Door lock device

ES3078542T3Undetermined Publication Date: 2026-09-14GILGEN DOOR SYSTEMS AG (100 00)
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Patent Information

Application Number
ES2022835234T
Authority / Receiving Office
ES · ES
Patent Type
Patents
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2022-12-08
Publication Date
2026-09-14
Estimated Expiration
2042-12-08

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Abstract

The invention relates to a locking device (1) for a door, particularly a sliding door (10), comprising at least one leaf (11). The locking device has a housing (2) and a locking element (5) housed in the housing (2) and used to lock and unlock the leaf (11) in the closed or open position. The locking element (5) can slide in a sliding direction (V) and tilt about a rotation axis (R1) with respect to the housing (2) to allow the leaf (11) to be locked and unlocked alternately by both sliding and tilting the locking element (5). The invention also relates to a door, particularly a sliding door (10), comprising said locking device (1).
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Description

Door lock device Technical field The present invention relates to a locking device for a door, particularly a sliding door, with at least one door leaf that can be locked or unlocked. The invention further relates to a door with said locking device. State of the art Sliding doors with at least one, and often two, sliding door leaves have been around for some time. The door leaf or leaves typically move perpendicular to the direction of passage, allowing a passage to be opened or closed, for example, through an opening in a building wall. Automatic sliding doors are particularly common; these do not require manual movement to open and close, but are operated by a motor. A presence sensor can be installed on either side of the sliding door to trigger its automatic opening as soon as someone approaches. In many sliding doors used today, it is desirable that the door can be locked in the closed position, so that, for example, unauthorized access can be prevented at certain times. For this purpose, appropriate locking devices are provided, which, in the current state of the art, come in a wide variety of configurations. Publication CN 102127994 A, for example, describes a locking device that features a locking lever with hook-shaped ends, which can be pivoted to unlock the door. This pivoting can be performed automatically by means of an electromagnet or manually by means of a cable. The locking device described in publication CN 211691917 U features an electromagnet that can be used to lower a locking element towards the door leaves to lock them or to raise it to unlock them. Manual unlocking is possible using a release pin that raises the locking element. Publication FR 2919885 A1 describes a locking device with an electromagnet, whereby a locking element can be moved towards the door leaves, counteracting the force of a spring, to lock the door. As it moves, a metal disc makes contact with a suction cup, thus maintaining the lock even after the electromagnet is switched off. In the event of a power failure, the lock can be released manually using a cable attached to the locking element. Publication DE 19835678 A1 describes an electric locking device for sliding door leaves, in which a locking element can be pivoted between an open and a closed position. This can be achieved by manually unlocking it by turning an actuating knob attached to the locking element via a shaft. Alternatively, unlocking and locking can also be performed by an electromagnet, which similarly causes the latch to rotate. US patent 4,702,095 A describes a door lock with a locking element that can be rotated by a motor on one side and axially moved by an actuating lever on the other. This allows for manual unlocking even in the event of a power outage. EP 2514891 A1 describes a locking device for electrical appliances, in which a locking slide can be moved linearly by means of an actuator and a threaded rod to move from an open position to a closed position. Manual emergency release is possible by moving a rotary locking device, allowing the locking slide to be rotated. One disadvantage of the locking devices mentioned above is that, in the event of a power outage, the locking element remains in its current position. This can be disastrous, for example, in the event of a power outage caused by a fire, as the door must then be locked, for instance, to prevent the fire from spreading, or automatically opened to allow escapees to pass. However, automatic opening or closing of the door by means of a motorized drive or a purely mechanical emergency drive, such as a spring-loaded one, can only occur if the locking device permits it. Furthermore, the aforementioned locking devices have the disadvantage that, in the event of a malfunction, particularly a jamming of the electrotechnical or manual operating part, the other part also becomes locked. This can lead to a situation where the door can no longer be opened, even in an emergency. Furthermore, many prior art locking devices have a relatively complicated structure and consist of a large number of components, which complicates not only manufacturing but also, for example, subsequent installation or replacement. Description of the invention An objective of the present invention is to provide a door locking device that is easy to manufacture and flexible to use. Preferably, the locking device should allow for both automatic and manual locking and unlocking and, furthermore, be able to adopt a predefined state in the event of a power failure. To achieve this objective, a locking device is proposed as indicated in claim 1. Furthermore, claim 13 describes a door with such a locking device. Other embodiments are described in the dependent claims. The present invention therefore provides a locking device for a door, in particular for a sliding door, with at least one door leaf, comprising a piece of casing, a locking element held by the housing piece, which serves to lock and unlock at least one door leaf in a closed or open position. The locking element is displaceable relative to the housing piece both along a displacement direction and pivotable around a rotation axis, to allow the locking and unlocking of at least one door leaf alternately by both displacement and pivoting of the locking element. Furthermore, the locking device includes a compression spring and a displacement device for displacing the locking element along the displacement direction against the compressive force of the compression spring, and / or the locking device includes a torsion spring and a pivoting device for pivoting the locking element around the rotation axis against the torsional force of the torsion spring. With the specified locking device, there are therefore at least two alternative ways to lock and unlock the door leaf(s). On the one hand, the locking element can be moved along the direction of travel, and on the other hand, it can be pivoted around its axis of