VERSATILE STRUCTURE FOR ALL MACHINING WORK, PRIMARILY ON SOFT MATERIALS

Abstract

The structure is remarkable in that the bars 30 are associated with removable and multifunctional devices DD each comprising a cross collar 66, a cylindrical section bracket 68, a cylindrical roller 69, an operating screw 71, and screwing and clamping means 67-70; these elements being judiciously assembled together and with a bar 30 to make various components such as guides, extensions, tailstock supports, stops, pressers, jacks, within the framework of the numerous machining operations carried out with the structure and its equipment.

Description

Versatile structure for all machining operations mainly made of soft materials. The object of the invention relates to the technical sector of universal machine tools. It is briefly recalled that in French Patent Application No. 88.10342, of which the applicant is also the holder, a structure was defined comprising essentially a rigid frame in the form of two parallel frames with cross braces, parallel slides fixed between the frames to guide in translation a carriage associated with a rotating cross slide carrying, in an adjustable manner, a tool holder or a turret, and a clamping collar for a motor. :5 order. Depending on other characteristics of the Demand, the structure is established to be positioned either horizontally on the lower faces of its frames, that is - The tool holder is mounted vertically, supported by one of the frames, depending on the type of work to be performed. It is mounted to oscillate relative to the cross carriage and driven in rotation by a transmission system from the motor shaft. A removable, multi-position table is provided between the frames for certain operations; this table is designed to accommodate accessories. Another table, forming a protective housing, is fixed to one side, offering angular and vertical adjustments. Removable crossbars and support bars are also provided for extension work, along with numerous accessories to ensure a wide variety of tasks. <rabotagedégauchissage, sciage, tenonnage, rainurage, toupillage, mortaisage, chantournage, perçage, tournage, fraisage, ponçage, affûtage, tronçonnage. ), this with good precision, ease of implementation, reduced size and weight making it easily transportable by the removable crossbars and the..DTD: extension bars forming a gripping handle. As designed, the multi-purpose structure fully satisfies users. However, to further improve safety and efficiency, and to expand the range of tasks while maintaining simplified manufacturing and ease of use, additional and complementary features have been planned for the equipment. of the structure according to the Patent Application. For example, and according to a first characteristic, the removable bars associated with the crossbeams to serve as table extensions and carrying handles receive one or more removable devices, each comprising a cross collar, one of whose openings is pierced by the aforementioned bar and the other opening by the longer arm of a cylindrical bracket, the other arm of which constitutes an axis of rotation for a roller held by a screw and a washer; these devices, associated in whole or in part with said bars fixed at determined points of the structure or certain of its equipment, fulfill various functions, such as guides, extensions, supports, stops, pressers, jacks... According to another feature implemented to improve efficiency in copying operations, the cross slide is equipped with a mounting device for the constant-tension probe on the profile of the model or template. According to another feature implemented to improve safety, the circular saw, mounted on a spindle at the end of an arm that can be steered relative to the cross slide, is covered on its protruding portion from the worktable by a housing hinged to a riving knife mounted on the arm carrying the tool-holder spindle, to follow the saw's orientations. These characteristics and others will emerge -3- of the description that follows. To define the object of the invention without, however, limiting it, in the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of the multi-purpose structure equipped with accessories as added, shown in its transport position and clamped to a work surface. Figure 2 is a partial perspective view illustrating a vise positioned on one of the frames of the structure. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the vise according to figure 2. Figure 4 is a partial plan view showing A setup for sharpening a circular saw. Figure 5 is a perspective view illustrating separately the components of a multi-function device. according to the addition. Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the use of the device as shown in Figure 5 as a table extension sawing from one side only. Figure 7 is a side view considered according to the line 7-7 of figure 6. Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the use of the device as shown in Figure 5 as a table extension planing on both sides. Figure 9 is a schematic plan view illustrating the guidance and holding of workpieces with the multifunction device associated with a component presser. Figure 10 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a multi-functional device forming a jack or flange for example, fixing parts to be grooved. Figure 11 is a perspective view illustrating multifunctional devices combined to serve as a stop -4- anti-lifting of parts moved on the saw table. Figure 12 is a side view illustrating the adaptation of a multi-function device for guidance with a jigsaw. - Figure 13 is a partial perspective view showing the adaptation of a multi-functional device for the assembly and guidance of a scroll saw. Figure 14 is a partial plan view illustrating the multi-function devices used for the holding between the points of the models in copying. Figure 15 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating a multi-function device used for the assembly of a copying template. Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the cross carriage equipped with a mounting device for a constant-tension copy probe against the model or template profile. Figure 17 is a schematic view illustrating the Installation of a protective guard for the circular saw. Figure 18 is a partial plan view showing the equipment of the steerable cutting guide with the device mjlt!-fcnctions en vue d'opérations de tenonnage. Figure 19 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating additional equipment for performing two deep drilling operations with the drive unit fixed to the crossed trolley. To make the object of the invention more concrete, it is now described in a non-limiting manner by referring to examples of how the figures in the drawings were created. Referring to the various figures, we recall the main components of the structure involved in this addition and represented by the same reference points. The structure comprises a frame (B) consisting of two parallel frames (1-2) joined by fixed crossbars (3-4). Frame (1) is composed of half-parts <la - lb) et des coulisses parallèles (8) sont fixées entre les cadres (1 et 2) pour assurer le guidage d'un traînard (9) commandé de manière connue et recevant de manière orientable un chariot croisé (19) dont la partie supérieure (19b) est réglable en translation relative to the base (19a). A motor element (P), such as a portable drill, can be fixed either to the upper part (19b) i0 of the carriage by means of a right-angle collar (20), or externally from the frame (2) by means of a clamping collar (44) and possibly the right-angle collar. (20) equipped with a sole. When the drive unit is fixed to the carriage (19), it is intended to drive a tool mounted on a spindle (26) rotating at the end of an arm (24) which is articulated on a tool holder (23) itself slidably fixed to the carriage and equipped with a rotation axis (22) cooperating with the drive unit by a connecting member (21) and with the spindle by a conventional transmission. A top saw table (28) with a rip support (61) is fixed between the frames so that it can be removed and occupy several positions, and an additional table (32) is fixed laterally and also in several positions and orientations according to the machining operations initiated. At the bottom, the structure laterally and retractably receives a jointer-planer assembly (E) whose tool (38) can be connected on the spit (26). The structure also includes movable crossbeams (5, 6, 7) and bars (5a - 30>) serving as table extensions, accessory supports and carrying handles, as well as other equipment such as a jigsaw (SS), scroll saw (SCH)...). -6- According to a first characteristic of the addition, the bars (30) are associated with removable devices referenced in their set in (DD) and intended to fulfill many functions, according to their adaptations as will be seen later. Figure 5 illustrates the components of each multi-function device: a cross collar (66) formed in a parallelepiped block (66a) having two end slots (66b) oriented at 90° to each other and opening into two circular orifices (66c) oriented in the same way. Each slotted end is equipped with screws (67) for tightening the collars around cylindrical parts such as bars (30) or the longer arm (68a) of a bracket with a cylindrical section (68) the other arm (68b) of which constitutes an axis of rotation for a roller (f9) mounted against a shoulder (68b1) and held in translation by a screw (70) engaged in a tapped hole (68b1) at the end.Figure 5 also shows a screw (71) with a generously sized operating head (71a) and a tapered end (71b), which can be engaged in a tapped hole (D68a) located transversely near the end of the arm (68a). This screw (71) can advantageously be one of the screws used to secure the bars (30S) to the cross member (6 or 7) in order to form the handle of. transport of the structure. As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the devices (DD) can be mounted on one or more bars (30) placed end-to-end and fixed externally to the frame (1 or 2) in such a way as to create an extension of the saw table for working on long and flexible pieces that then rest on the rollers (69) positioned in line with the table (28). Note that a cross member (6 or 7) can be placed as a support between the frame (1 or 2) and a device (DD). A device (DD) - bar (30) assembly can also be placed on each side of the table, as illustrated in Figure 8; these assemblies are fixed to the frames. so that the pebbles <69) are in alignment with the halves tables (36 - 37>) of the jointer-planer. According to another adaptation of the devices (DD) illustrated in Figure 9, a bar (30) is fixed vertically to the support (23) which has tapped or smooth holes for this purpose. A cross collar (66) is mounted on this bar, and then another bar (30) is fixed horizontally to said collar. The second bar is then connected to a second cross collar (66) which in turn carries a pressure member (72) intended either to be applied to the workpiece if it is fixed during operation, or