Pressure transmission device and method

Abstract

A pressure transmitting device comprises an H part, a pressure transmitting medium and a pressurizing medium and is characterized in that (1) the H part surrounds a cavity, the surface of the cavity can bear pressure, and the H part is made of a solid material; the cavity is called an H cavity; (2) the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are located in the H cavity; (3) the pressure transmitting medium is a fluid-solid conversion material, and the pressurizing medium is a long-term flowable material or a fluid-solid conversion material; the long-term flowable material is characterized in that the material always has flowability during service; the fluid-solid conversion material is characterized in that the material can be changed from a flowable state to a solid state; the end time of the flowable state of the fluid-solid conversion material used as the pressurizing medium is later than the end time of the flowable state of the fluid-solid conversion material used as the pressure transmitting medium; and (4) a pressure transmission channel is arranged, and the pressure transmission channel is communicated with the area where the pressure transmission medium in the H-shaped cavity is located.

Description

(19) State Intellectual Property Office (12) Invention Patent Application (10) Application Publication Number (43) Application Publication Date (21) Application Number 202511428226.6 (22) Application Date 2025.09.30 (66) Domestic Priority Data 202411034278.0 2024.07.30 CN (71) Applicant Wang Zhe Address 100044 No.3, Shangyuan Village, Haidian District, Beijing. Professor Wang Zhe, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University (72) Inventor Wang Zhe (51) Int.Cl. B28B 3 / 20 (2006.01) B29C 67 / 24 (2006.01) (54) Invention Title Pressure Transmission Device and Pressure Transmission Method (57) Abstract A pressure transmission device, comprising a H part, a pressure transmission medium and a pressurizing medium, having the following features: (1) The H part surrounds a cavity, The cavity surface can withstand pressure, and the H part is made of solid material; the cavity is called the H cavity; (2) the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are located in the H cavity; (3) the pressure transmitting medium is a fluid-solid conversion material, and the pressurizing medium is a long-term flowable material or a fluid-solid conversion material; the long-term flowable material is characterized in that the material has fluidity during service; the fluid-solid conversion material is characterized in that the material can change from a flowable state to a solid state; the end time of the flowable state of the fluid-solid conversion material used as the pressurizing medium is later than the end time of the flowable state of the fluid-solid conversion material used as the pressure transmitting medium; (4) it has a pressure transmitting channel, and the pressure transmitting channel is connected to the area where the pressure transmitting medium is located in the H cavity. Claims 9 pages, Description 45 pages, Drawings 20 pages, CN 121552506 A 2026.02.24 CN 1 21 55 25 06 A 1. A pressure transmitting device, comprising an H portion, a pressure transmitting medium, and a pressurizing medium, having the following characteristics: (1) The H portion surrounds a cavity, the surface of which is capable of withstanding pressure, and the H portion is made of a solid material; the cavity is referred to as the H cavity; (2) The pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are located within the H cavity; (3) The pressure transmitting medium is a fluid-solid conversion material, and the pressurizing medium is a long-term flowable material or a fluid-solid conversion material; The long-term flowable material is characterized in that it maintains fluidity throughout its service life; The fluid-solid conversion material is characterized in that it can change from a flowable state to a solid state; The end time of the flowable state of the fluid-solid conversion material used as the pressurizing medium is later than the end time of the flowable state of the fluid-solid conversion material used as the pressure transmitting medium; (4) It has a pressure transmission channel, which is connected to the region where the pressure transmission medium is located in the H-cavity. 2. The pressure transmission device according to claim 1, characterized in that,Under the condition that both the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state, if the volume of the pressurizing medium increases, at least one of the following situations will occur: (1) the pressure transmitting medium increases its own pressure; (2) a portion of the pressure transmitting medium flows out of the H cavity through the pressure transmitting channel. 3. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, during the operation of the pressure transmitting device, there is at least one time period in which one of the following three characteristics (A, B, and C) is present: (1) Characteristic A is: a. both the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state; b. compressive stress exists inside both the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium; (2) Characteristic B is: a. the pressure transmitting medium is in the solidification process and the pressurizing medium is in a flowable state; b. compressive stress exists inside both the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium; (3) Characteristic C is: a. the pressure transmitting medium is in a solid state and the pressurizing medium is in a flowable state; b. compressive stress exists inside both the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium. 4. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is further provided with a pressurizing channel, the pressurizing channel being connected to the H cavity. 5. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that it has the following features A and / or B: (1) Feature A is that the pressure transmitting medium includes at least one of the following: liquid, semi-solid, liquid-solid mixture, semi-solid mixture; (2) Feature B is that the pressurizing medium includes at least one of the following: gas, liquid, semi-solid, gas-liquid mixture, liquid-solid mixture, semi-solid mixture; (3) wherein the semi-solid is a viscoplastic material with very low yield stress, which can support its own weight and maintain a relatively stable shape when in a suitable shape and volume; when the shear stress it bears exceeds its yield stress, shear deformation occurs; the gas-liquid mixture is a mixture of gas and liquid; the liquid-solid mixture is a mixture of liquid and solid particles and / or solid powder; the semi-solid mixture is a mixture of semi-solid and solid particles and / or solid powder. 6. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that it has one of the following three features: (1) the entire surface of the H cavity is the surface of the H cavity matrix; (2) the entire surface of the H cavity is the surface of the separation layer; (3) the surface of the H cavity includes the surface of the separation layer and the portion of the H cavity matrix surface not covered by the separation layer; wherein, the surface of the H cavity matrix is ​​the surface of the inner wall of the H part, and the inner wall material is integral with the H part; the separation layer has the following features: (a) the separation layer can prevent the fluid-solid conversion material in the H cavity from directly contacting the surface of the H cavity matrix during the solidification process, so as to prevent the fluid-solid conversion material from sticking together with the H part after solidification; (b) the separation layer is conducive to separating the solidified fluid-solid conversion material from the H part. 7. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that it has feature A and feature B:(1) Feature A is that it has at least one of the following three features: (1.1) There is an isolator between at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressure-transmitting medium and at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressurizing medium, the isolator separating the two boundary surfaces; the isolator includes an isolator and / or an isolator material, the isolator and the isolator material being solid; (1.2) There is a flowable isolator material between at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressure-transmitting medium and at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressurizing medium, the flowable isolator material separating the two boundary surfaces; the flowable isolator material having fluidity; (1.3) There is an overlap between at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressure-transmitting medium and at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressurizing medium, the overlap being called a contact surface; (2) Feature B is that: (2.1) No part of the boundary surface of the pressure-transmitting medium overlaps with the surface of the H cavity; and / or (2.2) At least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressure-transmitting medium overlaps with the surface of the H cavity. 8. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least cavity 1 and cavity 2 exist in the H cavity, and cavity 1 and cavity 2 have the following characteristics: (1) there is an isolator between cavity 1 and cavity 2, the flowable medium in cavity 1 cannot enter cavity 2, and the flowable medium in cavity 2 cannot enter cavity 1; the isolator includes an isolator device and / or isolator material, and the isolator device and the isolator material are solid; (2) when the volume of cavity 1 changes, the size and / or shape of the isolator changes; and / or, when the volume of cavity 2 changes, the size and / or shape of the isolator changes; (3) cavity 1 is a pressure transmitting cavity, which is filled with a pressure transmitting medium, and the pressure transmitting channel is connected to cavity 1; cavity 2 is a pressurizing cavity, which is filled with a pressurizing medium. 9. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 8, characterized in that, during at least a certain time period in the operation of the pressure transmitting device, the cavity 1 is one of the following: a Class A surface cavity, a Class B surface cavity, or a Class C surface cavity; (1) The Class A surface cavity is characterized in that the cavity surface is a Class A surface; The Class A surface is characterized in that the entire surface F of the cavity is the surface of the isolation device, excluding any part of the surface of the H cavity; (2) The Class B surface cavity is characterized in that the cavity surface is a Class B surface; The Class B surface has the following features I and features II: (a) Feature I is that the surface F of the cavity includes surface F1 and surface F2, surface F1 belongs to the surface of the isolation device, and surface F2 belongs to the surface of the H cavity; (b) Feature II is that, in the surface of the cavity, the area of ​​surface F2 is smaller than the area of ​​surface F1; (3) The Class C surface cavity is characterized in that the cavity surface is a Class C surface;The Class C surface has the aforementioned feature I and the following feature III; feature III is that, in the surface of the cavity, the area of ​​surface F2 is greater than or equal to the area of ​​surface F1. 10. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the isolator is one of the following: a type 1 isolator, a type 2 isolator, or a type 3 isolator; (1) the type 1 isolator comprises at least two components, each component having a certain rigidity and each component having a fixed shape during operation; when the volume of cavity 1 and / or cavity 2 changes, at least two adjacent components undergo relative movement; (2) the type 2 isolator comprises a thin layer of material; when the volume of cavity 1 and / or cavity 2 changes, at least one of the following occurs: (a) the thin layer of material expands or contracts, (b) the thin layer of material bends, (c) the surface shape of the thin layer of material changes; (3) the type 3 isolator comprises a G1 part and a G2 part; the G1 part comprises one or more components, each component having a certain rigidity and a fixed shape; the material of the G2 part comprises a thin layer of material; when the volume of cavity 1 and / or cavity 2 changes, at least one of the following occurs. (a) When the number of components in the G1 part is greater than or equal to 2, at least two adjacent components move relative to each other; (b) The thin layer material of the G2 part expands or contracts; (c) The thin layer material of the G2 part bends; (d) The shape of the surface of the G2 part changes. 11. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 10, characterized in that the type 3 isolation device has features I and II, or has the following features I and III: (1) Feature I is that the G1 part has an internal region, the internal region of the G1 part is the region surrounded and / or encircled by the G1 part; (2) Feature II is that during the volume change of the internal region of the isolation device, at least for a certain period of time, all or most of the G2 part is not in the internal region of the G1 part; (3) Feature III is that during the volume change of the internal region of the isolation device, at least for a certain period of time, the G2 part is all or most of the internal region of the G1 part. Claims 3 / 9, page 4, CN 121552506 A 12. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 10, characterized in that the type 2 or type 3 isolation device includes a section of pipe, the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe hole is variable, and both ends of the pipe are fixed to the H portion; a pressure transmitting channel communicating with the pipe hole is provided at one end of the pipe hole, or pressure transmitting channels communicating with the pipe hole are respectively provided at both ends of the pipe. 13. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one dual-flow contact surface exists in the H cavity;The dual-flow contact surface has the following characteristics: the media above and below the contact are referred to as the upper medium and the lower medium, respectively, and the upper medium and the lower medium are in a flowable state for at least a certain period of time during the operation of the pressure transmission device. 14. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 13, characterized in that the upper medium and the lower medium of the dual-flow contact surface are immiscible; the immiscibility means having one of the following four characteristics: (1) the lower medium includes a liquid and the upper medium includes a liquid; regardless of whether the lower medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, and regardless of whether the upper medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, the liquid in the upper medium does not dissolve in the liquid in the lower medium, and the liquid in the lower medium also does not dissolve in the liquid in the upper medium; (2) the lower medium includes a liquid and the upper medium includes a semi-solid; regardless of whether the lower medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, and regardless of whether the upper medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, the semi-solid in the upper medium does not dissolve in the liquid in the lower medium; (3) the lower medium includes a semi-solid and the upper medium includes a liquid; regardless of whether the lower medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, and regardless of whether the upper medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, the semi-solid in the lower medium does not dissolve in the liquid in the upper medium; (4) The lower medium is a semi-solid, or a mixture of semi-solid and solid powder and / or solid particles; the upper medium is a semi-solid, or a mixture of semi-solid and solid powder and / or solid particles; if the semi-solid in the lower medium is directly mixed with the semi-solid in the upper medium without containing solid powder or solid particles, the two will separate into layers or form an uneven mixture. 15. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 14, characterized in that the upper medium and the lower medium of the dual-flow contact surface are compatible, and the compatibility is either Class I or Class II; (1) The Class I compatibility includes: a. Both the upper medium and the lower medium are in a flowable state; b. The upper medium and the lower medium do not react chemically; c. The upper medium and the lower medium are immiscible; d. The lower medium has a higher specific gravity than the upper medium; (2) The Class II compatibility includes: a. Both the upper medium and the lower medium are in a flowable state; b. The upper medium and the lower medium are immiscible; c. The lower medium has a higher specific gravity than the upper medium; d. The upper medium and the lower medium react chemically, but the effect of the chemical reaction has the following two characteristics: (i) Before the pressure transmitting device stops working, the reactants of the upper medium and the lower medium are near the contact surface, and the distribution range meets the preset requirements; (ii) The reactants do not hinder the downward movement of the upper medium and the lower medium. Claims, pages 4 / 9, CN 121552506 A16. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 15, characterized in that only one dual-flow contact surface exists in the H cavity, the dual-flow contact surface is denoted as S0; the upper medium and the lower medium of the dual-flow contact surface S0 are compatible; the dual-flow contact surface S0 is a type A contact surface or a type B contact surface; (1) the type A contact surface has the following characteristics, the upper medium of the contact surface S0 is a pressurizing medium, and the lower medium of the contact surface S0 is a pressure transmitting medium; (2) the type B contact surface has the following characteristics, the upper medium of the contact surface S0 is a pressure transmitting medium, and the lower medium of the contact surface S0 is a pressurizing medium. 17. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 15, characterized in that two dual-flow contact surfaces exist in the H cavity, namely dual-flow contact surfaces S1 and S2; the upper medium and the lower medium of the dual-flow contact surface S1 are compatible, and the upper medium and the lower medium of the dual-flow contact surface S2 are compatible; the dual-flow contact surfaces S1 and S2 have feature C or feature D; (1) feature C is that the lower medium of contact surface S1 is a pressure transmitting medium, and the upper medium of contact surface S1 is a flowable isolation material; the lower medium of contact surface S2 is a flowable isolation material, and the upper medium of contact surface S2 is a pressurizing medium; (2) feature D is that the upper medium of contact surface S1 is a pressure transmitting medium, and the lower medium of contact surface S1 is a flowable isolation material; the upper medium of contact surface S2 is a flowable isolation material, and the lower medium of contact surface S2 is a pressurizing medium; the flowable isolation material has fluidity. 18. The pressure transmitting device according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that there is no isolator in cavity H. 19. The pressure transmitting device according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that a solid isolator is provided in cavity H, which divides cavity H into cavity 1 and cavity 2, but the two cavities are connected; cavity 1 has one of the following characteristics: (1) the dual-flow contact surface S0 and the media above and below it are both located in cavity 1; (2) the dual-flow contact surface S1 and the media above and below it are both located in cavity 1; and / or, the dual-flow contact surface S2 and the media above and below it are both located in cavity 1. 20. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 19, characterized in that the solid isolator includes a section of pipe, the upper end of which is a connecting channel between cavity 1 and cavity 2; when the pressure transmitting device is in operation, the axis of the pipe is parallel to the direction of gravity, or the included angle is less than 30°. 21. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 20, characterized in that a barrier device is placed in the section of pipe, the function of which is to reduce the contact area between the medium below the barrier device and the medium above the barrier device; there is a gap between the side of the barrier device and the inner wall of the pipe, and the medium below the barrier device and / or the medium above the barrier device can be squeezed into the gap.22. A kit for assembling a pressure transmitting device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that it has the following features A and B, or features A and C: (a) Feature A is that the kit includes at least one of the following three items: (1) a separately packaged pressure transmitting medium or each component material of a separately packaged pressure transmitting medium, wherein the various components are mixed to form a pressure transmitting medium; (b) a separately packaged pressurizing medium or each component material of a separately packaged pressurizing medium, wherein the various components are mixed to form a pressurizing medium; (c) a separately packaged flowable isolation material or each component material of a separately packaged flowable isolation material, wherein the various components are mixed to form a flowable isolation material; (d) Feature B is that the kit includes a separate H portion, or includes a separate H portion and a separate isolation element; (e) Feature C is that the kit includes: (1) a separate HG portion; The HG section includes the following components and / or materials connected together: (a) at least a portion of the components of the H section; (b) at least a portion of the components and / or at least a portion of the materials of the separator; (2) separate components in the H section that are not included in the HG section; if all components of the H section are connected in the HG section, then there are no components in the H section that are not included in the HG section; (3) separate components and / or materials in the separator that are not included in the HG section; if all components and / or materials of the separator are connected in the HG section, then there are no components and / or materials in the separator that are not included in the HG section. 23. A dual-cavity device comprising an H portion and a separator; characterized in that: (1) the H portion surrounds a cavity, the surface of which is capable of withstanding pressure, and the H portion is made of a solid material; the cavity is referred to as the H cavity; (2) at least a cavity 1 and a cavity 2 having the following characteristics exist in the H cavity: (3) a separator exists between the cavity 1 and the cavity 2, preventing the flowable medium in the cavity 1 from entering the cavity 2, and preventing the flowable medium in the cavity 2 from entering the cavity 1; the separator comprises a separator device and / or a separator material, wherein the separator device and the separator material are solid; (4) the size and / or shape of the separator changes when the volume of the cavity 1 changes; and / or, the size and / or shape of the separator changes when the volume of the cavity 2 changes; (5) it has a channel 1 communicating with the cavity 1. 24. The dual-cavity device according to claim 23, characterized in that, during at least a certain period of time during the operation of the dual-cavity device, the cavity 1 is one of the following: a Class A surface cavity, a Class B surface cavity, or a Class C surface cavity; (1) The Class A surface cavity is characterized in that the cavity surface is a Class A surface;The Class A surface is characterized in that the entire surface F of the cavity is the surface of the isolation device, excluding any part of the surface of the H cavity; (2) The Class B surface cavity is characterized in that the cavity surface is a Class B surface; The Class B surface has the following features I and features II, (a) Feature I is that the surface F of the cavity includes surface F1 and surface F2, surface F1 belongs to the surface of the isolation device, and surface F2 belongs to the surface of the H cavity; (b) Feature II is that, in the surface of the cavity, the area of ​​surface F2 is less than the area of ​​surface F1; Claims 6 / 9 pages 7 CN 121552506 A (3) The Class C surface cavity is characterized in that the cavity surface is a Class C surface; The Class C surface has the aforementioned feature I and the following feature III; Feature III is that, in the surface of the cavity, the area of ​​surface F2 is greater than or equal to the area of ​​surface F1. 25. The dual-cavity device according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the isolator is one of the following: a type 1 isolator, a type 2 isolator, or a type 3 isolator; (1) the type 1 isolator comprises at least two components, each component having a certain rigidity and each component having a fixed shape during operation; when the volume of cavity 1 and / or cavity 2 changes, at least two adjacent components undergo relative movement; (2) the type 2 isolator comprises a thin layer of material; when the volume of cavity 1 and / or cavity 2 changes, at least one of the following occurs: (a) the thin layer of material expands or contracts, (b) the thin layer of material bends, (c) the surface shape of the thin layer of material changes; (3) the type 3 isolator comprises a G1 part and a G2 part; the G1 part comprises one or more components, each component having a certain rigidity and a fixed shape; the material of the G2 part comprises a thin layer of material; when the volume of cavity 1 and / or cavity 2 changes, at least one of the following occurs. (a) When the number of components in part G1 is greater than or equal to 2, at least two adjacent components move relative to each other; (b) The thin layer material in part G2 expands or contracts; (c) The thin layer material in part G2 bends; (d) The shape of the surface of part G2 changes. 26. A method for applying pressure to a medium in a closed cavity using a pressure transmitting device, characterized in that: (i) the pressure transmitting device is as described in any one of claims 1 to 21; at least one of the following is present in the closed cavity: a flowable medium, a solid medium, or a fluid-solid transition medium; the fluid-solid transition medium is a fluid-solid transition material; (ii) the method includes the following steps: (P1) directly connecting the pressure transmitting channel of the pressure transmitting device to the closed cavity, or connecting it to the closed cavity through a pressure transmitting pipeline; (P2) applying pressure to the pressurized medium using a self-expanding device in the pressure transmitting device, or applying pressure to the pressurized medium in the pressure transmitting device using a pressurizing device.27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that the closed cavity is cavity A of the composite structural component; the component includes an A portion surrounding the cavity and a B portion existing in the cavity, the cavity being referred to as cavity A; the A portion is solid, and the surface of cavity A is capable of withstanding pressure; the material of the B portion is a fluid-solid conversion material. 28. According to claim 27, characterized in that, corresponding to the component and the pressure transmitting device, there exists at least one such time period during which one of the following characteristics I to V is present: (1) Characteristic I is that the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state; the material in part B of cavity A of the component is in a flowable state stage, and compressive stress exists inside part B; (2) Characteristic I is that the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state; the material in part B of cavity A of the component is in a solidification process, and compressive stress exists inside part B; (3) Characteristic III is that the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state; the material in part B of cavity A of the component is in a solid state, and compressive stress exists inside part B; (4) Characteristic IV is that the pressurizing medium is in a flowable state; the material in part B of cavity A of the component is in a solid state, and compressive stress exists inside part B; During the solidification process of the pressure-transmitting medium in cavity A of the component, there is compressive stress inside the pressure-transmitting medium; (5) The characteristic V is that the pressurizing medium is in a flowable state; both the material of part B and the pressure-transmitting medium are in a solid state; there is compressive stress inside both part B and the pressure-transmitting medium in cavity A of the component. 29. A method for manufacturing a pressure-transmitting device, characterized in that the device is as described in any one of claims 1 to 28. 30. A method for manufacturing a single-cavity pressure transmitting device, characterized by comprising the following steps: (S1) obtaining an H portion, wherein the H portion surrounds a cavity, the surface of the cavity is capable of withstanding pressure, and the H portion is made of a solid material; the cavity is referred to as the H cavity; (S2) filling the H cavity with a pressure transmitting medium; (S3) filling the H cavity with a pressurizing medium; wherein the H portion has a pressure transmitting channel, the pressure transmitting channel being connected to the area of ​​the pressure transmitting medium in the H cavity; the H portion has a pressurizing channel, the pressurizing channel being connected to the area of ​​the pressurizing medium in the H cavity; the order of steps (S2) and (S3) is interchangeable. 31. The manufacturing method according to claim 30, characterized in that there is a contact surface between the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium, and has the following characteristics: (1) the specific gravity of the pressure transmitting medium is greater than that of the pressurizing medium, the pressure transmitting medium is below the contact surface, and the pressurizing medium is above the contact surface; or, (2) the specific gravity of the pressurizing medium is greater than that of the pressure transmitting medium, the pressurizing medium is below the contact surface, and the pressure transmitting medium is above the contact surface;The pressure medium is located above the contact surface. 32. The manufacturing method according to claim 30, characterized in that it has the following features A and B, or features A and C: (1) Feature A is that a flowable isolation material is also present in the H cavity, the flowable isolation material being located between the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium; (2) Feature B is that the specific gravity of the pressure transmitting medium is greater than that of the flowable isolation material, the specific gravity of the flowable isolation material is greater than that of the pressurizing medium; the pressure transmitting medium is located below the flowable isolation material, and the pressurizing medium is located above the flowable isolation material; (3) Feature C is that the specific gravity of the pressurizing medium is greater than that of the flowable isolation material, the specific gravity of the flowable isolation material is greater than that of the pressure transmitting medium; the pressurizing medium is located below the flowable isolation material, and the pressure transmitting medium is located above the flowable isolation material. 33. A method for manufacturing a dual-cavity pressure transmission device, selected from the following methods I to III: (a) Method I includes the following steps: (1) obtaining part H and a separator; (2) assembling the components of part H and the separator together; after assembly, cavity 1 and cavity 2 exist in cavity H; (3) filling cavity 1 in cavity H with a pressure transmission medium; (4) filling cavity 2 in cavity H with a pressurizing medium; (b) Method II includes the following steps: (1) obtaining part H and a separator; (2) connecting some components of part H with at least some components and / or at least some separator material in the separator to form intermediate component 1, said intermediate component 1 containing cavity 1; (3) filling said cavity 1 with a pressure transmission medium; (4) connecting intermediate component 1 with the remaining components of part H and / or the remaining separator; (5) filling cavity 2 with a pressurizing medium; (c) Method III includes the following steps: (1) obtaining part H and a separator; (2) Connecting some components of part H to at least some components and / or at least some isolation materials in the separator to form intermediate component 2, wherein intermediate component 2 contains cavity 2; (3) Filling cavity 2 with pressurizing medium; (4) Connecting intermediate component 2 to the remaining components of part H and / or the remaining separator; (5) Filling cavity 1 with pressure transmitting medium. (IV) Wherein, part H is solid; the separator is solid, including separator device and / or separator material; the flowable medium in cavity 1 cannot enter cavity 2, and the flowable medium in cavity 2 cannot enter cavity 1; when cavity 1 changes volume, the separator changes size and / or shape; when cavity 2 changes volume, the separator changes size and / or shape.In the fabricated dual-cavity pressure transmitting device, there exists a pressure transmitting channel communicating with cavity 1 and a pressurizing channel communicating with cavity 2. Claims 9 / 9 pages 10 CN 121552506 A Pressure transmitting device and pressure transmitting method Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of construction, bridges, underground engineering, water conservancy, and machinery, specifically to combined structures and their manufacturing methods. Background Art