rotation. This allows the locking device to be manufactured in a particularly simple yet highly flexible manner. In particular, the movement and pivoting of the locking element can be adapted for different locking and unlocking purposes. For example, an automatic locking and unlocking system, i.e., one based on electrotechnical, pneumatic, or hydraulic systems, can cause the locking element to move, while a manual locking and unlocking mechanism can cause the locking element to pivot, or vice versa.This makes it particularly easy to design the locking device so that, in the event of an unexpected power outage, it assumes a predetermined state, specifically a locked or unlocked state. For example, elastic elements and / or retention elements, such as extreme position magnets, can be incorporated to either place the locking element in the desired predetermined position or hold it in its current position in the event of a power outage. Due to the two degrees of freedom of the locking element—displacement and tilting—it is also possible, for example, to decouple the automatic locking and unlocking mechanism (i.e., those based on electrotechnics) from the manually operated locking and unlocking mechanism. In this way, a malfunction, such as the jamming of one part (operating mechanism or manual mechanism), does not necessarily cause the other part to become locked. It is preferable that locking and unlocking be possible, on the one hand, by a simple displacement of the locking element and, on the other hand, by a simple tilting of the locking element. The axis of rotation around which the locking element can pivot preferably extends parallel to the direction of travel and, advantageously, through the housing. It is particularly preferred that the axis of rotation be defined by a bar-shaped element around which the locking element can pivot, i.e., rotate. The bar-shaped element is preferably a push bar, which can be displaced along its longitudinal direction to thereby displace the locking element along the direction of travel. This makes manufacturing the locking device particularly simple. The door is preferably a sliding door, and the locking element, even more preferably, serves to firmly connect the two leaves of the sliding door to each other for the purpose of locking it.For this purpose, the locking element preferably includes a clamp-shaped element, particularly a C-shape, which, when locked, acts as a stop for each of the stop elements attached to the corresponding door leaf. In other words, when locked, the stop elements of both door leaves are positioned along the opening direction of the sliding door leaves, preferably within the clamp-shaped element, preventing them from separating. Thus, the two door leaves cannot be separated; the sliding door is locked. The stop elements of the two leaves of the door can be, for example, elements that protrude upwards or in the direction of passage, such as hooks, bolts, pins or blocks, which preferably have a stop surface oriented in the direction of opening, which, in the locked state, serves to stop against the locking element. Of course, the locking device can also be used to lock a single-leaf sliding door. The locking device, which in other embodiments is also preferably fixed, can then, when locked, act as a stop for the single leaf of the door, preventing it from moving. In a sliding door with two leaves, the locking element preferably forms two or more stops, in particular exactly two stops, which serve to prevent the door leaves from moving when locked. In a sliding door with a single leaf, the locking element preferably forms one or more such stops, in particular exactly one such stop. However, the door does not necessarily have to be a sliding door, although this is preferable. Thus, the locking device described can also be used, for example, on hinged or revolving doors. In the case of a sliding door, at least one door leaf is preferably movable in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the door's passage, that is, along the wall forming the door opening, to lock or unlock the door. The locking element is preferably used to lock and unlock at least one door leaf in a closed position. This means that, when locked, the locking element is designed to prevent the opening of at least one door leaf for the purpose of unlocking it. However, in certain embodiments, it is also conceivable, in principle, that the locking element could be used to lock and unlock at least one door leaf in an open position. In that case, when locked, the locking element would prevent the closing of at least one door leaf. The direction of travel, along which the locking element can move forward and backward relative to the housing, preferably fixed, is preferably parallel to the door's swing direction. Furthermore, the direction of travel is advantageously perpendicular to the direction along which at least one door leaf can move to close or unlock the door opening. In a preferred embodiment, the torsion spring exerts a torsional force directed around the axis of rotation on the locking element, in order to maintain the locking element in a state that locks or unlocks at least one door leaf. The torsional force exerted by the torsion spring serves, in particular and preferably, to maintain the locking element in the locked state and / or to bring it to that state. In this way, the locking element can pivot, overcoming the torsional force and bringing it to the unlocked state. In a preferred embodiment, the compression spring exerts a compressive force on the locking element to maintain the locking element in a state that locks or unlocks at least one door leaf and / or to bring the locking element to one of these states. Therefore, the compression spring preferably exerts a corresponding compressive force on the locking element. The compression spring preferably serves to move the locking element along the direction of travel and / or to hold it in position along the direction of travel. The compression spring can serve to ensure the predefined state of the locking device and, in particular, of the locking element in the event of an unexpected power outage. