Gantry machine tool

Abstract

The invention relates to a machine tool, comprising: a frame (12), having a fixed gantry (16) for supporting at least one tool spindle (46, 48), the gantry (16) having an opening (36), through which a workspace (38) can be accessed, or each tool spindle (46, 48) is movable in the gantry (16) in a first direction (Z) vertically and in a second direction (X) orthogonal to the first direction (Z);and a workpiece table (100), having at least one location (114, 116) for holding a workpiece, the workpiece table (100) being movable in a third direction (Y), which is orthogonal to the first direction (Z) and the second direction (X), at least one tool magazine (176, 178) being associated with the or each tool spindle (46, 48), it being possible to feed tools for tool changing through at least one opening in the magazine (192, 194) in the gantry (16), and the tools being exchanged between the or each tool spindle (46, 48) and the at least one tool magazine (176, 178) in the pick-up process, and / or the workpiece table (100) being pivotable about an axis (A) parallel to the second direction (X), and jointly controlled and mutually spaced drives being provided - two for translational movement and two for the pivot movement of the workpiece table (100).;

Description

Gantry machine tool

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a machine tool with a frame supporting a stationary portal for receiving at least one tool spindle, the portal having a portal recess through which a work area is accessible, the tool spindle or spindles being movable on the portal in a first direction vertically and in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, and with a workpiece table having at least one position for workpiece mounting, the workpiece table being movable translationally in a third direction orthogonal to the first and second directions.

[0002] From EP 1 882 544 A1, such a machine tool is known, comprising a machine frame having two parallel side walls and an upper crossbeam which is attached to the two side walls, a machining unit which is movable by motor in at least two coordinate axes and which contains a rotary-driven work spindle with interchangeable tools, and a front section which has two transversely spaced horizontal guide rails on which a workpiece table arrangement with a table top for clamping a workpiece in a horizontal coordinate axis is arranged in a motor-driven manner.

[0003] The well-known machine tool allows for multi-axis machining, with three translational axes and two additional swivel axes available. This enables a variety of machining operations to be performed.

[0004] A similar machine tool in portal design is known from DE 10 2017 122 439 A1. The machine tool comprises two tool magazines arranged centrally behind the portal and associated tool changers that transfer tools through the main opening of the portal between the tool magazines and a respective change position.

[0005] From DE 100 49 810 A1, a machine tool is known in which the workpiece carrier is vertically movable on a vertical column and has a horizontal axis of rotation for the workpiece. At least one horizontally oriented tool spindle is provided, which is movable on a crossbeam of a gantry parallel to the horizontal axis of rotation of the workpiece carrier. The column for the workpiece carrier and the gantry for the at least one tool spindle together form a frame. Between a vertical guide of the workpiece carrier and a horizontal guide of the tool spindle, a slot-like recess is provided in the frame, in which a tool magazine with horizontally oriented tools is arranged in a vertical orientation. The tools enter the work area between the tool spindle and the workpiece carrier.

[0006] In the field of machine tools, there is a constant demand for improved efficiency and productivity. However, this should not come at the expense of machining accuracy and process reliability. Furthermore, machining should be automated as much as possible, including, for example, semi-automated or fully automated workpiece and tool changes.

[0007] Furthermore, there are a wide variety of machining tasks, meaning that a machine tool should ideally be as universally applicable as possible. On the other hand, there are also demands for specialized machines capable of performing specific machining tasks with high efficiency. Moreover, there is often a conflict of objectives between the universal suitability of the machine tool for components of varying geometries and considerable dimensions, the achievable maximum accuracy, and productivity. For example, increasing the work area for machining larger components often necessitates an increase in travel distances, which could potentially reduce rigidity without additional measures.

[0008] Against this background, the present disclosure aims to specify a machine tool for machining workpieces which, with high performance and short non-productive times, enables at least semi-automated multi-axis machining in a workspace of at least medium size. The machine tool is preferably suitable for machining structural components, for example, load-bearing body parts or similar components subjected to stress during operation.

[0009] Preferably, the machine tool is designed as a twin-spindle machine for the use of two tool spindles. Preferably, the machine tool allows parallel machining of two workpieces to increase productivity. Preferably, the machine tool allows fully automatic tool changes. Preferably, at least in exemplary embodiments, the machine tool allows fully automatic workpiece changes. Preferably, the machine tool provides an easily accessible and minimally obstructed work area. Preferably, the machine tool, given a certain overall volume, or provides a large workspace for processing within a given total floor area.

[0010] According to a first aspect, the problem of the disclosure is solved by a machine tool with a frame that supports a stationary portal for receiving at least one tool spindle, wherein the portal has a portal recess through which a work area is accessible, wherein the tool spindle or spindles are movable on the portal in a first direction (Z-direction) vertically and in a second direction (X-direction) orthogonal to the first direction, and with a workpiece table with at least one position for receiving the workpiece, wherein the workpiece table is movable translationally in a third direction (Y-direction) orthogonal to the first and second directions, wherein at least one tool magazine is assigned to each tool spindle, wherein tools for tool changes can be fed in through at least one magazine opening.and wherein the tool change between the or each tool spindle and the at least one tool magazine is carried out by pick-up method.

[0011] In this way, the problem of the invention is completely solved.

[0012] According to the invention, each tool spindle is assigned a magazine with tool positions for tool changes, for example, adjacent to the magazine. This adjacent arrangement allows the tool spindle to directly pick up tools from the magazine and return tools to the magazine. The required travel distances for the tool spindle are sufficiently short, thus reducing non-productive time. Furthermore, the direct transfer of tools between the at least one tool spindle and the magazine eliminates the need for separate handling equipment and the drives required for it. This has the advantage that a large portion of the available workspace is actually available for machining. Additionally, eliminating the need for extra handling equipment, etc., for tool changes reduces the effort required to control the tool change process.Another advantage is the reduced effort required for cleaning (chips, coolant, etc.).

[0013] In addition to the portal opening, at least one magazine opening is provided in the portal, at least in exemplary embodiments. For example, in a design with two tool spindles, the portal has a central portal opening and two magazine openings arranged laterally. In this embodiment, the portal opening is located between the two magazine openings. Similarly, designs are conceivable in which the magazine openings are not directly connected to the work area. Instead, a tool change area can be implemented outside the work area, so that the work area is not affected. An advantage of this design is that the tool change area can be used for supplying or removing tools during machining operations in the work area. In exemplary embodiments, the tool change area is accordingly located to the side of the actual work area. In designs with two tool spindles, a first change area is arranged to the left and a second change area to the right of the work area. This is not to be understood as a limitation.

