Machine for applying a protective treatment formulation

Abstract

A machine 102 that can apply a protective treatment formulation, such as a water- or stain-resistant coating, to items 104 such as footwear, headwear, and clothing. The machine 102 has a treatment cha

Description

Field The present disclosure relates to a machine for applying a protective treatment formulation to one or more items. The present disclosure also relates to methods and computer programs for controlling such a machine, as well as a sub-assembly for a machine for applying a protective treatment formulation to one or more items. Background Protective treatment formulations for treating items such as footwear, headwear and clothing are known. For example, a protective treatment formulation may be applied to such items to apply a water or stain resistant coating. Such formulations may be provided in a bottle, and then manually sprayed by a user on to the items. Manually spraying items can be slow and laborious, and adequate coverage of the items with the formulation is dependent upon the user’s skill in applying the formulation. Machines for applying a protective treatment formulation to one or more items are also known. Items such as footwear can be placed in a treatment chamber of the machine, which items are then sprayed with a spray or mist of the formulation by nozzles of a spraying mechanism. For example, such machines may be located in a retail location, enabling purchased items (such as footwear) to be conveniently treated with the protective treatment post-purchase. However, it is identified in the present disclosure that such known machines suffer from certain drawbacks. For example, complete and uniform coverage of the formulation over the items to be treated may not be achieved. Additionally, on known machines the spray nozzles can dry out or become clogged over time. It is an aim of the present disclosure to overcome or mitigate these drawbacks. Summary In a first aspect there is provided a machine for applying a protective treatment formulation to one or more items according to claim 1. In a second aspect there is provided a method according to claim 30. In a third aspect there is provided a computer program according to claim 31. In a fourth aspect there is provided a sub-assembly according to claim 32. In a fifth aspect there is provided a machine comprising a sub-assembly of the fourth aspect. Some features of exemplary embodiments are also provided in the dependent claims and in the foregoing description. In a sixth aspect there is provided a machine for applying a protective treatment formulation to one or more items comprising a nozzle maintenance apparatus as shown and described. According to a seventh aspect there is provided a method of controlling a machine according to the sixth aspect. According to an eighth aspect there is provided a computer program configured, when executed, to carry out the method of the seventh aspect. It will also be noted that unless expressly stated otherwise features of the various aspects can be combined in any way to form other aspects of the invention. Brief Description of Drawings Figure lisa perspective view of a machine according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 is a rear-view of a machine according to an embodiment of the invention; Figures 3 to 5 schematically show respective spray transport paths according to embodiments of the invention; Figure 6 is an end-view of parts of a sub-assembly of the machine according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 7 is an underside view of parts of a sub-assembly of the machine according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 8 is a plan view showing some parts of the machine according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 9 is a perspective view showing a nozzle maintenance apparatus of the machine, according to an embodiment; Figure 10 is an end view showing a nozzle maintenance apparatus of the machine, according to an embodiment; Figure 11 is a schematic plan view of the treatment chamber of the machine, according to an embodiment. Detailed Description Some examples will now be described in more detail with respect to Figures 1 to 11. Figures 1 and 2 show a machine 102 according to an example. The machine 102 is for applying a protective treatment formulation to one or more items 104. For example, the one or more items 104 may comprise footwear, such as shoes or boots. Or the one or more items may comprise headwear, such as a hat or cap. For example, the headwear may comprise a baseball cap. The protective treatment formulation may be a formulation designed to protect the exterior of the one or more items. For example, the protective treatment formulation may comprise a hydrophobic component that is water and / or stain repellent. The protective treatment formulation may comprise a clear or transparent liquid. In some examples, the protective treatment formulation is configured to be impregnated or at least partially impregnated into the one or more items 104 to be treated. An x-y-z coordinate system is also schematically shown in Figure 1. The machine 102 comprises a framework 103. The framework may comprise a metal material, such as aluminium or steel. Alternatively, the framework may comprise a rigid plastic material. The framework 103 may define a generally cuboidal shape. The framework 103 may generally define an upper portion of the machine 105 and a lower portion of the machine 107. The machine 102 comprises a treatment chamber 106 for housing the one or more items 104 to be treated. The treatment chamber may be comprised in the upper portion 105 of the machine. The treatment chamber 106 has a first end face 108 and a second end face 110 which is opposite the first end face. The treatment chamber 106 has first and second lateral sides 112 and 114 that extend between the first and second end faces. The first and second end faces 108 and 110 and the first and second lateral sides 112 and 114 are disposed between a top face 116 and a bottom face 118 of the treatment chamber 106. Although not shown for clarity in Figure 1, the bottom face 118 may comprise a physical barrier portion that forms a floor of the treatment chamber 106. The bottom face 118 may therefore define a physical barrier between the upper 105 and lower 107 portions of the machine 102. In some examples the bottom face 118 is opaque so that the lower portion 107 is not visible through the treatment chamber 106. In some examples the one or more items to be treated 104 comprises a first item 104 and a second item 109. For example, the machine 102 may comprise a first platform 111 for supporting the first item 104 and a second platform 113 for supporting the second item 109. The first platform 111 may be located above the second platform 113. In some examples, the first and second platforms 111, 113 are vertically linearly aligned. In some examples the first and second platforms 111, 113 project or are cantilevered outwardly from a vertically extending support column 129. In some examples, the first item 104 may comprise a first shoe of a pair of shoes, and the second item 109 may comprise a second shoe of a pair of shoes. Although not shown for clarity in the Figures, outer cladding or panelling may be joined to framework 103, to define an interior space of the machine 102. In some examples, at least some of the cladding is transparent in the region enclosing the treatment chamber 106, so that the one or more items 104 remain visible during a treatment. In some examples, at least some of the cladding is opaque in the region enclosing the treatment chamber 106. In some examples, at least some of the outer cladding is opaque in the lower region 107. In some examples, at least some of the cladding is transparent in the lower region 107. The machine 102 comprises a region 120 for storing a supply 122 of the protective treatment formulation. In examples, the supply 122 of the protective treatment formulation is in liquid form at room temperature (20 degrees). As will be explained in more detail hereafter, the machine 102 comprises one or more nozzles 124, as shown for example in Figure 2. The one or more nozzles 124 are disposed in the treatment chamber 106. The one or more nozzles 124 are configured to spray the protective treatment formulation on to the one or more items 104 to be treated. The one or more nozzles 124 are mounted on a member 126. The member 126 is connected to a motion control mechanism 128. The motion control mechanism 128 is for controlling