[0002] The combined structural component manufactured using the pre-compression method includes part A and part B. Part A is a solid, and part A surrounds a closed cavity. The surface of the cavity can withstand pressure, and this cavity is called cavity A. Part B is a fluid-solid conversion material, which is a material that can change from a flowable state to a solid state; during the process of filling cavity A and for a period of time after filling, the material of part B is in a flowable state; after a suitable length of time, the material of part B becomes a solid state. After all the fluid-solid conversion material in cavity A has solidified, these materials are to be under pressure.

[0003] A primary method for applying pressure is as follows: a pressurizing device is connected to cavity A of the component via a pipeline, which is filled with a flowable pressure-transfer material; the pressurizing device forces the pressure-transfer material through the pipeline into cavity A of the component, applying pressure to the material in part B of the cavity. The pressure-transfer material must be a fluid-solid transition material: after entering cavity A of the component, it is initially in a flowable state and eventually becomes a solid state. To maintain appropriate pressure on the fluid-solid transition material in cavity A of the component, which serves as the material in part B and as the pressure-transfer material, the pressure-transfer material in cavity A of the component must solidify under pressure and reach a preset strength. If continuous pressurization is applied using the pressurizing device, the pressure-transfer material will solidify in the pressurizing device, making the pressurizing device unusable. Pressurizing devices are typically expensive, such as hydraulic pumps, and using them only once is wasteful. Summary of the Invention

[0004] I. Technical Problems to be Solved

[0005] If a pressure device is used to directly pressurize a fluid-solid conversion material, the fluid-solid conversion material will come into contact with the pressure device. This results in three derivative problems.

[0006] (1) The pressure device needs to be cleaned

[0007] Even if the pressure device is stopped when the fluid-solid conversion material is in the flowable stage, the residual fluid-solid conversion material in the pressure device needs to be cleaned to prevent the residual fluid-solid conversion material from solidifying in the pressure device.

[0008] (2) The fluid-solid conversion material solidifies in the pressure device

[0009] If the fluid-solid conversion material is allowed to solidify and gain strength under pressure, the fluid-solid conversion material will solidify in the pressure device, making the pressure device usable only once.

[0010] (3) Special equipment is required

[0011] If the fluid-solid conversion material contains solid particles, or contains water, or contains solidifiable polymer materials, special equipment is required.Special, non-standard pressurization equipment is required. These devices are typically expensive.

[0012] The present invention aims to solve the above problems.

[0013] II. Summary of the Invention

[0014] I. Pressure Transmission Device

[0015] A pressure transmission device, comprising an H section, a pressure transmission medium, and a pressurizing medium, having the following characteristics: Specification 1 / 45 pages 11 CN 121552506 A

[0016] (1) The H section surrounds a cavity, the surface of which can withstand pressure, and the H section is made of a solid material; the cavity is called the H cavity;

[0017] (2) The pressure transmission medium and the pressurizing medium are located in the H cavity;

[0018] (3) The pressure transmission medium is a fluid-solid conversion material, and the pressurizing medium is a long-term flowable material or a fluid-solid conversion material;

[0019] The long-term flowable material is characterized in that the material maintains fluidity throughout its service life;

[0020] The fluid-solid conversion material is characterized in that the material can change from a flowable state to a solid state;

[0021] The end time of the flowable state of the fluid-solid conversion material used as the pressurizing medium is later than the end time of the flowable state of the fluid-solid conversion material used as the pressure transmitting medium;

[0022] (4) The pressure transmitting device is provided with a pressure transmitting channel, which is connected to the area where the pressure transmitting medium is located in the H cavity.

[0023] Further,

[0024] Under the condition that both the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state, if the volume of the pressurizing medium increases, at least one of the following situations will occur,

[0025] (1) The pressure transmitting medium increases its own pressure,

[0026] (2) A portion of the pressure transmitting medium flows out of the H cavity through the pressure transmitting channel.

[0027] Further,

[0028] During the operation of the pressure transmitting device, there is at least one time period, which has one of the following three characteristics:

[0029] (1) Characteristic A is:

[0030] a. Both the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state;

[0031] b. There is compressive stress inside both the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium;

[0032] (2) Characteristic B is:

[0033] a. The pressure transmitting medium is in the solidification process, and the pressurizing medium is in a flowable state;

[0034] b. There is compressive stress inside both the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium;

[0035] (3) Characteristic C is:

[0036] a. The pressure transmitting medium is in a solid state, and the pressurizing medium is in a flowable state;

[0037] b. There is compressive stress inside both the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium.

[0038] Further,

[0039] a pressurization channel is also provided in the H section, and the pressurization channel is in communication with the H cavity.

[0040] Further,

[0041] the pressurization channel is in communication with the area where the pressurization medium is located in the H cavity.

[0042] Further,

[0043] the pressurization channel is also connected to the pressurization device.

[0044] Further,

[0045] a self-expanding device exists in the area where the pressurizing medium is located; when the volume of the self-expanding device increases, the pressure-transmitting medium increases its own pressure and / or a portion of the pressure-transmitting medium flows out of the H cavity through the pressure-transmitting channel; under certain conditions, the apparent volume of the self-expanding device can increase.

[0046] Further, Specification 2 / 45 pages 12 CN 121552506 A

[0047] the pressurizing medium is an expandable material;

[0048] preferably, the expandable material includes compressed gas or gas that can generate gas.

[0049] Further,

[0050] At least during a certain time period, the pressure transmitting device has the following feature A, or has the following features A and feature B,

[0051] (i) Feature A is,

[0052] the pressure transmitting channel of the pressure transmitting device is directly or through a pressure transmitting pipeline connected to a closed cavity, and the pressure transmitting channel and the pressure transmitting pipeline are filled with a pressure transmitting medium;

[0053] (ii) Feature B is,

[0054] the pressurizing channel of the pressure transmitting device is directly or through a pressurizing pipeline connected to a pressurizing device; the pressurizing channel and the pressurizing pipeline are filled with a pressurizing medium.

[0055] Further,

[0056] During the time period, at least one of the following exists in the closed cavity: a flowable medium, a solid medium, or a fluid-solid conversion medium; the fluid-solid conversion medium is a fluid-solid conversion material.

[0057] Further,

[0058] During the time period,

[0059] (1) Both the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state;

[0060] (2) When the pressure of the pressurizing medium in the pressurizing pipeline and / or the H cavity changes, the pressure of the pressure transmitting medium in the pressure transmitting pipeline changes accordingly; and / or,

[0061] When the pressure of the pressurizing medium in the pressurizing pipeline and / or the H cavity changes, the pressure of at least a portion of the medium in the closed cavity changes accordingly.

[0062] Further,

[0063] The closed cavity is the A cavity of the combined structural component;

[0064] The component includes an A portion surrounding the cavity and a B portion located in the cavity, wherein the cavity is referred to as the A cavity; the A portion is solid, and the surface of the A cavity can withstand pressure; the material of the B portion includes at least one of the following: a flowable material, a solid material, or a fluid-solid conversion material.

[0065] Further,

[0066] there exists at least one time period corresponding to the component, the time period having one of the following characteristics I to V:

[0067] (1) characteristic I is that,

[0068] the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state;

[0069] In the A cavity of the component, the material in part B is in a flowable state, and compressive stress exists inside part B;

[0070] (2) The feature I is,

[0071] the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state;

[0072] In the A cavity of the component, the material in part B is in the solidification process, and compressive stress exists inside part B;

[0073] (3) The feature III is,

[0074] the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state;

[0075] In the A cavity of the component, the material in part B is in a solid state, and compressive stress exists inside part B;

[0076] (4) The feature IV is, 3 / 45 pages of the specification 13 CN 121552506 A

[0077] the pressurizing medium is in a flowable state;

[0078] In the A cavity of the component, the material in part B is in a solid state, and compressive stress exists inside part B;

[0079] During the solidification process of the pressure-transmitting medium in cavity A of the component, there is compressive stress inside the pressure-transmitting medium;

[0080] (5) The characteristic V is that,

[0081] the pressurizing medium is in a flowable state;

[0082] both the material of part B and the pressure-transmitting medium are in a solid state;

[0083] in cavity A of the component, there is compressive stress inside part B and inside the pressure-transmitting medium.

[0084] Further,

[0085] the pressure-transmitting medium is selected from,

[0086] cement-based materials, a mixture of cement-based materials and polymer materials, solidifiable polymer materials, a mixture of solidifiable polymer materials and solid particles and / or solid powders;

[0087] the cement-based material is characterized in that its material composition includes at least cement and water, and the cement participates in the hydration reaction.

[0088] Further,

[0089] it has the following features A and / or B:

[0090] (1) Feature A is,

[0091] the pressure transmitting medium includes at least one of the following: liquid, semi-solid, liquid-solid mixture, semi-solid mixture;

[0092] (2) Feature B is,

[0093] the pressurizing medium includes at least one of the following: gas, liquid, semi-solid, gas-liquid mixture, liquid-solid mixture, semi-solid mixture;

[0094] (3) wherein,

[0095] the semi-solid is a viscoplastic material with very low yield stress, which can support its own weight and maintain a relatively stable shape when in a suitable shape and volume; when the shear stress it bears exceeds its yield stress, shear deformation occurs;

[0096] the gas-liquid mixture is a mixture of gas and liquid;

[0097] the liquid-solid mixture is a mixture of liquid and solid particles and / or solid powder;

[0098] The semi-solid mixture is a mixture of a semi-solid with solid particles and / or solid powder.

