Floor structure

Abstract

A floor structure (10, 10', 10") comprises: (i) a support element (11), specially made of metal; (ii) an insulating layer (12) made of mineral wool; (iii) a restraint layer (13) made of a metal sandwich structure comprising a first (131) and a second metal cover layer (132), such that between the first (131) and the second cover layer (132) there is a central layer (133) with a corrugated structure, such that between the first cover layer (131) and the central layer (133) first channels (134) are formed and between the second cover layer (132) and the central layer (133) second channels (135), characterized in that said insulating layer (12) is arranged between said support element (11) and said restraint layer (13).

Description

Floor structure Technical field The invention relates to a floor structure comprising a support element, an insulating layer, and a restraint layer, as well as to a vehicle, building, and / or marine installation, especially a ship, comprising such a floor structure. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a floor structure and to using the floor structure for sound damping or in a fire protection system, especially in a vehicle, building, and / or marine installation. Background of the technique In vehicles, buildings, or marine installations, the transmission of unwanted sound or vibration through structural elements such as floors is a challenging problem. This is especially true in metal structures, such as railways, ships, and marine installations, which have large flat surfaces. Consequently, flat areas, such as floors, are expected not only to be smooth and level but also to play a significant role in noise and vibration suppression. On board ships, for example, there are several dominant sources of sound and vibration, such as diesel engines, gearboxes, and propellers, which transmit these types of energy. In the field of acoustic and vibration engineering, the energy released by these sources is defined in two ways: • Vibration: Dynamic movements in solids and liquids • Sound: Variations in air pressure in the audible frequency range (20 Hz–20 kHz). On a ship, the dominant transmission of unwanted sound or noise occurs through the ship's structure. The engine, propeller, gearbox, etc., each generate energy waves that are transmitted into the air as structural noise from large, flat surfaces, such as decks and bulkheads, which act as resonating chambers. Airborne noise is less dominant because sounds transmitted along corridors and laterally through partitions and bulkheads are substantially reduced with distance from the source. To reduce vibrations and noise, viscoelastic damping systems can be applied directly to vibrating areas or surfaces. These systems reduce low-frequency noise radiation and transform kinetic energy from vibrations into heat. In addition to damping vibrations and sound in vehicles, buildings, or marine installations, another important aspect is preventing the spread of fire. This is typically achieved through (i) passive fire protection, for example, the installation of firewalls and fire-resistant flooring to create fire compartments designed to limit the spread of fire, high temperatures, and smoke, or through (ii) active fire protection, for example, manual and automatic fire detection and suppression, such as with fire sprinkler systems and / or alarm systems. For example, document WO 2020 / 225300 A1 (Sika Technology AG) describes a mortar composition for sound dampening and fire protection. The mortar can be used, for example, to manufacture floor, wall, or ceiling structures comprising a special mortar composition, steel plates, a mineral wool insulation layer, and a coating, all mounted on a metal support element. However, conventional floor structures typically have a high density and, as such, increase the overall weight of vehicles, buildings, or marine installations. It is possible to construct floor structures with lower density, but this reduces their mechanical load-bearing capacity. For example, document WO 2017 / 053618 A1 (Storm Strong LLC) discloses a panel to be used in a floor structure to improve a building's resistance to strong winds and floodwaters, such as might occur during severe storms. Therefore, there remains a need to develop improved flooring systems that overcome the aforementioned drawbacks. Disclosure of the invention It is an objective of the present invention to provide improved floor structures for vehicles, buildings, and / or marine installations. In particular, the floor structures should preferably be suitable for sound insulation and / or fire protection, have a high load-bearing capacity, and / or be lightweight. The floor structures should be especially suitable for marine applications, industrial buildings, and / or railway rolling stock. Surprisingly, it has been discovered that these objectives are achieved through the features of claim 1. Therefore, the core of the invention is a floor structure comprising: (i) a support element, especially made of metal; (ii) an insulating layer made of mineral wool; (iii) a restraint layer made of a metallic sandwich structure comprising a first and a second metallic cover layer, wherein between the