movement of the member 126 within the treatment chamber 106 while the protective treatment formulation is being sprayed from the one or more nozzles 124. A fluid supply system, shown schematically at 154, connects the one or more nozzles 124 to the region 120 storing the supply 122 of the protective treatment formulation. In use, the one or more nozzles 124 are in fluid communication with the supply 122 of protective treatment formulation. The motion control mechanism is configured to cause the member 126, and consequently the one or more nozzles 124, to move along a transport path (T) in the treatment chamber 106. In some examples, the transport path “T” may be considered a virtual transport path. By “virtual” transport path, it will be understood that the transport path (T) is not a physical, ever-present feature in the treatment chamber. Rather, virtual transport path T is a path that is inscribed or followed by the member 126 and one or more nozzles 124. Figure 3 is a schematic aerial view showing virtual transport path T of member 126 and one or more nozzles 124 relative to one or more items 104 being treated. The virtual transport path T has a first virtual transport path portion 160 and a second virtual transport path portion 162. The first and second virtual transport path portions 160 and 162 are spaced apart and opposed to each other. Each virtual transport path portion 160, 162 has opposite first and second ends. For example, virtual transport path portion 160 has a first end 164 and a second end 166. Virtual transport path portion 164 has a first end 168 and a second end 170. The virtual transport path T comprises a curved virtual transport path portion 172. The curved virtual transport path portion 172 connects the first and second virtual transport path portions 160, 162. For example, the curved virtual transport path portion connects the second end 166 of first virtual transport path portion 160 to second end 170 of second virtual transport path portion 162. In some examples, it may be considered that the virtual transport path T extends continuously between the first end 164 of the first virtual transport path portion 160 and the first end 168 of the second virtual transport path portion 162. In some examples, the first ends 164 and 168 of the first and second virtual transport paths 160 and 162 are proximate to the first end face 108 of the treatment chamber 106. In some examples, the second ends 166 and 170 of the first and second virtual transport paths 160 and 162 are proximate to the second end face 110 of the treatment chamber 106. In some examples it may be considered that the first virtual transport path portion 160 extends in a direction between the first end face 108 and the second end face 110 proximate to the first side face 112 of the treatment chamber 106. Likewise it may be considered that the second virtual transport path portion 134 extends in a direction between the second end face 110 and the first end face 108 proximate to the second side face 114. In some examples it may be considered that the virtual transport path T is U-shaped or substantially U-shaped in plan-view, as schematically shown in Figure 3. In some examples, it may be considered that at least one of the first and second virtual transport path portions 160, 162 is linear or substantially linear. In some examples it may be considered that both of the first and second virtual transport path portions 160, 162 is linear or substantially linear. In some examples it may be considered that the first and second virtual transport path portions 160, 162 are parallel to each other. In some examples, at least one of the first and second virtual transport path portions 160, 162 is curved and in plan view follows an arc. In some examples both of the first and second virtual transport paths 160’, 162’ is curved and in plan view follows an arc. This is schematically shown in Figure 3. In some examples the curved or arced virtual transport path portions 160’, 162’ are created by rotating the position of the member 126 as the member 126 follows the virtual transport path T. Likewise, the curved virtual transport path portion 172 may be created by rotating the member 126 as the member follows the virtual transport path T. Rotation of the member 126 is described in more detail hereafter. In some examples, where at least one of the first and second virtual transport paths 160’, 162’ is curved and in plan view follows an arc, that arc has a first radius of curvature. The curved virtual transport path portion 172 has a second radius of curvature in plan-view. The first radius of curvature is greater than the second radius of curvature. In some examples, the first radius of curvature is substantially greater than the second radius of curvature. In other words, the curving of virtual transport path portion 172 may be significantly more pronounced than the curving of virtual transport path portion 160’ or the curving of virtual transport path portion 162’. In some examples, a time taken for the member 126 to complete virtual transport path T (i.e. from first end 164 of virtual transport path portion 160 to first end 168 of second virtual transport path portion 162) is 5 seconds or less. In some examples, a time taken for the member to complete virtual transport path T is between 3 and 4 seconds. In some examples, the virtual transport path T further comprises a further curved virtual transport path portion 174 which connects opposed first ends 164, 168 of the first and second linear virtual transport path portions 160, 162. In this case, the virtual transport path T is a continuous closed loop. In some examples, the virtual transport path T is symmetrical. For example, virtual transport path portion 160 may be a mirror image of virtual transport path portion 162. For example, virtual transport path portion 160’ may be a mirror image of virtual transport path portion 162’. For example, virtual transport path portion 172 may be a mirror image of virtual transport path portion 174. In some examples it may be considered that, where the one or more items to be treated comprises footwear, each of the first and second virtual transport path portions is configured for spraying a respective lateral side of the one or more footwear items, and the curved virtual transport path portion, and the optional further curved virtual transport path portion is configured for spraying a respective toe or heel portion of the one or more footwear items. For example, virtual transport path portions 160 and 162 (or 160’ and 162’) may be configured for spraying a respective lateral side of the one or more footwear items. The curved virtual transport path portion 172, and the optional further curved virtual transport path portion 174, may be configured for spraying a respective toe or heel portion of the one or more footwear items. In some examples, where the optional virtual transport path portion 174 is not utilised, it may be preferred that the footwear is placed in the treatment chamber 106 in an orientation so that the heel portion of the footwear will be proximate curved virtual transport path portion 172. In some examples the motion control mechanism 128 comprises a rail 138. The rail 138 may extend in a direction between the opposite first 164, 166 and second 166, 170 ends of the virtual transport path T. It may also be considered that the rail 138 has a longitudinal axis X-X which extends between a first distal end 142 and a second distal end 144 of the rail 138. In some examples the first distal end 144 of the rail 138 is proximate to the first end face of the treatment chamber 106. In some examples the second distal end 144 of the rail 138 is In some examples it may be considered that the rail 138 is fixed in position. That is, it may be considered in some examples that the rail 138 is configured to remain static.proximate to the second end face 110 of the treatment chamber 106. In some examples the second distal end 144 of the rail 138 is sufficiently spaced from the second end face 110 of the treatment chamber 106 to enable the member 126 to swing or rotate around the second distal end 144 of the rail 138 without contacting the second end face 110 of the treatment chamber 106. In some examples the first distal end 142 of the rail 138 is sufficiently spaced from the first end face 108 of the treatment chamber 106 to enable the member 126 to swing or rotate around the first distal end 142 of the rail 138 without contacting the first end face 108 of the treatment chamber 106. In some examples the