Hydraulic 3d-printing system and method

Abstract

This invention relates to a system and method for printing 3D objects using a hydraulic device. The device can include cartridges or container assemblies that can be single-use or disposable. The container assembly can integrally house structures such as pistons, platforms, multiple chambers, and channels, wherein the channels and chambers are fluidly connected and configured to hold sufficient 3D printing material suitable for printing a single 3D object. In an exemplary embodiment, a moving piston transfers 3D printing material from one chamber to another where the platform is located; radiation from a light engine coupled to a chamber including the platform exposes the 3D printing material to curing light on the platform surface or to a cured layer of printing material on the platform, thereby constructing a 3D object on the platform.

Description

[0001] Priority and related applications

[0002] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. non-provisional application No. 18 / 198257, filed May 16, 2023, which claims priority to U.S. provisional application No. 63 / 433,185, filed December 16, 2022. The disclosure of each application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] This invention generally relates to additive manufacturing methods using a three-dimensional (3D) printer. More specifically, this invention relates to systems and methods for printing 3D objects that employ hydraulic principles to efficiently construct the 3D printed objects. Background Technology

[0004] Traditionally, printing material canisters have been designed to be as large as possible to allow 3D printers to print objects of various sizes or as many objects as possible in a single print job. However, for some users (e.g., dentists or dental professionals), large canisters are undesirable, especially when only a single object (typically small) is the subject of the print job. For example, a large canister might not be desirable for dental professionals to print 3D-printed crowns. There are several reasons why smaller canisters are desired when print jobs involve small objects, including but not limited to: maximizing the use of potentially wasted resources such as resin or printing material; avoiding the time wasted cleaning large canisters between uses; the need to change resin types between jobs that are typically suitable for custom print jobs; avoiding human error naturally arising from the need to change and manually maintain large resin canisters; and the shortened lifespan of resin poured into the canister but not used immediately. Therefore, there is a clear need for systems and methods to eliminate the problems or obstacles that arise when printing small, particularly custom, 3D-printed objects is desired.

[0005] For illustrative purposes, SprintRay's current printing apparatus typically consists of a large resin tank and a build platform. Before printing, the user needs to add a certain volume of resin to the resin tank. During the printing process, the resin cures through radiation on the bottom of the build platform, thus forming a 3D object. See, for example... Figure 1 The image shows a ProS resin canister from SprintRay, an embodiment of which is described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20210146616A1.

[0006] However, if a user wants to print small objects, such as 3D objects like dental crowns, due to the size limitations of the resin tank, the user will still need to add an unnecessary amount of resin to the tank; in fact, for small objects like dental crowns, most of the resin in the tank will not be used, will not cure into layers or parts of the intended object, and will therefore be wasted. Meanwhile, the remaining resin or printing material typically poured into the tank will degrade due to exposure to air; that is, any unused remaining printing material will lose its freshness, which will inevitably affect the freshness of the printing material used subsequently, and may affect the quality of the object printed during subsequent jobs. This is technically because resin is typically used to fill the bottom of the resin tank, and is continuously replenished between the build platform and the resin tank after each layer of the target 3D object is printed.

[0007] As another example, in some conventional printing devices that utilize printing materials or resin canisters, approximately 1000 ml of resin is typically filled into the canister to print a dental crown. However, during the printing process, only about 1 to 2 ml of resin is actually used, or more precisely, cured, to construct the crown. Therefore, when printing small objects, less than 1% of the resin in a conventional canister can be used.

[0008] While residual resin can be recycled, the recycling process impacts its freshness and adequacy for future use. This is not only highly inconvenient, but also because moisture molecules in the air can contaminate the resin in various ways when it remains exposed, leading to a decline in quality, which in turn translates to a decrease in the performance of the cured 3D object. Furthermore, it's worth noting that humidity and dust in the air can also affect the accuracy of the cured 3D object, as the resin is exposed to air even during the printing process. For the same reason, especially when printing small 3D objects, large resin tanks and large build platforms result in more resin waste, less efficient 3D printed parts, and limited performance and durability.

[0009] Another common issue, particularly in dentistry, involves the materials typically required for certain printing jobs. For example, artificial crowns often require higher performance than other parts or components, so the printing material forming artificial crowns typically needs a high-viscosity resin to ensure flexural strength, flexural modulus, rigidity, lifespan, etc. However, high-viscosity resins may not be suitable for existing 3D printers (e.g., bottom-up printers). Traditionally, in bottom-up printers, the build platform descends to a position equal to the layer thickness of the object as each layer cures. However, due to the high viscosity of the resin and the large size limitations of the build platform, there will be significant fluid forces between the resin and the build platform; that is, these fluid forces can greatly restrict the downward movement of the build platform, making it possible that the build platform may not descend to the desired position within the intended timeframe, especially when printing the initial layers. Therefore, because the build platform may not descend to the intended position, the resin thickness between the bottom of the resin tank and the lower surface of the build platform will be thicker than the intended layer thickness of the object, resulting in insufficiently cured resin layers, especially portions of layers adjacent to the build platform. Additionally, an insufficiently cured layer will prevent the initial layer of resin from adhering to the lower surface of the build platform; in this way, printing will fail. To address these issues with some of the high-viscosity resins required for builds, there are specialized cans suitable for high-viscosity printing materials. For example, cans such as those described in SprintRay's U.S. Patent 1,115,5028 and U.S. Patent Application Publication US20220024117A1.

[0010] The problem arises again when switching between a small job that requires one type of printing material and another job that requires a different type. Practitioners (in a dental setting) or users who expect to print several jobs may find themselves cleaning the resin tank, changing the resin tank, adding or switching printing materials between jobs, or even switching printers entirely.

[0011] Therefore, there are needs that have not been adequately addressed by existing technologies, and this invention was developed precisely for these objectives. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The present invention is generally a 3D printing system and method employing a hydraulic device configured to facilitate the efficient construction of 3D printed objects.

[0013] Various aspects of the present invention relate to methods, systems, and apparatus for printing or forming 3D objects using fluid dynamics (e.g., hydraulics) principles to optimize the efficiency and quality of products constructed using these methods, systems, and apparatuses.

[0014] One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for printing 3D objects. In an exemplary embodiment, the method may include the steps of: (a) actuating a piston inside a first chamber adapted to actuate movement of a platform inside a second chamber in fluid communication with the first chamber; (b) transferring at least a portion of printing material stored at least partially in the first chamber to the second chamber, the second chamber including a printing area between a window surface and the platform; (c) emitting curing light through the window to cure a layer of printing material onto the platform or onto a previously cured layer of printing material already cured onto the platform; and (d) repeating steps (a)-(c) until a three-dimensional object is formed.

[0015] In some exemplary embodiments, actuating a piston inside a first chamber hydraulically actuates a platform. In some exemplary embodiments, actuating a piston inside a first chamber hydraulically actuates a piston in a second chamber, the piston in the second chamber forming at least a portion of the platform.

[0016] In some exemplary embodiments, step (a) may include (a-1) moving the piston in a single direction along the axis of the first chamber. In some exemplary embodiments, step (a-1) may include (a-2) continuously moving the piston until a three-dimensional object is formed. In some exemplary embodiments, step (a-1) may include (a-3) pausing the movement of the piston at programmable intervals until a three-dimensional object is formed.

[0017] In some exemplary embodiments, step (b) may include (b-1) depositing a layer of printing material onto the glass surface of the window. In some exemplary embodiments, step (b) may include (b-2) depositing a layer of printing material onto a film or coating that at least partially forms the window. In some exemplary embodiments, the film may be a flexible oxygen-permeable film. In some exemplary embodiments, the film or coating may be a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, a polymethylpentene (PMP) film, a transparent polymer X (TPX) film, or a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film.

[0018] In some exemplary embodiments, step (d) may include (d-1) substantially consuming the printing material stored in the first chamber. In some exemplary embodiments, the method may additionally include (e) releasing the platform from the second chamber to allow access to a three-dimensional object formed on the platform. In some exemplary embodiments, the method may additionally include (f) breaking or removing the seal of the container assembly housing the first and second chambers prior to actuating the piston.

[0019] Another aspect of the invention relates to a system for forming or printing a three-dimensional object. In an exemplary embodiment, the system may include: a cartridge or container assembly for holding one or more printing materials to print a three-dimensional object, the container assembly including: a first chamber adapted to store a first printing material; a platform movable within a second chamber, the second chamber being in fluid communication with the first chamber; and a first piston movable within the first chamber and configured to hydraulically actuate the movement of the platform within the second chamber by transferring at least a portion of the first printing material in the first chamber to a printing area between a surface of a window in the second chamber and the platform. An actuator may be coupled to a controller and configured to move the first piston; and a curing and emitting module communicating with the controller may be configured to emit curing light through the window to cure at least a portion of a layer of printing material to the platform or to a previously cured layer of printing material until a three-dimensional object is formed.

[0020] In some exemplary embodiments, the movement of the piston hydraulically actuates the movement of the platform. In some exemplary embodiments, the movement of the piston inside the first chamber hydraulically actuates a piston in a second chamber, the piston in the second chamber forming at least a portion of the platform. In some exemplary embodiments, the piston is adapted to move in a single direction along the axis of the first chamber until a three-dimensional object is formed. In some exemplary embodiments, the piston is further adapted to move continuously along the axis of the first chamber until a three-dimensional object is formed. In some exemplary embodiments, the piston is further adapted to pause its movement at programmable intervals until a three-dimensional object is formed.

[0021] In some exemplary embodiments, the system further includes a membrane or coating disposed above the inner surface of the window. In some exemplary embodiments, the membrane or coating disposed above the inner surface of the window may be one of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane, a polymethylpentene (PMP) membrane, a transparent polymer X (TPX) membrane, or a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) membrane. In some exemplary embodiments, the window includes a flexible oxygen-permeable membrane.

[0022] In some exemplary embodiments, the container assembly houses first and second chambers. In some exemplary embodiments, the system further includes a removable seal that keeps the first and second chambers airtight. In some exemplary embodiments, the system further includes a removable lid to prevent light from passing through a window of the container assembly.

[0023] In some exemplary embodiments, the system for printing 3D objects according to the present invention may include: a controller; a container assembly adapted for hermetically storing printing material, comprising: a housing housing containing a first chamber adapted for storing printing material and a second chamber adapted for receiving a platform; a channel connecting a sidewall of the first chamber to a sidewall of the second chamber within the housing, such that the first chamber and the second chamber are in fluid communication; and a structure movable within the first chamber, adapted to transfer a portion of the printing material from the first chamber to a printing area between a window surface and a platform in the second chamber; a motor coupled to the controller and configured to move the structure; and a light-emitting module communicating with the controller and configured to emit curing light through the window to cure at least a layer of printing material onto the platform or a cured layer of printing material cured onto the platform, so as to construct a 3D object on the platform.

[0024] In some exemplary embodiments, the arm may be coupled to a motor and adapted to press against the structure of the container assembly. The housing for the controller, motor, and light-emitting module may include a retaining frame disposed on the outer surface of the housing, adapted to receive the container assembly. The housing may include one or more user interface devices, including but not limited to a touchscreen interface disposed on the exterior of the housing.

[0025] In an exemplary embodiment, the system may further include a heating module adapted to heat printing material inside the container assembly. The heating module may include a transparent surface heater disposed above a portion of the retaining frame. The heating module may include a layer composed of an indium tin oxide (ITO) coating. The heating module may include an adapter removably coupled to the retaining frame, the adapter having a heating element disposed on a wall of the adapter. The heating module may include a heating element disposed above an arm and adapted to transfer heat to the container assembly.

[0026] Another aspect of the invention relates to an apparatus, such as a cartridge or container assembly, that holds printing material for printing three-dimensional objects, wherein the container assembly includes a platform adapted to facilitate the construction of a 3D object onto the platform within the container assembly. In some exemplary embodiments, the container assembly may include: a first chamber adapted to store first printing material; a platform movable within a second chamber in fluid communication with the first chamber; and a first piston movable within the first chamber and configured to hydraulically actuate the movement of the platform within the second chamber by transferring at least a portion of the first printing material in the first chamber to the second chamber. The second chamber may include a printing area between a surface of a window and the platform, wherein the window is adapted to receive curing light for curing a layer of the first printing material onto the platform to construct a three-dimensional object on the platform.

[0027] In some exemplary embodiments, the piston is a first piston, and the platform includes a surface of a second piston adapted to move inside a second chamber.

[0028] In some exemplary embodiments, the container assembly further includes a base that includes an opening for exposing the window. In some exemplary embodiments, the container assembly further includes a membrane or coating disposed above the inner surface of the window. In some exemplary embodiments, the membrane or coating disposed above the inner surface of the window includes one of the following: a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane; a polymethylpentene (PMP) membrane; a transparent polymer X (TPX) membrane; or a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) membrane. In some exemplary embodiments, the window of the container assembly includes a flexible oxygen-permeable membrane. In some exemplary embodiments, the flexible oxygen-permeable membrane is adapted to rest against the glass surface of a 3D printing apparatus configured to support the base of the container assembly.