first and second cover layers a central layer with a corrugated structure is disposed, such that between the first cover layer and the central layer first channels are formed and between the second cover layer and the central layer second channels are formed, characterized in that said insulating layer is disposed between said support element and said restraint layer. These floor structures are capable of absorbing noise, especially in the 5–5,000 Hz frequency range, for example, in automotive and marine applications. Therefore, these innovative structures are well-suited for soundproofing in vehicles, buildings, and marine installations, particularly ships. Furthermore, inventive structures are well-suited as passive fire protection systems, for example, as fire barriers to limit the spread of fire. Specifically, floor structures that meet the "A-60" class according to the FTP Code (International Code for the Application of Fire Testing Procedures) can be easily manufactured. Since the floor structure does not require massive metal plates, such as steel plates, its weight or surface density is quite low. However, thanks to its special metal sandwich structure, the restraint layer exhibits high stability. This helps reduce the overall weight of vehicles, buildings, and / or marine installations while maintaining high load-bearing capacity. In the case of vehicles, lower weight translates to reduced energy or fuel consumption. This is especially relevant for heavy vehicles such as trains, cargo ships, cruise ships, and / or ferries. While the weight of a traditional floating floor is approximately 42 kg / m2, a comparable inventive floor can be produced with a weight of only 14 kg / m2. Furthermore, the inventive floor structures can be installed quite easily and quickly since no heavy and massive elements are required. Other aspects of the invention are the subject of other independent claims. The particularly preferred embodiments are described in detail in the description and in the dependent claims. Ways to carry out the invention A first aspect of the present invention relates to a floor structure comprising: (i) a support element, especially made of metal; (ii) an insulating layer made of mineral wool; (iii) a restraint layer made of a metallic sandwich structure comprising a first and a second metallic cover layer, wherein between the first and second cover layers a central layer with a corrugated structure is disposed, such that between the first cover layer and the central layer first channels are formed and between the second cover layer and the central layer second channels are formed, characterized in that said insulating layer is disposed between said support element and said restraint layer. The support element holds up the other layers of the floor structure. Specifically, the support element is made of metal, particularly steel and / or aluminum. Specifically, the support element has a flat top surface, upon which the other layers of the floor structure are arranged. For example, the support element is the deck of a ship or a marine installation. The insulating layer is placed between the supporting element (support layer) and the restraint layer. This protects the insulating layer from mechanical damage by the restraint layer and allows for a floating floor installation. Specifically, the insulating layer is laid floating on top of the layer directly beneath it, particularly the support layer or an optional intermediate layer. This means the insulating layer is not fixed to the layer directly below it, especially the support layer. As has been demonstrated, this floating arrangement reduces stress on the floor structure and improves sound damping properties. The insulating layer is made of mineral wool. In particular, "mineral wool" refers to any fibrous material formed by spinning or drawing molten mineral or rock materials, such as stone, glass, slag, and / or ceramics. Specifically, mineral wool is presented in the form of a fabric, preferably consisting of at least 75% by weight, and preferably at least 90% or 95% by weight, of fibrous material consisting of stone, glass, slag, and / or ceramics. Especially preferred, the insulating layer comprises or consists of rock wool, slag wool and / or glass wool. The insulating layer is preferably made of mineral wool with a surface density of 3-10 kg / m2, especially 4-8 kg / m2, for example 5 kg / m2 or 7 kg / m2. A nominal density of mineral wool, measured according to EN 1602:2013, is preferably 7.- 200 kg / m3, preferably 9.- 190 kg / m3, in particular 10.- 170 kg / m3, especially 12.- 150 kg / m2, for example, 140 kg / m3. The insulating layer in particular is made of mineral wool with a compressive strength, measured according to EN 826:2013, of at least 4 kPa, preferably at least 7 kPa, in particular at least 10 kPa, especially at least 12 kPa. Preferably, the insulating layer is made of mineral wool with a thickness, measured perpendicular to the support element, of 3.- 150 mm, especially 4.- 100 mm, in particular 4.- 60 mm, for example 50 mm. Specifically, the thickness of the insulating layer is greater than the thickness of the restraint layer. Furthermore, in particular, the insulating layer is made of mineral wool with a dynamic stiffness, measured according to EN 229052-1:1992, of 3 - 20 MN / m3, preferably 8 - 19 MN / m3, especially 1.