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the locking device features a combined compression and torsion spring, which exerts both a compressive and a torsional force on the locking element to maintain it in a state that locks or unlocks at least one door leaf. The combined compression and torsion spring, which may be configured, in particular, as a coil spring, thus advantageously performs both the compression and torsion functions mentioned above. It is preferable that the locking element be able to pivot around the axis of rotation to unlock at least one door leaf, counteracting the torsional force exerted on the locking element by the combined compression and torsion spring. The torsional force exerted by the combined compression and torsion spring thus keeps the locking element preferably in a locked position. Furthermore, it is preferable that the locking element, in order to unlock at least one door leaf, can move along the direction of movement against the compressive force exerted by the combined compression and torsion spring. Depending on the embodiment, it may be preferable for the locking device to be designed to maintain its previously unlocked or locked state in the event of a power outage, or to adopt a predetermined state. If the previously adopted state is to be maintained, one or more retaining elements are provided, such as one or more end-position magnets, which hold the locking element in its current position, even in the event of a power outage. The end-position magnets may, in particular, be permanent magnets. The compressive force exerted by the compression spring, particularly the combined compression and torsion spring, can be used to maintain the locking element in the locked position and / or to return it to the locked position in the event of a power outage. In the event of a power outage, the locking element can automatically return to the locked position thanks to the spring force. However, in other embodiments, it may also be preferable for the locking element to be movable along the direction of travel to lock at least one door leaf against the compressive force exerted by the combined compression and torsion spring. The compressive force exerted by the compression spring, particularly the combined compression and torsion spring, can be used to keep the locking element in an unlocked state and / or to return it to a locked state in the event of a power outage. In the event of a power outage, the locking element can automatically return to the unlocked state thanks to the spring force. To move the locking element against the compressive force of a compression spring, particularly a compression and torsion spring, the locking mechanism also includes a displacement device. This displacement device is preferably an electromagnetic displacement device. Specifically, it may include a lifting magnet. With the aid of a lifting magnet, moving the locking element can be accomplished particularly easily. Alternatively, another electromagnetic element can be used instead of a lifting magnet. The displacement device can preferably be activated in such a way as to bring the locking device to an unlocked and / or locked state. In the case of an electromagnetic displacement device, it is preferably activated in such a way that current flows through the wires and, in particular, through the windings, for example, of a magnet and, in particular, of a lifting magnet. To change the state of the displacement device from "unlocked" to "locked" or vice versa, a current can be briefly applied to the electromagnetic displacement device, in particular to the lifting magnet. To move the displacement device in the opposite direction, depending on the embodiment, the return force of a spring can be utilized, for example, and / or the displacement device can be subjected to a current with a reverse voltage.The electromagnetic displacement device may have one or more retention elements, preferably one or more extreme position magnets, to hold the device in position even when it is not activated. Alternatively, the retention elements could be, for example, one or more suction cups. In other embodiments, the displacement device may have an activated state in which it holds the locking element in an unlocked state. In the case of an electromagnetic displacement device, the activated state is preferably reached when a current flows through the current cables and, in particular, the windings, for example, of a magnet, and, in particular, a lifting magnet. In the event of a power outage, the locking element then moves, preferably due to the compressive force exerted by a compression spring, to a position in which it locks at least one door leaf. In other embodiments, the displacement device may also have an activated state in which it holds the locking element in the locked position. In the case of an electromagnetic displacement device, the activated state is preferably adopted when current flows through the electrical wires and, in particular, through the windings of, for example, a magnet, and, in particular, a lifting magnet. In the event of a power outage, the locking element then moves, preferably due to the compressive force exerted by a compression spring, to a position in which it unlocks at least one door leaf. To cause the locking element to pivot against the torsional force of a torsion spring, particularly a compression and torsion spring, the locking device also includes a tilting mechanism. The tilting mechanism is preferably a purely mechanical device, meaning it is designed to tilt the locking element by means of a purely mechanical actuation. The tilting mechanism is preferably manually operated by a user, allowing the user to manually lock or unlock the door. The tilting device advantageously features an actuating element that can be moved by a user to tilt the locking element, thereby unlocking or locking at least one door leaf. Advantageously, the actuating element is subjected to the action of at least one elastic element, which acts in the direction of a standard position with an elastic force. The actuating element is preferably capable of pivoting about a second axis of rotation, which extends perpendicularly to the first axis of rotation, and about which the locking element can pivot. Particularly preferred, the second axis of rotation is defined by a bar-shaped element about which the actuating element is able to pivot, i.e., is rotatable. In principle, it is possible for the locking element to be automatically moved by a moving device and manually tilted by a user, or for the locking element to be automatically tilted by a tilting device and manually moved by a user. Automatic movement or tilting means that the locking element is moved or tilted by means of a technical device, such as a lifting magnet or a hydraulic drive. This contrasts with manual movement or tilting, in which the locking element is moved or tilted by muscle power, although this may be assisted, for example, by a spring. To allow the locking element to tilt or move manually, at least one Bowden cable is preferably provided. The locking element preferably comprises one or more engagement elements, in particular one or more engagement pins, each extending parallel to the direction of travel and, when locked, engaging with one or more locking hooks fixed to the door leaf(s). The locking hook(s) are preferably designed to engage the locking element in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel. Depending on the embodiment, the engagement pin(s) may be detachably fixed to the remaining portion of the locking element or molded as a single piece with it. The bolt hook(s) preferably each have an inclined surface which, when the corresponding door leaf is closed or opened, acts as a stop against the bolt element, causing it to pivot. Preferably, the inclined surface(s) make contact with the bolt element during the closing (or opening) of the door, thus causing it to pivot. However, as