[0029] In some exemplary embodiments, the container assembly may additionally include a removable seal that maintains the first and second chambers airtight until the seal is removed. In some exemplary embodiments, the container assembly may additionally include a removable lid to prevent light from passing through the window.

[0030] In some exemplary embodiments, the container assembly further includes a third chamber in fluid communication with the second chamber; and a second piston movable within the third chamber and adapted to hydraulically actuate a platform within the second chamber by transferring at least a portion of the second printing material stored in the third chamber to a printing area within the second chamber.

[0031] Another aspect of the invention relates to a 3D printer or apparatus employing a hydraulic device to print three-dimensional objects. The apparatus may include: an actuator adapted to actuate movement of a piston movable within a container assembly adapted to hold one or more printing materials and print a three-dimensional object; a base adapted to receive the container assembly; a controller coupled to the actuator; and a curing and light-emitting module communicating with the controller, wherein the controller is configured to: (a) actuate movement of a piston within a first chamber of the container assembly, the piston being adapted to hydraulically actuate movement of a platform within a second chamber in fluid communication with the first chamber; (b) transfer at least a portion of the printing material at least partially stored in the first chamber to the second chamber, the second chamber including a printing area between a window surface and the platform; (c) emit curing light through the window to cure a layer of printing material onto the platform or onto a previously cured layer of printing material already cured onto the platform; and (d) repeat steps (a)-(c) until a three-dimensional object is formed.

[0032] In some exemplary embodiments, the container assembly includes a spring that can be released by a controller, for example by actuating an actuator adapted to release the spring; the spring may be adapted to actuate movement of a piston.

[0033] In some exemplary embodiments, the actuator is configured to directly or indirectly actuate the piston to move the piston within the chamber of the container assembly. In some exemplary embodiments, the piston hydraulically actuates the movement of the platform.

[0034] In some exemplary embodiments, the actuator is configured to pull the platform directly or indirectly. In some exemplary embodiments, the movement of the platform hydraulically actuates the movement of the piston.

[0035] In some exemplary embodiments, the release spring actuates the movement of the piston, and the controller actuation is configured to directly or indirectly pull the actuator of the platform.

[0036] Various objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which certain embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of description and example. The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, include exemplary embodiments of the invention and illustrate various objects and features of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Other objects, features, and characteristics of the invention, as well as the methods of operation and functions of the related elements of the structure, and the economy of combination and manufacture of the parts, will become more apparent upon consideration of the following description and appended claims with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form part of this specification. Unless otherwise specified, the drawings are not drawn to scale.

[0038] Figure 1 Explain the resin tanks of the prior art.

[0039] Figure 2-1 A block diagram illustrating the system according to the present invention is provided.

[0040] Figure 2-2 A block diagram illustrating an apparatus according to the present invention suitable for holding printing material and printing three-dimensional objects.

[0041] Figure 2-3 A block diagram illustrating a system for printing three-dimensional objects according to the present invention is provided.

[0042] Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2 An apparatus and method according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described.

[0043] Figure 4 A system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0044] Figure 5 This describes a container assembly for printing 3D objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 6This describes a container assembly for printing 3D objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 7 An exemplary cross-sectional view of the chamber of an apparatus for printing 3D objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0047] Figure 8 illustrate Figure 7 An exemplary close-up view of the cross-sectional diagram shown.

[0048] Figure 9 A system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0049] Figure 10 This describes a container assembly for printing 3D objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 11 An exemplary bottom view illustrating a container assembly for printing 3D objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 12 An exemplary bottom view illustrating a container assembly for printing 3D objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figures 12-1 to 12-4 This describes a method for printing 3D objects performed by a system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 13-1 This describes a method for printing three-dimensional objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 13-2 This describes a system for printing three-dimensional objects using a variety of materials according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 13-3 This describes a system for printing three-dimensional objects using a variety of materials according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figures 14-16 Several views illustrating an apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention are provided.

[0057] Figure 17 This describes a system for printing three-dimensional objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 18 This describes the configuration for supporting or receiving according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Figure 17 The system shown is a container assembly or a container assembly support for a cartridge.

[0059] Figure 19This describes a system for printing three-dimensional objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 20 This describes the configuration for supporting or receiving according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Figure 19 The system shown includes one or more container components or cartridge container component supports.

[0061] Figure 21 This describes a washing system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, suitable for receiving a platform of a system for printing three-dimensional objects.

[0062] Figure 21-1 A flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for washing a 3D printed object constructed by a system for printing three-dimensional objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0063] Figures 21-2 to 21-10 An exemplary washing system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0064] Figure 22 This describes exemplary embodiments of container components, specifically those that improve build or print speed and simplify the main body of the container component.

[0065] Figures 23-1 to 23-4 The piston is described, and more specifically, exemplary embodiments of pistons of different shapes that may be used according to the invention are described.

[0066] Figure 23-5 An exemplary guide structure that can be used according to the present invention is described.

[0067] Figures 24-1 to 24-3 The main configuration of the container component according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention is described.

[0068] Figures 24-4 to 24-5 Explanation based on Figure 24-1 A cross-sectional view of the container component body configuration of the embodiment shown.

[0069] Figures 24-6 to 24-9 The main configuration of the container component according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention is described.

[0070] Figure 25 The system described herein is illustrated with some exemplary embodiments.

[0071] Figure 26 Exemplary hydraulic printing apparatus or container assembly are described.

[0072] Figure 27 illustrate Figure 26 An exploded view of the container components in the diagram.

[0073] Figure 28for Figure 26 A close-up view of one of the chamber walls of the container assembly.

[0074] Figure 29 A top view illustrating an exemplary container component according to the present invention.

[0075] Figure 30 A cross-sectional view illustrating an exemplary container assembly according to the present invention is provided.

[0076] Figure 31 A close-up view illustrating an exemplary container assembly or ink cartridge according to the present invention.

[0077] Figure 32 An isometric side view illustrating a portion of the 3D printing apparatus according to the present invention.

[0078] Figure 33 This describes a container assembly connected to an actuator according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0079] Figure 34 An exploded view illustrating a container component according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0080] Figure 35 A perspective view illustrating a container assembly according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0081] Figure 36-1 and Figure 36-2 Side views and cross-sectional views of a container assembly according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown.

[0082] Figure 37 and Figure 38 This describes a 3D printing system according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0083] Figures 39 to 41 Packaging for container components is depicted according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention.

[0084] Figure 42 The system described herein is illustrated with some exemplary embodiments.

[0085] Figure 43 The system described herein is illustrated with some exemplary embodiments.

[0086] Figures 44 to 57 Different possible arrangements of heating elements on a system according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described.

[0087] Figures 58 to 59 Different possible positions or orientations of the container components according to the present invention are described.

[0088] Figures 60 to 64The system described herein is illustrated with some exemplary embodiments.

[0089] Figures 65 to 68 The system described herein is illustrated with some exemplary embodiments.

[0090] Figure 69 The system described herein is illustrated with some exemplary embodiments.

[0091] Figure 70 The system described herein is illustrated with some exemplary embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0092] In the following discussion of various embodiments and applications of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the invention, wherein specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced are depicted by way of illustration. It should be understood that other embodiments may be utilized, and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Wherever possible, the same reference numerals are used in the drawings and the following description to refer to the same or similar elements.

[0093] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are illustrated by example to provide a thorough understanding of the teachings. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these teachings can be practiced without such details. In other instances, well-known structures, components, and / or their functional or structural relationships have already been described at a relatively high level without detailed description, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of these teachings.

[0094] Throughout the specification and claims, terms may have nuanced meanings implied or suggested in a context beyond their explicitly stated meaning. Similarly, the phrase "in one embodiment / example" as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, and the phrase "in another embodiment / example" as used herein does not necessarily refer to a different embodiment. For example, the subject matter intended to be claimed includes combinations of all or part of the example embodiments.

[0095] Unless otherwise specifically stated, or understood in the context of use, conditional language used herein, such as “can,” “could,” “might,” “may,” “e.g.,” is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not, certain features, elements, and / or steps. Therefore, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that one or more embodiments require features, elements, and / or steps in any way, whether such features, elements, and / or steps are included in or to be performed in any particular embodiment.

[0096] The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” etc., are synonymous and used in an open-ended manner, not excluding additional elements, features, actions, operations, etc. Furthermore, the term “or” is used in its inclusive meaning (rather than its exclusive meaning), such that when used, for example, to connect a list of elements, the term “or” means one, some, or all of the elements in the list. Unless otherwise specifically stated, connecting language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, and Z” is also understood in its commonly used context to convey that an entry, term, etc., may be X, Y, or Z. Therefore, such connecting language is generally not intended to imply that some embodiments require at least one of X, at least one of Y, and at least one of Z to each be present. The terms “and or” mean that “and” is suitable for some embodiments, and “or” is suitable for some embodiments. Thus, A, B, and or C can be replaced by A, B, and C written in one sentence, and by A, B, or C written in another sentence. A, B, and / or C means that some embodiments may include A and B, some embodiments may include A and C, some embodiments may include B and C, some embodiments may include only A, some embodiments may include only B, some embodiments may include only C, and some embodiments include A, B, and C. The term "and or" is used to avoid unnecessary redundancy. Similarly, terms such as "a," "an," or "the" can also be understood to convey singular or plural usage, depending at least in part on the context. Furthermore, the term "based on" can be understood to not necessarily convey an exclusive set of factors, but rather to allow for the existence of additional factors that are not necessarily explicitly described, again, depending at least in part on the context.

[0097] While exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may be described, modifications, adaptations, and other implementations are possible. For example, elements illustrated in the drawings may be replaced, added, or modified, and the methods described herein may be modified by replacing, reordering, or adding stages to the disclosed methods. Therefore, nothing in the foregoing description is intended to imply that any particular feature, characteristic, step, module, or block is essential or indispensable. In fact, the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodied in various other forms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions, and changes may be made to the form of the methods and systems described herein without departing from the spirit of the invention or the invention disclosed herein. Therefore, the following detailed description does not limit this disclosure. Rather, the appropriate scope of this disclosure is defined by the appended claims.

[0098] For the purposes of this disclosure, the terms “upper,” “lower,” “right,” “left,” “rear,” “front,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” and their derivatives should be used in connection with the invention as oriented as shown in the figures. However, it should be understood that the invention may take various alternative orientations and sequences of steps unless explicitly stated to the contrary. It should also be understood that the specific apparatus and processes illustrated in the drawings and described in the following specification are merely exemplary embodiments of the inventive concepts as defined in the appended claims. Therefore, unless expressly stated otherwise in the claims, the specific dimensions and other physical characteristics relating to the embodiments disclosed herein should not be considered limiting.

[0099] As used in this disclosure, the term "comprise" and its variations, such as "comprising" and "comprises," are not intended to exclude other additions, components, ingredients, or steps.

[0100] Now turn to the figures depicting embodiments of the invention. Figure 2-1 A block diagram illustrating the system according to the present invention is provided. More specifically, Figure 2-1 The depiction system 100 includes, exemplarily, a container assembly 101 for holding printing material to print a three-dimensional object; a piston 102 movable within a first chamber of the container assembly 101, configured to: actuate movement of a platform 103 within a second chamber in fluid communication with the first chamber, and transfer at least a portion (e.g., layers) of printing material stored in the first chamber to the second chamber, wherein the second chamber includes a printing area between a surface of a window within the second chamber and the platform 102; an actuator 104 coupled to a controller 105 and configured to move the piston; and a curing light module 106 in communication with the controller 105, configured to emit curing light through a window to cure at least a portion of the layers of printing material to the platform or to a previously cured layer of printing material until a three-dimensional object is formed.

[0101] The container assembly 101 may be a container or cartridge suitable for holding one or more printing materials and for facilitating the construction of 3D objects on a platform 103, which is at least partially housed within the cartridge or container assembly 101. As will be described in more detail below, the piston 102 may be adapted to hydraulically drive the printing material inside the chamber of the container assembly to a second chamber or printing area between the window of the container assembly 101 and the platform.

[0102] Actuator 104 can be any type of actuator, or can be an actuator module including multiple types of actuators, which can be configured as a spring mechanism to release the container assembly, to push the piston 102, to pull the platform 103, or a combination of these functions without limiting the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that a variety of actuators and actuator types can be employed to achieve the desired functions described in this disclosure.

[0103] The controller 105 is coupled to or communicates with the actuator 104 and the curing light module 106. The controller 105 may include a storage having executable instructions configured to: (a) actuate movement of a piston 102 inside a first chamber of the container assembly 101, the piston 102 being adapted to hydraulically actuate movement of a platform 103 inside a second chamber in fluid communication with the first chamber; (b) transfer at least a portion of the printing material stored at least partially in the first chamber to the second chamber, the second chamber including a printing area between a window surface and the platform; (c) emit curing light through the window to cure a layer of printing material onto the platform 102 or onto a previously cured layer of printing material already cured onto the platform 102; and (d) repeat steps (a) through (c) until a three-dimensional object is formed.

[0104] The curing light module 106 is a light module configured to emit curing light through a window of the container assembly or cartridge to cure at least a portion or layer of the printing material onto the platform or onto a previously cured layer of the printing material until a three-dimensional object is formed. Any suitable light source and light type can be used, provided that the light source is suitable for the type of printing material to be cured.

