Improvements in relation to mounting electronic control units

Abstract

An in-vehicle electronic control unit (ECU) (10a, 10b, Fig 2c) is located within a mounting space in an inner body panel (20) of a vehicle. Standardised fixing means comprise panel fixing elements (80

Description

Technical Field of the Invention The present invention relates to mounting Electronic Control Units (ECUs) within a vehicle. In particular, the invention relates to an in-vehicle mounting assembly for ECUs; to a vehicle comprising such a mounting assembly; and to a method of mounting an ECU within a vehicle. Background to the Invention In automotive applications, ECUs are used to control vehicle functions such as engine control, door locks, airbags, and braking systems. As modem vehicles require many different vehicle functions, they comprise multiple ECUs, each responsible for controlling a specific vehicle function. ECUs are provided around the vehicle in a variety of locations, depending on where there is space to mount them. As space in vehicles is limited, it is common for ECUs to be mounted to an inner body panel of a vehicle. In known examples, the ECU is mounted between an inner body panel of the vehicle and an interior trim, for example in the trunk of a vehicle. Typically, such a space comprises an insulating material such as Polyurethane (PU) foam and the ECU is located within a cutout of the PU foam such that it is mounted adjacent to the inner body panel and / or the interior trim. This arrangement can be problematic as it limits air circulation for heat dissipation around each ECU. Additionally, since this arrangement can impinge upon useable space within the vehicle, there can be a trade off between mounting ECUs to minimise the depth of space required between the inner body panel and interior trim; and mounting such ECUs in an arrangement which maximises the number of ECUs that can be mounted in an available space. Typically, each ECU is secured in position by an individual bracket and provided with an individual wiring harness to connect the ECU to the engine and / or other vehicle sensors and components. As each ECU is provided in a different location, each bracket and wiring harness is designed for the specific ECU and location. Not only is the design and manufacturing of bespoke brackets and harnesses costly, but fitting the brackets and harnesses can also be complicated and time consuming, requiring knowledge of each specific arrangement. This also makes it difficult to replace ECUs or to retrofit additional ECUs. Accordingly, it would be beneficial to provide ECUs in standard sizes so that they can be fitted using standard components rather than bespoke brackets. Whilst standardisation could enable ECUs to be mounted in interchangeable positions within a vehicle, it is often still advantageous that each particular ECU is assigned to a dedicated location within the vehicle. This eases the task of testing / checking ECUs post installation; as well as ensuring that a wiring harness, or at least a suitable wired connection, is available for each ECU. There is therefore a danger that use of standardised fittings for ECUs can result in the mounting of ECUs in incorrect locations. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an ECU mounting solution that at least partially overcomes or alleviates these problems. Summary of the Invention According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an in-vehicle electronic control unit (ECU) mounting assembly, the assembly comprising: a vehicle inner body panel having two or more mounting spaces; and two or more ECUs; wherein each mounting space is provided with standard fixing means comprising groups of panel fixing elements and each ECU is provided with standard fixing means comprising groups of ECU fixing elements, the standard fixing means cooperating to fix an ECU to a mounting space; wherein the groups of panel fixing elements for each mounting space are arranged in different patterns to each other and the groups of ECU fixing elements for each ECU are arranged in different patterns to each other; wherein the pattern of one group of panel fixing elements matches the pattern of only one group of ECU fixing elements; and wherein one particular ECU having the group of ECU fixing elements which match the pattern of the group of panel fixing elements for one particular mounting space is fixed to that particular mounting space; wherein each panel fixing element pattern and each ECU fixing element pattern are selected from a set of related patterns; and wherein the set of related patterns are based on a template lattice cell; and are distinguished by omitting panel fixing elements or ECU fixing elements at one or more lattice points within the template lattice cell. The provision of different patterns of cooperating panel elements and ECU elements can help facilitate correct and efficient installation of particular ECUs in particular dedicated mounting spaces using components that are otherwise standardised. This also simplifies installation of replacement ECUs or retrofitting of upgraded ECUs. Additionally, replacement of discrete ECU mounting brackets with standardised fittings having different patterns can potentially reduce tooling costs, depending upon the nature of the patterns. It may also reduce vehicle mass, if the standardised fittings are smaller than the discrete brackets of the prior art. The set of related patterns are based on a template lattice cell. Panel fixing elements or ECU fixing elements are provided at lattice points within the template lattice cell. In some embodiments, the template lattice cell is a two dimensional lattice cell. The template lattice cell may be a regular lattice cell or a combination of two or more regular lattice cells. Suitable regular lattices include; but are not limited to; square lattices, rectangular lattices, oblique lattices, hexagonal lattices or the like. In some embodiments, there are two or more groups of ECU fitting elements for each ECU and / or two or more groups of panel fitting elements for each mounting space. In such embodiments, the two or more groups of ECU fitting elements or panel fitting elements associated with a single ECU or a single mounting space may have like patterns. Preferably in such embodiments, two or more groups of ECU fitting elements or panel fitting elements associated with each ECU or each mounting space are not specified