[0099] Further,

[0100] The semi-solid is a fluid-solid conversion material; the shear deformation it undergoes in the flowable state does not affect its long-term strength, or the degree of its influence on the long-term strength is within the required range.

[0101] Further,

[0102] it has one of the following three characteristics:

[0103] (1) the entire surface of the H cavity is the surface of the H cavity matrix;

[0104] (2) the entire surface of the H cavity is the surface of the separation layer;

[0105] (3) the surface of the H cavity includes the surface of the separation layer and the part of the H cavity matrix surface that is not covered by the separation layer;

[0106] wherein,

[0107] the surface of the H cavity matrix is ​​the surface of the inner wall of the H part, and the inner wall material is integral with the H part;

[0108] the separation layer has the following characteristics: (a) the separation layer can prevent the fluid-solid conversion material in the H cavity from directly contacting the surface of the H cavity matrix during the solidification process, so as to prevent the fluid-solid conversion material from sticking together with the H part after solidification; (b) the separation layer is conducive to separating the solidified fluid-solid conversion material from the H part.

[0109] Further,

[0110] having features A and features B:

[0111] (1) Feature A is having at least one of the following three features: (1.1) There is an isolator between at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressure-transmitting medium and at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressurizing medium, the isolator separating the two boundary surfaces; the isolator is solid, including an isolating device and / or an isolating material;

[0112] (1.2) There is a flowable isolating material between at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressure-transmitting medium and at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressurizing medium; the flowable isolating material has fluidity;

[0113] (1.3) There is an overlap between at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressure-transmitting medium and at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressurizing medium, the overlap being called a contact surface;

[0114] (2) Feature B is,

[0115] (2.1) No part of any portion of the boundary surface of the pressure-transmitting medium overlaps with the surface of the H cavity;

[0116] and / or

[0117] (2.2) At least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressure-transmitting medium overlaps with the surface of the H-cavity.

[0118] Further,

[0119] At least cavity 1 and cavity 2 exist in the H-cavity, and cavity 1 and cavity 2 have the following characteristics:

[0120] (1) There is a separator between cavity 1 and cavity 2, and the flowable medium in cavity 1 cannot enter cavity 2, and the flowable medium in cavity 2 cannot enter cavity 1; the separator is solid and includes a separator device and / or a separator material;

[0121] (2) When the volume of cavity 1 changes, the size and / or shape of the separator changes; and / orOr, when the volume of the cavity 2 changes, the size and / or shape of the separator changes;

[0122] (3) The cavity 1 is a pressure-transmitting cavity, which is filled with a pressure-transmitting medium, and the pressure-transmitting channel is connected to the cavity 1; The cavity 2 is a pressurizing cavity, which is filled with a pressurizing medium.

[0123] Further,

[0124] There is also a pressurizing channel connected to the cavity 2.

[0125] Further,

[0126] When the volume of the cavity 2 increases, the volume of the cavity 1 decreases; and / or,

[0127] When the volume of the cavity 2 decreases, the volume of the cavity 1 increases.

[0128] Further,

[0129] During at least a certain period of time during the operation of the pressure transmitting device, the cavity 1 is one of the following: a Class A surface cavity, a Class B surface cavity, or a Class C surface cavity;

[0130] (1) The Class A surface cavity is characterized in that the cavity surface is a Class A surface;

[0131] The Class A surface is characterized in that the entire surface F of the cavity is the surface of the isolation device, excluding any part of the surface of the H cavity;

[0132] (2) The Class B surface cavity is characterized in that the cavity surface is a Class B surface;

[0133] The Class B surface has the following features I and features II,

[0134] (a) Feature I is,

[0135] The surface F of the cavity includes surface F1 and surface F2, surface F1 belongs to the surface of the isolation device, and surface F2 belongs to the surface of the H cavity;

[0136] (b) Feature II is,

[0137] In the surface of the cavity, the area of ​​surface F2 is smaller than the area of ​​surface F1;

[0138] (3) The characteristic of the Class C surface cavity is that the cavity surface is a Class C surface;

[0139] The Class C surface has the aforementioned characteristic I and the following characteristic III;

[0140] The characteristic III is that in the surface of the cavity, the area of ​​surface F2 is greater than or equal to the area of ​​surface F1. Further, the surface F of the cavity 1 includes surface F1 and surface F2, surface F1 belongs to the surface of the isolation device, and surface F2 belongs to the surface of the cavity H;

[0141] The surface F2 has at least one of the following three characteristics,

[0142] (1) At least during a certain period of time in the working process, the ratio η between the area of ​​the surface F2 and the area of ​​the surface F1 is one of the following: 0<η<0.01, 0.01≤η<0.1, 0.1≤η<0.2, 0.2≤η<0.3, 0.3≤η<0.4, 0.4≤η<0.5, 0.5≤η<0.7, 0.7≤η<1, 1≤η<1.5, 1.5≤η<2.0, 2.0≤η<2.5, η>2.5;

[0143] (2) The surface F2 belongs to the surface of one component of the H cavity surface, or the surface of two components, or the surface of two or more components;

[0144] (3) In the surface F2, at least a portion of the surface is the H cavity substrate surface, and / or at least a portion of the surface is the separation layer surface.

[0145] Further,

[0146] the isolator is one of the following: Type 1 isolator, Type 2 isolator, or Type 3 isolator;

[0147] (1) The Type 1 isolator includes at least two components, each component having a certain rigidity and each component having a fixed shape during operation; when the volume of cavity 1 and / or cavity 2 changes, at least two adjacent components undergo relative movement;

[0148] (2) The Type 2 isolator includes a thin layer of material; when the volume of cavity 1 and / or cavity 2 changes, at least one of the following occurs:

[0149] (a) the thin layer of material expands or contracts,

[0150] (b) the thin layer of material bends,

[0151] (c) the surface shape of the thin layer of material changes;

[0152] (3) The type 3 isolation device includes a G1 part and a G2 part; the G1 part includes one or more components, each component having a certain rigidity and a fixed shape; the material of the G2 part includes a thin layer material; when the volume of the cavity 1 and / or the cavity 2 changes, at least one of the following situations occurs,

[0153] (a) when the number of components of the G1 part is greater than or equal to 2, at least two adjacent components move relative to each other;

[0154] (b) the thin layer material of the G2 part expands or contracts;

[0155] (c) the thin layer material of the G2 part bends;

[0156] (d) the shape of the inner surface of the G2 part changes.

[0157] Further,

[0158] the type of the cavity 1 is one of the following nine types: type A1, type A2, type A3, type B1, type B2, type B3, type C1, type C2, type C3.

[0159] Further,

[0160] (1) The type 1 isolation device includes a tube and a piston that can slide in the tube hole, and a sliding seal is required between the tube and the piston; or, Specification 6 / 45 page 16 CN 121552506 A

[0161] (2) The type 1 isolation device includes multiple tubes nested together, and two adjacent tubes can move relative to each other along the axial direction, and a sliding seal is required between the inner surface of the outer tube and the outer surface of the adjacent inner tube; the innermost tube has a sliding piston in its tube hole, or a sealing device connected to the tube wall;

[0162] Preferably, the tube is one of the following: a plastic tube, a thin-walled metal tube, a glass tube, or a ceramic tube;

[0163] Preferably, the material of the main body of the piston is one of the following: plastic, metal, glass, ceramic;

[0164] Preferably, the metal is a structural metal used in structural engineering.

[0165] Further,

[0166] It has the following features I and / or features II:

[0167] (1) Feature I is,

[0168] The type 2 isolation device has the following features,

[0169] (a) On the longitudinal section of the isolation device, at least one section of the inner contour line is serrated or corrugated; and / or,

[0170] (b) In at least one section of the isolation device, the inner contour line of the cross section of the isolation device is gear-shaped, dumbbell-shaped, trefoil-shaped, or quadrilobose;

[0171] (2) Feature II is,

[0172] The type 2 isolation device includes one of the following: a rubber bladder, a thin-walled plastic bottle, a thin-walled metal bottle; the bottle can change shape or collapse under external pressure.

[0173] Further,

[0174] the material of the Type 2 isolation device is thin-walled metal or thin-walled polymer material;

[0175] preferably, the polymer material is selected from rubber or plastic; preferably, the plastic is selected from polyester plastic, polyethylene plastic, polypropylene plastic, polyvinyl chloride, or polyoxymethylene plastic.

[0176] Further,

[0177] the Type 2 isolation device has an axis, the axis having one of the following characteristics,

[0178] (1) the axis includes at least a straight line,

[0179] (2) the axis includes at least a curve,

[0180] (3) the axis includes at least a spiral curve;

[0181] preferably, the Type 2 isolation device includes at least a tube made of a soft material.

[0182] Further,

[0183] the type 3 isolation device has the following features

[0184] (1) the material of the G1 part is one of the following: plastic, thin-walled metal, hard rubber, glass, ceramic; and / or,

[0185] (2) the G2 part is one of the following: a rubber sleeve closed at one end, a plastic sleeve closed at one end, or a heat shrink sleeve closed at one end.

[0186] Further,

[0187] The type 3 isolation device has features I and features II, or has the following features I and features III:

[0188] (1) Feature I is,

[0189] The G1 portion has an internal region, the internal region of the G1 portion is the region surrounded and / or encircled by the G1 portion;

[0190] (2) Feature II is,

[0191] During the process of volume change in the internal region of the isolation device, at least for a certain period of time, the G2 portion is not entirely or mostly located in the internal region of the G1 portion; Specification 7 / 45 pages 17 CN 121552506 A

[0192] (3) Feature III is,

[0193] During the process of volume change in the internal region of the isolation device, at least for a certain period of time, the following characteristic is that all or most of the G2 part is located in the internal region of the G1 part.

[0194] Further,

[0195] It has the following feature I or feature II:

[0196] (I) Feature I is,

[0197] The cavity 1 is a Class A or Class B surface cavity; the Type 3 isolation device has one of the following features,

[0198] (1) Any planar section of the cavity 1 is a simply connected domain;

[0199] (2) At least one planar section S of the pressure transmission device has the following features,

[0200] On the planar section S, the cavity 1 corresponds to a region P with only one region, and region P is a multi-connected domain; the cavity 2 corresponds to a region Q including a region Q1 and a region Q2, wherein region Q1 is a simply connected domain and region Q2 is a multi-connected domain; region P surrounds region Q1, and region Q2 surrounds region P;

[0201] (II) The cavity 1 is a Class C surface cavity; the Type 3 isolation device has one of the following features,

[0202] (1) Any planar section of the cavity 2 is a simply connected domain.

[0203] (2) At least one planar section S1 of the pressure transmission device has the following characteristics:

[0204] On the planar section S1, the cavity 2 corresponds to a region Q with only one region, and region Q is a multi-connected domain; the cavity 1 corresponds to a region P, which includes a region P1 and a region P2, wherein region P1 is a single-connected domain and region P2 is a multi-connected domain; region Q surrounds region P1, and region P2 surrounds region Q.

[0205] Further,

[0206] The type 2 or type 3 isolation device includes a section of pipe, the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe hole can be varied, and both ends of the pipe are fixed to part H;

[0207] A pressure transmission channel communicating with the pipe hole is provided at one end of the pipe hole, or a pressure transmission channel communicating with the pipe hole is provided at both ends of the pipe hole.

[0208] Further,

[0209] A pressure transmission channel is provided at one or both ends of the pipe hole, or a pressurization channel is provided at one or both ends of the pipe hole.

[0210] Further,

[0211] the tube used as an isolation device has an axis, the axis having at least one of the following characteristics:

[0212] (1) the axis includes at least a straight section;

[0213] (2) the axis includes at least a curved section;

[0214] (3) the axis includes at least a spiral curve;

[0215] Preferably, the type 2 isolation device includes at least one section of tube made of a soft material.

[0216] Further,

[0217] the H portion has one of the following characteristics:

[0218] (1) the H portion includes a tube, an upper sealing device, and a lower sealing device; the upper sealing device is located at the end of the tube.The detachable connection and / or the lower sealing device is detachably connected to the end of the pipe; the shape of the H cavity is a cylindrical or frustum-shaped body;

[0219] (2) The H part includes an upper part and a lower part, and there is a connection between the upper part and the lower part; the H cavity includes an upper cavity and a lower cavity, which are located inside the upper part and the lower part of the H part, respectively; the upper cavity is shaped as a hemisphere, a semi-ellipsoid, or a frustum, and the lower cavity is shaped as a hemisphere, a semi-ellipsoid, or a frustum, and the larger end of the upper cavity region intersects with the larger end of the lower cavity region.

[0220] Further,

[0221] there is at least one dual-flow contact surface in the H cavity;

[0222] the dual-flow contact surface has the following characteristics: the media above and below the contact are respectively called the upper medium and the lower medium, and the upper medium and the lower medium are in a flowable state for at least a certain period of time during the operation of the pressure transmission device.

[0223] Further,

[0224] the upper medium and the lower medium of the dual-flow contact surface are immiscible; the immiscibility means having one of the following four characteristics:

[0225] (1) the lower medium includes a liquid, and the upper medium includes a liquid;

[0226] regardless of whether the lower medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, and regardless of whether the upper medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, the liquid in the upper medium does not dissolve in the liquid in the lower medium, and the liquid in the lower medium also does not dissolve in the liquid in the upper medium;

[0227] (2) the lower medium includes a liquid, and the upper medium includes a semi-solid;

[0228] regardless of whether the lower medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, and regardless of whether the upper medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, the semi-solid in the upper medium does not dissolve in the liquid in the lower medium;

[0229] (3) the lower medium includes a semi-solid, and the upper medium includes a liquid;

[0230] Regardless of whether the lower medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, and regardless of whether the upper medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, the semi-solid in the lower medium does not dissolve in the liquid in the upper medium;

[0231] (4) The lower medium is a semi-solid, or a mixture of semi-solid and solid powder and / or solid particles; the upper medium is a semi-solid, or a mixture of semi-solid and solid powder and / or solid particles;

[0232] Under conditions where there is no solid powder or solid particles, if the semi-solid in the lower medium is directly mixed with the semi-solid in the upper medium, the two will separate into layers or form an uneven mixture.

[0233] Further,

[0234] The upper medium and the lower medium of the dual-flow contact surface have compatibility, and the compatibility is Class I compatibility or Class II compatibility;

[0235] (1) The Class I compatibility includes,

[0236] a. Both the upper and lower media are in a flowable state;

[0237] b. The upper and lower media do not react chemically;

[0238] c. The upper and lower media are immiscible;

[0239] d. The lower media has a higher specific gravity than the upper media;

[0240] (2) The Class II adaptability includes,

[0241] a. Both the upper and lower media are in a flowable state;

[0242] b. The upper and lower media are immiscible;

[0243] c. The lower media has a higher specific gravity than the upper media;

[0244] d. The upper and lower media react chemically, but the effect of the chemical reaction has the following two characteristics: (i) Before the pressure transmission device stops working, the reactants of the upper and lower media are near the contact surface, and the distribution range meets the preset requirements; (ii) The reactants do not hinder the downward movement of the upper and lower media. Instruction manual 9 / 45 pages 19 CN 121552506 A

[0245] Further,

[0246] There is only one dual-flow contact surface in the H cavity, the dual-flow contact surface is denoted as S0, the dual-flow contact surface S0 is a type A contact surface or a type B contact surface;

[0247] (1) The type A contact surface has the following characteristics,

[0248] The medium above the contact surface S0 is a pressurizing medium, and the medium below the contact surface S0 is a pressure transmitting medium;

[0249] (2) The type B contact surface has the following characteristics,

[0250] The medium above the contact surface S0 is a pressure transmitting medium, and the medium below the contact surface S0 is a pressurizing medium.

[0251] Further,

[0252] there is only one dual-flow contact surface in the H cavity, the contact surface is a type A contact surface, the pressure transmission medium is a cement-based material, and the pressurizing medium is selected from liquid paraffin, petroleum jelly, and long-term flowable semi-solid polymer sealing material.

[0253] Further,

[0254] There are two dual-flow contact surfaces in the H cavity, namely dual-flow contact surfaces S1 and S2; the dual-flow contact surfaces S1 and S2 have feature C or feature D;

[0255] (1) Feature C is,

[0256] the medium below contact surface S1 is a pressure-transmitting medium, and the medium above contact surface S1 is a flowable isolation material; the medium below contact surface S2 is a flowable isolation material, and the medium above contact surface S2 is a pressurizing medium;

[0257] (2) Feature D is,

[0258] the medium above contact surface S1 is a pressure-transmitting medium, and the medium below contact surface S1 is a flowable isolation material; the medium above contact surface S2 is a flowable isolation material, and the medium below contact surface S2 is a pressurizing medium;

[0259] The flowable isolation material has fluidity.

[0260] Further,

[0261] There are two dual-flow contact surfaces in the H cavity, which have characteristic C; wherein, the pressure transmitting medium is a cement-based material, the flowable isolation material is a semi-solid polymer sealing material or a paste-like polymer sealing material in a flowable state, and the pressurizing medium is water.