to be applied only by sliding relative to the moving workpiece during operation. Another pressure member or stop (73) can be placed opposite the ripping support (61) to ensure the blocking or sliding guidance of the workpiece during the Molding operations. To perform grooving or - For cupping with a tool (T) mounted on the spindle (26), two devices (DD) mounted on bars (30) attached to the table (28) and fixed in alignment with the frame can be used, as illustrated in Figure 10. In this case, the rollers (69) are removed to fix the shaft (68b) of the brackets (68) in one of the holes (66c) of the collars in a horizontal position, and the operating screw (71) is mounted on the other arm (68a), the head of which (71a) can be applied in pressure on the part, thus creating jacks. According to variants illustrated in Figure 11, a part can be locked or prevented from accidentally rising by combining the various components of the devices (DO) and the bars (30). For example, a bar (30) can be fixed vertically to the structure, a cross collar (66) to this bar, and then a second bar (30) horizontally, carrying at each end a cross collar (66) with either a bracket (68) engaged by its arm (68b) and supported by its arm (68a) on the part, or a bracket (68a) engaged by its arm (68b) supported by the part. operating screw (71) mounted at the end. According to the Patent Application, a device (D) can be mounted in place of the tool holder (23) to drive either a jigsaw (SS) or a scroll saw (SCH). For the jigsaw version, it is interesting to guide the saw blade in its alternating movements. For this, we can use the multi-function device <DD) 0 comme le montre la figure 12. A cet effet, on fixe verticalement soit sur la table (28) soit sur une traverse de rallonge (5), une barre (30), un collier croisé (66) portant horizontalement une deuxième barre (30) portant à son tour un deuxième collier croisé (66) dans lequel on engage et on fixe the branch (68b>) of the set square. The branch (68b) has a groove (68b3) along part of its length, which is aligned with the saw blade to provide guidance and prevent any bending. A third crossed collar (66) can then be fixed to the other branch (68a) to receive a pressure member (72) preventing the lifting of the part. In the scroll saw version (SCH) illustrated in Figure 13, the saw tensioner consists of a tube (74) equipped with an internal spring and piston connected to the saw D and operated by a bushing (75). The tube (74) is fixed in a cross collar (66) carried by a horizontal bar (30) itself connected to another cross collar (66) mounted on another bar (30) which is fixed to the structure. Multi-devices can still be used functions (DD) for fixing the models to be reproduced between centers. For this purpose, and as illustrated in Figure 14, one or more bars (30) are fixed end-to-end between the frames (1 and 2) of the structure. Two crossed collars (66) are fixed horizontally to these bars, and two brackets (68) are mounted on the collars by their arms (68b) in such a way that the other arms (68a) are perpendicular to the bars (30). The operating screws (71) are then engaged in said arms (68a) so that their tapered ends (71b) are facing each other and serve as centering points for the model. According to another embodiment illustrated in the figure, the bars (30) are fixed to the frames and support the crossed collars (66). In this case, the brackets (68) are inserted from bottom to top into the collars by their arms 0 (68b) so that, via a spacer (76), a template can be fixed by means of the operating screws (71). (49) of copying by probe (53). The bars (30) and the cross collars (66) can also serve as stops or adjustable guides in various operations, thanks to the multiple fixing points of the bars (30) provided on the elements main elements of the structure. According to another important feature of the addition implemented to improve copying operations, a special linkage device is provided between the probe (53), which rests against a template or model part, and the cross carriage (19). For this purpose, and as illustrated in Figure 16, the upper part (19b) of the carriage has a bore (19bl) into which a fixed nut (77) is inserted at the rear end. This nut is designed to cooperate with a screw (78), the rear part of which (78a) is secured to a vernier (79) after passing through a bearing (80). In its front part, the screw (78) has a bore opening on one side (78b) into which a coil spring (81) is engaged. This spring bears between the bottom of the bore and the enlarged end (82a) of a rod (82), which is retained in the bore by means such as crimping.The first rod (82) is connected to a leg (83) which is itself fixed to the rod (53a) of the probe which is mounted in an adjustable manner on the upper part (19b) of the carriage. An adjustable stop (84) is. __ planned between the leg (83) and the front face of the carriage. -10- With this particular setup, it is understood that once the probe is adjusted, the contact pressure remains virtually constant between the probe and the template or model part; when the carriage is moved back, this pressure does not change. the tension adjustment. According to another feature of the addition, designed to enhance safety, the circular saw (SO) mounted on the pivoting arm (24) and the spindle (26) is protected by a U-shaped guard (85) which rests at the front on the table (2e) and is hinged at the rear to a riving knife (86) mounted on the arm (24) in order to follow the movements of the saw. To further