Method for drying calculus bovis and traditional chinese medicine preparation

Abstract

This application discloses a method for drying bezoar and a traditional Chinese medicine preparation. The drying method includes: placing wet bezoar in an environment with a temperature of -40℃ to -20℃ under an inert atmosphere and freezing for a first preset time, obtaining a freeze-dried product; the first preset time is 4h to 6h. The freeze-dried product is then placed in an environment with a temperature of 25℃ to 28℃ for vacuum drying for a second preset time, obtaining a dried product; the second preset time is 60h to 72h. The dried product is then placed in an environment with a temperature of 35℃ to 38℃ for a third preset time, obtaining dried bezoar; the third preset time is 2h to 4h. This application removes moisture from bezoar under low-temperature conditions, reducing the damage of heat-sensitive active ingredients in bezoar to high temperatures. Simultaneously, the entire process is carried out under an inert atmosphere, maximizing the preservation of active ingredients in bezoar. During the vacuum drying stage, ice crystals sublimate smoothly, reducing the collapse of the bezoar tissue structure, maintaining the original loose and porous structure, and further removing bound water, thus meeting the medicinal standards for bezoar.

Description

1. Description of a Drying Method for Bezoar and a Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation This application relates to the field of drying technology, and more particularly to a drying method for bezoar and a traditional Chinese medicine preparation. Background Art Natural bezoar is a gallstone from the gallbladder of bovine animals. During collection and processing, external impurities need to be removed and the material dried to obtain usable medicinal raw materials. The drying process directly affects the content of effective components and the appearance quality of bezoar. Existing commonly used drying methods include natural air drying and oven drying. Natural bezoar contains heat-sensitive components such as bilirubin, cholic acid, and deoxycholic acid, and has a concentric layered structure, high lipid content, and a tendency to collapse. Although ordinary constant temperature drying is faster and can improve drying efficiency, high temperatures easily damage the heat-sensitive components in bezoar, resulting in significant loss of active ingredients, reduced efficacy of the finished product, poor appearance and color, and a tendency for the texture to collapse. Summary of the Invention This application aims to provide a drying method for bezoar and a traditional Chinese medicine preparation to improve the problems of existing drying techniques that easily damage heat-sensitive effective components and produce poor appearance and texture of the finished product. To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides a method for drying bezoar, comprising: placing wet bezoar in an environment with a temperature of -40°C to -20°C under an inert atmosphere and freezing for a first preset time to obtain a freeze-dried product; the first preset time being 4 hours to 6 hours; placing the freeze-dried product in an environment with a temperature of 25°C to 28°C for vacuum drying for a second preset time to obtain a dried product; the second preset time being 60 hours to 72 hours; and placing the dried product in an environment with a temperature of 35°C to 38°C for drying for a third preset time to obtain dried bezoar; the third preset time being 2 hours to 4 hours. In some embodiments, placing the wet bezoar in an environment with a temperature of -40°C to -20°C includes: placing the wet bezoar in a freeze dryer and controlling the freeze dryer to cool to -40°C to -20°C at a cooling rate of -0.5°C / min to -1.5°C / min. In some embodiments, before placing the wet bezoar in an environment with a temperature of -40°C to -20°C, the freeze-drying method further includes: placing the wet bezoar at a temperature of 2°C to 8°C for 0.5h to 2h. HK 30138786 A 2 In some embodiments, before placing the freeze-dried material in an environment with a temperature of 25°C to 28°C, the freeze-drying method further includes: adjusting the vacuum degree of the environment containing the freeze-dried material to 0.1mbar to 0.5mbar. In some embodiments, before placing the freeze-dried material in an environment with a temperature of 25°C to 28°C, the freeze-drying method further includes: increasing the temperature of the environment containing the freeze-dried material to 25°C to 28°C at a rate of 1°C / min to 5°C / min.In some embodiments, before placing the dried material in an environment with a temperature of 35°C to 38°C, the freeze-drying method further includes: using a stepped heating method, raising the temperature of the environment containing the dried material to 30°C at a heating rate of 0.2°C / min to 0.5°C / min, and then raising the temperature to 35°C to 38°C at a heating rate of 0.1°C / min to 0.3°C / min. In some embodiments, the moisture content of the dried