selection agent further contains biotin, a biotin analogue that reversibly binds to a streptavidin or avidin, a streptavidin-binding peptide selected from the group consisting of Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 8), Ser-Ala-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys-(GlyGlyGlySer) 3-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 15), Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys-(GlyGlyGlySer) 3-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 17), SAWSHPQFEKGGGSGGGSGGSAWSHPQFEK (SEQ ID NO: 16), Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys- (GlyGlyGlySer) 2-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 18) and Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys- (GlyGlyGlySer) 2Gly-Gly-Ser-Ala-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 19), a calmodulin-binding peptide that reversibly binds calmodulin,a FLAG peptide that reversibly binds to an antibody that binds to the FLAG peptide and an oligohistidine tag that reversibly binds to an antibody that binds to the oligohistidine tag. In some forms, the reagent is or contains a streptavidin, streptavidin mutein, avidin, or avidin mutein, and the screening agent contains a C-binding partner that is able to bind to this reagent, such as biotin, a biotin analogue, or a streptavidin-binding peptide.In some embodiments, the selection agent further comprises biotin, a biotin analog that binds reversibly to a streptavidin or avidin, a streptavidin-binding peptide selected from the group consisting of Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ: 8) ID Ser-Ala-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Gly-Lys- (GlyGlyGlySer) 3-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 15) , Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Lys-Gly-Glys-Glys 3-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 17) , SAWSHPQFEKGGGSGGSGGSAWSHPQFEK (SEQ ID NO: 16) , Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys-(GlyGlyS) 2-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 18) and Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys- (GlyGlyGlySer) 19) .In particular embodiments, the reagent is or contains a streptavidin mutein (e.g., as stated in SEQ ID NO: 6) and the C-binding partner is a streptavidin-binding peptide, such as any as stated in either SEQ ID NO: 8 or 15-19. In some embodiments, the selecting agent further comprises a streptavidin-binding peptide having the sequence SAWSHPQFEKGGGSGGGSGGSAWSHPQFEK (SEQ ID NO: 16). In some cases, the cell surface molecule, for example, the selection marker, can be an antigen that defines a desired cell population or subpopulation, such as a population or subpopulation of blood cells, for example, lymphocytes (e.g., T cells, helper T cells, e.g., CD4+ helper T cells, B cells, or natural killer cells), monocytes, or stem cells, for example, CD34-positive peripheral stem cells or stem cells expressing Nanog or Oct-4. In some modalities, the selection marker can be a marker expressed on the surface of T cells or a subset of T cells, such as CD25, CD28, CD62L, CCR7, CD27, CD127, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RA, and / or CD45RO. Examples of T cells include cells such as CMV-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes, cytotoxic T cells, memory T cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs).An illustrative example of Treg includes CD4 CD25 CD45RA Treg cells and an illustrative example of memory T cells includes specific central memory T cells CD62L CD8+. For example, in some cases, specific T cell subpopulations, such as cells that are positive for or express high levels of one or more surface markers (e.g., CD28+, CD62L+, CCR7+, CD27+, CD127+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD45RA+, and / or CD45RO+), are isolated using positive or negative selection techniques. In some methods, these cells are selected by incubation with one or more selection agents that bind specifically to these markers. The selection agent can be any binding molecule, such as an antibody or antibody fragment, that binds to these surface markers to effect positive or negative selection of T cells or T cell subpopulations. In some methods, T cells are separated from a PBMC sample by negative selection for markers expressed on non-T cells, such as B cells, monocytes, or other white blood cells, such as CD14. In some approaches, a CD4+ or CD8+ selection step is used to separate CD8+ and CD4+ helper cytotoxic T cells. These CD4+ and CD8+ populations can be further classified into subpopulations by positive or negative selection for markers expressed, or expressed to a relatively high degree, on one or more subpopulations of untreated, memory, and / or effector T cells. In some modalities, CD8+ cells are further enriched or depleted of central memory stem cells, effector memory cells, and / or non-treatment-free central memory cells, such as by positive or negative selection based on surface antigens associated with the respective subpopulation. In some modalities, central memory T cell (CMT) enrichment is performed to increase efficacy, such as to improve long-term survival, expansion, and / or engraftment after administration, which is particularly robust in some aspects in these subpopulations. See Terakura et al., (2012) Blood.1:72-82; Wang et al. (2012) J Immunother. 