Digital dental handpiece with operatory field annotation and improved cooling mechanism

Abstract

The present invention relates to medical devices for dental practices. The invention develops a smart high speed dental handpiece used for cutting into the hard structures of the teeth for different d

Description

[0001] TITLE OF THE INVENTION: DIGITAL DENTAL HANDPIECE WITH OPERATORY FIELD ANNOTATION AND IMPROVED COOLING MECHANISM

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION:

[0003] The present invention relates in general to Medical Devices, particularly relates to medical devices for dental practices. The invention develops a smart high speed dental handpiece used for cutting into the hard structures of the teeth for different dental treatments intended to improve the overall quality of treatment with less fatigue to the operating dental professionals.

[0004] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:

[0005] Due to the increase in the aging population, there is a very high number of patients in India requiring crown and bridge treatment. This treatment involves tooth preparation with a dental handpiece. During tooth preparation, damage to adjacent teeth is the most common iatrogenic mishap due to limited operatory space and a single line of vision for treatment.

[0006] In the United States, there are more than 15 million patients who have undergone crown or bridge treatment for missing or damaged teeth, and the number is increasing rapidly. With such a large number of procedures performed annually, it is important that dental professionals maintain the highest standard of accuracy and safety to avoid failures. The dental handpiece is used by dental professionals of all specialties and as per DCI official data there are approximately 300,000 dental professionals practicing in India

[0007] Dental handpiece is a hollow tubular structure. The dental headpiece is a sophisticated combination of precision parts moving in perfect synchronization at extremely high speed. The headpiece is a device that requires diligent maintenance protocol to keep it running properly and safely. Handpiece should deliver smooth powerful cut that allows the clinician to remove tooth structure in an efficient manner with little discomfort. A stainless-steel tubing is used to flow pressurized air to rotate turbine. Such an arrangement can rotate the turbine with high speed of 200,000 to 370,000 RPM. To prevent overheating of cutting bur another stainless tube is used to direct water as a coolant.

[0008] For the ease of understanding in the subsequent discussion the dental handpiece is divided into head, body and tail part. Head is the cylindrical structure on the top of body where rotating cutting tool that is dental drill is attached. Body of the handpiece is a tubular structure containing tubings for compressed air and water. Also, it is the part which is modified in different inventions. Tail of the handpiece is consisting of threaded spirals at its end to attach with dental chair unit and has opening for compressed air and water.

[0009] In the medical field, including dentistry visualization of the operatory field is always a challenge for the healthcare professionals. In the subsequent discussion, the operatory field refers to the area or site of body where any treatment either inspection or procedure is being performed. The problem of visualizing the operatory field that is the oral cavity or mouth, is the most common problem encountered and reported by practicing dental professionals.

[0010] Dental handpieces can be either air-driven or electric motor driven that is coupled to a shaft by gears and burs (the part that performs actual cutting). The invention focuses on air driven handpiece since it is the most commonly used for different dental treatments. Dental treatments require a high degree of precision with limited working space i.e., the oral cavity. Also, dental treatment can be done only from one direction. Due to these constraints, the incidence of damage to adjacent teeth is very high.

[0011] To offer predictive treatment and gain visibility in the operatory field, dental professionals maintain awkward and restricted postures for prolonged periods. Prolonged, repeated, awkward, constrained, and asymmetric postures can overload tissues by exceeding their thresholds of tolerable stress, causing injury and resulting in musculoskeletal problems.

[0012] When comparing different dental treatments, tooth preparation cutting of enamel and dentin requires a high degree of accuracy. Tooth preparation is done using high speed Dental Handpiece. Also, most dentists prepare teeth using direct vision and are forced to adopt abnormal postures that twist the upper part of the body, especially while using high speed dental handpieces. Direct vision in dentistry refers to directly visualizing the area of operation, while many times an indirect vision is used, using dental mirrors to improve the vision and work with better posture during the procedure. However, many dental professionals find it difficult to work with indirect vision while using high speed dental handpieces with water coolant. Hence, they are forced to adopt the poor working postures. The working postures also refers to ergonomics in dentistry.

[0013] The available solutions to improve visualization of the operatory field and ergonomics includes dental loupes and Dental operating microscope. Both available solutions offer magnification but cannot be used efficiently while using such highspeed dental handpieces because of formation of mist of water around the cutting area, used as a coolant. Other available solutions are intra-oral cameras that can be used to inspect or visualize the operating field in between the procedure but cannot be used while operating with dental handpieces.