[0262] Further,

[0263] There is only one dual-flow contact surface in the H cavity, the lower medium and the upper medium of the contact surface are the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium, respectively, the pressure transmitting medium is selected from liquid, semi-solid, liquid-solid mixture, and semi-solid mixture, and the pressurizing medium is compressed gas.

[0264] Further,

[0265] There are two dual-flow contact surfaces in the H cavity, namely dual-flow contact surfaces S1 and S2; they have the following characteristics:

[0266] The medium below contact surface S1 is a pressure-transmitting medium, and the medium above contact surface S1 is a flowable isolation material, wherein the pressure-transmitting medium and the flowable isolation material have Class I or Class II compatibility;

[0267] The medium below contact surface S2 is a flowable isolation material, and the medium above contact surface S2 is a pressurizing medium;

[0268] The pressure-transmitting medium is selected from liquid, semi-solid, liquid-solid mixture, and semi-solid mixture; the flowable isolation material is selected from liquid, semi-solid, liquid-solid mixture, and semi-solid mixture; and the pressurizing medium is compressed gas.

[0269] Further,

[0270] There is no isolation material in the H cavity. Instruction manual, 10 / 45 pages, 20 CN 121552506 A

[0271] Further,

[0272] An isolation device is provided in cavity H, which divides cavity H into cavity 1 and cavity 2, but the two cavities are connected;

[0273] Cavity 1 has one of the following characteristics,

[0274] (1) The dual-flow contact surface S0 and the medium above and below it are both in cavity 1;

[0275] (2) The dual-flow contact surface S1 and the medium above and below it are both in cavity 1; and / or, the dual-flow contact surface S2 and the medium above and below it are both in cavity 1.

[0276] Further,

[0277] Near the connection between cavity 1 and cavity 2, the medium in cavity 1 and the medium in cavity 2 are both pressurized media.

[0278] Further,

[0279] the isolation device includes a section of pipe, the upper end of which is a connecting channel between cavity 1 and cavity 2; when the pressure transmitting device is in operation, the axis of the pipe is parallel to the direction of gravity, or the included angle is less than 30°.

[0280] Further,

[0281] a barrier device is placed in the section of pipe, the function of which is to reduce the contact area between the medium below the barrier device and the medium above the barrier device; there is a gap between the side of the barrier device and the inner wall of the pipe, and the medium below the barrier device and / or the medium above the barrier device can be squeezed into the gap.

[0282] Further,

[0283] the barrier device is a cylindrical body;

[0284] preferably, the ratio of the gap between the side of the cylindrical body and the inner surface of the tube to the particle size of the largest solid powder or particle entering therein is greater than 1, or greater than 2, or greater than 3.

[0285] Further,

[0286] the barrier device includes a barrier plate and a guide device; the cross-sectional shape of the barrier plate is similar to the cross-section of the pipe hole, and there is a gap between the barrier plate and the inner wall of the pipe in the cross-section;

[0287] Preferably, the guide device includes a guide plate and a connecting device between the guide plate and the barrier plate, the cross-sectional shape of the guide plate is similar to that of the barrier plate, and the distance between the guide plate and the barrier plate is greater than 1.5 times the maximum radial dimension of the pipe;

[0288] Preferably, the guide plate is provided with holes, the length of which is equal to the thickness of the guide plate;

[0289] Preferably, the connecting device between the guide plate and the barrier plate is a connecting column, and the cross-sectional dimension of the connecting column is smaller than the cross-sectional dimension of the barrier plate;

[0290] Preferably, the ratio of the gap between the side of the barrier plate and the inner surface of the pipe to the particle size of the largest solid powder or particle entering it is greater than 1, or greater than 2, or greater than 3.

[0291] 《II》Pressure Transmission Device Kit

[0292] A kit for assembling a pressure transmission device as described in any one of claims 0 to 0, characterized in that it has the following features A and B, or features A and C:

[0293] (I) Feature A is,

[0294] The kit includes at least one of the following three items,

[0295] (1) Each component material of a pressure transmission medium or a pressure transmission medium in an independently packaged package,

[0296] The various components are mixed to form a pressure transmission medium; Specification 11 / 45 pages 21 CN 121552506 A

[0297] (2) Each component material of a pressurizing medium or a pressurizing medium in an independently packaged package,

[0298] The various components are mixed to form a pressurizing medium;

[0299] (3) Each component material of a flowable isolation material or a flowable isolation material in an independently packaged package,

[0300] The various components are mixed to form a flowable isolation material;

[0301] (ii) Feature B is,

[0302] The kit includes a separate H portion, or includes a separate H portion and a separate separator;

[0303] (iii) Feature C is,

[0304] The kit includes,

[0305] (1) a separate HG portion;

[0306] The HG portion includes the following components and / or materials connected together, (a) at least a portion of the components of the H portion, (b) at least a portion of the components and / or at least a portion of the materials of the separator;

[0307] (2) Separate components not included in the HG section in the H section;

[0308] If all components of the H section are connected in the HG section, then there are no components in the H section not included in the HG section;

[0309] (3) Separate components and / or materials not included in the HG section in the separator;

[0310] If all components and / or materials of the separator are connected in the HG section, then there are no components and / or materials in the separator not included in the HG section.

[0311] 《III》Dual-cavity device

[0312] A dual-cavity device, comprising an H portion and an isolator; characterized in that,

[0313] (1) the H portion surrounds a cavity, the surface of the cavity is capable of withstanding pressure, and the H portion is made of a solid material; the cavity is called the H cavity;

[0314] (2) at least a cavity 1 and a cavity 2 having the following characteristics exist in the H cavity:

[0315] (3) there is an isolator between the cavity 1 and the cavity 2, the flowable medium in the cavity 1 cannot enter the cavity 2, and the flowable medium in the cavity 2 cannot enter the cavity 1; the isolator includes an isolator device and / or an isolator material;

[0316] (4) when the volume of the cavity 1 changes, the size and / or shape of the isolator changes; and / or, when the volume of the cavity 2 changes, the size and / or shape of the isolator changes;

[0317] (4) has a channel 1 communicating with the cavity 1.

[0318] Further,

[0319] there is also a channel 2 communicating with the cavity 2.

[0320] Further,

[0321] when the volume of the cavity 2 increases, the volume of the cavity 1 decreases, and / or, when the volume of the cavity 2 decreases, the volume of the cavity 1 increases.

[0322] Further,

[0323] it has one of the following three characteristics:

[0324] (1) the surface of the H cavity is entirely the surface of the H cavity matrix;

[0325] (2) the surface of the H cavity is entirely the surface of the separation layer;

[0326] (3) the surface of the H cavity includes the surface of the separation layer and the part of the H cavity matrix surface not covered by the separation layer;

[0327] wherein,

[0328] the surface of the H cavity matrix is ​​the surface of the inner wall of the H part, and the inner wall material is integral with the H part;

[0329] the separation layer has the following characteristics: (a) the separation layer can prevent the fluid-solid conversion material in the H cavity from directly contacting the surface of the H cavity matrix during the solidification process, so as to prevent the fluid-solid conversion material from bonding with the H part after solidification; (b) the separation layer is conducive to separating the solidified fluid-solid conversion material from the H part.

[0330] Further,

[0331] during at least a certain period of time during the operation of the dual-cavity device, the cavity 1 is one of the following: Class A surface cavityCavity, Class B surface cavity, Class C surface cavity;

[0332] (1) The Class A surface cavity is characterized in that the cavity surface is a Class A surface;

[0333] The Class A surface is characterized in that the entire surface F of the cavity is the surface of the isolation device, excluding any part of the surface of the H cavity;

[0334] (2) The Class B surface cavity is characterized in that the cavity surface is a Class B surface;

[0335] The Class B surface has the following features I and features II,

[0336] (a) Feature I is,

[0337] The surface F of the cavity includes surface F1 and surface F2, surface F1 belongs to the surface of the isolation device, and surface F2 belongs to the surface of the H cavity;

[0338] (b) Feature II is,

[0339] In the surface of the cavity, the area of ​​surface F2 is smaller than the area of ​​surface F1;

[0340] (3) The Class C surface cavity is characterized in that the cavity surface is a Class C surface;

[0341] The Class C surface has the aforementioned feature I and the following feature III;

[0342] The feature III is that, in the surface of the cavity, the area of ​​surface F2 is greater than or equal to the area of ​​surface F1.

[0343] Further,

[0344] the surface F of the cavity 1 includes surface F1 and surface F2, surface F1 belongs to the surface of the isolation device, and surface F2 belongs to the surface of the cavity H;

[0345] the surface F2 has at least one of the following three characteristics,

[0346] (1) at least during a certain period of time in the working process, the ratio η between the area of ​​the surface F2 and the area of ​​the surface F1 is one of the following: 0<η<0.01, 0.01≤η<0.1, 0.1≤η<0.2, 0.2≤η<0.3, 0.3≤η<0.4, 0.4≤η<0.5, 0.5≤η<0.7, 0.7≤η<1, 1≤η<1.5, 1.5≤η<2.0, 2.0≤η<2.5, η>2.5;

[0347] (2) The surface F2 belongs to the surface of one component of the H cavity surface, or the surface of two components, or the surface of two or more components;

[0348] (3) In the surface F2, at least a portion of the surface is the H cavity substrate surface, and / or at least a portion of the surface is the separation layer surface.

[0349] Further,

[0350] The separator is one of the following: Type 1 separator, Type 2 separator, Type 3 separator;

[0351] (1) The Type 1 separator includes at least two components, each component has a certain rigidity, and each component has a fixed shape during operation; when the volume of the cavity 1 and / or cavity 2 changes, at least two adjacent components undergo relative movement;

[0352] (2) The Type 2 separator includes a thin layer of material; when the volume of the cavity 1 and / or cavity 2 changes, the specificationPage 13 / 45 23 CN 121552506 A At least one of the following situations occurs:

[0353] (a) The thin layer material expands or contracts;

[0354] (b) The thin layer material bends;

[0355] (c) The shape of the inner surface of the thin layer material changes;

[0356] (3) The type 3 isolation device includes a G1 part and a G2 part; the G1 part includes one or more components, each component having a certain rigidity and a fixed shape; the material of the G2 part includes a thin layer material; when the volume of the cavity 1 and / or the cavity 2 changes, at least one of the following situations occurs:

[0357] (a) When the number of components of the G1 part is greater than or equal to 2, at least two adjacent components move relative to each other;

[0358] (b) The thin layer material of the G2 part expands or contracts;

[0359] (c) The thin layer material of the G2 part bends;

[0360] (d) The shape of the inner surface of the G2 part changes.

[0361] Further,

[0362] the cavity 1 and the channel 1 are respectively a pressure-transmitting cavity and a pressure-transmitting channel, which are filled with a pressure-transmitting medium; the cavity 2 and the channel 2 are respectively a pressurizing cavity and a pressurizing channel, which are filled with a pressurizing medium.

[0363] Further,

[0364] the pressure-transmitting medium is a fluid-solid conversion material, and the pressurizing medium is a long-term flowable material or a fluid-solid conversion material;

[0365] the long-term flowable material is characterized in that the material maintains fluidity throughout its service life;

[0366] the fluid-solid conversion material is characterized in that the material can change from a flowable state to a solid state;

[0367] the end time of the flowable state of the fluid-solid conversion material used as the pressurizing medium is later than the end time of the flowable state of the fluid-solid conversion material used as the pressure-transmitting medium.

[0368] 4. Pressurization Method

[0369] A method for applying pressure to a medium in a closed cavity using a pressure transmitting device, characterized in that:

[0370] (a) the pressure transmitting device is as described in any one of claims 0 to 0; at least one of the following is present in the closed cavity: a flowable medium, a solid medium, or a fluid-solid conversion medium; the fluid-solid conversion medium is a fluid-solid conversion material;

[0371] (b) the method includes the following steps:

[0372] (P1) directly connecting the pressure transmitting channel of the pressure transmitting device to the closed cavity, or connecting it to the closed cavity through a pressure transmitting pipeline;

[0373] (P2) applying pressure to the pressurized medium using a self-expanding device in the pressure transmitting device, or applying pressure to the pressurized medium in the pressure transmitting device using a pressurizing device.

[0374] Further,

[0375] before starting step (P2), the pressure transmitting channel, or the pressure transmitting channel and the pressure transmitting pipeline, are already filled with a pressure transmitting medium; and / or,

[0376] Before starting step (P2), the pressurization channel, or the pressurization channel and pressurization pipeline, have been filled with pressurization medium.

[0377] Further,

[0378] the closed cavity is cavity A of the combined structural component;

[0379] the component includes part A surrounding the cavity and part B existing in the cavity, the cavity being called cavity A; part A is solid, and the surface of cavity A can withstand pressure; the material of part B is a fluid-solid conversion material. Instruction manual, pages 14 / 45, 24 CN 121552506 A

[0380] Further,

[0381] There exists at least one time period corresponding to the component and the pressure transmitting device, the time period having one of the following characteristics I to V:

[0382] (1) Characteristic I is,

[0383] the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state;

[0384] the material in part B of cavity A of the component is in a flowable state, and compressive stress exists inside part B;

[0385] (2) Characteristic I is,

[0386] the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state;

[0387] the material in part B of cavity A of the component is in the solidification process, and compressive stress exists inside part B;

[0388] (3) Characteristic III is,

[0389] the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state;

[0390] In the A cavity of the component, the material of part B is in a solid state, and there is compressive stress inside part B;

[0391] (4) The feature IV is,

[0392] the pressurizing medium is in a flowable state;

[0393] In the A cavity of the component, the material of part B is in a solid state, and there is compressive stress inside part B;

[0394] In the A cavity of the component, the pressure transmitting medium is in the solidification process, and there is compressive stress inside the pressure transmitting medium;

[0395] (5) The feature V is,

[0396] the pressurizing medium is in a flowable state;

[0397] both the material of part B and the pressure transmitting medium are in a solid state;

[0398] In the A cavity of the component, there is compressive stress inside part B and inside the pressure transmitting medium.

[0399] 《V》 Method for manufacturing a pressure transmitting device

[0400] A method for manufacturing a pressure transmitting device, characterized in that the device is as described in any one of claims 0 to 0.

[0401] Method for Manufacturing a Single-Cavity Pressure Transmission Device (VI)

[0402] A method for manufacturing a single-cavity pressure transmission device, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0403] (S1) Obtaining an H portion, wherein the H portion surrounds a cavity, the surface of the cavity is capable of withstanding pressure, and the H portion is made of a solid material; the cavity is referred to as the H cavity;

[0404] (S2) Filling the H cavity with a pressure transmission medium;

[0405] (S3) Filling the H cavity with a pressurizing medium;

[0406] Wherein,

[0407] The H portion has a pressure transmission channel, which is connected to the area where the pressure transmission medium is located in the H cavity; the H portion has a pressurization channel, which is connected to the area where the pressurization medium is located in the H cavity;

[0408] The order of the steps (S2) and (S3) can be changed.

[0409] Further,

[0410] There is a contact surface between the pressure transmission medium and the pressurization medium, and it has the following characteristics:

[0411] (1) The specific gravity of the pressure transmission medium is greater than that of the pressurization medium, the pressure transmission medium is below the contact surface, and the pressurization medium is above the contact surface;

[0412] Or,

[0413] (2) The specific gravity of the pressurization medium is greater than that of the pressure transmission medium, the pressurization medium is below the contact surface, and the pressure transmission medium is above the contact surface. Instruction manual 15 / 45 pages 25 CN 121552506 A

[0414] Further,

[0415] the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are compatible.

[0416] Further,

[0417] it has the following features A and B, or has the following features A and C:

[0418] (1) Feature A is,

[0419] a flowable isolation material is also present in the H cavity, the flowable isolation material is located between the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium;

[0420] (2) Feature B is,

[0421] the specific gravity of the pressure transmitting medium is greater than that of the flowable isolation material, the specific gravity of the flowable isolation material is greater than that of the pressurizing medium; the pressure transmitting medium is located below the flowable isolation material, and the pressurizing medium is located above the flowable isolation material;

[0422] (3) Feature C is,

[0423] the specific gravity of the pressurizing medium is greater than that of the flowable isolation material, the specific gravity of the flowable isolation material is greater than that of the pressure transmitting medium; the pressurizing medium is located below the flowable isolation material, and the pressure transmitting medium is located above the flowable isolation material.

[0424] Further,

[0425] the pressure-transmitting medium is compatible with the flowable isolation material, and the flowable isolation material is compatible with the pressurizing medium.

[0426] Further,

[0427] when the method has feature B, the following A sequence steps are adopted; when the method has feature C, the B sequence steps are adopted:

[0428] (I) The A sequence steps are,

[0429] (1) Execute step (S2), fill the H cavity with the pressure-transmitting medium;

[0430] (2) Fill the pressure-transmitting medium with a certain thickness of flowable isolation material above the pressure-transmitting medium;

[0431] (3) Execute step (S3), fill the H cavity with the pressurizing medium;

[0432] (II) The B sequence steps are,

[0433] (1) Perform step (S3) to fill the H cavity with pressurized medium;

[0434] (2) Fill a certain thickness of flowable insulating material above the pressurized medium;

[0435] (3) Perform step (S2) to fill the H cavity with pressure transmission medium.