35 (9):689-701. In some modalities, the combination of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells enriched with CMT further enhances efficacy. In some modalities, memory T cells are present in both CD62L+ and CD62L- subsets of CD8+ peripheral blood lymphocytes. PBMCs can be enriched or depleted of CD62L-CD8+ and / or CD62L+CD8+ fractions, such as by using anti-CD8 and anti-CD62L antibodies as selection agents. In some approaches, enrichment for central memory T (CMT) cells is based on high or positive surface expression of CD45RO, CD62L, CCR7, CD28, CD3, and / or CD127; in some approaches, it is based on negative selection for cells that express or highly express CD45RA and / or granzyme B. In some approaches, isolation of a CD8+ CMT-enriched population is achieved by depleting cells expressing CD4, CD14, and CD45RA and positive selection or enrichment for cells expressing CD62L. In one approach, CMT enrichment is carried out starting with a negative fraction of cells selected based on CD4 expression, which is then negatively selected based on CD14 and CD45RA expression, and positively selected based on CD62L expression. These selections are carried out simultaneously in some aspects and sequentially in others, in any order.In some aspects, the same CD4 expression-based selection step used to prepare the CD8+ cell population or subpopulation is also used to generate the CD4+ cell population or subpopulation, so that both the positive and negative fractions of the CD4-based separation are retained and used in subsequent steps of the methods, optionally after one or more additional positive or negative selection steps. In some embodiments, the selection for the CD4+ cell population and the selection for the CD8+ cell population are carried out simultaneously. In some embodiments, the selection of the CD4+ cell population and the selection for the CD8+ cell population are carried out sequentially, in any order. In some embodiments, the methods for selecting cells may include those described in published U.S. application No. US20170037369. In certain modalities, a biological sample, for example, a sample of PBMCs or other white blood cells, is subjected to CD4+ T cell selection, where both the positive and negative fractions are retained. In some modalities, CD8+ T cells are selected from the negative fraction. In some modalities, a selection agent that binds specifically to CD4 and a selection agent that binds specifically to CD8 are used to generate a population enriched in CD4+ T cells and a population enriched in CD8+ T cells, respectively. In one particular example, a sample of PBMCs or another white blood cell sample is subjected to CD4+ cell selection, where both the positive and negative fractions are retained. The negative fraction is then subjected to negative selection based on the expression of CD14 and CD45RA or CD19, and positive selection based on a characteristic marker of central memory T cells, such as CD62L or CCR7, where the positive and negative selections are carried out in any order. Helper CD4+ T cells can be classified into effector and central memory cells without prior treatment by identifying cell populations that have cell surface antigens. CD4+ T cells can be obtained using standard methods. In some modalities, untreated CD4+ T cells are CD45RO-, CD45RA+, CD62L+, or CD4+. In some modalities, central memory CD4+ cells are CD62L+ and CD45RO+. In some modalities, effector CD4+ cells are CD62L- and CD45RO-. In some modalities, the selection marker is a T-cell coreceptor; the selection marker is or contains a member of a T-cell antigen receptor complex; the selection marker is or contains a CD3 chain; the selection marker is or contains a CD3 zeta chain; the selection marker is or contains a CD8; the selection marker is or contains a CD4; the selection marker is or contains CD45RA; the selection marker is or contains CD27; the selection marker is or contains CD28; and / or the selection marker is or contains CCR7. In some modalities, the selection marker is selected from the group consisting of CD3, CD4, and CD8. In some modalities, the selection marker is CD3. In some modalities, the specific binding between the selection agent and the selection marker does not induce a signal, or does not induce a stimulatory, activating, or proliferative signal, to T cells. In some modalities, the selection agent includes a monovalent antibody fragment that binds to CD3, CD8, or CD4. In some modalities, the selection agent is an anti-CD3 Fab, an anti-CD8 Fab, or an anti-CD4 Fab. In some modalities, the selection agent is an anti-CD3 Fab. In some modalities, the anti-CD3 Fab comprises an OKT3 antibody Fab fragment. In