[0014] Visualization cannot be achieved without adequate illumination of the operatory field. To illuminate the operatory field the newer high speed dental handpieces come with light emitting diode located at the head of handpiece. The light derives energy from dynamo, which generates current from air used to rotate the turbine. Hence the light glows when the device reaches the maximum speed and dims out in between the progressive steps during the procedure.

[0015] Despite high technological advancement, the dental professionals still struggle to diagnose the disease states and decide a treatment plan. This is due to the fact that many oral structures are very minute, and their resemblance varies in different disease states, lack of visualization adds to the severity. Also, there is no such software which can accurately annotate or label for different classification of oral disease states includes both hard and soft tissue diseases, and anatomical structures to aid in the diagnosing and further treatment planning for the patient. This indicates the scope of technological advancement in the related area using the latest artificial intelligence technique.

[0016] In the changing technological trends such captured data can be stored, processed and further utilized for educational and training purposes. Also, the live demonstration of the ongoing dental procedure can be projected to a large audience in real time. Such data can also be utilized for any medico-legal purposes if required. The data offers a reach source to further retrain the algorithm and can be used in dental robotics.

[0017] Hence, there is a need to develop a digital dental handpiece which is a smart high speed dental handpiece addresses all the above problems discussed above. Smart technology that can improve visibility, illuminate the operating area, gives the high- definition video output of the operating field and improved working posture among dental professionals. Also, the operatory field output has 3X-5X magnification factor, which is considered to be optimal for most of the dental operatory procedures. The invention also relates with the improved cooling mechanism and demonstrated its practical use in conjunction with the use of image recognition system. The captured data by the device is analyzed and image segmentation is done to annotate anatomical structures in the operatory field in the image processing software thereby improving the treatment outcome, data for education and training, medico-legal purposes and advance artificial intelligence applications.

[0018] RELEVANT PATENT SEARCH: In recent years, dental cutting tools with integrated camera or optical assembly to visualize into the oral cavity have been proposed and developed.

[0019] As in AU2013223283, GC Corporation Motoyama, Osamu offers visualization of the operatory field but the assembly is attached to the existing dental handpiece. The solution is cost-effective but its use in limited space is difficult and can compromise with the grip of the handpiece thereby can affect the accuracy of the procedure. The proposed invention does not alter the main design of the body of the handpiece, hence can offer predictable treatment outcomes.

[0020] As in, US 2015 / 0222856 Al, a device is disclosed in which handpiece with built in camera and with 2 embodiments configured for micromotor type and air-turbine driven type is integrated with camera. The invention used 320x240 CMOS sensor, thereby not able to output high-definition images of the operatory field. In their another disclosure, JP A 956730 camera window handpiece with built in antifogging function uses the air curtain effect for anti-fogging mechanism having challenges during manufacturing process.

[0021] In the case of JPH0956730A a plurality of observation openings is used and further processed as a single screen. This differs with the present invention wherein only a single optical input is used and processed to get high-definition video output. JPH0956730A and US 5049070 a quick-disconnect type of handpiece is used with no antifogging mechanism. This potentially limits the practical utility of the invention.

[0022] In few other disclosures, for example- WO2004112638A and W02019003408A1 a camera module is attached on the tip of the handpiece described as a head in present disclosure, both differs significantly with the present invention where camera sensor is disposed into the video camera adapter as described in the detailed description.

[0023] Similarly, in W02009148044A1 in the image pickup module having an image pickup element and an installing unit to detachably install the image pickup module in the dental treatment instrument in such a way that the image pickup module is positioned on the bottom of the head unit and in such a posture that the image pickup axis is in substantially parallel with the rotation axis of the rotary shaping tool. However, in the present invention the image recognition angle is set to 80° to the log axis of the cutting tip of the dental drill.

[0024] An Indian patent application 202241018632 related to an airotor handpiece with an intraoral camera is reported. There are no disclosures on dental handpieces with visualization and improved cooling mechanism as well as its Al application in the field of dentistry.

[0025] OBJECTIVES OF INVENTION:

[0026] The main object of the present invention is to develop an intelligent technology that can improve visibility and working posture among dental professionals.

[0027] Another objective is to provide a high-speed dental handpiece with an integrated camera and light source, where outputs can be displayed over separate screens.

[0028] Another objective is to provide a predictive treatment and improved visibility to the operatory field to help the dental professional to work for longer hours without developing musculoskeletal disorders.

[0029] Another objective is to provide dental handpiece with latest Al technology to assist the dental professionals with annotations of the dental operatory field for different anatomical structures and disease states.

[0030] Another objective is to provide dental handpiece which is feasible, user friendly and cost effective.