[0014] According to the above considerations, the portal provides at least one magazine opening through which tools can be fed and removed. If, in addition to the portal opening, at least one magazine opening is available for tool changes, then the actual portal opening can be used for other purposes. Furthermore, the portal opening provides a clear view and better access to the work area. Another advantage is the separation between tool changes (through the magazine opening) and another access point (portal opening) to the work area.

[0015] According to a further aspect, the problem of the disclosure is solved by a machine tool with a frame that supports a stationary portal for receiving at least one tool spindle, wherein the portal has a portal recess through which a work area is accessible, wherein the tool spindle or spindles on the portal are movable in a first direction (Z-direction) vertically and in a second direction (X-direction) orthogonal to the first direction, and with a workpiece table with at least one position for receiving the workpiece, wherein the workpiece table is movable translationally in a third direction (Y-direction) orthogonal to the first and second directions, wherein the workpiece table is movable by a dimension to the second direction (X-direction) parallel axis (A-axis) is pivotable, and wherein two spaced-apart, jointly controlled drives are provided for both the translational movement and the pivoting movement of the workpiece table.

[0016] In this way, too, the problem of the invention is completely solved.

[0017] According to the invention, providing two spaced-apart drives for both the translational and rotational movements of the workpiece table allows for sufficiently high and reproducible accuracy, even with large workpieces and considerable table dimensions. Furthermore, higher accelerations and maximum speeds can be achieved for both the translational and rotary movements. With two spaced-apart drives, specific load situations can be detected by the control system. In exemplary embodiments, this can be done without separate sensors by monitoring the drive parameters. In one exemplary embodiment, the current consumption of the drives is monitored. This allows for the easy determination of different loads on the two drives.For example, if there is a significant asymmetry, this can be addressed in terms of control technology.

[0018] It goes without saying that the two aspects mentioned above can be combined, but can also be implemented independently of each other.

[0019] According to an exemplary embodiment, a first tool spindle and a second tool spindle are arranged on the portal, wherein the workpiece table has a first position for holding workpieces and a second position for holding workpieces, the first position being assigned to the first tool spindle, and the second position being assigned to the second tool spindle. By way of example, the workpiece table is designed as a cradle positioned between two swiveling bearings extend, defining the pivot axis (A-axis) parallel to the second direction (X-axis).

[0020] According to this design, the frame with the portal has a sufficiently large extension in the second direction (X-direction) so that two workpiece fixtures (such as pallets or the like) can be arranged on the tool table. Since the portal now carries two tool spindles that are arranged side by side and offset from each other in the second direction, two workpieces can be machined simultaneously. This increases productivity.

[0021] In an exemplary embodiment, the first tool spindle and, if present, the second tool spindle each have a vertically oriented spindle axis (parallel to the Z-direction). The tool spindles have a tool holder. The tool holder and a tool attached to it can be driven rotationally around the spindle axis of the respective spindle.

[0022] According to another exemplary embodiment, the first and second tool spindles can be moved together and synchronously in the second direction (X-direction), with a spindle spacing adapted to the distance between the first and second workpiece holding positions. In other words, in this operating mode, the two tool spindles are operated in such a way that a fixed spindle spacing is maintained between them, which does not change when the tool spindles move in the X-direction. In this way, two components arranged on the workpiece holders on the workpiece table can be machined identically or almost identically. The two tool spindles can be coupled to each other via the control system. At least in exemplary embodiments, this does not involve a fixed mechanical coupling.

[0023] According to an exemplary embodiment, the first tool spindle and the second tool spindle are mounted on a common horizontal guide so that they can be moved in the second direction. For example, the first tool spindle and the second tool spindle use a common linear drive, in particular... rather a linear direct drive. According to an exemplary embodiment, the two tool spindles use one and the same primary part.

[0024] The "control-related" coupling of the first and second tool spindles in the second direction (X-direction) has the advantage that the two tool spindles can also be moved independently of each other and relative to each other in the second direction if required. This is used in certain operating modes, such as for tool changes. However, it is also advantageous if the two tool spindles can be moved together as a unit when coupled.

[0025] According to another exemplary embodiment, at least one tool magazine extends at least partially into the magazine opening in the portal. This allows the magazine to be loaded from the side of the portal facing away from the work area. The magazine can be loaded manually or automatically. According to yet another exemplary embodiment, at least one tool magazine extends through the magazine opening.

[0026] According to another exemplary embodiment, at least one tool magazine is located in a tool-changing area outside the workspace, and at least one tool spindle is movable between a working position in the workspace and a tool-changing position in the tool-changing area. Accordingly, the tool spindle can be moved back and forth between a working position in the workspace and the tool-changing area. This usually includes movement in the second direction (X-direction). In a more abstract embodiment, a partition wall is provided between the workspace and the tool-changing area, and the tool spindle can overcome or bypass this partition wall for tool changes.

[0027] According to another exemplary embodiment, the machine tool comprises a first tool magazine in a first tool changing area and a second tool magazine in a second tool changing area, wherein the The workspace is arranged between the first tool change area and the second tool change area. In a design with two tool spindles, the workspace includes a first area for the first tool spindle and a second area for the second tool spindle. For tool changes, the fixed (control-related) coupling between the two spindles can be released. The first and second tool spindles can be moved away from each other, allowing the first tool spindle to move into the first tool change area and the second tool spindle to move into the second tool change area.

[0028] According to another exemplary embodiment, when using a first tool spindle and a second tool spindle, the first tool spindle and the second tool spindle can be moved independently of each other in the second direction for tool changes, wherein the first tool spindle can be moved between the work area and the first tool change area, and wherein the second tool spindle can be moved between the work area and the second tool change area.

[0029] According to another exemplary embodiment, the tool spindle(s) in the tool-changing area are vertically movable to change a machining tool, with at least one tool position of the tool magazine being vertically accessible from above for the assigned tool spindle. In this way, the tools can be transferred directly between the magazine and the tool spindle using a pick-up method without additional handling equipment. Tools can be removed from loaded tool positions by means of a tool holder on the tool spindle. Furthermore, the tool holder can transfer a previously clamped tool to an empty tool position. This occurs in a tool spindle change position within the changeover area.