some modalities, the anti-CD3 Fab comprises a variable heavy chain having the sequence exposed by SEQ ID NO: 31 and a variable light chain having the sequence exposed by SEQ ID NO: 32. In some embodiments, the selection marker may be CD4, and the selection agent binds specifically to CD4. In some aspects, the selection agent that binds specifically to CD4 may be selected from the group consisting of an anti-CD4 antibody, a divalent antibody fragment of an anti-CD4 antibody, a monovalent antibody fragment of an anti-CD4 antibody, and a proteinaceous CD4-binding molecule with antibody-like binding properties. In some embodiments, an anti-CD4 antibody, such as a divalent antibody fragment or a monovalent antibody fragment (e.g., Fab CD4 fragment), may be derived from the 13B8.2 antibody or a functionally active mutant of 13B8.2 that retains specific binding to CD4. For example, example mutants of the 13B8.2 antibody or m13B8.2 are described in U.S. Patent No. 7,482,000, U.S. Patent Application No.US2014 / 0295458 or International Patent Application No. WO2013 / 124474; and Bes, C, et al. J Biol Chem 278, 14265-14273 (2003). The mutant Fab fragment designated "ml3B8.2" carries the variable domain of the murine CD4-binding antibody 13B8.2 and a constant domain containing a human constant gamma-type CH1 domain for the heavy chain and a human constant kappa-type light chain domain, as described in U.S. Patent 7,482,000. In some embodiments, the anti-CD4 antibody, for example, a mutant of antibody 13B8.2, contains the following amino acid replacements in the variable light chain: H91A, Y92A, H35A, and / or R53A, each by Kabat numbering. In some respects, compared to the variable domains of the Fab fragment 13B8.2 in ml3B8.2, the His residue at position 91 of the light chain (position 93 in SEQ ID NO: 30) is mutated to Ala, and the Arg residue at position 53 of the heavy chain (position 55 in SEQ ID NO: 29) is mutated to Ala. In some embodiments, the reagent that binds reversibly to anti-CD4 or a fragment thereof is commercially available or derived from a commercially available reagent (e.g., catalog No. 6-8000-206 or 6-8000-205 or 6-8002-100; IBA GmbH, Göttingen, Germany). In some embodiments, the selection agent comprises an anti-CD4 Fab fragment. In some embodiments, the anti-CD4 Fab fragment comprises a variable heavy chain having the sequence described by SEQ ID NO: 29 and a variable light chain having the sequence described by SEQ ID NO: 30.In some forms, the Fab anti-CD4 fragment comprises the variable heavy chain CDRs having the sequence exposed by SEQ ID NO: 29 and the variable light chain CDRs having the sequence exposed by SEQ ID NO: 30. In some embodiments, the selection marker may be CD8, and the selection agent binds specifically to CD8. In some embodiments, the selection agent that binds specifically to CD8 may be selected from a group consisting of an anti-CD8 antibody, a divalent antibody fragment of an anti-CD8 antibody, a monovalent antibody fragment of an anti-CD8 antibody, and a proteinaceous CD8-binding molecule with antibody-like binding properties. In some embodiments, an anti-CD8 antibody, such as a divalent antibody fragment or a monovalent antibody fragment (e.g., Fab CD8 fragment), may be derived from the OKT8 antibody (e.g., ATCC CRL-8014) or a functionally active mutant thereof that retains specific binding to CD8.In some embodiments, the reagent that reversibly binds to anti-CD8 or a fragment thereof is commercially available or derived from a commercially available reagent (e.g., catalog No. 6-8003 or 6-8000-201; IBA GmbH, Göttingen, Germany). In some embodiments, the selection agent comprises an anti-CD8 Fab fragment. In some embodiments, the anti-CD8 Fab fragment comprises a variable heavy chain having the sequence exposed by SEQ ID No. 36 and a variable light chain having the sequence exposed by SEQ ID No. 37. In some embodiments, the anti-CD8 Fab fragment comprises the CDRs of the variable heavy chain having the sequence exposed by SEQ ID No. 36 and the CDRs of the variable light chain having the sequence exposed by SEQ ID No. 37. In some formulations, the selection marker may be CD3, and the selection agent binds specifically to CD3. In some formulations, the selection agent that binds specifically to CD3 may be selected from a group consisting of an anti-CD3 antibody, a divalent antibody fragment of an anti-CD3 antibody, a monovalent antibody fragment of an anti-CD3 antibody, and a proteinaceous CD3-binding molecule with antibody-like binding properties. In some formulations, an anti-CD3 antibody, such as a divalent antibody fragment or a monovalent antibody fragment (e.g., Fab CD3 fragment), may be derived from the OKT3 antibody (e.g., ATCC CRL-8001; see, for example, Stemberger et al. PLoS One). 2012; 7 (4) : e35798) or a functionally active mutant thereof that retains the specific binding for CD3. In some embodiments, the reagent that binds reversibly to anti-CD3 or a fragment thereof is commercially available or derived ...