[0031] Another objective is to provide a dental handpiece which can be easily integrated with the existing dental units with further scope for upgradation of the device.

[0032] Further, the invention provides the scope of future upgradation with just changing the next version of optical inserts, subsequently developed by the inventors.

[0033] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0034] The inventors with their invention address the problem of visibility during the dental operatory procedures and poor ergonomics while using high speed dental handpieces. The inventors with their invention relates to the modularity of the device, cost effective and easy integration with the exiting dental units with further scope for upgradation of the device. The invent in a way is describes as a smart device.

[0035] The one embodiment of the present invention relates to a digital dental handpiece which is a smart high speed dental handpiece use to cut inside the hard structure of teeth during different dental operatory procedures. The invention characterizes an image recognition system that illuminates the operatory field, processes a magnified high-definition video output on to the monitor, the video output displayed in the software has annotations or labelling with deep learning algorithm for different anatomical structures and disease stated, efficient and simple antifogging mechanism, improved multijet multidirectional water-cooling system and method of use thereof. The invention also relates to an artificial intelligence model for annotating the dental operatory field for different anatomical structures, medical conditions and disease states including but not limited to dental caries, mucormycosis, broken teeth, gingivitis, tartar, ulcers.

[0036] A digital Dental Handpiece comprising, a dental handpiece, an optical insert and a video camera adapter wherein the dental handpiece is divided into three parts a head, a body and a tail, wherein the body angled at 170° along the long axis to aid in positioning of the dental handpiece under direct vision and reach out the posterior / back parts of the mouth, the head, positioned at 90° onto the body of the said dental handpiece, providing space for air-turbine for the rotatory cutting dental drill and the tail of the said dental handpiece configured with a mechanical locking mechanism with O ring for secure connection with the optical insert of the said digital dental handpiece.

[0037] The optical insert is a long tubular rod which houses optical assembly. At the tip of the optical insert a circular ring of LED light source in disposed to illuminate the operatory field. The LED light source operated on direct current form the battery source integrated in the video camera adapter part of the invention. This will be described further. Heat resistant electrical wire carries electric current to the LED light source disposed along the length of the optical insert. At the tip of optical insert, a right-angled prism or mirror is positioned so that it is at 80° to the long axis of the cutting drill, with imaging bundle or series of rod lens to transmit the reflected light from the operatory field to the camera sensor through condensing lens with optical magnification factor of 3x to 5x. Hence the reflected light from the operatory field can be easily transmitted to camera sensor for display of high-definition video output, making the digital dental handpiece of high practical value.

[0038] The another embodiment of the present invention is to provide a dental handpiece with a multijet multidirectional cooling system to effectively cool the cutting drill to protect the tooth from thermal damage. A multidirectional water jetting system with improved cooling mechanism and antifogging system in a digital dental handpiece comprising, a plurality of holes at the front side of the head of a dental handpiece, such that two holes positioned on either sides of the central rotation axis and third hole is positioned at the top of the central rotation axis; wherein the openings of the three holes are directed at different levels along the length of the rotating cutting drill, thus effectively dissipating the heat generated during the high speed cutting procedures. The another embodiment of the present invention is to provide an imaging system configured for real time image segmentation and annotating the operatory field for different anatomical structures and disease states and medical conditions comprising, a cutting tool integrated with dental handpiece enables real-time visualization and precise localization of operatory field to assist the dentist during dental procedures, a video adapter to receive the original videos and images of the operatory field, a data processing unit to process the video received from video adapter by using artificial intelligence (Al), and a monitor to display video and images, a report is created.

[0039] Another embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method of predicting disease state by Al model comprising the step of, identifying the anatomical location of the operatory field, selecting the relevant disease from plurality of models which can give a relevant and accurate diagnostic decision, Clinical Validation of the artificial intelligence models is maintained through a plurality of models.

[0040] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:

[0041] The above and still further features and advantages of embodiments of the present invention will become apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description of embodiments thereof, especially when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and wherein:

[0042] Figure 1 is a plan side view of the digital dental handpiece with improved cooling mechanism

[0043] Figure 2 is a plan front view of the digital dental handpiece with improved cooling mechanism

[0044] Figure 3 is a modified cross-sectional side view of the digital dental handpiece with improved cooling mechanism so that all the important structures are shown in one plane.

[0045] Figure 4 is a modified cross sectional front view of the digital dental handpiece with improved cooling mechanism so that all the important structures are shown in one plane.

[0046] Figure 5 is the inferior view of the digital dental handpiece with improved cooling mechanism Figure 6 is the plan side view of the optical insert into the said digital dental handpiece.