- 17 MN / m3, in particular 1.- 16 MN / m3, for example 14 MN / m3. Mineral wool with these properties proved to be very suitable for achieving the aforementioned objectives, especially with regard to sound dampening, fire protection, and mechanical load capacity. Specifically, the insulating layer is made of several individual insulating boards, particularly rectangular boards, arranged side by side to form a continuous insulating layer. In this case, the insulating layer can be constructed manually quite easily, without the need for special tools or machinery. For example: - the length of the individual insulating plates is 50-2000 mm, especially 75-1250 mm, and / or - a width of the individual insulating plates is 20.- 1000 mm, especially 40.- 800 mm, and / or - a thickness of the individual insulating plates is 3.- 150 mm, especially 4.- 100 mm, in particular 4.- 60 mm, for example 50 mm. Therefore, the length is usually greater than the width, and the width is greater than the thickness. In the metal sandwich structure, the outer layers are mechanically fixed to the core layer, specifically bonded together. In particular, the outer layers are welded and / or adhesively bonded, preferably welded, to the core layer. This allows the outer layers to selectively adhere to the ribs of the corrugated core layer. Preferably, the metal sandwich structure comprises 3-20 channels per meter, especially 4-15 channels per meter, where the channels include the total of the first and second channels. The first and / or second channels are preferably open at both ends. However, closed configurations can also be used if desired. Specifically, the channels are arranged in parallel. Thus, in particular, the first channels are located between the second channels. Especially the first and second channels run in a direction parallel to the first and / or second cover layer through the sandwich structure. The first and / or second channels are preferably straight. However, other configurations may be suitable for special applications. The central layer of the metal sandwich structure has a corrugated structure. A corrugated structure does not necessarily mean a structure with a regular waveform, such as a sinusoidal structure with regularly formed valleys and crests. A corrugated structure includes structures with arbitrarily formed valleys and crests. Preferably, the first metal cladding layer, the second metal cladding layer, and / or the corrugated core layer are made of aluminum. Specifically, the metal sandwich structure is made entirely of aluminum. Since aluminum is relatively lightweight and chemically inert to many substances, it is an ideal choice. However, in principle, one, several, or all components of the metal sandwich structure can be made of other metals, such as steel. This might be desirable for special applications. The thickness of the restraint layer and / or the metal sandwich structure is preferably 2–25 mm, especially 3–15 mm, and in particular 5–10 mm. The thickness is measured in a direction perpendicular to the support element. In the metal sandwich structure, the first and second cover layers are preferably arranged in a parallel plane. Preferably, the thickness of the first metallic cover layer and / or the second metallic cover layer is 0.5 - 2 mm, especially 0.7 - 1.3 mm, in particular 0.9 - 1.1 mm. The thickness of the core layer is 0.1–0.5 mm, specifically 0.2–0.4 mm, for example 0.3 mm. In particular, the thickness of the first and / or second metallic cover layers is greater than the thickness of the core layer. It is especially preferred that the middle layer, in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the channels, has a wavy cross-section, particularly a sinusoidal cross-section, a repeating trapezoidal cross-section, a repeating triangular cross-section, or a repeating rectangular cross-section. It is especially preferred that the middle layer, in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the channels, has a sinusoidal cross-section. Metal sandwich structures with these central layers are highly stable, while also having a fairly low weight and good sound insulation properties. However, other core layers are also possible that have, for example, arbitrary polygonal train cross-sections. Preferably, a surface density of the metal sandwich structure is 4 - 10 kg / m2, especially 6 - 8 kg / m2. Ideally, the restraint layer is made of several individual plates with a metallic sandwich structure. The individual plates are preferably arranged side by side to form a closed layer. In this case, the constraint layer can be built manually in a fairly simple way, without the need for special tools or machines. For example: - the length of the individual plates having a metallic sandwich structure is 100-3000 mm, especially 150-2500 mm, and / or - the width of the individual plates having a metal sandwich structure is 20-2000 mm, especially 50-1400 mm, and / or - The thickness of the plates that have a metallic sandwich structure is 2 - 25 mm, especially 3 - 15 mm, and in particular 5 - 10 mm. Therefore, the length is