rail 138 is positioned substantially centrally between the first and second lateral sides 112, 114 of the treatment chamber 106. In some examples it may be considered that the rail 138 is fixed in position. That is, it may be considered in some examples that the rail 138 is configured to remain static. A carriage 140 is attached to the rail 138. The carriage 140 can slide or reciprocate back and forth on the rail 138. The carriage 140 is connected (directly or indirectly) to the member 126. It may therefore be considered that the carriage carries the member 126. In some examples a first motor 150 is arranged to cause the carriage 140 to reciprocate between the first and second distal ends 142, 144 of the linear rail 138. First motor 150 may be an electric motor. Although not limited thereto, a rack and pinion system or the like may be used to drive the carriage 140 along the rail 138. For example, a pinion (driven by motor 150) may be located on carriage 140, and the rail 138 may be provided with a corresponding rack. Or, the first motor 150 may drive a threaded rod, with a corresponding threaded member or bolt located on the carriage 140, so that the threaded member can be driven along the threaded rod. This latter option may also be referred to as a lead screw configuration. In another example, drive could be transmitted directly from first motor 150 to carriage 140 by a belt. In some examples, the member 126 is part of or connected to a bracket 146. The bracket is rotatable about the carriage 140. For example, the bracket 146 may be rotatably connected to the carriage 140. The bracket 146 has an outwardly extending portion 148 that extends laterally outwardly from the carriage 140 and the rail 138 (see for example Figure 2). The member 126 may be considered a downwardly extending member or a downwardly extending portion of the bracket 146. Accordingly, the member 126 is laterally spaced or cantilevered from the carriage 140 and rail 138. As previously described, the member 126 has one or more nozzles 124 for spraying the protective treatment formulation on to the one or more items 104. In some examples, the first motor is positioned proximate to or at a distal end of the rail 138. For example, first motor 150 may be positioned at second distal end 144 of rail 138. In some examples it may be considered that the bracket 146 comprises a generally L-shaped bracket. As such, in use the outwardly extending portion 148 extends horizontally outwardly from the carriage 140 and the downwardly extending member 126 extends vertically downwardly from the outwardly extending portion 148. In some examples the member 126 extends downwardly from a distal end 149 of the L-shaped bracket. In some examples the bracket 146 comprises a strengthening brace 147 that extends between the outwardly extending portion 148 and the downwardly extending member 126. In some examples, a second motor 152 is arranged to cause the bracket 146 to rotate about a rotational axis Z-Z of the bracket 146. The rotational axis Z-Z of the bracket 146 is orthogonal or substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal axis X-X of the rail 138. Due to the member 126 being cantilevered on bracket 146, the member 126 is spaced from rotational axis Z-Z. It may also be considered that a longitudinal axis of the downwardly extending member 126 is parallel to the rotational axis Z-Z of the bracket 146. The rotation of the bracket 146 (and consequently member 126) enables the member 126 and the one or more nozzles 124 to follow a curved virtual transport path, in plan view. For example, the rotation of bracket 146 facilitates curved virtual transport path sections 172 and / or 174, as the member 126 pivots or swings around respective distal ends 144, 142 of the rail 138. Also, in some examples, relatively small degrees of rotation of the bracket 146 can enable the distance of the member 126 and the one or more nozzles 124 from the item or article 104 being sprayed to be varied. For example, this may also enable the curved virtual transport paths 160’ and / or 162’, if the bracket 146 is continually rotated slightly as the carriage 140 moves linearly along rail 138. In some examples the second motor 152 is positioned or located on the carriage 140. Therefore, the second motor 152 may travel with carriage 140. In some examples the second motor 152 comprises an output shaft 153 carrying a wheel 161 which is connected by a belt 155 to a wheel 157. In some examples the wheel 157 is attached to a rotational bearing of the bracket 146. That is in some examples a rotational axis of the wheel 157 may be aligned with the rotational axis Z-Z of the bracket 146. In some examples the wheels 157 and 161 are toothed wheels and belt 155 is a toothed belt. In some examples, either or both of the first motor 150 and the second motor 152 comprise stepper motors. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples either or both of the first motor 150 and the second motor 152 may comprise servo motors, or simple direct current (DC) motors with micro-switches. Although not limited thereto, in some examples the first and second motors 150, 152 have a power rating of 48W. In some examples, the rail 138 comprises a first lateral side 137 and a second lateral side 139. In some examples it may be considered that the second motor 152 is arranged to cause the member 126 to rotate from the first lateral side 137 to the second lateral side 139 of the rail 138, and vice versa. It may also be considered that the second motor 152 is arranged to cause the member 126 to rotate from the first lateral side 137 to the second lateral side 139 of the rail 138 at either or both of the first distal end 142 or second distal end 144 of the rail 138. In other words, in some examples virtual transport path 160 or 160’ is followed by virtue of linear movement of the carriage 140 along rail 138. Then, curved virtual transport path 172 is followed by rotating bracket 146 around the rail 138 (clockwise when viewing Figures 3 or 4), as described above. Then, virtual transport path 162 or 162’ is followed by virtue of linear movement of the carriage 140 along rail 138 in the opposite direction along rail 138 compared to when forming virtual transport path 160 or 160’. Optionally, curved transport path 174 is followed by rotating bracket 146 around the rail 138 (clockwise when viewing Figure 5), as described above. In some examples the motion control mechanism 128 is configured to move the member 126 in a selected forward or reverse direction along all or any of the virtual transport path T. For example, in plan view, any or all of virtual transport path sections 160 (or 160’), 172, 162 (or 162’), or 174 may be followed in a forward or reverse (or clockwise or anticlockwise) direction. In some examples, spray is ejected from nozzles in one direction of the virtual transport path T, and in the reverse direction no spray is ejected. For example, and with respect to Figures 3 and 4, spray is ejected whilst the virtual transport path T is followed in the clockwise direction. In the anticlockwise direction no spray is ejected and the bracket 146 is simply being returned to its start or home position for a subsequent spraying operation. Of course, the opposite may be true. Generally, it may be considered that in some examples there is an outward or forward virtual transport path T during which spraying occurs, and a homeward or return virtual transport path T during which no spraying occurs. Although not limited thereto, in some examples the return virtual transport path T is an exact or substantially exact reversal of the outward virtual transport path T. In some examples, the one or more items to be treated are subject to one or a single spraying cycle and then removed from the treatment chamber. In other words, the one or more items to be treated are sprayed while the spraying mechanism follow virtual transport path T, and then the one or more items are removed from the treatment chamber once the spraying mechanism has been returned to its start position. However, in some examples the one or more items to be treated may be provided with two or more treatment applications. For example, suede or canvas footwear may be provided with two or more applications, due to high levels of absorbency. Where two or more spray applications or cycles are provided, each spray application or cycle may be relatively lighter (e.g. less formulation sprayed) on each cycle relative to a single “standard” cycle. In some examples, at least some of the motion control mechanism 