Claims

1. A chromatography column, comprising a housing assembly (1) for column chromatography, the housing assembly comprising: an inlet housing member (2) and an outlet housing member (3), wherein at least the inlet housing member and the outlet housing member form an internal cavity configured to house a stationary phase for column chromatography, wherein: the internal cavity comprises the stationary phase for column chromatography; and the stationary phase comprises an affinity chromatography array; a temperature control member configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity; and a connector (6) configured to operatively connect the internal cavity to a gas source, thereby permitting or effecting the admission of gas into the internal cavity.

2. The chromatography column of claim 1,further comprising the housing assembly a side wall member (7), wherein the inlet housing member, the outlet housing member, and the side wall member form the internal cavity.

3. The chromatography column of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the connector comprises one or more filters and, optionally, wherein the one or more filters are a gas filter.

4. The chromatography column of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the inlet housing member comprises one or more inlets operatively connected to the internal cavity to permit the admission of an inlet composition into the internal cavity; and / or wherein the outlet housing member comprises one or more outlets operatively connected to the internal cavity to permit or effect the discharge of an outlet composition from the internal cavity.

5. The chromatography column of any one of claims 1-4,further comprising: a first porous member (9) configured to separate the stationary phase and an inlet from the internal cavity, wherein the first porous member is optionally located between the inlet housing member and the side wall member, and optionally further wherein the first porous member is independently a cell sieve or a cell screen; and / or a second porous member (9) configured to separate the stationary phase and an outlet from the internal cavity, wherein the second porous member is optionally located between the outlet housing member and the side wall member, and optionally further wherein the second porous member is independently a cell sieve or a cell screen.

6. The chromatography column of any one of claims 1-5,wherein the temperature control member is configured: to heat the stationary phase to a target temperature between approximately 30°C and approximately 39°C and, optionally, wherein the target temperature is between approximately 35°C and approximately 39°C, and optionally in addition to or approximately 37°C, and / or to maintain the stationary phase at the target temperature.

7. The chromatography column of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the temperature control member comprises one or more heating elements and, optionally, wherein the one or more heating elements are configured to uniformly heat the stationary phase.

8. The chromatography column of claim 7, wherein at least one of the one or more heating elements is: a) an electromagnetic induction heating element,and the electromagnetic induction heating element comprises an induction heating coil surrounding a magnetizable core configured to provide heat to the stationary phase in the internal cavity; (ob) an electric heating element (17), and optionally, wherein the electric heating element comprises a metal plate, a metal rod, a metal wire, or a combination thereof; and / or wherein the electric heating element is configured to be connected to a power source external to the housing assembly; (oc) a non-electric heating element, and the non-electric heating element comprises a heating channel comprising an inlet and an outlet for a heated fluid, and optionally, wherein the heating channel is a heating coil and / or wherein the heated fluid is heated water, and optionally further,wherein the heated water inlet is configured to connect to an external heated water reservoir.

9. The chromatography column of any one of claims 7-8, wherein at least one of the heating elements is positioned along and / or around a central axis of the internal cavity, and / or wherein at least one of the heating elements is positioned inside the internal cavity, outside the internal cavity, or partially inside and partially outside the internal cavity.

10. The chromatography column of any one of claims 7-9, wherein at least one of the heating elements surrounds at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the side wall member.

11. The chromatography column of any one of claims 7-10, each depending on claim 2.wherein at least a portion of at least one of the one or more heating elements is in contact with at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member and / or at least a portion of the side wall member, optionally at least a portion of the side wall member.

12. The chromatography column of any one of claims 7-10 when each depends on claim 1, wherein at least a portion of at least one of the one or more heating elements is in contact with at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member and / or at least a portion of a side wall member, optionally at least a portion of the side wall member.

13. The chromatography column of any one of claim 10 or of claims 11 or 12 when they depend on claim 10,wherein the housing assembly further comprises an insulating layer between at least one of the one or more heating elements and at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the sidewall member, and optionally wherein the insulating layer comprises a gas, optionally air, or a liquid.

14. The chromatography column of any one of claims 7-13, wherein the housing assembly further comprises a sleeve member (12) comprising at least one of the one or more heating elements, wherein the sleeve member is configured to surround at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the sidewall member,and optionally: wherein the sleeve member is releasably connected to encircle at least a portion of the inlet housing member, at least a portion of the outlet housing member, and / or at least a portion of the sidewall member; and / or wherein the sleeve member is configured to encircle at least a portion of the sidewall member, optionally configured to completely encircle the sidewall member.

15. The chromatography column of any preceding claim, wherein the stationary phase comprises or is a non-magnetic, non-ferromagnetic, or non-paramagnetic material.