expand the working possibilities and taking advantage of the fact that the structure has frames (1, 5 and 2) forming a worktable, a parallel-jaw vise (ES) has been positioned on one of these frames, frame (2) for example, allowing cutting, drilling, milling, etc., operations to be carried out with the drive unit (P) fixed to the carriage and moved in translation by all the means described. _3 in the Patent Application. This vise, illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, consists of a base (87) with adjustable mounting on the frame (2) and supporting a support block (88) for a fixed jaw (89). Parallel slides (90) are fixed perpendicularly to the lower part of the block and below the fixed jaw. A support block (91) for a movable jaw (92) can be moved along these slides. A locking nut (93) is housed in the support block (91). The nut's groove (93a) engages the slides (90) by pulling upwards. The nut is indexed in rotation by a screw (94) passing through it and opening onto the front face of the block to ensure complete clamping of the workpieces by the jaw. mobile mounted and guided on pressure screws (95). Note that the slides (90) have threaded ends to potentially receive the bars (30) in order to to create extensions. -11- We can also see -in Figure 4 - that circular saws can be sharpened by positioning them on the raised table (32) and fixing a suitable grinding wheel (M) onto the spindle (26) connected to the drive unit (P). A spring stop (96) is interposed in the field of moving the saw to index it tooth by tooth. The adjustable cutting guide (29) described in the Patent Application, comprising a right-angled support (29a) on the vertical face of which a right-angled guide (29b) can slide and be locked, receives a tenoning support (29c) carrying a protective cover (29d). The workpiece can be abutted against said cover and held by a multi-function device, i.e., by an operating screw (71) engaged in a right-angled bracket (68) which is carried by a cross collar (66) fixed to a bar (30) itself connected to the support (29c), as seen in Figure 18. Note that a cross member (6 or 7) can be fixed to the guide (29) to extend the guidance and serve as a stop with the rip support (61). Similarly, another bar (30) can be screwed onto an element (29e) of the adjustment device of the square return (29b), to constitute a stop using a cross collar (66).According to another implementation of the bars (30) illustrated in figure 19, it is possible to drill deep holes with the driving element (P) fixed on the. trolley (19). To achieve this, the upper part (lb) of the frame (1) is placed externally to the structure, connecting it to the frame (2) with bars (30). A tailstock (97) is mounted on these bars to hold the workpiece, the other end of which is centered in a bell (98) engaged in the collar (44) for securing the drive unit, through which the drill bit passes. This provides the full stroke of the carriage for direct blind drilling or openings by reversal. -12- Finally, as can be seen in Figure 1, one or more retractable brackets (99) can be provided from the frames (1 and 2) to fix the structure to any work surface, and an emergency stop button (100) is located in a very accessible part of the structure. The advantages are clearly stated in the description. It also highlights: the numerous possibilities for using multi-function devices (DD) with bars (30); the constant tension of the probe when resting on the template or the model part thanks to its elastic mounting on the cross carriage; parallel bars fixed to the structure for easy execution of certain operations; and the safety accessories. (flanges, casings, stop button...). * -s -13-

Claims

DEMANDS - -1- Versatile structure for all machining work mainly of soft materials, according to the claims 1, 2 and 5 of the Application, comprising a rigid frame (B) consisting of two parallel frames (1 and 2) braced by fixed cross members (3 and 4) and on which are fixed slides (8) for the translational guidance of a carriage (9) equipped with a cross slide (19) receiving a drive unit (P); said structure having various equipment and accessories such as tables with variable positions (28, 32), motion transmission and control devices, orientable cutting guides (29), removable cross members (5, 6, 7) and bars (30) which can serve as table extensions and transport handles, copying and turning equipment, and mounting equipment. circular saws, jigsaws, scroll saws, planers jointer, allowing a plurality of different machining operations with the frame positioned both horizontally and vertically; said structure is characterized in that the bars (30) are associated with removable and multi-functional devices <DD) comprenant chacun un collier croisé (66), une équerre a section cylindrique (68), un galet cylindrique (69). une vis de manoeuvre (71), et des moyens de vissage et de serrage (67 - 70); ces éléments étant judicieusement assemblés entre eux et avec une barre (30) pour réaliser différents organes tels que guides, rallonges, supports contrepointes, butées, presseurs, vérins, dans le cadre des nombreuses opérations d'usinage réalisées avec la structure et ses équipements. -2- Structure selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que Each crossed collar (66) consists of a parallelepiped block footplate (66a) having two end slots (66b) oriented at 90° to each other and opening into two circular orifices (66c) oriented in the same way, one intended for the passage of a bar (30) and the other for the passage