[0105] Move to the next picture. Figure 2-2 A block diagram illustrating an apparatus for holding printing material according to the present invention is provided. In an exemplary embodiment, the apparatus includes components that function as a container (for long-term storage of printing material), as a canister (for storing printing material used during the printing process), and as a platform on which a desired 3D object can be formed. This apparatus, such as the container component, may be reusable in some embodiments and may be a cartridge suitable for storing just enough printing material for printing a desired object—a single-use cartridge, as will be further explained below with reference to other figures.

[0106] In an exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 2-2As described, container assembly 101 may include: a first chamber 107 adapted to store printing material (i.e., during the initial or storage phase, most (but not necessarily all) of the printing material can be stored inside the first chamber); a second chamber 108 in fluid communication with the first chamber 107; and a piston 102 movable within the first chamber 107, configured to actuate movement of a platform 103 within the second chamber 108 and transfer a portion of the printing material in the first chamber 107 to the second chamber. The second chamber 108 may include a printing area between the surface of a window in the second chamber 108 and the platform 103 (see, for example, [reference needed]). Figure 6 , Figure 12 , Figure 25 ).

[0107] As will become clearer with reference to the following additional figures, in some exemplary embodiments, movement of piston 102 hydraulically actuates movement of platform 103. In some exemplary embodiments, movement of piston 102 within a first chamber hydraulically actuates a piston in a second chamber, the piston in the second chamber forming at least a portion of platform 102. In some exemplary embodiments, piston 102 is adapted to move in a single direction along the axis of the first chamber until a three-dimensional object is formed. In some exemplary embodiments, piston 102 is further adapted to move continuously along the axis of the first chamber until a three-dimensional object is formed. In some exemplary embodiments, piston 102 is further adapted to pause movement at programmable intervals until a three-dimensional object is formed.

[0108] Figure 2-3 A block diagram illustrating an apparatus for constructing or printing three-dimensional objects according to the present invention. More specifically, Figure 2-3 This describes an apparatus 110 for printing 3D objects, such as a block diagram of a 3D printing system. Apparatus 110 may include: an actuator or actuator module 104 adapted to actuate movement of a piston 102 movable within a container assembly 101 adapted to hold one or more printing materials and print a three-dimensional object; a base or container assembly support 120 adapted to receive and / or secure the container assembly 101; a controller 105 coupled to the actuator 104; and a curing and emitting module 106 communicating with the controller 105, wherein the controller 105 is configured to: (a) actuate movement of a piston 102 within a first chamber of the container assembly 101, the piston 102 being adapted to hydraulically actuate movement of a platform 103 within a second chamber in fluid communication with the first chamber; and (b) transfer at least a portion of the printing material at least partially stored in the first chamber to the second chamber, the second chamber including a printing area between a window surface and the platform (e.g., and without limiting the scope of the invention, see...). Figure 6 , Figure 12 , Figure 25(a) ); (c) emitting curing light through a window to cure layers of printed material onto platform 102 or onto previously cured layers of printed material already cured onto platform 102; and (d) repeating steps (a)-(c) until a three-dimensional object is formed layer by layer.

[0109] In some exemplary embodiments, container assembly 101 includes a spring 109 or similar mechanism that actuates piston 102. In some exemplary embodiments, container assembly 101 does not include a spring mechanism. In exemplary embodiments, spring 109 may be released by controller 105, for example by actuating an actuator adapted to release the spring; once the spring is released or the mechanism is activated by actuator 104 or even manually activated by a user, the spring is adapted to actuate movement of the piston. In some exemplary embodiments, actuator 104 is configured to directly or indirectly push the piston to move the piston within a chamber of the container assembly. In some exemplary embodiments, piston 102 hydraulically actuates movement of platform 103. In some exemplary embodiments, spring 109 is alternatively coupled to platform 103 and pulls the platform, which hydraulically actuates piston 102.

[0110] In some exemplary embodiments, actuator 104 is alternatively configured to directly or indirectly pull platform 103. In some embodiments, a spring mechanism on the cartridge or container assembly is actuated to move the piston, and in addition, actuator 104 also directly or indirectly pulls platform 103. In some embodiments, the container assembly does not include a spring mechanism, and actuator 104 directly or indirectly pulls platform 103. In some embodiments, the container assembly does not include a spring mechanism, and actuator 104 directly or indirectly pushes piston 102. In some exemplary embodiments, actuator 104 only releases spring mechanism 109 to actuate or move piston 102. In exemplary embodiments, releasing the spring actuates the movement of the piston, and the controller actuates actuator 104 configured to directly or indirectly pull platform 103.

[0111] The container assembly support 120 can be any suitable structure adapted to receive at least a portion of the container assembly 101. For example, the container assembly support 120 can be as simple as a generally flat base, or it can be a more complex structure adapted to receive and align a portion of the container assembly 101 to secure the container assembly 101 to the support structure 120. In an exemplary embodiment, the support structure 120 secures the container assembly or even multiple container assemblies during a print job such that actuation of the piston or platform does not undesirably move the container assembly in a manner that interferes with print job quality.

[0112] Move to the next set of images. Figures 3-1 to 3-2 This describes an apparatus and method according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention. More specifically, Figure 3-1 An exemplary hydraulic device in its initial stage is shown. Figure 3-2 The apparatus is shown at the final stage of an exemplary printing process during which a 3D printed object is formed. (Reference) Figure 3-1 The hydraulic device 1 includes a body or housing 11, multiple chambers (e.g., a spare resin chamber 12 and a printing chamber 13), a channel 14, a piston 15, and a platform 16. The body 11 may typically be a hollow structure, with one or more openings only in the top region; the hollow structure may be divided into chambers 12 and 13 by a partition or divider 111. In an exemplary embodiment, since the divider 111 at least partially does not contact the bottom of the body 11, a channel 14 may be formed between chambers 12 and 13, thereby providing fluid communication between the two chambers. Therefore, when the piston 15 moves into chamber 12, printing material (resin 2 in this exemplary embodiment) flows from chamber 12 to chamber 13 through the channel 14; the platform 16 in chamber 13 is hydraulically moved. The piston 15 is at least partially mounted in the spare resin chamber 12, and the platform 16 is also at least partially mounted in the printing chamber 13.

[0113] The substrate 112, which may form the bottom portion of the main body 11, may include a window located between the platform 16 and the light engine 4 of the printing apparatus (see, for example, see...). Figure 4 The light source is preferably transparent (or, at least in areas suitable for guiding sufficient light to the platform 16, which is inside the printing chamber 13 – the printing area, as will be discussed separately below with reference to other figures). This allows radiation or curing light emitted from the photocuring module to pass through and cure the exposed printing material or resin 2 in the printing area or zone, allowing the resin to cure onto the platform or onto a previously cured layer of the printing material used.

[0114] As from Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2 As will be understood, another aspect of the present invention relates to a method. This method is described below with reference to the figures:

[0115] (1) Initial stage:

[0116] In the initial stage, platform 16 may be mounted or positioned closer to the bottom of printing chamber 13 than to the top of printing chamber, not necessarily in contact, but allowing the initial layer or thickness of the printed material to reach the top surface of substrate 112. A volume of resin 2 may be filled into the spare resin chamber 12 and channel 14. In an exemplary embodiment, the type and size of the target 3D object (to be printed), such as the height of the object to be printed, may determine the specific volume of resin 2 to be used and the height of the initial layer present in the second or printing chamber 13 in the initial stage. In this initial stage, piston 15 may be at least partially mounted or positioned inside chamber 12, contacting the top surface of resin 2 inside the storage or spare chamber 12.

[0117] (2) Printing process / stage

[0118] During the printing process, piston 15 is actuated downward a certain distance (e.g., 0.1 mm, which may be determined in part by the thickness of each layer of the 3D object and the relative cross-sectional areas of chambers 12 and 13) because resin 2 is incompressible, and the movement of piston hydraulically moves platform; resin 2 flows from chamber 12 into printing chamber 13, and platform 16 can also be actuated upward by a single layer thickness, for example by moving the single layer thickness from chamber 12 to chamber 13.

[0119] During the printing process, in addition to the movement of the piston and platform, the light engine 4 projects a specific pattern onto the printing area below or aligned with the printing chamber 13, causing at least one layer of resin 2 in the chamber 13 to cure, and the cured resin to adhere to the platform 16. Throughout the process, including printing the next or subsequent layers, the hydraulic printing device repeats the above steps until the entire 3D object is completed.

[0120] (3) Ending stage

[0121] During or at the end of the printing phase, once the entire 3D object has been printed, the user can remove the platform 16 from the printing chamber 13 and further detach the desired 3D object from the platform 16. In some exemplary embodiments, means for ejecting the platform from the chamber 13 and / or the housing 11 may be provided.

[0122] Figure 4 A system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described. For example... Figure 4 As shown, in some exemplary embodiments, in order to reduce the complexity of the 3D printer, the printing device 1 may be mounted on an existing 3D printer, for example and without limiting the scope of the invention in any way, on top of an existing resin tank 6; in this configuration, the tank 6 will be empty, but its clear or transparent bottom can be used as a base to support the device 1.

[0123] exist Figure 4 In the non-limiting example shown, the piston 15 of device 1 is actuated by the build platform 5, and the cross-sectional areas of chambers 12 and 13 are the same. Therefore, when printing smaller 3D objects, the user does not need to adjust the basic parameters of the 3D printer (e.g., printing speed, per stroke of the build platform 5, etc.) or set other parameters for compensation. In other embodiments, the hydraulic printing device 1 may be mounted on a mounting base 7 (e.g., see...). Figure 9 The mounting base can be configured to receive and secure the hydraulic printing device 1 in the appropriate position.

[0124] Move to the next picture. Figure 5 This describes a container assembly for printing 3D objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, Figure 5 An exemplary embodiment of a hydraulic printing apparatus 1 is shown, which may optionally include several sealing rings 18 that may be fixed to the bottom of the piston 15 and the platform 16 and are configured to prevent printing materials such as curable resin 2 from leaking to the outside of the housing or container body 11.

[0125] In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate 112 may be made of a flexible film 17 (e.g., a PDMS film, a TPX film, an FEP film; see also...). Figure 7 Replacement. Compared to the rigid substrate 112, the adhesion between the cured resin and the film 17 will be significantly reduced, making it easier for the cured resin to separate from the flexible film 17, and additionally, the printing speed will also increase. However, if the hydraulic printing apparatus 1 does not include the rigid substrate 112, then in the exemplary embodiment, the apparatus can simply be placed and / or fixed on a rigid structure, for example, and in no way limiting the scope of the invention, placed on the glass of the mounting base 7 (see...). Figure 9 ), or place it on an existing resin tank 6 (see Figure 4 In some exemplary embodiments, the resin tank 6 may include a mounting base 7, which is fixed to or integral with the substrate of the device 1 (see [link to documentation]). Figure 9 This provides a rigid surface to the glass. Otherwise, if not placed on a rigid structure, the flexible membrane 17 would deform downwards when the piston pushes the resin 2, and the hydraulic pressure might not be sufficient to move the platform 16 and further drive it out of the second chamber. In an exemplary embodiment, the flexible membrane 17 may be an oxygen-permeable membrane. In this embodiment, the substrate of the hydraulic printing apparatus may be replaced by the oxygen-permeable membrane 17, and it may be placed on the glass of the mounting base 7.

[0126] During the printing process, oxygen permeates the membrane 17 and forms a "dead zone" on the top surface of the membrane 17. The "dead zone" typically hinders polymerization reactions within it, which helps prevent the 3D object 3 from undesirably adhering to the membrane 17. Naturally, this helps reduce the adhesion between the 3D object 3 and the membrane 17 and increases printing speed. The dead zone principle is described by Carbon, Inc. in U.S. Patent 9,360,757.

[0127] Typically, this invention employs the principle of "liquids being essentially incompressible." Based on this principle, when the spare resin is pushed by the piston, a certain volume of resin flows from chamber 12 into printing chamber 13, and platform 15 is driven upwards a suitable or proportionate distance. The decrease in volume of spare chamber 12 equals the increase in volume of printing chamber 13. Therefore, by controlling the operating speed of piston 15, the relative cross-sectional area, printing thickness, speed, and other properties of chambers 12 and 13 can be precisely adjusted. Figure 8 illustrate Figure 7 An exemplary close-up view of the cross-sectional diagram shown.

[0128] This invention is suitable for printing a wide variety of objects, but is particularly suitable for printing smaller 3D objects, such as printable dental crowns used by dental professionals on their patients. In exemplary embodiments, devices such as device 1 can be easily mounted on existing 3D printers. As will be discussed further below with reference to other figures, in some exemplary embodiments, according to the invention, a more specialized printer suitable for engagement with a dedicated container assembly or cartridge can be employed.

[0129] Compared to conventional printing methods (e.g., top-down, bottom-up), in the apparatus according to the invention, the printing material can always remain within a closed chamber and never come into direct contact with air until the desired object is completed and most or all of the printing material has been used up for all intentions and purposes. Therefore, the printing systems and methods as presented in this disclosure effectively reduce the effects of humidity and dust in the air that adversely affect the printing material and the quality and durability of 3D printed objects formed using said systems and methods.