[0047] Figure 7 is the schematic cross-sectional side view of the optical insert into the said digital dental handpiece.

[0048] Figure 8 is the schematic cross-sectional front view of the optical insert into the said digital dental handpiece.

[0049] Figure 9 is a plan top view of the optical insert into the said digital dental handpiece.

[0050] Figure 10 is a plan bottom view of the optical insert into the said digital dental handpiece.

[0051] Figure 11 is a plan side view of the video camera adapter to be attached onto the optical insert of the said digital dental handpiece.

[0052] Figure 12 is a modified cross sectional side view of the video camera adapter to be attached onto the optical insert of the said digital dental handpiece, so that so that all the important structures are shown in one plane.

[0053] Figure 13 is the cross-sectional view of condensing lens with CMOS sensor integrated inside the video camera adaptor to be attached onto the optical insert of the said digital dental handpiece.

[0054] Figure 14 is a plan top view of the video camera adapter to be attached onto the optical insert of the said digital dental handpiece.

[0055] Figure 15 is a perspective view of the assembly of all the part that are the handpiece, optical insert and the video camera adapter of the said digital dental handpiece.

[0056] Figure 16 is an illustration of the high-definition output of operatory field with annotation or labelling of the anatomical structures provided by the said digital dental handpiece

[0057] Figure 17 is an illustration of integration of digital dental handpiece and pathway for electrical signal transmission in practical applications.

[0058] Figure 18 is an illustration of integration of digital dental handpiece and pathway for electrical signal transmission in practical applications.

[0059] Figure 19 is a flow diagram for image sequence with segmentation map.

[0060] Figure 20 is a flow diagram for working of Al model for segmentation mapping

[0061] Figure 21 is a flow diagram for Al model to predict disease states. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] The following description includes the preferred best mode of one embodiment of the present invention. It will be clear from this description of the invention that the invention is not limited to these illustrated embodiments but that the invention also includes a variety of modifications and embodiments thereto. Therefore, the present description should be seen as illustrative and not limiting. While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, it should be understood, that there is no intention to limit the invention to the specific form disclosed, but, on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims.

[0063] In any embodiment described herein, the open-ended terms "comprising," "comprises,” and the like (which are synonymous with "including," "having” and "characterized by") may be replaced by the respective partially closed phrases "consisting essentially of," consists essentially of," and the like or the respective closed phrases "consisting of," "consists of, the like.

[0064] As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” designate both the singular and the plural, unless expressly stated to designate the singular only.

[0065] Accordingly, the present invention provides a high-speed dental handpiece with an integrated camera and light source, where outputs can be displayed over separate screens, used for predictive treatment, and improved visibility to the operatory field.

[0066] The Digital Dental Handpiece with operatory field annotation and improved cooling mechanism referred to as the invention will be described in detail.

[0067] Fig. 1 to 5 disclose the different views of the digital dental handpiece with improved cooling mechanism. For better understanding, the present Digital Dental Handpiece is divided into three parts namely, the dental handpiece with housing for optical insert and improved cooling mechanism at the head, the optical insert and the video camera adapter as discussed below:

[0068] 1. The dental handpiece with housing 01 is a hollow long tubular structure made up of surgical grade stainless steel which is the actual part encountering the oral cavity and structures. The handpiece 01 is divided into head Ola, body 01b and tail part 01c. Head is the distal portion of the said dental handpiece while tail is the proximal part and body lies in between the head and tail part of the said dental handpiece. The tail part 01c of the said dental handpiece has a mechanical connection 16 (Figure 3, 4 & 5) with O-ring to get securely attach with the base of optical insert 02 of the said digital dental handpiece. The proximal outer surface of tail part 01c is machined with serrations at the proximal outer surface 07 for firm grip while attaching the handpiece with the video camera adapter of the said digital dental handpiece. The tail part of the said dental handpiece have opening 15 for the optical insert 15a and stainless-steel tubes projecting out to few millimeters, includes a bigger tube 08 for compressed air which is used to drive the air turbine 14 during operation and smaller tube 09 for compressed water used in improved cooling mechanism of the said digital dental handpiece.