transformations of each other. For instance, the two or more groups of ECU fitting elements or panel fitting elements may not be simple rotations or reflections of each other. This helps prevent an ECU being mounted in a correct position with an incorrect orientation. The panel fixing elements and ECU fixing elements may comprise any suitable cooperating features. In some embodiments, the panel fixing elements comprise male projecting elements and the ECU fixing elements comprise corresponding female receiving elements. In alternative embodiments, the ECU fixing elements comprise male projecting elements and the panel fixing elements comprise corresponding female receiving elements. In one particular embodiment, the panel fixing elements comprise one or more fixing studs and the ECU fixing elements comprise one or more corresponding fixing holes. Each fixing stud may be adapted to engage with a fixing nut or end cap. In such embodiments, the fixing stud and the fixing nut or end cap must be provided with corresponding threads. This conveniently allows the studs to aid alignment of the ECU with the mounting space before being secured in place using the fixing nuts. The skilled person will appreciate that other arrangements of corresponding elements may be substituted where appropriate. Each ECU may comprise an interface end and an opposing blind end. The interface end of each ECU may comprise one or more wires, sockets or the like. The wires and / or sockets may enable connection between the ECU and other vehicle systems. In some cases, the interface end may additionally comprise one or more switches and / or or status indicators. In such embodiments, the switches and / or status indicators may facilitate an integration process with other vehicle systems and / or maintenance / repair post installation. Each ECU may be of a single standard size or of one of a set of standard sizes. In some embodiments, each ECU may be substantially cuboid. Suitable standard sizes may include 220mm horizontally across a mounting slot (allowing a 3mm clearance on all sides to the slightly larger slot); 40mm vertically across the mounting slot; and 100mm depth through the mounting slot. By providing a limited number of standard sizes of ECU, the other features of the ECU mounting assembly may also be standardised, simplifying design and installation as well as potentially reducing costs. This further facilitates subsequent changes of ECU and / or retrofitting of additional and / or upgraded ECUs. An external surface of each ECU may comprise a housing. The housing may substantially correspond in size and / or shape to the ECU. The housing can provide a measure of protection to the internal elements of the ECU. The housing may comprise at least one open end. The at least one open end may correspond in size and / or shape to the interface end of the ECU. The interface end of the ECU may be accessible through the at least one open end. Each ECU may comprise at least one bracket. The at least one bracket may be a standard size. The at least one bracket may be integrally formed with the ECU or the housing. Alternatively, the at least one bracket may be attached to the ECU or housing. The at least one bracket may be attached to the ECU or housing at or adjacent to the interface end. The at least one bracket may be a right-angled bracket or a corner bracket, with the forward face and the face at the side of the housing each being 25mm wide and 40mm deep. The at least one bracket may be an end plate. The end plate may comprise an opening corresponding to the area of the interface end of the ECU. The plate may have dimensions greater than the one or more receiving slots. In embodiments comprising brackets, the ECU fixing elements may be provided on the brackets. The at least one bracket may be adapted to accommodate a wiring harness or clip. The adaptation may comprise one or more apertures through which the wiring harness or clip can be fitted and / or projections onto which the wiring harness or clip can be fitted. In other embodiments, each mounting space may comprise a receiving slot in the inner body panel. The receiving slot may be adapted such that at least the blind end of the ECU can pass therethrough; such that when the ECU is secured to the inner body panel using the fixing means, the blind end of the ECU is provided between the inner body panel and an outer body panel; and the interface end of the ECU is accessible from an inner side of the inner body panel. Such an ECU mounting assembly advantageously allows the ECUs to be provided in the otherwise unutilised space between an inner body panel and an outer body panel of the vehicle; as opposed to being stored between an inner body panel and a corresponding interior trim panel as is customary. Utilising the space between an inner body panel and an outer body panel to store the ECU is beneficial as it enables the interior trim to be provided closer to the inner body panel, as it is no longer required to be of sufficient depth to house and cover the ECU. This increases the volume of useable space within the vehicle, which may be used to store more luggage; or to provide more space within the cabin to improve passenger comfort. Furthermore, as the otherwise unutilised space between the inner body panel and the outer body panel does not commonly comprise an insulating material, it is much easier to provide adequate circulation around the ECU to permit sufficient cooling of the device. In embodiments comprising receiving slots and an end plate, the end plate may have dimensions exceeding the dimensions of the receiving slot. In embodiments comprising receiving slots, the panel fixing elements may be provided adjacent to each receiving slot. In embodiments comprising receiving slots, each receiving slot may comprise reinforcement about at least a portion of the slot. The reinforcement may comprise a flange or the like. This can increase the rigidity of the inner body panel in the vicinity of the receiving slot such that the weight of each ECU may be easily supported. In embodiments comprising receiving slots, the inner panel may comprise a single receiving slot or multiple receiving slots. Provision of multiple receiving slots is advantageous as it enables multiple ECUs of standard sizes to be mounted to a single inner body panel. This further allows the number and positioning of the ECUs to be optimised. In embodiments comprising receiving