[0030] According to another exemplary embodiment, at least one tool magazine is designed as a chain magazine. A chain magazine is exemplified as a circulating chain with chain links, which have or carry tool positions with holders for tools. The chain magazine includes at least one drive via which a currently selected tool position in the chain is moved into a position for the transfer- The tool can be moved to a suitable position (Y-position). For example, the chain, at least in one section adjacent to the work area, has a main extension direction that is parallel to the third direction (Y-direction). In this way, at least one chain magazine can extend laterally next to the work area. In one exemplary embodiment, a first chain magazine and a second chain magazine are adjacent to the work area, with the work area extending between them.

[0031] In another exemplary embodiment, the first tool magazine is arranged above a first longitudinal guide for the workpiece table, while the second tool magazine is arranged above a second longitudinal guide. In this way, the installation space above the longitudinal guides for the workpiece table, which extend in the third direction (Y-direction), is utilized for the tool magazines. This contributes to an overall compact design. A large work area can be provided for given external dimensions.

[0032] According to another exemplary embodiment, at least one tool magazine together with another tool magazine located in the same tool changing area forms a magazine arrangement with two magazines that are offset from each other in such a way that each of the two magazines of the magazine arrangement is accessible to the assigned tool spindle.

[0033] In other words, the two magazines of the arrangement are located on the same side of the work area, adjacent to it. It is understood that another such magazine arrangement can be located on the opposite side of the work area. Within the magazine arrangement, the two magazines are offset from each other, at least partially, both vertically and horizontally. This results in a first tool-changing position for the first tool magazine and a second tool-changing position for the second tool magazine within the tool-changing area.

[0034] According to an exemplary embodiment, the magazine arrangement, in relation to the workspace, has an upper magazine and a lower magazine, with the lower magazine being offset from the upper magazine in the direction of the workspace. The two tool magazines are offset from each other in the first direction (Z-direction) and the second direction (X-direction). In this way, the two tool magazines in the magazine arrangement are terraced relative to each other, so that a pick-up transfer of tools between the tool magazines and the tool spindle is still possible.

[0035] According to another exemplary embodiment, the portal has one magazine opening for each magazine assembly. Accordingly, the magazine opening is designed to be large enough that both tool magazines of the magazine assembly can extend at least partially into the magazine opening. According to an alternative embodiment, the portal has two magazine openings for each magazine assembly, one for the first tool magazine and one for the second. If access to the tool magazines is possible via one or both magazine openings, the magazines can be loaded directly or indirectly from the side of the portal facing away from the work area.

[0036] According to another exemplary embodiment, the two drives for the translational movement of the workpiece table are controlled synchronously. According to another exemplary embodiment, the two drives for the swiveling movement of the workpiece table are also controlled synchronously. Accordingly, both the translational drive and the swiveling drive for the tool table can be designed according to the gantry principle. This results in better symmetry compared to driven axes where only one drive (motor) acts on an element mounted on two bearings or guides. This can lead to higher dynamics and greater precision. Furthermore, the installation space between the drives can remain clear, yet a favorable, symmetrical force transmission is still achieved.

[0037] According to another exemplary embodiment, the workpiece table is mounted on a first pivot bearing and a second pivot bearing spaced apart from it, with the workpiece table extending between them as a cradle, and The first drive is assigned to the first pivot bearing as the first pivot drive, and the second drive is assigned to the second pivot bearing as the second pivot drive. For illustrative purposes, both pivot drives are designed as direct drives.

[0038] According to another exemplary embodiment, the workpiece table is mounted on a first longitudinal guide and a second longitudinal guide spaced apart from it, with the workpiece table extending between them, and wherein a first linear drive is assigned to the first longitudinal guide and a second linear drive to the second longitudinal guide. The linear drive can be a linear motor, for example, a linear direct drive. Other designs are conceivable, such as screw drives, etc.

[0039] Each of the two longitudinal guides carries a carriage, with the workpiece table, designed as a cradle in this example, extending between the two carriages. Accordingly, each carriage carries a pivot bearing for the workpiece table. In one exemplary embodiment, each carriage houses a pivot drive for the pivoting movement (A-axis) of the workpiece table. In another exemplary embodiment, each carriage houses – at least partially – a linear drive for the translational movement of the workpiece table in the third direction (Y-axis).

[0040] In one exemplary embodiment, the workpiece table hangs freely between the two slides. Consequently, no central support is provided in this design. This has the advantage that a central area of ​​the workspace is free below, thus improving chip removal and the drainage of cooling lubricants. The tendency for contamination is reduced.

[0041] According to another exemplary embodiment, side braces extend between the portal and the frame, between which the first longitudinal guide and the second longitudinal guide for the workpiece table are arranged. The longitudinal guides are arranged adjacent to the side braces. For example, the side braces can extend in the third direction (Y-direction) Achieve a rigid connection between the portal and the frame. This increases the rigidity of the machine tool.

[0042] According to another exemplary embodiment, the side braces have a first node connected to a spindle side of the portal and a second node connected to a bearing side of the frame. Accordingly, this embodiment includes a vertically extending connection between the side braces and the portal, as well as a horizontally extending connection between the side braces and the frame.

[0043] According to another exemplary embodiment, the side struts each connect to a raised side profile of the frame. For example, the side profiles have a Z-extent and a Y-extent that are each larger than the X-extent.

[0044] According to another exemplary embodiment, the frame has two raised side profiles that protrude in the first direction (Z-direction) relative to a guide surface or the guide rails of the longitudinal guides for the workpiece table on the frame. The side profiles increase the rigidity of the frame. The two longitudinal guides are arranged between the two side profiles. The work area is formed between the two longitudinal guides.

[0045] According to another exemplary embodiment, the workpiece table has two offset and driven rotary tables whose axes of rotation are perpendicular to the pivot axis of the workpiece table, with the first tool spindle assigned to a first rotary table and the second tool spindle to a second rotary table. The axes of rotation of the rotary tables can also be referred to as C-axes. In this embodiment, the axes of rotation of the rotary tables are perpendicular to the A-axis. It is understood that designs with only one rotatable rotary table are also conceivable.

[0046] According to another exemplary embodiment, the first and second tool spindles are movable in the second direction (X-direction) on the portal such that the first tool spindle, starting from its primary working position associated with the first rotary table, can be moved towards the second rotary table into a secondary working position when the second tool spindle is moved away from the second rotary table. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the second tool spindle, starting from its primary working position associated with the second rotary table, can be moved towards the first rotary table into a secondary working position when the first tool spindle is moved away from the first rotary table.