[0069] This body part 01b is hollow tubular in shape. Dental professionals hold the dental handpiece at the body part of the dental handpiece while operating. Hence, the surface is machined for firm grip 06 and manureability during the operation into the mouth of the patient. The body part of the said dental handpiece is angled at 170° in the middle to provide easy reach of the dental handpiece to the posterior or back parts of the mouth and is allows the dental professional to precisely orient the dental handpiece by changing the path of direct visualization before starting the procedure. The body part of the said dental handpiece houses a hollow cavity 15 for the passage of optical insert of the said digital dental handpiece. The hollow cavity is so designed that is ends near the base of head la on front side of the said dental handpiece. It also houses stainless steel tubing for compress air 08 and compressed water 09. The air tubing 08 bifurcates in the middle part of the said dental handpiece providing 2 channels 08a & 08b. 08a channel provides maximum amount is air to rotate the air turbine and end in the base of the head Ola of the said dental handpiece. The second channel 08b continues and ends above the opening of the housing 15 for optical insert in oval fashion 05 placed horizontally. Illustration in the figure 1-4 with 5a and 5b will be described in further description.

[0070] The head part Ola is the most distal part of the said dental handpiece and place at 90° onto the body of the said dental handpiece. The head part has a hollow cavity for air turbine 14, which rotates at high-speed using the compressed air and it is the place where commercially available rotating cutting dental drills 13 is attached. The head part of the said dental handpiece provide to dispose both push button and chuck or collet type of cartridges 14. Also, with standard, mini and super torque head sizes. Onto the front side of the head of the said dental handpiece, disposes a circular cavity 10 connected to the compressed water tubing 09 for water jetting. The circular cavity is covered with a screw type stainless steel cover 10a, with three openings I la, 11b, 11c for the jetting of compressed water to cool the rotating dental drill. The openings I la and l ie are place onto the right and left sides of the rotating central axis respectively and 1 lb is placed on to the top of the rotating central axis of the said dental handpiece. The openings are directed in the centre of the rotation axis at different levels as shown in the figure 16. This arrangement is referred to as the multijet multidirectional water jetting system and have improved cooling of the rotating high-speed cutting drill. The water jetting system of the said dental handpiece also removes the debris from the operating site during operation and do not create the mist due to aerosol formation around the head portion of the said dental handpiece. The circular covering 10a can be removed easily using a specially designed tool for further cleaning and maintenance of the said dental handpiece.

[0071] The dental handpiece of the said digital dental handpiece can be removed from the rest of the assembly and can be subjected to heat sterilization by autoclaving as directed by the Centre of Disease Control Standard Operating Protocol, at temperatures above 130° and 15 psi pressure for sterilization and subsequent clinical use.

[0072] An antifogging mechanism 05 fix at the base of the head Ola which include 05a, a second opening from the air tubing 08 of the said dental handpiece, it exits at the body of the said dental handpiece at the base of head on front side in oval fashion placed horizontally. It directs the compress air to remove the water droplets coming in the direct way of visualization during the operation and a glass cover 05b with hydrophilic coating of titanium oxide, so that during the first operation a thin layer of water film gets collected onto the glass covering, thereby preventing further fogging of the optical insert during the operation. The titanium oxide coating is biocompatible and do not have any reported adverse reaction with the vital structures of the human body. Also, the coating is cost effective and easy to manufacture and subsequently of great practical value in the present invention.

[0073] 2. The optical insert 02 is the middle part between the dental handpiece 01 and the video camera adapter 03 of the said digital dental handpiece. The optical insert provided in the invention is a modular assemble and provides scope for further upgradation in technology as developed by the inventors, offering a unique cost- effective method of future development and integration the existing system. This part of the invention provides two embodiments for the optical inserts of the said digital dental handpiece.

[0074] 2a. Embodiment 1 of the optical insert of the said dental handpiece:

[0075] This embodiment of the said optical insert 02 is configured with imaging optical bundle or rod lenses 15b in the central part along the length of the said optical insert of the digital dental handpiece. The distal part is connected to the right-angled prism 26 arrange at 80° to the long axis of rotating cutting dental drill 13. A wide-angle prism of approximately 4mm is used with the adjusted focal length of 10 to 15 mm. Thus, providing a closer view of the operatory field. Right angle prisms are generally used to bend image paths or redirect light at 90°.

[0076] These lenses can also be coated with anti-reflective coating for improved visualization. The prism can be attached to the imaging optical bundle or rod lenses in such a fashion that finishing angle of the imaging bundle is at right angle to the long axis of the fibres, so as to transmit the maximum amount of reflected light from the operatory field into the condensing lens 24 in the video camera adapter of the said digital dental handpiece.

[0077] The imaging optical bundle or rod lenses is disposed into the 15a of optical insert with quality image area of 5mm x 5 mm, coherent optical bundles with numerical aperture of 0.60 and 45 Ip / mm resolution.