[0130] Now go to Figure 7 An exemplary cross-sectional view of the chamber of an apparatus for printing 3D objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0131] In traditional 3D printers, due to machine limitations (e.g., the precision of motor and electronic control), each rise or fall of the build platform has a minimum stroke, known as Z. min Under this constraint, the height of each layer forming the desired 3D object must be higher than Z. min This means that in traditional 3D printers, we cannot further improve the accuracy of the 3D object along the Z-axis. However, according to the present invention, the Z-axis accuracy can be broken by adjusting the relative cross-sectional areas of chamber 12 and chamber 13. min .

[0132] For example, and without limiting the scope of the invention, such as Figure 9 As shown, the cross-sectional area of ​​the printing chamber 16 can be increased to twice the cross-sectional area of ​​the chamber 15. Therefore, when the build platform 5 moves downward by Z... min At height, platform 16 can drive Z upwards. min Half of it. Therefore, using this invention, 3D objects can be printed in more layers, thereby improving the accuracy of 3D objects on the Z-axis.

[0133] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view illustrating an exemplary container assembly for printing 3D objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is provided. More specifically, Figure 6The container assembly 600 is shown during or after the completion of the printing job, thus with the 3D printed object still solidified onto a platform still inside the chamber of the container assembly.

[0134] like Figure 6 As shown in this view, the container assembly 600 may include a piston 601 that moves along the z-axis of a first chamber 602 in fluid communication with a second chamber 603. The piston 601 is adapted to hydraulically actuate movement of a platform 604 within the second chamber 603, for example, by moving or transferring at least a portion 605 of printing material stored in the first chamber 602 to a printing area 606 within the second chamber 603 (the printing area 606 is shown in dashed lines between the surface of window 607 and the surface 604a of platform 604). When the container assembly 600 is actuated during a printing job, A curing light engine, configured to emit curing light, guides the curing light through window 607 to cure layers of printing material within the printing area onto the platform or onto previously cured layers of printing material that have already been cured onto the platform. By subsequently repeating these steps, a three-dimensional object 608 can be formed. In some exemplary embodiments, window 607 may be glass or a similar hard transparent or translucent surface. In some exemplary embodiments, the glass or similar hard transparent or translucent surface may be treated with a coating 609 such as a gel, for example, a PDMS gel coating on the glass surface of window 607.

[0135] Now let's move on to the next set of images. Figures 10-12 The illustration describes another exemplary embodiment of the invention, which shows a container assembly configured for constructing a single 3D printed object, wherein the container assembly includes a body that may, exemplarily (but in no way limit the scope of the invention), be shaped like a boot or otherwise have multiple fluidly connected chambers (i.e., similar to those in Figures 3 and 4). Figure 6 The boot-shaped body (of those chambers shown in the embodiments).

[0136] exist Figure 10 In this example, the container assembly 1000 includes a housing or body 1100 comprising a first chamber 1002 that initially holds printing material and is adapted to receive at least a portion of a first piston 1001. A second chamber 1003 is adapted to receive at least a portion of a second piston forming at least a portion of a platform 1004, wherein the chamber 1002 is fluidly connected to the second chamber 1003 such that when the piston 1001 moves or is pressed in this case, the volume inside the chamber 1002 decreases, transferring at least a portion of the printing material to the chamber 1003, for example by hydraulically driving the printing material into the chamber 1003, such that a layer of printing material between the platform and the base or window of the container assembly is exposed to a light source that cures the printing material onto the platform 1004.

[0137] In an exemplary embodiment, the base 1005 forms or fixes a window 1008 at the bottom portion of the container assembly 1000 (see [link]). Figure 12 The window is configured to allow a light source to direct curing light onto layers of printing material delivered to chamber 1003. The light source can then be directed to window 1008 to print each layer onto the surface of build platform 1004.

[0138] Figure 11 and Figure 12 An image showing the bottom section of container assembly 1000. From Figure 11 As can be understood from the view, chambers 1002 and 1003 are fluidly connected at the bottom region of the container assembly. More specifically, a channel 1007 may be formed at the bottom of the container to fluidly connect chambers 1002 and 1003. This channel 1007 may be sealed by a base bottom surface, which may be glass or may be part of the container assembly body 1001, and the channel 1007 is partially formed by a recess 1006 that separates the bottom of each chamber 1002 and 1003 from the end of the housing 1100.

[0139] In an exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 12 As illustrated in the views, it is understood that in some exemplary embodiments, window 1008 is located directly below chamber 1003 (i.e., the chamber in which platform 1004 is slidably housed) and can be positioned such that only the layer of printing material below chamber 1003 is exposed to the curing light. This can be achieved, for example, and without departing from or limiting the scope of the invention, by including a base 1009 that is solid but has a transparent opening forming the window 1008.

[0140] Now let's move on to the next set of images. Figures 12-1 to 12-4 This describes a method for printing 3D objects performed by a system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0141] By way of example, and without limiting the scope of the invention, from Figure 12-1 Initially, at step (1), the platform 1104 of the container assembly 1100 can be actuated from the initial position or state of the device. For example, initially, the platform 1104 can be positioned at its lowest or deepest immersion position inside the chamber 1103. In this initial or initial phase, a 3D printer component, such as a print arm, can be coupled to the piston 1101 and adapted to actuate the piston 1101 (e.g., by pressing it downwards) into the chamber 1102, which initially holds at least some or most of the print material therein.

[0142] In some exemplary embodiments, container assembly 1100 may hold most of the printing material, such as resin, inside chamber 1102 and just enough printing material inside chamber 1103 to cure an initial layer of the desired 3D-printed object. In other exemplary embodiments, piston 1101 must first be actuated to introduce a suitable or sufficient first layer of printing material into chamber 1103. Therefore, whether a suitable layer of printing material is already in chamber 1103 or a suitable layer of printing material must be initially introduced into chamber 1103 by actuation of piston 1101, curing light module 1105 may be activated simultaneously or subsequently to begin emitting curing light onto the suitable layer of printing material to cure the layer onto the surface of platform 1104.

[0143] In step (2), as Figure 12-2 As shown, the process continues, causing the actuated piston 1101 to continue moving, transferring printing material between fluidly communicating chambers 1102 and 1103. In some exemplary embodiments, the process is continuous, and the piston 1101 is continuously pushed into chamber 1102 to continuously introduce printing material into chamber 1103 for printing the desired 3D printed object 1107. In some exemplary embodiments, there may be pauses in the actuation of the piston 1101; in exemplary embodiments, the actuation timing of the piston 1101 is synchronized with the activation timing of the light engine to maximize the speed, efficiency, and quality of the 3D printed object 1107. Figure 12-2 As illustrated by example, when the piston 1101 is actuated and additionally moved inside the chamber 1102 to transfer a portion 1106 of the printing material into the chamber 1103, the platform 1104 may be raised or moved out of the chamber 1103, respectively.

[0144] At step (3), as Figure 12-3 As shown, the process continues: printing the next or subsequent layer, the hydraulic printing apparatus repeats the above steps until the entire 3D object is completed. In an exemplary embodiment, most or all of the printing material stored in the first chamber can be transferred to the second chamber (although not mandatory). As described above, one of the benefits of the present invention is that the container assembly can safely hold the printing material required for single use in a sealed environment to preserve and maintain the printing material in optimal condition before use. This is a significant improvement over prior art printing methods that require opening containers of printing material, which can be used after the packaging of the printing material has been opened, and which are often reused or not fully used, only to be used later when their shelf life and exposure to the environment reduce their effectiveness.

[0145] At step (4), as Figure 12-4As shown, the build or print process can be completed. In an exemplary embodiment, platform 1104 can be completely removed from chamber 1103, either manually or mechanically, to allow access to and separation of the completed 3D printed object 1107 from platform 1104. Naturally, the light engine can be deactivated or inactive as the build process completes. As can be understood from this exemplary method of building a 3D printed object, in this exemplary embodiment, the container assembly is a single-use component. Of course, in other exemplary embodiments, the same hydraulic principles can be applied to multi-chamber tank assemblies similar to the container assembly, which are not single-use and can be subsequently filled and reused.

[0146] As can be understood from the exemplary description of the method for printing 3D objects according to the invention, actuation (or otherwise movement of piston 1101) of piston 1101 can be achieved by movement in a single direction. That is, in the illustrated embodiment, piston 1101 moves downward in a single direction into chamber 1102 (i.e., piston 1101 is not pulled out of chamber 1102 during the build process); this causes platform 1104 to also move in a single direction (i.e., platform 1104 never moves into chamber 1103, but only moves out of chamber 1103 in a single direction). Movement in a single direction promotes a more efficient process overall because no time is wasted moving the platform toward and away from the printing material, as is the case with prior art 3D printers that use stereolithography methods to build 3D objects.

[0147] Next, FIG13 illustrates a method for printing a three-dimensional object according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, FIG13 illustrates an exemplary method 1200. It should be understood that although method 1200 is shown in a specific order, it is conceivable that different orders having fewer or more steps may be performed without departing from the scope of the invention. In an exemplary embodiment, method 1200 may include the following steps:

[0148] In step 1201, a piston on the device (e.g., a container assembly) according to the invention can be actuated or otherwise moved. For example, the piston can be slidably moved into or through a chamber of the container assembly. This may involve actuating a piston inside a first chamber, wherein the piston is adapted to actuate movement of a platform inside a second chamber in fluid communication with the first chamber.

[0149] In step 1202, at least a portion of the printing material stored in the chamber may be transferred to the printing area between the window surface and the platform. This typically involves transferring at least a portion of the printing material from the first chamber to a second chamber where the platform is located, and thus allowing a suitable layer of the printing material to be exposed to curing light through the window.

[0150] In step 1203, curing light can be emitted through a window to cure at least a portion of the layer of printing material to the platform (i.e., if it is the first layer) or a previously cured layer of printing material (i.e., if the previous layer has been cured and the new layer is being formed on the existing cured layer of the 3D object being formed).

[0151] In step 1204, steps 1201 to 1203 may be repeated until the desired 3D object is finally formed.

[0152] In some exemplary embodiments, step 1201 may include moving the piston in a single direction along the axis of the first chamber. In some exemplary embodiments, moving the piston in a single direction along the axis of the first chamber may include continuously moving the piston until a three-dimensional object is formed. In some exemplary embodiments, moving the piston in a single direction along the axis of the first chamber may include pausing the movement of the piston at programmable intervals until a three-dimensional object is formed.

[0153] In some exemplary embodiments, step 1202 may include depositing a layer of printing material onto the glass surface of the window. In some exemplary embodiments, step 1202 may include depositing a layer of printing material onto a film or coating that at least partially forms the window. In some exemplary embodiments, the film may be a flexible oxygen-permeable film. In some exemplary embodiments, the film or coating may be a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, a polymethylpentene (PMP) film, a transparent polymer X (TPX) film, or a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film.

[0154] In some exemplary embodiments, step 1204 may include substantially consuming the printing material stored in the first chamber or transferring it to a second chamber containing the platform.

[0155] In some exemplary embodiments, method 1200 may additionally include releasing the platform from the second chamber after the printing process is complete to allow access to the three-dimensional object formed on the platform. In some exemplary embodiments, method 1200 may additionally include breaking or removing the seal of the container assembly housing the first and second chambers prior to step 1201—prior to actuating the piston.

[0156] In an exemplary embodiment, method 1201 may be performed partially or entirely by the controller of the system according to the invention. For example, and without limiting the scope of the invention, Figure 2-1 or Figure 2-3The controller 105 is included. Therefore, the controller 105 may include a storage having executable instructions configured to: (a) actuate a piston inside a first chamber adapted to actuate movement of a platform inside a second chamber in fluid communication with the first chamber; (b) transfer at least a portion of the printing material stored at least partially in the first chamber to the second chamber, which includes a printing area between a surface including a window and the platform; (c) emit curing light through the window to cure a layer of printing material onto the platform or onto a previously cured layer of printing material already cured onto the platform; and (d) repeat steps (a)-(c) until a three-dimensional object is formed.

[0157] In some exemplary embodiments, actuating a piston inside a first chamber hydraulically actuates a platform. In some exemplary embodiments, actuating a piston inside a first chamber hydraulically actuates a piston in a second chamber, the piston in the second chamber forming at least a portion of the platform.

[0158] Figure 13-2 This describes a system for printing three-dimensional objects using various materials according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention. More specifically, Figure 13-2 A container assembly 1300 is shown, configured to build a 3D printed object that may include various types of materials, such as printing materials 1311, 1312, and 1313, which can be cured onto a platform 1301, for example, by transferring the various printing materials from a first chamber housing a piston 1303 to a second chamber housing the platform 1301. Each of the materials is used according to the desired build specifications or parameters of the 3D printed object, such that each material is introduced into the chamber housing the platform 1301 in a predetermined order, such that the desired material order is cured as needed. Using this exemplary embodiment, different materials can be used to form 3D printed objects within the container assembly or shoe cartridge to facilitate the printing of multicolor or multimaterial products. In some exemplary embodiments, this can be achieved by implementing multiple pistons in separate, fluidly connected chambers configured to transfer different printing materials from other chambers to the chamber housing the build platform. This exemplary embodiment is illustrated with reference to the next figure.