soon as the door is fully closed (or open), the bolt element rotates back, for example, due to the force of a spring, so that the bolt hooks engage with it. The locking element(s) may preferably be selectively arranged on the locking element such that, in relation to the direction of travel, they extend outwards from either the front or the rear of the locking element. This optional arrangement of the locking element(s) on the locking element offers the advantage that the locking device can be easily adapted in the event of a power outage. Depending on whether the locking element(s) extend in one direction or the other, the locking device can be assumed to be either locked or unlocked in a standardized manner in the event of a power outage. Preferably, one or more drill holes are provided in the locking element for this purpose, into which the locking element(s) can be screwed from either side.The locking element preferably has a general plate shape. The locking mechanism preferably has a compact overall configuration. It is advantageous that at least the locking element and, if present, the travel and / or tilting mechanism are fixed to or within the housing piece, so that the locking mechanism can preferably be mounted solely by attaching the housing piece to the door. The locking mechanism may, in particular, have an essentially parallelepiped or cubic configuration as a whole; that is, the housing piece, the locking element, and, if present, the travel and / or tilting mechanism together, with their respective outer surfaces or edges, define the approximate shape of a parallelepiped or a cube. The present invention further relates to a door, in particular a sliding door, with at least one door leaf, as well as a locking device as described above, for locking said door leaf in a closed or open position. Brief description of the drawings The following are preferred embodiments of the invention, illustrated with drawings that are for illustrative purposes only and should not be interpreted in a limiting manner. The drawings show: Fig. 1 a perspective view of a locking device according to the invention, from the oblique rear top; Fig. 2 a plan view of the locking device of Fig. 1 from the front, in the locked state, i.e., with the locking hooks engaged in it, each of them fixed to a door leaf; Fig. 3 a plan view of the locking device of Fig. 1 from above, in the locked state; Fig. 4 a partial exploded perspective view of the bolt device of Fig. 1 from an oblique perspective from the rear top; Fig. 5 a perspective view of a part of the bolt device of Fig. 1 from an oblique perspective from the oblique front top; Fig. 6 a perspective view, exploded, of the bolt device part of Fig. 5 from an oblique perspective from the oblique front top; Fig. 7 a perspective view of the bolt device part of Fig. 5 from the oblique front top, with a modified bolt element; Fig. 8 a perspective view, exploded, of the bolt device part of Fig. 7 from the oblique front top; Fig.9a a plan view of the locking device of Fig.1 from the front, in the unlocked state, with the door at least partially open, from the front (top) and from the top (bottom); Fig.9b a plan view of the locking device of Fig.9a from the front, in the unlocked state, when closing the door, from the front (top) and from the top (bottom); Fig.9c a top view of the bolt device of Fig. 9a from the front, in the bolted state, with the door closed, from the front (top) and from the top (bottom); Fig.10a a plan view of the locking device of Fig.1 from the front, in the locked state, with the door at least partially open, from the front (top) and from the top (bottom); Fig.10b a plan view of the locking device of Fig.10a from the front, when closing the door, from the front (top) and from the top (bottom); Fig.10c a plan view of the locking device of Fig.10a from the front, in the locked state, with the door closed, from the front (top) and from the top (bottom); Fig.11a a plan view of the locking device of Fig.1, in the unlocked state by manual operation, from the side; Fig.11b a plan view of the locking device of Fig.11a from the front; Fig.11c a plan view of the locking device of Fig.11a from the top; Fig. 12 a schematic view of a sliding door with the locking device of Fig. 1 from the front; Fig. 13 a perspective view of a locking device according to the invention, according to another embodiment, from the oblique rear top; as well as Fig. 14 A perspective view of the locking device of Fig. 13 from the oblique front top. Description of preferred embodiments Figures 1 to 11c show one embodiment of the invention of a locking device 1 in different views and states. Figure 12 shows a sliding door with such a locking device. Figures 13 and 14 show another embodiment of a locking device 1, also according to the invention. Elements having the same or similar operation that appear two or more times are identified below with the same reference symbols. Location and direction indications such as top, bottom, vertical, horizontal, upwards, downwards, etc., hereafter refer to the locking mechanism, which is appropriately mounted on a door, particularly a sliding door. The suspension mechanism is then usually positioned above the door leaf or leaves with respect to the direction of gravity and, as a rule, is mounted on a wall or a fixed part of the door. Position and direction indications such as front, forward, rear, and backward each refer to the locking mechanism mounted as intended, in which case the locking mechanism elements closest to the wall are at the front, and the locking mechanism elements farthest from the wall are at the rear. Figures 1 to 3 show a locking device 1 in the locked position with the door closed. The locking device 1 can be used, in particular, on a double-leaf sliding door 10, as shown in Figure 12. The locking device 1 is centered and fixed to the upper edge of the door opening and serves to lock the two door leaves 11 together, each of which is movable in the closing direction (along the direction of the arrow in Figure 12, i.e., perpendicular to the door opening), when they are in the closed position. As can be seen, in particular, from Figures 1, 2, and 3, the locking device 1 comprises a housing piece 2, which is preferably made entirely from a single piece, for example, from sheet metal. The housing piece 2 defines, downwards and to two opposite sides, as well as forwards by means of a retaining tab 23, an interior space of the locking device 1, in which are housed, in particular, a locking element 5, a combined compression and torsion spring 6, a displacement device, and a tilting device. The housing piece 2 comprises a base plate 21, which is generally flat and forms a bottom that defines the interior space of the locking device 1. Towards two opposite sides, the base plate 21 transitions into a side plate 25. The two side plates 25 each extend vertically upwards from the outer lateral edge of the base plate 21.At the upper end of both side plates 25, a fixing tab 26 extends vertically outwards. Each side plate 25 has a through-hole 