Systems and methods for temperature regulation of an article of furniture

Abstract

Described herein are systems and methods (e.g., computer-implemented methods) for regulating the temperature of a bed device. The methods (e.g., computer-implemented methods) can regulate the temperat

Description

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR TEMPERATURE REGULATION OF AN ARTICLE OF FURNITURECROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 467,733, filed on May 19, 2023, U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 534,795, filed on August 25, 2023, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 606,146, filed on December 5, 2023; each of which applications is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for all purposes.BACKGROUND

[0002] Conditions of an article of furniture can be adjusted during use. For example, temperatures of a bed can be adjusted during an individual’s sleep to, for example, help the individual sleep better.SUMMARY

[0003] The present disclosure describes technologies relating to regulating a condition (e.g., temperature) of an article of furniture (e.g., a bed device, such as a mattress or a mattress cover). The present disclosure describes using a fluid (e.g., a liquid or gas) and one or more temperature regulators of the fluid to regulate the condition of at least a portion of the article of furniture.

[0004] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method comprising: providing a control signal for a temperature regulator that is operatively coupled to an article of furniture, wherein the control signal comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to change a temperature of a portion of the article of furniture from an initial temperature to a final temperature over a plurality of incremental temperature changes, wherein the plurality of incremental temperature changes comprises a predetermined number of incremental temperature changes.

[0005] In some embodiments, the article of furniture is a bed device.

[0006] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the predetermined number of the plurality of incremental temperature changes comprises at least 2 incremental changes, at least 3 incremental changes, or at least 4 incremental changes.

[0007] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the control signal further comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to maintain the portion of the article of furniture at an average temperature between two adjacent incremental temperaturechanges of the plurality of incremental temperature changes. In some embodiments, the average temperature is maintained for at least about 10 minutes, at least about 20 minutes, at least about 30 minutes, at least about 60 minutes, or at least about 80 minutes.

[0008] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the initial temperature is lower than the final temperature.

[0009] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the control signal further comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to set the temperature of the portion of the article of furniture to a bedtime temperature prior to changing the temperature from the initial temperature to the final temperature, wherein the bedtime temperature and the initial temperature are different. In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature is greater than the initial temperature. In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature, the initial temperature, and the final temperature are (i) provided by a user of the article of furniture or (ii) automatically generated by a computer processor.

[0010] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the plurality of incremental temperature changes is implemented within at most about 60 minutes, at most about 30 minutes, at most about 20 minutes, or at most about 10 minutes of the bedtime.

[0011] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, a characteristic of the plurality of incremental temperature changes is different for different users, wherein the characteristic comprises (i) the predetermined number or (ii) a target temperature of the article of furniture or a duration thereof between two adjacent incremental changes.

[0012] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the initial temperature corresponds to a deep sleep temperature.

[0013] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the final temperature corresponds to a rapid eye movement (REM) sleep temperature.

[0014] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, at least a portion of the temperature regulator is contained within the portion of the article of furniture.

[0015] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method comprising: providing a control signal for a temperature regulator that is operatively coupled to an article of furniture, wherein the control signal comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to sequentially change a temperature of a portion of the article of furniture to each target temperature of a combination of predetermined target temperatures during a single use of the article of furniture by a user, wherein the combination of predetermined target temperatures is determined prior to the single use of the article of furniture by the user, wherein each targettemperature of the combination of target temperatures are different from one another, and wherein the combination of target temperatures is selected from a database comprising a plurality of combinations of target temperatures based on one or more members selected from the group consisting of a geolocation of the user, biological sex of the user, and age of the user.

[0016] In some embodiments, the article of furniture is a bed device.

[0017] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the combination of predetermined target temperatures comprises at least two different target temperatures or at least three different target temperatures.

[0018] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the combination of predetermined target temperatures comprises at most five different target temperatures or at most four different target temperatures.

[0019] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the combination of predetermined target temperatures comprises a bedtime temperature.

[0020] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the combination of predetermined target temperatures does not comprise a wake-up temperature.

[0021] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, each combination of the combinations of target predetermined temperatures is different based on the one or more members selected from the group consisting of a geolocation of the user, biological sex of the user, and age of the user. In some embodiments, the one or more members comprises two members or all three members elected from the group consisting of the geolocation of the user, the biological sex of the user, and the age of the user. In some embodiments, the one or more members comprises the geolocation of the user. In some embodiments, the one or more members comprises the biological sex of the user. In some embodiments, the one or more members comprises the age of the user.

[0022] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the method further comprises subsequent to use of the article of furniture by the user based on the combination of the predetermined target temperatures, modifying one or more target temperatures of the combination of predetermined target temperatures, to effect enhanced user experience.

[0023] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the user is not permitted or recommended to change the combination of predetermined target temperatures for at least one use of the article of furniture, optionally wherein the at least one use comprises at least two uses, at least five uses, or at least seven uses. In some embodiments,the method further comprises subsequent to using the article of furniture based on the combination of target predetermined temperatures for at least one day, permitting the user to modify one or more target temperatures of the combination of target predetermined temperatures via a graphical user interface (GUI) operatively coupled to the article of furniture, to effect enhanced user experience. In some embodiments, the at least one day comprises at least two days, at least five days, or at least seven days. In some embodiments, the enhanced user experience is enhanced sleep. In some embodiments, the one or more target temperatures of the combination of target predetermined temperatures are changed (i) based on feedback from the user via a graphical user interface (GUI) operatively coupled to the article of furniture or (ii) automatically by a computer processor in absence of any user feedback.

[0024] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the combination of target predetermined temperatures is provided when the user is using the article of furniture for the first time.

[0025] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the combination of target predetermined temperatures is provided when an identity of the user is undetermined.

[0026] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the providing comprises recommending the combination of target predetermined temperatures to the user.

[0027] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, at least a portion of the temperature regulator is contained within the portion of the article of furniture.

[0028] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method comprising: providing a control signal for a temperature regulator that is operatively coupled to an article of furniture, wherein the control signal comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to change a temperature of a portion of the article of furniture to a predetermined target temperature during use of the article of furniture by a user, wherein the predetermined target temperature is determined prior to a single use of the article of furniture by the user, wherein the target temperature is determined based on biological sex of the user, such that a first provided temperature for a female user and a second provided temperature for a male user are different.

[0029] In some embodiments, the article of furniture is a bed device.

[0030] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the first provided temperature for the female user is greater than the second provided temperature for the male user. In some embodiments, the first provided temperature for the female user is greater thanthe second provided temperature for the male user by at least or up to about 1 degree Celsius, at least or up to about 1.5 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 4 degrees Celsius, or at least or up to about 5 degrees Celsius.

[0031] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the user is the female user, and wherein the predetermined target temperature is determined based on a biological state of the female user, wherein the biological state is women- specific. In some embodiments, the biological state of the female user comprises one or more members selected from the group consisting of (i) schedule of menstrual cycle, a time within the menstrual cycle, or lack of menstrual cycle, (ii) use or birth control or lack thereof, (iii) menopause or lack thereof, (iv) use of hormonal therapy or lack thereof, (v) pregnancy or lack thereof, (vi) post-partum period, (vii) breast-feeding period, (viii) polycystic ovarian syndrome, (xi) experience of hot flash, and (x) other women-specific conditions or disease. In some embodiments, the one or more members are provided or selected by the user via a graphical user interface (GUI) operatively coupled to the article of furniture. In some embodiments, the one or more members comprises two or more members selected from the group consisting of (i)-(ix). In some embodiments, the predetermined target temperature is selected from a database comprising two or more different target temperatures for two or more members selected from the group consisting of (i)-(ix).

[0032] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the predetermined target temperature is selected from a database comprising the first provided temperature and the second provided temperature.

[0033] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the method further comprises permitting the user to modify the predetermined target temperature via a graphical user interface (GUI) operatively coupled to the article of furniture.

[0034] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the method further comprises receiving feedback from the user via a graphical user interface (GUI) operatively coupled to the article of furniture after use of the article of furniture based on the predetermined target temperature, and subsequently modifying the predetermined target temperature based on the feedback.

[0035] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the biological sex of the user is provided by the user via a graphical user interface (GUI) operatively coupled to the article of furniture.

[0036] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, at least a portion of the temperature regulator is contained within the portion of the article of furniture.

[0037] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the first provided temperature for a male user during a sleep stage is lower than the first provided temperature for a female user during the sleep stage.

[0038] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method comprising: (a) retrieving an input from a user or a user device, wherein the input is indicative of a biological condition of a female individual selected from the group consisting of (i) schedule of menstrual cycle, a time within the menstrual cycle, or lack of menstrual cycle, (ii) use of birth control or lack thereof, (iii) menopause or lack thereof, (iv) use of hormonal therapy or lack thereof, (v) pregnancy or lack thereof, (vi) post-partum period, (vii) breast-feeding period, (viii) polycystic ovarian syndrome, (ix) experience of hot flash, and (x) other women-specific conditions or diseases, and (b) based on the input, providing a control signal for a temperature regulator that is operatively coupled to an article of furniture, wherein the control signal comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to change a temperature of a portion of the article of furniture to a target temperature specific for the biological condition of the female individual, wherein the target temperature is selected from a database comprising a plurality of different target temperatures associated with the plurality of different biological conditions selected from the group consisting of (i)-(x).

[0039] In some embodiments, the article of furniture is a bed device.

[0040] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the target temperature is for enhancing user experience of the user while using the article of furniture.

[0041] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the target temperature is for enhancing sleep quality of the user during or subsequent to sleeping on the article of furniture at about the target temperature.

[0042] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the target temperature is for enhancing a health condition of the user during or subsequent to during or subsequent to sleeping on the article of furniture at about the target temperature.

[0043] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the input is provided by the user via a graphical user interface (GUI) of a user device that is operatively coupled to the article of furniture.

[0044] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the biological condition of the female individual comprises a plurality of members selected from the groupconsisting of (i)-(x).

[0045] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the instruction is for the temperature regulator to change the temperature of the portion of the article of furniture to the target temperature (i) for a predetermined duration of time and / or (ii) at a predetermined time.

[0046] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the predetermined period of time is retrieved from the database.

[0047] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the method further comprises permitting the user to modify the target temperature specific for the biological condition of the female individual via a graphical user interface (GUI) of a user device operatively coupled to the article of furniture, and storing the modified target temperature in a database operatively coupled to the article of furniture. In some embodiments, the method further comprises (i) receiving a feedback from the user via a graphical user interface (GUI) of a user device operatively coupled to the article of furniture subsequent to the user’s use of the article of furniture at the target temperature, and (ii) automatically modifying the target temperature based on the feedback for the user’s future use of the article of furniture.

[0048] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, a biological sex of the user is provided by the user via a graphical user interface (GUI) of a user device operatively coupled to the article of furniture.

[0049] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, at least a portion of the temperature regulator is contained within the portion of the article of furniture.

[0050] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the article of furniture further comprises a sensor disclosed in a surface of the article of furniture.

[0051] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the biological condition of the female individual is a schedule of a menstrual cycle, a time within the menstrual cycle, or a lack of a menstrual cycle.

[0052] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the biological condition of the female individual is use of birth control or lack thereof.

[0053] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the biological condition of the female individual is menopause or lack thereof.

[0054] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the biological condition of the female individual is use of hormonal therapy or lack thereof.

[0055] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the biologicalcondition of the female individual is pregnancy or lack thereof.

[0056] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the biological condition of the female individual is post-partum period.

[0057] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the biological condition of the female individual is breast-feeding period.

[0058] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the biological condition of the female individual is polycystic ovarian syndrome.

[0059] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the biological condition of the female individual is experience of hot flashes.

[0060] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the biological condition of the female individual is other women-specific conditions or diseases.

[0061] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method comprising: (a) receiving a plurality of data points of a biological signal of a user, wherein the plurality of data points is collected over time, (b) analyzing the plurality of data points to determine a time or an estimated time when a sign of a rate of change of a temperature of the user becomes different, and (c) based on the determining, providing a control signal for a temperature regulator that is operatively coupled to an article of furniture, wherein the control signal comprises an instruction to change an operation of the temperature regulator for regulating a temperature of a portion of the article of furniture.

[0062] In some embodiments, the article of furniture is a bed device.

[0063] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the plurality of data points is collected over time while the user is using the article of furniture.

[0064] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the biological signal is not a temperature of the user, optionally wherein the biological signal is a heart signal. In some embodiments, the biological signal is a temperature of the user.

[0065] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the analyzing occurs substantially in real-time after the receiving of the plurality of data points.

[0066] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the determining occurs substantially in real-time after the analyzing.

[0067] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the providing occurs substantially in real-time after the determining.

[0068] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the time or the estimated time is when a negative rate of change becomes a positive rate of change, or viceversa. In some embodiments, the time or the estimated time is when a positive or negative rate of change becomes substantially zero, or vice versa.

[0069] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the time or the estimated time is when a core temperature nadir (or a circadian rhythm temperature) of the user occur or is predicted to occur.

[0070] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the plurality of data points is measured by a sensor, optionally wherein the sensor is (i) a part of a user device that the user is wearing or (ii) a part of the article of furniture.

[0071] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the instruction directs the temperature regulator to change the temperature of the portion of the article of furniture.

[0072] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the instruction comprises a future time when the temperature regulator is to change the temperature of the portion of the article of furniture.

[0073] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the instruction comprises a change in a duration of time that the temperature regulator is to maintain the temperature of the portion of the article of furniture substantially constant before changing the temperature of the portion of the article of furniture.

[0074] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the temperature regulator is configured to change the temperature of the portion of the article of furniture from an initial temperature to a final temperature over a plurality of incremental temperature changes, and wherein the instruction comprises a change in a condition of the plurality of incremental temperature changes.

[0075] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, at least a portion of the temperature regulator is contained within the portion of the article of furniture.

[0076] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the method is a computer-implemented method.

[0077] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the instruction is generated via an artificial intelligence algorithm or a machine learning algorithm.

[0078] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the control signal comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to change a temperature of a portion of the article of furniture to a predetermined target temperature during use of the article of furniture by the user. In some embodiments, the predetermined target temperature isdetermined prior to a single use of the article of furniture by the user.

[0079] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the control signal comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to change a temperature of a portion of the article of furniture from an initial temperature to a final temperature over a plurality of incremental temperature changes. In some embodiments, the plurality of incremental temperature changes comprises a predetermined number of incremental temperature changes.

[0080] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method comprising: providing a control signal for a temperature regulator that is operatively coupled to an article of furniture, wherein the control signal comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to sequentially change a temperature of a portion of the article of furniture to each target temperature of a combination of target temperatures during use of the article of furniture by a user, wherein each target temperature of the combination of target temperatures are different from one another, and wherein the combination of target temperatures is selected from a database comprising a plurality of combinations of target temperatures based on one or more members selected from the group consisting of a geolocation of the user, biological sex of the user, and age of the user, wherein the user is not permitted to change the combination of target temperatures for at least one use of the article of furniture.

[0081] In some embodiments, the article of furniture is a bed device.

[0082] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the combination of target temperatures comprises at least two different target temperatures or at least three different target temperatures.

[0083] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the combination of target temperatures comprises at most five different target temperatures or at most four different target temperatures.

[0084] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the combination of target temperatures comprises a bedtime temperature.

[0085] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the combination of target temperatures does not comprise a wake-up temperature.

[0086] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, each combination of the combinations of target temperatures is different based on the one or more members selected from the group consisting of a geolocation of the user, biological sex of the user, and age of the user. In some embodiments, the one or more members comprises two members or all three members elected from the group consisting of the geolocation of the user, thebiological sex of the user, and the age of the user. In some embodiments, the one or more members comprises the geolocation of the user. In some embodiments, the one or more members comprises the biological sex of the user. In some embodiments, the one or more members comprises the age of the user.

[0087] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the method further comprises subsequent to use of the article of furniture by the user based on the combination of the target temperatures, modifying one or more target temperatures of the combination of target temperatures, to effect enhanced user experience.

[0088] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the user is not permitted to change the combination of target temperatures for at least three uses.

[0089] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the user is not permitted to change the combination of target temperatures for at least five uses.

[0090] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the user is not permitted to change the combination of target temperatures for at least seven uses.

[0091] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the method further comprises, subsequent to using the article of furniture based on the combination of target temperatures for the at least one use, permitting the user to modify one or more target temperatures of the combination of target temperatures via a graphical user interface (GUI) operatively coupled to the article of furniture, to effect enhanced user experience. In some embodiments, the enhanced user experience is enhanced sleep.

[0092] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the one or more target temperatures of the combination of target temperatures are changed (i) based on feedback from the user via a graphical user interface (GUI) operatively coupled to the article of furniture or (ii) automatically by a computer processor in absence of any user feedback.

[0093] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the combination of target temperatures is provided when the user is using the article of furniture for the first time.

[0094] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the combination of target temperatures is provided when an identity of the user is undetermined.

[0095] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the providing comprises recommending the combination of target temperatures to the user.

[0096] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, at least a portion of the temperature regulator is contained within the portion of the article of furniture.

[0097] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method comprising: (a) determining a target temperature of at least a portion a bed device, and (b) sending an instruction to a temperature regulator coupled to the bed device, wherein the instruction is for the temperature regulator to subject at least a portion of the bed device to a plurality of temperature fluctuation cycles, wherein a temperature fluctuation cycle of the plurality comprises (i) a temperature increase and (ii) a temperature decrease, wherein an average temperature of the at least the portion of the bed device over a duration of the plurality is not different than the target temperature by more than 5 degrees Celsius.

[0098] In some embodiments, the average temperature is not different than the target temperature by more than 2 degrees Celsius.

[0099] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding claims, the temperature increase is by at least about 0.5 degrees Celsius.

[0100] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding claims, the temperature decrease is by at least about 0.5 degrees Celsius.

[0101] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding claims, the duration is at most about 30 minutes.

[0102] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding claims, the plurality comprises at least 5 temperature fluctuation cycles.

[0103] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding claims, the plurality comprises at least 10 temperature fluctuation cycles.

[0104] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding claims, the target temperature is associated with a sleep phase of a user of the bed device.

[0105] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding claims, the method further comprises, in (a), determining a target duration of time during which to set a temperature of the at least the portion of the bed device to about the target temperature.

[0106] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature regulator is capable of directing a fluid that is temperature regulated on or adjacent to the at least the portion of the bed device, wherein the instruction is for the temperature regulator to (i) subject the fluid to the plurality of temperature fluctuation cycles and (ii) direct the fluid to the at least the portion of the bed device. In some embodiments, the fluid is liquid. In some embodiments, the fluid is air.

[0107] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method comprising: receiving input from a user of an article of furniture, based on the input from the user, providing a controlsignal for a temperature regulator that is operatively coupled to the article of furniture, wherein the control signal comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to adjust a temperature of at least a portion of the article of furniture from a predetermined temperature profile to a preset temperature in real time to adjust the current temperature of the article of furniture.

[0108] In some embodiments, the input from the user is provided via a graphical user interface (GUI). In some embodiments, the GUI is present on a user device.

[0109] In some embodiments, the input from the user is provided via one or more sensors disposed in the article of furniture. In some embodiments, the one or more sensors are disposed in the top of the article of furniture. In some embodiments, the one or more sensors detects an increase in a body temperature of the user.

[0110] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the input provided is that the user is having a hot flash.[OHl] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the predetermined temperature profile is stored in a database.

[0112] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the preset temperature is preprogrammed by the user prior to use of the article of furniture.

[0113] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the article of furniture remains at the preset temperature for at least about 30 minutes.

[0114] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the article of furniture remains at the present temperature for at least about 60 minutes.

[0115] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the temperature of the at least the portion of the article of furniture is adjusted to the preset temperature at a rate of at most about 10°C / min.

[0116] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the method comprises: (a) directing a temperature regulator to maintain the temperature of the at least the portion of an article of furniture substantially at a target temperature based on the predetermined temperature profile for the article of furniture, the predetermined temperature profile comprising the target temperature, (b) while the at least the portion of the article of furniture is maintained substantially at the target temperature, receiving the input from the user, and (c) based on the input, providing the control signal to the temperature regulator, the control signal comprising the instruction to change the temperature of the article of furniture to the preset temperature, wherein the target temperature and the present temperature aredifferent.

[0117] In some embodiments, the instruction is to change the temperature of the article of furniture to the preset temperature transiently for a predetermined duration of time. In some embodiments, the predetermined duration of time is less than about 30 minutes, less than about 20 minutes, or less than about 10 minutes. In some embodiments, the method further comprises, subsequent to (c), directing the temperature regulator to regulate the temperature of the at least the portion of the article of furniture based on the predetermined temperature profile. In some embodiments, the method further comprises, subsequent to (c), directing the temperature regulator to change the temperature of the at least the portion of the article of furniture back to the target temperature. In some embodiments, the method further comprises, subsequent to (c), directing the temperature regulator to change the temperature of the at least the portion of the article of furniture to an additional target temperature of the predetermined temperature profile.

[0118] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the preset temperature and the target temperature are different by at least about 0.5 degrees Celsius (°C), at least about 1 °C, at least about 2 °C, at least about 3 °C, at least about 4 °C, at least about 5 °C, or more.

[0119] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the preset temperature and the target temperature are different by at most about 5 °C, at most about 4 °C, at most about 3 °C, at most about 2 °C, at most about 1 °C, at most about 0.5 °C, or less.

[0120] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the preset temperature is predetermined and stored in a database prior to (a).

[0121] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, a system comprising one or more computer processors and computer memory coupled thereto, the computer memory comprising a machine executable code that, upon execution by the one or more computer processors, implements the method of any one of the preceding claims.

[0122] In some embodiments, the system further comprises the article of furniture.

[0123] In some embodiments of any one of the preceding embodiments, the system further comprises the temperature regulator of any one of the preceding claims.

[0124] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method (e.g., a computer- implemented method) comprising providing a control signal for a temperature regulator that is operatively coupled to an article of furniture, wherein the control signal comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to change a temperature of a portion of the article offurniture from an initial temperature to a final temperature over a plurality of incremental temperature changes, wherein the plurality of incremental temperature changes comprises a predetermined number of incremental temperature changes.

[0125] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method (e.g., a computer- implemented method) comprising providing a control signal for a temperature regulator that is operatively coupled to an article of furniture, wherein the control signal comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to sequentially change a temperature of a portion of the article of furniture to each target temperature of a combination of target temperatures during use of the article of furniture by a user, wherein each target temperature of the combination of target temperatures are different from one another, and wherein the combination of target temperatures is selected from a database comprising a plurality of combinations of target temperatures based on one or more members selected from the group consisting of a geolocation of the user, biological sex of the user, and age of the user.

[0126] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method (e.g., a computer- implemented method) comprising providing a control signal for a temperature regulator that is operatively coupled to an article of furniture, wherein the control signal comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to change a temperature of a portion of the article of furniture to a target temperature during use of the article of furniture by a user, wherein the target temperature is determined based on biological sex of the user, such that a first provided temperature for a female user and a second provided temperature for a male user are different.

[0127] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method (e.g., a computer- implemented method) comprising (a) receiving a plurality of data points of a biological signal of a user, wherein the plurality of data points is collected over time; (b) analyzing the plurality of data points to determine substantially when a sign of a rate of change of a temperature of the user becomes different; and (c) based on the determining, providing a control signal for a temperature regulator that is operatively coupled to an article of furniture, wherein the control signal comprises an instruction to change an operation of the temperature regulator for regulating a temperature of a portion of the article of furniture.

[0128] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising machine executable code that, upon execution by one or more computer processors, implements any of the methods above or elsewhere herein.

[0129] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a system comprising one or morecomputer processors and computer memory coupled thereto. The computer memory comprises machine executable code that, upon execution by the one or more computer processors, implements any of the methods above or elsewhere herein.

[0130] Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in this art from the following detailed description, wherein only illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure are shown and described. As will be realized, the present disclosure is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modifications in various obvious respects, all without departing from the disclosure. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive.INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

[0131] All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0132] The novel features of the present disclosure are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present disclosure will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the present disclosure are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:

[0133] FIG. 1 is a diagram of a bed device, according to one embodiment.

[0134] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a bed device, according to one embodiment.

[0135] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of layers comprising a bed pad device, according to one embodiment.

[0136] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a system for regulating temperatures of a plurality of portions of an article of furniture.

[0137] FIG. 5 shows a computer system that is programmed or otherwise configured to implement methods provided herein.

[0138] FIG. 6 depicts the incremental changes (e.g., increases) in the bed device between the initial temperature and the final temperature. The temperature of the bed device can change (e.g., increases) every 90 minutes to correlate with average length of a sleep cycle (SC). If thesubject has over four sleep cycles, then the bed device can be maintained at the final bed device temperature. SCI : Sleep Cycle 1, SC2: Sleep Cycle 2; SC3: Sleep Cycle 3; SC4: Sleep Cycle 4; SC5: Sleep Cycle 5

[0139] FIG. 7 shows the percent of dial updates per subject per week tested in the incremental changes (e.g., increases) between initial and final temperature group (New AP (Exp 2)) and the no incremental changes (e.g., increases) between initial and final temperature group (Baseline (current AP)). The x-axis shows the Subject ID number for the subjects included in the study.

[0140] FIG. 8A illustrates an example graphical user interface (GUI) depicting the incremental temperature changes of the bed device.

[0141] FIG. 8B illustrates an example graphical user interface (GUI) depicting the incremental temperature changes of the bed device, including temperature fluctuations of the final temperature.

[0142] FIG. 8C illustrates an example GUI depicting the four temperatures that the subject can set in the bed device app. Bed Time - bedtime temperature; Deep - initial temperature; REM - final temperature; Wakeup - wake-up temperature.

[0143] FIG. 9A depicts the bed device temperature dial values for the control, Tl, and T2 groups for the initial temperature profile recommended based on age, biological sex, and seasonal information.

[0144] FIG. 9B depicts the bed device temperature dial values for the control, Tl, and T2 groups for the initial temperature profile recommended based on age, biological sex, and geographical location.

[0145] FIG. 10 illustrates the group sizes for each initial temperature profile group (control, Tl, and T2), number of male / female subjects, number of subjects in each age group (less than 36 years old, between 36 to 50 years old, greater than 50 years old), and winter / summer profiles.

[0146] FIG. 11 depicts the difference in temperature level of female subject’s bed device during the subject’s follicular phase and luteal phase. The difference in temperature level was calculated by taking the median temperature across each user / period / phase, taking the temperature difference within each month between bed device temperatures for the luteal phase minus the follicular phase. For a given subject, the mean temperature differences were calculated across all months. The y-axis represents the temperature difference on the bed device temperature dial. Age bin 0.0 represents female users younger than 35 years old; agebin 1.0 represents female users between the age of 35 to 60 years old. The (1) boxes represent the bed device temperature during follicular phase; the (2) boxes represent the bed device temperature during luteal phase. The triangle depicts the mean difference for each group and the black link inside the box depicts the median of each group.

[0147] FIG. 12 depicts the temperature levels of the bed device for the female subject during follicular phase and luteal phase of the subject’s menstrual cycle. The (1) boxes represent the bed device temperatures during the subject’s follicular phase; the (2) boxes represent the bed device temperatures during the subject’s luteal phase. The open circles on the plot represent the mean for each group; the black horizontal line within each box in the boxplot represents the median of each group. Age-bin 0.0 represent female subjects under 35 years of age; age bin 1.0 represent female subjects between the age of 35 to 60 years old.