[0159] Figure 13-3 This describes a system for printing three-dimensional objects using various materials according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention. More specifically, Figure 13-3 A first chamber is depicted housing a first piston 1301 and a first printing material 1304. A second chamber houses a second piston 1302 and a second printing material 1305. Both the first and second chambers are adapted to be in selective fluid communication with a third chamber of a housing platform 1303. This selective fluid communication can be controlled by valves 1306 and 1307, such as one-way valves that allow either the first or second piston to deliver printing material to the third chamber of the housing platform.

[0160] In an exemplary embodiment, valves 1306 and 1307 can be configured to control the feed rate of different materials. Platform 1303 is adapted to accept different materials during printing, and the system allows the same 3D printed object to be printed with different materials at different layer heights.

[0161] Turning now to the next set of figures, various structures and / or components may be exemplarily disposed inside each chamber and / or outside the piston and platform to maintain a desired pressurized environment within the hydraulic system of the container assembly. In exemplary embodiments, these structures or components inside each chamber facilitate an airtight seal. For example, and without limiting the scope of the invention, the airtight seal or pressurized environment may include treating surfaces with materials that promote surface treatment, and / or employing structures such as O-rings.

[0162] Figures 14-16 Several views illustrating the apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention are provided. More specifically, Figures 14 to 16 A cross-sectional view of a container chamber having a piston or platform 1401 is shown, with wall 1402 forming the walls of the chamber. In exemplary embodiments, as shown in these views, the piston (or platform) may include at least one or more structures, such as an O-ring 1403 located inside the recessed wall 1404 of the piston 1401, to provide a tight seal that prevents spillage of printing materials, typically highly viscous.

[0163] As mentioned above, an airtight or pressurized environment helps maintain the optimal condition of the printing material until it is depleted during the printing protocol. Furthermore, another benefit of the invention is that the pressurized environment is suitable for constructing or printing 3D objects using highly viscous materials. This is particularly helpful for certain applications, including but not limited to those in the dental field. For example, and without limiting the scope of the invention in any way, in the dental field, it is desirable to print objects such as dental crowns. The inability to properly dispose of highly viscous printing materials is a problem that has not been adequately addressed by the prior art, and the present invention solves this problem through the hydraulic system of the can or container assembly described herein.

[0164] In an exemplary embodiment, the volume ratio of chambers 1 and 2 is 1:1; in some embodiments, different ratios may be used to optimize the efficiency of the build process and the quality of the 3D printed object. Therefore, without departing from or limiting the scope of the invention, the invention may be practiced using chambers of similar or different sizes, chamber lengths, chamber volumes, and / or the number of chambers.

[0165] Now let's move on to the next set of images. Figure 17 This describes a system for printing three-dimensional objects according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and... Figure 18 This describes the configuration for supporting or receiving according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Figure 17The system shown is a container assembly or a base support for a cartridge.

[0166] More specifically, Figure 17 The printing system 1700 is described, which includes a container assembly 1701 for holding printing material to print a three-dimensional object; a piston 1702 movable inside a first chamber of the container assembly 1701, which is configured to actuate movement of a platform inside a second chamber in fluid communication with the first chamber, and to transfer a layer of printing material stored in the first chamber to a printing area between a window surface and the platform in the second chamber.

[0167] In addition, system 1700 includes at least one or more actuators 1703 coupled to a controller and configured to move piston 1701 (e.g., via arm 1704); and a curing light-emitting module 1705 in communication with the controller, configured to emit curing light through a window to cure at least a portion of a layer of printing material onto a platform or onto a previously cured layer of printing material until a three-dimensional object is formed.

[0168] In some exemplary embodiments, system 1700 includes a base support 1706 configured to receive a single ink cartridge or container assembly 1701. The base support may be a transparent base or at least have a transparent portion, enabling the curing light module 1705 to direct curing light into the printing area of ​​the container assembly 1701.

[0169] like Figure 18 As shown, the base support 1706 may have a region, such as region 1801, which optionally (but not necessarily) aligns with the base portion of the container assembly 1701; this can be useful for securing the container assembly 1701 to the system 1700 during the printing process, so that the container assembly does not necessarily move and the curing light can be precisely projected during the printing process.

[0170] Next, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, Figure 19 This describes a system similar to 1900, and... Figure 20 The description describes a similar base support 1901 configured to support or receive multiple container assemblies or cartridges. An arm 1902 can be configured to simultaneously actuate each of a plurality of pistons in the plurality of container assemblies that can be secured to the base support 1901. Figure 20 As can be understood from the views, the base support 1901, which is suitable for receiving multiple container assemblies, is not limited to a particular orientation—that is, without departing from the scope of the invention, the container assemblies may be positioned along the width or length of the base support, and multiple container assemblies or cartridges may be supported in multiple orientations; the surface of the base support may have individual recessed portions, such as recessed areas 2001 and 2002, to align with one or more container assemblies.

[0171] Now let's move on to the last picture. Figure 21 This describes a washing system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, suitable for receiving a platform of a system for printing three-dimensional objects.

[0172] In exemplary embodiments, the system may include auxiliary washing components suitable for platform components as discussed in this disclosure. That is, the washing device 2100 for washing away residual printing material from new 3D printed parts (and the platform) may be modified or designed to have an opening 2101 adapted to align with a portion of the platform 1104 of the container assembly or cartridge according to the invention, thereby exposing the platform 1104 (and the attached 3D printed object 1107) for example to an internal chamber in which the part may be exposed to a washing module 2102 for applying solvent and / or a light module 2103 for applying post-curing exposure to cure the newly printed 3D printed part.

[0173] exist Figure 21-1 This paper describes exemplary steps for cleaning and solidifying a 3D object, as well as steps for recovering the cleaning solvent, using method 2110 according to an embodiment of the invention. Method 2110 may include the following steps: heating the washing solvent (2111); pressurizing the washing solvent (2112) to generate high-temperature, high-pressure steam in a pipe; and spraying the high-temperature, high-pressure steam onto the 3D object (2113). The steam removes the viscosity of the remaining resin on the surface of the 3D object; the remaining resin gradually decreases and is eventually removed from the surface of the 3D object by the steam.

[0174] In step 2114, hot air may be sprayed onto the 3D object; although the surface of the 3D object may appear to be free of residual resin after exposure to high-temperature, high-pressure steam, there is still a possibility that some resin may remain dissolved in droplets on the surface of the 3D object. Therefore, the hot air sprayed in step 2114 can blow these droplets (and residual resin therein) away from the surface of the 3D object and dry the clean 3D object.

[0175] At step 2115, after completing cleaning steps 2111 to 2114, the 3D object can be solidified; the 3D object can be placed in a curing chamber for further curing to obtain a higher performance 3D object. As shown with reference to Figure 21, this step can be performed in a single device including a chamber for exposing the 3D object to both the cleaning and post-curing processes—such as through a post-curing lamp, sufficient heat, etc. Alternatively, this step can be performed using different post-curing devices.

[0176] At step 2116, the resin can solidify and be separated from any liquid waste; after the washing solvent vapor used is cooled and condensed into liquid waste, the liquid waste can be placed in a sunlight or UV environment, where the resin solidifies and the washing solvent is separated and recycled for reuse in the next washing process.

[0177] Therefore, at step 2117, the washing solvent can be recovered.

[0178] Figure 21-2 An exemplary structure of the cleaning device according to the present invention is described. More specifically, the device 2118 is shown in more exemplary detail and includes a conduit consisting of three parts: an air intake conduit 2118-1, a mixing conduit 2118-2, and a transmission conduit 2118-3. In the section of intake duct 2118-1, high-temperature steam and high-temperature high-pressure air are input through two separate intake ducts 2118-1(a) and 2118-1(b), respectively. In the section of mixing duct 2118-1, the high-temperature steam from intake duct 2118-1(a) and the high-temperature high-pressure air from intake duct 2118-1(b) are mixed together to form high-temperature high-pressure steam. In the section of transmission duct 2118-3, the high-temperature high-pressure steam from mixing duct 2118-2 is transferred to transmission ducts 2118-3(a), 2118-3(b), 2118-3(c) and 2118-3(d), respectively, and then it will enter the cleaning chamber 2118-6 from different angles through nozzles.

[0179] Solenoid valve 2118-4 includes valves 2118-4(a) and 2118-4(b), which are respectively configured to control the opening or closing of intake passages 2118-1(a) and 2118-1(b). Relay 2118-5 can be configured to send a command to solenoid valve 2118-4 to open or close the valve. Cleaning chamber 2118-6 can, for example, perform a reference... Figure 21-1 The cleaning steps 2113 and 2114 are described.

[0180] Now go to Figure 21-3 According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the assembly relationship between the platform 2119-3 and the cleaning chamber 2119-6 in the cleaning device 2119 is described. At the top surface of the cleaning chamber 2119-6, there is a groove 2119-4 that matches the shape of the platform 2119-3, and the outer edge of the groove 2119-4 extends upward to form a groove body 2119-2. At the bottom of the platform 2119-3, there is a 3D object that has been solidified and attached thereto by a printing or building process according to the present invention; the platform 2119-3 can be inserted into the cleaning chamber 2119-6 through the groove or hole 2119-4.

[0181] Now let's move on to the next picture. Figure 21-4 A schematic diagram of the cleaning device 2120 in operation is shown, with particular emphasis on the internal structure of the cleaning chamber 2120-6. As previously described, after high-temperature, high-pressure steam flows through transmission pipes 2120-3(a), 2120-3(b), 2120-3(c), and 2120-3(d), it is sprayed into the cleaning chamber 2120-6 from different angles through nozzles 2120-4(a), 2120-4(b), 2120-4(c), and 2120-4(d), respectively. When the platform 2119-3 can be installed in the indicated position and the system receives a "start" command from the user, nozzle 2120-4 will spray steam onto the 3D object 2119-2.

[0182] In addition, one or more windows 2120-7 can be provided on the side wall of the cleaning chamber 2120-6 to prevent steam from accumulating inside the cleaning chamber and creating high pressure, which could lead to a decrease in the pressure of the steam flow ejected from the nozzle 2120-4, or even prevent steam from being ejected, thereby affecting the cleaning effect.

[0183] It should be noted that the cleaning chamber 2120-6 is typically located within a larger sealed chamber. After the steam flow is ejected from the nozzle 2120-4 to clean the 3D object 2119-2, the steam flow can be transferred from the cleaning chamber 2120-6 to the outside through the window 2120-7, but the steam flow remains within the sealed chamber. Furthermore, after the cleaning process is complete, the sealed chamber can be cooled (or the steam flow can be first transferred to a specific container and then cooled), causing the vapor containing residual resin to condense into liquid waste. In a subsequent step, the liquid waste can be further solidified and separated under UV light or sunlight, thereby separating the cleaning solvent from the liquid waste and recovering it for reuse.

[0184] Preferably, nozzles 2120-4(a), 2120-4(b), and 2120-4(c) are arranged on the same horizontal plane and spaced 120° apart, spraying steam streams onto the 3D object 2119-2. Furthermore, nozzle 2120-4(d) may be located directly below the 3D object 2119-2, spraying steam streams upwards onto the 3D object 2119-2. This nozzle arrangement effectively cleans the surface of the 3D object 2119-2, particularly dental crowns.

[0185] In the next picture, Figure 21-5 The top view of the cleaning device 2121 is shown, which shows the transmission pipe 2121-3 and the cleaning chamber 2121-6. Figure 21-6 Displayed Figure 21-5 A cross-sectional view of the cleaning device 2121 in area AA, and a particularly enlarged view of area B. (See attached image.) Figure 21-6As shown, the groove 2121-4 extends upward to form the groove body 2121-2, and also extends inward to form the step 2121-1 to support the platform 2119-3. However, it is worth noting that the 3D object 2119-2 mounted on the bottom of the platform 2119-3 will pass through the groove 2121-4 and enter the cleaning chamber.

[0186] In an exemplary embodiment, the recess 2121-2 is designed to be sufficiently high, for example, 1 / 5, 1 / 4, 1 / 3, 1 / 2, or even higher than the platform height, to enhance the stability of the platform and the 3D objects connected thereto during the cleaning process. In an exemplary embodiment, the inner diameter of the recess and the outer diameter of the platform are designed to fit together tightly, such as an interference fit, to enhance the stability of the platform and the 3D objects connected thereto during the cleaning process. In an exemplary embodiment, the washing solvent during heating and pressurization is water. In an exemplary embodiment, the temperature of the steam flow at the nozzle is 110°C to 150°C, more preferably 120°C to 140°C, and even more preferably 130°C. In an exemplary embodiment, the pressure of the steam flow at the nozzle can be 0.03 MPa to 0.2 MPa, more preferably 0.05 MPa to 0.1 MPa, and even more preferably 0.08 MPa.