128 is separated from the treatment chamber 106. In some examples, a majority of the motion control mechanism 128 is separated from the treatment chamber 106. In some examples, the motion control mechanism 128 is located above the treatment chamber 106. For example a screen or screens, shown schematically at 141 in Figure 1, may be arranged to separate the motion control mechanism 128 from the treatment chamber 106. In some examples, at least the first motor 150 and second motor 152 and associated drive mechanisms are positioned above the screen 141. This may reduce the chance of these items being subjected to moisture, and may improve longevity of the motion control mechanism 128. Also, electronic control such as computing device 101 may be external to the treatment chamber. For example, computing device 101 may be located above treatment chamber 106, and separated from the treatment chamber 106 by screen 141 in some examples. Alternatively, computing device could be located behind a panel, such as a rear panel of the treatment chamber 106. For example, and with respect to Figure 9, computing device 101 could be located behind panel or screen 178. In some examples, the different portions of the virtual transport path T are followed in a sequential manner. For example, a start position of the member 126 may be first end 164 of virtual transport path portion 160 or 160’. Then, the member 126 is driven along virtual transport path portion 160 or 160’. For example, this may be under the power of first motor 150 (and optionally second motor 152 if curved virtual transport path 160’ is being followed). When second end 166 of virtual transport path portion 160 or 160’ is reached, first motor 150 may be temporarily de-activated and second motor 152 is activated (or continues to be activated but at an increased speed) so that member 126 is rotated about axis of rotation Z-Z and follows curved virtual transport path portion 172. When member 126 reaches second end 170 of virtual transport path portion 162 or 162’, the second motor 152 is de-activated (or continues to be activated but at a reduced speed) and first motor 150 is reactivated, causing the member 126 to follow virtual transport path portion 162 or 162’ to first end 166. This operation could be reversed to take member back to first end 164 of virtual transport path portion 160 or 160’. Or, at first end 166 of virtual transport path portion 162, the second motor 152 may be reactivated (or continues to be activated but at an increased speed) so that member 126 rotates around to first end 164 of virtual transport path portion 160 (i.e. to follow virtual transport path portion 174 shown in Figure 5). In some examples an angle a of the one or more nozzles, relative to a horizontal plane, is adjustable. For example the horizontal plane may be parallel to a plane of bottom face 118. Or, it may be considered that the angle a of the one or more nozzles is adjustable upwardly and / or downwardly in the z direction and relative to the x-y plane. The angle a may be considered an angle at which the nozzle is pointed towards the one or more items to be treated, or an “angle-of-attack”. In some examples, the angle a is manually adjustable, for example by an operator or maintenance person. In some examples, the angle a is adjustable “on-the-fly”, during a treatment. In some examples, the angle a is fixed and is not adjustable, which may improve repeatability and may prevent tampering. In some examples it may be considered that the one or more nozzles 124 generally points downwardly within the treatment chamber 106. In some examples, the angle a in a range of 0 to 45 degrees, optionally o to 40 degrees, optionally 0 to 35 degrees. In some examples the one or more nozzles 124 has a spray range p. The spray range P may be considered the angle of coverage or “beam-spread” of the spray once it exits the one or more nozzles 124. In some examples the one or more nozzles has a spray range up to 120 degrees, optionally up to 90 degrees, optionally up to 70 degrees. In some examples, preferably the spray range is 70 degrees or about 70 degrees. In some examples the one or more nozzles 124 comprises a first nozzle 124 and a second nozzle 125. In some examples, the first nozzle 124 is vertically spaced from the second nozzle 125. In some examples, the first nozzle 124 is vertically linearly aligned with the second nozzle 125 on the member 126. In some examples, a vertical spacing between the first and second nozzles 124, 125 is between 100mm and 300mm. In some examples, a vertical spacing between the first and second nozzles 124, 125 is between 150mm and 250mm. In some examples, a vertical spacing between the first and second nozzles 124, 125 is between 200mm and 250mm. In some examples, a vertical spacing between the first and second nozzles 124, 125 is 225mm or about 225mm. In practice, the vertical spacing between the first and second nozzles 124, 125 is set to correspond with the vertical spacing between the first and second platforms 111, 113. In some examples, the bracket 146 is rotated slightly relative to the longitudinal direction of rail 138, when viewed in plan view or from below. This also means that the one or more nozzles 124 will be angled relative to the one or more items to be treated 124. This angle is schematically shown in Figure 7 as y. In some examples, y is between 5 and 20 degrees. In some examples, y is between 10 and 15 degrees. In some examples, y is 12 degrees or about 12 degrees. In some examples it may therefore be considered that the one or more nozzles 124 are oriented so that they are not perpendicular to transport path 160 or 162 (or 160’ or 162’). By providing this angle-of-attack y, spray coverage may be improved. This may be particularly so with respect to the toe portion of footwear. As previously discussed, in some examples the one or more items to be treated 104 comprises a first item 104 and a second item 109. For example, the machine 102 may comprise a first platform 111 for supporting the first item 104 and a second platform 113 for supporting the second item 109. The first platform 111 may be located above the second platform 113. In some examples, the first and second platforms 111, 113 are vertically linearly aligned. For example, the first item 104 may comprise a first shoe of a pair of shoes, and the second item 109 may comprise a second shoe of a pair of shoes. In some examples, the first nozzle 124 is positioned and oriented to spray first item 104, and second nozzle 125 is positioned and oriented to spray second item 109. In some examples, the parts of the machine 102 that make-up the drive mechanism (e.g. linear rail 138, carriage 140, bracket 146, first and second motors 150 and 152) may be considered a sub-assembly of the machine 102. In some examples the sub-assembly may be considered to comprise a kit-of-parts. For example, the kit-of-parts could be provided together with or separately from other parts of the machine 102. For example, the kit-of-parts could be provided separately if a new sub-assembly is required, for example for retrofitting to an existing machine, or repairing or maintaining a machine. According to some examples, the machine 102 is programmed to control motion of the member 126. Consequently, the machine is programmed to control motion of the one or more nozzles 124 by virtue of their attachment to member 126. In some examples, the position of the one or more nozzles 124 is fixed on member 126 (at least during a spraying operation). That is, in some examples the position and orientation of the one or more nozzles 124 is dictated by the position and orientation of the member 126. Shown schematically in Figure 1, the machine 102 is in communication with a computer or computing device 101. The computing device 101 may be comprised in the machine 102 or remote from the machine 102. The computing device 101 comprises a memory 115 and a processor 117. The memory 115 may store one or more programs for controlling aspects of the machine 102, including controlling movement of the member 126 around or along the virtual transport path T. A user interface is schematically shown at 121. The user interface 121 is communicatively connected to the computing device 101. Via the user interface 121, an operator such as a store clerk or maintenance person may be able control various aspects of the machine 102. For example, via the user interface 121a store clerk may be able to select and initiate a treatment cycle for one or more items to be treated. The user interface 121 