bezoar is less than 9%. In some embodiments, before placing the wet bezoar in an environment with a temperature of -40°C to -20°C, the drying method further includes: cutting the wet bezoar into slices and / or blocks, placing them in a loading container, with a first gap between adjacent slices of wet bezoar. In some embodiments, the thickness of the slices and / or blocks of wet bezoar is 5mm to 8mm; and / or, the mass of the slices and / or blocks of wet bezoar is 5g to 15g. Secondly, this application also provides a traditional Chinese medicine preparation, including bezoar prepared by the drying method described in any one of the first aspects; the bezoar has a porous structure. Distinguishing itself from the prior art, this application provides a drying method for bezoar, comprising: placing wet bezoar in an environment at a temperature of -40°C to -20°C under an inert atmosphere and freezing for a first preset time to obtain a freeze-dried product; the first preset time is 4 hours to 6 hours. Vacuum drying the freeze-dried product in an environment at a temperature of 25°C to 28°C for a second preset time to obtain a dried product; the second preset time is 60 hours to 72 hours. Drying the dried product in an environment at a temperature of 35°C to 38°C for a third preset time to obtain dried bezoar; the third preset time is 2 hours to 4 hours. This application describes a method for drying bezoar, including a freezing stage, a vacuum drying stage, and a desorption drying stage. The freeze-drying stage removes moisture from the bezoar at low temperatures, reducing the damage to heat-sensitive active ingredients caused by high-temperature drying. Simultaneously, the entire process is conducted under an inert atmosphere, minimizing oxidation of active ingredients and maximizing their retention. The vacuum drying stage controls the vacuum environment and a suitable heating rate to ensure stable sublimation of ice crystals, reducing the collapse of the bezoar tissue structure and maintaining its original loose and porous structure. The desorption drying stage further removes residual bound water through appropriate temperature and time, ensuring the final product's moisture content meets pharmaceutical standards. Additional aspects and advantages of the embodiments of this application will be described, shown, or illustrated in part in the following description, or through implementation of the embodiments of this application. HK 30138786 A 3 Brief Description of the Drawings One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example in the corresponding accompanying drawings. These illustrations are not intended to limit the embodiments, and elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings represent similar elements. Figure 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for drying bezoar according to some embodiments of this application.To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. The reference to "embodiment" in this application means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic commonly described with that embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. When this phrase appears in various places in the specification, it does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that excludes other embodiments. In the explanation of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as an indication or implication of relative importance, nor does it mean that the specified technical features have a specific meaning in terms of quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship. In the explanation of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" refers to two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is used to describe the relationship between related objects, which can reflect three relationships. For example, A and / or B may present three scenarios: only A exists, A and B exist simultaneously, and only B exists. Furthermore, the character " / " in this document generally signifies an "or" relationship between related objects; " / " can also represent a proportional relationship; when " / " appears in a table, it can also indicate the absence of a corresponding substance or parameter, the specific meaning of which needs to be determined based on the actual scenario. The technical features involved in the different embodiments of this application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other. In a first aspect, this application proposes a method for drying bezoar. Referring to Figure 1, the method includes the following steps: Step S1: Under an inert atmosphere, wet bezoar is placed in an environment with a temperature of -40°C to -20°C and frozen for a first preset time to obtain freeze-dried material; the first preset time is 4 hours to 6 hours. Fresh bezoar (referred to as wet bezoar) is usually in a moist or semi-dry state after being taken out. Because fresh bezoar has an extremely high water content, it is highly susceptible to spoilage. If not dehydrated in time, it easily becomes moldy, thus losing its medicinal value. Drying