27 for attaching the locking device 1 to a fixed element of the door or to an element anchored in a wall. On the side plates 25, at the same height, i.e., opposite each other, a through hole 28 has been formed, which serves to hold a swivel bar 4. The base plate 21 has several holes which serve to fix the displacement device. Towards the front, the base plate 21 becomes a projecting part of plate 22, which extends the base plate 21 beyond the area laterally delimited by the side plates 25. From the front edge of the projecting part of plate 22, a retaining tab 23 extends upwards to approximately half the height of the side plates 25. A central through-hole 24 is formed in the retaining tab 23, which serves to guide a push bar 71. As can be seen in Figures 5 and 6, the retaining tab 23, positioned to one side—in this case to the right in the front view (Figure 2)—becomes a support element 29 that projects laterally from it. A displacement device is mounted on the base plate 21 of housing part 2, which is clearly visible, in particular, in Figures 4 to 6. The displacement device comprises a lifting magnet 7, a push bar 71, a stop element 72, and a bearing ring 73. The lifting magnet 7, fixed to the base plate 21, serves to move the push bar 71, which is attached to it, back and forth along its longitudinal direction, i.e., along a displacement direction V. The displacement direction V is marked in Figures 3 and 5 with a double arrow.The lifting magnet 7 is a known electrotechnical component which, when activated (i.e., when an electric current is connected), exerts a linear force on the push bar 71 fixed to it and thereby attracts the push bar 71 along its longitudinal extension (i.e., along the displacement direction V), against the compressive force exerted by the combined compression and torsion spring 6 on the locking element 5 and, consequently, also on the push bar 71. The lifting magnet 7 has end-position magnets, not visible in the figures, to hold the lifting magnet 7 (and, consequently, the push bar 71 and the locking element 5) in its position when it is deactivated after displacement. To move the push bar 71 and the locking element 5 forward along the displacement direction V, i.e., away from the lifting magnet 7, a reverse polarity voltage is applied to the lifting magnet 7, so that it exerts a forward force on the push bar 71 and the locking element 5 along the displacement direction V. The forward displacement of the locking element 5 is further aided by the return force of the combined compression and torsion spring 6, so that the pulling force exerted by the extreme position magnet is completely overcome. At its front end, the push bar 71 extends through the through-hole 24 provided in the retaining tab 23. This allows the push bar 71 to be guided laterally during its forward and backward movement. To improve guidance, a bearing ring 73 can be arranged in the through-hole 24, as shown here. At the front, but behind the through-hole 24, the push bar 71 has a surrounding groove into which a stop element 72 is press-fitted. A locking element 5 is attached to the push bar 71 in such a way that it can pivot around the push bar 71. In other words, the locking element 5 is fixed to the push bar 71 so that it can rotate about a first axis of rotation R1, which extends along the longitudinal direction of the push bar 71 and thus along the displacement direction V. The locking element 5 is a single-piece, fully flat, plate-like structure with a wide lower portion, a narrow connecting portion, and a wide upper portion. The wide upper portion consists of two outwardly extending drive wings 54, separated laterally from each other. A central through-hole 51 is located in the wide lower portion, through which the push bar 71 extends. A through-hole 53 is provided on each side of the through-hole 51.In each of the holes 53, a latching pin 52 is screwed or press-fitted, so that it protrudes forward from the locking element 5. Alternatively, it is also possible to mount the locking element 5 rotated 180° on the push bar 71, so that the locking pins 52 protrude from the locking element 5 to the rear instead of the front. This modification of the locking element 5 is shown in Figures 7 and 8. Instead of rotating the entire locking element 5, it would also be possible, as an alternative, to position the locking pins 52 on the opposite side of it. The variant of the placement of the locking pins 52 on the locking element 5, shown in Figures 5 and 6, is intended for use on a sliding door 10 that must be locked in the standard manner in the event of a power failure. Due to the power failure, the lifting magnet 7 is deactivated, and the locking element 5 is therefore automatically moved forward by the combined compression and torsion spring 6.In this way, the locking pins 52 are positioned at the height of the latch hooks 9, which engage with them when the sliding door 10 is closed, as shown in figures 2 and 3. In this way, the sliding door 10 is locked. The variant shown in Figures 7 and 8, on the other hand, is intended for a sliding door 10 that is to be automatically unlocked in the event of a power failure. In this case as well, the lifting magnet 7 is deactivated in the event of a power failure, and the locking element 5 is therefore moved forward by the combined compression and torsion spring 6. However, this causes the locking pins 52 to move forward, out of the plane of the locking hooks 9. Thus, the locking hooks 9 can no longer engage the locking pins 52, and the sliding door 10 is therefore unlocked. The function of whether the sliding door 10 is to be automatically locked or unlocked by the locking device 1 in the event of a power failure can therefore be easily and flexibly changed by rotating the locking element 5. The push bar 71 runs partially within a combined compression and torsion spring 6, which with its first end forms a rear stop in the lifting magnet housing 7 and with its second end a front stop in the locking element 5. The combined compression and torsion spring 6 thus exerts a forward-directed compressive force on the locking element 5, along the displacement direction V. In this way, the compression and torsion spring 6 presses the locking element 5 against the stop element 72 fixed to the push bar 71. However, the combined compression and torsion spring 6 not only exerts pressure on the locking element 5 but also applies a torsional force to it. In the front view (Figure 2), this torsional force is directed clockwise. To exert the compression and torsional force, the combined compression and torsion spring 6 is attached to the lifting magnet 7 and the locking element 5 with the appropriate pretension. Due to the torsional force exerted by the combined compression and torsion spring 6, the locking element 5 rotates clockwise against the retaining tab 23 until one of the locking pins 52 rests on the support element 29 (see Figure 2). In this position, the drive wings 54 of the locking element 5 extend horizontally outwards. The locking element 5, with its hook pins 52, serves