slots, each receiving slot may be of a single standard size or of one of a set of standard sizes. A suitable standard size may be, but is not limited to, 226mm by 46mm. In some embodiments, each receiving slot may correspond in size to at least one of the standard sizes of the ECU; with clearances for ease of fitting. By providing a limited number of standard sizes, the ECU mounting assembly may also be standardised, at least in its principal dimensions, simplifying design and installation as well as potentially reducing costs. This further facilitates subsequent changes of ECU and / or retrofitting of additional and / or upgraded ECUs. Where there are multiple receiving slots provided, each receiving slot may be the same size. In such embodiments, each receiving slot may be of the same standard size corresponding to a standard size ECU. Alternatively, where there are multiple receiving slots provided, some or all of the receiving slots may be of different sizes. In such embodiments, each receiving slot may comprise one of a set of standard sizes corresponding to a set of standard ECU sizes. Where there are multiple receiving slots provided, each receiving slot may be provided adjacent to another receiving slot. In such embodiments, the multiple receiving slots may be provided in a regular pattern or array. For example, two or more receiving slots may be provided along a common axis across the panel surface. This can provide a space efficient arrangement of receiving slots on the available panel area. As such, this can maximise the number of ECUs that can be mounted on a single inner body panel. In some embodiments, each mounting space may comprise a receiving area on an inner side of the inner body panel. In such embodiments, the panel fixing elements may be provided at an edge of, or adjacent to, each receiving area. In embodiments comprising receiving areas, the inner panel may comprise a single receiving area or multiple receiving areas. Provision of multiple receiving areas is advantageous, as it enables multiple ECUs of standard sizes to be mounted to a single inner body panel. This further allows the number and positioning of the ECUs to be optimised. In embodiments comprising receiving areas, each receiving area may be of a single standard size, e.g. 226mm by 46mm; or of one of a set of standard sizes. In some embodiments, each receiving area may correspond in size to at least one of the standard sizes of the ECU. By providing a limited number of standard sizes, the ECU mounting assembly may also be standardised, simplifying design and installation as well as potentially reducing costs. This further facilitates subsequent changes of ECU and / or retrofitting of additional and / or upgraded ECUs. Where there are multiple receiving areas provided, each receiving area may be the same size. In such embodiments, each receiving area may be of the same standard size corresponding to a standard size ECU. Alternatively, where there are multiple receiving areas provided, some or all of the receiving areas may be of different sizes. In such embodiments, each receiving area may comprise one of a set of standard sizes corresponding to a set of standard ECU sizes. Where there are multiple receiving areas provided, each receiving area may be provided adjacent to another receiving area. In such embodiments, the multiple receiving areas may be provided in a regular pattern or array. For example, two or more receiving areas may be provided along a common axis across the panel surface. This can provide a space efficient arrangement of receiving areas on the available panel area. As such, this can maximise the number of ECUs that can be mounted on a single inner body panel. The ECU mounting assembly may be provided in any suitable location within a vehicle. Suitable locations include but are not limited to: above or around a vehicle wheel arch; within a vehicle front wing; within a vehicle rear wing; within a vehicle bulkhead area; or the like. In some embodiments, the ECU(s) may be provided in locations at lower risk of damage from low speed crash impacts. Typically, this may comprise locations that are not forward of the front wheel arches or rearward of the rear wheel arches. This has the benefit that should the vehicle be involved in a collision, it is less likely that the ECU mounting assembly will be damaged and need to be fixed and / or replaced. In embodiments comprising receiving slots, in locations where the available panel area is not rectilinear, larger sized receiving slots may be provided in broader sections of the available panel area. This can help make the most efficient use of the available panel area. For example, if the mounting assembly is provided adjacent to a wheel arch, receiving slots provided directly above the peak of the arch may be wider than those provided to either side of the arch. Similarly, receiving slots provided on either side of the arch, closer to the peak of the arch may be wider than those provided further from the peak of the arch. In embodiments comprising receiving slots, in locations where the inner body panel and outer body panel are not parallel and there are multiple receiving slots, the receiving slots may be positioned such that larger receiving slots are in locations where the spacing between the inner body panel and the outer body panel is larger. This facilitates fitting larger ECUs where there is more space between the inner body panel and the outer body panel. The ECU mounting assembly may comprise a wiring harness. The wiring harness may be a standard size and / or shape. The wiring harness may comprise one or more wires and / or one or more sockets or the like. The wires and / or sockets may be adapted to connect to the one or more sockets and / or one or more wires of the interface end. Provision of such a wiring harness enables each ECU provided in the ECU mounting assembly to be efficiently connected to the one or more vehicle systems. The interface end of the ECU may be colour coded and / or shaped to correspond to the wiring harness. This can help facilitate correct and efficient installation. The vehicle may comprise an interior trim. The interior trim may be provided over the inner panel. The wiring harness may be provided between the inner panel and the interior trim. At least one of the interior trim or the inner panel may comprise means for releasably attaching the wiring harness. For example, suitable means