reduces the moisture content of fresh bezoar to national standards, minimizing mold growth. Furthermore, drying ensures the maximum preservation of active ingredients such as bilirubin and bile acids, meeting the standards for long-term storage, transportation, and medicinal use. The above stage is the freezing stage, where the moist bezoar is placed in an environment with a temperature between -40℃ and -20℃, such as -40℃, -30℃, or -20℃, for a preset freezing time of 4 hours, 5 hours, or 6 hours. This freezes the moisture in the moist bezoar into ice, preparing it for the subsequent vacuum drying stage.Controlling the freezing temperature within the aforementioned range is beneficial for the uniform freezing of moisture inside the wet bezoar, reducing the risk of insufficient freezing due to excessively high temperatures, which would affect subsequent drying. It also minimizes energy waste caused by excessively low temperatures and reduces damage to the internal structure of the bezoar, better preserving its heat-sensitive active ingredients. During freezing, the moisture in the wet bezoar gradually condenses into tiny ice crystals. These ice crystals sublimate directly into water vapor under a high vacuum environment, achieving low-temperature dehydration, reducing the presence of liquid water, and maximizing the preservation of heat-sensitive active ingredients (e.g., bilirubin, bile acids), their original form, and chemical stability. This also improves the product's shelf life and rehydration properties. The condensation of ice crystals preserves the original porous structure of the bezoar, reducing the collapse that occurs during subsequent drying due to changes in surface tension, thus helping to maintain the bezoar's original loose and porous structure. It should be noted that the entire drying process for the wet bezoar is carried out under an inert atmosphere (e.g., nitrogen or argon), meaning the entire drying environment is sealed and oxygen-free. Drying wet bezoar under an inert atmosphere reduces the oxidation of lipids and heat-sensitive active ingredients in the bezoar, effectively inhibits microbial activity and enzymatic reactions, maximizes the preservation of the effective ingredient content and original color of the bezoar, and helps maintain the stability of the original structure, preventing structural collapse during subsequent drying. In some embodiments, placing wet bezoar in an environment with a temperature of -40°C to -20°C includes: placing the wet bezoar in a freeze dryer and controlling the freeze dryer to cool to -40°C to -20°C at a cooling rate of -0.5°C / min to -1.5°C / min. The freeze dryer used in this application needs to have an electric heating defrosting function, for example, a vertical freeze dryer with a freezing area of ​​0.18 m2 and a water capture capacity of more than 3 kg / 24h. The cooling rate of the freeze dryer is -0.5℃ / min to -1.5℃ / min, such as -0.5℃ / min, -0.8℃ / min, -1℃ / min, -1.2℃ / min, -1.5℃ / min, etc. Controlling the cooling rate of the freeze dryer within the range of -0.5℃ / min to -1.5℃ / min can reduce the freezing of the surface of the wet bezoar caused by excessively rapid cooling, promote the formation of fine ice crystals inside the wet bezoar, and better preserve the original structure and active ingredients of the bezoar. In some embodiments, before placing the wet bezoar in an environment with a temperature of -40℃ to -20℃, the freeze drying method further includes: placing the wet bezoar at a temperature of 2℃ to 8℃ for 0.5h to 2h, specifically at temperatures such as 2℃, 3℃, 4℃, 5℃, 6℃, 7℃, 8℃, etc., and for periods such as 0.5h, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, etc.By pre-cooling the wet bezoar at low temperatures, the overall temperature of the bezoar can be lowered uniformly, which is beneficial for the internal moisture to precipitate evenly to the surface as the temperature decreases. This further improves the uniformity of freezing in the subsequent freezing stage and reduces structural damage caused by excessive temperature differences during the subsequent freezing process. Step S2: The freeze-dried material is placed in an environment with a temperature of 25℃ to 28℃ for vacuum drying for a second preset time, obtaining the dried material; the second preset time is 60h to 72h. The above stage is the sublimation drying stage. In this stage, the water that has frozen into ice crystals will directly sublimate into water vapor under vacuum and leave the bezoar, gradually removing most of the free water in the bezoar. It should be noted that this stage can remove about 90% of the total water content of the wet bezoar. Controlling the drying temperature within the range of 25℃ to 28℃, such as 25℃, 26℃, 27℃, and 28℃, reduces uneven heating of the bezoar caused by excessively high temperatures, which could damage the heat-sensitive active ingredients. It also helps maintain the stability of the original tissue structure of the bezoar, reducing the risk of structural collapse due to excessively rapid sublimation. The