primarily to lock the two leaves 11 of the sliding door 10 (Figure 12) when closed. For this purpose, each of the door leaves 11 has a locking hook 9, designed to engage with one of the hook pins 52. Preferably, as shown in Figure 2, one of the locking hooks 9 has a downward-projecting end hook and the other an upward-projecting end hook. In a horizontal cross-section view, the bolt element 5, with its two hook pins 52, forms a clamp or C-shaped element, which serves to keep the two door leaves 11 closed together, so that the bolt hooks 9, fixed respectively to the door leaves 11, hook onto the bolt element 5 from opposite sides, as can be seen, for example, in figure 3.Thus, the two door leaves 11 can no longer be separated and are therefore locked by the bolt element 5. As clearly visible in Figure 2, the latch hooks 9 have an inclined surface 91 at their end hooks. These inclined surfaces 91 allow each door leaf 11 to stop against one of the locking pins 52 when closed, thus pivoting the latch element 5. This is particularly evident in Figures 10a and 10b, specifically in the upper view of each. As the latch element 5 pivots against the torsional force exerted by the combined compression and torsion spring 6, the latch hooks 9 can move horizontally, past the locking pins 52, towards each other.As soon as the end hooks have passed the latching pins 52 and the door leaves 11 rest against each other with their main closing edges in the closed position, the locking element 5 pivots back to its initial position, as shown in Figure 10c in the image above. In doing so, the latching pins 52 are engaged from behind by the locking hooks 9, so that the sliding door 10 is not only closed but also locked. The pivot bar 4 extends through the two through holes 28 provided in the side plates 25 and thus in a direction perpendicular to the displacement direction V. At their respective end areas, the pivot bar 4 has a surrounding groove into which a locking ring 41 fits, thus retaining the pivot bar 4 in the housing part 2. The pivot bar 4 serves to hold a release plate 3 in such a way that it can rotate around the pivot bar 4. In this way, the pivot bar 4 forms a second axis of rotation R2, around which the release plate 3 can rotate. The release plate 3 forms a tilting device that allows the locking element 5 to tilt. The unclogging plate 3 is formed as a single piece and is manufactured, for example, from sheet metal. It has a flat main section 31, from which a fixing tab 32 extends downwards and laterally by means of a fold. Each of the two fixing tabs has a passage opening 33 on the opposite side, through which the pivot bar 4 extends. In this way, the unclogging plate 3 is rotatably attached to the housing piece 2 by means of the pivot bar 4. As shown in Figure 4, the flat main section 31 also extends, at its front, on the right side viewed from the front, by means of a fold, to an actuating element 34, which extends vertically downwards from the main section 31. The actuating element 34, provided only on one side of the unclogging plate 3, projects slightly forwards with respect to the main section 31. In the area behind the fixing tabs 32, the main section 31 is somewhat wider and has an angled groove 35 on both sides. The angled grooves 35 extend continuously along the vertical direction through the release plate 3 and, along the horizontal direction, from the side edge of the main section 31 slightly inwards and then vertically backwards. To manually tilt the locking element 5, a Bowden cable 8 is provided, which is clearly visible, in particular, in Figure 4. The Bowden cable 8 consists of two parts; that is, it is designed with two identical pieces. The Bowden cable 8 is used for the manual unlocking of the locking device 5. For example, one part of the Bowden cable 8 can be used for manual unlocking from one side of the door, and the other part for manual unlocking from the other side. In another embodiment, it would be perfectly possible to design the Bowden cable 8 as a single piece. For simplicity, the design of the Bowden cable 8 is explained below, using only one of these two parts as an example: The Bowden cable 8 has an inner wire 81 that runs essentially inside a sleeve 82 and serves to transmit tensile forces. In other embodiments, the sleeve 82 may be designed to resist pressure, so that the Bowden cable 8 also serves to transmit compressive forces. The sleeve 82 terminates a certain distance below the housing piece 2. The inner wire 81 extends through an opening provided in the base plate 21 of the housing piece 2 and, from there, vertically to the release plate 3. Thus, the inner wire 81 extends, in particular, perpendicular to the second axis of rotation R2. In the area of ​​its upper end, the inner wire 81 passes through one of the angled slots 35 provided in the release plate 3. Immediately above the angled slot 35, an end clamp 88 is attached to the inner wire 81. In the area of ​​the hole provided in the base plate 21, the inner wire 81 extends through a threaded sleeve 82. The threaded sleeve 82 has an external thread, onto which a first locking nut 85 and a second locking nut 86 are screwed. The two locking nuts 85 and 86 bear against the base plate 21 from opposite sides and thus secure the threaded sleeve 82 to the housing piece 2. On its lower portion, the thread 83 has a stop element 84 that projects radially around its entire perimeter, against which the sleeve 82 rests downwards. In the area between the housing piece 2 and the release plate 3, the inner wire 81 passes through a coil spring 87 in a longitudinal, transverse direction. The spiral spring 87 rests with its lower end on the second fixing nut 86 and with its upper end on the lower face of the unjamming plate 3. The coil spring 87 is a compression spring that exerts an upward force on the release plate 3. Due to the rotating support of the release plate 3 on the pivot bar 4, the drive element 34 is pushed downwards. The operation of the locking device 1 is described below with the help of figures 9a to 9c, 10a to 10c and 11a to 11c, where figures 9a to 9c represent automatic locking and unlocking, figures 10a to 10c represent automatic locking in case of power failure and figures 11a to 11c represent manual locking and unlocking: Figure 9a shows the situation with the sliding door 10 open and the locking device 1 unlocked. To reach this state, the lifting magnet 7 has been previously activated, so that the latch element 5 is attracted towards the lifting magnet 7 through the push bar 71, contrary to the compressive force exerted by the combined compression and torsion spring 6. In the unlocking state of figure 9a, the lifting magnet 7 is deactivated and the latch element 5 is held in position by an extreme position magnet not shown in the figures.The attractive force exerted by the extreme-position magnet on the locking element 5 thus overcomes the compressive and torsional force 6 exerted on the locking element 5. As can be seen in the lower part of Figures 9a and 9b, in this position of the locking element 