may comprise a display 127 which can display information to the user. The user interface 121 may also comprise an input area 123, enabling a user to input information and / or instructions to the machine 102. In some examples the user interface 121 may comprise a touchscreen. In some examples, the input area 123 comprises an area of the touchscreen. In some examples the input area 123 comprises one or more physical buttons. According to some examples the machine 102 is programmed to control motion of the member 126 according to a plurality of different pre-set virtual transport paths. According to some examples, a first pre-set virtual transport path is for spraying an item of a first size, a second pre-set virtual transport path is for spraying an item of a second size, and a third preset virtual transport path is for spraying an item of a third size. In some examples the second size is bigger than the first size and the third size is bigger than the second size. For example, the different pre-set virtual transport paths may be configured for treating different sizes of shoes. To use UK shoe sizes as an example, a first treatment programme virtual transport path may be for small shoes. In some examples small shoes may be in a range of size 1 (or smaller) to size 4.5. A second treatment programme virtual transport path may be for medium shoe sizes. In some examples medium shoes may be in a range of size 5 to size 7.5. A third treatment programme virtual transport path may be for large shoes. In some examples large shoes may be in a range of size 8 to size 11 and above. According to some examples, an operator can choose a small, medium or large programme via user interface 121. According to some examples, each of the first, second and third pre-set virtual transport paths is programmed to prevent or reduce the chances of physical contact between the member 126 (and the one or more nozzles 124) and the one or more items 104 to be treated, regardless of whether the one or more items is of the first, second or third size. This prevents, for example, impact or snagging between the member 126 (and the one or more nozzles 124, and / or the bracket 146 more generally) and the item to be treated. For example, say a pair of large shoes has been placed in the treatment chamber but an operative has selected a cleaning programme for a small shoe size, this could potentially lead to impact between the member 126 and the large shoe. However, this is prevented from occurring by virtue of the above-described feature. In some examples, the curved virtual transport path portion 172 is the same for each of the first to third virtual transport paths. In some examples, the first and second virtual transport path portions 160 (or 160’) and 162 (or 162’) have a different length for each of the first to third virtual transport paths. For example, the first and second virtual transport path portions may be longer for the second pre-set virtual transport path compared to the first preset transport path, and the first and second virtual transport path portions may be longer for the third pre-set virtual transport path compared to the second pre-set virtual transport path. In some examples, one or more reference markers or physical projections is provided in the treatment chamber 106 (e.g. on the platforms 111 and 113) to show a user or operator where to correctly position the one or more items to be treated. In some examples, a proximity sensor or micro-sensor is provided to detect proximity of the bracket 146 to he one or more items to be treated 104. For example, such a microsensor or proximity sensor may be located on bracket 146. The proximity or micro-sensor may halt movement of the bracket 146 if impending collision with the one or more items 104 is detected. A warning, such as an audible or visual warning, may also be provided to a user or operator. According to some examples, and as shown schematically in Figures 9 to 11, the machine 102 comprises a nozzle maintenance device or apparatus as shown at 176. It will be appreciated that aspects related to nozzle maintenance apparatus 176 shown in Figures 9 to 11 may be combined in any way with the features and aspects already described with respect to Figures 1 to 8, and vice versa. In some examples, the nozzle maintenance apparatus 176 is located in or proximate to the treatment chamber 106. In some examples the nozzle maintenance apparatus 176 is located at an end of the treatment chamber 106. For example, the nozzle maintenance apparatus 176 may be located proximate to the first end face 108 of the treatment chamber 106. In some examples a panel or screen 178 is provided between the nozzle maintenance apparatus 176 and the treatment chamber 106. In some examples the nozzle maintenance apparatus 176 comprises a cleaning mechanism 179. The brushing mechanism 179 comprises at least one cleaning head 180 for cleaning the one or more nozzles 124. This may assist in removing excess spray from the end of the one or more nozzles 124, after a spraying operation. In some examples the at least one cleaning head 180 comprises a first cleaning head 180 and a second cleaning head 181. In some examples the first and second cleaning heads 180, 181 are vertically linearly aligned. Therefore, in some examples the first cleaning head 180 is positioned to align with the first nozzle 124, and the second cleaning head 181 is positioned to align with the second nozzle 125, when the first and second nozzles 124, 125 are driven towards the nozzle maintenance apparatus 176. In some examples the at least one cleaning head 180 comprises a brush. For example, first cleaning head 180 may comprises a first brush and second cleaning head 181 may comprise a second brush. In some examples the nozzle maintenance apparatus comprises a capping device 182. The capping device 182 comprises at least one capping mechanism 183. The at least one capping mechanism comprises a cap 184 to be placed on the one or more nozzles 124. For example, the cap 184 may be placed on the one or more nozzles 124 after a spraying operation by the one or more nozzles. In some examples, the cap is placed on the one or more nozzles 124 after the one or more nozzles 124 has been brushed. Placing the cap 184 on the nozzle 124 may prevent the nozzle from drying or clogging up. In some examples the capping device 182 comprises a first capping mechanism 183 and a second capping mechanism 185. In some examples the first and second capping mechanisms 183, 185 are vertically linearly aligned. Therefore, in some examples the first capping mechanism 183 is positioned to align with the first nozzle 124, and the second capping mechanism is positioned to align with the second nozzle 125, when the first and second nozzles 124, 125 are driven towards the nozzle maintenance apparatus 176. In some examples the at least one cleaning head 180 comprises a static brush. In such examples, relative movement of the one or more nozzles 124 as the one or more nozzles 124 is driven past the static brush provides the brushing action. In some examples the at least one cleaning head 180 comprises a powered rotary brush. For example, the at least one cleaning head 180 may comprise a rotary brush which is powered for rotation by a motor 187. The rotational brushing motion of the at least one brush over the one or more nozzles 124 may efficiently remove excess spray and / or debris from the one or more nozzles. Second cleaning head 181 may be analogously a static or powered brush. In some examples the at least one capping mechanism 183 comprises an actuator 188 for placing and removing the cap 184 from the one or more nozzles 124. For example, the cap 184 may be fixed to an end of a rod 189 of the actuator 188, and then driven on to and away from the one or more nozzles 124 at an appropriate time, for example when it is detected or determined that the one or more nozzles 124 is proximate to the at least one capping mechanism 183. In some examples the actuator comprises a solenoid. In some examples the cap 184 comprises a soft material so as not to damage the one or more nozzles 124. For example, the cap 184 may comprise silicon or rubber. Second capping mechanism 185 may operate in an analogous manner. Fig. 11 is a schematic plan view of treatment chamber 106. In this example, the nozzle maintenance apparatus 176 is located proximate to the first end face 108 of the treatment chamber. The cleaning mechanism 179 is linearly aligned with the capping device 182, in a line parallel with end face 108. It may be considered that the