drying time should be controlled between 60h and 72h, such as 60h, 65h, 70h, and 72h, to ensure that most of the ice crystals inside the bezoar fully sublimate and that most of the free water is effectively removed, reducing the risk of insufficient moisture content in the finished product due to insufficient drying time. In some embodiments, before placing the freeze-dried material in an environment with a temperature of 25°C to 28°C, the freeze-drying method further includes: adjusting the vacuum level of the environment containing the freeze-dried material to 0.1 mbar to 0.5 mbar, such as 0.1 mbar, 0.2 mbar, 0.3 mbar, 0.4 mbar, 0.5 mbar, etc. Vacuum drying under high vacuum is more conducive to the direct sublimation of ice crystals at low temperatures, promoting the rapid migration of water from the interior of the bezoar to the surface for expulsion, reducing the collapse of the bezoar structure caused by melted liquid water. Simultaneously, the high vacuum environment further reduces the risk of oxidation of active ingredients, ensuring the quality and efficacy of the finished bezoar product. In some embodiments, before placing the freeze-dried material in an environment with a temperature of 25°C to 28°C, the freeze-drying method further includes: increasing the temperature of the environment containing the freeze-dried material to 25°C to 28°C at a rate of 1°C / min to 5°C / min. The heating rate can be 1℃ / min, 2℃ / min, 3℃ / min, 4℃ / min, or 5℃ / min. Controlling the heating rate within this range allows the freeze-dried material to rise at a steady temperature, reducing the risk of rapid sublimation of ice crystals and subsequent collapse of the bezoar tissue structure. It also reduces the damage to heat-sensitive active ingredients caused by excessive local temperature fluctuations. Step S3: Place the dried material in an environment with a temperature of 35℃ to 38℃ and dry for a third preset time to obtain the dried bezoar; the third preset time is 2h to 4h.The above stage is the analytical drying stage, which mainly removes bound water from the dried material. After sublimation drying, about 10% of bound water remains in the bezoar. Further drying at an appropriate temperature removes this residual moisture to within acceptable limits. Controlling the drying temperature between 35℃ and 38℃, such as 35℃, 36℃, 37℃, and 38℃, can increase the diffusion rate of water molecules, promoting the removal of bound water, while also preventing excessively high temperatures from damaging the heat-sensitive active ingredients in the bezoar, further inhibiting the activity of residual microorganisms, and improving the storage stability of the finished product. The drying time is controlled between 2 hours and 4 hours, such as 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours. This ensures sufficient removal of residual bound water, making the moisture content of the dried bezoar meet pharmaceutical standards, while avoiding energy waste due to excessive drying time and preventing unnecessary loss of active ingredients in the bezoar due to prolonged high temperatures. In some embodiments, before placing the dried material in an environment with a temperature of 35°C to 38°C, the freeze-drying method further includes: using a stepped heating method, raising the temperature of the environment containing the dried material to 30°C at a heating rate of 0.2°C / min to 0.5°C / min, and then raising it to 35°C to 38°C at a heating rate of 0.1°C / min to 0.3°C / min. This stepped heating method allows the temperature of the dried material to gradually rise to the target temperature, reducing phenomena such as collapse of the internal structure of the bezoar due to excessive temperature fluctuations, and minimizing the impact on the heat-sensitive active ingredients. In some embodiments, before placing the wet bezoar in an environment with a temperature of -40°C to -20°C, the drying method further includes: cutting the wet bezoar into slices and / or blocks, placing them in a loading container, with a first gap between adjacent slices of wet bezoar. Cutting the wet bezoar into slices and / or blocks increases the contact area between the bezoar and the drying medium (loading container), promoting the freezing of moisture into small ice crystals. It also facilitates the smooth removal of water vapor during subsequent drying, improving overall drying uniformity and efficiency. A first gap needs to be established between adjacent slices of wet bezoar to ensure sufficient contact between the surface of each slice and the air. This reduces the risk of localized poor air circulation caused by stacking and sticking of the bezoar, which can hinder water vapor removal and lead to localized mold growth. In some embodiments, the thickness of the slices and / or blocks of wet bezoar is 5mm to 8mm. For example, the thickness of the wet bezoar is 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, etc. Setting the thickness within the range of 5mm to 8mm facilitates the outward removal of water vapor, improving drying efficiency. In some