[0078] At the tip of the said optical insert of the digital dental handpiece provides a LED light source 21 circularly arranged around the prism. The LED light source is a ring type arrangement enclosed within the hermetic sealed chamber making is resistant to chemical disinfectants. The source has color temperature CT: 3000-6000K cold white light), operates at direct current <700mA and 3.4V, 8mm in diameter and 2 mm in height. The LED light source id connected to a heat-resistant copper wiring disposed at the channel 20 on optical insert of the said dental handpiece.

[0079] The long tubular optical insert of the said digital dental handpiece has base 19 at its proximal end. At the top face of the base of the said optical insert has cylindrical opening 8a and 8b for tubings for compressed air and water respectively. It also provides a channel for passage of electrical wiring to the LED light source. At the periphery of the base of the said optical insert there is a mechanical locking joint 17 which connects with the dental handpiece of the said digital dental handpiece. Into the sides of the base of said optical insert there are spiral threads 18 that allows the video camera adapter to secure together while in operation. At the bottom face of the base of the optical insert, along with the channels 8a & 9a there is a connector socket 23, thereof connecting with the corresponding connecting pins 23 a for transmission of electric current to the LED light source from DC battery source 29 disposed into the video adapter of the said dental handpiece.

[0080] 2b. Embodiment 2 of the optical insert of the said dental handpiece:

[0081] This embodiment of the said optical insert 02 is configured with CMOS sensor camera module located directly at the tip of said optical insert of the said digital dental handpiece in the central part along the length of the said optical insert of the digital dental handpiece at angle of at 80° to the long axis of rotating cutting dental drill 13.

[0082] According to the embodiment 2 of the said optical insert, the long tubular part 15a provides channel for the passage of electrical wiring for the CMOS sensor camera module and LED light source thereof. Further in this type of embodiment of the said optical insert the camera sensor module disposed within the video camera adapter in not present providing extra space for battery source for longer operation time.

[0083] The provided embodiment 2 of the said optical insert of the said digital dental handpiece further reduces the associated cost, easy maintenance and yet high- definition output of the operatory field.

[0084] The description of remaining parts if the embodiment 2 of the said optical insert is same as the embodiment 1 of the said optical insert provided in the digital dental handpiece.

[0085] It is further highlighted that the part 2 that is the optical insert of the said digital dental handpiece can be upgrading in future with latest technology offered and developed by the inventors.

[0086] 3. The video camera adapter 03 is the most proximal part of the said digital dental handpiece. It provides enclosure for the CMOS sensor camera module assembly 28, tubings for compressed, air 8b and water 9b and a rechargeable battery source 29.

[0087] A cylindrical ring 24 is attached to the video camera adapter with a mechanical locking mechanism 24a, wherein the cylindrical ring can be rotated to secure at the base of the optical insert of the said digital dental handpiece. Its outer surface is machined similarly to the tail part of the dental handpiece 01.

[0088] The video camera adapter enclosed a CMOS sensor camera module assembly 28. The assembly has magnifying plano-convex condensing lens 24 placed onto the CMOS sensor 25. It receives the reflected light from the optical insert 15a of the said digital dental handpiece. It is configured to magnify the operatory image by 3x- 5x factor. This aids in better visualization, improved diagnosing power to the dental professionals and better treatment outcomes.

[0089] The condensing lens is attached on to the CMOS camera sensor module 25, which collects the light and further converts it into electrical signal to be processed and displayed onto the monitor 33. The compact CMOS camera sensor module 25 can record full 1080p HD video at 30 frames per second (fps) or 720p HD video at 60 fps to ensure clear scene reproduction with minimal motion artifacts. The sensor supports interlaced high dynamic range (HDR), which enables clear image capture with less saturation and excellent low light sensitivity in difficult high and low lighting situations. The CMOS camera sensor module is also stereo-ready with frame synchronization for 3D surgical applications. CMOS camera sensor module consumes just 90 mW when recording 1080p HD video at 30 fps, which helps reduce heat generation to improve patient comfort and simplify design. The CMOS camera sensor is an 1 / 6-inch optical format and a compact 3.8 x 2.9 mm chip scale package (CSP).

[0090] A cable 27 further carries the electrical signal to the processing unit 32 located onto the dental unit 34. The processing unit further connected to the monitor and transmits the high-definition color image of the operatory field.

[0091] The perspective view of the arrangement of all the three part 01, 02 & 03 of the said digital dental handpiece is shown in the figure 15. Thereby, demonstrating how the invention can be assembled for the use during the operation by the dental professionals. Further in use only the part 01 that is the dental handpiece of the said digital dental handpiece can be removed and subjected to heat sterilization in between the patients.