cleaning mechanism 179 is located on one of the first or second lateral sides 112, 114, and the capping device 182 is located on the other of the first or second lateral sides 112, 114. In the example of Figure 11 the capping device 182 is located proximate to the first lateral side 112 and the brushing mechanism 179 is located proximate to the second lateral side 114. In some examples, the one or more nozzles 124 may be driven along a virtual transport path portion 190 to the capping device 182. In some examples, the one or more nozzles 124 may be driven along a virtual transport path portion 192 to the cleaning mechanism 179. In some examples the virtual transport path portion 190 may be considered an extension of the virtual transport path portion 160 (or 160’). In some examples the virtual transport path portion 192 may be considered an extension of the virtual transport path portion 162 (or 162’). In some examples, the machine 102 is configured to perform the cleaning and / or capping after each treatment of an article or one or more items 104. In some examples the machine 102 is configured to automatically perform the cleaning and / or capping after each treatment of one or more items 104 to be treated, in response to detecting or determining that the treatment has been finished or completed. In some examples the machine 102 is configured to perform treatment of an item 104 in the treatment chamber, then the motion control mechanism 128 is configured to drive the member 126 to the cleaning mechanism 179 for cleaning of the one or more nozzles 124, then the motion control mechanism 128 is configured to drive the member 126 to the capping device 182 so that the cap 184 can be placed on the one or more nozzles. That is, in at least some examples it may be considered that the capping of the one or more nozzles occurs after the cleaning of the one or more nozzles. Although Figures 9 and 10 may show nozzles simultaneously at both the cleaning mechanism 179 and the capping device 182, in some examples it may be considered that this is for the purpose of illustration and that (whilst this isn’t specifically excluded) in practice the member 126 (and therefore one or more nozzles 124) may be driven sequentially to cleaning mechanism 179 and then to capping device 182. In some examples the machine 102 is configured to perform the brushing and / or capping according to a pre-defined maintenance schedule. For example, the maintenance schedule may be periodic. For example, maintenance may occur once per day, for example at the end of a work-day. Or maintenance may occur more often, for example once every hour or once every three hours. Additionally or alternatively, the maintenance schedule may be based on a number of treatment cycles. For example, nozzle maintenance may be configured to occur after every treatment cycle. Or, nozzle maintenance may be configured to occur after every five treatment cycles or after every ten treatment cycles. In some examples the brushing and / or capping of the nozzles is performed in response to an operator providing an input on the user interface 123 of the machine 102. The input prompts the machine to carry out a nozzle maintenance cycle. In examples the nozzle maintenance cycle comprises cleaning and subsequently capping of the nozzles, as described above. In some examples the machine 102 comprises a purge area, where liquid may be purged from the one or more nozzles 124. For example, residual liquid may be purged from the one or more nozzles 124 after a treatment cycle. For example, the one or more nozzles 124 may be purged by blowing air and / or water through the one or more nozzles, to remove any excess protective treatment formulation. In some examples, the purge area is located within or proximate to the nozzle maintenance apparatus 176. In Figure 9, the purge area is schematically shown at 194. In some examples, the purge area 194 is located within or proximate to the treatment chamber 106. In some examples the purge area 194 comprises an absorbent material for absorbing purged liquid. For example, the absorbent material may be a sponge or a foam material. In some examples, the absorbent material is easily removable from the machine 102, so that the absorbent material can be renewed or replaced. In some examples the machine 102 comprises a removable cover for accessing the nozzle maintenance apparatus. This may be to allow enhanced access for maintenance. For example, the screen 178 may be removable. Additionally or alternatively, a panel 196 may be removable. Panel 196 may be referred to as a rear panel. In some examples, the machine 102 comprises one or more access openings for enabling access to one or more portion of the machine 102. For example, a first access opening may be provided for enabling access to the treatment chamber 106, for example for enabling the one or more items 104 to be placed in and removed from the treatment chamber 106. In some examples a second access opening may be provided for enabling access to the region for storing a supply of the protective treatment formulation. For example, the one or more access opening may comprise one or more respective doors, hoods, hatches or the like. In some examples the machine 102 comprises a drying apparatus. In Figure Ila drying apparatus is schematically shown at 198. In some examples the drying apparatus is located at or proximate to first end face 108. In some examples, the drying apparatus 198 comprises a heater 197. The heater 197 may be configured to activate for a period of time after the one or more items 104 have been sprayed. This may speed-up absorption of the formulation into the one or more items 104, and may also ensure that the one or more items 104 do not feel wet or excessively wet when removed from the treatment chamber 106 after a treatment. Additionally or alternatively the drying apparatus 198 may comprise a ventilation device shown schematically at 199. The ventilation device may be a fan or the like, configured to cause a positive pressure in the treatment chamber 106 and to create a flow of air within the treatment chamber 106. This may also help with drying of the one or more items after treatment, and may also assist with venting of any residual formulation within the machine to an exterior of the machine, via one or more suitable vents shown schematically at 169 in Figure 11. In some examples, either or both of the heater 197 or ventilation device 199 may be omitted. In some examples, the machine 102 is configured to simply naturally vent via vents 169. In some examples, the machine 102 comprises a power supply or is in communication 5 with a power supply 200, as shown schematically in Figure 1. For example the power supply 200 may be a mains power supply. It will be understood that the foregoing is by way of example only. Also, unless where explicitly stated otherwise, features from different Figures and / or embodiments may be combined. The scope of the invention(s) is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A machine for applying a protective treatment formulation to one or more items, the machine comprising:a treatment chamber for housing one or more items to be treated;a region for storing a supply of the protective treatment formulation;one or more nozzles, disposed within the treatment chamber, which are configured to spray the protective treatment formulation on to the one or more items to be treated;a fluid supply system connecting the one or more nozzles to the region, whereby, in use, the one or more nozzles are in fluid communication with the supply of protective treatment formulation;wherein the one or more nozzles are mounted on a member which is connected to a motion control mechanism for controlling movement of the member within the treatment chamber while the protective treatment formulation is being sprayed from the one or more nozzles, the motion control mechanism configured to cause the member to move along a virtual transport path having first and second virtual transport path portions, which first and second virtual transport path portions are spaced apart and opposed to each other, each of the first and second virtual transport path portions having opposite first and second ends, and the virtual transport path comprising a curved virtual transport path portion which connects opposed second ends of the first and second virtual transport path portions, whereby the virtual transport path extends continuously between the respective first ends of the first and second virtual transport path portions.