[0148] FIG. 13 depicts the percentage dial updates during the follicular and the luteal phase of the subject’s menstrual cycle. The (1) boxes represent the follicular phase; the (2) boxes represent the luteal phase. The open circles on the plot represent the mean for each group; the black horizontal line within each box in the boxplot represents the median of each group. Age-bin 0.0 represent female subjects under 35 years of age; age bin 1.0 represent female subjects between the age of 35 to 60 years old.

[0149] FIG. 14 depicts the percentage of nights that subject adjusted the temperature dial values (e.g., override) for male subjects and female subjects. The data was normalized by taking the total number of nights with a bed device temperature for each individual and calculating the percentage of nights the subject made a dial value adjustment. The (1) boxes represent male subjects; the (2) boxes represent female subjects. The open circles on the plot represent the mean for each group; the black horizontal line within each box in the boxplot represents the median of each group.

[0150] FIG. 15 depicts normal core body temperature curve throughout the night. Women generally can have an earlier core temperature nadir compared to men. During a 24-hour period, the core temperature of the subject can fluctuate between about 1°C (1.8 °F). The red line illustrates the core temperature nadir.

[0151] FIG. 16 depicts a schematic for the experimental design testing the temperature regulation of the bed device. Subjects (n=54) spent the first seven nights with temperature regulation off (bed device OFF Baseline), and then spent seven nights with temperature regulation on (bed device ON), followed by the last two nights with temperature regulation off (bed device OFF End). Sleep stages, sleep onset latency (SOL), sleep efficiency (SE), andtotal sleep time (TST) were recorded on Nights 6-9 and 13-16 through a home sleep test device (HST). Throughout the entire study, sleeping HR and HRV along with daily exercise were recorded via a Fitbit Activity Track or Smartwatch available from Alphabet Inc. of Mountain View, CA. Ratings of perceptual comfort and sleep quality were recorded via a daily morning survey.

[0152] FIG. 17 shows changes in HR and HRV based on bed device temperature status in female users (1) and male users (2). Means ± SE for minimum sleeping HR and median sleeping HRV at bed device OFF Baseline, bed device ON, and Post- bed device OFF stratified by sex. indicates significant difference in linear mixed models from bed device OFF Baseline at p<0.05.

[0153] FIG. 18 shows changes in sleep latency metrics from bed device OFF for cool (1) vs warm (2) bedtime temperatures. Mean difference and 95% confidence intervals for the change in sleep onset latency (SOL) and Deep SOL metrics from bed device OFF Baseline vs. bed device ON sleeping at cool or warm Bedtime temperatures, stratified by sex. REM SOL represents the mean difference from bed device OFF to cool vs. warm initial Phase temperatures, indicates significant difference from bed device OFF Baseline at PO. IO.

[0154] FIG. 19 shows changes in absolute sleep stage duration based on cool (1) vs. warm (2) sleepers in initial and final phases. Boxplots depicting distributions of changes in time (min) spent in each sleep stage for bed device OFF vs. Cool or Warm temperatures during initial and final Phase, for females (A) and males (B). Each individual dot represents the weighted mean change in time spent in that sleep stage for each individual. The black diamonds denote means and the horizontal lines within the boxes denote medians. The dotted line at 0 indicates no change from bed device OFF baseline to bed device ON. indicates significant difference in linear mixed models from bed device OFF Baseline at p<0.10.

[0155] FIG. 20 shows changes in the percentage of total sleep time spent in each sleep stage on cool (1) vs. warm (2) sleepers in initial and final phases. Boxplots depicting distributions of changes in the percentage of time spent in each sleep stage for bed device OFF vs. Cool or Warm temperatures. Initial Phase (left-hand panels) and final Phase (righthand panels) are separated for females (A) and males (B). Each individual dot represents the weighted mean change in time spent in that sleep stage for each individual. The black diamonds denote means and the horizontal lines within the boxes denote medians. The dotted line at 0 indicates no change from bed device OFF baseline to bed device ON. indicates significant difference in linear mixed models from bed device OFF Baseline at p<0.10.

[0156] FIG. 21 depicts a Confusion matrix showing the sleep staging algorithm’s accuracy.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0157] While preferred embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope present disclosure. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the present disclosure described herein may be employed in practicing the embodiments present disclosure. It is intended that the below claims define the scope of the invention and that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.

[0158] All terms are intended to be understood as they would be understood by a person skilled in the art. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the disclosure pertains.

[0159] The section headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the subject matter described.

[0160] Although various features of the inventions herein can be described in the context of a single embodiment, the features can also be provided separately or in any suitable combination. Conversely, although the inventions herein can be described herein in the context of separate embodiments for clarity, the inventions herein can also be implemented in a single embodiment.

[0161] The following definitions supplement those in the art and are directed to the current application and are not to be imputed to any related or unrelated case, e.g, to any commonly owned patent or application. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice for testing of the present disclosure, the preferred materials and methods are described herein. Accordingly, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. In this application, the use of the singular includes the plural unless specifically stated otherwise. It must be noted that, as used in the specification, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0162] In this application, the use of “or” means “and / or” unless stated otherwise. Furthermore, use of the term “including” as well as other forms, such as “include”, “includes,” and “included,” is not limiting.

[0163] Reference in the specification to “some embodiments,” “an embodiment,” “one embodiment” or “other embodiments” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments is included in at least some embodiments, but not necessarily all embodiments, of the inventions.

[0164] As used in this specification and claim(s), the words “comprising” (and any form of comprising, such as “comprise” and “comprises”), “having” (and any form of having, such as “have” and “has”), “including” (and any form of including, such as “includes” and “include”) or “containing” (and any form of containing, such as “contains” and “contain”) are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps. It is contemplated that any embodiment discussed in this specification can be implemented with respect to any method or composition of the invention, and vice versa. Furthermore, compositions of the present disclosure can be used to achieve methods of the invention.

[0165] The term “about” in relation to a reference numerical value and its grammatical equivalents as used herein can include the numerical value itself and a range of values plus or minus 10% from that numerical value. For example, the amount “about 10” includes 10 and any amounts from 9 to 11. For example, the term “about” in relation to a reference numerical value can also include a range of values plus or minus 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, or 1% from that value.

[0166] The terms “subject” and “patient,” as used herein, include animals (e.g., vertebrates, amphibians, fish, mammals, cats, dogs, horses, pigs, cows, sheep, rodents, rabbits, squirrels, bears, primates (e.g., chimpanzees, gorillas, and humans)), which are capable of suffering from cancer. “Subject” may also be a cell, a population of cells, a tissue, an organ, or an organism, preferably to human and constituents thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the mammal is a human.

[0167] A “control” or “standard control” refers to a sample, measurement, or value that serves as a reference, usually a known reference, for comparison to a test sample, measurement, or value.

[0168] The terms “furniture,” “article of furniture,” or “piece of furniture,” as used interchangeably herein, can refer to a bed, crib, bassinet, chair, seat, loveseat, sofa, couch, head rest, stool, ottoman, bench, or any panel intended to be covered with a fabric. The article of furniture can be intended for use in a home, an office, a medical facility (e.g., a hospital), or on a vehicle of transportation such as a car, truck, boat, bus, train or the like. The article of furniture can be intended for use for at least one person (and / or at least one animal, such as apet). The article of furniture can be intended for use for at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more persons. The article of furniture can be intended for use for at most about 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 person. In an example, the article of furniture may be a bed, and the bed may comprise a plurality of sizes comprising single, single extra-long, double, queen, king, super king, etc. In another example, the article of furniture may be an infant warmer (e.g., a babytherm) to provide heat at one or more temperatures to an infant.

[0169] The terms “bed” or “bed device,” as used interchangeably herein, may be an article of furniture used for sleep or rest. The bed may comprise a mattress, a mattress pad, and / or a covering (e.g., a blanket). One or more users may sleep or rest on and / or adjacent to a surface of the bed. The surface may be a top surface of the bed. The top surface of the bed may be flat or textured. The bed may be the mattress. The bed may be the mattress pad that covers at least a portion of a surface of a mattress or at least a surface of the mattress. Alternatively or in addition to, the user(s) may sleep under a surface of the bed. The surface may be one or more surfaces of a covering, such as, for example, a blanket. The blanket may be disposed on top of at least a part of the user(s). The bed may be the blanket. The terms “biological signal,” “vital signal,” and “bio signal” can be used interchangeably. Examples of the biological signal can include a heart signal (e.g., heart rate or sound), a respiration (breathing) signal (e.g., respiration rate or sound), a motion, a temperature, a movement, perspiration, sound, neural activity, etc. The article of furniture (e.g., the bed) may be capable of detecting one or more biological signals of the user(s). The article of furniture may be capable of adjusting a property of the article of furniture (e.g., temperature or movement of the article of furniture, such as vibration, geometric configuration, etc.) to control (e.g., increase, decrease, or maintain) the biological signal(s) of the user(s) of the article of furniture.Systems and methods for temperature regulation of an article of furniture

[0170] Various aspects of the present disclosure provide systems and methods (e.g., computer-implemented methods) for providing or regulating a setting of an article of furniture. Non-limiting examples of a setting of an article of furniture can include temperature, shape, movement (e.g., vibration), etc. The article of furniture can be, for example, a bed device, chair, or sofa. Thus, any disclosures directed to one example of an article of furniture (e.g., a bed device) may be interchangeable with another example of an article of furniture (e.g., chair, sofa, etc.).

[0171] Various aspects of the systems and methods (e.g., computer-implemented methods) provided herein can be utilized to tailor a setting of the article of furniture (e.g., temperatureof a bed device) based on one or more parameters specific for a user of the article of furniture. Non-limiting examples of such parameter(s) can include, age, biological sex, geolocation, time (e.g., with respect to the day, with respect to the week, with respect to the month, with respect to the year, with respect to the season) of use of the article of furniture, sleep habits or patterns (e.g., average bedtime), health condition or state (e.g., healthy, a disease type, pregnancy, menstruation cycle, menopause, hot flashes, night sweats, etc.). The setting of the article of furniture can be tailored prior to, during, and / or subsequent to the user’s use of the article of furniture. For example, a temperature of a bed device can be adjusted, via the system and methods provided herein, prior to the user’s getting into the bed device, prior to the user’s falling asleep on the bed device, during the user’s sleep on the bed device, prior to the user’s waking up while sleeping on the bed device, during the user’s waking up on the bed device, and / or subsequent to the user’s use of the bed device.

[0172] Without wishing to be bound by theory, a same setting of the article of furniture can feel different or have different effects (e.g., health effects, different experiences) on different people, and adjusting a setting of the article of furniture based on one or more parameters of an individual can enhance the individual’s user experience (e.g., can enhance quality of sleep of the user on a bed device). For example, a setting that is beneficial for a biological male user’s experience in using the article of furniture (e.g., sleeping on a bed device) may not be beneficial for a biological female user’s experience in using the same, or vice versa. Thus, various aspects of the systems and methods, for example, can fulfill the unmet need of providing an optimal and / or personalized setting of the article of furniture for the user and / or assisting the user to determine such optimal and / or personalized setting. The setting of the article of furniture can be adjusted prior to the user’s use (e.g., prior to the user’s first use of the article of furniture, prior to user’s use of the day, etc.), during the user’s use, and / or subsequent to the user’s use. In some cases, such parameter(s) can be estimated based on detection data from one or more detectors such as sensors operatively coupled to the article of furniture (e.g., sensor(s) in the article of furniture). Alternatively or in addition to, such param eter(s) can be provided by the user (e.g., via graphical user interface (GUI) of a user device, such as a smart watch or smart phone).

[0173] The systems and methods (e.g., computer-implemented methods) of the present disclosure can be utilized for regulating temperature of a surface. In some embodiments, the surface is a bed device. In some embodiments, the bed device changes temperature. In some embodiments, the bed device changes temperature while a subject is on the surface of the beddevice. In some embodiments, the bed device is operatively coupled to one or more sensors. The one or more sensors can be part of the bed device, part of a room or space comprising the bed device there within, and / or a part of a wearable device that the user of the bed device is wearing. The sensor(s) can be configured to measure one or more biological signals comprising heart signal, breathing signal, respiration rate, temperature, movement, presence, etc. Non-limiting examples of a sensor can include a capacitance sensor (e.g., for detecting presence), a piezo sensor (e.g., for measuring a biological signal such as heart signal, breathing signal, respiration signal, etc.), a temperature sensor (e.g., for measuring temperature of the user, or that of the bed), pressure sensor, optical sensor, humidity sensors, etc.

[0174] In some embodiments, the bed device further comprises a processor. In some embodiments, the processor analyzes the data collected by the one or more sensors. In some embodiments, the bed device further comprises a temperature regulator. In some embodiments, the temperature regulator is operatively connected to the processor. In some embodiments, the processor can provide a control signal to the temperature regulator. In some embodiments, the control signal can be an instruction for the temperature regulator to change a temperature of the article of furniture. In some embodiments, the control signal can be an instruction for the temperature regulator to change a temperature of a portion of the article of furniture (e.g., bed device). In some embodiments, the temperature regulator is capable of directing a fluid that is temperature regulated on at least a portion of the bed device. In some embodiments, the temperature regulator is capable of directing a fluid that is temperature regulated adjacent to the at least the portion of the bed device. In some cases, the fluid is liquid. In some cases, the fluid is a gas. In some cases, the gas is air. In some cases, the temperature regulator is located within the bed device. In some cases, the temperature regulator is located separate from the bed device.

[0175] In some embodiments, the bed device can further comprise a device comprising a memory. In some cases, the device can be coupled to the processor. In some cases, the device can be a RAM device, a solid-state drive (SSD), a hard disc, a flash drive, a flash memory, a compact disc, a pen drive, a hard disc drive, or any combination thereof.

[0176] In some embodiments, the one or more sensors detects one or more biometrics from the subject when on the surface of the bed device. In some embodiments, the one or more sensors measures one or more biometrics from the subject when on the surface of the bed device. In some embodiments, the one or more sensors collect data of the one or morebiometrics from the subject when on the surface of the bed device. In some embodiments, the one or more biometrics is heart rate (HR). Heart rate can measure the number of times each minute a heart beats. In some embodiments, the one or more biometrics is heart rate variability (HRV). Heart rate variability can measure the variation in time between each heartbeat (e.g., the time difference between the peaks of R-waves over time in cardiac cycle). In some embodiments, the one or more biometrics is the skin temperature of the subject when on the surface of the bed device. In some embodiments, the one or more biometrics is respiration rate. The respiration rate can be the number of breaths the subject takes per minute. In some embodiments, the one or more biometrics is the perspiration of the subject when on the bed device. In some embodiments, the one or more sensors detect moisture or changes in humidity from the subject’s perspiration. In some embodiments, the one or more biometrics are HR, HRV, respiration rate, and skin temperature. In some embodiments, the one or more biometrics are HR and HRV. In some embodiments, the one or more biometrics are HR and skin temperature. In some embodiments, the one or more biometrics are HRV and skin temperature. In some embodiments, the one or more biometrics can be an electrocardiogram. In some embodiments, the one or more biometrics can be an electromyography. In some embodiments, the one or more biometrics can be an electroencephalography. In some embodiments, the one or more biometrics are percent light sleep, percent deep sleep, percent REM sleep, total sleep time, sleep cycle length, wake time, total net sleep score, HR, HRV, skin temperature, respiration rate, electrocardiogram, electromyography, electroencephalography, or any combination thereof.

[0177] In some embodiments, the one or more sensors are in a wearable device that the subject wears. In some embodiments, the wearable device measures the one or more biometrics of the subject. In some cases, the wearable device may measure any of the biometrics disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the wearable device syncs with the bed device app and the bed device app collects data from the wearable device. Non-limiting examples of wearable devices include: 3P smartwatches available from 3P Experts of Addison, TX, Apple Smartwatches available from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, CA, Fitbit smartwatches, Garmin smartwatches available from Garmin Ltd. of Olathe, KS, Oura smartring available from Oura Health Oy of Oulu, Finland, WHOOP smartbands available from WHOOP Inc. of Boston, MA, WHOOP smartwatches available from WHOOP Inc. of Boston, MA, Biostrap monitor available from Biostrap USA, LLC of Duarte, CA, a chest wore heart monitoring band, a sensor patch, a sensor headband, and Go2sleeper smartringavailable from SLEEPON of Shenzhen, China.

[0178] In some embodiments, the user of the bed device can wake up during the use of the bed device. In some embodiments, the bed device app shows the user the length of time the user was asleep, the sleep phrase the user was in when the user woke up, and / or the type of sleep (e.g., light sleep, deep sleep, REM-sleep) the user was in when the user woke up.

[0179] In some embodiments, the one or more sensors measures the one or more biometrics while the subject on the bed device. In some embodiments, the wearable device measures the one or more biometrics while the subject is not on the bed device. In some embodiments, the bed device app sends a summary to the subject through the phone. In some embodiments, the bed device app sends the summary to the subject between every 24 hours to about every 31 days. In some embodiments, the bed device app sends the summary to the subject every about 24 hours, about 48 hours, about 3 days, about 4 days, about 5 days, about 6 days, about 7 days, about 14 days, about 28 days, about 30 days, or about 31 days.

[0180] In some embodiments, the summary has information collected while the subject is on the bed device. In some embodiments, the summary has information collected from the one or more sensors. Non-limiting information in the summary can include: HR, HRV, respiration rate, occurrence of perspiration events, humidity, timing of perspiration events, skin temperature, total sleep time, percent of light sleep, percent of deep sleep, percent of REM sleep, wake time, and net sleep score. In some embodiments, the summary includes recommendations to improve sleep. In some embodiments, the summary includes exercise suggestions to improve sleep (e.g., light vs heavy exercise). In some embodiments, the summary includes suggested bedtimes to improve sleep. In some embodiments, the summary includes whether the subject needs more sleep in one or more sleep stages (e.g., deep sleep, light sleep, REM sleep). In some embodiments, the summary has information collected over between about 24 hours to about ten years. In some embodiments, the summary has information collected over about 24 hours, about 48 hours, about 3 days, about 4 days, about 5 days, about 7 days, about 14 days, about 28 days, about 30 days, about 31 days, about two months, about three months, about four months, about five months, about six months, about seven months, about eight months, about nine months, about ten months, about 11 months, about one year, about two years, about three years, about four years, about five years, about six years, about seven years, about eight years, about nine years, or about ten years.Regulating temperatures based on sleep cycles

[0181] One aspect of the present disclosure provides systems and methods (e.g., a computer-implemented method) for regulating the temperature of a bed device when a subject is on the bed device. In some embodiments, the regulating the temperature of the bed device is based on an individual’s sleep cycles and sleep cycle length. In some embodiments, the regulating the temperature of the bed device based on the individual’s sleep cycles and sleep cycle length is performed retroactively. In some embodiments, the regulating the temperature of the bed device based on the individual’s sleep cycles and sleep cycle length is performed in real time during use of the bed device. In some embodiments, the regulating the temperature of the bed device can occur between about 1 second to about 10 minutes after determining the individual’s sleep cycles or sleep cycle length. In some cases, the regulating the temperature of the bed device can occur between about 1 second to about 10 seconds, between about 10 seconds to about 30 seconds, between about 30 seconds to 60 seconds, between about 60 seconds to about 2 minutes, between about 2 minutes to about 3 minutes, between about 3 minutes to about 4 minutes, between about 4 minutes to about 5 minutes, between about 5 minutes to about 6 minutes, between about 6 minutes to about 7 minutes, between about 7 minutes to about 8 minutes, between about 8 minutes to about 9 minutes, or between about 9 minutes to about 10 minutes after determining the individual’s sleep cycles or sleep cycle length. In some cases, the regulating the temperature of the bed device can occur at least about 1 second, at least about 5 seconds, at least about 10 seconds, at least about 15 seconds, at least about 20 seconds, at least about 25 seconds, at least about 30 seconds, at least about 35 seconds, at least about 40 seconds, at least about 45 seconds, at least about 50 seconds, at least about 55 seconds, at least about 60 seconds, at least about 2 minutes, at least about 3 minutes, at least about 4 minutes, at least about 5 minutes, at least about 6 minutes, at least about 7 minutes, at least about 8 minutes, at least about 9 minutes, at least about 10 minutes, or more than 10 minutes after determining the individual’s sleep cycles or sleep cycle length. In some cases, the regulating the temperature of the bed device can occur at most about 10 minutes, at most about 9 minutes, at most about 8 minutes, at most about 7 minutes, at most about 6 minutes, at most about 5 minutes, at most about 4 minutes, at most about 3 minutes, at most about 2 minutes, at most about 60 seconds, at most about 55 seconds, at most about 50 seconds, at most about 45 seconds, at most about 40 seconds, at most about 35 seconds, at most about 30 seconds, at most about 25 seconds, at most about 20 seconds, at most about 15 seconds, at most about 10 seconds, at most about 5 seconds, at most about 1 second, or less than 1 second after determining the individual’s sleep cycles or sleep cycle length. In some cases, the regulating the temperature of the bed device can occur about 1 second, about 5seconds, about 10 seconds, about 15 seconds, about 20 seconds, about 25 seconds, about 30 seconds, about 35 seconds, about 40 seconds, about 45 seconds, about 50 seconds, about 55 seconds, about 60 seconds, about 2 minutes, about 3 minutes, about 4 minutes, about 5 minutes, about 6 minutes, about 7 minutes, about 8 minutes, about 9 minutes, or about 10 minutes after determining the individual’s sleep cycles or sleep cycle length.

[0182] In some embodiments, the respiration rate and / or the heart rate (HR) of the user can decrease when the user is asleep on the bed device. In some cases, the respiration rate and / or the heart rate of the user can be lower when the user is asleep on the bed device than when the user is awake on the bed device.

[0183] In some cases, a sleep cycle can have a plurality of stages of sleep from the following: stage one of non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, stage two of non-REM sleep, stage three of non-REM sleep, and REM sleep. In stage one of non-REM sleep, a subject’s eyes are closed and the subject can be easily woken up. This stage may last between about 1 minute to about 10 minutes. In some embodiments, stage one of non-REM sleep lasts about one minute, about two minutes, about three minutes, about four minutes, about five minutes, about six minutes, about seven minutes, about eight minutes, about nine minutes, or about ten minutes. In some embodiments, the stage one of non-REM sleep lasts about five minutes. In some embodiments, the stage one of non-REM sleep lasts about ten minutes. Stage one of non- REM sleep can be considered light sleep.

[0184] In stage two of non-REM sleep, a subject may be in light sleep. The subject’s HR can slow and the subject’s body temperature can decrease. Stage two of non-REM sleep can be considered light sleep. In some embodiments, the first cycle of stage two non-REM sleep can last between about 10 minutes to about 25 minutes. In some embodiments the first cycle of stage two non-REM sleep can last about 10 minutes, about 15 minutes, about 20 minutes, or about 25 minutes. In some embodiments, each subsequent cycle of stage two non-REM sleep increases from the previous cycle.

[0185] Stage three of non-REM sleep can be the deep sleep stage. A subject in stage three of non-REM sleep may be difficult to awaken. Stage three of non-REM sleep can be considered deep sleep. In stage three of non-REM sleep, a subject’s respiration rate and heart rate decreases. In some embodiments, stage three of non-REM sleep lasts between about 20 minutes to about 90 minutes. In some embodiments, stage three of non-REM sleep lasts about 20 minutes, about 25 minutes, about 30 minutes, about 35 minutes, about 40 minutes, about 45 minutes, about 50 minutes, about 55 minutes, about 60 minutes, about 65 minutes, about70 minutes, about 75 minutes, about 80 minutes, about 85 minutes, or about 90 minutes.

[0186] REM sleep can be the final stage of a sleep cycle of a subject. During REM sleep, a subject’s heart rate and respiration rate can increase. A subject can dream during REM sleep. The first period of REM sleep may last about 10 minutes. Each subsequent cycle of REM sleep can increase from the length of time in REM sleep in the previous cycle. The final period of REM sleep may last about 60 minutes. Following the REM sleep stage, there can a period of the subject being awake. In some embodiments, the period of wake is between about 0 minutes to about 20 minutes. In some embodiments, the period of wake is about 0 minutes, about 1 minute, about 2 minutes, about 3 minutes, about 4 minutes, about 5 minutes, about 6 minutes, about 7 minutes, about 8 minutes, about 9 minutes, about 10 minutes, about 11 minutes, about 12 minutes, about 13 minutes, about 14 minutes, about 15 minutes, about 16 minutes, about 17 minutes, about 18 minutes, about 19 minutes, or about 20 minutes. After completion of all stages of the sleep cycle, the sleep cycle starts over again.

[0187] In some embodiments, a subject has between about 3 to about 6 sleep cycles. In some embodiments, a subject has about four sleep cycles. In some embodiments, a subject has about five sleep cycles. In some embodiments, the subject has about six sleep cycles. In some embodiments, the first sleep cycle lasts between about 60 to 100 minutes. In some embodiments, the first sleep cycle lasts about 60 minutes, about 65 minutes, about 70 minutes, about 75 minutes, about 80 minutes, about 85 minutes, about 90 minutes, about 95 minutes, or about 100 minutes. In some embodiments, subsequent sleep cycles after the first sleep cycle last between about 90 to about 130 minutes. In some embodiments, the subsequent sleep cycles last about 90 minutes, about 95 minutes, about 100 minutes, about 105 minutes, about 110 minutes, about 115 minutes, about 120 minutes, about 125 minutes, or about 130 minutes.

[0188] In some embodiments, the bed device further comprises a processor. In some embodiments, the processor analyzes the data collected by the one or more sensors. In some embodiments, the bed device further comprises a temperature regulator. In some embodiments, the temperature regulator is operatively connected to the processor. In some embodiments, the processor can provide a control signal to the temperature regulator. In some embodiments, the control signal can be an instruction for the temperature regulator to change a temperature of the article of furniture. In some embodiments, the control signal can be an instruction for the temperature regulator to change a temperature of a portion of the article of furniture (e.g., bed device). In some embodiments, the control signal can be aninstruction to change the temperature to the bedtime temperature. In some embodiments, the control signal can be an instruction to change the bedtime temperature to the initial temperature. In some embodiments, the control signal can be an instruction to change the temperature to the initial temperature. In some embodiments, the control signal can be an instruction to change the initial temperature to the final temperature. In some embodiments, the control signal can be an instruction to change the temperature to the final temperature. In some embodiments, the control signal can be an instruction to change the temperature to the wake-up temperature. In some embodiments, the control signal can be an instruction to change the final temperature to the wake-up temperature.

[0189] In some embodiments, the sleep cycle(s) provided herein can be predicted by the bed device (e.g., by a computer processor operatively coupled to the bed device). Such prediction can be based on information from other users and / or sensing data collected from the user while using the bed device.

[0190] In some embodiments, the subject (or user) selects a plurality of temperatures (e.g., via GUI operatively coupled to the system provided herein). For example, the subject can select at least four temperature settings: a first temperature (e.g., Bedtime or a bedtime temperature), a second temperature (e.g., Early Phase or an initial temperature), a third temperature (e.g., Late Phase or a final temperature), and a fourth temperature (e.g., a wakeup temperature).