[0187] In an exemplary embodiment, in addition to the two solenoid valves in the intake duct, four additional solenoid valves (not shown) are installed on the transmission duct. These valves can be opened and / or closed in a specific sequence to progressively clean the various surfaces of the 3D object, thereby avoiding interference between vapor flows and improving cleaning effectiveness.

[0188] In some exemplary embodiments, such as Figure 21-8 , Figure 21-9 and Figure 21-10 As described, the cleaning device 2122 may be configured with a rotating structure. For example... Figure 21-8 As shown, during the cleaning process, platform 713 and its connected 3D object 712 rotate continuously under the drive of motor 715. Platform 713 is connected to the output shaft of motor 715 via coupling sleeve 714.

[0189] In this exemplary embodiment, since the platform 713 and the 3D object 712 connected thereto can rotate continuously around the Z-axis, it may not be necessary to arrange the nozzles at a certain distance or angle.

[0190] In this embodiment, the cleaning device 700 may include a nozzle (not shown) at the end of the transfer conduit 703(a) at the bottom and a nozzle (not shown) at the end of the transfer conduit 703(b) at the side wall to clean the bottom and sides of the 3D object 712. As the 3D object 712 rotates, residual resin retained on the side surfaces will be removed. If necessary, the cleaning device 700 may include an additional nozzle (not shown) at the end of the transfer conduit 703(c) to clean the top of the 3D object 712.

[0191] Figure 21-9 , Figure 21-10 Exploded views and cross-sectional views of the cleaning device 700 are shown for reference. Figure 21-10 As shown, the output shafts of platform 713 and motor 715 can be tightly connected together to coupling sleeve 714, for example, as an interference fit. Alternatively, mechanical locking methods, such as threads or keyways, can also be used.

[0192] While the basic embodiment has been described above, some alternative / optional embodiments are as follows: Optionally, the inner diameter of the pipe may be 5 mm and the diameter of the nozzle may be 1.8 mm to reduce kinetic energy loss of the steam flow. The pipe may be made of high-temperature and high-pressure resistant fluororubber to improve its service life. Optionally, the cleaning chamber may include several recesses to clean several 3D objects together and improve cleaning efficiency. Alternatively, the recesses may be replaced with cages (as disclosed in US11279089B2 of SprintRay, Inc.), in which the cleaning device sprays steam to clean the 3D objects together after the user removes several 3D objects and places them in the cages, thereby improving cleaning efficiency. Optionally, the cleaning chamber may be made of plastic or metal.

[0193] In an exemplary embodiment, the washing solvent may be organic. In an exemplary embodiment, the cleaning process may be completed without any solvent, relying solely on high-temperature, high-pressure air for cleaning.

[0194] Optionally, the cleaning device can be modified to rotate the support base by rotating the platform via a motor. For example, the recess can be designed as a component that moves independently of the cleaning chamber and can be rotated by a motor. The platform can be configured to rotate synchronously with the recess.

[0195] Now let's move on to the next picture. Figure 22 This describes an exemplary embodiment of a container component, specifically the body of a container component, which improves build or print speed and simplifies the container component. More specifically, this embodiment is similar to the one described in the reference section. Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2In the described embodiments, substrate 112 forms the bottom portion of the housing or body 11, which is preferably transparent; similarly, as explained above, substrate 112 may be replaced by a flexible film. As described above, in exemplary embodiments of the invention, the flexible film may be disposed above the top surface of substrate 112 (e.g., glass) such that the film and substrate 112 together form the bottom portion of body 11—this configuration of the hydraulic device results in increased printing speed and facilitates transport as a single product (i.e., the container assembly serves as a container for printing material, and the platform and printing material tank are all in one device or product). However, a potential drawback of this configuration is that disposing the flexible film above substrate 112 (e.g., glass) without any means of attaching or stably positioning the film can lead to undesirable deformation during interaction with fluid and / or adhesive forces during operation, which may result in the formation of irregular surfaces on the film holding the printing material. If this occurs, the deformation may undesirably reduce the accuracy of the 3D object and may even lead to printing failure.

[0196] therefore, Figure 22 An exemplary embodiment is described, wherein an adhesive material 2201 is applied between the film 17 and the glass 112 to secure the film 17 tightly to the glass 112 and additionally prevent further creep deformation. In some exemplary embodiments, the adhesive material 2201 may be one of a silicone adhesive (e.g., such as PDMS adhesive), a UV adhesive, or any suitable transparent adhesive capable of attaching the film 17 to the top of the glass 112.

[0197] Figures 23-1 to 23-4 Exemplary embodiments of the piston are described, and more specifically, different piston shapes that may be employed according to the invention are illustrated. For example, and in no way limiting the scope of the invention, see references to... Figure 5 and Figure 10 The illustrated and discussed embodiments show a generally cylindrical piston forming platform 1004. In some exemplary embodiments, such as Figures 23-1 to 23-3 Other shapes may be used as described. These other shapes include some polygons, other ellipses, rectangles, squares, or shapes with different dimensions, such as... Figure 23-2 The shape shown offers the advantage of preventing tiny rotations inside the container components, which could unintentionally lead to a series of uncontrolled consequences, such as reduced accuracy of the 3D object or even complete printing failure.

[0198] Therefore, in some exemplary embodiments, regular prism structures can be employed, such as pentagonal prisms, hexagonal prisms, square prisms, etc. It is worth noting that conventional O-ring seals may not be suitable for these shapes. Similarly, Figure 23-2Also shown is a regular prism structure; the term "regular" specifically means that the cross-section has a simple geometry and the cross-sectional area is easy to calculate. The advantage of this configuration is that the manufacturer can easily ensure and adjust the relative cross-sectional area between the first and second chambers. Figure 23-2 In this case, an elliptical cylindrical piston is provided; this shape is not only useful for preventing unwanted rotation, but also suitable for applying a more typical O-ring seal. Figure 23-3 An irregular prismatic structure with a teardrop shape is shown; this shape is more in line with the decorative industrial design of the piston according to the invention. Figure 23-4 Additional Information Figures 23-1 to 23-3 A series of pistons with the cross-section described.

[0199] Figure 23-5 This illustration depicts exemplary guide structures that may be employed according to the invention. More specifically, this view shows one or more exemplary guide structures 2301 that may be disposed or formed on a contact surface between the sidewall of the chamber and the piston; this configuration helps prevent undesirable rotation of the platform—therefore, in some exemplary embodiments of the invention, according to the invention, guide or anti-rotation structures may be provided along the surface of the support structure (such as the piston or platform) or the walls of these structures aligned therewith. Figure 23-5 As shown, the guide structure 2301 may include several raised linear ribs on the outer surface of the piston and / or several linear grooves on the chamber.

[0200] Figures 24-1 to 24-3 This illustration describes the configuration of a container assembly body according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention. More specifically, this view shows another embodiment of a container assembly or hydraulic device according to the present invention. In this exemplary embodiment, a platform 16 is located inside a piston 15, wherein the piston 15 and the platform 16 are concentrically positioned; the piston 15 is formed as a hollow cylindrical structure that slidably receives the platform 16 internally. Both the piston 15 and the platform 16 are located inside a housing 11 that houses the entire structure. The body of the hydraulic device is generally a hollow structure, and the hollow region is divided by a separator 111 into an O-ring shaped chamber 12 (i.e., a spare resin or printing material chamber) and a printing chamber 13. One or more channels, such as channel 14, may be formed at the bottom of the separator 111 to fluidly communicate between chambers 12 and 13. In exemplary embodiments, a sealing structure as described in the above embodiments may be employed, and the platform may have a varied shape as previously described. In some exemplary embodiments, the separator 111 may not be included, such that the hollow region may form undivided chambers; that is, there is no separation forming the spare chamber 12 and the printing chamber 13.

[0201] Conversely, platform 16 can be outside piston 15, and 3D objects can be solidified below the lower surface of the O-ring shape of platform 16. Figure 24-1 and Figure 24-3Both designs shown benefit from reducing the size of the hydraulic unit and allow for the arrangement and use of more devices on the base support (as shown in the reference). Figure 20 (as described). Figures 24-4 to 24-5 Explanation based on Figure 24-1 A cross-sectional view of the container component body configuration of the embodiment shown. Figures 24-6 to 24-9 Explanation based on Figure 24-1 The container assembly body configuration of the illustrated embodiment excludes the use of separator 111; instead, chambers 12 and 13 are formed by closely positioned piston 15 and platform 16. As in the previous embodiments, chamber 13 may extend into the region or cavity formed between the outer concentric cylinder forming piston 15 and piston 16 moving along the length of piston 15, and thus allow printing material to be transferred into this region or chamber 13.

[0202] Figure 25 The system described in the exemplary embodiment is similar to that described in the reference. Figure 24-1-24-2 Examples shown and described.

[0203] Now let's move on to the next picture. Figure 26 An exemplary hydraulic printing device or container assembly 2600 is described, which includes several structures that promote anti-rotation functionality—that is, prevent its components from rotating in an undesirable manner. Figure 27 Explain its exploded diagram; and Figure 28 This is a close-up view of the structure along the sidewall of the chamber, which facilitates airflow to allow movement regardless of any negative pressure generated from the printing process.

[0204] In some exemplary embodiments, the container assembly 2600 includes a piston 15, a platform 16, chambers 12 and 13, a substrate 112, and several sealing rings 18, as described in the preceding embodiments. However, in exemplary embodiments, such as those shown in these views, the body of chamber 13 additionally includes an anti-rotation portion 131, which may be formed as a non-cylindrical cavity. For example, and without departing from or limiting the scope of the invention, chamber 13 may include a first portion having a circular cross-section extending a first length along the axis of the chamber, and a non-circular cross-section extending a second length along the axis of the chamber; by way of example, the second length may have an elliptical cross-section. Furthermore, platform 16 may include a corresponding structure; this may consist of an elliptical cap 161 and a cylinder (i.e., a body having a circular cross-section), the elliptical cap 161 ensuring that platform 16 is not rotatable during the printing process, and the cylinder ensuring that the platform is tightly aligned with the portion of chamber 13 having a circular cross-section.

[0205] Similar to the embodiments described above, container assembly 2600 may be a single-use ink cartridge; that is, a disposable ink cartridge that can be used once, and the empty cartridge can then be discarded, or preferably recycled, or sent to a service provider for refilling. In other exemplary embodiments, container assembly 2600 may not necessarily be a disposable ink cartridge and may be refilled by the end user for reuse.

[0206] In an exemplary embodiment, to facilitate control of the relative cross-sectional area and ensure a sealing effect, the main body of platform 16 is still configured as a cylinder and cooperates with the cylindrical portion 132 of the chamber body for sealing. In some exemplary embodiments, the relative cross-sectional areas of chambers 12 and 13 may be 1:1. In an exemplary embodiment, the top portion of platform 16 may include a cap 161, which may additionally include a handle portion 162 adapted for easy pulling out of platform 16 by an end user after the printing process is complete to expose the 3D printed parts built onto the build surface of platform 16, as discussed above.

[0207] In an exemplary embodiment, the container assembly 2600 is a single-use or disposable (i.e., recyclable) cartridge, partially defined by an integral housing housing multiple chambers adapted to hydraulically transfer printing material from a first chamber primarily storing the printing material to a second chamber in which layers of printing material can be disposed above a platform for building 3D objects. In an exemplary embodiment, the integral, single-use or disposable cartridge is pre-filled with printing material such as photosensitive resin, which is stored and sealed inside the cartridge until it is unsealed before or during use. After a 3D object is built onto the platform, the 3D object is removed from the platform, and the cartridge is discarded.

[0208] Container assembly 2600 facilitates the introduction of build material of a 3D object into build chamber 16 by applying pressure; for example, positive pressure (i.e., positive pressure applied to piston 15 in this case) facilitates the introduction (or transfer) of build material into build chamber 16, in which the build material is exposed to curing light. Other structures employed (such as non-cylindrical portions, negative pressure chambers, or vents 19 in this exemplary embodiment) are adapted to ensure a sealed, controlled environment that both protects the efficacy of the build material before use and facilitates the design of the additive manufacturing system. Of course, as demonstrated from the embodiments of this disclosure and throughout the discussion, the introduction of build material can be achieved by pushing or pulling structures, by pressing down or up, by injection or by extrusion, or by any other means of applying pressure to transfer, move, inject, or otherwise introduce build material into a build chamber of a controlled environment.

[0209] Figure 29A top view illustrating the ink cartridge or container assembly 2600; Figure 30 Describe its cross-sectional view; and Figure 31 Additionally, a close-up view of the sidewall is provided, which has structural components adapted to eliminate or minimize the undesirable effects of negative pressure that may form inside chamber 13.

[0210] like Figure 29 and Figure 30 As depicted, due to the different shapes of the cap 161 and the platform 16, a negative pressure chamber 21 can be formed at the junction of the anti-rotation portion 131 and the cylindrical portion 132 (i.e., having a circular cross-section) during the printing process when the platform 16 is actuated upwards. This negative pressure will undesirably impede the movement of the platform 16 and affect the printing process; to address this problem, the anti-rotation portion 131 provides several vertical linear vents 19 to facilitate airflow, such as... Figure 28 A close-up view is shown.