2. A machine according to claim 1, wherein the treatment chamber has a first end face and a second end face which is opposite the first end face, and first and second lateral sides that extend between the first and second end faces, the first and second end faces and first and second lateral sides disposed between top and bottom faces of the treatment chamber, the first virtual transport path portion extends in a direction between the first end face and the second end face proximate to the first side face, the second virtual transport path portion extends in a direction between the second end face and the first end face proximate to the second side face.

3. A machine according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein at least one of the first and second virtual transport path portions is linear or substantially linear.

4. A machine according to any preceding claim, wherein both of the first and second virtual transport path portions is linear or substantially linear.

5. A machine according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one of the first and second virtual transport paths is curved and in plan view follows an arc having a first radius of curvature, the curved virtual transport path portion which connects opposed second ends of the first and second virtual transport path portions having a second radius of curvature in plan view, the first radius of curvature being greater than the second radius of curvature.

6. A machine according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the virtual transport path is substantially U-shaped.

7. A machine according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the virtual transport path further comprises a further curved virtual transport path portion which connects opposed first ends of the first and second linear virtual transport path portions, and the virtual transport path is a continuous closed loop.

8. A machine according to any preceding claim, wherein the motion control mechanism comprises a rail to which a carriage is attached, the carriage carrying the member and the carriage arranged to move along the rail.

9. A machine according to claim 8, wherein the rail has a first distal end and a second distal end, wherein a first motor is arranged to linearly drive the carriage between the first and second distal ends.

10. A machine according to claim 8 or claim 9, wherein the member comprises a downwardly extending portion of a bracket, a horizontally extending portion of the bracket being connected to the motion control mechanism so that the member is cantilevered away from the rail.

11. A machine according to any preceding claim, wherein the motion control mechanism comprises a second motor for causing rotation of the member about an axis orthogonal to the virtual transport path.

12. A machine according to claim 11, wherein the rotation of the member enables a distance of the one or more nozzles from the one or more items to be treated to be varied.

13. A machine according to claim 11 or claim 12, wherein the rotation of the member is configured to provide the curved virtual transport path portion.

14. A machine according to any preceding claim, wherein the motion control mechanism is configured to move the member in a selected forward or reverse direction along all or any portion of the virtual transport path.