[0191] In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature is the temperature of the bed device when the subject falls asleep while on the surface of the bed device. In some embodiments, the bed device maintains at the bedtime temperature for a period of time after the subject falls asleep on the surface of the bed device. The period of time can be at least or up to about 5 minutes, at least or up to about 10 minutes, at least or up to about 15 minutes, at least or up to about 20 minutes, at least or up to about 25 minutes, at least or up to about 30 minutes, at least or up to about 40 minutes, at least or up to about 50 minutes, at least or up to about 60 minutes, at least or up to about 90 minutes, or at least or up to about 120 minutes. In some embodiments, the initial temperature is the temperature of the bed device when the subject starts the first sleep cycle on the surface of the bed device. In some embodiments, the initial temperature of the bed device promotes deep sleep. In some embodiments, the initial temperature corresponds to a deep sleep temperature. In some embodiments, the final temperature is the temperature of the bed device following the initial temperature. In some embodiments, the final temperature of the bed device promotes REM sleep. In someembodiments, the final temperature corresponds to a rapid eye movement (REM) sleep temperature. In some embodiments, the final temperature of the bed device is the temperature that the subject will awaken to on the subject of the bed device. Alternatively, the bedtime temperature can be the temperature of the bed device that is preset prior to but near a bedtime (e.g., a predesignated bedtime, average bedtime) of the user prior to the user’s use of the bed device.

[0192] In some embodiments, the initial temperature of the bed device is colder (e.g., lower) than the bedtime temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the initial temperature of the bed device is between about 0.5°Celsius (C) to about 5°C colder than the bedtime temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the initial temperature of the bed device is at least or up to about 0.5°C , at least or up to about 1°C , at least or up to about 1.5°C , at least or up to about 2°C , at least or up to about 2.5°C , at least or up to about 3°C , at least or up to about 3.5°C , at least or up to about 4°C , at least or up to about 4.5°C , at least or up to about 5°C , at least or up to about 6°C , at least or up to about 7°C , at least or up to about 8°C , at least or up to about 9°C , or at least or up to about 10°C colder than the bedtime temperature of the bed device.

[0193] In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature of the bed device is colder (e.g., lower) than the initial temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature of the bed device is between about 0.5°Celsius (C) to about 5°C colder than the initial temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature of the bed device is at least or up to about 0.5°C , at least or up to about 1°C , at least or up to about 1.5°C , at least or up to about 2°C , at least or up to about 2.5°C , at least or up to about 3°C , at least or up to about 3.5°C , at least or up to about 4°C , at least or up to about 4.5°C , at least or up to about 5°C , at least or up to about 6°C , at least or up to about 7°C , at least or up to about 8°C , at least or up to about 9°C , or at least or up to about 10°C colder than the initial temperature of the bed device.

[0194] In some embodiments, the initial temperature of the bed device is warmer (e.g., higher) than the bedtime temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the initial temperature of the bed device is between about 0.5° Celsius (C) to about 5°C colder than the bedtime temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the initial temperature of the bed device is at least or up to about 0.5°C , at least or up to about 1°C , at least or up to about 1.5°C , at least or up to about 2°C , at least or up to about 2.5°C , at least or up to about 3°C , at least or up to about 3.5°C , at least or up to about 4°C , at least or up to about 4.5°C , atleast or up to about 5°C , at least or up to about 6°C , at least or up to about 7°C , at least or up to about 8°C , at least or up to about 9°C , or at least or up to about 10°C colder than the bedtime temperature of the bed device.

[0195] In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature of the bed device is warmer (e.g., greater) than the initial temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature of the bed device is between about 0.5°Celsius (C) to about 5°C warmer than the bedtime temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature of the bed device is at least or up to about 0.5°C , at least or up to about 1°C , at least or up to about 1.5°C , at least or up to about 2°C , at least or up to about 2.5°C , at least or up to about 3°C , at least or up to about 3.5°C , at least or up to about 4°C , at least or up to about 4.5°C , at least or up to about 5°C , at least or up to about 6°C , at least or up to about 7°C , at least or up to about 8°C , at least or up to about 9°C , or at least or up to about 10°C warmer than the initial temperature of the bed device.

[0196] In some embodiments, the initial temperature of the bed device is colder (e.g., lower) than the final temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the initial temperature of the bed device is between about 0.5° to about 5°C colder than the final temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the initial temperature of the bed device is at least or up to about 0.5°C , at least or up to about 1°C , at least or up to about 1.5°C , at least or up to about 2°C , at least or up to about 2.5°C , at least or up to about 3°C , at least or up to about 3.5°C , at least or up to about 4°C , at least or up to about 4.5°C , or at least or up to about 5°C , at least or up to about 6°C , at least or up to about 7°C , at least or up to about 8°C , at least or up to about 9°C , or at least or up to about 10°C colder than the final temperature of the bed device.

[0197] In some embodiments, the final temperature of the bed device is colder (e.g., lower) than the initial temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the final temperature of the bed device is between about 0.5° to about 5°C colder than the initial temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the final temperature of the bed device is at least or up to about 0.5°C , at least or up to about 1°C , at least or up to about 1.5°C , at least or up to about 2°C , at least or up to about 2.5°C , at least or up to about 3°C , at least or up to about 3.5°C , at least or up to about 4°C , at least or up to about 4.5°C , or at least or up to about 5°C , at least or up to about 6°C , at least or up to about 7°C , at least or up to about 8°C , at least or up to about 9°C , or at least or up to about 10°C colder than the initial temperature of the bed device.

[0198] In some embodiments, the initial temperature of the bed device is warmer (e.g., greater) than the final temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the initial temperature of the bed device is between about 0.5° to about 5°C colder than the final temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the initial temperature of the bed device is at least or up to about 0.5°C , at least or up to about 1°C , at least or up to about 1.5°C , at least or up to about 2°C , at least or up to about 2.5°C , at least or up to about 3°C , at least or up to about 3.5°C , at least or up to about 4°C , at least or up to about 4.5°C , or at least or up to about 5°C , at least or up to about 6°C , at least or up to about 7°C , at least or up to about 8°C , at least or up to about 9°C , or at least or up to about 10°C colder than the final temperature of the bed device.

[0199] In some embodiments, the final temperature of the bed device is warmer (e.g., greater) than the initial temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the final temperature of the bed device is between about 0.5° to about 5°C colder than the initial temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the final temperature of the bed device is at least or up to about 0.5°C , at least or up to about 1°C , at least or up to about 1.5°C , at least or up to about 2°C , at least or up to about 2.5°C , at least or up to about 3°C , at least or up to about 3.5°C , at least or up to about 4°C , at least or up to about 4.5°C , or at least or up to about 5°C , at least or up to about 6°C , at least or up to about 7°C , at least or up to about 8°C , at least or up to about 9°C , or at least or up to about 10°C colder than the initial temperature of the bed device.

[0200] In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature of the bed device is colder (e.g., lower) than the final temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature of the bed device is between about 0.5° to about 5°C colder than the final temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature of the bed device is at least or up to about 0.5°C, at least or up to about 1°C, at least or up to about 1.5°C, at least or up to about 2°C, at least or up to about 2.5°C, at least or up to about 3°C, at least or up to about 3.5°C, at least or up to about 4°C, at least or up to about 4.5°C, or at least or up to about 5°C, at least or up to about 6°C, at least or up to about 7°C, at least or up to about 8°C, at least or up to about 9°C, or at least or up to about 10°C colder than the final temperature of the bed device.

[0201] In some embodiments, the final temperature of the bed device is colder (e.g., lower) than the bedtime temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the final temperature of the bed device is between about 0.5° to about 5°C colder than the bedtime temperature ofthe bed device. In some embodiments, the final temperature of the bed device is at least or up to about 0.5°C , at least or up to about 1°C , at least or up to about 1.5°C , at least or up to about 2°C , at least or up to about 2.5°C , at least or up to about 3°C , at least or up to about 3.5°C , at least or up to about 4°C , at least or up to about 4.5°C , or at least or up to about 5°C , at least or up to about 6°C , at least or up to about 7°C , at least or up to about 8°C , at least or up to about 9°C , or at least or up to about 10°C colder than the bedtime temperature of the bed device.

[0202] In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature of the bed device is warmer (e.g., greater) than the final temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature of the bed device is between about 0.5° to about 5°C colder than the final temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature of the bed device is at least or up to about 0.5°C , at least or up to about 1°C , at least or up to about 1.5°C , at least or up to about 2°C , at least or up to about 2.5°C , at least or up to about 3°C , at least or up to about 3.5°C , at least or up to about 4°C , at least or up to about 4.5°C , or at least or up to about 5°C , at least or up to about 6°C , at least or up to about 7°C , at least or up to about 8°C , at least or up to about 9°C , or at least or up to about 10°C colder than the final temperature of the bed device.

[0203] In some embodiments, the final temperature of the bed device is warmer (e.g., greater) than the bedtime temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the final temperature of the bed device is between about 0.5° to about 5°C colder than the bedtime temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the final temperature of the bed device is at least or up to about 0.5°C , at least or up to about 1°C , at least or up to about 1.5°C , at least or up to about 2°C , at least or up to about 2.5°C , at least or up to about 3°C , at least or up to about 3.5°C , at least or up to about 4°C , at least or up to about 4.5°C , or at least or up to about 5°C , at least or up to about 6°C , at least or up to about 7°C , at least or up to about 8°C , at least or up to about 9°C , or at least or up to about 10°C colder than the bedtime temperature of the bed device.

[0204] In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature of the bed device can be at a steady temperature setting. In some cases, the steady temperature setting can be when the temperature of the bed device remains at the same degrees Celsius during the duration of the bedtime temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature of the bed device can be at a varying temperature setting. In some cases, the varying temperature setting can be when the temperature of the bed device remains at a temperature within a rangeof temperatures during duration of the bedtime temperature of the bed device. In some examples, the average of temperatures that occurred during the varying temperature setting during the duration of the bedtime temperature of the bed device can be the temperature of the bed device during the steady temperature setting of the bedtime temperature. In some cases, the average of the temperatures that occurred during the varying temperature setting during the duration of the bedtime temperature of the bed device can be referred to as the average temperature. In some embodiments, the range of temperatures during the duration of the bedtime temperature of the bed device can be at least or up to about 10°C lower than the set temperature of the bedtime temperature. In some cases, the range of temperature during the duration of the bedtime temperature of the bed device can be at least or up to about 0°C, at least or up to about 0.5°C, at least or up to about 1°C, at least or up to about 1.5°C, at least or up to about 2°C, at least or up to about 2.5°C, at least or up to about 3°C, at least or up to about 3.5°C, at least or up to about 4°C, at least or up to about 4.5°C, at least or up to about 5°C, at least or up to about 5.5°C, at least or up to about 6°C, at least or up to about 6.5°C, at least or up to about 7°C, at least or up to about 7.5°C, at least or up to about 8°C, at least or up to about 8.5°C, at least or up to about 9°C, at least or up to about 9.5°C, at least or up to about 10°C, at least or up to about 10.5°C, at least or up to about 11°C, at least or up to about 11.5°C, at least or up to about 12°C, at least or up to about 12.5°C, at least or up to about 13°C, at least or up to about 13.5°C, at least or up to about 14°C, at least or up to about 14.5°C, at least or up to about 15°C, at least or up to about 15.5°C, at least or up to about 16°C, at least or up to about 16.5°C, at least or up to about 17°C, at least or up to about 17.5°C, at least or up to about 18°C, at least or up to about 18.5°C, at least or up to about 19°C, at least or up to about 19.5°C, or at least or up to about 20°C lower than the set temperature of the bedtime temperature. In some embodiments, the range of temperatures during the duration of the bedtime temperature of the bed device can be at least or up to about 20°C higher than the set temperature of the bedtime temperature. In some cases, the range of temperature during the duration of the bedtime temperature of the bed device can at least or up to about 0°C, at least or up to about 0.5°C, at least or up to about 1°C, at least or up to about 1.5°C, at least or up to about 2°C, at least or up to about 2.5°C, at least or up to about 3°C, at least or up to about 3.5°C, at least or up to about 4°C, at least or up to about 4.5°C, at least or up to about 5°C, at least or up to about 5.5°C, at least or up to about 6°C, at least or up to about 6.5°C, at least or up to about 7°C, at least or up to about 7.5°C, at least or up to about 8°C, at least or up to about 8.5°C, at least or up to about 9°C, at least or up to about9.5°C, at least or up to about 10°C, at least or up to about 10.5°C, at least or up to about 11°C, at least or up to about 11.5°C, at least or up to about 12°C, at least or up to about 12.5°C, at least or up to about 13°C, at least or up to about 13.5°C, at least or up to about 14°C, at least or up to about 14.5°C, at least or up to about 15°C, at least or up to about 15.5°C, at least or up to about 16°C, at least or up to about 16.5°C, at least or up to about 17°C, at least or up to about 17.5°C, at least or up to about 18°C, at least or up to about 18.5°C, at least or up to about 19°C, at least or up to about 19.5°C, or at least or up to about 20°C higher than the set temperature of the bedtime temperature.

[0205] In some embodiments, the initial temperature of the bed device can be at a steady temperature setting. In some cases, the steady temperature setting can be when the temperature of the bed device remains at the same degrees Celsius during the duration of the initial temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the initial temperature of the bed device can be at a varying temperature setting. In some cases, the varying temperature setting can be when the temperature of the bed device remains at a temperature within a range of temperatures during duration of the initial temperature of the bed device. In some examples, the average of temperatures that occurred during the varying temperature setting during the duration of the initial temperature of the bed device can be the temperature of the bed device during the steady temperature setting of the initial temperature. In some cases, the average of the temperatures that occurred during the varying temperature setting during the duration of the initial temperature of the bed device can be referred to as the average temperature. In some embodiments, the range of temperatures during the duration of the initial temperature of the bed device can be at least or up to about 10°C lower than the set temperature of the initial temperature. In some cases, the range of temperature during the duration of the initial temperature of the bed device can be at least or up to about 0°C, at least or up to about 0.5°C, at least or up to about 1°C, at least or up to about 1.5°C, at least or up to about 2°C, at least or up to about 2.5°C, at least or up to about 3°C, at least or up to about 3.5°C, at least or up to about 4°C, at least or up to about 4.5°C, at least or up to about 5°C, at least or up to about 5.5°C, at least or up to about 6°C, at least or up to about 6.5°C, at least or up to about 7°C, at least or up to about 7.5°C, at least or up to about 8°C, at least or up to about 8.5°C, at least or up to about 9°C, at least or up to about 9.5°C, at least or up to about 10°C, at least or up to about 10.5°C, at least or up to about 11°C, at least or up to about 11.5°C, at least or up to about 12°C, at least or up to about 12.5°C, at least or up to about 13°C, at least or up to about 13.5°C, at least or up to about 14°C, at least or up to about 14.5°C, at least or up to about15°C, at least or up to about 15.5°C, at least or up to about 16°C, at least or up to about 16.5°C, at least or up to about 17°C, at least or up to about 17.5°C, at least or up to about 18°C, at least or up to about 18.5°C, at least or up to about 19°C, at least or up to about 19.5°C, or at least or up to about 20°C lower than the set temperature of the initial temperature. In some embodiments, the range of temperatures during the duration of the initial temperature of the bed device can be at least or up to about 20°C higher than the set temperature of the initial temperature. In some cases, the range of temperature during the duration of the initial temperature of the bed device can at least or up to about 0°C, at least or up to about 0.5°C, at least or up to about 1°C, at least or up to about 1.5°C, at least or up to about 2°C, at least or up to about 2.5°C, at least or up to about 3°C, at least or up to about 3.5°C, at least or up to about 4°C, at least or up to about 4.5°C, at least or up to about 5°C, at least or up to about 5.5°C, at least or up to about 6°C, at least or up to about 6.5°C, at least or up to about 7°C, at least or up to about 7.5°C, at least or up to about 8°C, at least or up to about 8.5°C, at least or up to about 9°C, at least or up to about 9.5°C, at least or up to about 10°C, at least or up to about 10.5°C, at least or up to about 11°C, at least or up to about 11.5°C, at least or up to about 12°C, at least or up to about 12.5°C, at least or up to about 13°C, at least or up to about 13.5°C, at least or up to about 14°C, at least or up to about 14.5°C, at least or up to about 15°C, at least or up to about 15.5°C, at least or up to about 16°C, at least or up to about 16.5°C, at least or up to about 17°C, at least or up to about 17.5°C, at least or up to about 18°C, at least or up to about 18.5°C, at least or up to about 19°C, at least or up to about 19.5°C, or at least or up to about 20°C higher than the set temperature of the initial temperature.

[0206] In some embodiments, the final temperature of the bed device can be at a steady temperature setting. In some cases, the steady temperature setting can be when the temperature of the bed device remains at the same degrees Celsius during the duration of the final temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the final temperature of the bed device can be at a varying temperature setting. In some cases, the varying temperature setting can be when the temperature of the bed device remains at a temperature within a range of temperatures during duration of the final temperature of the bed device. In some examples, the average of temperatures that occurred during the varying temperature setting during the duration of the final temperature of the bed device can be the temperature of the bed device during the steady temperature setting of the final temperature. In some cases, the average of the temperatures that occurred during the varying temperature setting during the duration ofthe final temperature of the bed device can be referred to as the average temperature. In some embodiments, the range of temperatures during the duration of the final temperature of the bed device can be at least or up to about 10°C lower than the set temperature of the final temperature. In some cases, the range of temperature during the duration of the final temperature of the bed device can be at least or up to about 0°C, at least or up to about 0.5°C, at least or up to about 1°C, at least or up to about 1.5°C, at least or up to about 2°C, at least or up to about 2.5°C, at least or up to about 3°C, at least or up to about 3.5°C, at least or up to about 4°C, at least or up to about 4.5°C, at least or up to about 5°C, at least or up to about 5.5°C, at least or up to about 6°C, at least or up to about 6.5°C, at least or up to about 7°C, at least or up to about 7.5°C, at least or up to about 8°C, at least or up to about 8.5°C, at least or up to about 9°C, at least or up to about 9.5°C, at least or up to about 10°C, at least or up to about 10.5°C, at least or up to about 11°C, at least or up to about 11.5°C, at least or up to about 12°C, at least or up to about 12.5°C, at least or up to about 13°C, at least or up to about 13.5°C, at least or up to about 14°C, at least or up to about 14.5°C, at least or up to about 15°C, at least or up to about 15.5°C, at least or up to about 16°C, at least or up to about 16.5°C, at least or up to about 17°C, at least or up to about 17.5°C, at least or up to about 18°C, at least or up to about 18.5°C, at least or up to about 19°C, at least or up to about 19.5°C, or at least or up to about 20°C lower than the set temperature of the final temperature. In some embodiments, the range of temperatures during the duration of the final temperature of the bed device can be at least or up to about 20°C higher than the set temperature of the final temperature. In some cases, the range of temperature during the duration of the final temperature of the bed device can at least or up to about 0°C, at least or up to about 0.5°C, at least or up to about 1°C, at least or up to about 1.5°C, at least or up to about 2°C, at least or up to about 2.5°C, at least or up to about 3°C, at least or up to about 3.5°C, at least or up to about 4°C, at least or up to about 4.5°C, at least or up to about 5°C, at least or up to about 5.5°C, at least or up to about 6°C, at least or up to about 6.5°C, at least or up to about 7°C, at least or up to about 7.5°C, at least or up to about 8°C, at least or up to about 8.5°C, at least or up to about 9°C, at least or up to about 9.5°C, at least or up to about 10°C, at least or up to about 10.5°C, at least or up to about 11°C, at least or up to about 11.5°C, at least or up to about 12°C, at least or up to about 12.5°C, at least or up to about 13°C, at least or up to about 13.5°C, at least or up to about 14°C, at least or up to about 14.5°C, at least or up to about 15°C, at least or up to about 15.5°C, at least or up to about 16°C, at least or up to about 16.5°C, at least or up to about 17°C, at least or up to about17.5°C, at least or up to about 18°C, at least or up to about 18.5°C, at least or up to about 19°C, at least or up to about 19.5°C, or at least or up to about 20°C higher than the set temperature of the final temperature.

[0207] In some embodiments, the wakeup temperature of the bed device can be at a steady temperature setting. In some cases, the steady temperature setting can be when the temperature of the bed device remains at the same degrees Celsius during the duration of the wakeup temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the wakeup temperature of the bed device can be at a varying temperature setting. In some cases, the varying temperature setting can be when the temperature of the bed device remains at a temperature within a range of temperatures during duration of the wakeup temperature of the bed device. In some examples, the average of temperatures that occurred during the varying temperature setting during the duration of the wakeup temperature of the bed device can be the temperature of the bed device during the steady temperature setting of the wakeup temperature. In some cases, the average of the temperatures that occurred during the varying temperature setting during the duration of the wakeup temperature of the bed device can be referred to as the average temperature. In some embodiments, the range of temperatures during the duration of the wakeup temperature of the bed device can be at least or up to about 10°C lower than the set temperature of the wakeup temperature. In some cases, the range of temperature during the duration of the wakeup temperature of the bed device can be at least or up to about 0°C, at least or up to about 0.5°C, at least or up to about 1°C, at least or up to about 1.5°C, at least or up to about 2°C, at least or up to about 2.5°C, at least or up to about 3°C, at least or up to about 3.5°C, at least or up to about 4°C, at least or up to about 4.5°C, at least or up to about 5°C, at least or up to about 5.5°C, at least or up to about 6°C, at least or up to about 6.5°C, at least or up to about 7°C, at least or up to about 7.5°C, at least or up to about 8°C, at least or up to about 8.5°C, at least or up to about 9°C, at least or up to about 9.5°C, at least or up to about 10°C, at least or up to about 10.5°C, at least or up to about 11°C, at least or up to about 11.5°C, at least or up to about 12°C, at least or up to about 12.5°C, at least or up to about 13°C, at least or up to about 13.5°C, at least or up to about 14°C, at least or up to about 14.5°C, at least or up to about 15°C, at least or up to about 15.5°C, at least or up to about 16°C, at least or up to about 16.5°C, at least or up to about 17°C, at least or up to about 17.5°C, at least or up to about 18°C, at least or up to about 18.5°C, at least or up to about 19°C, at least or up to about 19.5°C, or at least or up to about 20°C lower than the set temperature of the wakeup temperature. In some embodiments, the range of temperaturesduring the duration of the wakeup temperature of the bed device can be at least or up to about 20°C higher than the set temperature of the wakeup temperature. In some cases, the range of temperature during the duration of the wakeup temperature of the bed device can at least or up to about 0°C, at least or up to about 0.5°C, at least or up to about 1°C, at least or up to about 1.5°C, at least or up to about 2°C, at least or up to about 2.5°C, at least or up to about 3°C, at least or up to about 3.5°C, at least or up to about 4°C, at least or up to about 4.5°C, at least or up to about 5°C, at least or up to about 5.5°C, at least or up to about 6°C, at least or up to about 6.5°C, at least or up to about 7°C, at least or up to about 7.5°C, at least or up to about 8°C, at least or up to about 8.5°C, at least or up to about 9°C, at least or up to about 9.5°C, at least or up to about 10°C, at least or up to about 10.5°C, at least or up to about 11°C, at least or up to about 11.5°C, at least or up to about 12°C, at least or up to about 12.5°C, at least or up to about 13°C, at least or up to about 13.5°C, at least or up to about 14°C, at least or up to about 14.5°C, at least or up to about 15°C, at least or up to about 15.5°C, at least or up to about 16°C, at least or up to about 16.5°C, at least or up to about 17°C, at least or up to about 17.5°C, at least or up to about 18°C, at least or up to about 18.5°C, at least or up to about 19°C, at least or up to about 19.5°C, or at least or up to about 20°C higher than the set temperature of the wakeup temperature.

[0208] In some embodiments, the temperature of the bed device incrementally changes (e.g., increases) from one temperature setting to another temperature setting (e.g., from the initial temperature to the final temperature). A number of the incremental changes can be determined based on, for example, a number of incremental changes desired between the two temperature settings, a duration between two adjacent incremental changes of a plurality of incremental changes to be performed between the two temperature settings, consistency or variability of the incremental changes of a plurality of incremental changes between the two temperature settings, etc.

[0209] In some embodiments, the temperature of the bed device can comprise a plurality of incremental temperature changes. In some cases, the temperature of the bed device can comprise a plurality of incremental temperature changes during use of the bed device. In some examples, the temperature of the bed device can comprise a plurality of incremental temperature changes during a single use of the bed device.

[0210] In some embodiments, the plurality of incremental temperature changes can comprise a predetermined number of incremental temperature changes. In some cases, the predetermined number of incremental temperature changes can comprise between about 0incremental temperatures changes to about 100 incremental temperatures changes. In some cases, the predetermined number of incremental temperature changes can comprise at least or up to about 0 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 1 incremental temperature change, at least or up to about 2 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 3 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 4 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 5 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 6 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 7 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 8 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 9 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 10 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 11 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 12 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 13 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 14 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 15 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 16 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 17 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 18 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 19 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 20 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 21 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 22 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 23 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 24 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 25 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 26 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 27 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 28 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 29 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 30 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 31 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 32 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 33 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 34 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 35 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 36 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 37 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 38 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 39 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 40 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 41 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 42 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 43 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 44 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 45 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 46 incremental temperature changes,at least or up to about 47 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 48 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 49 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 50 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 51 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 52 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 53 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 54 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 55 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 56 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 57 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 58 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 59 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 60 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 61 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 62 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 63 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 64 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 65 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 66 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 67 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 68 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 69 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 70 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 71 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 72 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 73 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 74 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 75 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 76 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 77 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 78 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 79 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 80 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 81 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 82 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 83 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 84 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 85 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 86 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 87 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 88 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 89 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 90 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 91 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 92 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 93 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 94 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 95 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 96incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 97 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 98 incremental temperature changes, at least or up to about 99 incremental temperature changes, or at least or up to about 100 incremental temperature changes.

[0211] In some embodiments, the plurality of incremental temperature changes can comprise one or more consecutive temperature increases. In some cases, the plurality incremental temperatures changes can comprise two or more consecutive temperature increases. In some cases, the plurality incremental temperatures changes can comprise three or more consecutive temperature increases. In some cases, the plurality incremental temperatures changes can comprise four or more consecutive temperature increases. In some cases, the plurality incremental temperatures changes can comprise five or more consecutive temperature increases.

[0212] In some embodiments, the plurality of incremental temperature changes can comprise one or more consecutive temperature decreases. In some cases, the plurality incremental temperatures changes can comprise two or more consecutive temperature decreases. In some cases, the plurality incremental temperatures changes can comprise three or more consecutive temperature decreases. In some cases, the plurality of incremental temperature changes can comprise four or more consecutive temperature decreases. In some cases, the plurality incremental temperatures changes can comprise five or more consecutive temperature decreases.