usually greater than the width, and the width is greater than the thickness. It is especially preferred that the individual plates be connected to each other, particularly with a tongue and groove connection. This allows the individual plates to be adjusted, especially in terms of their height. This results in a very flat restraint layer, even if it is composed of several individual plates. Specifically, the individual plates on each side comprise a groove within a side wall into which a metal tab is placed, extending into the groove of an adjacent plate. This allows the plates to be connected in a space-saving manner, without any protruding elements. In another preferred embodiment, metal strips, especially aluminum strips, are arranged in a grid-like pattern, particularly a rectangular grid, between the mineral wool of the insulating layer and the metal sandwich structure of the restraint layer. The metal strips are preferably bonded to the metal sandwich structure with adhesive, particularly a polyurethane adhesive. In other words, if present, the metal strips are arranged in an additional layer between the insulating layer and the restraint layer. Preferably, the metal strips of the matrix are in direct contact with the insulating layer, particularly the mineral wool, on one side, and in contact with the restraint layer, particularly the sandwich structure, on the other side via the adhesive. A cover of the metal strips is preferably 5-50%, especially 1-30%, of the total surface of the insulating layer. In particular, the width of the metal strips is 5.- 250 mm, especially 10.- 200 mm, especially 12.- 160 mm and / or a thickness of the metal strips is 0.5 - 5 mm, especially 1 - 3 mm. Metal strips can be used to reduce lateral movement of the restraint layer over the insulating layer. They also stabilize the restraint layer. If the restraint layer is made of several individual plates as described above, the metal strips are preferably arranged so that adjacent individual plates with a metal sandwich structure are connected by at least one metal strip, particularly on the underside of the plates. In this case, the metal strips preferably run along the contact lines between the individual plates. In this way, the individual metal strips stabilize the arrangement of the clearly individual plates of the restraint layer. Metal strips can be used in addition to the tongue and groove connection as described above. In another preferred embodiment, at least one intermediate layer is placed between the supporting element and the insulating layer. This intermediate layer is selected from a primer, mortar, and / or metal tiles, for example, steel tiles. This allows the floor structure to be further adapted to specific requirements. For example, sound insulation could be further improved, fire protection could be enhanced, and / or the insulating layer could be bonded to the supporting element. However, in general, an intermediate layer is not necessary. Therefore, the insulating layer can be in direct contact with the support element. In particular, if mortar is used, it is preferable that it be a self-leveling cementitious mortar, especially a polymer-modified cementitious mortar. For example, a mortar such as that described in WO 2020 / 225300 A1 can be used. In another preferred embodiment, at least one cover layer is placed over the restraint layer. This cover layer is selected, for example, from organic membranes, organic resins, and / or tiles. This allows the floor surface to be adapted to specific requirements. The organic resin is selected, for example, from polyurethane and / or epoxy resins. The tiles can be selected from metallic tiles, for example, steel tiles. In particular, the metal sandwich structure of the restraint layer is arranged so that it does not come into direct contact with the support element and / or any side wall, especially any side walls adjacent to the support element. This allows for further improvement in sound damping. This can be achieved, for example, by making the area of ​​the restraint layer smaller, for example, at least 0.5% smaller, than the area of ​​the insulating layer. Especially preferred, the restraint layer, particularly on all sides, is separated from at least one side wall by at least 5 mm, especially by at least 10 mm or at least 25 mm. Furthermore, it is preferable that an outer edge of the floor, especially an edge adjacent to a wall, be sealed with a sealant. The sealant could be a waterproof sealant, for example, a silane-terminated polymer-based sealant. This prevents, for example, liquids from being absorbed by the floor structure. Another aspect of the invention relates to a vehicle, a building, and / or a marine installation comprising a floor structure as described above. The vehicle in question is a train or a ship. A ship could be, for example, a cargo ship, a cruise ship, or a ferry. A method for producing a floor structure as described above is disclosed, comprising the following steps: (i) Place an insulating layer made of mineral wool over a support element; (ii) Above the insulating layer, a restraint layer made of a metallic sandwich structure comprising a first and a second metallic cover layer, wherein a central layer