may include releasable fasteners, clips, or brackets. The wiring harness may comprise at least one conduit. A plurality of wires may pass through the at least one conduit. In some such embodiments, an insulating layer may be provided between the inner body panel and the interior trim. The insulating layer may comprise one or more cutouts. This can assist in accommodating the ECU, the fixing means and / or any wires or wiring harness. The insulating layer may be formed from a foam material. Suitable foam materials include but are not limited to Polyurethane (PU) foam. The ECU may be connected to one or more vehicle systems via the interface end. The ECU may be connected to any suitable vehicle system. Suitable vehicle systems include but are not limited to: engine management systems, engine sensors, tyre pressure sensors, lane assist sensors, parking sensors, electric windows, powered wing mirrors, windscreen wipers, in-vehicle entertainment systems, vehicle alarms, vehicle telemetry units or the like. The vehicle may be powered by an internal combustion engine (ICE). The vehicle may be powered by one or more electric motor(s). According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle comprising an in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly according to the first aspect of the present invention. The vehicle of the second aspect of the present invention may comprise any features of the in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly of the first aspect of the present invention, as desired or as appropriate. In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of mounting an ECU within a vehicle comprising the steps of: providing an in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly according to the first aspect of the present invention; selecting an ECU having a group of ECU fixing elements which match the pattern of a group of panel fixing elements for a particular mounting space; and fixing the ECU to that particular mounting space. The method of the third aspect of the present invention may comprise any features of the in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly of the first aspect of the present invention or of the vehicle of the second aspect of the present invention, as desired or as appropriate. The method may comprise the step of connecting one or more vehicle systems to the ECU. The connection may be via one or more wires or the like. In some embodiments, the method may comprise the step of providing a wiring harness; and connecting the wiring harness to each ECU provided in the in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly. Optionally, the method may comprise the step of connecting the interface end of each ECU to the plurality of wires of the wiring harness. In such embodiments, the method may comprise the step of releasably attaching the wiring harness to at least one of the interior trim or inner panel. The method may include the step of applying an interior trim over the installed ECU. In such cases, the method may include the step of applying an insulating layer between the inner body panel and the interior trim. The method may include the step of providing one or more cutout sections in the insulating layer. Detailed Description of the Invention In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, one or more embodiments thereof will now be described - by way of example only - with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which: Figure la is a schematic illustration of an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) for a vehicle; Figure lb is a schematic illustration of a first example of an ECU including brackets which can be provided with a group of ECU fixing elements in a defined pattern, according to the present invention; Figure 1c is a schematic illustration of a second example of an ECU including brackets which can be provided with a group of ECU fixing elements in a defined pattern, according to the present invention; Figure Id is a schematic illustration of a third example of an ECU including brackets which can be provided with a group of ECU fixing elements in a defined pattern, according to the present invention; Figure 2a is a schematic cross-section of an in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly according to the present invention, using an ECU and bracket according to Figure lb or 1c; Figure 2b is a view of a receiving slot layout provided in the inner body panel of the in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly according to Figure 2a; Figure 2c is a perspective view of the in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly according to the present invention, using ECUs and brackets according to Figure lb; Figure 3 a is an indicative ECU bracket of the type shown in Figure lb illustrating an example template cell for the pattern of the group of ECU fixing elements; Figure 3b is an indicative mounting space of the type shown in Figure 2b illustrating an example template cell for the pattern of the group of panel fixing elements; Figures 4a-d are a series of indicative ECU brackets of the type shown in Figure lb illustrating alternative patterns of ECU fixing elements based on the example template cell of Figure 3; Figure 5a is a schematic cross-section of an alternative in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly according to the present invention, using an ECU and bracket according to Figure Id; Figure 5b is a perspective view of an alternative in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly according to the present invention, using an ECU and bracket according to Figure Id; and Figure 6 is an illustrative view of a vehicle indicating potential locations for the in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly according to the present invention. In automotive applications, Electronic Control Units (ECUs) are used to control vehicle functions such as engine control, door locks, airbags, and braking systems. As modern vehicles require many different vehicle functions, they typically comprise multiple ECUs, each responsible for controlling a specific vehicle function. ECUs are provided around the vehicle in a variety of locations, depending on where there is space for them to be mounted. Turning now to Figure la, an indicative Electronic Control Unit (ECU) 10 for a vehicle is shown. The ECU comprises multiple components provided in a simple box shaped housing 11. The skilled