Timber frame wall module, particularly for the construction of a building

Abstract

Timber frame wall module, in particular for the construction of a building The timber frame wall module (10) comprises, successively: - an interior panel (12), - a first insulating structure (14), comprising a first timber frame (16), the thickness of which is less than or equal to 160 mm, - a second insulating structure (18), comprising a second timber frame (20), the thickness of which is less than or equal to 160 mm. Figure for the abstract: Figure 1

Description

Title of the invention: Timber frame wall module, in particular for the construction of a building

[0001] The present invention relates to a timber frame wall module, in particular for the construction of a building.

[0002] Such a wall module forms, for example, a vertical load-bearing element of the building.

[0003] We already know, in the state of the art, a wall module formed from a panel derived from wood and a wooden frame comprising uprights and crosspieces. The wooden frame also houses thermal insulation.

[0004] Conventionally, the uprights and crosspieces have standard sections of dimensions 45x95 mm, 45x145 mm or 45x160 mm.

[0005] The invention aims in particular to improve the thermal performance of such a wall module, without drastically increasing its cost. Indeed, in order to increase the thermal performance, frames with a thickness of between 190 and 220 mm have been considered, but such non-standard frames are much more expensive.

[0006] To this end, the invention relates in particular to a wooden frame wall module, in particular for the construction of a building, characterized in that it comprises, successively:

[0007] - an interior panel,

[0008] - a first insulating structure, comprising a first wooden frame, of which the thickness is less than or equal to 160 mm,

[0009] - a second insulating structure, comprising a second wooden frame, of which the thickness is less than or equal to 160 mm.

[0010] The invention makes it possible to improve the thermal performance of the wall module, while retaining standard frame sections.

[0011] A wall module according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in any technically conceivable combination.

[0012] - The interior panel is a wood derivative.

[0013] - Each frame has uprights and crosspieces, each upright and each crosspiece with a section of dimensions 45x95 mm, 45x145 mm or 45x160 mm.

[0014] - The first and second frames are fixed to each other by connectors.

[0015] - Each frame has uprights, each upright of the first frame being fixed at a respective amount of the second frame.

[0016] - The first insulating structure has a height lower than that of the second insulating structure.

[0017] - The wall module further comprises an interior cladding layer.

[0018] - The wall module further comprises an exterior finishing structure, including for example: a rainscreen panel, lathing and cladding, or a layer of insulation and a hydraulic coating type covering.

[0019] - The inner panel is at least partially impervious to water vapor.

[0020] Various aspects and advantages of the invention will be highlighted in the following description, given solely by way of example and with reference to the appended figures, among which:

[0021] [Fig-1] [Fig. 1] is a perspective view of a wall module according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;

[0022] [Fig.2] [Fig.2] is an exploded view of the wall module of [Fig.l];

[0023] [Fig.3] [Fig.3] is a cross-section of an upper part of the module of wall of [Fig.l], assembled to form a building;

[0024] [Fig.4] [Fig.4] is a cross-sectional view of a lower portion of the wall module of [Fig.l], assembled to form a building;

[0025] [Fig.5] [Fig.5] is a perspective view, partially cut away, of a building wall comprising the wall module of [Fig.l].

[0026] Figures 1 and 2 show a wall module 10 according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. The wall module 10 is intended in particular for the construction of a building.

[0027] In the remainder of the description, the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "interior" and "exterior" are defined in the usual manner in relation to the location of a wall module within a building. The vertical direction Z corresponds to the elevation direction of the building and a horizontal plane is defined substantially perpendicular to the vertical direction, parallel to the ground or to an intermediate floor, on which the wall module is intended to be mounted.

[0028] The wall module extends mainly along a vertical plane.

[0029] The dimension of the wall module along the vertical direction Z is called height h. The dimension of the wall module in a longitudinal direction X, perpendicular to the vertical direction Z and parallel to said vertical plane, is called width L. Finally, the dimension of the wall module along a transverse direction Y perpendicular to said vertical plane is called thickness.

[0030] The wall module comprises different layers. The layers are superimposed according to a stacking direction, corresponding to the transverse direction Y.