with a corrugated structure is disposed between the first and second cover layers, such that channels are formed between the first cover layer and the central layer and between the second cover layer and the central layer. The support element, the insulating layer, and the restraint layer made of a metallic sandwich structure are defined as described above in relation to the inventive floor structure. The optional features of the floor structure components and / or the floor structure as a whole, described above as preferred, are also realized in the inventive method. In a particularly preferred implementation, after step (i) the metal strips, especially the aluminum strips, are arranged in a grid pattern over the insulating layer, and the top side of the metal strips is coated with an adhesive, especially a polyurethane adhesive, so that when the restraint layer is placed in step (ii), the restraint layer is adhesively bonded to the metal strips. In particular, prior to step (i), the support element is coated with at least one intermediate layer, which is selected from a primer, mortar and / or metal tiles. In another preferred embodiment, after step (ii), at least one cover layer is placed over the restraint layer, wherein the cover layer is preferably selected from organic resins and tiles. The advantages and other details of the metal strips, intermediate layers, and coatings are described above in connection with the inventive floor structure. Another aspect of the present invention relates to the following uses: - The use of a floor structure as described above for sound damping, particularly in a vehicle, building and / or marine installation, especially on a ship. - The use of a floor structure as described above in a fire protection system, especially as a firebreak and / or fire barrier, particularly in a vehicle, building and / or marine installation, especially on a ship. In particular, the floor structure described above is used in combination for sound dampening and in a fire protection system, especially as a firebreak and / or fire barrier. The vehicle in question is a train or a ship. A ship could be, for example, a cargo ship, a cruise ship, or a ferry. Other advantageous configurations of the invention are evident from the exemplary embodiments. Brief description of the drawings The drawings used to explain the achievements show: Fig. 1 A section of a first inventive floor structure in the form of a steel deck of a ship that is covered with an insulating layer of mineral wool and a restraint layer made of an aluminum sandwich structure in a perspective view; Fig. 2 a perspective view of a section of the aluminum sandwich structure of the floor structure of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 a top view of an enlarged section of the floor structure of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 a cross-section of the floor structure of Fig. 1 along line A - A in Fig. 1; Fig. 5 a cross-section of another floor structure that is similar in design to the floor structure of Fig. 1 but has an additional cover layer in the form of a waterproof polyurethane resin over the restraint layer; Fig. 6 shows a cross-section of another floor structure that is similar in design to the floor structure in Fig. 5 but also has a two-layer intermediate layer between the steel deck and the insulating layer. In principle, identical parts are provided with the same part numbers in the figures. Exemplary achievements Floor structures Figure 1 shows a section of the first inventive floor structure 10 in a perspective view. The structure comprises a support element 11 in the form of a steel ship's deck. Mineral wool boards (6.9 kg / m²; length × width × height of each board: 2000 mm × 1000 mm × 50 mm; for example, Rockwool Searox SL436, available from Rockwool International A / S) are arranged on the support element 11 as an insulating layer 12. A rectangular grid of aluminum strips 14.1, 14.2, ..., 14.12 is arranged on the insulating layer 12 (only two of the strips are shown in Fig. 1; see Fig. 2 for details). The aluminum strips are, for example, 1000 mm × 140 mm × 2 mm in size. The upper faces of the aluminum strips 14.1, 14.2, ..., 14.2 are coated with an adhesive 15, in particular a polyurethane adhesive (for example, SikaForce®-472 FR L 60; available from Sika Germany). Above the insulating layer 12 and the aluminum strips 14.1, 14.2, ..., 14.12, there is a restraint layer 13 formed by several rectangular plates 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, ..., 13.9 with a metallic sandwich structure (only four plates are shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 2 shows an enlarged view with more plates visible). The aluminum strips 14.1, 14.2, ..., 14.12 run along a contact line between neighboring plates. Thus, neighboring plates 13.2 and 13.3 are bonded to the same aluminum strip 14.1 with an adhesive 15. Plates 13.3 and 13.4 are similarly bonded to another aluminum strip 14.2. The other plates are attached to other aluminum strips in a similar way (see Fig.2). Furthermore, adjacent plates 13.2 and 13.3 are connected by an aluminum tongue 16.1 that fits into two opposing grooves in the side walls of plates 13.2 and 13.3. Plates 13.3 