person will however appreciate that different or more complex housing shapes may be utilised, if required or desired. The ECU 10 comprises an interface end 12 provided with a number of sockets 13 adapted to enable connection to one or more wires 60, cables or the like (Figs. 2a, 2c); and an opposing blind end 14. In this manner, the ECU 10 can be connected to other vehicle systems. The skilled person will appreciate that the number and nature of the sockets 13 can vary according to the particular requirements of the ECU 10. In some instances (not shown in the example), a wire or cable (optionally fitted with a connector, ferrule or the like) may additionally or alternatively project from the interface end. In the present invention, described in more detail below, in order to mount an ECU 10 within a vehicle 100, standardised fixing means (typically being studs, nuts, and through holes) are provided for fixing an ECU 10 to a mounting space 25 in an inner body panel 20 of the vehicle 100. The fixing means comprise a group of panel fixing elements (80, Fig. 2c) provided on the inner body panel 20 and a group of ECU fixing elements (90, Fig. 5b) provided on the ECU 10 or on a suitable bracket 71, 73 attached to or forming part of the ECU 10. The respective panel fixing elements 80 and ECU fixing elements 90 cooperate with each other to enable an ECU 10 to be fixed to a mounting space (25, Fig. 2a) on the inner body panel 20. Where there are multiple ECUs 10 and multiple mounting spaces 25, it is desirable for each particular ECU 10 to be mounted in a dedicated mounting space 25. This eases the task of testing / checking ECUs 10 post installation as well as ensuring that a wiring harness or at least a suitable wired connection 60 is available for each ECU 10. To allow a particular ECU 10 to be mounted in a dedicated mounting space 25 for that particular ECU, the groups of ECU fixing elements 90 for each ECU are arranged in different patterns. Each different ECU fixing element pattern is provided within a defined pattern area 95 (Fig. 4). Similarly, the groups of panel fixing elements 80 for each mounting space 25 are arranged in different patterns; and each panel fixing element 80 pattern is provided within a defined pattern area 85 (Fig. 3). This allows a particular ECU 10 having a group of ECU fixing elements 90 to be fixed to a dedicated mounting space 25 which has a matching pattern of panel fixing elements 80. To better illustrate these principles, various examples of exemplary in-vehicle mounting assemblies are described further below. Turning to Figure lb, a first example of an ECU 10 adapted for mounting according to the present invention is illustrated. In this example the ECU has a bracket in the form of an end plate 71 attached to (or attached adjacent to) the interface end 12 of the ECU 10. In this example the end plate 71 has an opening 72 through which the electronic sockets 13 can be accessed. A group of ECU fixing elements 90 is arranged in a pattern on a pattern area 95 of projecting tab 74. The ECU 10 and end plate 71 of Figure lb is suitable for mounting in a receiving slot 21 provided in inner body panel 20, as is illustrated in Figures 2a-2c, described in more detail below. In the alternative example of Figure 1c, the ECU 10 is provided with two comer brackets 73 attached to opposing sides of the ECU 10 adjacent to the interface end 12. Each comer bracket 73 has a projecting tab 74. A group of ECU fixing elements 90 is arranged in a pattern on a pattern area 95 of projecting tab 74. The ECU 10 and comer brackets 73 of Figure 1c is also suitable for mounting in a receiving slot 21 provided in inner body panel 20, as is illustrated in Figures 2a-2c, described in more detail below. Turing to the further example of Figure Id, a first example of an ECU 10 is provided with a corner bracket 73 provided midway between the interface end 12 and the blind end 14 on either side of the ECU 10. As in Figure 1c, each corner bracket 73 comprises a projecting tab 74. A group of ECU fixing elements 90 is arranged in a pattern on pattern area 95 of projecting tab 74. The ECU 10 and corner bracket 73 of Figure Id is suitable for mounting with the largest ECU 10 surface alongside the inner body panel 20, as is illustrated in Figure 5a and 5b, described in more detail below. Turning to Figure 2, one example of an in-vehicle mounting assembly 2 of the present invention is illustrated. This example assembly 2 illustrated is suitable for use with an ECU 10 and end plate bracket 71 of the type shown in Figure lb, but the skilled person will appreciate that an ECU 10 and corner backets 73 of Figure 1c could be substituted. In the assembly 2, the blind end 14 of each ECU 10 is located between the inner body panel 20 and the outer body panel 30; with the interface end 12 of the ECU 10 accessible from an inner side of the inner body panel 20. In this configuration, the skilled person will appreciate that the interface end 12 may be recessed from the inner body panel 20; may project from the inner body panel 20; or may be substantially level with the inner body panel 20, as required. To facilitate this arrangement, each mounting space 25 comprises a receiving slot 21. In the example of Figure 2b there are two receiving slots 21a, 21b provided in a vertically stacked arrangement. Each receiving slot 21 is adapted such that at least the blind end 14 of the ECU 10 can pass therethrough to reach a mounting position between the inner and outer body panels 20, 30. The assembly 2 also comprises fixing means comprising panel fixing elements 80 and ECU fixing elements 90 for securing each ECU 10 to the inner body panel 20. The panel fixing elements 80 and ECU fixing elements 90 can take many suitable forms, so long as they cooperate for fixing the ECU 10 to the inner body panel 20. In this example, the panel fixing elements 80 comprise one or more fixing studs 81, projecting internally from the inner body panel 20 around the edges of the receiving slot 21. In the illustrated example, the fixing studs 81 are arranged in a pattern within a pattern area 85 to either side of each receiving slot. Typically, each fixing stud 81 may be threaded and provided with a removable threaded fixing nut 82 or similar. In this example, the ECU fixing elements 90 comprise fixing holes (91, Fig. 5b) provided in bracket 71. Similarly to panel fixing elements, the fixing holes 91 are arranged in a pattern within