[0213] In some embodiments, an incremental temperature change of the plurality of incremental temperature changes of the bed device can be at a steady temperature setting. In some cases, the steady temperature setting can be when the temperature of the bed device remains at the same degrees Celsius during the duration of the incremental temperature change of the bed device. In some embodiments, an incremental temperature change of the plurality of incremental temperature changes of the bed device can be at a varying temperature setting. In some cases, the varying temperature setting can be when the temperature of the bed device remains at a temperature within a range of temperatures during duration of the incremental temperature change of the bed device. In some examples, the average of temperatures that occurred during the varying temperature setting during the duration of the incremental temperature change of the bed device can be the temperature of the bed device during the steady temperature setting of the incremental temperature change. In some cases, the average of the temperatures that occurred during the varying temperaturesetting during the duration of the incremental temperature change of the bed device can be referred to as the average temperature. In some embodiments, the range of temperatures during the duration of the incremental temperature change of the bed device can be at least or up to about 10°C lower than the set temperature of the incremental temperature change. In some cases, the range of temperature during the duration of the incremental temperature change of the bed device can be at least or up to about 0°C, at least or up to about 0.5°C, at least or up to about 1°C, at least or up to about 1.5°C, at least or up to about 2°C, at least or up to about 2.5°C, at least or up to about 3°C, at least or up to about 3.5°C, at least or up to about 4°C, at least or up to about 4.5°C, at least or up to about 5°C, at least or up to about 5.5°C, at least or up to about 6°C, at least or up to about 6.5°C, at least or up to about 7°C, at least or up to about 7.5°C, at least or up to about 8°C, at least or up to about 8.5°C, at least or up to about 9°C, at least or up to about 9.5°C, or at least or up to about 10° lower than the set temperature of the incremental temperature change. In some embodiments, the range of temperatures during the duration of the incremental temperature change of the bed device can be at least or up to about 10°C higher than the set temperature of the incremental temperature change. . In some cases, the range of temperature during the duration of the incremental temperature change of the bed device can be at least or up to about 0°C, at least or up to about 0.5°C, at least or up to about 1°C, at least or up to about 1.5°C, at least or up to about 2°C, at least or up to about 2.5°C, at least or up to about 3°C, at least or up to about 3.5°C, at least or up to about 4°C, at least or up to about 4.5°C, at least or up to about 5°C, at least or up to about 5.5°C, at least or up to about 6°C, at least or up to about 6.5°C, at least or up to about 7°C, at least or up to about 7.5°C, at least or up to about 8°C, at least or up to about 8.5°C, at least or up to about 9°C, at least or up to about 9.5°C, or at least or up to about 10° higher than the set temperature of the incremental temperature change.

[0214] The number of the incremental changes (e.g., increase) between two temperature settings (e.g., two adjacent temperature settings) can be at least or up to about 1, at least or up to about 2, at least or up to about 3, at least or up to about 4, at least or up to about 5, at least or up to about 6, at least or up to about 7, at least or up to about 8, at least or up to about 9, at least or up to about 10, at least or up to about 11, at least or up to about 12, at least or up to about 13, at least or up to about 14, at least or up to about 15, at least or up to about 16, at least or up to about 17, at least or up to about 18, at least or up to about 19, at least or up to about 20, at least or up to about 21, at least or up to about 22, at least or up to about 23, at least or up to about 24, at least or up to about 25, at least or up to about 26, at least or up toabout 27, at least or up to about 28, at least or up to about 29, at least or up to about 30, at least or up to about 31, at least or up to about 32, at least or up to about 33, at least or up to about 34, at least or up to about 35, at least or up to about 36, at least or up to about 37, at least or up to about 38, at least or up to about 39, at least or up to about 40, at least or up to about 41, at least or up to about 42, at least or up to about 43, at least or up to about 44, at least or up to about 45, at least or up to about 46, at least or up to about 47, at least or up to about 48, at least or up to about 49, at least or up to about 50, at least or up to about 51 , at least or up to about 52, at least or up to about 53, at least or up to about 54, at least or up to about 55, at least or up to about 56, at least or up to about 57, at least or up to about 58, at least or up to about 59, at least or up to about 60, at least or up to about 61, at least or up to about 62, at least or up to about 63, at least or up to about 64, at least or up to about 65, at least or up to about 66, at least or up to about 67, at least or up to about 68, at least or up to about 69, at least or up to about 70, at least or up to about 71, at least or up to about 72, at least or up to about 73, at least or up to about 74, at least or up to about 75, at least or up to about 76, at least or up to about 77, at least or up to about 78, at least or up to about 79, at least or up to about 80, at least or up to about 81, at least or up to about 82, at least or up to about 83, at least or up to about 84, at least or up to about 85, at least or up to about 86, at least or up to about 87, at least or up to about 88, at least or up to about 89, at least or up to about 90, at least or up to about 91, at least or up to about 92, at least or up to about 93, at least or up to about 94, at least or up to about 95, at least or up to about 96, at least or up to about 97, at least or up to about 98, at least or up to about 99, or at least or up to about 100.

[0215] The length of time between two adjacent incremental changes can be between about 0 minutes to about 30 minutes. The length of time between two adjacent increment changes can at least or up to about 0 seconds, at least or up to about 1 second, at least or up to about 2 seconds, at least or up to about 3 seconds, at least or up to about 3 seconds, at least or up to about 4 seconds, at least or up to about 5 seconds, at least or up to about 6 seconds, at least or up to about 7 seconds, at least or up to about 8 seconds, at least or up to about 9 seconds, at least or up to about 10 seconds, at least or up to about 11 seconds, at least or up to about 12 seconds, at least or up to about 13 seconds, at least or up to about 14 seconds, at least or up to about 15 seconds, at least or up to about 16 seconds, at least or up to about 17 seconds, at least or up to about 18 seconds, at least or up to about 19 seconds, at least or up to about 20 seconds, at least or up to about 21 seconds, at least or up to about 22 seconds, at least or up to about 23 seconds, at least or up to about 24 seconds, at least or up to about 25 seconds, atleast or up to about 26 seconds, at least or up to about 27 seconds, at least or up to about 28 seconds, at least or up to about 29 seconds, at least or up to about 30 seconds, at least or up to about 31 seconds, at least or up to about 32 seconds, at least or up to about 33 seconds, at least or up to about 34 seconds, at least or up to about 35 seconds, at least or up to about 36 seconds, at least or up to about 37 seconds, at least or up to about 38 seconds, at least or up to about 39 seconds, at least or up to about 40 seconds, at least or up to about 41 seconds, at least or up to about 42 seconds, at least or up to about 43 seconds, at least or up to about 44 seconds, at least or up to about 45 seconds, at least or up to about 46 seconds, at least or up to about 47 seconds, at least or up to about 48 seconds, at least or up to about 49 seconds, at least or up to about 50 seconds, at least or up to about 51 seconds, at least or up to about 52 seconds, at least or up to about 53 seconds, at least or up to about 54 seconds, at least or up to about 55 seconds, at least or up to about 56 seconds, at least or up to about 57 seconds, at least or up to about 58 seconds, at least or up to about 59 seconds, at least or up to about 60 seconds, at least or up to about 61 seconds, at least or up to about 62 seconds, at least or up to about 63 seconds, at least or up to about 64 seconds, at least or up to about 65 seconds, at least or up to about 66 seconds, at least or up to about 67 seconds, at least or up to about 68 seconds, at least or up to about 69 seconds, at least or up to about 70 seconds, at least or up to about 71 seconds, at least or up to about 72 seconds, at least or up to about 73 seconds, at least or up to about 74 seconds, at least or up to about 75 seconds, at least or up to about 76 seconds, at least or up to about 77 seconds, at least or up to about 78 seconds, at least or up to about 79 seconds, at least or up to about 80 seconds, at least or up to about 81 seconds, at least or up to about 82 seconds, at least or up to about 83 seconds, at least or up to about 84 seconds, at least or up to about 85 seconds, at least or up to about 86 seconds, at least or up to about 87 seconds, at least or up to about 88 seconds, at least or up to about 89 seconds, at least or up to about 90 seconds, at least or up to about 91 seconds, at least or up to about 92 seconds, at least or up to about 93 seconds, at least or up to about 94 seconds, at least or up to about 95 seconds, at least or up to about 96 seconds, at least or up to about 97 seconds, at least or up to about 98 seconds, at least or up to about 99 seconds, at least or up to about 100 seconds, at least or up to about 101 seconds, at least or up to about 102 seconds, at least or up to about 103 seconds, at least or up to about 104 seconds, at least or up to about 105 seconds, at least or up to about 106 seconds, at least or up to about 107 seconds, at least or up to about 108 seconds, at least or up to about 109 seconds, at least or up to about 110 seconds, at least or up to about 111 seconds, at least or up to about 112 seconds, at least or up to about 113seconds, at least or up to about 114 seconds, at least or up to about 115 seconds, at least or up to about 116 seconds, at least or up to about 117 seconds, at least or up to about 118 seconds, at least or up to about 119 seconds, at least or up to about 2 minutes, at least or up to about 3 minutes, at least or up to about 4 minutes, at least or up to about 5 minutes, at least or up to about 6 minutes, at least or up to about minutes, at least or up to about 7 minutes, at least or up to about 8 minutes, at least or up to about 9 minutes, at least or up to about 10 minutes, at least or up to about 11 minutes, at least or up to about 12 minutes, at least or up to about 13 minutes, at least or up to about 14 minutes, at least or up to about 15 minutes, at least or up to about 16 minutes, at least or up to about 17 minutes, at least or up to about 18 minutes, at least or up to about 19 minutes, at least or up to about 20 minutes, at least or up to about 21 minutes, at least or up to about 22 minutes, at least or up to about 23 minutes, at least or up to about 24 minutes, at least or up to about 25 minutes, at least or up to about 26 minutes, at least or up to about 27 minutes, at least or up to about 28 minutes, at least or up to about 29 minutes, or at least or up to about 30 minutes.

[0216] The number of the incremental changes (e.g., decrease) between bedtime temperature and initial temperature can be at least or up to about 1, at least or up to about 2, at least or up to about 3, at least or up to about 4, at least or up to about 5, at least or up to about 6, at least or up to about 7, at least or up to about 8, at least or up to about 9, at least or up to about 10, at least or up to about 11, at least or up to about 12, at least or up to about 13, at least or up to about 14, at least or up to about 15, at least or up to about 16, at least or up to about 17, at least or up to about 18, at least or up to about 19, at least or up to about 20, at least or up to about 21, at least or up to about 22, at least or up to about 23, at least or up to about 24, at least or up to about 25, at least or up to about 26, at least or up to about 27, at least or up to about 28, at least or up to about 29, at least or up to about 30, at least or up to about 31, at least or up to about 32, at least or up to about 33, at least or up to about 34, at least or up to about 35, at least or up to about 36, at least or up to about 37, at least or up to about 38, at least or up to about 39, at least or up to about 40, at least or up to about 41, at least or up to about 42, at least or up to about 43, at least or up to about 44, at least or up to about 45, at least or up to about 46, at least or up to about 47, at least or up to about 48, at least or up to about 49, at least or up to about 50, at least or up to about 51, at least or up to about 52, at least or up to about 53, at least or up to about 54, at least or up to about 55, at least or up to about 56, at least or up to about 57, at least or up to about 58, at least or up to about 59, at least or up to about 60, at least or up to about 61, at least or up to about 62, at least or up toabout 63, at least or up to about 64, at least or up to about 65, at least or up to about 66, at least or up to about 67, at least or up to about 68, at least or up to about 69, at least or up to about 70, at least or up to about 71, at least or up to about 72, at least or up to about 73, at least or up to about 74, at least or up to about 75, at least or up to about 76, at least or up to about 77, at least or up to about 78, at least or up to about 79, at least or up to about 80, at least or up to about 81, at least or up to about 82, at least or up to about 83, at least or up to about 84, at least or up to about 85, at least or up to about 86, at least or up to about 87, at least or up to about 88, at least or up to about 89, at least or up to about 90, at least or up to about 91, at least or up to about 92, at least or up to about 93, at least or up to about 94, at least or up to about 95, at least or up to about 96, at least or up to about 97, at least or up to about 98, at least or up to about 99, or at least or up to about 100.

[0217] The number of the incremental changes (e.g., increase) between the initial temperature and the final temperature can be at least or up to about 1, at least or up to about 2, at least or up to about 3, at least or up to about 4, at least or up to about 5, at least or up to about 6, at least or up to about 7, at least or up to about 8, at least or up to about 9, at least or up to about 10, at least or up to about 11, at least or up to about 12, at least or up to about 13, at least or up to about 14, at least or up to about 15, at least or up to about 16, at least or up to about 17, at least or up to about 18, at least or up to about 19, at least or up to about 20, at least or up to about 21, at least or up to about 22, at least or up to about 23, at least or up to about 24, at least or up to about 25, at least or up to about 26, at least or up to about 27, at least or up to about 28, at least or up to about 29, at least or up to about 30, at least or up to about 31, at least or up to about 32, at least or up to about 33, at least or up to about 34, at least or up to about 35, at least or up to about 36, at least or up to about 37, at least or up to about 38, at least or up to about 39, at least or up to about 40, at least or up to about 41, at least or up to about 42, at least or up to about 43, at least or up to about 44, at least or up to about 45, at least or up to about 46, at least or up to about 47, at least or up to about 48, at least or up to about 49, at least or up to about 50, at least or up to about 51, at least or up to about 52, at least or up to about 53, at least or up to about 54, at least or up to about 55, at least or up to about 56, at least or up to about 57, at least or up to about 58, at least or up to about 59, at least or up to about 60, at least or up to about 61, at least or up to about 62, at least or up to about 63, at least or up to about 64, at least or up to about 65, at least or up to about 66, at least or up to about 67, at least or up to about 68, at least or up to about 69, at least or up to about 70, at least or up to about 71, at least or up to about 72, at least or up toabout 73, at least or up to about 74, at least or up to about 75, at least or up to about 76, at least or up to about 77, at least or up to about 78, at least or up to about 79, at least or up to about 80, at least or up to about 81, at least or up to about 82, at least or up to about 83, at least or up to about 84, at least or up to about 85, at least or up to about 86, at least or up to about 87, at least or up to about 88, at least or up to about 89, at least or up to about 90, at least or up to about 91, at least or up to about 92, at least or up to about 93, at least or up to about 94, at least or up to about 95, at least or up to about 96, at least or up to about 97, at least or up to about 98, at least or up to about 99, or at least or up to about 100.

[0218] The number of the incremental changes (e.g., increase or decrease) between the final temperature and the wakeup temperature can be at least or up to about 1, at least or up to about 2, at least or up to about 3, at least or up to about 4, at least or up to about 5, at least or up to about 6, at least or up to about 7, at least or up to about 8, at least or up to about 9, at least or up to about 10, at least or up to about 11, at least or up to about 12, at least or up to about 13, at least or up to about 14, at least or up to about 15, at least or up to about 16, at least or up to about 17, at least or up to about 18, at least or up to about 19, at least or up to about 20, at least or up to about 21, at least or up to about 22, at least or up to about 23, at least or up to about 24, at least or up to about 25, at least or up to about 26, at least or up to about 27, at least or up to about 28, at least or up to about 29, at least or up to about 30, at least or up to about 31, at least or up to about 32, at least or up to about 33, at least or up to about 34, at least or up to about 35, at least or up to about 36, at least or up to about 37, at least or up to about 38, at least or up to about 39, at least or up to about 40, at least or up to about 41, at least or up to about 42, at least or up to about 43, at least or up to about 44, at least or up to about 45, at least or up to about 46, at least or up to about 47, at least or up to about 48, at least or up to about 49, at least or up to about 50, at least or up to about 51 , at least or up to about 52, at least or up to about 53, at least or up to about 54, at least or up to about 55, at least or up to about 56, at least or up to about 57, at least or up to about 58, at least or up to about 59, at least or up to about 60, at least or up to about 61, at least or up to about 62, at least or up to about 63, at least or up to about 64, at least or up to about 65, at least or up to about 66, at least or up to about 67, at least or up to about 68, at least or up to about 69, at least or up to about 70, at least or up to about 71, at least or up to about 72, at least or up to about 73, at least or up to about 74, at least or up to about 75, at least or up to about 76, at least or up to about 77, at least or up to about 78, at least or up to about 79, at least or up to about 80, at least or up to about 81, at least or up to about 82, at least or up toabout 83, at least or up to about 84, at least or up to about 85, at least or up to about 86, at least or up to about 87, at least or up to about 88, at least or up to about 89, at least or up to about 90, at least or up to about 91, at least or up to about 92, at least or up to about 93, at least or up to about 94, at least or up to about 95, at least or up to about 96, at least or up to about 97, at least or up to about 98, at least or up to about 99, or at least or up to about 100.

[0219] In some embodiments, the temperature of the bed device changes (e.g., increases) periodically, e.g., between every about 70 minutes to every about 120 minutes. A duration of time between two adjacent periodic changes of the temperature of the bed device can be at least or up to about 1 minute, at least or up to about 2 minutes, at least or up to about 3 minutes, at least or up to about 4 minutes, at least or up to about 5 minutes, at least or up to about 6 minutes, at least or up to about 7 minutes, at least or up to about 8 minutes, at least or up to about 9 minutes, at least or about to about 10 minutes, at least or up to about 15 minutes, at least or up to about 20 minutes, at least or up to about 25 minutes, at least or up to about 30 minutes, at least or up to about 35 minutes, at least or up to about 40 minutes, at least or up to about 45 minutes, at least or up to about 50 minutes, at least or up to about 55 minutes, at least or up to about 60 minutes, at least or up to about 65 minutes, at least or up to about 70 minutes, at least or up to about 75 minutes, at least or up to about 80 minutes, at least or up to about 85 minutes, at least or up to about 90 minutes, at least or up to about 95 minutes, at least or up to about 100 minutes, at least or up to about 105 minutes, at least or up to about 110 minutes, at least or up to about 115 minutes, at least or up to about 120 minutes, at least or up to about 125 minutes, at least or up to about 130 minutes, at least or up to about 135 minutes, at least or up to about 140 minutes, at least or up to about 145 minutes, or at least or up to about 150 minutes. In some embodiments, the temperature of the bed device changes (e.g., increases) about every 5 minutes, about every 10 minutes, about every 20 minutes, about every 30 minutes, about every 40 minutes, about every 50 minutes, about every 60 minutes, about every 70 minutes, about every 75 minutes, about every 80 minutes, about every 85 minutes, about every 90 minutes, about every 95 minutes, about every 100 minutes, about every 110 minutes, about every 115 minutes, or about every 120 minutes. In some embodiments, the temperature of the bed device changes (e.g., increases) about every 90 minutes.

[0220] In some embodiments, a difference in temperature (or the temperature change) between the two adjacent periodic changes can be at least or up to about 0.1°C, at least or up to about 0.2°C, at least or up to about 0.3°C, at least or up to about 0.4°C, at least or up toabout 0.5°C, at least or up to about 0.6°C, at least or up to about 0.7°C, at least or up to about 0.8°C, at least or up to about 0.9°C, at least or up to about 1°C, at least or up to about 1.1°C, at least or up to about 1 ,2°C, at least or up to about 1 ,3°C, at least or up to about 1 ,4°C, at least or up to about 1.5°C, at least or up to about 1.6°C, at least or up to about 1.7°C, at least or up to about 1 ,8°C, at least or up to about 1.9°C, at least or up to about 2°C, at least or up to about 2.1°C, at least or up to about 2.2°C, at least or up to about 2.3°C, at least or up to about 2.4°C, at least or up to about 2.5°C, at least or up to about 2.6°C, at least or up to about 2.7°C, at least or up to about 2.8°C, at least or up to about 2.9°C, at least or up to about 3°C, at least or up to about 3.1 °C, at least or up to about 3 ,2°C, at least or up to about 3.3. °C, at least or up to about 3.4°C, at least or up to about 3.5°C, at least or up to about 3.6°C, at least or up to about ,7°C, at least or up to about 3.8°C, at least or up to about ,9°C, at least or up to about 4°C, at least or up to about 4.5°C, at least or up to about 5°C, at least or up to about5.1°C, at least or up to about 5.2°C, at least or up to about 5.3°C, at least or up to about5.4°C, at least or up to about 5.5°C, at least or up to about 5.6°C, at least or up to about5.7°C, at least or up to about 5.8°C, at least or up to about 5.9°C, at least or up to about 6°C, at least or up to about 6.1 °C, at least or up to about 6.2°C, at least or up to about 6.3°C, at least or up to about 6.4°C, at least or up to about 6.5°C, at least or up to about 6.6°C, at least or up to about 6.7°C, at least or up to about 6.8°C, at least or up to about 6.9°C, at least or up to about 7°C, at least or up to about 7.1°C, at least or up to about 7.2°C, at least or up to about 7.3°C, at least or up to about 7.4°C, at least or up to about 7.5°C, at least or up to about 7.6°C, at least or up to about 7.7°C, at least or up to about 7.8°C, at least or up to about 7.9°C, at least or up to about 8°C, at least or up to about 8.1°C, at least or up to about 8.2°C, at least or up to about 8.3°C, at least or up to about 8.4°C, at least or up to about 8.5°C, at least or up to about 8.6°C, at least or up to about 8.7°C, at least or up to about 8.8°C, at least or up to about 8.9°C, at least or up to about 9°C, at least or up to about 9.1°C, at least or up to about 9.2°C, at least or up to about 9.3°C, at least or up to about 9.4°C, at least or up to about 9.5°C, at least or up to about 9.6°C, at least or up to about 9.7°C, at least or up to about 9.8°C, at least or up to about 9.9°C, or at least or up to about 10°C.

[0221] In some embodiments, the plurality of incremental changes can comprise two or more incremental changes. The durations of time between the plurality of incremental changes can be substantially the same or different. The temperature changes of the two or more incremental changes can be substantially the same or different.

[0222] In some embodiments, a temperature of the article of furniture (e.g., the bed device)between the plurality of incremental changes may remain substantially constant. In some embodiments, the substantial constant temperature is maintained for between about 0 minutes to about 240 minutes. In some embodiments, the substantial constant temperature is maintained for at least or up to about 0 minutes, at least or up to about 5 minutes, at least or up to about 10 minutes, at least or up to about 15 minutes, at least or up to about 20 minutes, at least or up to about 25 minutes, at least or up to about 30 minutes, at least or up to about 35 minutes, at least or up to about 40 minutes, at least or up to about 45 minutes, at least or up to about 50 minutes, at least or up to about 55 minutes, at least or up to about 60 minutes, at least or up to about 65 minutes, at least or up to about 70 minutes, at least or up to about 75 minutes, at least or up to about 80 minutes, at least or up to about 85 minutes, at least or up to about 90 minutes, at least or up to about 95 minutes, at least or up to about 100 minutes, at least or up to about 110 minutes, at least or up to about 120 minutes, at least or up to about 130 minutes, at least or up to about 140 minutes, at least or up to about 150 minutes, at least or up to about 160 minutes, at least or up to about 170 minutes, at least or up to about 180 minutes, at least or up to about 190 minutes, at least or up to about 200 minutes, at least or up to about 210 minutes, at least or up to about 220 minutes, at least or up to about 230 minutes, or at least or up to about 240 minutes.

[0223] In some embodiments, any change in temperature of the article of furniture as provided herein (e.g., as directed by the temperature regulator) can be at a rate of at least or up to about 0.01°C per minute (°C / min), at least or up to about 0.02°C / min, at least or up to about 0.03°C / min, at least or up to about 0.04°C / min, at least or up to about 0.05°C / min, at least or up to about 0.06°C / min, at least or up to about 0.07°C / min, at least or up to about 0.08°C / min, at least or up to about 0.09°C / min, at least or up to about 0. l°C / min, at least or up to about 0.2°C / min, at least or up to about 0.3°C / min, at least or up to about 0.4°C / min, at least or up to about 0.5°C / min, at least or up to about 0.6°C / min, at least or up to about 0.7°C / min, at least or up to about 0.8°C / min, at least or up to about 0.9°C / min, at least or up to about l°C / min, at least or up to about l.l°C / min, at least or up to about 1.2°C / min, at least or up to about 1.3°C / min, at least or up to about 1.4°C / min, at least or up to about 1.5°C / min, at least or up to about 1 ,6°C / min, at least or up to about 1 ,7°C / min, at least or up to about 1.8°C / min, at least or up to about 1.9°C / min, at least or up to about 2°C / min, at least or up to about 2.5°C / min, at least or up to about 3°C / min, at least or up to about 4°C / min, or at least or up to about 5°C / min.

[0224] In some embodiments, the plurality of incremental changes can start after a user’sbedtime, e.g., within at least or up to about 1 minute, within at least or up to about 2 minutes, within at least or up to about 3 minutes, within at least or up to about 4 minutes, within at least or up to about 5 minutes, within at least or up to about 6 minutes, within at least or up to about 7 minutes, within at least or up to about 8 minutes, within at least or up to about 9 minutes, within at least or up to about 10 minutes, within at least or up to about 15 minutes, within at least or up to about 20 minutes, within at least or up to about 25 minutes, within at least or up to about 30 minutes, within at least or up to about 35 minutes, within at least or up to about 40 minutes, within at least or up to about 45 minutes, within at least or up to about 50 minutes, within at least or up to about 55 minutes, within at least or up to about 60 minutes of the bedtime.

[0225] The bedtime as provided herein can be when the user starts using the article of furniture (e.g., gets on the article of furniture) or when the user is expected to use the article of furniture (e.g., based on an average value of previous uses, or a predetermined time provided by the user via the GUI).

[0226] One or more conditions of the plurality of incremental changes (e.g., the number of the plurality of incremental changes, the duration of time between two adjacent periodic changes of the plurality of incremental changes, the temperature change between the two adjacent periodic changes, the rate of the temperature change, the time of implementing the plurality of incremental changes, etc.) can be determined prior to use of the article of furniture by the user, or during use of the article of furniture by the user (e.g., based on biological sensing data generated during the use by the user). In some embodiments, a characteristic of the plurality of incremental temperature changes is different for different users, wherein the characteristic comprises (i) a number of incremental changes, (ii) a target temperature of the article of furniture, or (iii) a duration thereof between two adjacent incremental changes. Alternatively or in addition to, such one or more conditions of the plurality of incremental changes can be changed in accordance with any of the methods provided herein.