and 13.4 are interconnected by another aluminum tongue 16.2 in a similar manner. Additional connections exist between the other plates (not shown in Fig. 1). The floor structure in Fig. 1, for example, has a weight of 14.9 kg / m² (excluding the steel roof). In the upper left of Fig. 1, a side wall 17 protrudes from the steel cover 11. The insulating layer 12 is in indirect contact with the side wall 17, while the restraint layer 13 is separated from the side wall 17 by a sealing element 18 (e.g., made of Sikaflex®-591, available from Sika Germany). Therefore, there is no direct contact between the side wall of the matrix 17 and the restraint layer 13. Figure 2 shows a section of one of the plates 13.1 having a metallic sandwich structure. The plate consists of a first aluminum cover layer 131 and a second aluminum cover layer 132, between which is a central aluminum layer 133 with a sinusoidal structure, such that first channels 134 are formed between the first cover layer 131 and the central layer 133, and second channels 135 are formed between the second cover layer 132 and the central layer 133. The channels 134 and 135 run parallel to the cover layers 131 and 132, as well as to each other. At the contact points between the central layer 133 and the cover layers 131 and 132, the central layer 133 is welded to either the first central layer 131 or the second central layer 132. The thickness of the first layer 131 and the second layer 132 is, for example, 1 mm, while the thickness of the middle layer 133, for example, is 0.3 mm. The total height of the plates is, for example, 6 mm and the surface density is 6.9 kg / m³. Figure 3 shows a top view of an enlarged section of the 10th floor structure. As shown in Figure 3, the aluminum strips 14.1, 14.2, ..., 14.12 (dashed rectangles) located beneath the plates 13.1, 13.2, ..., 13.9 are arranged in a rectangular grid. Thus, the aluminum strips 14.1, 14.2, ..., 14.12 run along the contact lines between the plates 13.1, 13.2, ..., 13.9. All the aluminum strips 14.1, 14.2, ..., 14.12 are adhesively bonded on their upper side with adhesive 15 (not shown in Fig. 3) to the lower side of the plates 13.1, 13.2, ..., 13.9, so that neighboring plates are interconnected by the aluminum strips 14.1, 14.2, ..., 14.12. All neighboring plates 13.1, 13.2, ..., 13.9 are further interconnected by aluminum tabs (not shown in Fig. 3) as explained in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 shows a cross-section of the 10th floor structure of Fig. 1 along line A - A in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 shows a cross-section of another 10' floor structure. The 10' floor structure is essentially identical in design to the 10' floor structure of Fig. 1. However, over the restraint layer 13, as an additional cover layer 20, a waterproof polyurethane-based resin (e.g., Sikafloor Marine 590, available from Sika Germany) is applied. Figure 6 shows a cross-section of another 10" floor structure. The 10" floor structure has a design similar to the 10" floor structure, but further comprises an intermediate layer 30 between the support element 11 and the insulating layer 12. The intermediate layer 30 consists of a lower layer 30a made of a polymer-modified cementitious mortar (e.g., Sikafloor® Marine VEM, available from Sika Germany) as a viscoelastic layer and an upper layer 30b made of another polymer-modified cementitious mortar (e.g., Sikafloor® Marine-190, available from Sika Germany) as an additional restraint layer. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential features. The embodiments described herein are therefore considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive. For example, instead of the top layer 30b made of polymer-modified cementitious mortar, steel tiles could be used. In addition, additional primer layers (e.g., Sikafloor® Marine Primer C, available from Sika Germany) can be applied between the top layer 30b and the bottom layer 30a, as well as between the bottom layer 30a and the support element 11 to improve adhesion between the layers. Trial by fire Fire tests have been carried out on the floor structure in accordance with the International Code for the Application of Fire Testing Procedures, 2010 (International Maritime Organization, resolution msc.307(88), adopted on 3 December 2010). Tests have shown that the system prevents the passage of flames and smoke for 60 minutes. The average temperature increase in the unexposed portion of the roof was less than 140°C above the temperature prior to the start of the standard fire test. Overall, thanks to the innovative mortar composition, it is possible to manufacture A-60 class roofs. Acoustic tests Acoustic tests were performed in accordance with ISO 10140:2010 and EN ISO 717:2013. All tested floor structures clearly showed significant noise and vibration suppression. Load capacity To test the load-bearing capacity, cars weighing approximately 2 tons were loaded onto the floors. No deformation or permanent damage was observed. In summary, the ingenious floor structures can be used to produce effective fire barriers and sound dampening, while having load-bearing capacities comparable to known floor structures, but with a much lower weight.