[0047] This design allows the first tool spindle to machine a workpiece on the second rotary table while the second tool spindle is in a parked or tool-change position. A configuration is also conceivable where only a single tool spindle is mounted on the gantry, capable of accessing both rotary tables. This increases the range of functions and makes the machine tool suitable for a wider range of applications.

[0048] According to one exemplary embodiment, at least the first or the second tool spindle can be moved from its primary working position in the secondary working position in the second direction (X-direction) beyond the respective axis of rotation of the other rotary table assigned to it in the secondary working position. In other words, it is conceivable to move the first tool spindle into an X-position where the X-position of the second rotary table's axis of rotation lies between the X-position of the first rotary table's axis of rotation and the X-position then assumed by the first tool spindle. Thus, the first tool spindle can be moved beyond the X-position of the second rotary table's axis of rotation if required. The reverse is true for the second tool spindle, allowing it to be moved beyond the X-position of the first rotary table's axis of rotation if necessary.The other tool spindle then deflects.

[0049] According to another exemplary embodiment, the workpiece table has at least one position for receiving at least one pallet, whereby, when using two tool spindles, a first position is assigned to the first tool spindle and a second position to the second tool spindle. The pallet serves to hold at least one workpiece, which can be clamped outside the machine tool.

[0050] According to another exemplary embodiment, a pallet changer is provided for workpiece changes, which can be coupled to the frame on a side facing away from the portal. In this way, the workpiece change does not take place through the portal. Favorable installation space conditions exist on the side facing away from the portal, providing sufficient room for the pallet change.

[0051] According to another exemplary embodiment, the pallet changer is equipped with a mobile frame base that can be detached from the machine tool frame. Accordingly, the pallet changer can be separated from the machine tool frame for loading or other purposes. It is also conceivable, in principle, to load the pallet changer while it is coupled to the machine tool frame. This can be done manually, semi-automatically, or fully automatically.

[0052] According to another exemplary embodiment, the pallet changer is designed to receive two pallets from two positions on the workpiece table and to deliver two pallets to the same two positions. The pallet changer includes a transfer unit pivotable about a vertical axis with four coupling positions, each of which can be coupled to a pallet to exchange pallets between the workpiece table and a loading position on the pallet changer. The transfer unit is, by way of example, designed as a lift-and-swivel transfer unit.

[0053] In this way, the pallet changer can exchange both pallets of the workpiece carrier in one cycle. The movement is carried out via the transfer unit, which can be coupled to the front of the pallets in order to lift them and swivel them, for example, by 180°.

[0054] According to another exemplary embodiment, the workpiece table can be moved in the third direction (Y-direction) into a transfer position, whereby pallets can be transferred between the workpiece table and the pallet changer in this position, and the pallet changer is fixed in position in the third direction when coupled to the frame. In other words, neither the pallet changer nor the transfer unit needs to be moved translationally in the Y-direction to exchange pallets. The pallet changer couples to the frame. The Y-axis of the workpiece carrier is then used to move the pallets located there to the transfer unit of the pallet changer.

[0055] According to another exemplary embodiment, the portal defines an operator side of the machine tool, with the side of the frame facing away from the portal defining a loading side. The term "loading side" refers, at least in exemplary embodiments, to workpiece changes. Tool changes can be performed via the operator side, through which at least one magazine opening in the portal passes.

[0056] According to another exemplary embodiment, the portal has at least one portal recess through which the work area is accessible, as well as two magazine openings through which at least two tool magazines are accessible. When using two magazine arrangements, each with two offset magazines, it is also conceivable to have four magazine openings on the portal. However, it is also conceivable to make one of the two magazine openings large enough so that both tool magazines of a magazine arrangement can extend at least partially into it.

[0057] According to another exemplary embodiment, the portal also has two guide openings through which an end face of longitudinal guides for moving the workpiece table in the third direction is accessible. This design This simplifies the monitoring of the translational Y-drive and related service / repair work. It is understood that, according to further exemplary embodiments, the guide openings and magazine openings can be formed by a common opening for the longitudinal guide and corresponding magazines. The guide openings and magazine openings provide access to an area of ​​the machine tool adjacent to the actual work area. If partition walls are formed between the work area and adjacent areas, separate openings facilitate demarcation and accessibility.

[0058] It is understood that the features of the invention mentioned above and those to be explained below can be used not only in the combinations specified, but also in other combinations or on their own, without leaving the scope of the present invention.

[0059] Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of several preferred embodiments with reference to the drawings. These show: Fig. 1 : a perspective, simplified rear view of a machine tool; Fig. 2: a simplified rear view of the machine tool according to Fig. 1 ; Fig. 3: a simplified top view of the machine tool illustrated in Figures 1 and 2; Fig. 4: a perspective view of a machine tool based on Fig. 1 , with a pallet changer; Fig. 5: a simplified top view of the machine tool according to Fig. 4; Fig. 6: a simplified rear view of another embodiment of a machine tool; and Fig. 7: another view of the machine tool according to Fig. 6 in an alternative state.

[0060] Figure 1, in conjunction with Figures 2 and 3, shows an exemplary embodiment of a machine tool, designated as 10. The machine tool 10 has a frame 12 that supports a portal 16. The portal 16 comprises a crossbeam 18 and side supports 20, 22. Lateral braces 26, 28 extend between the portal 16 and the frame 12. The lateral braces 26, 28 connect a rear side (spindle side) of the portal 16, or of its supports 20, 22, to raised side profiles 32, 34 of the frame. A portal opening 36 is formed in the portal 16, through which a work area 38 is accessible. The portal 16 delimits the work area 38.

[0061] In Fig. 2, a guide plane designated 40 is indicated by a dashed line. The raised side profiles 32, 34 are raised above the guide plane 40. The side profiles 32, 34 stiffen the frame 12 and its base, respectively. The side braces 26, 28 ensure a firm and rigid connection between the side profiles 32, 34 and the portal 16.

[0062] The portal 16 carries a first tool spindle 46 and a second tool spindle 48. Accordingly, the machine tool 10 is designed as a twin-spindle machine, at least in the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 3. The first tool spindle 46 is movable on a slide 50 in a first direction 56 and via the slide 50 in a second direction 58. The second tool spindle 48 is movable on a slide 52 in the first direction 56 and via the slide 52 in the second direction 58.