embodiments, the mass of the slices and / or blocks of wet bezoar is 5g to 15g. For example, the mass of the wet bezoar is 5g, 8g, 10g, 12g, 15g, etc. It should be noted that, in actual operation, the cutting specifications can be flexibly adjusted according to the original size and shape of the bezoar to ensure the drying effect.In some embodiments, the loading container includes a tray, a freeze-drying tray, and a corrosion-resistant container. For example, the tray is at least one of stainless steel trays, aluminum alloy trays, polytetrafluoroethylene coated trays, and polypropylene trays. These loading containers are chemically stable and will not react with the active ingredients in the wet bezoar, nor will they release toxic or harmful substances that contaminate the bezoar, ensuring the medicinal safety of the dried bezoar. In some embodiments, the first gap is greater than 1 cm. For example, the first gap is 2 cm to 4 cm. It is understood that the range of the first gap can ensure smooth air circulation around each piece of wet bezoar, fully removing the water vapor released during the sublimation drying stage (HK 30138786 A 7), reducing the phenomenon of water vapor being reabsorbed and re-permeated by the bezoar due to excessive local humidity, which would affect the final drying effect. In some embodiments, the moisture content of the dried bezoar is not greater than 9%, and it is golden yellow in appearance, light and brittle in texture, with clear and complete concentric layers on the cross-section, without collapse or oil return. It meets the moisture content requirements of natural bezoar used in traditional Chinese medicine, ensuring that the bezoar will not mold during storage and transportation, and meeting the medicinal standards. The dried bezoar is packaged in sealed glass bottles or aluminum foil bags and stored in a light-proof, airtight environment at a temperature ≤25℃ and humidity ≤45% to improve its storage stability, reduce oxidation and deterioration of active ingredients, and ensure its medicinal quality. This application provides a method for drying bezoar, comprising: placing wet bezoar in an environment with a temperature of -40℃ to -20℃ under an inert atmosphere and freezing for a first preset time, obtaining a freeze-dried product; the first preset time is 4h to 6h. The freeze-dried product is then placed in an environment with a temperature of 25℃ to 28℃ for vacuum drying for a second preset time, obtaining a dried product; the second preset time is 60h to 72h. Finally, the dried product is placed in an environment with a temperature of 35℃ to 38℃ for drying for a third preset time, obtaining the dried bezoar; the third preset time is 2h to 4h. This application provides a drying method for bezoar, including a freezing stage, a vacuum drying stage, and a desorption drying stage. The freeze-drying stage removes moisture from the bezoar at low temperatures, reducing the damage to heat-sensitive active ingredients caused by high-temperature drying. Simultaneously, the entire process is carried out under an inert atmosphere, minimizing oxidation of active ingredients and maximizing their preservation. The vacuum drying stage controls the vacuum environment and a suitable heating rate to ensure stable sublimation of ice crystals, reducing the collapse of the bezoar's tissue structure and maintaining its original loose and porous structure. The desorption drying stage further removes residual bound water through appropriate temperature and duration, ensuring the final product's moisture content meets pharmaceutical standards. Secondly, this application also provides a traditional Chinese medicine preparation, including bezoar prepared by the drying method described in any of the first aspects. This bezoar has a porous structure and good rehydration properties.Traditional Chinese medicine preparations can be any of the following types: tablets, pills, powders, ointments, elixirs, decoctions, granules, capsules, and injections. The appropriate preparation type can be selected according to clinical needs to adapt to different administration requirements, ensuring stable efficacy while better meeting the convenience of clinical use. The following describes embodiments of this application. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially. Example 1 HK 30138786 A 8 Raw materials: fresh natural bezoar; Origin: Argentina; Initial moisture content: 78.5%; Appearance: dark yellow with a sheen, soft texture. Equipment: Vacuum freeze dryer (model: LGJ-30F) (1) Place the wet bezoar in a single layer in a stainless steel freeze-drying tray, put it into the cold trap of the vacuum freeze dryer, cool it down to -30℃ at a rate of -1℃ / min, and freeze it at -30℃ for 4 hours to obtain the freeze-dried product. (2) Turn on the vacuum pump, reduce the vacuum degree of the vacuum freeze dryer to 0.2mbar, set the shelf temperature to 25℃, and dry for 60 hours to obtain the dried product. The vacuum degree is stable between 0.15mbar and 0.25mbar during the vacuum drying process. (3) Raise the shelf temperature