[0436] Method for manufacturing a dual-cavity pressure transmission device

[0437] The method for manufacturing a dual-cavity pressure transmission device is selected from the following methods I to III:

[0438] (I) Method I includes the following steps:

[0439] (1) Obtaining part H and the separator;

[0440] (2) Assembling the components of part H and the separator together;

[0441] After assembly, cavity 1 and cavity 2 exist in cavity H;

[0442] (3) Filling cavity 1 in cavity H with a pressure transmission medium;

[0443] (4) Filling cavity 2 in cavity H with a pressurizing medium;

[0444] (II) Method II includes the following steps:

[0445] (1) Obtaining part H and the separator; Specification 16 / 45 pages 26 CN 121552506 A

[0446] (2) Connect some components of part H to at least some components and / or at least some of the insulating material in the separator to form intermediate component 1, said intermediate component 1 containing cavity 1;

[0447] (3) Fill said cavity 1 with a pressure-transmitting medium;

[0448] (4) Connect intermediate component 1 to the remaining components of part H and / or the remaining separator;

[0449] After assembly, cavity 1 and cavity 2 exist in cavity H; when cavity 1 changes volume, the separator changes size and / or shape; when cavity 2 changes volume, the separator changes size and / or shape;

[0450] (5) Fill cavity 2 with a pressurizing medium;

[0451] (III) Method III includes the following steps:

[0452] (1) Obtain part H and separator;

[0453] (2) Connect some components of part H to at least some components and / or at least some of the isolation materials in the isolation to form an intermediate component 2, the intermediate component 2 containing a cavity 2;

[0454] (3) Fill the cavity 2 with a pressurizing medium;

[0455] (4) Connect the intermediate component 2 to the remaining components of part H and / or the remaining isolation materials;

[0456] After assembly, there are cavities 1 and 2 in the H cavity; when the volume of cavity 1 changes, the isolation material changes in size and / or shape; when the volume of cavity 2 changes, the isolation material changes in size and / or shape;

[0457] (5) Fill the cavity 1 with a pressure-transmitting medium.

[0458] (iv) Wherein,

[0459] the flowable medium in cavity 1 cannot enter the cavity 2, the flowable medium in cavity 2It is also not allowed to enter the cavity 1;

[0460] The isolator is a solid, including an isolation device and / or an isolation material;

[0461] In the manufactured dual-cavity pressure transmission device, there is a pressure transmission channel communicating with the cavity 1 and a pressurization channel communicating with the cavity 2.

[0462] Further,

[0463] During at least a certain period of time during the operation of the pressure transmitting device, the cavity 1 is one of the following: a Class A surface cavity, a Class B surface cavity, or a Class C surface cavity;

[0464] (1) The Class A surface cavity is characterized in that the cavity surface is a Class A surface;

[0465] The Class A surface is characterized in that the entire surface F of the cavity is the surface of the isolation device, excluding any part of the surface of the H cavity;

[0466] (2) The Class B surface cavity is characterized in that the cavity surface is a Class B surface;

[0467] The Class B surface has the following features I and features II,

[0468] (a) Feature I is,

[0469] The surface F of the cavity includes surface F1 and surface F2, surface F1 belongs to the surface of the isolation device, and surface F2 belongs to the surface of the H cavity;

[0470] (b) Feature II is,

[0471] In the surface of the cavity, the area of ​​surface F2 is smaller than the area of ​​surface F1;

[0472] (3) The characteristic of the Class C surface cavity is that the cavity surface is a Class C surface;

[0473] The Class C surface has the aforementioned characteristic I and the following characteristic III; Specification 17 / 45 pages 27 CN 121552506 A

[0474] The characteristic III is that, in the surface of the cavity, the area of ​​surface F2 is greater than or equal to the area of ​​surface F1.

[0475] Further,

[0476] The surface F of the cavity 1 includes surface F1 and surface F2, surface F1 belongs to the surface of the isolation device, and surface F2 belongs to the surface of the H cavity;

[0477] The surface F2 has at least one of the following three characteristics: (1) At least during a certain period of time in the working process, the ratio η between the area of ​​the surface F2 and the area of ​​the surface F1 is one of the following: 0<η<0.01, 0.01≤η<0.1, 0.1≤η<0.2, 0.2≤η<0.3, 0.3≤η<0.4, 0.4≤η<0.5, 0.5≤η<0.7, 0.7≤η<1, 1≤η<1.5, 1.5≤η<2.0, 2.0≤η<2.5, η>2.5;

[0478] (2) The surface F2 belongs to the surface of one component of the H cavity surface, or the surface of two components, or the surface of two or more components;

[0479] (3) In the surface F2, at least a portion of the surface is the surface of the H-cavity substrate, and / or at least a portion of the surface is the surface of the separation layer.

[0480] Further,

[0481] The isolation device is one of the following: Type 1 isolation device, Type 2 isolation device, or Type 3 isolation device;

[0482] (1) The Type 1 isolation device includes at least two components, each component having a certain rigidity and each component having a fixed shape during operation; when the volume of the cavity 1 and / or cavity 2 changes, at least two adjacent components undergo relative movement;

[0483] (2) The Type 2 isolation device includes a thin layer material; when the volume of the cavity 1 and / or cavity 2 changes, at least one of the following occurs:

[0484] (a) the thin layer material expands or contracts,

[0485] (b) the thin layer material bends,

[0486] (c) the shape of the inner surface of the thin layer material changes;

[0487] (3) The Type 3 isolation device includes a G1 part and a G2 part; the G1 part includes one or more components, each component having a certain rigidity and a fixed shape; the G2 part is made of a thin layer material; when the volume of the cavity 1 and / or cavity 2 changes, at least two adjacent components undergo relative movement;

[0484] (a) the thin layer material expands or contracts,

[0485] (b) the thin layer material bends,

[0486] (c) the shape of the inner surface of the thin layer material changes;

[0487] (3) The Type 3 isolation device includes a G1 part and a G2 part; the G1 part includes one or more components, each component having a certain rigidity and a fixed shape; the G2 part is made of a thin layer material; when the volume of the cavity 1 and / or cavity 2 changes, at least one of the following occurs:

[0484] (a) the thin layer material expands or contracts,

[0485] (b) the thin layer material bends,

[0486] (c) the shape of the inner surface of the thin layer material changes;

[0487] (3) The Type 3 isolation device includes a G1 part and a G2 part; the G1 part includes one or more components When the volume of cavity 2 changes, at least one of the following situations occurs:

[0488] (a) When the number of components in the G1 part is greater than or equal to 2, at least two adjacent components move relative to each other;

[0489] (b) The thin layer material of the G2 part expands or contracts;

[0490] (c) The thin layer material of the G2 part bends;

[0491] (d) The shape of the inner surface of the G2 part changes.

[0492] III. Technical Effects

[0493] The technical effects of the present invention are:

[0494] (1) The use of the pressure transmission device can avoid the fluid-solid conversion material from contacting the pressurizing equipment. The pressurizing equipment and the pressurizing material used therein can be selected within a very wide range as needed. It avoids cleaning the pressurizing equipment and saves production costs; it avoids the fluid-solid conversion material from solidifying in the pressurizing equipment; and it allows the use of inexpensive and universal pressurizing equipment.

[0495] (2) The cost of the entire pressure transmission device of the present invention is very low, or the cost of disposable components in the pressure transmission device is very low.

[0496] Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the component;

[0497] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the component corresponding to Figure 1;

[0498] Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the Type 1 isolation device dividing a Class A surface cavity in the H cavity, which is filled with material 22;

[0499] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to Figure 3;

[0500] Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the Type 2 isolation device (bag) dividing a Class A surface cavity in the H cavity, which is filled with material 22;

[0501] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the Type 2 isolation device (corrugated pipe) dividing a Class A surface cavity in the H cavity, which is filled with material 22;

[0502] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the Type 2 isolation device (hose) dividing a Class A surface cavity in the H cavity, which is filled with material 22.Longitudinal sectional view;

[0503] Figure 8: Type 2 isolation device (tube) divides the H cavity into a Class A surface cavity, which is filled with material 22, longitudinal sectional view;

[0504] Figure 9: Type 3 isolation device (tube + bladder) divides the H cavity into a Class B surface cavity, which is filled with material 22, longitudinal sectional view;

[0505] Figure 10: Cross-sectional view corresponding to Figure 9;

[0506] Figure 11: Cross-sectional view corresponding to Figure 9;

[0507] Figure 12: Type 3 isolation device (tube + bladder) divides the H cavity into a Class A surface cavity, which is filled with material 22, longitudinal sectional view;

[0508] Figure 13: Longitudinal sectional view of the component;

[0509] Figure 14: Type 2 isolation device (bladder) divides the H cavity into a Class B surface cavity, which is filled with material 22, longitudinal sectional view;

[0510] Figure 15: A type 1 isolation device (piston + rigid tube) divides a Class C surface cavity in cavity H, which is filled with material 22, longitudinal section view;

[0511]

[0512] Figure 16 A type 2 isolation device (bladder) divides a Class C surface cavity in cavity H, which is filled with material 22, longitudinal section view;

[0513] Figure 17 A type 2 isolation device (rubber membrane) divides a Class C surface cavity in cavity H, which is filled with material 22, longitudinal section view;

[0514] Figure 18 A type 2 isolation device (bladder) divides a Class C surface cavity in cavity H, which is filled with material 22, longitudinal section view;

[0515] Figure 19 A cross section view corresponds to Figure 18;

[0516] Figure 20 A cross section view corresponds to Figure 18;

[0517] Figure 21 An ellipsoidal incomplete isolation pressure transmission device includes two connected cavities, and pressure transmission medium 22 exists in cavity 1. Pressurized medium 21 and its contact surface;

[0518]

[0519] Figure 22 Incomplete isolation pressure transmission device includes two connected cavities, in which pressure transmission medium 22, flowable isolation material 201, cylindrical barrier device 2012, and pressurized medium 2 are present; longitudinal section view;

[0520]

[0521] Figure 23 Cross section view corresponds to Figure 22; Specification 19 / 45 pages 29 CN 121552506 A

[0522] Figure 24 Cross section view corresponds to Figure 22;

[0523] Figure 25 Unisolated pressure transmission device has only one cavity, in which pressure transmission medium 22, wheel pair barrier device, and pressurized medium 21 are present; longitudinal section view;

[0524]

[0525] Figure 26 Several cross-sectional shapes of pipe with variable orifice area. Detailed Implementation

[0526] Terminology Definition

[0527] Flowability

[0528] A material having flowability means that: (a) the material has property I; or, (b) it has property I and also has property II and / or property III.

[0529] (1) Property I is,

[0530] aa. The material has extremely low yield strength. When the shear stress on the material is greater than the yield strength, the material will continuously undergo shear deformation;

[0531] b. The change in hydrostatic pressure on the material hardly causes a change in the yield strength and / or viscosity of the material, or the change amplitude is within a preset range;

[0532] (2) The characteristic II is,

[0533] During the continuous shear deformation process, after the material has undergone shear deformation for a period of time, the viscosity of the material hardly changes with the increase of shear deformation, or the change amplitude is within a preset range;

[0534] (3) The characteristic III is,

[0535] There is a time length T0 with the following characteristics. After the material has undergone shear deformation for a period of time, if the time length of the material is left to stand exceeds T0, the yield strength and viscosity of the material are similar to those before the shear deformation.

[0536] The fluidity of liquids or the fluidity of semi-solid materials are included in the above fluidity.

[0537] In the above-mentioned fluid material, the yield strength is 0, or less than 0.001 MPa, or less than 0.005 MPa, or less than 0.01 MPa, or less than 0.05 MPa, or less than 0.1 MPa, or less than 0.5 MPa, or less than 1 MPa, or less than 5 MPa. When the yield strength is 0, the material is a fluid.

[0538] Fluidity of fluid-solid conversion material

[0539] When the fluid-solid conversion material is fluid, the material has at least one of the following properties.

[0540] (1) The material does not possess static shear strength, or has almost no static shear strength, regardless of whether it is subjected to hydrostatic pressure; the almost lack of static shear strength means that the static shear strength at the time of application is very small compared to the final static shear strength of the solidifiable material, only one ten-thousandth to one ten-thousandth of the final strength;

[0541] (2) The material does not possess static uniaxial compressive strength, or has almost no static uniaxial compressive strength; the almost lack of static compressive strength means that the static compressive strength at the time of application is very small compared to the final static compressive strength of the solidifiable material, only one ten-thousandth to one ten-thousandth of the final strength;

[0542] (3) Continuous deformation occurs when subjected to any very small shear force; the very small shear force means that at the time the shear force is applied, the shear force is only one ten-thousandth to one ten-thousandth of the final static shear strength of the solidifiable material.

[0543] (4) The shear deformation that occurs in the fluid stage of the material does not affect the long-term strength of the material after solidification, or the degree of influence is within the required range.

[0544] The degree of influence being within the required range means that the shear deformation of the material in the fluid stage does not affect the long-term strength of the material after solidification.The relative value causing the change in long-term strength of the material is less than 5%, or less than 10%, or less than 20%.

[0545] The formula for calculating the relative value of the change in long-term strength of the material is |f1-f0| / f0, where f0 is the long-term strength of the control group and f1 is the long-term strength of the experimental group. Compared with the control group, the experimental group experienced a longer period of shear deformation history in the stage of fluidity.

[0546] Flowable state

[0547] The meaning of flowable state is: when the material is in a flowable state, the material has fluidity.

[0548] Flowable material, flowable medium

[0549] A material with fluidity is called a flowable material. A medium with fluidity is called a flowable medium.

[0550] The selection range of the flowable material includes gaseous materials, liquid materials, and semi-solid materials. Preferably, the selection range of the flowable material includes liquid-solid mixtures and semi-solid mixtures.

[0551] The liquid-solid mixture is a mixture of liquid and solid particles and / or solid powder.

[0552] The semi-solid mixture is a mixture of a semi-solid and solid particles and / or solid powder.

[0553] Fluid-solid conversion material

[0554] A fluid-solid conversion material is characterized in that it can change from a flowable state to a solid state.

[0555] When in a solid state, the material has at least one of the following characteristics: (1) shear strength, (2) uniaxial compressive strength, (3) uniaxial tensile strength.

[0556] Semi-solid

[0557] The semi-solid is a viscoplastic material with a very low yield stress. When in a suitable shape and volume, it can support its own weight and maintain a relatively stable shape; when the shear stress it bears exceeds its yield stress, shear deformation occurs.

[0558] Common semi-solid materials include petroleum jelly, grease, toothpaste, and non-curing sealant.

[0559] Preferably, the shear deformation experienced by the semi-solid material does not affect its long-term properties. Preferably, there is a time length T0 corresponding to the semi-solid material. If the semi-solid material undergoes shear deformation and is then left to stand for a time T0, the mechanical properties of the semi-solid material are similar to or the same as those before shear deformation. Preferably, the semi-solid has thixotropy.

[0560] Preferably, if the semi-solid material is a fluid-solid conversion material, the shear deformation it undergoes in the flowable state does not affect its long-term strength, or the degree of influence on the long-term strength is within the required range.

[0561] Volume shrinkage at the inflection point

[0562] The newly mixed fluid-solid conversion material is placed in a closed environment and allowed to undergo two stages: (1) In the first stage, the pressure and temperature experienced by the material are allowed to change; (2) In the second stage, the temperature and pressure are kept constant, and its volumetric strain versus time curve is recorded.

[0563] In the second stage, if there is a point in the volumetric strain versus time curve with the following characteristics, then theThe point is the contraction inflection point. The characteristic of this point is that the curvature of the curve near this point is the largest, and the volumetric strain rate after this point is much lower than the average volumetric strain rate in the second stage before this point, only a fraction of the previous rate, or even lower.

[0564] Thin-layer material

[0565] Thin-layer material is a material with a relatively thin thickness, characterized by very small bending stiffness.

[0566] Specification of retarded polymer material 21 / 45 pages 31 CN 121552506 A

[0567] The characteristic of retarded polymer material is that its fluidity time is much longer than that of ordinary polymer material.

[0568] Preferably, the time length of the retarded polymer material is 12-24h, or 24-48h, or 48-72h, or 72-96h, or 96-120h, or 120-144h, or 144-168h, or greater than 168h.

[0569] Multiple

[0570] "Multiple" means two or more.

[0571] Cavity surface

[0572] The cavity surface is the boundary surface of the spatial region where the cavity is located. When the cavity is filled with liquid, the cavity surface is the liquid boundary surface.

[0573] Simply connected region, multiple connected region

[0574] A region G on a plane, if any simple closed curve is drawn in it, and the interior of the closed curve always belongs to G, is called a simply connected region. A region that is not a simply connected region is called a multiple connected region.

[0575] 《1》Pressure Transmission Device

[0576] 《1.1.》Application Background and Basic Idea

[0577] The composite structural component includes part A and part B. Part A is solid and surrounds a closed cavity, which is called cavity A. Part B is a fluid-solid conversion material and is located in cavity A. During the filling process of cavity A and for a period of time after filling, the material of part B is in a flowable state; after a suitable time period, the material of part B becomes solid.