[0063] Figure 1 shows a Cartesian coordinate system XYZ for illustrative purposes. In the illustrated embodiment, the first Direction 56 is parallel to the Z-axis. Furthermore, the second direction, 58, is parallel to the X-axis. A third direction (reference numeral 106) is parallel to the Y-axis. The Z-axis generally describes a vertical or vertical direction. The X-axis and the Y-axis generally describe horizontal axes oriented perpendicular to each other. Together, the X-axis and the Y-axis form a horizontal plane. The guide plane 40 (see Fig. 2) is parallel to the horizontal plane XY.

[0064] It is understood that the XYZ coordinate system and the axis designations and direction specifications used here are merely exemplary and primarily serve illustrative purposes. They are therefore not to be understood as restrictive. It is understood that other coordinate systems and axis designations can also be used to describe the relationships between the components of the machine tool 10. A person skilled in the art can perform mental transformations to convert such coordinate systems into one another. Furthermore, within the scope of this disclosure, ordinal numbers or enumerations (first, second, etc. element) are used primarily for illustration and differentiation and are therefore not to be understood as restrictive. The ordinal numbers do not necessarily imply a qualitative or quantitative order.

[0065] The first tool spindle 46 has a spindle axis 64 and a tool holder 70 that can be rotated about it (see also Fig. 2). The second tool spindle 48 has a spindle axis 66 and a tool holder 72 that can be rotated about it. The spindle axes 64 and 66 result in a spindle distance 68 in the X-direction (second direction). In exemplary embodiments, the spindle distance 68 is constant during machining, so that the two tool spindles 46 and 48 can be moved synchronously. In exemplary embodiments, this also includes synchronous movement in the Z-direction (first direction). In this way, two workpieces can be machined simultaneously in an identical or nearly identical manner.

[0066] A Z-guide 82 extends between the tool spindle 46 and the slide 50. A Z-guide 84 extends between the tool spindle 48 and the slide 52. Both the slide 50 and the slide 52 are mounted on a guide. 88 is shown on portal 16, extending in the X-direction (second direction). Furthermore, in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a primary part of a linear direct drive is indicated by 90. In the exemplary embodiment, the primary part 90 interacts with corresponding secondary parts, one of which is arranged on the slide 50 and one on the slide 52. In this way, the tool spindles 46, 48 can be moved together and independently of each other in the second direction (X-direction) along the guide 88 on the portal 16.

[0067] The machine tool 10 further comprises a workpiece table 100, which is arranged at least partially, preferably largely or completely, within the working area 38. In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3, the workpiece table 100 is designed as a cradle 102. The workpiece table 100 is translationally movable in a third direction 106 (Y-direction). The workpiece table 100 is designed to support workpieces. For this purpose, the workpiece table 100 has, for example, positions 114 and 116, each of which forms a workpiece holder. For example, positions 114 and 116 each comprise a rotatable rotary table 118 and 120, respectively, for directly holding workpieces or for holding a pallet.

[0068] For example, the round tables 1 18, 120 each carry a pallet 122, 124. Pallets 122 and 124 function as workpiece carriers. Pallets 122 and 124 can carry at least one workpiece, which is secured to the pallet. Loading with workpieces can involve handling pallets 122 and 124, i.e., loading positions 114 and 116 with pallets 122 and 124, which are themselves loaded with workpieces. It is understood that the machine tool 10 can also be operated without such pallets. Workpieces can be mounted directly on the rotary tables 118 and 120. Nevertheless, the pallets 122 and 124 can simplify automated workpiece changes. If the pallets 122 and 124 are loaded with workpieces outside the work area 38, non-productive time can be reduced. The pallets 122, Pallets 124 have coupling pieces 126, 128, see Fig. 3. A pallet changer can access the pallets 122, 124 for handling via the coupling pieces 126, 128.

[0069] The rotary tables 118, 120 are pivotable or rotatable about axes 130, 132. The axes 130, 132 are also referred to as C-axes. In the figure shown in Fig. 1 In the orientation of the workpiece table 100 (the cradle 102) shown, the axes 130 and 132 are aligned parallel to the Z-axis. However, this alignment depends on the current swivel orientation of the workpiece table 100 with respect to the X-axis. The workpiece table 100 is mounted on a first slide 140 and a second slide 142. The slides 140 and 142 further define a swivel axis 144, which is also referred to as the A-axis. The A-axis is parallel to the X-axis. The workpiece table 100, and consequently the rotary tables 118 and 120, are swivelable about the A-axis. In the exemplary embodiment, the distance between the two C-axes 130 and 132 corresponds to the selected spindle spacing 68 between the two spindle axes 64 and 66, at least in an exemplary operating mode for the simultaneous machining of two workpieces.

[0070] In Fig. 2, blocks 148, 150 illustrate two translational drives for the workpiece table 100 for movement in the third direction 106 (Y-direction). For example, the slides 140 and 142 house the drives 148 and 150. This is conceivable, for instance, with a direct drive or linear direct drive. However, it is also possible to make the slides 140 and 142 movable in the third direction 106 via screw drives or similar devices. It is essential that each of the two slides 140 and 142 is assigned its own separate drive 148 and 150. Accordingly, the workpiece table 100 can be moved in the Y-direction according to the gantry principle. With suitable control of the two drives 148 and 150, both slides 140 and 142 can be moved with high precision and synchronously. This has the advantage that the workpiece table 100, designed as a cradle 102, can be moved precisely in the Y direction despite its considerable extension in the X direction, while maintaining a desired degree of parallelism between the A-axis 144 and the X direction.Furthermore, at least in exemplary configurations, high accelerations and travel speeds can be achieved with the two drives 148, 150.

[0071] The slides 140 and 142 each also house a swivel drive 154 and 156, respectively, as well as a swivel bearing 158 and 160 for the swivel movement of the workpiece table 100, designed as a cradle 102, about the swivel axis 144. Thus, two fundamentally independent drives are available for this degree of freedom, which are controlled synchronously. This design also contributes to ensuring that, despite the considerable X-axis extension of the workpiece table 100 between the two slides 140 and 142, a Highly precise movement and consequently precise machining are possible. The two rotary drives 154 and 156 allow high angular accelerations and angular velocities, at least in exemplary configurations.

[0072] The carriages 140, 142 are each mounted on a longitudinal guide 162, 164 extending in the Y-direction. The longitudinal guides 162, 164 comprise guide rails 166, 168. The frame 12 supports the longitudinal guides 162, 164. 164. The longitudinal guides 162, 164 are arranged within the side profiles 32, 34 of the frame. The longitudinal guides 162, 164 are adjacent to the side profiles 32, 34.