to 35℃, keep the vacuum degree at 0.2mbar, and continue drying for 3 hours to obtain the dried bezoar. (4) Turn off the vacuum, fill the freezer with nitrogen, take out the dried bezoar, put it into an aluminum foil bag and seal it for storage. Example 2 Raw materials: fresh natural bezoar; Origin: Argentina; Initial moisture content: 78.5%; Appearance: dark yellow with luster, soft texture. Equipment: Vacuum freeze dryer (model: LGJ-30F) (1) Place the wet bezoar in a single layer in a stainless steel freeze-drying tray, put it into the cold trap of the vacuum freeze dryer, cool it down to -20℃ at a rate of -1℃ / min, and freeze it at -20℃ for 4 hours to obtain freeze-dried product. (2) Turn on the vacuum pump, reduce the vacuum degree of the vacuum freeze dryer to 0.3mbar, set the shelf temperature to 30℃, and dry for 65 hours to obtain dried product. (3) Raise the shelf temperature to 35℃, keep the vacuum degree at 0.3mbar, and continue drying for 3 hours to obtain dried bezoar. (4) Turn off the vacuum, fill the freezer with nitrogen, take out the dried bezoar, put it into an aluminum foil bag and seal it for storage. Example 3 Raw material: fresh natural bezoar; Origin: Argentina; Initial moisture content: 78.5%; Appearance: dark yellow with luster, soft texture.Equipment: Vacuum freeze dryer (model: LGJ-30F) (1) Place the wet bezoar in a single layer in a stainless steel freeze-drying tray, put it into the cold trap of the vacuum freeze dryer, cool it to -40℃ at a rate of HK 30138786 A 9 -1℃ / min, and freeze it at -40℃ for 4h to obtain freeze-dried product. (2) Turn on the vacuum pump, reduce the vacuum degree of the vacuum freeze dryer to 0.1mbar, set the shelf temperature to 28℃, and dry for 72 hours to obtain dried product. (3) Raise the shelf temperature to 35℃, keep the vacuum degree at 0.1mbar, and continue drying for 3h to obtain dried bezoar. (4) Turn off the vacuum, fill the freezer with nitrogen, take out the dried bezoar, put it into an aluminum foil bag and seal it for storage. Comparative Example 1 Raw material: fresh natural bezoar; Origin: Argentina; Initial moisture content: 78.5%; Appearance: dark yellow with luster, soft texture. Equipment: Vacuum freeze dryer (model: LGJ-30F) (1) Place the wet bezoar in a single layer in a stainless steel freeze-drying tray, put it into the cold trap of the vacuum freeze dryer, cool it down to -50℃ at a rate of -1℃ / min, and freeze it at -50℃ for 4 hours to obtain freeze-dried product. (2) Turn on the vacuum pump, reduce the vacuum degree of the vacuum freeze dryer to 0.2mbar, set the shelf temperature to 35℃, and dry for 55 hours to obtain dried product. (3) Raise the shelf temperature to 38℃, keep the vacuum degree at 0.2mbar, and continue drying for 3 hours to obtain dried bezoar. (4) Turn off the vacuum, fill the freezer with nitrogen, take out the dried bezoar, put it into an aluminum foil bag and seal it for storage. Comparative Example 2 Raw material: fresh natural bezoar; Origin: Argentina; Initial moisture content: 78.5%; Appearance: dark yellow with luster, soft texture. Equipment: Vacuum freeze dryer (model: LGJ-30F) (1) Place the wet bezoar in a single layer in a stainless steel freeze-drying tray, put it into the cold trap of the vacuum freeze dryer, cool it down to -10℃ at a rate of -1℃ / min, and freeze it at -10℃ for 4 hours to obtain freeze-dried product. (2) Turn on the vacuum pump, reduce the vacuum degree of the vacuum freeze dryer to 0.3mbar, set the shelf temperature to 30℃, and dry for 70 hours to obtain dried product. (3) Raise the shelf temperature to 35℃, keep the vacuum degree at 0.3mbar, and continue drying for 3 hours to obtain dried HK 30138786 A 10 bezoar. (4) Turn off the vacuum, fill the freezer with nitrogen, take out the dried bezoar, put it into an aluminum foil bag and seal it for storage. Comparative Example 3 Raw material: fresh natural bezoar; Origin: Argentina; Initial moisture content: 78.5%; Appearance: dark yellow with luster, soft texture. (1) Spread the wet bezoar evenly on a 304 stainless steel tray in a single layer. Place the tray in an electric thermostatic drying oven (model: DHG-9240A), set the temperature to 45℃, and continue drying for 48 hours to obtain the dried bezoar.During the drying process, the bezoar was not turned over, and the door of the chamber was opened quickly once every 8 hours to remove moisture (≤1 minute). Comparative Example 4 Raw materials: fresh natural bezoar; origin: Argentina; initial moisture content: 78.5%; appearance: dark yellow with luster, soft texture. Equipment: vacuum freeze dryer (model: LGJ-30F) (1) The wet bezoar was placed in a single layer in a stainless steel freeze-drying tray, placed in the cold trap of the vacuum freeze dryer, cooled to -50℃ at a rate of -1℃ / min, and frozen at -50℃ for 4 hours to obtain freeze-dried product. (2) The vacuum pump was turned on, the vacuum degree of the vacuum freeze dryer was reduced to 0.2mbar, the shelf temperature was set to 40℃, and the bezoar was dried for 66 hours to obtain dried bezoar. (3) The vacuum was turned off, nitrogen