[0031] The wall module 10 comprises three main layers, namely, successively:

[0032] - an interior panel 12 at least partially impermeable to water vapor and air,

[0033] - a first insulating structure 14, comprising a first wooden frame 16, whose thickness is less than or equal to 160 mm,

[0034] - a second insulating structure 18, comprising a second wooden frame 20, whose thickness is less than or equal to 160 mm.

[0035] The interior panel 12 is located on an interior side of the wall module, and the second insulating structure 18 is located on an exterior side of this wall module, considering the interior and exterior of the building to be constructed.

[0036] The inner panel 12 is at least partially watertight and airtight due to its physical properties, that is to say that it allows migration of water vapor while remaining airtight.

[0037] Advantageously, the interior panel 12 is a wood derivative. Usually, a wood derivative is made from sawn timber, veneers, shavings, strips or wood fibers, with the addition of natural and / or synthetic binders, as well as, in certain cases, additives.

[0038] Each frame 16, 20 is formed of beams comprising uprights (extending in the vertical direction Z) and crosspieces (extending in the longitudinal direction X).

[0039] The first frame 16 comprises two lateral uprights 161 forming, with a lower crosspiece 16i and an upper crosspiece 16s, a frame, and intermediate uprights 16a extend between the lower crosspiece 16i and upper crosspiece 16s over the entire width of the first frame 16.

[0040] According to the embodiment described, the lower 16i and upper 16s crosspieces of the first frame 16 are each formed of two stacked beams. However, as a variant, at least one of the lower 16i and upper 16s crosspieces could comprise only a single horizontal beam.

[0041] The second frame 20 comprises two lateral uprights 201 forming, with a lower crosspiece 20i and an upper crosspiece 20s, a frame, and intermediate uprights 20a extend between the lower crosspiece 20i and upper crosspiece 20s over the entire width of the second frame 20.

[0042] Unlike the first frame 16, the lower 20i and upper 20s crosspieces of the second frame 20 are each formed from a single beam.

[0043] Optionally, additional crosspieces may delimit a window 22 or, in an example not shown, a door. In this case, the panel 12 is also pierced with an opening opposite said window 22.

[0044] Each beam of each frame 16, 20 has a cross-section of dimensions 45x95 mm, 45x145 mm or 45x160 mm. More precisely, the uprights have a dimension of 45 mm in the longitudinal direction X, and a dimension of 95, 145 mm or 160 mm in the transverse direction Y. The crosspieces have a dimension of 45 mm in the vertical direction Z, and a dimension of 95, 145 mm or 160 mm in the transverse Y direction.

[0045] Thus, each frame 16, 20 has a thickness (considered in the transverse direction Y), less than or equal to 160 mm, in particular equal to 95 mm, 145 mm or 160 mm depending on the transverse dimension of each beam.

[0046] Advantageously, the frames 16, 20 have the same thickness, but they could alternatively have different thicknesses.

[0047] Each insulating structure 14, 18 comprises an insulating material 24, 26, housed between the uprights of the corresponding frame 16, 20. The insulating material 24, 26 is for example of the wood wool type, and extends continuously vertically between the upper crosspiece and the lower crosspiece of the frame of the frame, and longitudinally in defined intervals between the uprights of the frame. Alternatively, the insulating material may be a panel of wood fibers, glass wool, rock wool, blown wood fibers, or blown cellulose wadding.

[0048] According to the embodiment described, the first 14 and second 18 insulating structures are fixed to each other by connectors 28 fixed to the first 16 and second 20 frames. More particularly, each connector 28 connects two corresponding uprights to each other. Indeed, the frames 16, 20 are arranged in contact with each other, the uprights 161, 16a of the first frame 16 each being in contact with a respective upright 201, 20a of the second frame 20.

[0049] For example, at least one upright 16a is connected to a respective upright 20a by three connectors 28, namely an upper connector arranged in the top of the wall module 10, a lower connector arranged in the bottom of the wall module 10, and a central connector arranged in the center of the wall module 10.

[0050] Each connector 28 is for example formed by a metal plate, for example nailed to each corresponding upright, or fixed to these uprights by any other conceivable means.

[0051] It will be noted that the frames 16, 20 can be manufactured in the workshop and assembled there, to be brought back together, already assembled, to the construction site. Indeed, it is preferable to carry out a maximum number of operations in the workshop to limit the operations carried out on the construction site.