[0073] In Fig. 1, two blocks labeled 176 and 178 illustrate tool magazines for providing machining tools. Tool magazines 176 and 178 are shown in more detail in schematic diagrams in Figures 2 and 3. Tool magazine 176 is assigned to the first tool spindle 46. Tool magazine 178 is assigned to the second tool spindle 48. Tool magazine 176 contains tool positions 182 and 186 (Fig. 2). Tool magazine 178 contains tool positions 184 and 188. Positions 182, 184, 186, and 188 can be empty positions for receiving a tool from tool spindles 46 and 48, or positions equipped with tools for transferring tools to the tool holders 70 and 72 of tool spindles 46 and 48.

[0074] The tool magazines 176, 178 are designed as chain magazines, specifically as circulating chain magazines. Accordingly, suitable drives are provided for the tool magazines 176, 178. The tool magazines 176, 178 extend at least partially into the portal 16 through magazine openings 192, 194 (see also Fig. 2 and Fig. 3). In this way, the tool magazines 176, 178 can be loaded from the side of the portal 16 facing away from the work area 38. In exemplary configurations, the tool magazines 176, 178 can extend outwards through the magazine openings 192, 194.

[0075] According to a further exemplary embodiment, the portal 16 also has guide openings 198, 200, compare again Fig. 2. In the embodiment shown there, the guide openings 198, 200 are located below from the perspective of the frame 12. The magazine openings 192 and 194 are arranged halfway between them. The guide openings 198 and 200 provide access to an end face of the longitudinal guides 162 and 164, or of their guide rails 166 and 168. This allows monitoring of this area, including the carriages 140 and 142, and also simplifies maintenance, inspection, and similar tasks.

[0076] The work area 38 is accessible and visible via the central portal opening 36. However, at least in exemplary embodiments, it is not intended to perform a workpiece change through the portal opening 36. Instead, the workpiece change can be carried out via the opposite side of the frame 12. Accordingly, the side of the machine tool 10 formed by the portal 16 can be designated as the operator side 206 and the side of the frame 12 facing away from it as the loading side 208, at least in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3.

[0077] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the tool change between the tool spindles 46, 48 and the tool magazines 176, 178 is carried out without additional handling technology in the form of grippers, transfer units, robots, and similar mechanisms. Instead, the tool spindles 46, 48 are designed to perform a tool change using a pick-up method. For this purpose, the tool magazines 176, 178 are designed such that vertical access for the tool spindles 46, 48 is provided.

[0078] The tool spindles 46, 48 are not movable in the third direction (Y-direction). However, the tool magazines 176, 178, designed as chain magazines, can be driven in such a way that a currently desired tool position 182, 184 can be provided in the required Y-position. The tool spindles 46, 48 are movable in the first direction (vertically) and the second direction (horizontally). In this way, for example, the first tool spindle 46 can move from its primary working area 212 (see Fig. 3) in the X-direction into a tool change area 220 assigned to the tool magazine 176 and assume a tool change position there. Likewise, the second tool spindle 48 can move from its primary working area 214 in the X-direction into a tool change area 220 assigned to the tool magazine 176 and assume a tool change position there. The tool changer 178 is assigned to tool change area 222, and a tool change position is assumed there. In the tool change position, the tool spindles 46, 48 can be moved vertically in the Z direction to take over tools from or transfer tools to tool stations 182, 184.

[0079] For tool changes, the two tool spindles 46, 48 disengage from their "forced coupling" with a constant spindle distance 68. In this context, it is advantageous if the two tool spindles can be moved separately and independently of each other. Once the desired tools are mounted on the tool holders 70, 72, synchronous machining can again be performed, if required, in a control-linked state with a constant spindle distance 68.

[0080] Figures 2 and 3, in particular, illustrate that the tool magazines 176, 178 are arranged above (i.e., similar X-position, similar Y-position, differing Z-position) the longitudinal guides 162, 164 of the workpiece table 100. This results in a favorable design of the workspace 38, as it is not obstructed by the tool magazines 176, 178, nor by the longitudinal guides 162, 164 or the slides 140, 142. Preferably, the transfer of tools during tool changes takes place outside the workspace 38 in the separate tool-changing area 220, 222. It is also conceivable to provide partitions between the workspace 38 and the tool-changing area 220, 222.

[0081] With reference to Figures 4 and 5, and based on the design of the machine tool 10 already illustrated in Figures 1 to 3, a playful embodiment with automated workpiece change is illustrated. A pallet changer 230 is provided for workpiece change, which can be coupled to or moved towards the loading side 208 (see also Figure 3) of the frame 12.

[0082] The pallet changer 230 has a frame base 232 that can be moved to an end face 234 of the frame 12 in the third direction (Y-direction). Accordingly, the frame base 232 can accommodate a chassis or guide devices. for the Y-axis movement. The pallet changer 230 has, for example, two positions 236, 238, which hold pallets 244, 246 for pallet exchange. Pallets 244, 246 can therefore be loaded with workpieces that are yet to be machined. Pallets 244, 246 essentially correspond to the pallets 122, 124 previously illustrated on the workpiece table 100. Pallets 122, 124, and 244, 246 are interchangeable for workpiece changes. Each pallet 122, 124, 244, and 246 has a coupling piece 126, 128, 248, 250 on one of its end faces, to which the pallet changer 230 can engage.

[0083] For the actual exchange movement (exchanging pallets 122, 124 with pallets 244, 246), it is not necessary to move the frame base 232 of the pallet changer 230 in the third direction (Y-direction) relative to the frame 12 of the machine tool 10. Instead, the workpiece table 100 can move in the Y-direction to a workpiece exchange position in which the workpiece table 100 is adjacent to the pallet changer 230, see Fig. 4. For the exchange, the pallet changer 230 has a transfer unit 254, which can perform a combined lifting and swiveling movement, for example. In Fig. 4, the double arrow 256 illustrates the lifting movement (in the Z-direction). In contrast, the curved double arrow 258 illustrates the swiveling movement (about the Z-axis).

[0084] The transfer unit 254 has a total of four coupling positions 262, 264, 266, 268, so that a total of four pallets 122, 124, 244, 246 can be picked up and transferred by the transfer unit 254 via their coupling pieces 126, 128, 248, 250. For example, the pallets 122, 124, 244, 246 are lifted by the transfer unit 254 (Z-movement) and rotated 180° about the pivot axis 270 (see Fig. 5) of the transfer unit 254. In this way, pallets 122, 124 are exchanged for pallets 244, 246.