[0092] The present invention provides an artificial intelligence model specifically configured for real-time semantic segmentation of dental caries within the live video feed as shown in the figure 17. A data processing unit configured to receive and process the live video feed from the camera, utilizing an artificial intelligence model to distinguish between healthy tooth enamel and areas affected teeth by caries. A display unit configured to present the processed video feed, highlighting carious lesions with high precision to provide immediate visual feedback to the dentist. The data thus generated is further used to retrain the Al model and used for further technological advancements.

[0093] The invention further provided scope of easy integration and use during the operating procedures, by positioning the said digital dental handpiece in a holder 31 with pneumatic switch onto the dental unit for placement. The pneumatic switch automatically switch-on the imaging system once the digital dental handpiece is picked up for use and switch-off when it is placed back to its original position. Thereby reducing the amount of unwanted data to be captured by the device.

[0094] Figure 18 is an illustration of integration of digital dental handpiece and pathway for electrical signal transmission in practical applications. As shown the digital dental handpiece positioned in a holder 31 with a pneumatic switch onto the dental unit to switch ON the imaging system, once the system ON the cable 27 further carries the electrical signal to the processing unit 32 located onto the dental unit 34 and the electrical signal processed and displayed onto the monitor 33.

[0095] Figure 19 & 20 illustrates a flow diagram for working imaging system based on Artificial Intelligent (Al) model for segmentation mapping. A system configured for real time image segmentation and annotating the operatory field for different anatomical structures and disease states and medical conditions, for example: dental caries. The system comprising a data processing unit which receive image or video from video adapter (03), a cutting tool (airotors) 13 integrated into the dental handpiece, enables real-time visualization and precise localization of caries to assist the dentist during dental procedures. The system is divided into three set of Al model (a, b & c) trained on a comprehensive dataset of dental images, enabling accurate and consistent identification of caries. The Al Model an enable machine to interpret the video, Al model b diagnose the problem inside the operatory field, Al model c gives the details of the location of cavity, after that the images of the video modified by the annotation in order to easily find the specific area where the treatment required. The video and images are displaying at the monitor 33. The Al model process live video feed in real-time, allowing for the immediate visualization and localization of carious lesions during dental procedures.

[0096] Figure 21 is a flow diagram for Al model to predict disease states. The Al component first identifies a context, for example anatomical location, then selects the relevant disease models which can give a relevant and accurate diagnostic decision and / or make the segmentation map. The clinical validity of the artificial intelligence models is maintained through a plurality of models (a, b, c) such that each model specializes in one dental condition and disease states and has been tested clinically to have achieved a high sensitivity and specificity. The segmentation mask which is overlayed over the video is made by combining the results of different said models. A report is created in the forms including but not limited to document, table, paragraph or such that it contains the results of each of the model from figure 21.

[0097] The Al model provides an objective and consistent method for caries detection, reducing the subjectivity and variability associated with traditional methods. Al model offers a non-invasive, radiation-free method for caries detection, thereby minimizing risks associated with traditional X-ray methods.

[0098] Artificial intelligence model is capable of being updated or retrained with new dental image data to continually improve its accuracy and performance in caries detection. The present invention significantly improves the visualization of the operatory field, enhances ergonomic comfort for dental professionals, and leverages Al technology to assist in diagnosing and treating oral conditions.

[0099] While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and various embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