[0227] In some embodiments, the bed device can be adjusted to a plurality of target temperatures. In some cases, the plurality of target temperatures can comprise between about one target temperature to about 100 target temperatures. In some cases, the plurality of target temperatures can comprise between about one target temperature to about ten target temperatures, between about ten target temperatures to about 20 target temperatures, between about 20 target temperatures to about 30 target temperatures, between about 30 targettemperatures to about 40 target temperatures, between about 40 target temperatures to about 50 target temperatures, between about 50 target temperatures to about 60 target temperatures, between about 60 target temperatures to about 70 target temperatures, between about 70 target temperatures to about 80 target temperatures, between about 80 target temperatures to about 90 target temperatures, or between about 90 target temperatures to about 100 target temperatures. In some cases, the plurality of temperatures can comprise at least about one target temperature, at least about two target temperatures, at least about three target temperatures, at least about four target temperatures, at least about five target temperatures, at least about six target temperatures, at least about seven target temperatures, at least about eight target temperatures, at least about nine target temperatures, at least about ten target temperatures, at least about 11 target temperatures, at least about 12 target temperatures, at least about 13 target temperatures, at least about 14 target temperatures, at least about 15 target temperatures, at least about 16 target temperatures, at least about 17 target temperatures, at least about 18 target temperatures, at least about 19 target temperatures, at least about 20 target temperatures, at least about 21 target temperatures, at least about 22 target temperatures, at least about 23 target temperatures, at least about 24 target temperatures, at least about 25 target temperatures, at least about 26 target temperatures, at least about 27 target temperatures, at least about 28 target temperatures, at least about 29 target temperatures, at least about 30 target temperatures, at least about 31 target temperatures, at least about 32 target temperatures, at least about 33 target temperatures, at least about 34 target temperatures, at least about 35 target temperatures, at least about 36 target temperatures, at least about 37 target temperatures, at least about 38 target temperatures, at least about 39 target temperatures, at least about 40 target temperatures, at least about 41 target temperatures, at least about 42 target temperatures, at least about 43 target temperatures, at least about 44 target temperatures, at least about 45 target temperatures, at least about 46 target temperatures, at least about 47 target temperatures, at least about 48 target temperatures, at least about 49 target temperatures, at least about 50 target temperatures, at least about 51 target temperatures, at least about 52 target temperatures, at least about 53 target temperatures, at least about 54 target temperatures, at least about 55 target temperatures, at least about 56 target temperatures, at least about 57 target temperatures, at least about 58 target temperatures, at least about 59 target temperatures, at least about 60 target temperatures, at least about 61 target temperatures, at least about 62 target temperatures, at least about 63 target temperatures, at least about 64target temperatures, at least about 65 target temperatures, at least about 66 target temperatures, at least about 67 target temperatures, at least about 68 target temperatures, at least about 69 target temperatures, at least about 70 target temperatures, at least about 71 target temperatures, at least about 72 target temperatures, at least about 73 target temperatures, at least about 74 target temperatures, at least about 75 target temperatures, at least about 76 target temperatures, at least about 77 target temperatures, at least about 78 target temperatures, at least about 79 target temperatures, at least about 80 target temperatures, at least about 81 target temperatures, at least about 82 target temperatures, at least about 83 target temperatures, at least about 84 target temperatures, at least about 85 target temperatures, at least about 86 target temperatures, at least about 87 target temperatures, at least about 88 target temperatures, at least about 89 target temperatures, at least about 90 target temperatures, at least about 91 target temperatures, at least about 92 target temperatures, at least about 93 target temperatures, at least about 94 target temperatures, at least about 95 target temperatures, at least about 96 target temperatures, at least about 97 target temperatures, at least about 98 target temperatures, at least about 99 target temperatures, at least about 100 target temperatures, or more than 100 target temperatures. In some cases, the plurality of target temperatures can comprise at most about 100 target temperatures, at most about 99 target temperatures, at most about 98 target temperatures, at most about 97 target temperatures, at most about 96 target temperatures, at most about 95 target temperatures, at most about 94 target temperatures, at most about 93 target temperatures, at most about 92 target temperatures, at most about 91 target temperatures, at most about 90 target temperatures, at most about 89 target temperatures, at most about 88 target temperatures, at most about 87 target temperatures, at most about 86 target temperatures, at most about 85 target temperatures, at most about 84 target temperatures, at most about 83 target temperatures, at most about 82 target temperatures, at most about 81 target temperatures, at most about 80 target temperatures, at most about 79 target temperatures, at most about 78 target temperatures, at most about 77 target temperatures, at most about 76 target temperatures, at most about 75 target temperatures, at most about 74 target temperatures, at most about 73 target temperatures, at most about 72 target temperatures, at most about 71 target temperatures, at most about 70 target temperatures, at most about 69 target temperatures, at most about 68 target temperatures, at most about 67 target temperatures, at most about 66 target temperatures, at most about 65 target temperatures, at most about 64 target temperatures, at most about 63 targettemperatures, at most about 62 target temperatures, at most about 61 target temperatures, at most about 60 target temperatures, at most about 59 target temperatures, at most about 58 target temperatures, at most about 57 target temperatures, at most about 56 target temperatures, at most about 55 target temperatures, at most about 54 target temperatures, at most about 53 target temperatures, at most about 52 target temperatures, at most about 51 target temperatures, at most about 50 target temperatures, at most about 49 target temperatures, at most about 48 target temperatures, at most about 47 target temperatures, at most about 46 target temperatures, at most about 45 target temperatures, at most about 44 target temperatures, at most about 43 target temperatures, at most about 42 target temperatures, at most about 41 target temperatures, at most about 40 target temperatures, at most about 39 target temperatures, at most about 38 target temperatures, at most about 37 target temperatures, at most about 36 target temperatures, at most about 35 target temperatures, at most about 34 target temperatures, at most about 33 target temperatures, at most about 32 target temperatures, at most about 31 target temperatures, at most about 30 target temperatures, at most about 29 target temperatures, at most about 28 target temperatures, at most about 27 target temperatures, at most about 26 target temperatures, at most about 25 target temperatures, at most about 24 target temperatures, at most about 23 target temperatures, at most about 22 target temperatures, at most about 21 target temperatures, at most about 20 target temperatures, at most about 19 target temperatures, at most about 18 target temperatures, at most about 17 target temperatures, at most about 16 target temperatures, at most about 15 target temperatures, at most about 14 target temperatures, at most about 13 target temperatures, at most about 12 target temperatures, at most about 11 target temperatures, at most about 10 target temperatures, at most about nine target temperatures, at most about eight target temperatures, at most about seven target temperatures, at most about six target temperatures, at most about five target temperatures, at most about four target temperatures, at most about three target temperatures, at most about two target temperatures, at most about one target temperature, or less than one target temperature. In some cases, the plurality of target temperatures can comprise about one target temperature, about two target temperatures, about three target temperatures, about four target temperatures, about five target temperatures, about six target temperatures, about seven target temperatures, about eight target temperatures, about nine target temperatures, about ten target temperatures, about 11 target temperatures, about 12 target temperatures, about 13 target temperatures, about 14 target temperatures, about 15 target temperatures, about 16 targettemperatures, about 17 target temperatures, about 18 target temperatures, about 19 target temperatures, about 20 target temperatures, about 21 target temperatures, about 22 target temperatures, about 23 target temperatures, about 24 target temperatures, about 25 target temperatures, about 26 target temperatures, about 27 target temperatures, about 28 target temperatures, about 29 target temperatures, about 30 target temperatures, about 31 target temperatures, about 32 target temperatures, about 33 target temperatures, about 34 target temperatures, about 35 target temperatures, about 36 target temperatures, about 37 target temperatures, about 38 target temperatures, about 39 target temperatures, about 40 target temperatures, about 41 target temperatures, about 42 target temperatures, about 43 target temperatures, about 44 target temperatures, about 45 target temperatures, about 46 target temperatures, about 47 target temperatures, about 48 target temperatures, about 49 target temperatures, about 50 target temperatures, about 51 target temperatures, about 52 target temperatures, about 53 target temperatures, about 54 target temperatures, about 55 target temperatures, about 56 target temperatures, about 57 target temperatures, about 58 target temperatures, about 59 target temperatures, about 60 target temperatures, about 61 target temperatures, about 62 target temperatures, about 63 target temperatures, about 64 target temperatures, about 65 target temperatures, about 66 target temperatures, about 67 target temperatures, about 68 target temperatures, about 69 target temperatures, about 70 target temperatures, about 71 target temperatures, about 72 target temperatures, about 73 target temperatures, about 74 target temperatures, about 75 target temperatures, about 76 target temperatures, about 77 target temperatures, about 78 target temperatures, about 79 target temperatures, about 80 target temperatures, about 81 target temperatures, about 82 target temperatures, about 83 target temperatures, about 84 target temperatures, about 85 target temperatures, about 86 target temperatures, about 87 target temperatures, about 88 target temperatures, about 89 target temperatures, about 90 target temperatures, about 91 target temperatures, about 92 target temperatures, about 93 target temperatures, about 94 target temperatures, about 95 target temperatures, about 96 target temperatures, about 97 target temperatures, about 98 target temperatures, about 99 target temperatures, or about 100 target temperatures.

[0228] In some embodiments, a portion of the plurality of target temperatures can be different from each other. In some cases, the portion can be between about 0% to 100% of the plurality of target temperatures can be different from each other. In some cases, between about 0% to about 10%, between about 10% to about 20%, between about 20% to about 30%,between about 30% to about 40%, between about 40% to about 50%, between about 50% to about 60%, between about 60% to about 70%, between about 70% to about 80%, between about 80% to about 90%, or between about 90% to about 100% of the plurality of target temperatures. In some cases, the portion can be at least about 0%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or at least about 100% of the plurality of target temperatures. In some cases, the portion can be at most about 100%, at most about 95%, at most about 90%, at most about 85%, at most about 80%, at most about 75%, at most about 70%, at most about 65%, at most about 60%, at most about 55%, at most about 50%, at most about 45%, at most about 40%, at most about 35%, at most about 30%, at most about 25%, at most about 20%, at most about 15%, at most about 10%, at most about 5%, or at most about 0% of the plurality of target temperatures. In some cases, the portion can be about 0%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, or about 100% of the plurality of target temperatures.

[0229] In some embodiments, a portion of the plurality of target temperature can be the same as each other. In some cases, the portion can be between about 0% to 100% of the plurality of target temperatures can be different from each other. In some cases, between about 0% to about 10%, between about 10% to about 20%, between about 20% to about 30%, between about 30% to about 40%, between about 40% to about 50%, between about 50% to about 60%, between about 60% to about 70%, between about 70% to about 80%, between about 80% to about 90%, or between about 90% to about 100% of the plurality of target temperatures. In some cases, the portion can be at least about 0%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or at least about 100% of the plurality of target temperatures. In some cases, the portion can be at most about 100%, at most about 95%, at most about 90%, at most about 85%, at most about 80%, at most about 75%, at most about 70%, at most about 65%, at most about 60%, at most about 55%, at mostabout 50%, at most about 45%, at most about 40%, at most about 35%, at most about 30%, at most about 25%, at most about 20%, at most about 15%, at most about 10%, at most about 5%, or at most about 0% of the plurality of target temperatures. In some cases, the portion can be about 0%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, or about 100% of the plurality of target temperatures.

[0230] In some embodiments, each incremental change (e.g., increase) in temperature is calculated by the following formula (I): previous temperature of the bed device + (the final temperature - the initial temperature) 4 (I)

[0231] In some embodiments, there are about four incremental temperature changes (e.g., increases) between the initial temperature of the bed device and the final temperature of the bed device.

[0232] In some embodiments, the bed device is at the initial temperature for between about 10 to about 130 minutes. In some embodiments, the bed device is at the initial temperature for at least or up to about 10 minutes, at least or up to about 15 minutes, at least or up to about 20 minutes, at least or up to about 25 minutes, at least or up to about 30 minutes, at least or up to about 35 minutes, at least or up to about 40 minutes, at least or up to about 45 minutes, at least or up to about 50 minutes, at least or up to about 55 minutes, at least or up to about 60 minutes, at least or up to about 65 minutes, at least or up to about 70 minutes, at least or up to about 75 minutes, at least or up to about 80 minutes, at least or up to about 85 minutes, at least or up to about 90 minutes, at least or up to about 95 minutes, at least or up to about 100 minutes, at least or up to about 110 minutes, at least or up to about 120 minutes, at least or up to about 125 minutes, or at least or up to about 130 minutes.

[0233] In some embodiments, the bed device is at the final temperature for between about 0 minutes to 6 hours. In some embodiments, the bed device is at the final temperature for at least or up to about 0 minutes, at least or up to about 5 minutes, at least or up to about 10 minutes, at least or up to about 15 minutes, at least or up to about 20 minutes, at least or up to about 25 minutes, at least or up to about 30 minutes, at least or up to about 35 minutes, at least or up to about 40 minutes, at least or up to about 45 minutes, at least or up to about 50 minutes, at least or up to about 55 minutes, at least or up to about 60 minutes, at least or up toabout 90 minutes, at least or up to about 2 hours, at least or up to about 3 hours, at least or up to about 4 hours, at least or up to about 5 hours, or at least or up to about 6 hours. In some embodiments, the bed device is at the final temperature for at least or up to about 2 hours. In some embodiments, the bed device is at the final temperature for at least or up to about 4 hours. In some embodiments, the bed device is at the final temperature for at least or up to about six hours.

[0234] In some embodiments, the subject selects a fourth temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the fourth temperature is a wake-up temperature. In some embodiments, the wake-up temperature occurs after the final temperature. In some embodiments, the wakeup temperature of the bed device causes the subject to awaken while on the bed device. In some embodiments, the wake-up temperature of the bed device is warmer than the final temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the wake-up temperature is cooler than the final temperature of the bed device. In some embodiments, the bed device is at the wakeup temperature for between about 5 minutes to about 60 minutes. In some embodiments, the bed device is at the wake-up temperature for at least or up to about 5 minutes, at least or up to about 10 minutes, at least or up to about 15 minutes, at least or up to about 20 minutes, at least or up to about 25 minutes, at least or up to about 30 minutes, at least or up to about 35 minutes, at least or up to about 40 minutes, at least or up to about 45 minutes, at least or up to about 50 minutes, at least or up to about 55 minutes, or at least or up to about 60 minutes.

[0235] In some embodiments, the subject sets the temperatures of the bed device. In some embodiments, the subject sets the temperatures of the bed device (e.g., bedtime temperature, initial temperature, final temperature, wake-up temperature) in an app. In some embodiments, the subject sets the temperatures of the bed device with a remote control. In some embodiments, the subject sets the temperatures of the bed device with physical buttons. In some embodiments, the physical buttons are located on the side of the bed device. In some embodiments, the physical buttons are located on a hub located next to the bed device. In some embodiments, the subject sets the temperature of the bed device by tapping the side of the bed device. In some embodiments, the subject sets the temperatures of the bed device with a voice command. In some embodiments, the voice command is received via Alexa. In some embodiments, the voice command is received via Google Home. In some embodiments, the bed device can be paired with a third party smart device. In some cases, the temperatures of the bed device can be controlled with the third party smart device. In some cases, the third party device can be a smart phone, a smart watch, Google House, Alexa, a tablet, a smartspeaker, or any combination thereof.

[0236] In some embodiments, the temperatures of the bed device correspond to dial values. In some embodiments, the dial values for the bed device temperatures are about -10 to about +10. In some embodiments, the temperature of the bed device is between about 12°C to about 43 °C. In some embodiments, the dial values for the bed device temperatures are at least or up to about -10, at least or up to about -9.5, at least or up to about -9, at least or up to about -8.5, at least or up to about -8, at least or up to about -7.5, at least or up to about -7, at least or up to about -6.5, at least or up to about -6, at least or up to about -5.5, at least or up to about -5, at least or up to about -4.5, at least or up to about -4, at least or up to about -3.5, at least or up to about -3, at least or up to about -2.5, at least or up to about -2, at least or up to about -1.5, at least or up to about -1, at least or up to about -0.5, at least or up to about 0, at least or up to about +0.5, at least or up to about +1, at least or up to about +1.5, at least or up to about +2, at least or up to about +2.5, at least or up to about +3, at least or up to about +3.5, at least or up to about +4, at least or up to about +4.5, at least or up to about +5, at least or up to about +5.5, at least or up to about +6, at least or up to about +6.5, at least or up to about +7, at least or up to about +7.5, at least or up to about +8, at least or up to about +8.5, at least or up to about +9, at least or up to about +9.5, and at least or up to about +10. In some embodiments, the -10 dial value corresponds to about 12°C. In some embodiments, the +10 dial value corresponds to about 43 °C.

[0237] In some embodiments, the dial value for the bedtime temperature of the bed device is between about -10 to about +10 In some embodiments, the dial value for the bedtime temperature of the bed device is at least or up to about -10, at least or up to about -9.5, at least or up to about -9, at least or up to about -8.5, at least or up to about -8, at least or up to about - 7.5, at least or up to about -7, at least or up to about -6.5, at least or up to about -6, at least or up to about -5.5, at least or up to about -5, at least or up to about -4.5, at least or up to about - 4, at least or up to about -3.5, at least or up to about -3, at least or up to about -2.5, at least or up to about -2, at least or up to about -1.5, at least or up to about -0.5, at least or up to about 0, at least or up to about +0.5, at least or up to about +1, at least or up to about +1.5, at least or up to about +2, at least or up to about +2.5, at least or up to about +3, at least or up to about +3.5, at least or up to about +4, at least or up to about +4.5, at least or up to about +5, at least or up to about +5.5, at least or up to about +6, at least or up to about +6.5, at least or up to about +7, at least or up to about +7.5, at least or up to about +8, at least or up to about +8.5, at least or up to about +9, at least or up to about +9.5, or at least or up to about +10. Insome embodiments, the dial value for the bedtime temperature of the bed device is about 0. In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature of the bed device is between about 12°C to about 43°C. In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature of the bed device is at least or up to about 12°C, at least or up to about 12.5°C, at least or up to about 13°C, at least or up to about 13.5°C, at least or up to about 14°C, at least or up to about 14.5°C, at least or up to about 15°C, at least or up to about 15.5°C, at least or up to about 16°C, at least or up to about 16.5°C, at least or up to about 17°C, at least or up to about 17.5°C, at least or up to about 18°C, at least or up to about 18.5°C, at least or up to about 19°C, at least or up to about 19.5°C, at least or up to about 20°C, at least or up to about 20.5°C, at least or up to about 21 °C, at least or up to about 21.5°C, at least or up to about 22°C, at least or up to about 22.5°C, at least or up to about 23°C, at least or up to about 23.5°C, at least or up to about 24°C, at least or up to about 24.5°C, at least or up to about 25°C, at least or up to about 25.5°C, at least or up to about 26°C, at least or up to about 26.5°C, at least or up to about 27°C, at least or up to about 27.5°C, at least or up to about 28°C, at least or up to about 28.5°C, at least or up to about 29°C, at least or up to about 29.5°C, at least or up to about 30°C, at least or up to about 30.5°C, at least or up to about 31°C, at least or up to about 31.5°C, at least or up to about 32°C, at least or up to about 32.5°C, at least or up to about 33°C, at least or up to about 33.5°C, at least or up to about 34°C, at least or up to about 34.5°C, at least or up to about 35°C, at least or up to about 35.5°C, at least or up to about 36°C, at least or up to about 36.5°C, at least or up to about 37°C, at least or up to about 37.5°C, at least or up to about 38°C, at least or up to about 38.5°C, at least or up to about 39°C, at least or up to about 39.5°C, at least or up to about 40°C, at least or up to about 40.5°C, at least or up to about 41°C, at least or up to about 41.5°C, at least or up to about 42°C, at least or up to about 42.5°C, or at least or up to about 43°C. In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature of the bed device is at least or up to about 28°C.

[0238] In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature of bed device can fluctuate over the duration the bed device is directed or programmed to be at the bedtime temperature (e.g., via the temperature control device as provided herein). In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature fluctuates so the subject does not feel cold. Subjects who are on a bed device that maintains the same temperature for more than about 3 hours may feel cold and wake up. In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature fluctuates between about 0°C to about 5°C. In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature fluctuates at least or up to about 0°C, at least or up to about 0.1°C, at least or up to about 0.2°C, at least or up to about 0.3 °C, at least or up toabout 0.4°C, at least or up to about 0.5°C, at least or up to about 0.6°C, at least or up to about 0.7°C, at least or up to about 0.8°C, at least or up to about 0.9°C, at least or up to about 1°C, at least or up to about 1.1 °C, at least or up to about 1 ,2°C, at least or up to about 1 ,3°C, at least or up to about 1.4°C, at least or up to about 1.5°C, at least or up to about 1.6°C, at least or up to about 1.7°C, at least or up to about 1 ,8°C, at least or up to about 1.9°C, at least or up to about 2°C, at least or up to about 2.1°C, at least or up to about 2.2°C, at least or up to about 2.3°C, at least or up to about 2.4°C, at least or up to about 2.5°C, at least or up to about 2.6°C, at least or up to about 2.7°C, at least or up to about 2.8°C, at least or up to about 2.9°C, at least or up to about 3°C, at least or up to about 3.1°C, at least or up to about 3.2°C, at least or up to about 3.3°C, at least or up to about 3.4°C, at least or up to about 3.5°C, at least or up to about 3.6°C, at least or up to about 3.7°C, at least or up to about 3.8°C, at least or up to about 3.9°C, at least or up to about 4°C, at least or up to about 4.1°C, at least or up to about 4.2°C, at least or up to about 4.3°C, at least or up to about 4.4°C, at least or up to about 4.5°C, at least or up to about 4.6°C, at least or up to about 4.7°C, at least or up to about 4.8°C, at least or up to about 4.9°C, or at least or up to about 5°C.

[0239] In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature of the bed device fluctuates between every about 0 to about 60 minutes. In some embodiments, the bedtime temperature of the bed device fluctuates every at least or up to about 0 minutes, at least or up to about 5 minutes, at least or up to about 10 minutes, at least or up to about 15 minutes, at least or up to about 20 minutes, at least or up to about 25 minutes, at least or up to about 30 minutes, at least or up to about 35 minutes, at least or up to about 40 minutes, at least or up to about 45 minutes, at least or up to about 50 minutes, at least or up to about 55 minutes, or at least or up to about 60 minutes.

[0240] In some embodiments, the dial value for the initial temperature of the bed device is between about -10 to about +10. In some embodiments, the dial value for the initial temperature of the bed device is at least or up to about -10, at least or up to about -9.5, at least or up to about -9, at least or up to about -8.5, at least or up to about -8, at least or up to about - 7.5, at least or up to about -7, at least or up to about -6.5, at least or up to about -6, at least or up to about -5.5, at least or up to about -5, at least or up to about -4.5, at least or up to about - 4, at least or up to about -3.5, at least or up to about -3, at least or up to about -2.5, at least or up to about -2, at least or up to about -1.5, at least or up to about -1, at least or up to about - 0.5, at least or up to about 0, at least or up to about +0.5, at least or up to about +1, at least or up to about +1.5, at least or up to about +2, at least or up to about +2.5, at least or up to about+3, at least or up to about +3.5, at least or up to about +4, at least or up to about +4.5, at least or up to about +5, at least or up to about +5.5, at least or up to about +6, at least or up to about +6.5, at least or up to about +7, at least or up to about +7.5, at least or up to about +8, at least or up to about +8.5, at least or up to about +9, at least or up to about +9.5, or at least or up to about +10. In some embodiments, the initial temperature of the bed device is between about 12°C to about 43°C. In some embodiments, the initial temperature of the bed device is at least or up to about 12°C, at least or up to about 12.5°C, at least or up to about 13°C, at least or up to about 13.5°C, at least or up to about 14°C, at least or up to about 14.5°C, at least or up to about 15°C, at least or up to about 15.5°C, at least or up to about 16°C, at least or up to about 16.5°C, at least or up to about 17°C, at least or up to about 17.5°C, at least or up to about 18°C, at least or up to about 18.5°C, at least or up to about 19°C, at least or up to about 19.5°C, at least or up to about 20°C, at least or up to about 20.5°C, at least or up to about 21°C, at least or up to about 21.5°C, at least or up to about 22°C, at least or up to about 22.5°C, at least or up to about 23°C, at least or up to about 23.5°C, at least or up to about 24°C, at least or up to about 24.5°C, at least or up to about 25°C, at least or up to about 25.5°C, at least or up to about 26°C, at least or up to about 26.5°C, at least or up to about 27°C, at least or up to about 27.5°C, at least or up to about 28°C, at least or up to about 28.5°C, at least or up to about 29°C, at least or up to about 29.5°C, at least or up to about 30°C, at least or up to about 30.5°C, at least or up to about 31°C, at least or up to about 31.5°C, at least or up to about 32°C, at least or up to about 32.5°C, at least or up to about 33°C, at least or up to about 33.5°C, at least or up to about 34°C, at least or up to about 34.5°C, at least or up to about 35°C, at least or up to about 35.5°C, at least or up to about 36°C, at least or up to about 36.5°C, at least or up to about 37°C, at least or up to about 37.5°C, at least or up to about 38°C, at least or up to about 38.5°C, at least or up to about 39°C, at least or up to about 39.5°C, at least or up to about 40°C, at least or up to about 40.5°C, at least or up to about 41 °C, at least or up to about 41 ,5°C, at least or up to about 42°C, at least or up to about 42.5°C, or at least or up to about 43°C.

[0241] In some embodiments, the initial temperature of bed device can fluctuate over the duration the bed device is directed or programmed to be at the initial temperature (e.g., via the temperature control device as provided herein). In some embodiments, the initial temperature fluctuates so the subject does not feel cold. Subjects who are on a bed device that maintains the same temperature for more than about 3 hours may feel cold and wake up. Insome embodiments, the initial temperature fluctuates between about 0°C to about 5°C. In some embodiments, the initial temperature fluctuates at least or up to about 0°C, at least or up to about 0.1°C, at least or up to about 0.2°C, at least or up to about 0.3°C, at least or up to about 0.4°C, at least or up to about 0.5°C, at least or up to about 0.6°C, at least or up to about 0.7°C, at least or up to about 0.8°C, at least or up to about 0.9°C, at least or up to about 1°C, at least or up to about 1.1 °C, at least or up to about 1 ,2°C, at least or up to about 1 ,3°C, at least or up to about 1.4°C, at least or up to about 1.5°C, at least or up to about 1.6°C, at least or up to about 1.7°C, at least or up to about 1 ,8°C, at least or up to about 1.9°C, at least or up to about 2°C, at least or up to about 2.1°C, at least or up to about 2.2°C, at least or up to about 2.3°C, at least or up to about 2.4°C, at least or up to about 2.5°C, at least or up to about 2.6°C, at least or up to about 2.7°C, at least or up to about 2.8°C, at least or up to about 2.9°C, at least or up to about 3°C, at least or up to about 3.1°C, at least or up to about 3.2°C, at least or up to about 3.3°C, at least or up to about 3.4°C, at least or up to about 3.5°C, at least or up to about 3.6°C, at least or up to about 3.7°C, at least or up to about 3.8°C, at least or up to about 3.9°C, at least or up to about 4°C, at least or up to about 4.1°C, at least or up to about 4.2°C, at least or up to about 4.3°C, at least or up to about 4.4°C, at least or up to about 4.5°C, at least or up to about 4.6°C, at least or up to about 4.7°C, at least or up to about 4.8°C, at least or up to about 4.9°C, or at least or up to about 5°C.

[0242] In some embodiments, the initial temperature of the bed device fluctuates between every about 0 to about 60 minutes. In some embodiments, the initial temperature of the bed device fluctuates every at least or up to about 0 minutes, at least or up to about 5 minutes, at least or up to about 10 minutes, at least or up to about 15 minutes, at least or up to about 20 minutes, at least or up to about 25 minutes, at least or up to about 30 minutes, at least or up to about 35 minutes, at least or up to about 40 minutes, at least or up to about 45 minutes, at least or up to about 50 minutes, at least or up to about 55 minutes, or at least or up to about 60 minutes.