was introduced into the freezer, the dried bezoar was taken out, and sealed in an aluminum foil bag for storage. The bezoar prepared in Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 were tested as follows, and the test results are shown in Table 1. Moisture content test: The moisture content of the dried bezoar was determined using the drying method, following the procedures specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The final moisture content results were recorded. Appearance evaluation: Three licensed traditional Chinese medicine practitioners comprehensively evaluated the appearance, texture, cross-sectional layering, and odor characteristics of the dried bezoar. Bilirubin retention rate test: The bilirubin content in the dried bezoar was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The bilirubin retention rate was calculated as follows: Bilirubin retention rate = (bilirubin content after drying × mass of dried bezoar) / (bilirubin content before drying × mass of bezoar before drying) × 100%. The results were recorded. Table 1. Parameters Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Moisture Content (%) 7.9 8.3 8.0 8.5 8.8 Appearance: Golden yellow, full golden yellow, slightly sunken golden yellow, full deep yellow, obviously sunken light yellow, surface wet and sticky Cross-section layer texture very clear Relatively clear Very clear Blurred disappearance Bilirubin Retention Rate (%) 96.8 94.5 95.2 85.0 90.2 As can be seen from Table 1, the dried bezoar prepared by Examples 1 to 3 of this application using the process parameters within the scope defined in this application all have a moisture content of less than 9%, which meets the requirements for medicinal moisture content. The appearance is good, and the bilirubin retention rate is more than 94%, which can maximize the retention of the core active ingredients in bezoar. However, the freezing temperature of Comparative Example 1 is lower than the lower limit defined in this application. The final bezoar appearance shows obvious collapse, the cross-section layer texture is blurred, and the bilirubin retention rate is only 85%, which is far lower than that of the examples in this application. Comparative Example 2 had a freezing temperature higher than the upper limit specified in this application, resulting in insufficient freezing effect. The final product was wet and sticky, with the cross-sectional texture disappearing, and the bilirubin retention rate was only 90.2%. The drying effect was not as good as that of the embodiments in this application. In particular, the bezoar prepared using Example 1 had the lowest water content, the best appearance, and the highest bilirubin retention rate, making it the optimal embodiment of this application.The bezoars prepared in Examples 1, 3, and 4 were subjected to the following tests, and the results are shown in Table 2. Moisture content test: The moisture content of the dried bezoars was determined using the drying method, following the procedures specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and the final moisture content results were recorded. Appearance evaluation: Three licensed traditional Chinese medicine practitioners comprehensively evaluated the appearance, texture, cross-sectional layering, and odor characteristics of the dried bezoars. Surface oil film test: A small amount of bezoar was placed in clean water. If oil droplets or oily floating matter appeared on the water surface, it indicated that there might be non-natural lipid substances on the surface of the bezoars. Bilirubin retention rate test: The bilirubin content in the dried bezoars was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the bilirubin retention rate was calculated as: bilirubin retention rate = (bilirubin content after drying × mass of dried bezoar) / (bilirubin content before drying × mass of bezoar before drying) × 100%. The results were recorded. Comprehensive score: Color (golden yellow 10 points, dark yellow 5 points, brown 0 points), structural integrity (no collapse 10 points, collapse 0 points), clarity of layer texture, and bilirubin retention rate are obtained by linear conversion. Table 2 Parameter Example 1 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 HK 30138786 A 12 Moisture content (%) 7.9 8.9 7.5 Color Golden yellow Dark yellow to brown Deep yellow, local dark spots Collapse / deformation No obvious shrinkage Severe collapse Surface oil film No No Cross-section clear blurred disappearance of layer texture Bilirubin retention rate (%) 96.8 78.2 82.5 Comprehensive score (out of 10 points) 9.5 3.5 5.0 According to Table 2, the bezoar prepared in Example 1 has a comprehensive score much higher than that of Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4. All indicators meet the requirements of natural bezoar for medicinal use. The bilirubin retention rate can reach 96.8%, which maximizes the retention of the core active ingredients of bezoar. Comparative Example 3, using a conventional constant-temperature drying method, resulted in significant bilirubin loss, with