15. A machine according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more nozzles comprises a first nozzle and a second nozzle, the first nozzle vertically spaced from the second nozzle on the member.

16. A machine according to claim 15, wherein the first nozzle is located above the second nozzle, the first nozzle arranged to spray a first item of the one or more items and the second nozzle arranged to spray a second item of the one or more items when the first item is positioned above the second item in the treatment chamber.

17. A machine according to any preceding claim, wherein the machine is programmed to control motion of the member according to a plurality of different pre-set virtual transport paths.

18. A machine according to claim 17, wherein a first pre-set virtual transport path is for spraying an item of a first size, a second pre-set virtual transport path is for spraying an item of a second size, and a third pre-set virtual transport path is for spraying an item of a third size, the second size being bigger than the first size and the third size being bigger than the second size.

19. A machine according to claim 18, wherein each of the first, second and third pre-set virtual transport paths is programmed to prevent physical contact between the member and the one or more items to be treated regardless of whether the one or more items is of the first, second or third size.

20. A machine according to claim 18 or claim 19, wherein the curved virtual transport path portion is the same for each of the first to third pre-set virtual transport paths, and the first and second virtual transport path portions have a different length for each of the first to third pre-set virtual transport paths.

21. A machine according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more nozzles has a spray range of up to 120 degrees; optionally up to 90 degrees, optionally up to 70 degrees, optionally 70 degrees.

22. A machine according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more nozzles points downwardly from horizontal at an angle of 0 to 45 degrees, optionally 0 to 40 degrees, optionally 0 to 35 degrees.

23. A machine according to any preceding claim, wherein the treatment chamber has a purge area where the one or more nozzles can be purged of residual liquid within the nozzle.

24. A machine according to claim 23, wherein the purge area comprises an absorbent material for absorbing purged liquid.

25. A machine according to any preceding claim, comprising at least one cleaning head for cleaning the one or more nozzles.

26. A machine according to any preceding claim, comprising at least one capping device for placing a cap on the one or more nozzles when the one or more nozzles is not in use.

27. A machine according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more items comprises one or more footwear items.

28. A machine according to claim 27, wherein each of the first and second virtual transport path portions is configured for spraying a respective lateral side of the one or more footwear items, and the curved virtual transport path portion, and the optional further curved virtual transport path portion is configured for spraying a respective toe or heel portion of the one or more footwear items.

29. A machine according to any preceding claim, comprising a dryer for drying the one or more items after being sprayed with the protective treatment formulation.

30. A method of applying a protective treatment formulation to one or more items using a machine according to any of claims 1 to 29, the method comprising controlling movement of the member within the treatment chamber while the protective treatment formulation is being sprayed from the one or more nozzles by causing the member to move along a virtual transport path having first and second virtual transport path portions, which are spaced apart and opposed to each other, each of the first and second virtual transport path portions having opposite first and second ends, and the virtual transport path comprising a curved virtualtransport path portion which connects opposed second ends of the first and second virtual transport path portions, whereby the virtual transport path extends continuously between the respective first ends of the first and second virtual transport path portions.

31. A computer program comprising computer program code which, when executed by a processor, causes a machine to carry out the method of claim 30.

32. A sub-assembly for a machine for applying a protective treatment formulation to one or more items, the sub-assembly comprising:a linear rail having a longitudinal axis which extends between a first distal end and a second distal end of the rail;a carriage mounted on the rail;a first motor arranged to cause the carriage to reciprocate between the first and second distal ends of the linear rail;a bracket rotatably connected to the carriage, the bracket having an outwardly extending portion and a downwardly extending member that extends downwardly from the outwardly extending portion so that the downwardly extending member is laterally spaced from the rail, the member having one or more nozzles for spraying the protective treatment formulation on to the one or more items;a second motor arranged to cause the bracket to rotate about a rotational axis of the bracket, the rotational axis of the bracket being orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the rail.

33. A sub-assembly according to claim 32, the bracket comprising a generally L-shaped bracket, such that in use the outwardly extending portion extends horizontally outwardly from the carriage and the downwardly extending member extends vertically downwardly from the outwardly extending portion.

34. A sub-assembly according to claim 32 or claim 33, comprising a connector for connecting the one or more nozzles to a fluid supply system, the fluid supply system for fluidly connecting the one or more nozzles to a supply of the protective treatment formulation.

35. A sub assembly according to any of claims 32 to 34, wherein the first motor is positioned at or proximate to the first distal end or the second distal end of the rail.

36. A sub assembly according to any of claims 32 to 35, wherein the second motor is positioned on the carriage.

37. A sub assembly according to any of claims 32 to 36, wherein the second motor comprises an output shaft which is connected via a belt to a wheel which is connected to the bracket, a rotational axis of the wheel being aligned with the rotational axis of the bracket.

38. A sub assembly according to any of claims 32 to 37, wherein the rail comprises first and second opposed lateral sides which extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rail, the second motor arranged to cause the member to rotate from the first lateral side to the second lateral side of the rail and vice versa.

39. A sub assembly according to any of claims 32 to 38, wherein the second motor is arranged to cause the member to rotate from the first lateral side to the second lateral side of the rail at either or both of the first or second distal ends of the rail.

40. A sub assembly according to any of claims 32 to 39, wherein the second motor is arranged to rotate the position of the member so as to adjust a lateral distance of the one or more nozzles from the rail.

41. A sub assembly according to any of claims 32 to 40, wherein the one or more nozzles point downwardly relative to a horizontal plane at an angle in a range of 0 to 45 degrees, optionally 0 to 40 degrees, optionally 0 to 35 degrees.

42. A sub assembly according to any of claims 32 to 41, wherein the one or more nozzles has a spray range up to 120 degrees, optionally up to 90 degrees, optionally up to 70 degrees.

43. A sub assembly according to any of claims 32 to 42, wherein the one or more nozzles comprises a first nozzle and a second nozzle, the first nozzle vertically spaced from the second nozzle on the member.

44. A machine for applying a protective treatment formulation to one or more items, the machine comprising a sub assembly according to any of claims 32 to 43.

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