[0243] In some embodiments, the dial value for the final temperature of the bed device is between about -10 to about +10. In some embodiments, the dial value for the final temperature of the bed device is at least or up to about -10, at least or up to about -9.5, at least or up to about -9, at least or up to about -8.5, at least or up to about -8, at least or up to about - 7.5, at least or up to about -7, at least or up to about -6.5, at least or up to about -6, at least or up to about -5.5, at least or up to about -5, at least or up to about -4.5, at least or up to about - 4, at least or up to about -3.5, at least or up to about -3, at least or up to about -2.5, at least orup to about -2, at least or up to about -1.5, at least or up to about -1, at least or up to about - 0.5, at least or up to about 0, at least or up to about +0.5, at least or up to about +1, at least or up to about +1.5, at least or up to about +2, at least or up to about +2.5, at least or up to about +3, at least or up to about +3.5, at least or up to about +4, at least or up to about +4.5, at least or up to about +5, at least or up to about +5.5, at least or up to about +6, at least or up to about +6.5, at least or up to about +7, at least or up to about +7.5, at least or up to about +8, at least or up to about +8.5, at least or up to about +9, at least or up to about +9.5, or at least or up to about +10. In some embodiments, the final temperature of the bed device is between about 12°C to about 43°C. In some embodiments, the final temperature of the bed device is at least or up to about 12°C, at least or up to about 12.5°C, at least or up to about 13°C, at least or up to about 13.5°C, at least or up to about 14°C, at least or up to about 14.5°C, at least or up to about 15°C, at least or up to about 15.5°C, at least or up to about 16°C, at least or up to about 16.5°C, at least or up to about 17°C, at least or up to about 17.5°C, at least or up to about 18°C, at least or up to about 18.5°C, at least or up to about 19°C, at least or up to about 19.5°C, at least or up to about 20°C, at least or up to about 20.5°C, at least or up to about 21 °C, at least or up to about 21 ,5°C, at least or up to about 22°C, at least or up to about 22.5°C, at least or up to about 23°C, at least or up to about 23.5°C, at least or up to about 24°C, at least or up to about 24.5°C, at least or up to about 25°C, at least or up to about 25.5°C, at least or up to about 26°C, at least or up to about 26.5°C, at least or up to about 27°C, at least or up to about 27.5°C, at least or up to about 28°C, at least or up to about 28.5°C, at least or up to about 29°C, at least or up to about 29.5°C, at least or up to about 30°C, at least or up to about 30.5°C, at least or up to about 31°C, at least or up to about 31.5°C, at least or up to about 32°C, at least or up to about 32.5°C, at least or up to about 33°C, at least or up to about 33.5°C, at least or up to about 34°C, at least or up to about 34.5°C, at least or up to about 35°C, at least or up to about 35.5°C, at least or up to about 36°C, at least or up to about 36.5°C, at least or up to about 37°C, at least or up to about 37.5°C, at least or up to about 38°C, at least or up to about 38.5°C, at least or up to about 39°C, at least or up to about 39.5°C, at least or up to about 40°C, at least or up to about 40.5°C, at least or up to about 41°C, at least or up to about 41.5°C, at least or up to about 42°C, at least or up to about 42.5°C, or at least or up to about 43°C.

[0244] In some embodiments, a temperature of the bed device can fluctuate over a duration that the bed device is set to be at a target temperature (e.g., via the temperature control device as provided herein). Accordingly, the temperature of the bed over the duration may not beconstant and may not be identical to the target temperature throughout the entire duration. In some cases, when the bed device is set to be at a target temperature over a given time, the temperature control device can be configured to subject the bed device to a plurality of fluctuation cycles, each fluctuation cycle comprising increasing and decreasing (or vice versa) the temperature of the bed device (or the temperature of a fluid flowing within the bed device) about the target temperature. For example, a fluctuation cycle can comprise a combination of (i) increasing the temperature of the bed device to a high fluctuation temperature that is greater than the target temperature and (ii) decreasing the temperature of the bed device to a low fluctuation temperature that is lower than the target temperature. In the fluctuation cycle, the step of increasing the temperature to the high fluctuation temperature can occur prior to or subsequent to the step of decreasing the temperature of the low fluctuation temperature. Alternatively, when the bed device is supposed to remain constant at a target temperature, the temperature control device may not implement the plurality of fluctuation cycles. In some embodiments, the plurality of fluctuation cycles during use of the bed device can result in decreased number of awakenings of the user. In some embodiments, the plurality of fluctuation cycles during use of the bed device can result in an increase in deep sleep of the user.

[0245] In some embodiments, the plurality of fluctuation cycles during use of the bed device results in about 0%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, about 98%, about 99%, about 100%, about 110%, about 120%, about 130%, about 140%, about 150%, about 160%, about 170%, about 180%, about 190%, about 200%, about 210%, about 220%, about 230%, about 240%, about 250%, about 260%, about 270%, about 280%, about 290%, about 300%, about 310%, about 320%, about 330%, about 340%, about 350%, about 360%, about 370%, about 380%, about 390%, about 400%, about 410%, about 420%, about 430%, about 440%, about 450%, about 460%, about 470%, about 480%, about 490%, or about 500% in the number of awakenings of the user during use of the bed device.

[0246] In some embodiments, the plurality of fluctuation cycles during use of the bed device results in about 0%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, about 98%, about 99%, about 100%, about 110%, about 120%, about 130%, about 140%, about 150%, about 160%, about 170%,about 180%, about 190%, about 200%, about 210%, about 220%, about 230%, about 240%, about 250%, about 260%, about 270%, about 280%, about 290%, about 300%, about 310%, about 320%, about 330%, about 340%, about 350%, about 360%, about 370%, about 380%, about 390%, about 400%, about 410%, about 420%, about 430%, about 440%, about 450%, about 460%, about 470%, about 480%, about 490%, or about 500% decrease in percent change of total awake time of the user.

[0247] In some embodiments, the plurality of fluctuation cycles during use of the bed device results in about 0%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, about 98%, about 99%, about 100%, about 110%, about 120%, about 130%, about 140%, about 150%, about 160%, about 170%, about 180%, about 190%, about 200%, about 210%, about 220%, about 230%, about 240%, about 250%, about 260%, about 270%, about 280%, about 290%, about 300%, about 310%, about 320%, about 330%, about 340%, about 350%, about 360%, about 370%, about 380%, about 390%, about 400%, about 410%, about 420%, about 430%, about 440%, about 450%, about 460%, about 470%, about 480%, about 490%, or about 500% increase in light sleep of the user.

[0248] In some embodiments, the plurality of fluctuation cycles during use of the bed device results in about 0%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, about 98%, about 99%, about 100%, about 110%, about 120%, about 130%, about 140%, about 150%, about 160%, about 170%, about 180%, about 190%, about 200%, about 210%, about 220%, about 230%, about 240%, about 250%, about 260%, about 270%, about 280%, about 290%, about 300%, about 310%, about 320%, about 330%, about 340%, about 350%, about 360%, about 370%, about 380%, about 390%, about 400%, about 410%, about 420%, about 430%, about 440%, about 450%, about 460%, about 470%, about 480%, about 490%, or about 500% increase in deep sleep of the user.

[0249] In some embodiments, the plurality of fluctuation cycles during use of the bed device results in about 0%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, about 98%, about 99%, about 100%, about 110%, about 120%, about 130%, about 140%, about 150%, about 160%, about 170%,about 180%, about 190%, about 200%, about 210%, about 220%, about 230%, about 240%, about 250%, about 260%, about 270%, about 280%, about 290%, about 300%, about 310%, about 320%, about 330%, about 340%, about 350%, about 360%, about 370%, about 380%, about 390%, about 400%, about 410%, about 420%, about 430%, about 440%, about 450%, about 460%, about 470%, about 480%, about 490%, or about 500% increase in REM sleep of the user.

[0250] In some embodiments, the plurality of fluctuation cycles during use of the bed device results in about 0%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, about 98%, about 99%, about 100%, about 110%, about 120%, about 130%, about 140%, about 150%, about 160%, about 170%, about 180%, about 190%, about 200%, about 210%, about 220%, about 230%, about 240%, about 250%, about 260%, about 270%, about 280%, about 290%, about 300%, about 310%, about 320%, about 330%, about 340%, about 350%, about 360%, about 370%, about 380%, about 390%, about 400%, about 410%, about 420%, about 430%, about 440%, about 450%, about 460%, about 470%, about 480%, about 490%, or about 500% increase in total sleep time of the user.

[0251] In some embodiments, the plurality of fluctuation cycles during use of the bed device results in about 0%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, about 98%, about 99%, about 100%, about 110%, about 120%, about 130%, about 140%, about 150%, about 160%, about 170%, about 180%, about 190%, about 200%, about 210%, about 220%, about 230%, about 240%, about 250%, about 260%, about 270%, about 280%, about 290%, about 300%, about 310%, about 320%, about 330%, about 340%, about 350%, about 360%, about 370%, about 380%, about 390%, about 400%, about 410%, about 420%, about 430%, about 440%, about 450%, about 460%, about 470%, about 480%, about 490%, or about 500% increase in net sleep score of the user.

[0252] Similarly, in some embodiments, such fluctuation cycle as described herein can be implemented over a duration of time when the target temperature of the bed device is configured to change from a first target temperature to a second target temperature. Accordingly, when the bed device is set to change (e.g., increase or decrease) from a first target temperature to a second target temperature, the change of the bed device from the firsttarget temperature to the second target temperature may not be linear (e.g., only increasing or only decreasing). Rather, the temperature control device can be configured to subject the bed device to the plurality of fluctuation cycles during the change from the first target temperature to the second target temperature, each fluctuation cycle comprising increasing and decreasing (or vice versa) the temperature of the bed device (or the temperature of a fluid flowing within the bed device). For example, when the overall temperature of the bed device is programmed to change from a first sleep cycle temperature to a second sleep cycle temperature (e.g., between SCI and SC2, between SC2 and SC3, between SC3 and SC4, or between SC4 and SC5 in FIG. 6), the plurality of fluctuation cycles may be applied during such programmed change such that the rate of change of temperature from the first sleep cycle temperature to the second sleep cycle temperature may not be linear, but may fluctuation up and down for multiple cycles.

[0253] In some embodiments, a plurality cycle of the plurality of fluctuation cycles between two target temperatures can comprise at least or up to about 2 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 3 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 4 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 5 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 6 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 7 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 8 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 9 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 10 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 11 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 12 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 13 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 14 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 15 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 20 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 25 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 30 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 35 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 40 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 45 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 50 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 55 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 60 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 65 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 70 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 75 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 80 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 85 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 90 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 100 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 150 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 200 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 300 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 400 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 500 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 600 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 700 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 800 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 900 fluctuation cycles, or at least or up to about1000 fluctuation cycles.

[0254] In some embodiments, the plurality of fluctuation cycles at a target temperature can comprise at least or up to about 2 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 3 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 4 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 5 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 6 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 7 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 8 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 9 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 10 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 11 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 12 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 13 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 14 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 15 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 20 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 25 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 30 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 35 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 40 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 45 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 50 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 55 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 60 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 65 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 70 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 75 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 80 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 85 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 90 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 100 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 150 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 200 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 300 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 400 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 500 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 600 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 700 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 800 fluctuation cycles, at least or up to about 900 fluctuation cycles, or at least or up to about 1000 fluctuation cycles.

[0255] In some embodiments, a fluctuation cycle of the plurality of fluctuation cycles at a target temperature can comprise at least or up to about 1 temperature fluctuation, at least or up to about 2 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 3 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 4 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 5 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 6 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 7 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 8 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 9 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 10 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 11 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 12 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 13 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 14 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 15 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 16 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 17 temperature fluctuations, at least or up toabout 18 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 19 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 20 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 21 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 22 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 23 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 24 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 25 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 26 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 27 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 28 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 29 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 30 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 31 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 32 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 33 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 34 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 35 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 36 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 37 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 38 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 39 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 40 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 41 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 42 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 43 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 44 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 45 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 46 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 47 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 48 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 49 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 50 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 51 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 52 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 53 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 54 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 55 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 56 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 57 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 58 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 59 temperature fluctuations, or at least or up to about 60 temperature fluctuations per minute.

[0256] In some embodiments, a fluctuation cycle of the plurality of fluctuation cycles at a target temperature can comprise at least or up to about 1 temperature fluctuation, at least or up to about 2 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 3 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 4 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 5 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 6 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 7 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 8 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 9 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 10 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 11 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 12 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 13 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 14 temperaturefluctuations, at least or up to about 15 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 16 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 17 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 18 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 19 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 20 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 21 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 22 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 23 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 24 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 25 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 26 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 27 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 28 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 29 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 30 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 31 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 32 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 33 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 34 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 35 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 36 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 37 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 38 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 39 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 40 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 41 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 42 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 43 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 44 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 45 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 46 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 47 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 48 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 49 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 50 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 51 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 52 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 53 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 54 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 55 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 56 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 57 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 58 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 59 temperature fluctuations, or at least or up to about 60 temperature fluctuations per hour.

[0257] In some embodiments, a fluctuation cycle of the plurality of fluctuation cycles between two target temperatures can comprise at least or up to about 1 temperature fluctuation, at least or up to about 2 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 3 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 4 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 5 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 6 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 7 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 8 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 9 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 10 temperaturefluctuations, at least or up to about 11 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 12 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 13 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 14 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 15 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 16 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 17 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 18 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 19 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 20 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 21 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 22 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 23 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 24 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 25 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 26 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 27 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 28 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 29 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 30 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 31 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 32 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 33 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 34 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 35 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 36 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 37 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 38 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 39 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 40 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 41 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 42 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 43 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 44 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 45 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 46 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 47 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 48 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 49 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 50 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 51 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 52 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 53 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 54 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 55 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 56 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 57 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 58 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 59 temperature fluctuations, or at least or up to about 60 temperature fluctuations per minute.

[0258] In some embodiments, a fluctuation cycle of the plurality of fluctuation cycles between two target temperatures can comprise at least or up to about 1 temperature fluctuation, at least or up to about 2 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 3 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 4 temperature fluctuations, at least or up toabout 5 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 6 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 7 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 8 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 9 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 10 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 11 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 12 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 13 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 14 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 15 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 16 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 17 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 18 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 19 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 20 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 21 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 22 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 23 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 24 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 25 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 26 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 27 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 28 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 29 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 30 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 31 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 32 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 33 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 34 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 35 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 36 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 37 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 38 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 39 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 40 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 41 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 42 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 43 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 44 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 45 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 46 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 47 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 48 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 49 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 50 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 51 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 52 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 53 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 54 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 55 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 56 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 57 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 58 temperature fluctuations, at least or up to about 59 temperature fluctuations, or at least or up to about 60 temperature fluctuations per hour.

[0259] In some embodiments, the plurality of fluctuation cycles may or may not besubstantially the same to one another. In some cases, (i) a net change in the temperature of the bed device (or the fluid controlled by the temperature control device) from a fluctuation cycle may or may not be substantially the same as (ii) an additional net change in the temperature of the bed device (or the fluid controlled by the temperature control device) from an additional fluctuation cycle. In some cases, (i) a duration (e.g., a length of time) of a fluctuation cycle may or may not be substantially the same as (ii) a duration of an additional fluctuation cycle.

[0260] In some embodiments, for a given fluctuation cycle comprising at least an increase in the temperature of the bed device (or the fluid controlled by the temperature control device) and a decrease in the temperature of the bed device (or the fluid), an absolute value of the increase in the temperature and an absolute value of the decrease in the temperature may or may not be substantially the same. For example, the increase in the temperature may be substantially the same as the decrease in the temperature, such that a net change in the temperature is substantially zero. In another example, the increase in the temperature may be greater than the decrease in the temperature, such that a net change in the temperature is greater than zero (e.g., during application of the plurality of fluctuation cycles between two target temperature of the bed device as abovementioned). In a different example, the decrease in the temperature may be greater than the increase in the temperature, such that a net change in the temperature is less than zero (e.g., during application of the plurality of fluctuation cycles between two target temperature of the bed device as abovementioned).

[0261] In some embodiments, a total (or sum of) duration of the plurality of fluctuation cycles can be at least or up to about 1 minute, at least or up to about 2 minutes, at least or up to about 5 minutes, at least or up to about 10 minutes, at least or up to about 15 minutes, at least or up to about 20 minutes, at least or up to about 25 minutes, at least or up to about 30 minutes, at least or up to about 35 minutes, at least or up to about 40 minutes, at least or up to about 45 minutes, at least or up to about 50 minutes, at least or up to about 55 minutes, at least or up to about 60 minutes, at least or up to about 70 minutes, at least or up to about 80 minutes, at least or up to about 90 minutes, at least or up to about 100 minutes, at least or up to about 110 minutes, at least or up to about 120 minutes, at least or up to about 130 minutes, at least or up to about 140 minutes, at least or up to about 150 minutes, at least or up to about 160 minutes, at least or up to about 170 minutes, at least or up to about 180 minutes, at least or up to about 190 minutes, at least or up to about 200 minutes, at least or up to about 210 minutes, at least or up to about 220 minutes, at least or up to about 230 minutes, at least or upto about 240 minutes, at least or up to about 300 minutes, at least or up to about 360 minutes, at least or up to about 420 minutes, at least or up to about 480 minutes, at least or up to about 540 minutes, or at least or up to about 600 minutes.

[0262] In some embodiments, a duration of a fluctuation cycle of the plurality of fluctuation cycles can be at least or up to about 5 seconds, at least or up to about 10 seconds, at least or up to about 15 seconds, at least or up to about 20 seconds, at least or up to about 25 seconds, at least or up to about 30 seconds, at least or up to about 40 seconds, at least or up to about 50 seconds, at least or up to about 60 seconds, at least or up to about 70 seconds, at least or up to about 80 seconds, at least or up to about 90 seconds, at least or up to about 100 seconds, at least or up to about 110 seconds, at least or up to about 120 seconds, at least or up to about 3 minutes, at least or up to about 4 minutes, at least or up to about 5 minutes, at least or up to about 6 minutes, at least or up to about 7 minutes, at least or up to about 8 minutes, at least or up to about 9 minutes, at least or up to about 10 minutes, at least or up to about 11 minutes, at least or up to about 12 minutes, at least or up to about 13 minutes, at least or up to about 14 minutes, at least or up to about 15 minutes, at least or up to about 16 minutes, at least or up to about 17 minutes, at least or up to about 18 minutes, at least or up to about 19 minutes, at least or up to about 20 minutes, at least or up to about 21 minutes, at least or up to about 22 minutes, at least or up to about 23 minutes, at least or up to about 24 minutes, at least or up to about 25 minutes, at least or up to about 26 minutes, at least or up to about 27 minutes, at least or up to about 28 minutes, at least or up to about 29 minutes, at least or up to about 30 minutes, at least or up to about 31 minutes, at least or up to about 32 minutes, at least or up to about 33 minutes, at least or up to about 34 minutes, at least or up to about 35 minutes, at least or up to about 36 minutes, at least or up to about 37 minutes, at least or up to about 38 minutes, at least or up to about 39 minutes, at least or up to about 40 minutes, at least or up to about 41 minutes, at least or up to about 42 minutes, at least or up to about 43 minutes, at least or up to about 44 minutes, at least or up to about 45 minutes, at least or up to about 46 minutes, at least or up to about 47 minutes, at least or up to about 48 minutes, at least or up to about 49 minutes, at least or up to about 50 minutes, at least or up to about 51 minutes, at least or up to about 52 minutes, at least or up to about 53 minutes, at least or up to about 54 minutes, at least or up to about 55 minutes, at least or up to about 56 minutes, at least or up to about 57 minutes, at least or up to about 58 minutes, at least or up to about 59 minutes, at least or up to about 60 minutes, at least or up to about 61 minutes, at least or up to about 62 minutes, at least or up to about 63 minutes, at least or up to about 64 minutes, at least or up toabout 65 minutes, at least or up to about 66 minutes, at least or up to about 67 minutes, at least or up to about 68 minutes, at least or up to about 69 minutes, at least or up to about 70 minutes, at least or up to about 71 minutes, at least or up to about 72 minutes, at least or up to about 73 minutes, at least or up to about 74 minutes, at least or up to about 75 minutes, at least or up to about 76 minutes, at least or up to about 77 minutes, at least or up to about 78 minutes, at least or up to about 79 minutes, at least or up to about 80 minutes, at least or up to about 81 minutes, at least or up to about 82 minutes, at least or up to about 83 minutes, at least or up to about 84 minutes, at least or up to about 85 minutes, at least or up to about 86 minutes, at least or up to about 87 minutes, at least or up to about 88 minutes, at least or up to about 89 minutes, at least or up to about 90 minutes, at least or up to about 91 minutes, at least or up to about 92 minutes, at least or up to about 93 minutes, at least or up to about 94 minutes, at least or up to about 95 minutes, at least or up to about 96 minutes, at least or up to about 97 minutes, at least or up to about 98 minutes, at least or up to about 99 minutes, at least or up to about 100 minutes, at least or up to about 101 minutes, at least or up to about 102 minutes, at least or up to about 103 minutes, at least or up to about 104 minutes, at least or up to about 105 minutes, at least or up to about 106 minutes, at least or up to about 107 minutes, at least or up to about 108 minutes, at least or up to about 109 minutes, at least or up to about 110 minutes, at least or up to about 111 minutes, at least or up to about 112 minutes, at least or up to about 113 minutes, at least or up to about 114 minutes, at least or up to about 115 minutes, at least or up to about 116 minutes, at least or up to about 117 minutes, at least or up to about 118 minutes, at least or up to about 119 minutes, or at least or up to about 120 minutes.

[0263] In some embodiments, a duration of an increasing temperature step and / or a decreasing temperature step of a fluctuation cycle of the plurality of fluctuation cycles can be at least or up to about 5 seconds, at least or up to about 10 seconds, at least or up to about 15 seconds, at least or up to about 20 seconds, at least or up to about 25 seconds, at least or up to about 30 seconds, at least or up to about 40 seconds, at least or up to about 50 seconds, at least or up to about 60 seconds, at least or up to about 70 seconds, at least or up to about 80 seconds, at least or up to about 90 seconds, at least or up to about 100 seconds, at least or up to about 110 seconds, at least or up to about 120 seconds, at least or up to about 3 minutes, at least or up to about 4 minutes, at least or up to about 5 minutes, at least or up to about 6 minutes, at least or up to about 7 minutes, at least or up to about 8 minutes, at least or up to about 9 minutes, at least or up to about 10 minutes, at least or up to about 11 minutes, at leastor up to about 12 minutes, at least or up to about 13 minutes, at least or up to about 14 minutes, at least or up to about 15 minutes, at least or up to about 16 minutes, at least or up to about 17 minutes, at least or up to about 18 minutes, at least or up to about 19 minutes, at least or up to about 20 minutes, at least or up to about 21 minutes, at least or up to about 22 minutes, at least or up to about 23 minutes, at least or up to about 24 minutes, at least or up to about 25 minutes, at least or up to about 26 minutes, at least or up to about 27 minutes, at least or up to about 28 minutes, at least or up to about 29 minutes, at least or up to about 30 minutes, at least or up to about 31 minutes, at least or up to about 32 minutes, at least or up to about 33 minutes, at least or up to about 34 minutes, at least or up to about 35 minutes, at least or up to about 36 minutes, at least or up to about 37 minutes, at least or up to about 38 minutes, at least or up to about 39 minutes, at least or up to about 40 minutes, at least or up to about 41 minutes, at least or up to about 42 minutes, at least or up to about 43 minutes, at least or up to about 44 minutes, at least or up to about 45 minutes, at least or up to about 46 minutes, at least or up to about 47 minutes, at least or up to about 48 minutes, at least or up to about 49 minutes, at least or up to about 50 minutes, at least or up to about 51 minutes, at least or up to about 52 minutes, at least or up to about 53 minutes, at least or up to about 54 minutes, at least or up to about 55 minutes, at least or up to about 56 minutes, at least or up to about 57 minutes, at least or up to about 58 minutes, at least or up to about 59 minutes, at least or up to about 60 minutes, at least or up to about 61 minutes, at least or up to about 62 minutes, at least or up to about 63 minutes, at least or up to about 64 minutes, at least or up to about 65 minutes, at least or up to about 66 minutes, at least or up to about 67 minutes, at least or up to about 68 minutes, at least or up to about 69 minutes, at least or up to about 70 minutes, at least or up to about 71 minutes, at least or up to about 72 minutes, at least or up to about 73 minutes, at least or up to about 74 minutes, at least or up to about 75 minutes, at least or up to about 76 minutes, at least or up to about 77 minutes, at least or up to about 78 minutes, at least or up to about 79 minutes, at least or up to about 80 minutes, at least or up to about 81 minutes, at least or up to about 82 minutes, at least or up to about 83 minutes, at least or up to about 84 minutes, at least or up to about 85 minutes, at least or up to about 86 minutes, at least or up to about 87 minutes, at least or up to about 88 minutes, at least or up to about 89 minutes, at least or up to about 90 minutes, at least or up to about 91 minutes, at least or up to about 92 minutes, at least or up to about 93 minutes, at least or up to about 94 minutes, at least or up to about 95 minutes, at least or up to about 96 minutes, at least or up to about 97 minutes, at least or up to about 98 minutes, at least or up to about 99 minutes, atleast or up to about 100 minutes, at least or up to about 101 minutes, at least or up to about 102 minutes, at least or up to about 103 minutes, at least or up to about 104 minutes, at least or up to about 105 minutes, at least or up to about 106 minutes, at least or up to about 107 minutes, at least or up to about 108 minutes, at least or up to about 109 minutes, at least or up to about 110 minutes, at least or up to about 111 minutes, at least or up to about 112 minutes, at least or up to about 113 minutes, at least or up to about 114 minutes, at least or up to about 115 minutes, at least or up to about 116 minutes, at least or up to about 117 minutes, at least or up to about 118 minutes, at least or up to about 119 minutes, or at least or up to about 120 minutes.