of one of the arms of the bracket (68); suitable screws (67) passing through each slot to ensure the tightening of said bar and of said branch. -3- Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that each cylindrical section bracket (68) is made up of a leg (68a) longer than the leg (68b); the leg (68a) has, near its free end, a transverse thread (68al) for mounting the operating screw (71), while the leg (68b) has a shoulder (68bl) for mounting the roller (69) in free rotation and against a stop, which is held in translation therein by a screw (70) engaged in a axial tapping (68b2) at the end of said branch. -4- Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the operating screw (71) has a gripping head (71ia> dimensioned to be easily maneuverable and to constitute a large bearing surface, while the other terminate end (71b) is tapered to serve as a centering of the tailstock type for the parts to be machined by turning; said screw (71> is advantageously that which cooperates with a bar (30) and a removable cross member (6 or 7) to constitute the carrying handle. -5- Structure according to claims 1 and 3 together, characterized in that the branch ( <Sb) de l'équerre à section cylindrique (68) présente sur une partie de sa hauteur une rainure (68b3) destinée à guider une lame de scie sauteuse (SS) 3 après positionnement en alignement de ladite branche portée par le collier croisé (66) lui- même assujetti à une barre (30) attached to the structure. -6- Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that -5 the multi-function devices (DD) are fixed by the -15- cross clamps (66) on one or more bars (30) added end-to-end and fixed to one or both frames (1 or 2) externally to the structure, to form extensions of sawing or planing tables; the long workpieces resting on the rollers (69) aligned with said tables. -7- Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, to tension and hold a scroll saw blade (SCH), a set of two bars (30) connected at right angles by a cross collar (66) is positioned on the structure; the horizontal bar (30) carrying a second cross collar (66) in which a tensioning device of the tube-jack type (74) is engaged - 75> associated with the saw blade. -8- Structure according to claim 1, characterized in that to hold or prevent the lifting of the parts during work, one or more pressure members (72) are positioned on one or more crossed collars (66) carried by bars (30); said pressure members being able to be constituted directly by the brackets & cylindrical section (68) or by the operating screws (71).-9- Structure according to claim 1 and according to claim 15 of the Patent Application comprising a copying device of the type probe (53) carried by the cross carriage <19) to be moved in support against a template or a model part, characterized in that the connection between the probe (53) and the cross carriage <19) is constituted by a device ensuring a constant support tension of the probe on the template or the model part; said device is composed of a hollow screw (78) for controlling in translation of the upper part (19b) of the carriage by a vernier (79); said screw having internally a coil spring <81) retained -3 by a rod <82) for connection with the probe (53) integral with -16-. the upper part (19b) of the carriage. -10- Structure according to claim 1 and according to the claim 6 of the Patent Application, comprising a holder- A square tool (23) is fixed to the carriage (19) and receives a swiveling arm (24) at the end of which is mounted a spindle (26) for fixing the tools, connected by a transmission to the drive unit (P), characterized in that, to increase safety, a profiled housing (85) covers the circular saw Y (SC), resting on the saw table and articulated to a riving knife (86) carried by the arm (24) to follow the saw movements. -11- Structure according to claim 1 and claim 2 of the Patent Application, characterized in that a parallel jaw vise (ES) is fixed to one of the frames (1 or 2) of the structure; said vise having, in particular, parallel slides (90) for adjusting the movable jaw, the ends of which are arranged to receive connecting bars (30). -12- Structure according to claim 1 and claim 8 of the Patent Application, characterized in that the folding table is equipped for fixing circular saws for sharpening by a grinding wheel () carried by the drive element <P) fixé sur le chariot croisé (19); une butée élastique (96) étant interposée dans le champ de moving the saw to index it tooth by tooth. - -13-Structure according to claim 1 and according to claim 7 of the Patent Application, characterized in that the orientable cutting guide (29) comprising a right-angled support (29a) on which a right-angled attachment (29b) can be adjusted, receives a tenoning support (29c) with a protective cover (29d) against which the workpiece is abutted, which is held 17- by a multi-function device (DD) associated with a bar (30)> fixed on said support <29c>. -14- Structure according to claim 1 and according to the claims 11 and 12 of the Patent Application, characterized in that bars (30> are fixed externally to the frame <2> and supported by the upper part (lb) of the other frame <(1) dissociated from its lower part <la>, in order to provide an extension for mounting a tailstock (97) for centering a workpiece centered elsewhere in a bell (98> mounted in the collar <44> equipping the frame (2>; said part being able to be drilled to a great depth by a drill bit positioned in the drive unit fixed on the carriage crosses (19).< / la>