a pattern area 95 towards either side of bracket 71. Where the pattern of fixing holes 91 matches the pattern of fixing studs 81, the ECU can be fixed in position by tightening the fixing nuts 82 on the threaded fixing studs 81. Beneficially, the fixing studs 81 also help ensure correct alignment of the ECU with respect to the inner body panel 20. In the example of Figure 2b and 2c, the upper receiving slot 21a has a panel fixing element 80 pattern comprising a pair of fixing studs 81 at either side of the receiving slot 21a. Similarly, the lower receiving slot 21b has a panel fixing element 80 pattern comprising a single fixing stud 81 at either side of slot 21b. In this example, the upper ECU 10a has a bracket 71 provided with an ECU fixing element 90 pattern comprising a pair of fixing holes 91 at each side matching the location of the fixing studs 81 of the receiving slot 21a and the lower ECU 10b has a bracket 71 provided with an ECU fixing element 90 pattern comprising a single fixing hole 91 at each side of the bracket 71 matching the location of the fixing studs 81 of the receiving slot 21b. Accordingly, while the ECU 10a can be fixed to receiving slot 21a and the ECU 10b can be fixed to receiving slot 21b, the single fixing stud 81 on each side of receiving slot 21b cannot be aligned with the fixing holes 91 of the bracket of ECU 10a if the ECU 10a is inserted into the receiving slot 21b. Similarly, neither of the pair of fixing studs 81 on either side of receiving slot 21a can be aligned with the fixing holes 91 of the ECU 10b if the ECU 10b is inserted into the receiving slot 21a. This therefore illustrates how use of otherwise standardised fitting means 90 can ensure that each particular ECU 10 is assigned to a dedicated location within the vehicle. As well as reducing cost and complexity of design of ECU mounting assemblies and initial installation of ECUs, this eases the task of testing / checking / replacing / retrofitting ECUs 10 post installation as well as ensuring that a wiring harness or at least a suitable wired connection 60 is available for each ECU 10. Once the ECU 10 is mounted in position, it can be connected to one or more other vehicle systems. This may be achieved by connecting one or more wires 60 to the sockets 13 of the interface end 12 as illustrated in Figure 2c. The skilled person will appreciate that the wires 60 may project from a wiring harness. After installation, as shown in Figure 2a, interior trim 40 is optionally fitted over the ECU 10. The ECU is therefore behind the interior trim 40 in normal vehicle operation. As shown in Figure 2a, optionally an insulating layer 50 can be provided between the trim and the inner body panel 20. This can provide additional protection to the ECU 10 during normal vehicle operation. The insulating layer 50 may be provided with cut out sections 50c to accommodate the ECU 10, wires 60, fixing studs 81 and / or nuts 82. In the example of Figure 2, the two ECUs 10a, 10b are mounted in a vertically stacked arrangement corresponding to the arrangement of the receiving slots 21a, 21b (Figure 2b). If, as shown in Figures 2b and 2c, the receiving slots 21 are of a standard size, and if ECUs 10 are also provided in standard sizes, this can further aid standardisation. The skilled person will equally appreciate that similar benefits can be conferred if the ECUs 10 are provided in a range of standard sizes rather than a single standard size. The skilled person will also appreciate that arrangements of ECUs 10 within an available panel area other than vertical stacking are possible. Such arrangements could include horizontal stacking, diagonal stacking or less regular arrangements as required. With particular reference to the present invention, in order to manage the mounting of multiple ECUs, each ECU 10 is provided with a different ECU fixing element 90 pattern on pattern area 95; and each mounting space 25 is provided with a different panel fixing element 80 pattern on pattern area 85. Whilst random patterns of panel fixing elements 80 and ECU fixing element 90 can be used, for simplicity patterns may be selected from a related set of patterns. For example, the set of related patterns can be based on a template such as a two dimensional lattice cell. Turning to Figure 3, a simple square lattice cell 100 having four lattice points 101-104 is shown. The lattice cell can define a left side pattern area 95a, 85a on the left side of both bracket 71 (Figure 3a) and mounting space 25 (Figure 3b). Similarly, the lattice cell can define a right side pattern area 95b, 85b on the right side of both bracket 71 (Figure 3a) and mounting space 25 (Figure 3b). The skilled person will appreciate that other regular or irregular lattice cells (having more or fewer lattice points) can be used as a template lattice cell, if desired. In this example, the lattice points 101-104 correspond to locations at which an ECU fixing element 90 or panel fixing element 80 can be located within the set of related patterns. The related patterns are distinguished from each other by whether an ECU fixing element 90 or a panel fixing element 80 is provided or omitted at each lattice point 101-104. This is illustrated further in Figure 4 which shows a series of brackets 7 la-7 Id for different ECUs 10. The brackets 71a, 71b of Figures 4a and 4b are sized to fit a first standard ECU size and the brackets 71c, 71d of Figures 4c and 4d are sized to fit a second, smaller, standard ECU size. In the bracket 71a of Figure 4a, in the left side pattern area 95a, fixing holes 91 are provided at lattice points 101-103 and a fixing hole 91 is omitted at lattice point 104 whereas in the right side pattern area 95b, fixing holes 91 are provided at lattice points 101, 102, 104 and a fixing hole 91 is omitted at lattice point 103. Accordingly, this bracket 71a (and thus the associated ECU 10) is adapted to fit a receiving slot 21 (not shown) having a left side pattern of fixing studs 81 provided at lattice points 101-103 within the appropriate pattern area 85 and a right side pattern of fixing studs 81 provided at lattice points 101, 102, 104 within the appropriate pattern area 85. In the bracket 71b of Figure 4b, in the left side pattern area 95a, fixing holes 91 are provided at lattice points 101-103 and a fixing hole is omitted at lattice point 104 whereas in the right side pattern area 95b, fixing holes 91 are provided at lattice points 102-104 