[0264] In some embodiments, a degree (e.g., an absolute value) of change of the temperature during an increasing temperature step and / or a decreasing temperature step of a fluctuation cycle of the plurality of fluctuation cycles can be at least or up to about 0.001 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 0.002 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 0.003 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 0.004 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 0.005 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 0.006 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 0.007 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 0.008 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 0.009 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 0.01 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 0.02 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 0.03 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 0.04 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 0.05 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 0.06 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 0.07 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 0.08 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 0.09 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 0.1 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 0.15 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 0.2 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 0.25 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 0.3 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 0.35 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 0.4 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 0.45 Celsius, at least or up to about 0.5 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 0.55 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 0.6 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 0.65 at least or up to about 0.7 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 0.75 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 0.8 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 0.85 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 0.9 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 0.95 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 1 degree Celsius, at least or up to about 1.05 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 1.10 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 1.15 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 1.2 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 1.25 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 1.3 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 1.35 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 1.4 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 1.45 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 1.5 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 1.55 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 1.6 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 1.65 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 1.7 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 1.75 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 1.8 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 1.85 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 1.9 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 1.95 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2.0 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2.05 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2.1 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2.15 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2.2 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2.25 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2.3 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2.35 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2.4 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2.45 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2.5 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2.55 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2.6 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2.65 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2.7 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2.75 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2.8 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2.85 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2.9 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2.95 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3.0 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3.05 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3.1 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3.15 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3.2 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3.25 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3.3 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3.35 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3.4 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3.45 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3.5 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3.55 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3.6 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3.65 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3.7 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3.75 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3.8 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3.85 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3.9 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3.95 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 4.0 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 4.05 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 4.1 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 4.15 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 4.2 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 4.25 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 4.3 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 4.35 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 4.4 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 4.45 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 4.5 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 4.55 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 4.6 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 4.65 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 4.7 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 4.75 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 4.8 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 4.85 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 4.9 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 4.95 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 5.0 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 5.05 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 5.1 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 5.15 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 5.2 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 5.25 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 5.3 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 5.35 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 5.4 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 5.45 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 5.5 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 5.55 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 5.6 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 5.65 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 5.7 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 5.75 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 5.8 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 5.85 degreesCelsius, at least or up to about 5.9 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 6.0 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 6.05 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 6.1 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 6.15 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 6.2 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 6.25 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 6.3 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 6.35 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 6.4 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 6.45 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 6.5 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 6.55 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 6.6 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 6.65 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 6.7 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 6.75 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 6.8 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 6.85 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 6.9 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 6.95 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 7.0 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 7.05 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 7.1 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 7.15 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 7.2 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 7.25 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 7.3 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 7.35 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 7.4 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 7.45 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 7.5 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 7.55 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 7.6 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 7.65 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 7.7 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 7.75 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 7.8 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 7.85 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 7.9 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 7.95 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 8.0 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 8.05degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 8.1 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 8.15 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 8.2 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 8.25 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 8.3 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 8.35 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 8.4 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 8.45 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 8.5 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 8.55 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 8.6 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 8.65 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 8.7 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 8.75 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 8.8 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 8.85 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 8.9 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 8.95 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 9.0 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 9.05 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 9.1 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 9.15 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 9.2 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 9.25 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 9.3 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 9.35 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 9.4 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 9.45 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 9.5 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 9.55 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 9.6 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 9.65 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 9.7 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 9.75 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 9.8 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 9.85 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 9.9 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 9.95 degrees Celsius, or at least or up to about 10.0 degrees Celsius. Such degree of change of the temperature during the increasing temperature step and / or the decreasing temperature step of the fluctuation cycle can be instant or, alternatively, can occur over the period of at least or up to about 0.01 seconds, at least or up to about 0.02 seconds, at least or up to about 0.03 seconds, at least or up to about 0.04 seconds, at least or up to about 0.05 seconds, at least or up to about 0.06 seconds, at least or up to about 0.07 seconds, at least or up to about 0.08 seconds, at least or up to about 0.09 seconds, at least or up to about 0.1 seconds, at least or up to about 0.2 seconds, at least or up to about 0.3 seconds, at least or up to about 0.4 seconds, at least or up to about 0.5 seconds, at least or up to about 0.6 seconds, at least or up to about 0.7 seconds, at least or up to about 0.8 seconds, at least or up to about 0.9 seconds, at least or up to about 1 second, at least or up to about 2 seconds, at least or up to about 3 seconds, at least or up to about 4 seconds, at least or up to about 5 seconds, at least or up to about 6 seconds, at least or up to about 7 seconds, at least or up to about 8 seconds, at least or up to about 9 seconds, at least or up to about 10 seconds, at least or up to about 15 seconds, at least or up toabout 20 seconds, at least or up to about 25 seconds, at least or up to about 30 seconds, at least or up to about 40 seconds, at least or up to about 50 seconds, at least or up to about 60 seconds, at least or up to about 70 seconds, at least or up to about 80 seconds, at least or up to about 90 seconds, or at least or up to about 100 seconds.

[0265] In some embodiments, a degree (e.g., an absolute value) of change of the temperature during an increasing temperature step and / or a decreasing temperature step of a fluctuation cycle of the plurality of fluctuation cycles can be a relative percentage of the first target temperature and / or the second target temperature. In some embodiments, the degree of change of the temperature during the increasing temperature step and / or the decreasing temperature step of the fluctuation cycle of the plurality of fluctuation cycles can be at least or up to about 0.0%, at least or up to about 0.5%, at least or up to about 1.0%, at least or up to about 1.5%, at least or up to about 2.0%, at least or up to about 2.5%, at least or up to about 3.0%, at least or up to about 3.5%, at least or up to about 4.0%, at least or up to about 4.5%, at least or up to about 5.0%, at least or up to about 5.5%, at least or up to about 6.0%, at least or up to about 6.5%, at least or up to about 7.0%, at least or up to about 7.5%, at least or up to about 8.0%, at least or up to about 8.5%, at least or up to about 9.0%, at least or up to about 9.5%, at least or up to about 10.0%, at least or up to about 10.5%, at least or up to about 11%, at least or up to about 11.5%, at least or up to about 12.0%, at least or up to about 12.5%, at least or up to about 13.0%, at least or up to about 13.5%, at least or up to about 14.0%, at least or up to about 14.5%, at least or up to about 15.0%, at least or up to about 15.5%, at least or up to about 16.0%, at least or up to about 16.5%, at least or up to about 17.0%, at least or up to about 17.5%, at least or up to about 18%, at least or up to about 18.5%, at least or up to about 19.0%, at least or up to about 19.5%, at least or up to about 20.0%, at least or up to about 20.5%, at least or up to about 21.0%, at least or up to about 21.5%, at least or up to about 22.0%, at least or up to about 22.5%, at least or up to about 23.0% at least or up to about, at least or up to about 23.5%, at least or up to about 24.0%, at least or up to about 24.5%, at least or up to about 25%, at least or up to about 25.5%, at least or up to about 26.0%, at least or up to about 26.5%, at least or up to about 27.0%, at least or up to about 27.5%, at least or up to about 28.0%, at least or up to about 28.5%, at least or up to about 29.0%, at least or up to about 29.5%, at least or up to about 30.0%, at least or up to about 30.5%, at least or up to about 31.0%, at least or up to about 31.5%, at least or up to about 32.0%, at least or up to about 32.5%, at least or up to about 33.0%, at least or up to about 33.5%, at least or up to about 34.0%, at least or up to about 34.5%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 85.0%, at least or up to about 85.5%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 86.5%, at least or up to about 87.0%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 88.0%, at least or up to about 88.5%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 89.5%, at least or up to about 90.0%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 91.0%, at least or up to about 91.5%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 92.5%, at least or up to about 93.0%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 94.0%, at least or up to about 94.5%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 95.5%, at least or up to about 96.0%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 97.0%, at least or up to about 97.5%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 98.5%, at least or up to about 99.0%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 100%, at least or up to about 101%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 103%, at least or up to about 104%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 106%, at least or up to about 107%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 109%, at least or up to about 110%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 112%, at least or up to about 113%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 115%, at least or up to about 116%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 118%, at least or up to about 119%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 121%, at least or up to about 122%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 124%, at least or up to about 125%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 127%, at least or up to about 128%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 130%, at least or up to about 131%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 133%, at least or up to about 134%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 136%, at least or up to about 137%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 139%, at least or up to about 140%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 142%, at least or up to about 143%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 145%, at least or up to about 146%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 148%, at least or up to about 149%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 151%, at least or up to about 152%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 154%, at least or up to about 155%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 157%, at least or up to about 158%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 160%, at least or up to about 161%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 163%, at least or up to about 164%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 166%, at least or up to about 167%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 169%, at least or up to about 170%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 172%, at least or up to about 173%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 175%, at least or up to about 176%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 178%, at least or up to about 179%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 181%, at least or up to about 182%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 184%, at least or up to about 185%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 187%, at least or up to about 188%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 190%, at least or up to about 191%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 193%, at least or up to about 194%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 196%, at least or up to about 197%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 199%, at least or up to about 200%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 202%, at least or up to about 203%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 205%, at least or up to about 206%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 208%, at least or up to about 209%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 211%, at least or up to about 212%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 214%, at least or up to about 215%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 217%, at least or up to about 218%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 220%, at least or up to about 221%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 223%, at least or up to about 224%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 226%, at least or up to about 227%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 229%, at least or up to about 230%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 232%, at least or up to about 233%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 235%, at least or up to about 236%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 238%, at least or up to about 239%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 241%, at least or up to about 242%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 244%, at least or up to about 245%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 247%, at least or up to about 248%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 250%, at least or up to about 251%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 253%, at least or up to about 254%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 256%, at least or up to about 257%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 259%, at least or up to about 260%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 262%, at least or up to about 263%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 265%, at least or up to about 266%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 268%, at least or up to about 269%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 271%, at least or up to about 272%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 274%, at least or up to about 275%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 277%, at least or up to about 278%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 280%, at least or up to about 281%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 283%, at least or up to about 284%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 286%, at least or up to about 287%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 289%, at least or up to about 290%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 292%, at least or up to about 293%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 295%, at least or up to about 296%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 298%, at least or up to about 299%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 301%, at least or up to about 302%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 304%, at least or up to about 305%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 307%, at least or up to about 308%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 310%, at least or up to about 311%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 313%, at least or up to about 314%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 316%, at least or up to about 317%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 319%, at least or up to about 320%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 322%, at least or up to about 323%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 325%, at least or up to about 326%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 328%, at least or up to about 329%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 331%, at least or up to about 332%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 334%, at least or up to about 335%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 337%, at least or up to about 338%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 340%, at least or up to about 341%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 343%, at least or up to about 344%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 346%, at least or up to about 347%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 349%, at least or up to about 350%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 352%, at least or up to about 353%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 355%, at least or up to about 356%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 358%, at least or up to about 359%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 361%, at least or up to about 362%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 364%, at least or up to about 365%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 367%, at least or up to about 368%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 370%, at least or up to about 371%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 373%, at least or up to about 374%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 376%, at least or up to about 377%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 379%, at least or up to about 380%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 382%, at least or up to about 383%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 385%, at least or up to about 386%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 388%, at least or up to about 389%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 391%, at least or up to about 392%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 394%, at least or up to about 395%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 397%, at least or up to about 398%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 400%, at least or up to about 401%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 403%, at least or up to about 404%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 406%, at least or up to about 407%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 409%, at least or up to about 410%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 412%, at least or up to about 413%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 415%, at least or up to about 416%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 418%, at least or up to about 419%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 421%, at least or up to about 422%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 424%, at least or up to about 425%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 427%, at least or up to about 428%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 430%, at least or up to about 431%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 433%, at least or up to about 434%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 436%, at least or up to about 437%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 439%, at least or up to about 440%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 442%, at least or up to about 443%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 445%, at least or up to about 446%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 448%, at least or up to about 449%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 451%, at least or up to about 452%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 454%, at least or up to about 455%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 457%, at least or up to about 458%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 460%, at least or up to about 461%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 463%, at least or up to about 464%, at least or up to about465%, at least or up to about 466%, at least or up to about 467%, at least or up to about468%, at least or up to about 469%, at least or up to about 470%, at least or up to about471%, at least or up to about 472%, at least or up to about 473%, at least or up to about474%, at least or up to about 475%, at least or up to about 476%, at least or up to about477%, at least or up to about 478%, at least or up to about 479%, at least or up to about480%, at least or up to about 481%, at least or up to about 482%, at least or up to about483%, at least or up to about 484%, at least or up to about 485%, at least or up to about486%, at least or up to about 487%, at least or up to about 488%, at least or up to about489%, at least or up to about 490%, at least or up to about 491%, at least or up to about492%, at least or up to about 493%, at least or up to about 494%, at least or up to about495%, at least or up to about 496%, at least or up to about 497%, at least or up to about498%, at least or up to about 499%, or at least or up to about 500% of the first target temperature and / or the second target temperature.

[0266] In some embodiments, a degree (e.g., an absolute value) of change of the temperature during an increasing temperature step and / or a decreasing temperature step of a fluctuation cycle of the plurality of fluctuation cycles can be a percent difference between the first target temperature and the second target temperature. In some embodiments, the percent difference of the degree of the change of the temperature during the increasing temperature step and / or the decreasing temperature step of the fluctuation cycle of the plurality of fluctuation cycles between the first target temperature and the second target temperature can be at least or up to about 0.0%, at least or up to about 0.5%, at least or up to about 1.0%, at least or up to about 1.5%, at least or up to about 2.0%, at least or up to about 2.5%, at least or up to about 3.0%, at least or up to about 3.5%, at least or up to about 4.0%, at least or up to about 4.5%, at least or up to about 5.0%, at least or up to about 5.5%, at least or up to about 6.0%, at least or up to about 6.5%, at least or up to about 7.0%, at least or up to about 7.5%, at least or up to about 8.0%, at least or up to about 8.5%, at least or up to about 9.0%, at least or up to about 9.5%, at least or up to about 10.0%, at least or up to about 10.5%, at least or up to about 11%, at least or up to about 11.5%, at least or up to about 12.0%, at least or up to about 12.5%, at least or up to about 13.0%, at least or up to about 13.5%, at least or up to about 14.0%, at least or up to about 14.5%, at least or up to about 15.0%, at least or up to about 15.5%, at least or up to about 16.0%, at least or up to about 16.5%, at least or up to about 17.0%, at least or up to about 17.5%, at least or up to about 18%, at least or up to about 18.5%, at least or up to about 19.0%, at least or up to about 19.5%, at least or up to about 20.0%, at least orup to about 20.5%, at least or up to about 21.0%, at least or up to about 21.5%, at least or up to about 22.0%, at least or up to about 22.5%, at least or up to about 23.0% at least or up to about, at least or up to about 23.5%, at least or up to about 24.0%, at least or up to about 24.5%, at least or up to about 25%, at least or up to about 25.5%, at least or up to about 26.0%, at least or up to about 26.5%, at least or up to about 27.0%, at least or up to about27.5%, at least or up to about 28.0%, at least or up to about 28.5%, at least or up to about29.0%, at least or up to about 29.5%, at least or up to about 30.0%, at least or up to about30.5%, at least or up to about 31.0%, at least or up to about 31.5%, at least or up to about32.0%, at least or up to about 32.5%, at least or up to about 33.0%, at least or up to about33.5%, at least or up to about 34.0%, at least or up to about 34.5%, at least or up to about35.0%, at least or up to about 35.5%, at least or up to about 36.0%, at least or up to about36.5%, at least or up to about 37.0%, at least or up to about 37.5%, at least or up to about38.0%, at least or up to about 38.5%, at least or up to about 39.0%, at least or up to about39.5%, at least or up to about 40.0%, at least or up to about 40.5%, at least or up to about41.0%, at least or up to about 41.5%, at least or up to about 42.0%, at least or up to about42.5%, at least or up to about 43.0%, at 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least or up to about%, at least or up to about 157%, at least or up to about 158%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 160%, at least or up to about 161%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 163%, at least or up to about 164%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 166%, at least or up to about 167%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 169%, at least or up to about 170%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 172%, at least or up to about 173%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 175%, at least or up to about 176%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 178%, at least or up to about 179%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 181%, at least or up to about 182%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 184%, at least or up to about 185%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 187%, at least or up to about 188%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 190%, 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to about 260%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 262%, at least or up to about 263%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 265%, at least or up to about 266%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 268%, at least or up to about 269%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 271%, at least or up to about 272%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 274%, at least or up to about 275%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 277%, at least or up to about 278%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 280%, at least or up to about 281%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 283%, at least or up to about 284%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 286%, at least or up to about 287%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 289%, at least or up to about 290%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 292%, at least or up to about 293%, at least or up to about%, at least or 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least or up to about%, at least or up to about 331%, at least or up to about 332%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 334%, at least or up to about 335%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 337%, at least or up to about 338%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 340%, at least or up to about 341%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 343%, at least or up to about 344%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 346%, at least or up to about 347%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 349%, at least or up to about 350%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 352%, at least or up to about 353%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 355%, at least or up to about 356%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 358%, at least or up to about 359%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 361%, at least or up to about 362%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 364%, 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about%, at least or up to about 400%, at least or up to about 401%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 403%, at least or up to about 404%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 406%, at least or up to about 407%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 409%, at least or up to about 410%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 412%, at least or up to about 413%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 415%, at least or up to about 416%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 418%, at least or up to about 419%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 421%, at least or up to about 422%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 424%, at least or up to about 425%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 427%, at least or up to about 428%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 430%, at least or up to about 431%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 433%, at least or up 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least or up to about468%, at least or up to about 469%, at least or up to about 470%, at least or up to about471%, at least or up to about 472%, at least or up to about 473%, at least or up to about474%, at least or up to about 475%, at least or up to about 476%, at least or up to about477%, at least or up to about 478%, at least or up to about 479%, at least or up to about480%, at least or up to about 481%, at least or up to about 482%, at least or up to about483%, at least or up to about 484%, at least or up to about 485%, at least or up to about486%, at least or up to about 487%, at least or up to about 488%, at least or up to about489%, at least or up to about 490%, at least or up to about 491%, at least or up to about492%, at least or up to about 493%, at least or up to about 494%, at least or up to about495%, at least or up to about 496%, at least or up to about 497%, at least or up to about498%, at least or up to about 499%, or at least or up to about 500%.

[0267] In some embodiments, a degree (e.g., an absolute value) of change of the temperature during an increasing temperature step and / or a decreasing temperature step of a fluctuation cycle of the plurality of fluctuation cycles can be a percent difference between the second target temperature and the first target temperature. In some embodiments, the percent difference of the degree of the change of the temperature during the increasing temperature step and / or the decreasing temperature step of the fluctuation cycle of the plurality of fluctuation cycles between the second target temperature and the first target temperature can be at least or up to about 0.0%, at least or up to about 0.5%, at least or up to about 1.0%, at least or up to about 1.5%, at least or up to about 2.0%, at least or up to about 2.5%, at least or up to about 3.0%, at least or up to about 3.5%, at least or up to about 4.0%, at least or up to about 4.5%, at least or up to about 5.0%, at least or up to about 5.5%, at least or up to about6.0%, at least or up to about 6.5%, at least or up to about 7.0%, at least or up to about 7.5%, at least or up to about 8.0%, at least or up to about 8.5%, at least or up to about 9.0%, at least or up to about 9.5%, at least or up to about 10.0%, at least or up to about 10.5%, at least or up to about 11%, at least or up to about 11.5%, at least or up to about 12.0%, at least or up to about 12.5%, at least or up to about 13.0%, at least or up to about 13.5%, at least or up to about 14.0%, at least or up to about 14.5%, at least or up to about 15.0%, at least or up to about 15.5%, at least or up to about 16.0%, at least or up to about 16.5%, at least or up to about 17.0%, at least or up to about 17.5%, at least or up to about 18%, at least or up to about18.5%, at least or up to about 19.0%, at least or up to about 19.5%, at least or up to about20.0%, at least or up to about 20.5%, at least or up to about 21.0%, at least or up to about21.5%, at least or up to about 22.0%, at least or up to about 22.5%, at least or up to about23.0% at least or up to about, at least or up to about 23.5%, at least or up to about 24.0%, at least or up to about 24.5%, at least or up to about 25%, at least or up to about 25.5%, at least or up to about 26.0%, at least or up to about 26.5%, at least or up to about 27.0%, at least or up to about 27.5%, at least or up to about 28.0%, at least or up to about 28.5%, at least or up to about 29.0%, at least or up to about 29.5%, at least or up to about 30.0%, at least or up to about 30.5%, at least or up to about 31.0%, at least or up to about 31.5%, at least or up to about 32.0%, at least or up to about 32.5%, at least or up to about 33.0%, at least or up to about 33.5%, at least or up to about 34.0%, at least or up to about 34.5%, at least or up to about 35.0%, at least or up to about 35.5%, at least or up to about 36.0%, at least or up to about 36.5%, at least or up to about 37.0%, at least or up to about 37.5%, at least or up to about 38.0%, at least or up to about 38.5%, at least or up to about 39.0%, at least or up to about 39.5%, at least or up to about 40.0%, at least or up to about 40.5%, at least or up to about 41.0%, at least or up to about 41.5%, at least or up to about 42.0%, at least or up to about 42.5%, at least or up to about 43.0%, at least or up to about 43.5%, at least or up to about 44.0%, at least or up to about 44.5%, at least or up to about 45.0%, at least or up to about 45.5%, at least or up to about 46.0%, at least or up to about 46.5%, at least or up to about 47.0%, at least or up to about 47.5%, at least or up to about 48.0%, at least or up to about 48.5%, at least or up to about 49.0%, at least or up to about 49.5%, at least or up to about 50.0%, at least or up to about 50.5%, at least or up to about 51.0%, at least or up to about 51.5%, at least or up to about 52.0%, at least or up to about 52.5%, at least or up to about 53.0%, at least or up to about 53.5%, at least or up to about 54.0%, at least or up to about 54.5%, at least or up to about 55.0%, at least or up to about 55.5%, at least or up toabout 56.0%, at least or up to about 56.5%, at least or up to about 57.0%, at least or up to about 57.5%, at least or up to about 58.0%, at least or up to about 58.5%, at least or up to about 59.0%, at least or up to about 59.5%, at least or up to about 60.0%, at least or up to about 60.5%, at least or up to about 61.0%, at least or up to about 61.5%, at least or up to about 62.0%, at least or up to about 62.5%, at least or up to about 63.0%, at least or up to about 63.5%, at least or up to about 64.0%, at least or up to about 64.5%, at least or up to about 65.0%, at least or up to about 65.5%, at least or up to about 66.0%, at least or up to about 66.5%, at least or up to about 67.0%, at least or up to about 67.5%, at least or up to about 68.0%, at least or up to about 68.5%, at least or up to about 69.0%, at least or up to about 69.5%, at least or up to about 70.0%, at least or up to about 70.5%, at least or up to about 71.0%, at least or up to about 71.5%, at least or up to about 72.0%, at least or up to about 72.5%, at least or up to about 73.0%, at least or up to about 73.5%, at least or up to about 74.0%, at least or up to about 74.5%, at least or up to about 75.0%, at least or 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about 116%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 118%, at least or up to about 119%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 121%, at least or up to about 122%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 124%, at least or up to about 125%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 127%, at least or up to about 128%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 130%, at least or up to about 131%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 133%, at least or up to about 134%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 136%, at least or up to about 137%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 139%, at least or up to about 140%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 142%, at least or up to about 143%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 145%, at least or up to about 146%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 148%, at least or up to about 149%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 151%, at least or up to about 152%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 154%, at least or up to about 155%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 157%, at least or up to about 158%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 160%, at least or up to about 161%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 163%, at least or up to about 164%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 166%, at least or up to about 167%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 169%, at least or up to about 170%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 172%, at least or up to about 173%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 175%, at least or up to about 176%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 178%, at least or up to about 179%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 181%, at least or up to about 182%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 184%, at least or up to about 185%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 187%, at least or up to about 188%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 190%, at least or up to about 191%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 193%, at least or up to about 194%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 196%, at least or up to about 197%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 199%, at least or up to about 200%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 202%, at least or up to about 203%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 205%, at least or up to about 206%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 208%, at least or up to about 209%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 211%, at least or up to about 212%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 214%, at least or up to about 215%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 217%, at least or up to about 218%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 220%, at least or up to about 221%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 223%, at least or up to about 224%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 226%, at least or up to about 227%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 229%, at least or up to about 230%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 232%, at least or up to about 233%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 235%, at least or up to about 236%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 238%, at least or up to about 239%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 241%, at least or up to about 242%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 244%, at least or up to about 245%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 247%, at least or up to about 248%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 250%, at least or up to about 251%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 253%, at least or up to about 254%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 256%, at least or up to about 257%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 259%, at least or up to about 260%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 262%, at least or up to about 263%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 265%, at least or up to about 266%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 268%, at least or up to about 269%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 271%, at least or up to about 272%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 274%, at least or up to about 275%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 277%, at least or up to about 278%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 280%, at least or up to about 281%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 283%, at least or up to about 284%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 286%, at least or up to about 287%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 289%, at least or up to about 290%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 292%, at least or up to about 293%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 295%, at least or up to about 296%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 298%, at least or up to about 299%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 301%, at least or up to about 302%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 304%, at least or up to about 305%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 307%, at least or up to about 308%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 310%, at least or up to about 311%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 313%, at least or up to about 314%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 316%, at least or up to about 317%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 319%, at least or up to about 320%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 322%, at least or up to about 323%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 325%, at least or up to about 326%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 328%, at least or up to about 329%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 331%, at least or up to about 332%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 334%, at least or up to about 335%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 337%, at least or up to about 338%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 340%, at least or up to about 341%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 343%, at least or up to about 344%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 346%, at least or up to about 347%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 349%, at least or up to about 350%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 352%, at least or up to about 353%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 355%, at least or up to about 356%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 358%, at least or up to about 359%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 361%, at least or up to about 362%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 364%, at least or up to about 365%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 367%, at least or up to about 368%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 370%, at least or up to about 371%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 373%, at least or up to about 374%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 376%, at least or up to about 377%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 379%, at least or up to about 380%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 382%, at least or up to about 383%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 385%, at least or up to about 386%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 388%, at least or up to about 389%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 391%, at least or up to about 392%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 394%, at least or up to about 395%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 397%, at least or up to about 398%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 400%, at least or up to about 401%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 403%, at least or up to about 404%, at least or up to about%, at least or up to about 406%, at least or up to about 407%, at least or up to about408%, at least or up to about 409%, at least or up to about 410%, at least or up to about 411%, at least or up to about 412%, at least or up to about 413%, at least or up to about 414%, at least or up to about 415%, at least or up to about 416%, at least or up to about 417%, at least or up to about 418%, at least or up to about 419%, at least or up to about 420%, at least or up to about 421%, at least or up to about 422%, at least or up to about 423%, at least or up to about 424%, at least or up to about 425%, at least or up to about 426%, at least or up to about 427%, at least or up to about 428%, at least or up to about 429%, at least or up to about 430%, at least or up to about 431%, at least or up to about 432%, at least or up to about 433%, at least or up to about 434%, at least or up to about 435%, at least or up to about 436%, at least or up to about 437%, at least or up to about 438%, at least or up to about 439%, at least or up to about 440%, at least or up to about 441%, at least or up to about 442%, at least or up to about 443%, at least or up to about 444%, at least or up to about 445%, at least or up to about 446%, at least or up to about 447%, at least or up to about 448%, at least or up to about 449%, at least or up to about 450%, at least or up to about 451%, at least or up to about 452%, at least or up to about 453%, at least or up to about 454%, at least or up to about 455%, at least or up to about 456%, at least or up to about 457%, at least or up to about 458%, at least or up to about 459%, at least or up to about 460%, at least or up to about 461%, at least or up to about 462%, at least or up to about 463%, at least or up to about 464%, at least or up to about 465%, at least or up to about 466%, at least or up to about 467%, at least or up to about 468%, at least or up to about 469%, at least or up to about 470%, at least or up to about 471%, at least or up to about 472%, at least or up to about 473%, at least or up to about 474%, at least or up to about 475%, at least or up to about 476%, at least or up to about 477%, at least or up to about 478%, at least or up to about 479%, at least or up to about 480%, at least or up to about 481%, at least or up to about 482%, at least or up to about 483%, at least or up to about 484%, at least or up to about 485%, at least or up to about 486%, at least or up to about 487%, at least or up to about 488%, at least or up to about 489%, at least or up to about 490%, at least or up to about 491%, at least or up to about 492%, at least or up to about 493%, at least or up to about 494%, at least or up to about 495%, at least or up to about 496%, at least or up to about 497%, at least or up to about 498%, at least or up to about 499%, or at least or up to about 500%.