[0211] Therefore, the container assembly for printing 3D objects according to the present invention may include: a housing that houses a first chamber adapted to store printing material and a second chamber adapted to receive a platform; a channel that connects the sidewalls of the first chamber and the second chamber within the housing, thereby enabling fluid communication between the first and second chambers; and a structure movable within the first chamber, adapted to transfer a portion of the printing material from the first chamber to a printing area between a window surface and the platform in the second chamber, for receiving curing light for curing a layer of printing material onto the platform or onto a cured layer of printing material on the platform, so as to construct a 3D object on the platform.

[0212] In some embodiments, the second chamber is adapted to restrict or prevent rotation of the platform; the second chamber may be a non-cylindrical chamber, or have a structure to prevent or restrict platform rotation. The second chamber may include a circular cross-section extending a first length along the axis of the second chamber, and a non-circular cross-section extending a second length along the axis of the second chamber.

[0213] The platform may include a cylindrical portion adapted to align with a circular cross-section extending a first length along the axis of the second chamber. The platform may additionally include a portion having a non-circular cross-section adapted to align with a non-circular cross-section of the second chamber. In an exemplary embodiment, the platform includes a seal adapted to hermetically seal the cylindrical cross-section extending a first length along the axis of the second chamber. In some exemplary embodiments, the second chamber includes one or more structures along one or more sidewalls adapted to alleviate negative pressure during platform movement—e.g., negative pressure chambers and / or vents along one or more sidewalls of the second chamber.

[0214] In one exemplary embodiment, a container assembly for printing 3D objects may include: a disposable housing containing a first chamber adapted for hermetically airtight storage of printing material and a second chamber adapted for receiving a platform, wherein the second chamber is adapted to restrict or prevent rotation of the platform; a channel within the disposable housing connecting a sidewall of the first chamber to a sidewall of the second chamber, such that the first and second chambers are in fluid communication; and a structure movable within the first chamber, adapted to transfer a portion of the printing material from the first chamber to a printing area between a window surface and the platform in the second chamber, for receiving curing light for curing a layer of printing material onto the platform or onto a cured layer of printing material cured onto the platform, so as to construct a 3D object on the platform.

[0215] Now let's move on to the next set of images. Figures 32-36-1 36-2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the system according to the present invention, which provides improved effective sealing performance and fit, eliminates the need for additional seals, provides smoother linear movement, and reduces resistance during printing operations.

[0216] In the exemplary embodiments shown in these views, system 3200 is disclosed; according to the invention, system 3200 may employ a printing device including a static support structure such as a ring or arm 8 adapted to support an actuation or movement device for a piston adapted to actuate or move a container assembly or cartridge 3201. In an exemplary embodiment, the piston may be threaded to engage with cartridge 3201. The piston may be connected to the output shaft of a movement unit, for example, a device with a motor such as—without limiting the scope of the invention—a stepper motor; or the piston may be connected to a stepper motor via a connector. In addition to moving along the longitudinal axis of the chamber, the piston may be additionally adapted to rotate and move downward with the stepper motor, for example, although not necessarily synchronized with the motor, to transfer photosensitive resin or printing material from chamber 12 to chamber 13 within cartridge 3201.

[0217] Figure 32 The illustration shows an isometric side view of the 3D printer 3210 to which the ink cartridge 3201 is attached on the support surface of the 3D printer 3210. Figure 33 The ink cartridge 3201 connected to actuator 82 is described in more detail. For example... Figure 32 and Figure 33 The depicted 3D printer 3210 includes an arm 8—shown by way of non-limiting example as a hoop support structure to which a motor 82 can be coupled and secured. A connector 83 may be used to efficiently transmit torque from the motor's output shaft to the cartridge 3201 to facilitate piston rotation. It should be understood that in some cases, the use of connector 83 may not be necessary, and the piston of the hydraulic printing device may instead be directly connected to the output shaft of the motor 82.

[0218] Figure 34 An exploded view of ink cartridge 3201. Figure 35 A perspective view illustrating cartridge 3201 without a piston; Figure 36-1 and Figure 36-2 The side and cross-sectional views are shown. As depicted in these views, cartridge 3201 may include a threaded piston 15 and a threaded chamber 12, the piston 15 having one or more grooves arranged at its upper portion to engage with the convex edge of connector 83; the platform of the device is not shown in these views.

[0219] In an exemplary embodiment of system 3200, a structural component (e.g., arm 8) of the motor adapted to move piston 15 remains stationary, while connector 82 further includes a spring 831 to apply pressure to piston 15, thereby facilitating linear movement of piston 15 along the z-axis. Before initiating the printing process, spring 831 may be pre-compressed to ensure optimal performance. During the printing process, as motor 82 rotates, it pushes piston 15 along a threaded path, with spring 831 continuously applying force to piston, gradually releasing tension until printing is complete. Preferably, the motor may be a stepper motor.

[0220] In some alternative embodiments, connector 83 or its spring 831 may be omitted. Instead, another stepper motor may be used to facilitate the movement of the piston along the z-axis. However, motor 82, threaded piston 15, and threaded chamber 15 may still function as described above.

[0221] Now let's move on to the next set of images. Figure 37 and Figure 38 The system 3700 includes a 3D printing apparatus 3710 employing a dynamic support structure adapted to move a structure on a container assembly for printing 3D objects. This container assembly can be a single-use or disposable ink cartridge. This embodiment is similar to... Figure 17 , Figure 18 and Figure 19In one embodiment, the 3D printing apparatus 3710 includes a housing 3701 having a base or support surface 3702, typically located in the top region of the apparatus 3710, configured to receive one or more container assemblies, such as container assembly 3703. The support surface 3702 is adapted to include a transparent base or at least a transparent portion 3704, such that a curing light module (not shown in this view) housed within the housing 3701 can guide curing light into the printing area of ​​the container assembly or container assembly 3703. The support surface 3702 may have an area optionally, but not necessarily, aligned with the base portion of the container assembly 3703; this can be useful for securing the container assembly 3703 and multiple other similar container assemblies or 3D printing cartridges to the 3D printing apparatus 3710 during the printing process, ensuring that each container assembly or cartridge is secured and does not move undesirably to interrupt the printing process—i.e., allowing the curing light to be precisely projected during the printing process.

[0222] Furthermore, dynamic or movable structures, such as movable or actuating arms or rings 3705, are adapted to move the container assembly in the same manner as in the embodiments discussed above, such as pistons; that is, the 3D printing apparatus 3710 uses rings 3705 instead of motor 83 to facilitate the 3D printing process—i.e., as from... Figure 38 Understandably, when the ring 3705 moves downward, pressing down on each piston of one or more cartridges that can be fixed to the support surface 3702 of the 3D printing device 3710, 3D printing material stored in the one or more cartridges is transferred to each chamber of each cartridge, and at least one layer is formed on the printing area between the window surface of each cartridge and the platform. The 3D printing device 3710 emits curing light through the transparent portion 3704 and the window of one or more cartridges to cure the layer of printing material onto the platform or onto a previously cured layer of printing material previously cured onto the platform of each cartridge, so as to build 3D objects inside each of the one or more cartridges.

[0223] The 3D printing apparatus 3710 may include a user interface, such as UI 3706, which may include physical buttons to activate or otherwise initiate the printing process of a single ink cartridge; similarly, UI 3706 may include indicators to facilitate use. In an exemplary embodiment, a display or touchscreen user interface, such as touchscreen 3707, may be employed to enable a user to interact with the 3D printing apparatus 3710.

[0224] In an exemplary embodiment, each ink cartridge may be packaged individually, or multiple ink cartridges may be packaged in batches. For example, Figures 39 to 41 Describing a sealable container or package suitable for holding three single-use or disposable ink cartridges therein, such as container assembly 3703.

[0225] Now let's move on to the next set of images: Figure 42 An isometric side view of a component of the 3D printer to which the container assembly is attached in an exemplary embodiment is shown; and Figure 43 Showing an isometric side view of it from another angle. For example... Figure 42 and 43 As shown, the 3D printing system includes a container assembly 1, a light engine 4, a mounting base 7, and a hoop or arm 8. The mounting base 7 includes: a retaining frame 71 having several windows configured to position the container assembly 1; a transparent substrate 72 configured to provide a flat plane and support the retaining frame 71 and the container assembly 1; a substrate frame 73 including a large opening allowing light to pass through and several edges that securely hold the transparent substrate 72 in place; a support chassis 74; and a motor 75, which can be mounted on the support chassis 74 and configured to actuate the arm 8 in an upward or downward direction via several transmission mechanisms.

[0226] During the printing process, curing light from the light engine 4 passes sequentially through the windows / openings / paths of the support chassis 74, substrate frame 73, transparent substrate 72, and retaining frame 71, and finally forms a pattern on the bottom of the container assembly 1.

[0227] Arm 8 includes several pistons 81; when arm 8 is actuated downward, pistons 81 apply pressure to piston 15 of container assembly 1 to transfer printing material from spare chamber 12 (i.e., and optionally continuously) to printing chamber 13.

[0228] Figure 44 Showing a top view of the 3D printer, Figure 45 Display along Figure 44 A cross-sectional view of the AA axis, and Figure 46 show Figure 45 A close-up view of area B shown. (See attached image.) Figure 37 and Figure 38 As shown, a housing such as housing 3701 can be adapted to house the system's controller, motor, and light-emitting module.

[0229] like Figure 45 and 46 As shown, the 3D printer also includes a transparent surface heater 101, which is mounted on and tightly connected to the transparent substrate 72.

[0230] When current is applied to heater 101, heater 101 encounters resistance and becomes hot. The heat generated by heater 101 is then transferred to transparent substrate 72, which serves as a medium for uniformly distributing heat on its surface, and subsequently transfers the heat to high-viscosity resin.

[0231] Preferably, the heater 101 may be selected as a conductive material, particularly, for example, an indium tin oxide (ITO) coating. Figure 47 A top view showing the working surface of the 3D printer in an exemplary embodiment illustrates the arrangement of the ITO coating 101(a), while Figure 48 Showing another layout.

[0232] Because the ITO coating 101(a) allows curing light to pass through, it can be mounted directly beneath the transparent substrate 72 without concern about the heater obstructing the light path. Figure 47 In the arrangement shown, the ITO coating 101(a) covers at least the entire area of ​​all container assemblies 1, allowing the heated resin to be transferred more smoothly from the spare chamber 12 to the printing chamber 13; however, in some cases, the ITO coating 101(a) may only cover the area of ​​all printing chambers 13 and channels 14, such as... Figure 48 As shown, this not only reduces costs but is also effective.

[0233] Furthermore, compared to other heating methods, the ITO coating 101(a) provides more stable and uniform heat to the resin contained in the container assembly. Preferably, the heater 101 may have a built-in temperature sensor or thermostat to regulate the heat output; these controls ensure that the substance being heated is maintained within the desired temperature range. In some exemplary embodiments, the temperature range of the heater is 40°C to 60°C, preferably 48°C to 52°C.

[0234] Alternatively, in some exemplary embodiments, the ITO coating may be mounted above the transparent substrate 72, with its top surface in direct contact with the bottom of the container assembly 1. This arrangement allows heat to be transferred to the hydraulic system more efficiently.

[0235] Figure 49 A cross-sectional view of this arrangement shown in the above embodiments. Figure 50 An isometric side view showing the working surface of a 3D printer having an adapter 76 in an exemplary embodiment.

[0236] like Figure 50 As shown, adapter 76 is connected to retaining frame 71 and is configured to provide a stable position for container assembly 1. This configuration helps ensure that container assembly 1 is securely held in place during the printing process. It should be noted that adapter 76 may be a through-structure or may include a transparent bottom.

[0237] Figure 51 The adapter 76 is shown, which has several heaters 101(b). Additionally, as... Figure 52As shown, heater 101(b) may be attached to the wall of adapter 76, but there is no limitation on the number of heaters 101(b) that may be used, and there is no limitation on whether heater 101(b) is transparent. Heater 101(b) may include, but is not limited to, any flexible heater or any other type of surface contact heater. If adapter 76 includes a transparent bottom, then heater 101(b) may also be mounted on the bottom of adapter 76; similarly, the bottom heater 101(b) should also be transparent to allow curing light to pass through. Alternatively, in some exemplary embodiments, heater 101(c) may be integrated into arm 8 or ring piston 81.

[0238] Figure 52 A schematic diagram showing different arrangements of heater 101(c) in an exemplary embodiment. During the printing process, there is a predetermined time period during which the ring piston 81 will contact and apply pressure to piston 15. This allows heat to be transferred from arm 8 or ring piston 81 to the high-viscosity resin via piston 15. In some cases, arm 8 may be actuated downwards before printing begins, causing ring piston 81 to contact piston 15 and allowing heating of the high-viscosity resin for a longer predetermined time period. Heater 101(c) may include, but is not limited to, any flexible heater or any plug-in heater. Alternatively, in some exemplary embodiments, heater 101(c) and its power connector may be integrated into container assembly 1.