Claims

1. A floor structure (10, 10', 10") comprising: (i) a support element (11), specially made of metal; (ii) an insulating layer (12) made of mineral wool; (iii) a restraint layer (13) made of a metal sandwich structure comprising a first (131) and a second (132) metal cover layer, wherein a central layer (133) with a corrugated structure is disposed between the first (131) and the second (132) cover layer, such that first channels (134) are formed between the first cover layer (131) and the central layer (133), and second channels (135) are formed between the second cover layer (132) and the central layer (133), characterized in that said insulating layer (12) is disposed between said support element (11) and said restraint layer (13).

2. A floor structure according to claim 1, wherein the support element (11) is disposed between said support element (11) and said restraint layer (13). Support (11) is a deck of a ship or marine installation, especially made of steel and / or aluminum. 3.Floor structure according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the insulating layer (12) is made of mineral wool with one or more of the following properties: - a nominal density, measured according to EN 1602:2013, of 7.-200 kg / m3, preferably 9.-190 kg / m3, in particular 10.-170 kg / m3, especially 12.-150 kg / m2, for example, 140 kg / m3 and / or - a compressive strength, measured according to EN 826:2013, of at least 4 kPa, preferably at least 7 kPa, in particular at least 10 kPa, especially at least 12 kPa and / or - a thickness, measured perpendicular to the supporting element, of 3.-150 mm, especially 4.-100 mm, in particular 4.-60 mm, for example, 50 mm, and / or - a stiffness dynamic, measured according to EN 229052-1:1992, from 3 - 20 MN / m3, preferably 8 - 19 MN / m3, especially 1.- 17 MN / m3, in particular 1.- 16 MN / m3, for example 14 MN / m3. 4.Floor structure according to any of the preceding claims wherein the thickness of the restraint layer (13) and / or the metal sandwich structure is 2-25 mm, especially 3-15 mm, particularly 5-10 mm.

5. Floor structure according to any of the preceding claims wherein the first metal cover layer (131), the second metal cover layer (132), and / or the middle layer having a corrugated structure (133) is / are made of aluminum. 6.Floor structure according to any of the preceding claims, wherein: - the thickness of the first metal cover layer (131) and / or the second metal cover layer (132) is 0.5–2 mm, especially 0.7–1.3 mm, in particular 0.9–1.1 mm, - the thickness of the middle layer (133) is 0.1–0.5 mm, especially 0.2–0.4 mm, for example 0.3 mm, - the thickness of the first metal cover layer (131) and / or the second metal cover layer (132) is greater than the thickness of the middle layer (133).

7. Floor structure according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the middle layer (133), in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the channels (134, 135), has a sinusoidal cross-section. 8.Floor structure according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the metal sandwich structure comprises 3-20 channels (134, 135) per meter, especially 4-15 channels per meter, wherein the channels include the total of the first (134) and second (135) channels.

9. Floor structure according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the restraint layer (13) is made of several individual plates (13.1, 13.2, ...), especially rectangular plates, having a metal sandwich structure, wherein the individual plates (13.1, 13.2, ...) are connected to each other by a tongue and groove connection, wherein, preferably, the individual plates (13.1, 13.2, ...) on each side comprise a groove within the side wall in which an additional metal tongue (16.1, 16.2, ...) is positioned extending into the groove of a neighboring plate. 10.Floor structure according to any of the preceding claims, wherein metal strips (14.1, 14.2, ...), especially aluminum strips, are arranged in a grid pattern between the mineral wool of the insulating layer (12) and the metal sandwich structure of the restraint layer (13), such that the metal strips (14.1, 14.2, ...) are adhesively bonded to the metal sandwich structure, especially with a polyurethane adhesive (15).

11. Floor structure according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the coverage of the metal strips (14.1, 14.2, ...) is 5-50%, especially 1-30%, of the total surface area of ​​the insulating layer (12).

12. Floor structure according to any of claims 9-11, wherein the metal strips (14.1, 14.2, ...) are arranged such that adjacent individual plates (13.1, 13.2, ...) having a metallic sandwich structure are connected by at least one metallic strip (14.1, 14.2, ...).

13. Floor structure according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one intermediate layer (30) is disposed between the support element (11) and the insulating layer (12), wherein the intermediate layer (30) is selected from a primer, a mortar, and / or metal tiles.

14. Floor structure according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one cover layer (20) is disposed on top of the restraint layer (13), wherein the cover layer (20) is preferably selected from organic resins and tiles.

15. A vehicle, a building, and / or a marine installation, especially a ship, comprising a floor structure (10, 10', 10") according to any of claims 1-14. 16.Use of a floor structure (10, 10', 10") according to any of claims 1-14 for sound damping, in particular in a vehicle, a building and / or a marine installation, especially on a ship, and / or use of the floor structure (10, 10', 10") in a fire protection system, in particular as a firebreak and / or fire barrier, in particular in a vehicle, a building and / or a marine installation, especially on a ship.

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