a retention rate of only 78.2%. Furthermore, the dried bezoar showed marked shrinkage, blurred cross-sectional texture, and a dull color, achieving a comprehensive score of only 3.5 points. Its drying effect was far inferior to the method described in this application. Comparative Example 4, using a general freeze-drying method, achieved the required moisture content in the final product, but due to excessively low temperatures during the freezing stage and excessively high temperatures during the vacuum drying stage, some lipid components in the bezoar leaked out, forming an oil film on the surface. This caused severe structural collapse, disappearance of cross-sectional texture, and a bilirubin retention rate of only 82.5%. In summary, the bezoar drying method provided in this application, by controlling the process parameters of the three stages—freezing, vacuum drying, and analytical drying—within the limits specified in this application, and with the protection of an inert atmosphere throughout the process, ensures that the moisture content of the dried bezoar meets pharmaceutical requirements while preserving the active ingredients to a greater extent. This enhances the efficacy of the final drug, maintains the unique appearance and internal structure of natural bezoar, and the drying process is stable and controllable, making it suitable for large-scale industrial production of natural bezoar.Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them; under the concept of this application, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of this application as described above. For the sake of brevity, they are not provided in detail; although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application. HK 30138786 A 1 Claim 1. A method for drying bezoar, characterized in that it comprises: placing wet bezoar in an environment with a temperature of -40°C to -20°C under an inert atmosphere and freezing for a first preset time to obtain a freeze-dried product; the first preset time is 4h to 6h; placing the freeze-dried product in an environment with a temperature of 25°C to 28°C for vacuum drying for a second preset time to obtain a dried product; the second preset time is 60h to 72h; placing the dried product in an environment with a temperature of 35°C to 38°C for drying for a third preset time to obtain dried bezoar; the third preset time is 2h to 4h. 2. The drying method according to claim 1, characterized in that, placing the wet bezoar in an environment with a temperature of -40°C to -20°C comprises: placing the wet bezoar in a freeze dryer, and controlling the freeze dryer to cool to -40°C to -20°C at a cooling rate of -0.5°C / min to -1.5°C / min. 3. The drying method according to claim 1, characterized in that, before placing the wet bezoar in an environment with a temperature of -40°C to -20°C, the freeze-drying method further comprises: placing the wet bezoar at a temperature of 2°C to 8°C for 0.5h to 2h. 4. The drying method according to claim 1, characterized in that, before placing the freeze-dried material in an environment with a temperature of 25°C to 28°C, the freeze-drying method further comprises: adjusting the vacuum degree of the environment containing the freeze-dried material to 0.1mbar to 0.5mbar. 5. The drying method according to claim 1, characterized in that, before placing the freeze-dried material in an environment with a temperature of 25°C to 28°C, the freeze-drying method further includes: increasing the temperature of the environment where the freeze-dried material is located to 25°C to 28°C at a rate of 1°C / min to 5°C / min.6. The drying method according to claim 1, characterized in that, before placing the dried material in an environment with a temperature of 35°C to 38°C, the freeze-drying method further includes: using a stepped heating method, raising the temperature of the environment containing the dried material to 30°C at a heating rate of 0.2°C / min to 0.5°C / min, and then raising the temperature to 35°C to 38°C at a heating rate of 0.1°C / min to 0.3°C / min. HK 30138786 A 2 7. The drying method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, the moisture content of the dried bezoar is less than 9%. 8. The drying method according to claim 1, characterized in that, before placing the wet bezoar in an environment with a temperature of -40°C to -20°C, the drying method further includes: cutting the wet bezoar into slices and / or blocks, placing them in a loading container, wherein adjacent slices of the wet bezoar have a first gap. 9. The drying method according to claim 8, characterized in that the thickness of the sheet-like and / or block-like wet bezoar is 5 mm to 8 mm; and / or, the mass of the sheet-like and / or block-like wet bezoar is 5 g to 15 g. 10. A traditional Chinese medicine preparation, characterized in that it comprises bezoar prepared by the drying method according to any one of claims 1 to 9; the bezoar has a porous structure. HK 30138786 A 1 Specification Drawings Figure 1 HK 30138786 A.

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