16. The chromatography column of any preceding claim, wherein the stationary phase is configured to immobilize target cells thereon, optionally wherein the target cells are T cells, optionally CD3+ T cells,CD4+ or CD8+.

17. The chromatography column of any preceding claim, wherein the stationary phase comprises a selection agent (32) immobilized thereon.

18. The chromatography column of claim 17, wherein the selection agent is capable of specifically binding to a selection marker (34) on the surface of one or more cells and, optionally, wherein the one or more cells are immune cells, optionally further T cells.

19. The chromatography column of claim 18, wherein the selection agent is or comprises an agent selected from the group consisting of antibody fragments, monovalent antibody fragments, proteinaceous binding molecules with immunoglobulin-like functions, molecules containing Ig domains, cytokines, chemokines, aptamers, MHC molecules,MHC-peptide complexes; receptor ligands; and binding fragments thereof; and / or the selection agent comprises an antibody fragment; the selection agent is or comprises a Fab fragment; the selection agent is or comprises a single-domain antibody, optionally a VHH antibody; the selection agent is selected from the group of divalent antibody fragments consisting of F(ab')2 and divalent single-chain Fv fragments (scFv); the selection agent is a monovalent antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab fragments, Fv fragments, and scFv; and / or the selection agent is a proteinaceous binding molecule with antibody-like binding properties, selected from the group consisting of aptamers, muteins based on a lipocalin family polypeptide, glucores, ankyrin scaffold-based proteins, crystal scaffold-based proteins,adnectins and avimers.

20. The chromatography column of any one of claims 18 or 19, wherein: the selection marker is a T-cell coreceptor; the selection marker is or comprises a member of a T-cell antigen receptor complex; the selection marker is or comprises a CD3 complex; the selection marker is or comprises a CD3 chain; the selection marker is or comprises a CD3, CD3, CD3, or CD3 chain; the selection marker is or comprises CD8; the selection marker is or comprises CD4; the selection marker is or comprises CD45RA; the selection marker is or comprises CD27; the selection marker is or comprises CD28; and / or the selection marker is or comprises CCR7.

21. The chromatography column of any one of claims 18-20, wherein the selection agent comprises or is an anti-CD3 Fab, an anti-CD8 Fab,an anti-CD4 Fab or an anti-CD27 Fab.

22. The chromatography column of any one of claims 18-21, wherein the selection agent is indirectly bound to the stationary phase through a selection reagent (31) to which the selection agent is reversibly bound.

23. The chromatography column of claim 22, wherein the selection reagent comprises or is a streptavidin mutan reversibly bound to a streptavidin-binding peptide and optionally wherein the streptavidin-binding peptide is selected from the group consisting of Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 8), Ser-Ala-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys-(GlyGlyGlySer), 3-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 15), Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys-(GlyGlyGlySer) 3-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 17), SAWSHPQFEKGGGSGGGSGGSAWSHPQFEK (SEQ ID NO: 16),Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys- (GlyGlyGlySer) 2-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 18) and Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys- (GlyGlyGlySer) 2Gly-Gly-Ser-Ala-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 19); and / or wherein the streptavidin mutein comprises the amino acid sequence Val44-Thr45-Ala46-Arg47 in sequence positions corresponding to positions 44 to 47 of SEQ ID NO: 1, or the streptavidin mutein comprises the amino acid sequence Ile44-Gly45-Ala46-Arg47 in sequence positions corresponding to positions 44 to 47 of SEQ ID NO: 1; and / or wherein the N-terminal amino acid residue of the streptavidin mutein is in the region of amino acids 10 to 16 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and the C-terminal amino acid residue of the streptavidin mutein is in the region of amino acids 133 to 142 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and / or wherein the streptavidin mutein comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in any of SEQ ID NO: 3-6, 27, 28,104 and 105.

24. The chromatography column of any of claims 17-23, wherein the selection agent comprises a streptavidin-binding peptide, optionally wherein the streptavidin-binding peptide is selected from the group consisting of Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 8), Ser-Ala-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys-(GlyGlyGlySer), 3-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 15), Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys-(GlyGlyGlySer) 3-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 17), SAWSHPQFEKGGGSGGGSGGSAWSHPQFEK (SEQ ID NO: 16), Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys- (GlyGlyGlySer) 2-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 18) and Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys- (GlyGlyGlySer) 2Gly-Gly-Ser-Ala-Trp-Ser-His-Pro-Gln-Phe-Glu-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 19).,

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