CLAIMS:1) A digital dental handpiece comprising: a dental handpiece (01), an optical insert (02) and a video camera adapter (03) wherein the dental handpiece is divided into three parts a head (Ola), a body (01b) and a tail (01c), wherein the body (01b) angled at 170° along the long axis to aid in positioning of the dental handpiece (01) under direct vision and reach out the posterior / back parts of the mouth; the head (Ola), positioned at 90° onto the body (01b) of the said dental handpiece, providing space for air-turbine for the rotatory cutting dental drill; the tail (01c) of the said dental handpiece configured with a mechanical locking mechanism (16) with O ring for secure connection with the optical insert (02) of the said digital dental handpiece; a hollow cavity called housing along the long axis of the body (01b) of handpiece (01) provides a passage for the optical insert (02) and position it near the head of the handpiece; and the video camera adapter (03) configured to provide a rotating cylindrical ring (24) with a mechanical locking mechanism (24a) to securely attached to the optical insert of the said digital dental handpiece while in use.2) The digital handpiece as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical insert (02) as per one embodiment of the present invention configured with imaging optical bundle or rod lenses of the central part of digital handpiece, wherein the distal part of optical insert is connected to the right-angled prism (26) and ring type LED light source, arrange at 80° to the long axis of a rotating cutting dental drill (13) and bend image paths or redirect light at 90°.3) The digital handpiece as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical insert (02) as per second embodiment of the present invention configured for positioning CMOS sensor camera module directly at the tip of the said optical insert and ring type LED light source at its tip, angled at 80° to the long axis of the rotating cutting drill attached at the head of the said digital dental handpiece.4) The digital handpiece as claimed in claim 1, wherein optical insert (02) of both the embodiments at proximal end have base (19) with a cylindrical opening (8a) and (8b) at the top end for flowing compressed air and water respectively; a channel for passage of electrical wiring to the LED light source; a spiral thread (18) at the sides of the base of the said optical insert to allow the video camera adapter to secure together while in operation.5) The digital handpiece as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom face of the base (19) along with the channels (8a) & (9a) a connector socket (23) attached, thereof connecting with the corresponding connecting pins (23 a) for transmission of electric current to the LED light source from a DC battery source (29) disposed into the video adapter of the said dental handpiece.6) The digital handpiece as claimed in claim 1, wherein the video camera adapter (03) enclosed a CMOS sensor assembly (28) having magnifying plano-convex condensing lens (24) placed onto the CMOS sensor camera module (25) to receive reflected light from the optical insert (15a) of the said digital dental handpiece, to magnify the operatory image by 3x- 5x factor; wherein the CMOS sensor camera module (25), collects the light and further converts it into electrical signal to be processed and displayed onto a monitor (33).7) A multidirectional water jetting system with improved cooling mechanism and antifogging system in a digital dental handpiece comprising: a plurality of holes (1 la, 1 lb & 11c) at the front side of the head of a dental handpiece, such that two holes positioned on either sides of the central rotation axis and third hole is positioned at the top of the central rotation axis; wherein the openings of the three holes are directed at different levels along the length of the rotating cutting drill, thus effectively dissipating the heat generated during the high-speed cutting procedures.8) The multidirectional water jetting system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the head of the said dental handpiece configured to dispose both push button and chuck or collet type of cartridges (14) with standard, mini and super torque head sizes.9) The multidirectional water jetting system as claimed in claim 7, as a part of antifogging system, wherein a glass cover (5b) with hydrophilic layer of titanium oxide is coated and covers the opening of the housing for the tip of the optical insert of the said digital dental handpiece.10) The multidirectional water jetting system as claimed in claim 7, as a part of antifogging system, wherein an oval opening (5a) for air jet positioned horizontally at the base of head (Ola) on front side directed axially towards the central axis of the rotating cutting drill to remove the water coming in the path of visualisation of the said digital dental handpiece to provide a clear visualization by preventing fogging at the tip of the optical insert and removing water droplets from the line of camera vision.11) The multidirectional water jetting system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the system is not limited to assembled with digital handpiece, can be assemble with any type of existing dentistry instrument to provide an improved cooling mechanism and clear vision of operatory field.12) An imaging system configured for real time image segmentation and annotating the operatory field for different anatomical structures and disease states and medical / dental conditions comprising: a cutting tool (13) integrated with dental handpiece enables real-time visualization and precise localization of operatory field to assist the dentist during dental procedures; a holder (31) to place the said digital dental handpiece with a pneumatic switch; a video adapter (03) to receive the original videos and images of the operatory field; a data processing unit (32) to process the video received from video adapter by converting the electrical signals from the CMOS camera sensor to high- definition video; and a monitor (33) to display video and images; a report is created.13) The imaging system as claimed in claim 12, wherein the Al model divided into three set of Al model (a, b & c); the Al Model (a) enable machine to interpret the video; the Al model (b) diagnose the problem inside the operatory field; the Al model (c) gives the details of the location of cavity, after that the images of the video modified by the annotation in order to easily find the specific area where the treatment is required.14) The imaging system as claimed in claim 12, wherein pneumatic switch automatically switches on the imaging system once the digital dental handpiece is picked up for use and switch off when it is placed back to its original position. Thereby reducing the amount of unwanted data to be captured by the device.15) A method of predicting disease state by Al model comprising the step of: identifying the anatomical location of the operatory field; selecting the relevant disease from plurality of models which can give a relevant and accurate diagnostic decision; clinical validation of the artificial intelligence models is maintained through a plurality of models.16) The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein plurality of Al models specializes in one medical condition and disease states; combining the results of different said models for segmentation of videos; displaying the result on the monitor (33); printing report in any forms but not limited to document, table, paragraph or such that it contains the results of each of the model.

Images