and a fixing hole 91 is omitted at lattice point 101. Additionally, this bracket 71b comprises a further aperture 79b, through which a wiring harness or clip (not shown) can be fitted. Accordingly, this bracket 71b (and thus the associated ECU 10) is adapted to fit a receiving slot 21 (not shown) having a left side pattern of fixing studs 81 provided at lattice points 101-103 within the appropriate pattern area 85 and a right side pattern of fixing studs 81 provided at lattice points 102-104 within the appropriate pattern area 85. Beneficially, the further aperture 79b helps to prevent an ECU being fitted upside down as might otherwise be possible where the left side and right side patterns 95a, 95b are rotationally symmetrical. In embodiments omitting further aperture 79b, it is preferable to avoid using left side and right side patterns 95a, 95b that can match when the bracket 71 is incorrectly orientated. In the bracket 71c of Figure 4c, in the left side pattern area 95a, fixing holes 91 are provided at lattice points 101,104 and fixing holes 91 are omitted at lattice points 102, 103. Similarly, in the right side pattern area 95b, fixing holes 91 are provided at lattice points 101,104 and fixing holes 91 are omitted at lattice points 102, 103. Accordingly, this bracket 71c (and thus the associated ECU 10) is adapted to fit a receiving slot 21 (not shown) having a left side pattern of fixing studs 81 provided at lattice points 101, 104 within the appropriate pattern area 85 and a right side pattern of fixing studs 81 provided at lattice points 101, 104 within the appropriate pattern area 85. As these patterns are not rotationally similar, having the same pattern on each of the left and right pattern areas 95a, 95b does not pose a risk of installing the ECU 10 in an incorrect orientation. The bracket 71d of Figure 4d, illustrates the possibility of having dissimilar numbers of fixing holes 91 in the left side pattern 95a and the right side pattern 95b. As illustrated, in the left side pattern area 95a, fixing holes 91 are provided at lattice points 101-103 and a fixing hole 91 is omitted at lattice point 104 whereas in the right side pattern area 95b, fixing holes 91 are provided at lattice points 102, 104 and fixing holes 91 are omitted at lattice points 101, 103. Additionally, this bracket 71d comprises a substantially circular further aperture 79d, through which a wiring harness or clip (not shown) can be fitted. Accordingly, this bracket 71d (and thus the associated ECU 10) is adapted to fit a receiving slot 21 (not shown) having a left side pattern of fixing studs 81 provided at lattice points 101-103 within the appropriate pattern area 85 and a right side pattern of fixing studs 81 provided at lattice points 102, 104 within the appropriate pattern area 85. Turning to Figures 5a and 5b, an alternative an in-vehicle mounting assembly 5 comprises ECU 10 mounted to an inner body panel 20 of the vehicle. As shown in Figure 5a, an interior trim panel 40 is provided over the ECU 10. In such cases, the ECU 10 can be provided within a cutout of an insulating layer 50 (such as Polyurethane (PU) foam or the like). The inner body panel 20 is interior of; and spaced apart from; a corresponding vehicle outer body panel 30. As illustrated in Figure 5b (which omits the trim 40 to better illustrate the inner side of the inner body panel 20), the ECU 10 is mounted above a wheel arch 29. Multiple wires 60 are connected to the interface end 12 of the ECU 10. As the space between the inner body panel 20 and the trim is relatively narrow, the ECU 10 is positioned with its largest exterior surface substantially adjacent to the inner body panel 20, thereby defining the mounting space 25. Similarly to the earlier embodiments, the projecting tab 74 of the comer bracket 73 is provided with a group of ECU fixing elements 90 in the form of fixing holes 91 arranged in a desired pattern. The pattern in which the ECU fixing elements 90 are arranged matches the pattern in which a group of panel fixing elements 80 (in the form of threaded fixing studs 81) are provided. For clarity, fixing nuts 82; which would otherwise be screwed onto fixing studs 81; are omitted from Figure 5b. The ECU 10 can therefore be fitted to the inner body panel 20. The skilled person will appreciate that given a larger inner body panel 20 or smaller ECUs, multiple ECUs 10 could be mounted alongside each other in the assembly 5. As in the other embodiments, to ensure fitting of ECUs 10 to the correct mounting areas 25, the patterns of ECU fixing elements 90 are matched to the patterns of panel fixing elements 80. Multiple different patterns may be provided in a similar manner to that described in relation to Figure 4. The in-vehicle mounting assembly 2, 5 of the present invention can be provided at multiple different locations within a given vehicle 100. Turning now to Figure 6, a number of possible locations for in-vehicle mount assemblies are indicated. In particular, the illustrated locations include over the front wheel arch 110, behind the front wheel arch 120, and over the rear wheel arch 150. The skilled person will appreciate that actual locations may be varied from those indicated in Figure 6 and / or the shapes of panel areas in these locations may be varied as required or as available. The skilled person will appreciate that whilst mounting assemblies 2, 5 of the present invention can be provided between any vehicle inner panel 20 and outer panel 30, the most suitable locations, such as those illustrated in Figure 6, are in positions that are readily accessible during manufacture or servicing. Furthermore, the most suitable 5 locations are those are relatively unlikely to sustain damage during low speed impact incidents that may not necessitate urgent need for repair. Examples of such incidents include, a low speed front or rear impact in traffic; or an impact with a stationary object during a parking manoeuvre. In this context, it will be noted that Figure 6 does not provide ECU mounting assembly locations forward of the front wheel arch or rearward 10 of the rear wheel arch. These locations are less desirable, as these areas of outer panels 30 are especially prone to deformation as a result of low speed impact incidents. The one or more embodiments are described above by way of example only. Many variations are possible without departing from the scope of protection afforded by the appended claims. 15