[0578] The pre-compression method is a new method for manufacturing composite structural components. This method requires that the material of part B is under pressure during the flowable stage, during the solidification process, and after solidification. The pressure transmission device of the present invention is suitable for use in the pre-compression method.

[0579] A pressure transmission device is set between the pressurizing equipment and cavity A of the component. The connecting pipeline between the pressure transmission device and cavity A of the component is called the pressure transmission pipeline, and the filling material is called the pressure transmission medium, which is a fluid-solid conversion material. The connecting pipeline between the pressure transmitting device and the pressurizing equipment is called the pressurizing pipeline, and the material filled in it is called the pressurizing medium. The pressurizing medium is a long-term flowable material; or it is also a fluid-solid transition material, but its flowability ends later than that of the pressure transmitting medium.

[0580] When both the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state, the pressurizing equipment applies pressure to the pressurizing medium in the pressurizing pipeline, and the pressure transmitting device transmits the pressure in the pressurizing pipeline to the pressure transmitting medium in the pressure transmitting pipeline, which then transmits the pressure to the material in part B of cavity A of the component. At the beginning of pressurization or after a period of time, pressure transmitting medium exists in cavity A of the component, in the pressure transmitting pipeline, and in the pressure transmitting device.

[0581] Under the continuous pressure of the pressurizing medium, the pressure transmitting medium in cavity A of the component, in the pressure transmitting pipeline, and in the pressure transmitting device are all subjected to pressure. These pressure transmitting media undergo a flowable state stage and a solidification process under pressure. Although the pressure transmitting medium cannot flow after solidification, there is still compressive stress in these pressure transmitting media because the solidification process was completed under pressure.

[0582] Since the pressure transmitting device prevents the pressure transmitting medium from contacting the pressurizing equipment, the solidification of the pressure transmitting medium does not affect the repeated use of the pressurizing equipment.

[0583] The pressure transmitting device has many other applications for applying pressure to the medium in a closed cavity, which will not be listed here.

[0584] The technical effects to be achieved by the pressure transmitting device are: (1) to prevent the pressure transmitting medium from contacting the pressurizing equipment and from solidifying in the pressurizing equipment instruction manual, page 22 / 45, 32 CN 121552506 A; (2) to ensure that the pressure transmitting medium, after solidification, only contacts some inexpensive and replaceable parts in the pressure transmitting device, and to ensure that the high-cost parts in the pressure transmitting device can be reused as much as possible.

[0585] 《1.2.》Pressure Transmission Device

[0586] A pressure transmission device includes an H section, a pressure transmission medium, and a pressurizing medium, and has the following characteristics:

[0587] (1) The H section surrounds a cavity, the surface of which can withstand pressure, and the H section is made of a solid material; the cavity is called the H cavity;

[0588] (2) The pressure transmission medium and the pressurizing medium are located in the H cavity;

[0589] (3) The pressure transmission medium is a fluid-solid conversion material, and the pressurizing medium is a long-term flowable material or a fluid-solid conversion material;

[0590] The long-term flowable material is characterized in that the material has fluidity throughout its service life;

[0591] The fluid-solid conversion material is characterized in that the material can change from a flowable state to a solid state;

[0592] The end time of the flowable state of the fluid-solid conversion material used as the pressurizing medium is later than the end time of the flowable state of the fluid-solid conversion material used as the pressure transmission medium;

[0593] (4) The pressure transmitting device is provided with a pressure transmitting channel, which is connected to the area where the pressure transmitting medium is located in the H cavity.

[0594] Preferably, during the operation of the pressure transmitting device, there is at least one time period with the following characteristics:

[0595] a. During this time period, both the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state;

[0596] b. During this time period, when the volume of the pressurizing medium increases, the pressure transmitting medium increases its own pressure, or / and a portion of the pressure transmitting medium flows out of the H cavity through the pressure transmitting channel.

[0597] Preferably, during the operation of the pressure transmitting device, there is at least one time period in which the pressure transmitting device has one of the following three characteristics:

[0598] (1) Both the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state; there is compressive stress inside both the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium;

[0599] (2) The pressure transmitting medium is in the solidification process, and the pressurizing medium is in a flowable state; there is compressive stress inside both the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium;

[0600] (3) The pressure transmitting medium is in a solid state, and the pressurizing medium is in a flowable state; there is compressive stress inside both the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium.

[0601] Preferably, during the process of filling the H cavity with the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium, the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state. Preferably, the pressure-transmitting medium is first in a flowable state and then in a solid state; preferably, once the material becomes solid, it does not return to a flowable state.

[0602] Preferably, the H portion has a fixed shape and bending stiffness; preferably, the material of the H portion is selected from steel, aluminum alloy, layered composite material, or fiber-reinforced composite material.

[0603] Preferably, when there is no flowable medium in the H cavity under hydrostatic pressure, the H portion is prone to bending or collapse; preferably, the material of the H portion is a flexible material; preferably, the flexible material includes flexible polymer material; preferably, the flexible polymer material includes a composite material composed of rubber and fiber.

[0604] Preferably, the pressure-transmitting device is used to apply pre-pressure to the combined structural component manufactured by the pre-pressure method. The component includes part A and part B. Part A surrounds a closed cavity, which is called cavity A; part B is a fluid-solid conversion material. Preferably, pressure is applied to the fluid-solid conversion material in the cavity of the component at least during the stage when the fluid-solid conversion material in cavity A of the component is in a flowable state and during the solidification process. Preferably, the pressure transmission device is directly connected to part A of the component, and the pressure transmission channel on the pressure transmission device is in communication with cavity A of the component; preferably, the pressure transmission device is connected to the component through a pressure transmission pipeline, and the pressure transmission channel is in communication with cavity A of the component. Preferably, the fluid-solid conversion material in the component is a cement-based material.

[0605] Preferably, the pressurized medium remains fluid until the strength of the pressure transmission medium after solidification reaches a preset strength value.

[0606] Preferably, the preset strength value of the pressure transmission medium meets the following requirements: when directly connected to part A of the componentAfter the pressure transmitting device is removed, or after the pressure transmitting pipeline connecting the component and the pressure transmitting device is removed or cut off, the redistribution of the stress field in the solidified fluid-solid conversion material in the component cavity has an impact on the long-term strength of the fluid-solid conversion material in the component cavity within the required range, and has an impact on the long-term stress field distribution and the magnitude of the long-term compressive stress of the solidified fluid-solid conversion material in the component cavity within the required range.

[0607] Preferably, the ratio λ of the preset strength value to the long-term strength of the material is: 0.1 < λ ≤ 0.3, or 0.3 < λ ≤ 0.5, or 0.5 < λ ≤ 0.7, or λ > 0.7.

[0608] Preferably, a pressurization channel is also provided in the H part, and the pressurization channel is connected to the H cavity; preferably, the pressurization channel is connected to the area where the pressurization medium is located in the H cavity. Preferably, the pressure transmitting device is directly connected to the pressure source, the pressurization channel is connected to the pressure source, and the pressurization channel is filled with a pressurization medium. Preferably, the pressure transmitting device is connected to a pressure source via a pressurizing pipeline, the pressurizing pipeline being connected to a pressurizing channel, and a pressurizing medium is filled in the pipe hole of the pressurizing pipeline and the pressurizing channel. The pressure source is capable of changing and / or maintaining the pressure of the pressurizing medium in the pipeline connected to it. Preferably, the pressure source is one of the following: a hydraulic pump, an air pump, an air storage cylinder, or a hydraulic accumulator.

[0609] 《1.3.》H Cavity Surface, Separation Layer

[0610] 《1.3.1.》H Cavity Matrix Surface and Separation Layer

[0611] The H cavity matrix surface is the surface of the inner wall of the H portion; wherein the inner wall material is integral with the H portion. If the H cavity is filled with liquid, the liquid is in contact with the H cavity matrix surface.

[0612] Preferably, at least a portion of the H cavity matrix surface is covered with a separation layer. The separation layer has the following characteristics: (1) The separation layer can prevent the fluid-solid conversion material in the H cavity from directly contacting the surface of the H cavity matrix during the solidification process, so as to prevent the fluid-solid conversion material from sticking together with the H part after solidification; (2) The separation layer is conducive to separating the solidified fluid-solid conversion material from the H part.

[0613] When a separation layer covers a certain area or the entire surface of the H cavity matrix, if the H cavity is filled with liquid, the liquid will contact the surface of the separation layer, and the contact surface between the liquid and the separation layer is the surface of the H cavity separation layer.

[0614] Types of Separation Layers

[0615] The selection range of separation layers includes Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type IV separation layers.

[0616] (1) Type I Separation Layer

[0617] The characteristics of the Type I separation layer are: the pressure transmitting medium solidifies under conditions of direct contact with the surface of the separation layer; the adhesion between the pressure transmitting medium and the separation layer is very low or almost zero; when the solidified pressure transmitting medium is separated from the H part, it separates at the contact surface between the pressure transmitting medium and the separation layer.

[0618] The material of the Type I separation layer must be compatible with the pressure-transmitting medium. Since the adhesion between the polymer material and the cement-based material is very low, the preferred separation layer material when the pressure-transmitting medium is a cement-based material is a polymer material. The polymer material is attached to the surface of the H cavity substrate, and the thin layer formed is the separation layer.

[0619] Preferably, the polymer material is one of the following: polytetrafluoroethylene, curable epoxy resin, rubber, polyurethane.

[0620] (2) Type II separation layer

[0621] The Type II separation layer is characterized by: the separation layer is attached to the surface of the H cavity substrate, but the adhesion between the two is low; the pressure-transmitting medium solidifies under conditions of direct contact with the surface of the separation layer; when the solidified pressure-transmitting medium is separated from the H part, the separation layer separates at the surface of the H cavity substrate.

[0622] Preferably, the separation layer is a flexible layered material bonded to the surface of the H cavity with a low-strength adhesive; preferably, the flexible layered material is a plastic sheet.

[0623] When the pressure transmitting medium contains a polymer adhesive, the pressure transmitting medium will bond together with the separation layer material after solidification, and this solution is suitable in this case.

[0624] (3) Type III Separation Layer

[0625] The characteristics of the Type III separation layer are: the pressure transmitting medium solidifies under conditions of direct contact with the surface of the separation layer; the separation layer material has low tensile strength along the thickness direction or very low shear strength along the length direction; when the solidified pressure transmitting medium is separated from the H part, it is separated inside the separation layer.

[0626] Preferably, the separation layer is a multi-layered flexible layered material bonded to the surface of the H cavity substrate, and the flexible layered materials are bonded together with a low-strength adhesive. When the solidified pressure transmitting medium is separated from the H part, it is separated between two adjacent flexible layered materials.

[0627] Preferably, the separation layer material is a low-strength solid material that is in a flowable state when it is first attached to the surface of the H cavity.

[0628] (4) Type IV Separation Layer

[0629] Both Type I and Type II separation layers are very thin, and the surface shape of the separation layer is similar to the surface shape of the H cavity substrate. There are tiny bumps and depressions on the surface of the H cavity, and the surface of the H cavity substrate will also change shape when it is compressed. If a Type I or Type II separation layer is attached to the surface of the H cavity substrate, the surface shape of the pressure-transmitting medium will be similar to the surface shape of the H cavity substrate after solidification. When the solidified pressure-transmitting medium moves parallel to the surface of the H cavity substrate, the protrusions of the H cavity substrate are exactly at the depressions on the surface of the solidified pressure-transmitting medium, and this bump-and-dip interlocking will prevent the pressure-transmitting medium from sliding.

[0630] The Type IV separation layer includes one or more deformable layers, the deformable layers including elastic layers and / or low shear layers;The elastic layer has a certain thickness and can undergo elastic deformation along the thickness direction; the low shear layer has a certain thickness and can undergo shear deformation under low shear stress. The separation layer is attached to the surface of the H-cavity substrate and can slide between the separation layer and the surface of the H-cavity substrate; preferably, the separation layer is locally damaged during the sliding process; preferably, the separation layer is completely damaged during the sliding process; preferably, the separation layer remains intact during the sliding process.

[0631] The working principle of the elastic layer in the type IV separation layer is as follows. When the solidified pressure-transmitting medium moves parallel to the surface of the H-cavity substrate, the elastic layer between them bears normal pressure, but under the condition that the normal pressure fluctuation is not large, the elastic layer can change its thickness. This will prevent the protrusions of the H-cavity substrate surface with high stiffness from getting stuck in the depressions of the solidified pressure-transmitting medium with high stiffness. Preferably, the thickness of the elastic layer is 0.5-1mm, or 1-3mm, or 3-5mm, or 5-10mm, or greater than 10mm.

[0632] The working principle of the low shear layer in the Type IV separation layer is as follows. When the solidified pressure-transmitting medium moves parallel to the surface of the H-cavity substrate, the low shear layer continuously undergoes shear deformation or failure. During the shearing process, the low shear layer gradually thins, and the resistance to the solidified pressure-transmitting medium becomes smaller and smaller.

[0633] Preferably, at least a portion of the surface of the elastic layer is connected to the H-cavity substrate; preferably, the connection specification 25 / 45 pages 35 CN 121552506 A is adhesive bonding.

[0634] Preferably, a closed adhesive tape is present on the outer surface of the elastic layer, and the closed adhesive tape is coated with adhesive; the closed adhesive tape forms a non-adhesive area on the outer surface of the elastic layer, and no adhesive is applied to the non-adhesive area. When the elastic layer contacts the H-cavity substrate, the elastic layer at the adhesive tape position is bonded to the H-cavity substrate, and there is no bond between the elastic layer and the H-cavity substrate in the non-adhesive area. Preferably, a friction-reducing layer is provided between the unbonded area and the H-cavity substrate; preferably, the friction-reducing layer includes at least one of the following: one or more layers of low-friction coefficient layered material, one layer of powder material, and one layer of paste material.

[0635] Type I, II, and III separation layers are suitable for the solidified pressure-transmitting medium to be stretched and separated from the H part along the normal direction of the H-cavity substrate surface. Type IV separation layer is suitable for the solidified pressure-transmitting medium to move relative to the H-cavity substrate surface along the normal direction, and is also suitable for relative movement along the tangential direction.

[0636] The technical effect of the separation layer is: to separate the fluid-solid conversion material from the H part, preventing them from sticking together, so that the solidified fluid-solid conversion material can be separated from the H part after each use, so that the H part can be reused.

[0637] 《1.3.3.》H-cavity surface

[0638] The H-cavity surface is:

[0639] (1) When there is no adhering material on the surface of the H cavity matrix, the H cavity surface is the H cavity matrix surface;

[0640] (2) When any part of the H cavity matrix surface is covered with a separation layer, the H cavity surface refers to the surface of the separation layer;

[0641] (3) When a part of the surface of the H cavity matrix is ​​covered by a separation layer, the H cavity surface includes the part of the H cavity matrix surface that is not covered by the separation layer and the surface of the separation layer.

[0642] 《1.4.》Pressure Transmission Medium

[0643] The pressure transmission medium is selected from cement-based materials, mixtures of cement-based materials and polymer materials, solidifiable polymer materials, and mixtures of solidifiable polymer materials and solid particles and / or solid powders.

[0644] The cement-based material is characterized in that its material composition includes at least cement and water, and the cement participates in the hydration reaction.

[0645] Preferably, the cement-based material is selected from: (1) a mixture of cement and water, (2) a mixture of cement, solid powder, and water, (3) a mixture of cement, solid particles, and water, and (4) a mixture of cement, solid powder, solid particles, and water. Preferably, the solid powder is selected from: silica fume, fly ash, and stone powder; preferably, the stone powder is quartz powder. Preferably, the solid particles are rock particles; preferably, the rock is selected from: quartz, granite, marble, and limestone.

[0646] Preferably, the cement-based material is selected from: cement slurry, cement mortar, reactive powder concrete, fine stone concrete, and concrete. Preferably, the cement-based material is a retarded cement-based material.

[0647] Preferably, when in a flowable state, the pressure-transmitting medium is one of the following: liquid, semi-solid, a mixture of liquid and solid particles and / or solid powder, or a mixture of semi-solid and solid particles and / or solid powder.

[0648] 《1.5.》Pressurized Medium

[0649] The pressurized medium includes at least one of the following: gas, liquid, semi-solid, mixture of gas and liquid, mixture of gas and semi-solid, mixture of liquid and solid particles and / or solid powder, and mixture of semi-solid and solid particles and / or solid powder.

[0650] 《1.6.》Boundary of the pressure transmitting medium

[0651] 《1.6.1.》Boundary between the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium

[0652] Preferably, the pressure transmitting device has at least one of the following features: Specification 26 / 45 pages 36 CN 121552506 A

[0653] (1) There is an isolation material between at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressure transmitting medium and at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressurizing medium;

[0654] (2) There is a flowable isolation material between at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressure transmitting medium and at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressurizing medium;

[0655] (3) There is an overlapping portion between at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressure transmitting medium and at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressurizing medium, and the overlapping portion is called the contact surface.

[0656] The separator is solid, comprising a separator device and / or a separator material. The flowable separator material is flowable. Preferably, for the pressure-transmitting medium, both the separator device and the separator material are impermeable; preferably, for the pressurized medium, both the separator device and the separator material are impermeable.