[0085] With reference to Figures 6 and 7, a further embodiment of a machine tool 10 is illustrated, which largely corresponds to the embodiment according to Figures 1 to 3. A modification arises in the design of the magazine for tool changes.

[0086] As previously described, a first tool magazine 176 is assigned to the first spindle 46 and a second tool magazine 178 to the second spindle 48. However, the tool magazines 176 and 178 are each assigned to a magazine arrangement 282 and 284, respectively. Magazine arrangement 282 includes tool magazine 176 and another tool magazine 276. Magazine arrangement 284 includes tool magazine 178 and another tool magazine 278. Similar to tool magazines 176 and 178, tool magazines 276 and 278 have tool positions for providing or receiving tools.

[0087] The tool magazines 176, 178, 276, and 278 are designed such that the first tool spindle 46 can access both tool magazine 176 and tool magazine 276 to change tools using a pick-up method. Similarly, the second tool spindle can access both tool magazine 178 and tool magazine 278 to change tools using a pick-up method.

[0088] Since the tool spindles 46, 48 are not movable in the third direction (Y-direction), the two tool magazines 176, 276 of magazine arrangement 282 and the two tool magazines 178, 278 of magazine arrangement 284 are each offset from one another in the X-direction (second direction). The offset is adapted to the dimensions of the tool spindles 46, 48, so that the tool positions of the tool magazines 176, 178, 276, 278 are vertically accessible (in the Z-direction) for the respective tool spindle 46, 48. The lower tool magazine 276, 278, as viewed from the frame 12, is slightly offset from the upper tool magazine 176, 178 in the direction of the work area.

[0089] Furthermore, the design illustrated by Figures 6 and 7, in addition to the previously described magazine openings 192, 194 in portal 36 for the tool magazines 176, 178, has further magazine openings 292, 294, which allow access to the tool magazines 276, 278 from the operator side 206 (Fig. 3) through portal 16. It is understood that the magazine openings 192, 292 and the magazine openings 194, 294 can also be combined, thus providing a common magazine opening for both magazines of the respective tool magazines. The magazine arrangement 282, 284 is formed. Furthermore, Figures 6 and 7 also show the guide openings 198, 200 previously described at the portal 16. Overall, therefore, good accessibility to the tool magazines 176, 178, 276, 278 and the slides 140, 142 or the longitudinal guides 162, 164 is provided from the operator side 206.

[0090] In this way, no tool change is required through the portal recess 36. Accordingly, the tool change area 220, 222 can be separated from the work area 38 by walls or the like. The tool spindles 46, 48 are designed as pick-up spindles and can bypass or otherwise overcome such walls.

[0091] Fig. 7, in conjunction with Fig. 6, illustrates another playful functionality of the machine tool 10. In principle, the other designs according to Figures 1 to 5 can also include this function.

[0092] Fig. 6 shows a normal operating mode in which the first tool spindle 46 is arranged in its primary working area 212 and is therefore assigned to the first rotary table 118 for machining workpieces. Similarly, the second tool spindle 48 is arranged in its primary working area 214 and is therefore assigned to the second rotary table 120 for machining workpieces.

[0093] Starting from this normal operating mode, Fig. 7 illustrates an operating mode in which one of the two tool spindles can be operated "crosswise". By way of example, the second tool spindle 48 is arranged in the tool change area 222 in Fig. 7. This can also, in principle, refer to a park position or service position.

[0094] Now there is sufficient space on the traverse 18 of the portal 16 in the second direction (X-direction), so that the first tool spindle 46 can now leave its original primary working area 212 (compare Fig. 6). In Fig. 7, the first tool spindle 46 is located in a secondary working area 302, in which the first The first tool spindle 46 is assigned to the second rotary table 120 for machining workpieces. It is understood that the second tool spindle 48 cannot simultaneously be arranged in its secondary working area 304 with assignment to the first rotary table 118. This would, however, be possible if the first tool spindle 46 were located in the tool change area 220.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Machine tool with a frame (12) supporting a stationary portal (16) for receiving at least one tool spindle (46, 48), wherein the portal (16) has a portal recess (36) through which a work area (38) is accessible, wherein the tool spindle(s) (46, 48) is movable on the portal (16) in a first direction (Z) vertically and in a second direction (X) orthogonal to the first direction (Z), and with a workpiece table (100) having at least one position (114, 116) for workpiece holding, wherein the workpiece table (100) is movable translationally in a third direction (Y) orthogonal to the first direction (Z) and second direction (X), characterized in that at least one tool magazine (176, 178) is assigned to each tool spindle (46, 48), and that tools can be changed by means of at least one additional opening to the portal recess. (36) can be accessed via the magazine opening (192, 194) provided in the portal (16),and that the tool change between the or each tool spindle (46, 48) and the at least one tool magazine (176, 178) is carried out using a pick-up method.

2. Machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the workpiece table (100) is pivotable about an axis (A) parallel to the second direction (X), wherein two spaced-apart, jointly controlled drives (148, 150; 154, 156) are provided for both the translational movement and the pivoting movement of the workpiece table (100).

3. Machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a first tool spindle (46) and a second tool spindle (48) are arranged on the portal (16), and that the workpiece table (100) has a first workpiece receiving position (1 14) which is assigned to the first tool spindle (46), and a second workpiece receiving position (1 16) which is assigned to the second tool spindle (48).

4. Machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that the first tool spindle (46) and the second tool spindle (48) are jointly and synchronously movable in the second direction (X), and that a spindle distance (68) is adapted to a distance between the first workpiece holding position (1 14) and the second workpiece holding position (1 16).

5. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, insofar as directly or indirectly related to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one tool magazine (176, 178) extends at least sectionally into the magazine opening (192, 194) in the portal (16).

6. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, insofar as directly or indirectly related to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one tool magazine (176, 178) is located in a tool change area (220, 222) outside the working area, and that the at least one tool spindle (46, 48) is movable between a working position in the working area (38) and a tool change position in the tool change area (220, 222).

7. Machine tool according to claim 6, characterized in that a first tool magazine (176) is arranged in a first tool change area (220) and a second tool magazine (178) is arranged in a second tool change area (222), and that the working area (38) is arranged between the first tool change area (220) and the second tool change area (222).