Claims

1. An in-vehicle electronic control unit (ECU) mounting assembly, the assemblycomprising: a vehicle inner body panel having two or more mounting spaces; and two or more ECUs; wherein each mounting space is provided with standard fixing means comprising groups of panel fixing elements and each ECU is provided with standard fixing means comprising groups of ECU fixing elements, the standard fixing means cooperating to fix an ECU to a mounting space; wherein the groups of panel fixing elements for each mounting space are arranged in different patterns to each other and the groups of ECU fixing elements for each ECU are arranged in different patterns to each other; wherein the pattern of one group of panel fixing elements matches the pattern of only one group of ECU fixing elements; and wherein one particular ECU having the group of ECU fixing elements which match the pattern of the group of panel fixing elements for one particular mounting space is fixed to that particular mounting space; wherein each panel fixing element pattern and each ECU fixing element pattern are selected from a set of related patterns; and wherein the set of related patterns are based on a template lattice cell and are distinguished by omitting panel fixing elements or ECU fixing elements at one or more lattice points within the template lattice cell.

2. The in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly of claim 1, wherein there are two or more groups of ECU fitting elements for each ECU and two or more groups of panel fitting elements for each mounting space.

3. The in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly of claim 2, wherein the two or more groups of ECU fitting elements or panel fitting elements associated with a single ECU or a single mounting space have like patterns.

4. The in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly of any preceding claim, wherein the panel fixing elements comprise one or more fixing studs and the ECU fixing elements comprise one or more corresponding fixing holes.

5. The in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly of any preceding claim, wherein the interface end of each ECU comprises one or more wires, sockets or the like.

6. The in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly of any preceding claim, wherein each ECU is of a single standard size; or of one of a set of standard sizes.

7. The in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly of any preceding claim, wherein anexternal surface of each ECU comprises a housing which substantially5 corresponds in size and / or shape to the ECU.

8. The in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly of any preceding claim, wherein each ECU comprises at least one bracket and the at least one bracket is a standard size.

9. The in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly of claim 8, wherein the at least one 10 bracket is attached to the ECU or housing at or adjacent to the interface end.

10. The in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly of claim 8 or claim 9, wherein the ECU fixing elements are provided on the at least one bracket.

11. The in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly of any preceding claim, wherein each mounting space comprises a receiving slot in the inner body panel and the 15 receiving slot is adapted such that at least a blind end of the ECU can passtherethrough; such that when the ECU is secured to the inner body panel using the fixing means, the blind end of the ECU is located between the inner body panel and an outer body panel; and an interface end of the ECU is accessible from an inner side of the inner body panel.20 12. The in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly of claim 11, wherein each receivingslot comprises reinforcement about at least a portion of the slot.

13. The in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly of any preceding claim, wherein each mounting space comprises a receiving area on an inner side of the inner body panel and the panel fixing elements are provided at an edge of or adjacent to 25 each receiving area.

14. The in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly of any preceding claim, wherein the ECU mounting assembly is provided above or around a vehicle wheel arch; within a vehicle front wing; within a vehicle rear wing; within a vehicle bulkhead area; or the like.

15. The in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly of any preceding claim, further comprising a wiring harness.

16. The in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly of claim 15 when dependent on claim 5, wherein the wiring harness comprises one or more wires and / or one or more sockets or the like adapted to connect to the one or more sockets and / or one or more wires of the interface end.

17. The in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly of any preceding claim, wherein an interior trim is provided over the inner body panel.

18. A vehicle comprising an in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly according to any preceding claim.

19. A vehicle according to claim 18, wherein the ECU is connected to one or more vehicle systems via the interface end.

20. A method of mounting an ECU within a vehicle comprising the steps of: providing an in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly according to any of claims 1 to 17; selecting an ECU having a group of ECU fixing elements which match the pattern of a group of panel fixing elements for a particular mounting space; and fixing the ECU to that particular mounting space.

21. The method of claim 20, further comprising the step of connecting one or more vehicle systems to the ECU.

22. The method of claim 21, further comprising the step of providing a wiring harness and connecting the wiring harness to each ECU provided in the in-vehicle ECU mounting assembly.

23. The method of any one of claims 20 to 22, further comprising the step of applying an interior trim panel over the installed ECU.

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