[0657] 《1.6.2.》 Boundary between the pressure-transmitting medium and the H portion

[0658] Preferably, in the pressure-transmitting device,

[0659] (1) there is no overlap between any part of the boundary surface of the pressure-transmitting medium and the surface of the H cavity, or,

[0660] (2) there is an overlap between at least a part of the boundary surface of the pressure-transmitting medium and at least a part of the surface of the H cavity.

[0661] Preferably, the surface of the H cavity includes at least a part of the surface of the H cavity matrix, and / or at least a part of the separation layer surface covering the surface of the H cavity matrix.

[0662] 《2》Preferred Scheme I——Dual-Cavity Pressure Transmission Device

[0663] 《2.1.》Basic Structure of Dual-Cavity Pressure Transmission Device

[0664] The dual-cavity pressure transmission device is characterized in that at least cavity 1 and cavity 2 exist in the H cavity, wherein cavity 1 and cavity 2 have the following characteristics:

[0665] (1) There is an isolator between cavity 1 and cavity 2, the flowable medium in cavity 1 cannot enter cavity 2, and the flowable medium in cavity 2 cannot enter cavity 1; the isolator is solid, including isolator device and / or isolator material;

[0666] (2) When the volume of cavity 1 changes, the size and / or shape of the isolator changes; and / or, when the volume of cavity 2 changes, the size and / or shape of the isolator changes;

[0667] (3) Cavity 1 is a pressure transmission cavity, which is filled with a pressure transmission medium, and the pressure transmission channel is connected to cavity 1; The cavity 2 is a pressurized cavity, which is filled with a pressurized medium.

[0668] Preferably, the isolation device has the following characteristics: when the volume of the cavity 2 increases, the volume of the cavity 1 decreases, without considering the volume change of the cavity H.

[0669] Surface type of cavity 1

[0670] Preferably, the cavity 1 is one of the following: Class A surface cavity, Class B surface cavity, or Class C surface cavity.

[0671] Class A surface cavity

[0672] The characteristic of the Class A surface cavity is that the cavity surface is a Class A surface.

[0673] The characteristic of the Class A surface is that the entire surface F of the cavity is the surface of the isolation device, excluding any part of the surface of the cavity H.

[0674] Referring to Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 12, in these figures, the cavity where material 22 is located is cavity 1, and its surface is a Class A surface. 2.2.2. Class B Surface Cavities

[0675] The characteristic of the Class B surface cavity is that the cavity surface is a Class B surface.

[0676] The Class B surface has the following characteristics:

[0677] (a) The cavity surface F includes surface F1 and surface F2, surface F1 belongs to the surface of the isolation device, and surface F2 belongs to the surface of the H cavity;

[0678] (b) In the cavity surface, the area of ​​surface F2 is smaller than the area of ​​surface F1.

[0679] Preferably, surface F2 is a surface located on one component in the H cavity surface; preferably, surface F2 is a surface located on two components in the H cavity surface. The component is the smallest element constituting part H, and part H can be disassembled into multiple components.

[0680] In Figures 9 to 11 and Figure 14, the cavity where material 22 is located is cavity 1, and its surface is a Class B surface. In the surface of cavity 1, the area of ​​surface F2 is much smaller than the area of ​​surface F1 of the isolation device. In Figure 9, surface F2 is a part of the surface of the lower sealing device H3.

[0681] 《2.2.3.》Class C Surface Cavity

[0682] The Class C surface cavity is characterized in that the cavity surface is a Class C surface.

[0683] The Class C surface has the aforementioned characteristics:

[0684] (a) The cavity surface F includes surface F1 and surface F2, surface F1 belongs to the surface of the isolation device, and surface F2 belongs to the surface of cavity H;

[0685] (b) In the surface of the cavity, the area of ​​surface F2 is greater than or equal to the area of ​​surface F1.

[0686] In Figures 16, 17, 18 to 20, the cavity where material 22 is located is cavity 1, and its surface is a Class C surface. In the surface of cavity 1, the area of ​​surface F2 is greater than the area of ​​surface F1 of the isolation device.

[0687] 《2.3.》Type of Isolation Device

[0688] Preferably, the isolation device is one of the following: Type 1 isolation device, Type 2 isolation device, or Type 3 isolation device.

[0689] 《2.3.1.》Type 1 Isolation Device

[0690] The Type 1 isolation device includes at least two components, each component having a certain rigidity and each component having a fixed shape during operation; when the volume of cavity 1 and / or cavity 2 changes, at least two adjacent components undergo relative movement. See Figures 3 and 4.

[0691] 《2.3.2.》Type 2 Isolation Device

[0692] The Type 2 isolation device includes a thin layer of material; when the volume of cavity 1 and / or cavity 2 divided by the isolation device changes, (a) the thin layer of material stretches and / or bends, or / and, (b) the shape of the inner surface of the thin layer of material changes. See Figures 5 and 6. 2.3.3. Type 3 Isolation Device

[0693] The Type 3 isolation device includes a G1 part and a G2 part; the G1 part includes one or more components, each component...It has a certain rigidity; the material used to make part G2 includes a thin layer of material;

[0694] When the volume of cavity 1 or / and cavity 2 divided by the type 3 isolation device changes, at least one of the following situations occurs:

[0695] (a) When the number of components in part G1 is greater than or equal to 2, at least two adjacent components move relative to each other;

[0696] (b) The thin layer of material in part G2 stretches or / and bends;

[0697] (c) The shape of the inner surface of part G2 changes.

[0698] Preferably, at least a portion of part G2 is located within the area surrounded or encircled by part G1; preferably, at least a portion of part G2 is located outside the outer end or / and outer surface of part G1.

[0699] Preferred embodiments of the type 3 isolation device are shown in Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12.

[0700] Combination of surface type and isolation device type of cavity 1 in 《2.3.4.》

[0701] There are three types of surface types for cavity 1: Class A, Class B, and Class C. There are three types of isolation devices: Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3. There are nine types of cavities divided in cavity H by the isolation device: Type A1, Type A2, Type A3, Type B1, Type B2, Type B3, Type C1, Type C2, and Type C3.

[0702] For example, Type A3 cavity is a Class A surface cavity divided in cavity H by a Type 1 isolation device. Type A2 cavity is a Class A surface cavity divided in cavity H by a Type 2 isolation device. Type C2 cavity is a Class C surface cavity divided in cavity H by a Type 2 isolation device.

[0703] Some of the above nine cavity types are shown in the accompanying drawings. Type A1 cavity 1 is shown in Figures 3 and 4; Type A2 cavity 1 is shown in Figures 5 and 6; Type A3 cavity 1 is shown in Figure 12; Type B2 cavity 1 is shown in Figure 14; Type B3 cavity 1 is shown in Figures 9, 10, and 11; Type C1 cavity 1 is shown in Figure 15; Type C2 cavity 1 is shown in Figures 16, 17, 18 to 20. In the above figures, the cavity is filled with material 22.

[0704] The following terms are uniformly agreed upon: Cavity A1 is a Class A surface cavity or Class B surface cavity divided by a Type 1 isolation device; Cavity A2 is a Class A surface cavity or Class B surface cavity divided by a Type 2 isolation device; Cavity A3 is a Class A surface cavity or Class B surface cavity divided by a Type 3 isolation device.

[0705] 《2.4.》Preferred Scheme for Isolation Device of Type A B1 Cavity

[0706] 《2.4.1.》Two Modes

[0707] Preferably, the Type A B1 isolation device includes at least one of the following two modes.

[0708] (1) Mode 1 - Tube + Piston

[0709] The type A1 isolation device includes a tube and a piston that can slide in the tube hole, and a sliding sealing device is provided at the gap between the inner surface of the tube and the side of the piston.

[0710] (2) Mode 2 - Sleeve + Piston

[0711] The type A1 isolation device includes multiple tubes nested together, the innermost tube has a piston in its tube hole, and two adjacent tubes can move relative to each other along the axial direction. A sliding sealing device is provided between the inner surface of the outer tube and the outer surface of the inner tube;

[0712] Preferably, in mode 1, the tube is one of the following: plastic tube, thin-walled metal tube, glass tube, ceramic tube. Preferably, in mode 2, at least one sleeve is a plastic tube or a metal tube, or at least one sleeve is made of a material including plastic and / or metal.

[0713] Preferably, in mode 1 or / and mode 2, the main body material of the piston includes at least one of the following: plastic, metal, glass, ceramic.

[0714] Preferably, the metal is a metal used to make metal structures.

[0715] Method for handling solid particles in the medium in the internal region of the isolation device (2.4.2.)

[0716] Preferably, the internal region and the external region of the type A / B1 isolation device are filled with a pressure-transmitting medium and a pressurizing medium, respectively.

[0717] When the pressure-transmitting medium contains solid particles and / or solid powder, scratches may occur on the pipe wall. The mechanism is as follows.

[0718] As shown in Figures 3 and 4 (see Example 2-1 in 2.5.), during the operation of the pressure-transmitting device, the piston 201 squeezes the pressure-transmitting medium 22 in the internal region of the isolation device. The pressure-transmitting medium gradually flows out from the pressure-transmitting channel under pressure. As the pressure-transmitting medium flows out, the piston in the pipe gradually moves forward. When the piston moves forward, some pressure-transmitting medium will enter the gap between the piston and the pipe wall. After entering the gap, it may also contact the sealing ring in the gap. If the pressure-transmitting material contains solid particles, the particles will move along with the piston when the piston moves forward; during the movement, the particles will create scratches on the pipe wall. When the sealing ring passes through the scratch, the scratch becomes a channel connecting the two sides of the sealing ring, and the liquid will pass through the scratch. If the pressurizing medium is a liquid with low viscosity, the piston may hardly move, and the pressurizing medium will directly enter the internal area of ​​the isolation device through the scratch, and come into direct contact with the pressure-transmitting medium.

[0719] When the pipe is a glass pipe or a steel pipe, it is not easy to create scratches; when the pipe is a polymer material, it is easy to create scratches, and the scratches are wider and deeper.

[0720] The following methods can avoid creating scratches.

[0721] (I) Anti-scratch method 1 - Applying a spacer material to the pipe wall

[0722] The spacer material is a viscous fluid-solid conversion material that does not contain solid particles or solid powder.

[0723] The anti-scratch treatment method is as follows:

[0724] (1) Apply a placeholder material to the pipe wall;

[0725] (2) Then fill the pipe hole with a fluid-solid conversion material containing solid particles, the upper surface of the pressure-transmitting medium should be lower than the upper end of the placeholder material coating;

[0726] (3) Install the piston. When the piston moves forward, only the placeholder material is in contact with the pipe wall, and the piston will not leave scratches on the pipe wall when it pushes the placeholder material to move.

[0727] Preferably, the pressure-transmitting medium is squeezed into the pipe hole of the pipe used as an isolation device by the injection pipe to avoid the pressure-transmitting medium being coated on the pipe wall above the final upper surface of the pressure-transmitting medium.

[0728] (II) Anti-scratch method 2 - Applying placeholder material and pasting flexible film material on the pipe wall

[0729] Preferably, the film material is plastic cloth.

[0730] The anti-scratch treatment method is as follows:

[0731] (1) Apply a placeholder material to the surface of the tube hole and / or the surface of the film material, and stick the film material to the tube wall; ensure that the surface of the tube hole is covered with film material at least in the length direction of a section of the tube.

[0732] (2) Fill the tube hole with the pressure-transmitting medium, the upper end of the pressure-transmitting medium being lower than the upper end of the film material.

[0733] ​​(3) Lay the part of the film that is higher than the upper surface of the pressure-transmitting medium flat, covering the upper surface of the pressure-transmitting medium.

[0734] (4) Press the piston.

[0735] When the piston moves forward, the upper and side surfaces of the pressure-transmitting medium are wrapped in the film material and will not scratch the tube wall. Be careful not to let the pressure-transmitting medium adhere to the surface of the tube hole without film material.

[0736] Preferably, the lower end of the film material is slightly higher than the lower end of the tube hole; preferably, the lower end of the film material is flush with the lower end of the tube hole.

[0737] (III) Anti-scratch method 3 - Placeholder material + film bag

[0738] Preferably, the film bag is a plastic bag.

[0739] The anti-scratch treatment method is as follows:

[0740] (1) Apply placeholder material to the surface of the tube hole and / or the surface of the film material.

[0741] (2) Select a long and thin film bag.

[0742] (3) Fill the bag with pressure-transmitting medium.

[0743] (4) Place the bag filled with pressure-transmitting medium into the tube hole, ensuring that the upper end of the bag is slightly lower than the upper end of the placeholder material coating.

[0744] (5) Install a piston, which squeezes the end of the bag filled with pressure-transmitting medium.

[0745] The film bag has the following characteristics: the circumference of the bag is slightly smaller than the circumference of the tube hole; when the piston applies pressure to cause the material inside the bag to expand laterally, the film bag expands laterally accordingly; when the film bag and the surface of the tube hole are in full contact, the sides of the film bag remain intact; after the film bag is subjected to sufficient lateral compression, the lower end of the film bag ruptures, the pressure-transmitting material flows out, and the outflowing pressure-transmitting material enters the pressure-transmitting channel. Specification 30 / 45 pages 40 CN 121552506 A

[0746] Preferably, the film bag is a film sleeve with both ends connected. Preferably, the lower end of the film sleeve is tied with a rope; the tying method can be achieved so that the rope can be loosened when the rope is stretched.

[0747] 《2.4.3.》Technical Effect Analysis

[0748] In modes 1 and 2, when both the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state, the pressure of the flowable medium in the internal region and the external region of the isolation device is almost the same, and the pressure difference between the two regions is almost zero; therefore, the stress state of the material of the isolation device is close to the hydrostatic pressure state, and the deviatoric stress inside the material is almost zero. Therefore, the thickness and strength of the isolation device can be much lower than that of part H, and the sealing standard of the gap between the piston and the pipe wall only needs to be applicable to a very small pressure difference. These characteristics determine that the cost of the isolation device is very low and it is suitable for use as a disposable consumable.

[0749] Since part H has to withstand very high pressure inside the cavity, the manufacturing cost of part H is very high. When an isolation device is used, the isolation device is consumed each time, but part H can be reused.

[0750] 《2.5.》 Example 2-1 - Cavity 1 is type A1, Figures 3 and 4

[0751] This example will show how to use the pressure transmission device when using the pre-compression method to manufacture steel-concrete composite components.

[0752] The steel-concrete composite component is shown in Figures 1 and 2. The outer shell of the component includes a steel pipe A2, a flange A11, an upper sealing plate A10, and a lower sealing plate A3. The flange A11 and the lower sealing plate A3 are welded to the upper and lower ends of the steel pipe A2, respectively. The upper sealing plate A10 is bolted to the flange, and the bolts are located in the bolt holes A101 on the upper end plate and the bolt holes A111 on the flange. A feed hole A102 and a center hole A103 are provided on the upper sealing plate. The pressure transmission pipeline D03 passes through the central hole A103. A sealing device exists between the outer surface of the pressure transmission pipeline D03 and the hole wall of the central hole A103. There is a connection between the pressure transmission pipeline D03 and the flange A10.

[0753] An isolation device D02 exists in the cavity of the component shell. This device is a thin-walled metal cylinder with a gear-shaped cross-section and a height approximately equal to the height of the cavity. The isolation device D02 divides the cavity into an inner region and an outer region. The former is surrounded by the isolation device D02, and the latter is located between the outer surface of the isolation device and the cavity surface of the steel pipe A2. The inner region and the outer region of the isolation device D02 are filled with fluid-solid conversion materials B2 and B1, respectively. A section of pipeline D03 also exists in the inner region. The pipeline D03 is filled with a pressure transmission medium.

[0754] Preferably, the moment when the fluidity of the B2 material begins to be lost is later than the moment when the volume shrinkage of the B1 material occurs at the inflection point. Preferably, the moment when the fluidity of the pressure-transmitting medium begins to be lost is later than or equal to the moment when the volume shrinkage of the B2 material occurs at the inflection point, or later than or equal to the moment when the B2 material loses its fluidity. Preferably, the medium used as the pressure-transmitting medium...The material is the same as or different from the material B2.

[0755] The pressure transmission device is shown in Figures 3 and 4. The H part of the device includes a steel pipe H2, an upper sealing plate H1, and a lower sealing device H3. The upper sealing plate H1 is welded to the steel pipe H2; the lower sealing device H3 is threaded to the steel pipe H2. An isolation device is provided in the H cavity, which includes a fixed part and a movable part. The fixed part includes a round pipe 202, a lower end plate 2031, and a short pipe 2032, and the movable part is a piston 201. The fixed part is bonded to the sealing device H3 with an adhesive, which can decompose and lose strength at high temperatures.

[0756] In Figures 3 and 4, the isolation device divides the H cavity into cavity 1 and cavity 2. Cavity 1 is the area surrounded by the piston 201, the round pipe 202, and the lower end plate 2031, which is filled with the pressure transmission medium 22. Cavity 1 is a type A1 cavity.

[0757] The area surrounded by piston 201, the area above piston 201 in the tube hole of round tube 202, and the area above and outside the end of round tube 202 are all areas of cavity 2, which are filled with pressurizing medium 21.