[0268] In some embodiments, the temperature of the bed device during a fluctuation cycle may increase and / or decrease (e.g., by the temperature regulator) at a rate ranging betweenabout 0.01°C per minute (°C / min) to about 5°C / min. In some cases, the temperature of the bed device during a fluctuation cycle may increase and / or decrease at a rate of at least or up to about 0.01°C / min, at least or up to about 0.02°C / min, at least or up to about 0.03°C / min, at least or up to about 0.04°C / min, at least or up to about 0.05°C / min, at least or up to about 0.06°C / min, at least or up to about 0.07°C / min, at least or up to about 0.08°C / min, at least or up to about 0.09°C / min, at least or up to about 0.1°C / min, at least or up to about 0.1 l°C / min, at least or up to about 0.12°C / min, at least or up to about 0.13°C / min, at least or up to about 0.14°C / min, at least or up to about 0.15°C / min, at least or up to about 0.16°C / min, at least or up to about 0.17°C / min, at least or up to about 0.18°C / min, at least or up to about 0.19°C / min, at least or up to about 0.2°C / min, at least or up to about 0.21°C / min, at least or up to about 0.22°C / min, at least or up to about 0.23°C / min, at least or up to about 0.24°C / min, at least or up to about 0.25°C / min, at least or up to about 0.26°C / min, at least or up to about 0.27°C / min, at least or up to about 0.28°C / min, at least or up to about 0.29°C / min, at least or up to about 0.3°C / min, at least or up to about 0.3 l°C / min, at least or up to about 0.32°C / min, at least or up to about 0.33°C / min, at least or up to about 0.34°C / min, at least or up to about 0.35°C / min, at least or up to about 0.36°C / min, at least or up to about 0.37°C / min, at least or up to about 0.38°C / min, at least or up to about 0.39°C / min, at least or up to about 0.4°C / min, at least or up to about 0.41°C / min, at least or up to about 0.42°C / min, at least or up to about 0.43°C / min, at least or up to about 0.44°C / min, at least or up to about 0.45°C / min, at least or up to about 0.46°C / min, at least or up to about 0.47°C / min, at least or up to about 0.48°C / min, at least or up to about 0.49°C / min, at least or up to about 0.5°C / min, at least or up to about 0.51°C / min, at least or up to about 0.52°C / min, at least or up to about 0.53°C / min, at least or up to about 0.54°C / min, at least or up to about 0.55°C / min, at least or up to about 0.56°C / min, at least or up to about 0.57°C / min, at least or up to about 0.58°C / min, at least or up to about 0.59°C / min, at least or up to about 0.6°C / min, at least or up to about 0.61°C / min, at least or up to about 0.62°C / min, at least or up to about 0.63°C / min, at least or up to about 0.64°C / min, at least or up to about 0.65°C / min, at least or up to about 0.66°C / min, at least or up to about 0.67°C / min, at least or up to about 0.68°C / min, at least or up to about 0.69°C / min, at least or up to about 0.7°C / min, at least or up to about 0.71°C / min, at least or up to about 0.72°C / min, at least or up to about 0.73°C / min, at least or up to about 0.74°C / min, at least or up to about 0.75°C / min, at least or up to about 0.76°C / min, at least or up to about 0.77°C / min, at least or up to about 0.78°C / min, at least or up to about0.79°C / min, at least or up to about 0.8°C / min, at least or up to about 0.81°C / min, at least or up to about 0.82°C / min, at least or up to about 0.83°C / min, at least or up to about 0.84°C / min, at least or up to about 0.85°C / min, at least or up to about 0.86°C / min, at least or up to about 0.87°C / min, at least or up to about 0.88°C / min, at least or up to about 0.89°C / min, at least or up to about 0.9°C / min, at least or up to about 0.91°C / min, at least or up to about 0.92°C / min, at least or up to about 0.93°C / min, at least or up to about 0.94°C / min, at least or up to about 0.95°C / min, at least or up to about 0.96°C / min, at least or up to about 0.97°C / min, at least or up to about 0.98°C / min, at least or up to about 0.99°C / min, at least or up to about 1.0°C / min, at least or up to about 1.01°C / min, at least or up to about 1.02°C / min, at least or up to about 1.03°C / min, at least or up to about 1.04°C / min, at least or up to about 1.05°C / min, at least or up to about 1.06°C / min, at least or up to about 1.07°C / min, at least or up to about 1.08°C / min, at least or up to about 1.09°C / min, at least or up to about l. l°C / min, at least or up to about l. l l°C / min, at least or up to about 1.12°C / min, at least or up to about 1.13°C / min, at least or up to about 1.14°C / min, at least or up to about 1.15°C / min, at least or up to about 1.16°C / min, at least or up to about 1.17°C / min, at least or up to about 1.18°C / min, at least or up to about 1.19°C / min, at least or up to about 1.2°C / min, at least or up to about 1.21°C / min, at least or up to about 1.22°C / min, at least or up to about 1.23°C / min, at least or up to about 1.24°C / min, at least or up to about 1.25°C / min, at least or up to about 1.26°C / min, at least or up to about 1.27°C / min, at least or up to about 1.28°C / min, at least or up to about 1.29°C / min, at least or up to about 1.3°C / min, at least or up to about 1.31°C / min, at least or up to about 1.32°C / min, at least or up to about 1.33°C / min, at least or up to about 1.34°C / min, at least or up to about 1.35°C / min, at least or up to about 1.36°C / min, at least or up to about 1.37°C / min, at least or up to about 1.38°C / min, at least or up to about 1.39°C / min, at least or up to about 1.4°C / min, at least or up to about 1.41°C / min, at least or up to about 1.42°C / min, at least or up to about 1.43°C / min, at least or up to about 1.44°C / min, at least or up to about 1.45°C / min, at least or up to about 1.46°C / min, at least or up to about 1.47°C / min, at least or up to about 1.48°C / min, at least or up to about 1.49°C / min, at least or up to about 1.5°C / min, at least or up to about 1.51°C / min, at least or up to about 1.52°C / min, at least or up to about 1.53°C / min, at least or up to about 1.54°C / min, at least or up to about 1.55°C / min, at least or up to about 1.56°C / min, at least or up to about 1.57°C / min, at least or up to about 1.58°C / min, at least or up to about 1.59°C / min, at least or up to about 1.6°C / min, at least or up to about 1.61°C / min, at least orup to about 1.62°C / min, at least or up to about 1.63°C / min, at least or up to about 1.64°C / min, at least or up to about 1.65°C / min, at least or up to about 1.66°C / min, at least or up to about 1.67°C / min, at least or up to about 1.68°C / min, at least or up to about 1.69°C / min, at least or up to about 1.7°C / min, at least or up to about 1.71°C / min, at least or up to about 1.72°C / min, at least or up to about 1.73°C / min, at least or up to about 1.74°C / min, at least or up to about 1.75°C / min, at least or up to about 1.76°C / min, at least or up to about 1.77°C / min, at least or up to about 1.78°C / min, at least or up to about 1.79°C / min, at least or up to about 1.8°C / min, at least or up to about 1.81°C / min, at least or up to about 1.82°C / min, at least or up to about 1.83°C / min, at least or up to about 1.84°C / min, at least or up to about 1.85°C / min, at least or up to about 1.86°C / min, at least or up to about 1.87°C / min, at least or up to about 1.88°C / min, at least or up to about 1.89°C / min, at l...

Claims

CLAIMSWHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A method comprising: providing a control signal for a temperature regulator that is operatively coupled to an article of furniture, wherein the control signal comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to change a temperature of a portion of the article of furniture from an initial temperature to a final temperature over a plurality of incremental temperature changes, wherein the plurality of incremental temperature changes comprises a predetermined number of incremental temperature changes.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the article of furniture is a bed device.

3. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the predetermined number of the plurality of incremental temperature changes comprises at least 2 incremental changes, at least 3 incremental changes, or at least 4 incremental changes.

4. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control signal further comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to maintain the portion of the article of furniture at an average temperature between two adjacent incremental temperature changes of the plurality of incremental temperature changes.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the average temperature is maintained for at least about 10 minutes, at least about 20 minutes, at least about 30 minutes, at least about 60 minutes, or at least about 80 minutes.

6. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the initial temperature is lower than the final temperature.

7. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control signal further comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to set the temperature of the portion of the article of furniture to a bedtime temperature prior to changing the temperature from the initial temperature to the final temperature, wherein the bedtime temperature and the initial temperature are different.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the bedtime temperature is greater than the initial temperature.

9. The method of claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the bedtime temperature, the initial temperature, and the final temperature are (i) provided by a user of the article of furniture or (ii) automatically generated by a computer processor.

10. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of incremental temperature changes is implemented within at most about 60 minutes, at most about 30 minutes, at most about 20 minutes, or at most about 10 minutes of the bedtime.

11. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein a characteristic of the plurality of incremental temperature changes is different for different users, wherein the characteristic comprises (i) the predetermined number or (ii) a target temperature of the article of furniture or a duration thereof between two adjacent incremental changes.

12. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the initial temperature corresponds to a deep sleep temperature.

13. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the final temperature corresponds to a rapid eye movement (REM) sleep temperature.

14. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a portion of the temperature regulator is contained within the portion of the article of furniture.

15. A method compri sing : providing a control signal for a temperature regulator that is operatively coupled to an article of furniture, wherein the control signal comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to sequentially change a temperature of a portion of the article of furniture to each target temperature of a combination of predetermined target temperatures during a single use of the article of furniture by a user, wherein the combination of predetermined target temperatures is determined prior to the single use of the article of furniture by the user, wherein each target temperature of the combination of target temperatures are different from one another, and wherein the combination of target temperatures is selected from a database comprising a plurality of combinations of target temperatures based on one or more members selected from the group consisting of a geolocation of the user, biological sex of the user, and age of the user.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the article of furniture is a bed device.

17. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the combination of predetermined target temperatures comprises at least two different target temperatures or at least three different target temperatures.

18. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the combination of predetermined target temperatures comprises at most five different target temperatures or at most four different target temperatures.

19. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the combination of predetermined target temperatures comprises a bedtime temperature.

20. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the combination of predetermined target temperatures does not comprise a wake-up temperature.

21. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein each combination of the combinations of target predetermined temperatures is different based on the one or more members selected from the group consisting of a geolocation of the user, biological sex of the user, and age of the user.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the one or more members comprises two members or all three members elected from the group consisting of the geolocation of the user, the biological sex of the user, and the age of the user.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein the one or more members comprises the geolocation of the user.

24. The method of claim 21, wherein the one or more members comprises the biological sex of the user.

25. The method of claim 21, wherein the one or more members comprises the age of the user.

26. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising, subsequent to use of the article of furniture by the user based on the combination of the predetermined target temperatures, modifying one or more target temperatures of the combination of predetermined target temperatures, to effect enhanced user experience.

27. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the user is not permitted or recommended to change the combination of predetermined target temperatures for at least one use of the article of furniture, optionally wherein the at least one use comprises at least two uses, at least five uses, or at least seven uses.

28. The method of claim 27, further comprising, subsequent to using the article of furniture based on the combination of target predetermined temperatures for at least one day, permitting the user to modify one or more target temperatures of the combination of target predetermined temperatures via a graphical user interface (GUI) operatively coupled to the article of furniture, to effect enhanced user experience.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the at least one day comprises at least two days, at least five days, or at least seven days.

30. The method of claim 28, wherein the enhanced user experience is enhanced sleep.

31. The method of any one of claims 28-30, wherein the one or more target temperatures of the combination of target predetermined temperatures are changed (i) based on feedback from the user via a graphical user interface (GUI) operatively coupled to the article of furniture or (ii) automatically by a computer processor in absence of any user feedback.

32. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the combination of target predetermined temperatures is provided when the user is using the article of furniture for the first time.

33. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the combination of target predetermined temperatures is provided when an identity of the user is undetermined.

34. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the providing comprises recommending the combination of target predetermined temperatures to the user.

35. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a portion of the temperature regulator is contained within the portion of the article of furniture.

36. A method comprising: providing a control signal for a temperature regulator that is operatively coupled to an article of furniture, wherein the control signal comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to change a temperature of a portion of the article of furniture to a predetermined target temperature during use of the article of furniture by a user, wherein the predetermined target temperature is determined prior to a single use of the article of furniture by the user, wherein the target temperature is determined based on biological sex of the user, such that a first provided temperature for a female user and a second provided temperature for a male user are different.

37. The method of claim 36, wherein the article of furniture is a bed device.

38. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first provided temperature for the female user is greater than the second provided temperature for the male user.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein the first provided temperature for the female user is greater than the second provided temperature for the male user by at least or up to about 1 degree Celsius, at least or up to about 1.5 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 2 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 3 degrees Celsius, at least or up to about 4 degrees Celsius, or at least or up to about 5 degrees Celsius.

40. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the user is the female user, and wherein the predetermined target temperature is determined based on a biological state of the female user, wherein the biological state is women-specific.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein the biological state of the female user comprises one or more members selected from the group consisting of (i) schedule of menstrual cycle, a time within the menstrual cycle, or lack of menstrual cycle, (ii) use or birth control or lack thereof, (iii) menopause or lack thereof, (iv) use of hormonal therapy or lack thereof, (v) pregnancy or lack thereof, (vi) post-partum period, (vii) breast-feeding period, (viii) polycystic ovarian syndrome, (xi) experience of hot flash, and (x) other women-specific conditions or disease.

42. The method of claim 41, wherein the one or more members are provided or selected by the user via a graphical user interface (GUI) operatively coupled to the article of furniture.

43. The method of claim 41, wherein the one or more members comprises two or more members selected from the group consisting of (i)-(ix).

44. The method of claim 41, wherein the predetermined target temperature is selected from a database comprising two or more different target temperatures for two or more members selected from the group consisting of (i)-(ix).

45. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the predetermined target temperature is selected from a database comprising the first provided temperature and the second provided temperature.

46. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising permitting the user to modify the predetermined target temperature via a graphical user interface (GUI) operatively coupled to the article of furniture.

47. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising receiving feedback from the user via a graphical user interface (GUI) operatively coupled to the article of furniture after use of the article of furniture based on the predetermined target temperature, and subsequently modifying the predetermined target temperature based on the feedback.

48. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the biological sex of the user is provided by the user via a graphical user interface (GUI) operatively coupled to the article of furniture.

49. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a portion of the temperature regulator is contained within the portion of the article of furniture.

50. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first provided temperature for a male user during a sleep stage is lower than the first provided temperature for a female user during the sleep stage.

51. A method compri sing :(a) retrieving an input from a user or a user device, wherein the input is indicative of a biological condition of a female individual selected from the group consisting of (i) schedule of menstrual cycle, a time within the menstrual cycle, or lack of menstrual cycle, (ii) use of birth control or lack thereof, (iii) menopause or lack thereof, (iv) use of hormonal therapy or lack thereof, (v) pregnancy or lack thereof, (vi) post-partum period, (vii) breast-feeding period, (viii) polycystic ovarian syndrome, (ix) experience of hot flash, and (x) other women- specific conditions or diseases; and(b) based on the input, providing a control signal for a temperature regulator that is operatively coupled to an article of furniture, wherein the control signal comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to change a temperature of a portion of the article of furniture to a target temperature specific for the biological condition of the female individual, wherein the target temperature is selected from a database comprising a plurality of different target temperatures associated with the plurality of different biological conditions selected from the group consisting of (i)-(x).

52. The method of claim 51, wherein the article of furniture is a bed device.

53. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the target temperature is for enhancing user experience of the user while using the article of furniture.

54. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the target temperature is for enhancing sleep quality of the user during or subsequent to sleeping on the article of furniture at about the target temperature.

55. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the target temperature is for enhancing a health condition of the user during or subsequent to during or subsequent to sleeping on the article of furniture at about the target temperature.

56. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the input is provided by the user via a graphical user interface (GUI) of a user device that is operatively coupled to the article of furniture.

57. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the biological condition of the female individual comprises a plurality of members selected from the group consisting of (i)-(x).

58. The method of any one of the preceding claims, the instruction is for the temperature regulator to change the temperature of the portion of the article of furniture to the target temperature (i) for a predetermined duration of time and / or (ii) at a predetermined time.

59. The method of claim 58, wherein the predetermined period of time is retrieved from the database.

60. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising permitting the user to modify the target temperature specific for the biological condition of the female individual via a graphical user interface (GUI) of a user device operatively coupled to the article of furniture, and storing the modified target temperature in a database operatively coupled to the article of furniture.

61. The method of claim 60, further comprising (i) receiving a feedback from the user via a graphical user interface (GUI) of a user device operatively coupled to the article of furniture subsequent to the user’s use of the article of furniture at the target temperature, and (ii) automatically modifying the target temperature based on the feedback for the user’s future use of the article of furniture.

62. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein a biological sex of the user is provided by the user via a graphical user interface (GUI) of a user device operatively coupled to the article of furniture.

63. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a portion of the temperature regulator is contained within the portion of the article of furniture.

64. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the article of furniture further comprises a sensor disclosed in a surface of the article of furniture.

65. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the biological condition of the female individual is a schedule of a menstrual cycle, a time within the menstrual cycle, or a lack of a menstrual cycle.

66. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the biological condition of the female individual is use of birth control or lack thereof.

67. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the biological condition of the female individual is menopause or lack thereof.

68. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the biological condition of the female individual is use of hormonal therapy or lack thereof.

69. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the biological condition of the female individual is pregnancy or lack thereof.

70. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the biological condition of the female individual is post-partum period.

71. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the biological condition of the female individual is breast-feeding period.

72. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the biological condition of the female individual is polycystic ovarian syndrome.

73. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the biological condition of the female individual is experience of hot flashes.

74. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the biological condition of the female individual is other women-specific conditions or diseases.

75. A method compri sing :(a) receiving a plurality of data points of a biological signal of a user, wherein the plurality of data points is collected over time;(b) analyzing the plurality of data points to determine a time or an estimated time when a sign of a rate of change of a temperature of the user becomes different; and(c) based on the determining, providing a control signal for a temperature regulator that is operatively coupled to an article of furniture, wherein the control signal comprises an instruction to change an operation of the temperature regulator for regulating a temperature of a portion of the article of furniture.

76. The method of claim 75, wherein the article of furniture is a bed device.

77. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of data points is collected over time while the user is using the article of furniture.

78. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the biological signal is not a temperature of the user, optionally wherein the biological signal is a heart signal.

79. The method of any one of claims 75-77, wherein the biological signal is a temperature of the user.

80. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the analyzing occurs substantially in real-time after the receiving of the plurality of data points.

81. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the determining occurs substantially in real-time after the analyzing.

82. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the providing occurs substantially in real-time after the determining.

83. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the time or the estimated time is when a negative rate of change becomes a positive rate of change, or vice versa.

84. The method of any one of claims 75-82, wherein the time or the estimated time is when a positive or negative rate of change becomes substantially zero, or vice versa.

85. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the time or the estimated time is when a core temperature nadir (or a circadian rhythm temperature) of the user occur or is predicted to occur.

86. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of data points is measured by a sensor, optionally wherein the sensor is (i) a part of a user device that the user is wearing or (ii) a part of the article of furniture.

87. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the instruction directs the temperature regulator to change the temperature of the portion of the article of furniture.

88. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the instruction comprises a future time when the temperature regulator is to change the temperature of the portion of the article of furniture.

89. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the instruction comprises a change in a duration of time that the temperature regulator is to maintain the temperature of the portion of the article of furniture substantially constant before changing the temperature of the portion of the article of furniture.

90. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature regulator is configured to change the temperature of the portion of the article of furniture from an initial temperature to a final temperature over a plurality of incremental temperature changes, and wherein the instruction comprises a change in a condition of the plurality of incremental temperature changes.

91. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a portion of the temperature regulator is contained within the portion of the article of furniture.

92. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the method is a computer- implemented method.

93. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the instruction is generated via an artificial intelligence algorithm or a machine learning algorithm.

94. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control signal comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to change a temperature of a portion of the articleof furniture to a predetermined target temperature during use of the article of furniture by the user.

95. The method of claim 94, wherein the predetermined target temperature is determined prior to a single use of the article of furniture by the user.

96. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the control signal comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to change a temperature of a portion of the article of furniture from an initial temperature to a final temperature over a plurality of incremental temperature changes.

97. The method of claim 96, wherein the plurality of incremental temperature changes comprises a predetermined number of incremental temperature changes.

98. A method comprising: providing a control signal for a temperature regulator that is operatively coupled to an article of furniture, wherein the control signal comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to sequentially change a temperature of a portion of the article of furniture to each target temperature of a combination of target temperatures during use of the article of furniture by a user, wherein each target temperature of the combination of target temperatures are different from one another, and wherein the combination of target temperatures is selected from a database comprising a plurality of combinations of target temperatures based on one or more members selected from the group consisting of a geolocation of the user, biological sex of the user, and age of the user, wherein the user is not permitted to change the combination of target temperatures for at least one use of the article of furniture.

99. The method of claim 98, wherein the article of furniture is a bed device.

100. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the combination of target temperatures comprises at least two different target temperatures or at least three different target temperatures.

101. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the combination of target temperatures comprises at most five different target temperatures or at most four different target temperatures.

102. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the combination of target temperatures comprises a bedtime temperature.

103. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the combination of target temperatures does not comprise a wake-up temperature.

104. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein each combination of the combinations of target temperatures is different based on the one or more members selected from the group consisting of a geolocation of the user, biological sex of the user, and age of the user.

105. The method of claim 104, wherein the one or more members comprises two members or all three members elected from the group consisting of the geolocation of the user, the biological sex of the user, and the age of the user.

106. The method of claim 104 or claim 105, wherein the one or more members comprises the geolocation of the user.

107. The method of claim 104 or claim 105, wherein the one or more members comprises the biological sex of the user.

108. The method of claim 104 or claim 105, wherein the one or more members comprises the age of the user.

109. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising, subsequent to use of the article of furniture by the user based on the combination of the target temperatures, modifying one or more target temperatures of the combination of target temperatures, to effect enhanced user experience.

110. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the user is not permitted to change the combination of target temperatures for at least three uses.

111. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the user is not permitted to change the combination of target temperatures for at least five uses.

112. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the user is not permitted to change the combination of target temperatures for at least seven uses.

113. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising, subsequent to using the article of furniture based on the combination of target temperatures for the at least one use, permitting the user to modify one or more target temperatures of the combination of target temperatures via a graphical user interface (GUI) operatively coupled to the article of furniture, to effect enhanced user experience.

114. The method of claim 113, wherein the enhanced user experience is enhanced sleep.

115. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more target temperatures of the combination of target temperatures are changed (i) based on feedbackfrom the user via a graphical user interface (GUI) operatively coupled to the article of furniture or (ii) automatically by a computer processor in absence of any user feedback.

116. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the combination of target temperatures is provided when the user is using the article of furniture for the first time.

117. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the combination of target temperatures is provided when an identity of the user is undetermined.

118. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the providing comprises recommending the combination of target temperatures to the user.

119. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a portion of the temperature regulator is contained within the portion of the article of furniture.

120. A method comprising:(a) determining a target temperature of at least a portion a bed device; and(b) sending an instruction to a temperature regulator coupled to the bed device, wherein the instruction is for the temperature regulator to subject at least a portion of the bed device to a plurality of temperature fluctuation cycles, wherein a temperature fluctuation cycle of the plurality comprises (i) a temperature increase and (ii) a temperature decrease, wherein an average temperature of the at least the portion of the bed device over a duration of the plurality is not different than the target temperature by more than 5 degrees Celsius.

121. The method of claim 120, wherein the average temperature is not different than the target temperature by more than 2 degrees Celsius.

122. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature increase is by at least about 0.5 degrees Celsius.

123. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature decrease is by at least about 0.5 degrees Celsius.

124. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the duration is at most about 30 minutes.

125. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality comprises at least 5 temperature fluctuation cycles.

126. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality comprises at least 10 temperature fluctuation cycles.

127. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the target temperature is associated with a sleep phase of a user of the bed device.

128. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising, in (a), determining a target duration of time during which to set a temperature of the at least the portion of the bed device to about the target temperature.

129. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature regulator is capable of directing a fluid that is temperature regulated on or adjacent to the at least the portion of the bed device, wherein the instruction is for the temperature regulator to (i) subject the fluid to the plurality of temperature fluctuation cycles and (ii) direct the fluid to the at least the portion of the bed device.

130. The method of claim 129, wherein the fluid is liquid.

131. The method of claim 129, wherein the fluid is air.

132. A method compri sing : receiving input from a user of an article of furniture, based on the input from the user, providing a control signal for a temperature regulator that is operatively coupled to the article of furniture, wherein the control signal comprises an instruction for the temperature regulator to adjust a temperature of at least a portion of the article of furniture from a predetermined temperature profile to a preset temperature in real time to adjust the current temperature of the article of furniture.

133. The method of claim 132, wherein the input from the user is provided via a graphical user interface (GUI).

134. The method of claim 133, wherein the GUI is present on a user device.

135. The method of claim 132, wherein the input from the user is provided via one or more sensors disposed in the article of furniture.

136. The method of claim 135, wherein the one or more sensors are disposed in the top of the article of furniture.

137. The method of claim 135, wherein the one or more sensors detects an increase in a body temperature of the user.

138. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the input provided is that the user is having a hot flash.

139. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the predetermined temperature profile is stored in a database.

140. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the preset temperature is preprogrammed by the user prior to use of the article of furniture.

141. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the article of furniture remains at the preset temperature for at least about 30 minutes.

142. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the article of furniture remains at the present temperature for at least about 60 minutes.

143. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the temperature of the at least the portion of the article of furniture is adjusted to the preset temperature at a rate of at most about 10°C / min.

144. The method of any one of the preceding claims, comprising:(a) directing a temperature regulator to maintain the temperature of the at least the portion of an article of furniture substantially at a target temperature based on the predetermined temperature profile for the article of furniture, the predetermined temperature profile comprising the target temperature;(b) while the at least the portion of the article of furniture is maintained substantially at the target temperature, receiving the input from the user; and(c) based on the input, providing the control signal to the temperature regulator, the control signal comprising the instruction to change the temperature of the article of furniture to the preset temperature, wherein the target temperature and the present temperature are different.

145. The method of claim 144, wherein the instruction is to change the temperature of the article of furniture to the preset temperature transiently for a predetermined duration of time.

146. The method of claim 145, wherein the predetermined duration of time is less than about 30 minutes, less than about 20 minutes, or less than about 10 minutes.

147. The method of claim 145, further comprising, subsequent to (c), directing the temperature regulator to regulate the temperature of the at least the portion of the article of furniture based on the predetermined temperature profile.

148. The method of claim 147, further comprising, subsequent to (c), directing the temperature regulator to change the temperature of the at least the portion of the article of furniture back to the target temperature.

149. The method of claim 147, further comprising, subsequent to (c), directing the temperature regulator to change the temperature of the at least the portion of the article of furniture to an additional target temperature of the predetermined temperature profile.

150. The method of any one of preceding claims, wherein the preset temperature and the target temperature are different by at least about 0.5 degrees Celsius (°C), at least about 1 °C, at least about 2 °C, at least about 3 °C, at least about 4 °C, at least about 5 °C, or more.

151. The method of any one of claims 132-149, wherein the preset temperature and the target temperature are different by at most about 5 °C, at most about 4 °C, at most about 3 °C, at most about 2 °C, at most about 1 °C, at most about 0.5 °C, or less.

152. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the preset temperature is predetermined and stored in a database prior to (a).

153. A system comprising one or more computer processors and computer memory coupled thereto, the computer memory comprising a machine executable code that, upon execution by the one or more computer processors, implements the method of any one of the preceding claims.

154. The system of claim 153, further comprising the article of furniture.

155. The system of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising the temperature regulator of any one of the preceding claims.

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