8. Machine tool according to claim 7, characterized in that, when using a first tool spindle (46) and a second tool spindle (48), the first tool spindle (46) and the second tool spindle (48) are movable independently of each other in the second direction (X) for tool changes, that the first tool spindle (46) is movable between the work area (38) and the first tool change area (220), and that the second tool spindle (48) is movable independently of each other in the second direction (X), that the first tool spindle (46) is movable between the work area (38) and the first tool change area (220), and that the second tool spindle (48) is movable independently of each other in the second direction (X) for tool changes, ... The tool spindle (48) can be moved between the work area (38) and the second tool change area (222).

9. Machine tool according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the or each tool spindle (46, 48) is vertically movable in the tool change area (220, 222) in order to change a machining tool, and that at least one tool position (182, 184) of the at least one tool magazine (176, 178) for the associated tool spindle (46, 48) is vertically accessible from above.

10. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, insofar as directly or indirectly related to claim 1, characterized in that at least one tool magazine (176, 178) is designed as a chain magazine. 1 1. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, insofar as directly or indirectly related back to claim 1, characterized in that the first tool magazine (176) is arranged above a first longitudinal guide (162) and the second tool magazine (178) is arranged above a second longitudinal guide (164) for the workpiece table (100).

12. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, insofar as directly or indirectly related to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one tool magazine (176, 178) together with a further tool magazine (276, 278) which is arranged in the same tool change area (220, 222), forms a magazine arrangement (282, 284) with two magazines (176, 276; 178, 278) which are offset from each other in such a way that each of the two magazines (176, 276; 178, 278) of the magazine arrangement (282, 284) is accessible for the associated tool spindle (46, 48).

13. Machine tool according to claim 12, characterized in that the magazine arrangement (282, 284), with respect to the working area (38), comprises an upper magazine (176, 178) and a lower magazine (276, 278), and that the lower magazine- gazin (176, 178) is offset from the upper magazine (276, 278) towards the work area (38).

14. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, insofar as directly or indirectly related to claim 2, characterized in that the drives (148, 150) for the translational movement of the workpiece table (100) are controlled synchronously, and that the drives (154, 156) for the swiveling movement of the workpiece table (100) are controlled synchronously.

15. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, insofar as directly or indirectly related to claim 2, characterized in that the workpiece table (100) is received on a first pivot bearing (158) and a second pivot bearing (160) spaced apart therefrom, and extends between them as a cradle (102), and that the first drive (154) is connected to the first The swivel bearing (158) is assigned as the first swivel drive and the second drive (156) is assigned to the second swivel bearing (160) as the second swivel drive.

16. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, insofar as directly or indirectly related to claim 2, characterized in that the workpiece table (100) is received on a first longitudinal guide (162) and a second longitudinal guide (164) spaced apart therefrom, and extends between them, and that a first linear drive (148) is assigned to the first longitudinal guide (162) and a second linear drive (150) is assigned to the second longitudinal guide (164).

17. Machine tool according to claim 16, characterized in that it Side struts (26, 28) extend between the portal (16) and the frame (12), between which the first longitudinal guide (162) and the second longitudinal guide (164) for the workpiece table (100) are arranged.

18. Machine tool according to claim 17, characterized in that the side struts (26, 28) have a first node with a spindle side of the portal (16) and a second node with a support side of the frame (12).

19. Machine tool according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the side struts (26, 28) each couple to a raised side profile (32, 34) of the frame (12).

20. Machine tool according to claim 19, characterized in that the frame (12) has two raised side profiles (32, 34) which are raised relative to guide rails (166, 168) of the longitudinal guides (162, 164) on the frame (12).

21. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, insofar as directly or indirectly related back to claim 3, characterized in that the workpiece table (100) has two offset and driven rotary tables (1 18, 120) whose axis of rotation (130, 132) is perpendicular to the pivot axis of the workpiece table (144), and that the first tool spindle (46) is assigned to a first rotary table (1 18) and the second tool spindle (48) to a second rotary table (120).

22. Machine tool according to claim 21, characterized in that the first tool spindle (46) and the second tool spindle (48) are movable in the second direction (X) on the portal (16) such that the first tool spindle (46), starting from its primary working position associated with the first rotary table (1 18), is movable towards the second rotary table (120) into a secondary working position when the second tool spindle (48) is moved away from the second rotary table (120), and / or that the second tool spindle (48), starting from its primary working position associated with the second rotary table (120), is movable towards the first rotary table (1 18) into a secondary working position when the first tool spindle (46) is moved away from the first rotary table (1 18).

23. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, wherein indicates that the workpiece table (100) has at least one position (1 14, 1 16) for receiving at least one pallet (122, 124), and that when using two tool spindles (46, 48) a first position (1 14) of the first tool spindle- del (46) and a second place (1 16) of the second tool spindle (48) is assigned.

24. Machine tool according to claim 23, characterized in that a pallet changer (230) is provided for workpiece changing, which can be coupled to the frame (12) on a side (234) facing away from the portal (16).

25. Machine tool according to claim 24, characterized in that the pallet changer (230) is designed to receive two pallets (122, 124) from two positions (114, 116) of the workpiece table (100) and to release two pallets (244, 246) to the two positions (114, 116) of the workpiece table (100), and that the pallet changer (230) has a transfer unit (254) pivotable about a vertical axis (256) with four coupling positions (262, 264, 266, 268), each of which can be coupled to a pallet (122, 124; 244, 246) in order to transfer pallets (122, 124; 244, 246) between the workpiece table (100) and a To replace the loading position on the pallet changer (230).

26. Machine tool according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the workpiece table (100) is movable in the third direction (Y) into a transfer position, that in the transfer position a transfer of pallets (122, 124; 244, 246) between the workpiece table (100) and the pallet changer (230) is made possible, and that the pallet changer (230) is fixed in position in the third direction (Y) when coupled to the frame (12).

27. Machine tool according to one of the preceding claims, wherein indicates that the portal (16) defines an operator side (206) of the machine tool, and that the side of the frame (12) facing away from the portal (16) defines a loading side (208).

28. Machine tool according to claim 27, characterized in that the portal (16) has at least one first portal recess (36) through which the working space (38) is accessible, and two magazine openings (192, 194) through which at least two tool magazines (176, 178) are accessible.

29. Machine tool according to claim 28, characterized in that the portal (16) further has two guide openings (198, 200) through which an end face of longitudinal guides (162, 164) is accessible for the movement of the workpiece table (100) in the third direction (Y).

Images