5, the latch pins 52 are outside the plane of the locking hooks 9, and therefore the door leaves 11 are unlocked. Similarly, when the sliding door 10 is closed, the locking hooks 9 do not engage the latch pins 52 (Figure 9b). However, if it is desired to lock the sliding door 10 with the door leaves 11 in the closed position, a reverse tension is applied to the lifting magnet 7, so that it exerts a forward force on the push bar 71.Thus, with the additional support of the combined compression and torsion spring 6, the locking element 5 moves forward, so that the latching pins 52 are positioned in the plane of the locking hooks 9, as shown in Figure 9c. Since the locking hooks 9 engage the latching pins 52, the door leaves 11 can no longer be separated and are therefore locked. Once the locking element 5 reaches the locked position shown in Figure 9c, the lifting magnet 7 can be deactivated. The locking element 5 is then held in position by the compressive force exerted by the combined compression and torsion spring 6, and, if necessary, by the assistance of another end-position magnet. Figure 10a shows the situation with the sliding door 10 open and the locking device 1 locked. The lifting magnet 7 is deactivated here, which could be due to a power outage, but also, for example, to a command from a control system to automatically lock the sliding door 10, for example, at night after closing. Since the lifting magnet 7 thus exerts no force on the locking element 5, it is displaced forward by the combined compression and torsion spring 6, so that the locking pins 52 are positioned in the plane of the locking hooks 9 (Figure 10a, bottom).If the door leaves 11 are then moved towards each other, for example manually or automatically by means of an actuator (for example, activated by a controller), i.e., in the direction of a position that closes the door opening, the latch hooks 9 abut with their inclined surfaces 91 from the outside against the latch pins 52. Due to the inclined surfaces 91, the latch pins 52 are pushed down or up, as shown in Figure 10b above, causing the latch element 5 to tilt against the torsional force exerted by the combined compression and torsion spring 6.As soon as the door leaves 11 rest against each other with their main closing edges and the bolt hooks 9, with their end hooks, have thus passed through the engagement pins, the bolt element 5 is rotated by the combined compression and torsion spring 6 back to its initial position, as shown in Figure 10c. The bolt hooks 9 are then engaged in the engagement pins 52, so that the bolt device 1 prevents the sliding door 10 from opening. The door leaves 11 can no longer be separated and are therefore locked. The manual unlocking and latching mechanisms shown in Figures 11a to 11c can be used, for example, to manually unlock a latched sliding door 10 in case of emergency or malfunction. To do this, the user pulls down by hand on the inner wire 81 of the Bowden cable 8. This causes the rear of the release plate 3 to be pulled, by the end clamp 88, against the elastic force exerted by the coil springs 88, so that the release plate 3, as shown in Figure 11a, rotates around the pivot bar 4. As the release plate 3 rotates, its actuating element 34 moves upwards.In doing so, the actuating element 34 abuts the underside of one of the two actuating wings 54 of the locking element 5 and lifts it, causing the locking element 5 to pivot around the push bar 71 against the torsional force exerted by the compression and torsion spring 6 (Figures 11a and 11b). As it pivots, the latching pins 52 disengage from the locking hooks 9, so that the door leaves 11 are unlocked and the sliding door 10 can be opened. As soon as the user releases the Bowden cable 8, the release plate 3 returns to its initial position due to the pressure exerted by the coil springs 87. Due to the torsional force exerted by the compression and torsion spring 6, the locking element 5 also pivots back to its basic position.If it is desired to close and lock the sliding door 10 again after opening it, this can be done simply by closing the door leaves 11 by hand. The locking hooks 9 then strike the locking element 5, as shown in Figures 10a to 10c, causing it to pivot and finally engage again in the locking pins 52. In this way, even in the event of a power outage, it is possible to manually unlock and lock the sliding door 10. Figures 13 and 14 show another embodiment of the locking device 1, also according to the invention. Unlike the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 11c, the locking device 1 in Figures 13 and 14 has a locking element 5 in which the locking pins 52 are joined as a single piece with the rest of the locking element 5; that is, the locking element 5 is formed as a single piece. Otherwise, the embodiment shown in Figures 13 and 14 corresponds, in terms of its operation, to that of Figures 1 to 11c, although certain elements, and in particular parts thereof, differ from those of the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 11c, particularly with regard to their dimensions. The bolt device 1 of Figures 13 and 14 is also suitable for use on a sliding door 10, as shown in Figure 12. The foregoing invention is not, of course, limited to the embodiments presented herein, and numerous modifications are possible. For example, it would be conceivable to provide, instead of a lifting magnet, another drive, such as a hydraulic or pneumatic drive or an electric rotary drive, to move the push bar 71. In other embodiments, the moving device would not even have to be a mechanically driven device, but could also be manually operated. It would also be conceivable to provide, instead of the Bowden cable 8, for example, an electrically controlled drive. The roles of the manual and mechanical drives for locking and unlocking could therefore be perfectly interchangeable.It would also be possible to provide a locking device according to the invention in which both the movement and tilting of the locking element are achieved by electrical actuation or purely manually by muscle power. Furthermore, the configuration of the locking element and its attachment to the housing can be entirely different in other embodiments. A wide variety of further modifications are possible. List of reference signs 1 Locking device 6 Combined compression and torsion spring 2 Housing piece 21 Motherboard 22 Protruding part of plate 7 Lifting magnet 23 Retaining tab 71 Push bar 24 Through hole 72 Stop element 25 Side plate 73 Bearing ring 26 Fixing tab 27 Mounting hole 8 Bowden cable 28 Through hole 81 Inner wire 29 Support element 82 Bushing 83 Threaded bushing 3 Unblocking plate 84 Stop element 31 Main section 85 First fixing nut 32 Fixing tab 86 Second fixing nut 33 Through hole 87 Coil spring 34 Actuating element 88 End clamp 35 Angled slot 9 Latch hook 4 Swivel bar 91 Inclined surface 41 Fixing ring 10 Sliding door 5 Locking element 11 Door leaf 51 Passage opening 52 R1 Locking Pin First Rotation Axis 53 Hole R2 Second axis of rotation 54 Drive blade V Direction of travel