[0052] As shown in particular in [Fig. 1], the first insulating structure 14 has a height lower than that of the second insulating structure 18. Thus, the upper crosspiece 16s of the first frame 16 is located at a height lower than the upper crosspiece 20s of the second frame 20.

[0053] As a result, the upper crosspiece 16s of the first frame 16 can serve as a support for a ceiling or roof structure 30, as shown in [Fig.3].

[0054] The ceiling or roof structure 30 preferably has a height substantially equal to the difference in height between the first 16 and second 20 frames.

[0055] Thus, a wooden plate 32 can be arranged on the ceiling structure 30, while resting on the upper crosspiece 20s of the second frame 20.

[0056] Furthermore, the second frame 20 ensures the continuity of the thermal insulation, in particular preventing the creation of a thermal bridge at the level of the ceiling structure 30.

[0057] In the case of a multi-story building, an upper story may be added above said wooden plate 32, by arranging an upper wall module 10' above the wall module 10.

[0058] The ceiling structure 30, which forms for example an intermediate floor, is known per se. It comprises for example horizontal wooden rails 34, connected by connectors 36, for example metal. The ceiling structure could however have any other conceivable structure.

[0059] Advantageously, the wall module 10 is assembled with an interior covering layer 38.

[0060] The interior cladding 38 comprises, for example, a plaster cladding and supports for holding the cladding on the interior panel 12. This makes it possible in particular to have a satisfactory aesthetic appearance of the wall module from an interior point of view and to provide easy passage of the networks.

[0061] The interior cladding 38 may define an air gap with the interior panel 12. Alternatively, an additional insulator is arranged between the interior cladding 38 and the interior panel 12.

[0062] As shown in [Fig.5], an exterior finishing structure is preferably assembled to the wall module.

[0063] The exterior finishing structure comprises, for example, a rainscreen panel 40, cleats 42 (vertical in the example shown, or horizontal as a variant), and cladding 44. The exterior finishing structure makes it possible in particular to have a satisfactory appearance from the exterior point of view.

[0064] Alternatively, the exterior finishing structure comprises, for example, a layer of insulation and a hydraulic coating type coating.

[0065] In [Fig. 4] is shown the wall module 10 assembled to a floor 46. The floor 46 is for example formed by a concrete slab or wood. Advantageously, the concrete slab 46 is covered, on the inside of the building, by a layer of insulating foam 50, a screed 52, and a floor 54.

[0066] The wall module 10 is for example fixed to the floor 46 by means of a fixing system 48. The fixing system 48 comprises in particular screws passing through the lower crosspiece 16i of the first frame 16.

[0067] Advantageously, as indicated previously, the lower cross member 16i of the first frame 16 comprises two superimposed beams. In this case, the lower beam is for example an implantation rail, initially fixed to the slab. The rest of the wall module 10 is then anchored by a stud passing through the implantation rail to the support slab.

[0068] Other methods of fixing are however conceivable, in particular in the case where the lower crosspiece 16i only comprises one beam.

Claims

Claims

1. Wall module (10) with a wooden frame, in particular for the construction of a building, characterized in that it comprises, successively: - an interior panel (12), - a first insulating structure (14), comprising a first wooden frame (16), the thickness of which is less than or equal to 160 mm, - a second insulating structure (18), comprising a second wooden frame (20), the thickness of which is less than or equal to 160 mm and in that the first insulating structure (14) has a height less than that of the second insulating structure (18).

2. A wall module (10) according to claim 1, wherein the interior panel (12) is a wood derivative.

3. Wall module (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each frame (16, 20) comprises uprights and crosspieces, each upright and each crosspiece having a section of dimensions 45x95 mm, 45x145 mm or 45x160 mm.

4. A wall module (10) according to any preceding claim, wherein the first (16) and second (20) frames are secured to each other by connectors (28).

5. A wall module (10) according to claim 4, wherein each frame (16, 20) comprises uprights (16a, 20a), each upright of the first frame (16) being fixed to a respective upright of the second frame (20).

6. A wall module (10) according to any preceding claim, further comprising an inner cladding layer (38).

7. Wall module (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising an exterior finishing structure, comprising for example: - a rainscreen panel (40), lathing (42) and cladding (44), or - a layer of insulation and a hydraulic coating type covering.

8. A wall module (10) according to any preceding claim, wherein the inner panel (12) is at least partially vapor tight.

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