[0239] Figure 53 and Figure 54 Cross-sectional and close-up views show another arrangement of the heater 101(d) integrated into the piston 15. In this exemplary embodiment, the heater 101(d) is located at the end near the high-viscosity resin 2, allowing for more efficient heat transfer. The piston 15 and the piston 81 of the arm 8 may additionally include a power connector, allowing current to be transferred from the piston 81 to the container assembly 1 via wired or wireless means. The above embodiments are for illustrative purposes only; in fact, the output power connector 102(a) may be integrated into several other locations, such as the wall of the adapter 76, the top surface of the transparent substrate 72, or any other suitable location. Similarly, the input power connector 102(b) is not limited to integration into the piston 15 of the container assembly 1. The heater 101(d) may include, but is not limited to, any insert heater, flexible heater, or any other type of surface contact heater.

[0240] Alternatively, in some exemplary embodiments, if the heater 101(e) is opaque (non-transparent), it cannot be mounted below the printing area to avoid interfering with the light path. However, the heater 101(e) can still be mounted above / below the transparent substrate 72 outside the printing area.

[0241] Figure 55A top view showing the working surface of the 3D printer in an exemplary embodiment illustrates the arrangement of the opaque heater 101(e). During printing, heat generated by the heater 101(e) is transferred to the high-viscosity resin through the transparent substrate 72. Alternatively, in some examples, the heater 101 may be a non-contact heater mounted on the mounting base 7.

[0242] Figure 56 The illustration shows cross-sectional and close-up views of the container assembly 1 and mounting base 7 in an exemplary embodiment, illustrating the arrangement of the non-contact heater. In such... Figure 56 In the depicted exemplary embodiment, the non-contact heater may be a hot air blower for container assembly 1. The hot air blower draws in ambient air from the surrounding interior space through an air inlet, generates airflow using fan 111, and pushes the airflow 112 toward the transparent substrate 72 beneath container assembly 1. Heat is then transferred to the high-viscosity resin located within container assembly 1. The non-contact heater includes, but is not limited to, any blower, any infrared heater, or any indirect contact heater. The placement of the non-contact heater is unrestricted and can be positioned from the top, particularly for container assembly 1 used for hot air delivery.

[0243] Heating devices can be used to heat the pre-cured resin contained in the container assembly, thereby enhancing its flowability and improving the overall printing process. Improved resin flowability enhances print resolution, increases print speed, and raises the success rate of the printing process. Therefore, using heating devices within the container assembly enables a more efficient and effective printing process.

[0244] In such Figures 42-46 In the depicted embodiments, or in any other embodiments where heat is conducted through a transparent substrate, the greatest challenge is the cracking of the substrate (e.g., glass) during the heating process. The glass acts as a substrate sheet beneath the container assembly, and we use it to conduct heat through the container assembly to the resin. Glass cracking depends on a variety of factors, including the type and thickness of the glass, the applied temperature gradient, and the stress tolerance of the glass. Substrate glass is known for its poor thermal conductivity, meaning it distributes heat unevenly. When localized areas of the glass are heated while surrounding areas remain cooler, thermal stress can build up within the glass. This stress can cause the glass to crack or even shatter.

[0245] To address this issue, several methods can be employed: The target temperature can be set to a certain threshold to reduce the risk of cracking. Flexible heaters and glass with similar coefficients of thermal expansion can be utilized; mismatched coefficients may create additional stress points, increasing the likelihood of cracking. Alternatively, rapid and uneven temperature changes can be avoided by using gradual heating or employing temperature control mechanisms to reduce stress on the glass. Furthermore, thicker glass can be used to increase crack resistance. Additionally, an extra heating plate with high thermal conductivity can be installed to dissipate or transfer accumulated heat. In some exemplary embodiments, the 3D printer may employ a heating plate with high thermal conductivity to dissipate or transfer heat to the container assembly.

[0246] Therefore, the system for printing 3D objects according to the present invention may include: a controller; a container assembly adapted for hermetically storing printing material, comprising: a housing that houses a first chamber adapted for storing printing material and a second chamber adapted for receiving a platform; a channel within the housing connecting a sidewall of the first chamber to a sidewall of the second chamber, such that the first chamber and the second chamber are in fluid communication; and a structure movable within the first chamber, adapted to transfer a portion of the printing material from the first chamber to a printing area between a window surface and a platform in the second chamber; a motor coupled to the controller and configured to move the structure; and a light-emitting module communicating with the controller and configured to emit curing light through the window to cure at least a layer of printing material onto the platform or a cured layer of printing material cured onto the platform, so as to construct a 3D object on the platform.

[0247] In some exemplary embodiments, the arm may be coupled to a motor and adapted to press against the structure of the container assembly. The housing for the controller, motor, and light-emitting module may include a retaining frame disposed on the outer surface of the housing, adapted to receive the container assembly. The housing may include one or more user interface devices, including but not limited to a touchscreen interface disposed on the exterior of the housing.

[0248] In an exemplary embodiment, the system may further include a heating module adapted to heat printing material inside the container assembly. The heating module may include a transparent surface heater disposed above a portion of the retaining frame. The heating module may include a layer composed of an indium tin oxide (ITO) coating. The heating module may include an adapter removably coupled to the retaining frame, the adapter having a heating element disposed on a wall of the adapter. The heating module may include a heating element disposed above an arm and adapted to transfer heat to the container assembly.

[0249] The system according to the invention is configured to introduce or inject additive manufacturing material to construct 3D objects. For example, by introducing additive manufacturing material (i.e., 3D printing material) into a build chamber according to the invention, a method for replenishing additive manufacturing material can be facilitated; characterized by a process of introducing the build material into the build chamber by applying positive pressure. The build chamber can be hermetically sealed on at least three sides, thereby ensuring a controlled environment as discussed above. A fourth side of the build chamber can be designed for integration with a build material feed path, thereby facilitating seamless and efficient delivery of the manufacturing material into the build chamber.

[0250] As described above, referring to the figures throughout this disclosure, the second chamber suitable for the receiving platform is a build chamber, adapted to receive build material introduced into the build chamber via a feed path—by applying pressure (e.g., positive pressure). Therefore, numerous embodiments, adaptations, or configurations are possible. In these different embodiments, the construction of a 3D object in the build chamber is achieved by applying pressure (such as positive pressure) to facilitate the introduction of build material into the build chamber, where the build material is exposed to curing light.

[0251] Therefore, according to the present invention, a method for introducing additive manufacturing material to construct a 3D object may include the following steps: providing a build chamber having a plurality of walls, including a wall common to a second chamber adapted to hold the build material, the plurality of walls being sealed to ensure a controlled environment; and introducing the build material into the build chamber via a feed path by applying positive pressure to facilitate the construction of a 3D object in the build chamber.

[0252] One of the many advantages of this invention is that the controlled environment created by the hydraulic device—for example, the hermetically sealed container assembly according to the invention—allows the build or print process to be performed with the container assembly in any orientation; the container assembly can be inverted, on one side, or positioned at an angle—unrestricted—but the controlled environment therein will still allow the build process to be realized. This facilitates the incorporation of various designs for additive manufacturing systems and apparatuses (i.e., 3D printers, etc.) according to the needs of the environment in which the apparatus according to the invention is desired to be used.

[0253] Figures 58 to 59 Different possible locations or orientations of the hydraulic device according to the invention are described to illustrate this benefit. The controlled environment within the container assembly, where the building material or 3D printing material is stored, eliminates the need to position the "tank" of the system according to the invention in any particular orientation. In conventional additive manufacturing systems, especially those using resins, horizontal orientation may be required to avoid overflow and allow layers to be precisely printed onto the platform; the present invention eliminates this limitation by employing a controlled environment within the container assembly.

[0254] In some exemplary embodiments, for example, a system 5800 for constructing 3D objects may include a holding frame 5802 adapted to hold a container assembly 5801 inverted, such as Figure 58 As shown. In some exemplary embodiments, the system 5900 for constructing 3D objects may include a holding frame 5902 adapted to hold objects as shown in the diagram. Figure 59 The angle or angular position shown indicates that the container assembly 5901 is maintained.

[0255] As will be understood from this disclosure, alternative configurations can be made for practicing the invention. For example, and without limiting the scope of the invention, Figures 60 to 64 The system describes a method that may employ spring mechanisms and motors to facilitate the movement of container components.

[0256] In this embodiment, according to the invention, system 6000 is shown as having a spring 6001 on an arm 6002 connected to a structure 6006 (such as a piston) of container assembly 6003. Another arm 6004 connected to a motor or actuator module 6005 may be connected to the platform of the container assembly. In this system, the following method can be performed: at step (1), arm 6002 can be positioned (automatically, mechanically, or manually) such that spring 6001 can be in a “loaded” position; in step (2), the spring is loaded, but it is worth noting that because motor or actuator module 6005 is not yet activated, arm 6004 prevents movement of structure 6006 (i.e., the hydraulic system within container assembly 6003 is a controlled system, so that no movement occurs (and therefore the transfer of build material in the storage chamber is not possible); in step (3), motor or actuator module 6005 can be deployed such that it facilitates sufficient movement of arm 6004 along the z-axis, thus allowing the loaded spring 6001 to apply positive pressure and transfer or introduce build material into the build chamber of container assembly 6003. It is worth noting that, as with other embodiments described in this disclosure, the z-axis of the build platform is passive, because it is the applied positive pressure that introduces or transfers build material into the build chamber of the moving platform.

[0257] Figures 65 to 68 Another system according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention is described. In this system 6500, the build chamber can be coupled to a build material source (such as a pressurized container, or a container with a controlled environment, including, for example, and without limiting the scope of the invention, a squeezable container).

[0258] Therefore, in the embodiments shown in these figures, a single-chamber cartridge or container assembly 6501 may be used. In some embodiments of this configuration, the resin liquid may be compressed by a liquid actuation system 6502, which may be a pump, air compressor, etc. The resin container 6503 may include a tube 6504 connected to the liquid actuation system 6502; the liquid resin may be introduced into the construction chamber via a syringe 6505. In some embodiments, such as Figure 68 As shown in the cross-sectional view, container 6503 may be extrudable, and liquid actuation system 6502 may simply extrude container 6503 to inject or otherwise introduce building material into a single cavity or chamber of container assembly 6501.

[0259] Figure 69 A system according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention is described. In this embodiment, system 6900 includes a storage chamber 6901, wherein a piston-like structure can be replaced by a non-piston-based precision hydraulic pump 6902 (e.g., an external / internal gear pump, rotary vane pump, cycloidal pump, screw pump, etc.). The precision hydraulic pump 6902 can be configured to control the pressure in the storage chamber 6903 to hydraulically actuate the build platform in the build chamber.

[0260] Figure 70 A system according to some exemplary embodiments of the present invention is described. In this embodiment, system 7000 includes a storage chamber 7001 in which a structure such as a piston is eliminated; a build platform 7002 is movably sealed within a build chamber 7003 such that it acts as a hydraulic piston and is progressively lifted upwards (e.g., using a motor M) to hydraulically draw resin from the left chamber layer by layer into the right chamber. Without limiting the scope of the invention, this variation may include a follow-up seal 7004 in the storage chamber that follows the top level of the resin to prevent it from being exposed to air.

[0261] As will be understood, numerous embodiments, adaptations, or configurations are possible. In various embodiments, the construction of the 3D object within the build chamber is achieved by applying pressure (such as positive pressure) to facilitate the introduction of build material into the build chamber, where the build material is exposed to curing light. The structure employed is suited to ensuring a sealed, controlled environment, which both protects the efficacy of the build material before use and facilitates the design of the additive manufacturing system.

[0262] Hydraulic 3D printing systems and methods have been described. For purposes of illustration and disclosure, the foregoing description of various exemplary embodiments of the invention has been presented. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations can be made in accordance with the above teachings without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A cartridge for printing three-dimensional (3D) objects, comprising: A single-use or disposable housing adapted to align with a curing light engine outside the cartridge, the housing accommodating a channel, a first chamber, and a second chamber, wherein: The channel connects the sidewall of the first chamber to the sidewall of the second chamber, thereby enabling fluid communication between the first chamber and the second chamber. The first chamber is adapted to sealably store printing material, and The second chamber is adapted to receive the platform; and A piston, movable within the first chamber, is adapted to hydraulically move the platform and transfer a portion of the printing material from the first chamber to a printing area between the surface of a window in the second chamber and the platform, to receive curing light from the curing light engine for curing a layer of the printing material onto the platform or a cured layer of the printing material on the platform, so as to construct the 3D object on the platform.

2. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the piston is adapted to be pushed or pulled into the first chamber to hydraulically move the platform and transfer the portion of the printing material from the first chamber to the printing area in the second chamber.

3. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the platform is adapted to be removed from the second chamber to facilitate the removal of the 3D object constructed onto the platform.

4. The ink cartridge according to claim 1, further comprising a film or coating disposed above the inner surface of the window.

5. The cartridge according to claim 4, wherein the film or coating disposed above the inner surface of the window comprises one of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, a polymethylpentene (PMP) film, or a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film.

6. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the second chamber is adapted to restrict or prevent rotation of the platform.

7. The cartridge of claim 1, further comprising a removable seal that keeps the first and second chambers airtight until the seal is removed.

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