Claims

1. A locking device (1) for a door, in particular for a sliding door (10), having at least one door leaf (11), comprising a housing piece (2), a locking element (5) held by the housing piece (2), which serves to lock and unlock the at least one door leaf (11) in a closed or open position, the locking element (5) being displaceable relative to the housing piece (2) both along a displacement direction (V) and also capable of pivoting about a rotation axis (R1), to allow the locking and unlocking of the at least one door leaf (11) alternatively by both displacement and pivoting of the locking element (5), characterized in that the locking device comprises a compression spring (6), as well as a displacement device,for displacing the locking element (5) along the displacement direction (V) against the compressive force of the compression spring (6), and / or the locking device comprises a torsion spring (6), as well as a tilting device (3) for the locking element (5) to tilt about the axis of rotation (R1) against the torsional force of the torsion spring (6).

2. Locking device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the displacement device comprises a lifting magnet (7).

3. Locking device (1) according to claim 2, wherein the displacement device (7) has an engaged state in which the displacement device (7) holds the locking element (5) in an unlocked or locked state.

4. Locking device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims,wherein the compression spring and the torsion spring are formed by a combined compression and torsion spring (6).

5. Locking device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the tilting device (3) has an actuating element (34) that can rotate about a second axis of rotation (R2), which extends perpendicularly to the first axis of rotation (R1) about which the locking element (5) can tilt.

6. Locking device (1) according to claim 4, wherein the combined compression and torsion spring (6) is designed to exert on the locking element (5) a compressive force along the direction of displacement (V), as well as a torsional force about the axis of rotation (R1).preferably for maintaining the locking element (5) in a state that locks or unlocks at least one door leaf (11).

7. Locking device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising one or more retaining elements, in particular one or more extreme position magnets, for maintaining the locking element (5) in an unlocked and / or locked state.

8. Locking device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the locking element (5) can be automatically moved by means of a displacement device (7) and can be manually tilted by a user, or can be automatically tilted by means of a tilting device (3) and can be manually moved by a user.

9. Locking device (1) according to claim 8,wherein at least one Bowden cable (8) is provided for manually tilting or moving the locking element (5).

10. Locking device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the locking element (5) has one or more locking elements, in particular locking pins (52), each extending parallel to the direction of travel (V) and, when locked, engaging with one or more locking hooks (9) mounted on the door leaf(s) (11).

11. Locking device (1) according to claim 10, wherein the locking element(s) (52) can optionally be arranged on the locking element such that they extend outwards, relative to the direction of travel (V), from the front or rear of the locking element (5).

12. Door, in particular sliding door (10) , with at least one door leaf (11) ,as well as a locking device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, for locking at least one door leaf (11) in a closed or open position.

13. Door according to claim 12, wherein a locking hook (9) is mounted on each of the one or more door leaves (11), which is configured to engage the locking element (5) in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel (V).

14. Door according to claim 13, wherein the locking hook or hooks (9) each have an inclined surface (91) which, when the corresponding door leaf (11) is closed or opened, serves to abut against the locking element (5) so that it pivots.