[0758] In Figure 3, the tube hole of the short tube 2032 is connected to the pressure transmission line 31; a sealing device is provided between the end face of the short tube 2032 and the end face of the pressure transmission line 31; a nut 312 is placed on the short tube to prevent the pressure transmission line 31 from loosening. Specification 31 / 45 pages 41 CN 121552506 A

[0759] The other end of the pressure transmission line 31 in Figure 3 is connected to the upper end of the pipe D03 of the component in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 1, the component is a pressure receiving device, and the pressure transmitted by the pressure transmission medium acts on the material B2 near the lower opening of the pipe D03.

[0760] A pressurized pipeline 11 is provided on the upper sealing plate of the pressure transmitting device.

[0761] The manufacturing and usage methods of the above-mentioned device are further explained below using Scheme 1 and Scheme 2 as examples.

[0762] Scheme 1 (2.6.1.) - The pressure transmitting medium contains solid particles, and the pressurized medium is water.

[0763] In the steel-concrete composite member shown in Figures 1 and 2, materials B1 and B2 are selected as ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC) containing aggregate and retarded reactive powder concrete (RPC), respectively. The moment when the fluidity of the retarded RPC begins to be lost is later than the moment when the volume shrinkage of UHSC occurs at the inflection point. Both UHSC and RPC undergo volume shrinkage before solidification, during solidification, and after solidification. In order to ensure that the materials B1 and B2 inside the steel pipe of the member are continuously subjected to pressure, pressure is continuously applied to the material B2 in the cavity of the steel pipe of the member through the pressure transmitting channel.

[0764] The pressure-transmitting medium filling the pressure-transmitting channel is a fluid-solid conversion material in a flowable state, and its solidification time is late.The solidification time of material B2 is equal to or greater than that of material B2. The fluid-solid conversion material in the pressure transmission channel is accompanied by continuous pressure during solidification, and the pressure transmission device maintains the medium pressure in the pressure transmission channel.

[0765] In the pressure transmission device shown in Figures 3 and 4, the circular tube 202, the lower end plate 2031, the short tube 2032, and the piston 201 are made of plastic and / or steel. The pressure transmission medium 22 is selected as retarded RPC, and the pressurizing medium 21 is distilled water. The pressurizing pipeline 11 is connected to the hydraulic pump. In order to prevent the quartz sand particles in the pressure transmission medium (RPC) from scratching the surface of the circular tube hole, a retarded adhesive is applied to the inner wall of the circular tube 202, or a retarded adhesive is applied and a plastic film is pasted. The retarded adhesive begins to solidify later than the time when the pressure transmission medium begins to solidify.

[0766] Manufacturing steps

[0767] (I) The component construction steps are as follows.

[0768] (1.1) Weld flange A11 and lower sealing plate A3 to the upper and lower ends of steel pipe 2 respectively to make upper sealing plate A10.

[0769] (1.2) Fix isolation device D02 into the cavity of steel pipe A2;

[0770] (1.3) Fill the inner and outer areas of isolation device D02 with material B2 (retardant RPC) and material B1 (UHSC) respectively; during the filling process, keep the height difference between the upper surfaces of material B1 and material B2 within the required range.

[0771] (1.4) When the upper surfaces of materials B1 and B2 are close to the upper end face of flange, stop filling and start installing upper sealing plate A10.

[0772] (1.5) Insert pipe D03 into the center hole A103 of upper sealing plate to seal the gap between pipe and the wall of center hole, and connect pipe D03 to upper sealing plate. Preferably, the pipe D03 and the upper sealing plate are connected by welding or adhesive bonding.

[0773] (1.6) Fill the internal area of ​​the isolation device D02 with B2 material or pressure transmission medium 22 through the pipe D03, insert a thin tube into the material hole A102 of the upper sealing plate A10, and fill the external area of ​​the isolation device D02 with B1 material and / or B2 material.

[0774] (1.7) Seal the material hole A102 with a threaded plug.

[0775] (II) Pressure transmission device manufacturing steps

[0776] (2.1) Weld the upper sealing plate H1 to the steel pipe H2 to manufacture the lower sealing device H3.

[0777] (2.2) Bond the fixed part of the isolation device to the lower sealing device H3 of the H part with adhesive.

[0778] (2.3) Install the pipe end face sealing device 311 and connect the pressure transmission pipe 31 to the threaded hole of the lower sealing device H3.

[0779] (2.4) Apply retarding adhesive to the surface of the circular hole of the circular tube 202 of the isolation device, and attach plastic sheeting. Adhesive instructions 32 / 45 pages 42 CN 121552506 AThe solidification should begin later than the solidification of the pressure-transmitting medium.

[0780] (2.5) Fill the circular hole of the circular tube 202 with the pressure-transmitting medium (slow-setting RPC); when the upper surface of the pressure-transmitting medium is close to the upper end of the plastic sheet, flatten the plastic sheet and cover the upper surface of the pressure-transmitting medium. During the filling process, measures should be taken to prevent the pressure-transmitting medium from flowing out of the pressure-transmitting channel.

[0781] (2.6) Install the piston 201.

[0782] (2.7) Connect the lower sealing device H3 to the lower end of the steel pipe H2 in section H.

[0783] (2.8) Connect the pipe D03 on the component to the pipe 31 of the pressure-transmitting device.

[0784] (2.9) Insert a thin tube into the hole of the pressurizing pipe 11 and inject distilled water into the cavity 2 with the thin tube. After filling, connect the pressurizing pipe 11 to the hydraulic pump.

[0785] (III) Pressurization process and termination conditions

[0786] (3.1) Start the hydraulic pump and squeeze distilled water into cavity 2 (using distilled water can avoid the formation of scale in the hydraulic pump);

[0787] (3.2) Observe the pressure of the hydraulic pump. After the pressure reaches the preset value, keep the pressure of the pressurizing medium within the required range.

[0788] (3.3) After the preset condition is reached, turn off the hydraulic pump, remove the hydraulic pump and pressure transmission device, and cut the pipe D03 along the root of the exposed section.

[0789] The preset condition is that the pressure transmission medium has solidified and the strength has reached the preset value. The preset strength value needs to meet the following: after the pipe D03 is cut off on the outside of the end of the component, (a) the pressure transmission medium on one side of the component can resist the lateral pressure applied by the materials B1 and B2 inside the component together with the pipe D03; (b) it can bond together with the pipe D03, resist the compressive stress inside the pressure transmission medium itself, and will not be squeezed out of the pipe D03.

[0790] (IV) Post-processing

[0791] (4.1) After the pressure transmission pipeline and pressurization pipeline on the pressure transmission device are removed, loosen the threads between the lower sealing device H3 and the steel pipe H2 and separate them.

[0792] After separation, the sealing device H3 and the fixed part (pipe 202) of the isolation device are still bonded together by adhesive. There is solidified pressure transmission medium in the pipe hole of the round pipe H2, in the pipe hole of the short pipe 2032 of the fixed part, and in the pipe hole of the pressure transmission pipeline 31.

[0793] (4.2) Place the sealing device H3 and the fixed part of the isolation device in an oven for baking; after a certain period of time at high temperature, the adhesive decomposes.

[0794] (4.3) Disassemble the sealing device H3 and the fixed part in the isolation device.

[0795] (4.4) Clean the inner side of the upper sealing plate H1, the hole wall of the steel pipe H2 and the surface of the lower sealing device H3. These devices are also reusable.

[0796] The fixed and movable parts of the isolation device are disposable consumables, and the pressure transmission line 31 is a disposable consumable.

[0797] 《2.6.2.》Scheme 2—The pressure transmission medium is liquid or semi-solid, and the pressurizing medium is liquid and / or semi-solid.

[0798] The component part in Scheme 2 is the same as that in Scheme 1. The pressure transmission medium in cavity 1 does not contain solid particles or / and solid powder. Since the pressure transmission medium does not contain solid particles or / and solid powder, there is no need to apply placer material and stick plastic sheeting in the circular tube DO2.

[0799] Preferably, the pressure transmission medium is a slow-setting epoxy resin adhesive. Preferably, the pressurizing medium includes at least one of the following: compressed gas, liquid material, and semi-solid material. Preferably, the liquid material is distilled water or hydraulic oil; preferably, the semi-solid material is petroleum jelly or a non-curing sealant; preferably, the pressurizing medium consists of liquid and gas that are separated from each other, wherein the gas is beneficial for stabilizing the pressure.

[0800] When the pressurizing medium is compressed gas, the valve on the pressurizing pipeline 11 can be closed and the air pump removed after the gas is injected into the H-section cavity. The energy stored in the compressed gas is used to maintain the pressure applied to the pressure transmitting medium.

[0801] 《2.7.》Isolation device for type A / B 2 cavity

[0802] 《2.7.1.》Preferred scheme

[0803] Preferably, in the longitudinal section of the isolation device in the type A / B 2 cavity, at least one section of the inner contour line is one of the following: sawtooth line (Fig. 6), corrugated line, smooth curve (Fig. 5), straight line (Fig. 5). Preferably, in at least one section of the isolation device, the inner contour line of the cross section of the isolation device is one of the following: gear shape, dumbbell shape, trefoil shape, quadrilateral shape (Fig. 26).

[0804] Preferably, the material of the Type A / B2 isolation device is thin-walled metal or thin-walled polymer material; preferably, the polymer material is selected from rubber or plastic; preferably, the plastic is selected from polyester plastic, polyethylene plastic, polypropylene plastic, polyvinyl chloride, or polyoxymethylene plastic.

[0805] Preferably, the Type A / B2 isolation device is one of the following: a rubber bladder (Figure 5), a thin-walled plastic bladder (Figure 5), a thin-walled metal bladder (Figure 5), or a thin-walled corrugated tubular device (Figure 6). Preferably, the material and shape of the plastic bladder are similar to one of the following: a carbonated beverage plastic bottle or a mineral water plastic bottle. During the process of the thin-walled plastic bladder or thin-walled metal bladder decreasing in volume, the bladder wall becomes bent and wrinkled. This type of bladder changes the volume of its cavity by changing the shape of its cavity.

[0806] Preferably, the internal and external regions of the Type A / B2 isolation device are filled with a pressure-transmitting medium and a pressurizing medium, respectively, and the pressure-transmitting channel is connected to the internal region of the isolation device.

[0807] Preferably, the type A / B2 isolation device includes at least one section of pipe, the pipe containing a thin-walled material; preferably, one or both ends of the pipe are connected to the H portion. Preferably, the axis of the pipe is approximately straight; preferably,The axis of the pipe is a helix, and the axis of the pipe includes straight lines and curves. Preferably, the pipe hole area is cavity 1.

[0808] 《2.7.2.》 Example 2-2.1 - Cavity 1 is type A2, Figures 5 and 6

[0809] The pressure transmitting device containing type A2 cavity is shown in Figure 5. The H part includes an upper sealing plate H1, a steel pipe H2 and a lower sealing device H3, and the pipe hole area is cavity H. A circular hole is provided on the upper sealing plate, and a pressurizing pipeline 11 is connected to the circular hole. The circular hole and the pipeline 11 are connected by NPT threads. A bladder-type isolation device 20 is placed in cavity H. The internal area and the external area of ​​the isolation device 20 are cavity 1 and cavity 2, respectively, which are filled with pressure transmitting medium 22 and pressurizing medium 21, respectively. The pressure transmitting pipeline 31 is connected to the lower end of the isolation device 20. The pressure-transmitting pipeline has a protruding section 311, and a sealing gasket is provided between the lower end face of the protruding section and the upper end face of the lower sealing device H3. The exposed part of the pressure-transmitting pipeline has external threads and a nut 312. The pressure-transmitting pipeline is connected to the upper end of the pipeline D03 of the component shown in Figure 1, and the pressurizing pipeline is connected to the pressurizing pump.

[0810] Preferably, the pressure-transmitting medium 22 is selected from a mixture of retarded active powder concrete, retarded epoxy resin and solid particles. Preferably, the pressurizing medium is selected from distilled water, hydraulic oil, petroleum jelly, and compressed air. Preferably, the bladder-type isolation device is selected from rubber bladders and plastic bladders.

[0811] When the pressurizing medium squeezes the isolation device 20, the isolation device transmits the pressure to the pressure-transmitting medium inside it, and the pressure-transmitting medium then transmits the pressure to the B2 material in the component shown in Figure 1.

[0812] The pressure-transmitting device shown in Figure 6 is another type A2 pressure-transmitting device, in which the isolation device is a corrugated pipe-shaped isolation device 20. The rest is similar to the device shown in Figure 5, and the same symbols in the figure have the same meaning.

[0813] The pressure transmission devices shown in Figures 5 and 6 each have the following technical effects. The pressure transmission medium in cavity 1 does not contact the surface of cavity H. In the pressure transmission device, the isolation device 20 and the pressure transmission pipeline 31 it carries are disposable consumables, and the rest can be reused. Specification 34 / 45 pages 44 CN 121552506 A

[0814] 《2.7.3.》 Example 2-2.2——Cavity 1 is type B2, Figure 7

[0815] The pressure transmission device containing type B2 cavity is shown in Figure 7. The H part includes an upper sealing device, a lower sealing device, and a steel pipe H2. The lower sealing device includes components H31 and H33. Component H31 is connected to the steel pipe H2 through NPT thread. Component H31 has a section of frustum hole and a section of round hole of equal diameter. A section of the rubber tube 202 is placed in a frustum-shaped hole. A frustum-shaped sealing plug 203 is placed in the hole at the end of the rubber tube, and a pressure transmission pipe 31 is provided on the sealing plug. A threaded plug H33 with a perforation is placed in the circular hole of component H31.The plug H33 and component H31 are connected by a thread. The plug H33 compresses the sealing plug 203 to compress, fix, and seal the rubber tube 202. A pressurized pipeline 11 is provided on the steel pipe H2.

[0816] The components H11 and H13 in the upper sealing device function similarly to components H31 and H33, respectively, and the upper sealing plug 201 functions similarly to the lower sealing plug 203.

[0817] Preferably, a separation layer is provided on the lower end surface of the upper sealing plug 201 and the upper end surface of the lower sealing plug 203. Preferably, bolt holes are provided on the upper end surface of the sealing plug. When the pressure-transmitting medium solidifies, the isolation device is removed according to the following steps: (1) unscrew the plug H13 in the upper sealing device; (2) screw the bolt into the bolt hole of the upper sealing plug 201 and pull the bolt out together with the upper sealing plug 201; (3) remove the plug H33 in the lower sealing device; (4) take out the pressure-transmitting pipeline 31, the lower sealing plug 203, the pressure-transmitting medium 22, and the rubber tube 202 from the bottom of the H section.

[0818] The technical effect of the pressure-transmitting device is that only the rubber tube 202, the sealing plugs 201 and 203, and the pressure-transmitting pipeline 31 are in contact with the pressure-transmitting medium, while the steel pipe H2, components H31, H33, H11, and H13, which require complex processing, can be reused. The sealing plugs 201 and 203 can be made of plastic, which is very low cost. When the H section is reused, the NPT threaded connection of the H section does not need to be disassembled, which can avoid the thread sealing effect from decreasing with the increase of disassembly times.

[0819] 《2.7.4.》 Example 2-2.3 - Cavity 1 is type A2, Figure 8

[0820] The pressure transmitting device containing type A2 cavity is shown in Figure 8. Part H includes upper and lower sealing devices and pipe H2. The upper sealing device includes components H11 and H13, and the lower sealing device includes components H31 and H33.

[0821] The isolation device includes a thin-walled pipe 202 with a gear-shaped cross-section, an upper cylinder 201, and a lower cylinder 203. The pipe 202 is connected to the upper cylinder 201 and the lower cylinder 203. The pressure transmitting pipeline 31 is fixed in the circular hole of the lower cylinder 203.

[0822] The internal area of ​​the pipe 202 is cavity 1, which is filled with pressure transmitting medium; the area between the pipe 202 and the steel pipe H2 is cavity 2, which is filled with pressurizing medium.

[0823] Preferably, in the isolation device, the tube 202, the upper cylinder 201, and the lower cylinder 203 are all made of polymer materials, wherein the tube 202 is a polymer material that can withstand deformation. Preferably, the tube 202, the upper cylinder 201, and the lower cylinder 203 are all made of metal materials.

[0824] Before pressurizing the pressurizing medium, an appropriate preload is applied to the plug H13 or H33 of the pressure transmitting device to ensure that there is no gap between the plug and the cylinder. When the pressurizing medium is pressurized, the pressure of the pressure transmitting medium rises accordingly.If there is a gap between the plug and the cylinder, the axial pressure of the pressure-transmitting medium will cause the pipe 202 to be stretched, which may cause the pipe to be torn or the connection between the pipe and the cylinder to be torn.

[0825] The method for removing the isolation device after the pressure-transmitting medium solidifies is: (1) remove the plugs H13 and H33; (2) push the upper cylinder 201 downward along the axial direction, and push the upper and lower cylinders, the solidified pressure-transmitting medium and the pipe 202 out of the H cavity together.

[0826] Example 2-2.4 of 《2.7.5》—Cavity 1 is type B2, Figure 14

[0827] The steel pipe concrete component is shown in Figure 13, and the pressure-transmitting device is shown in Figure 14. The pressure-transmitting device continuously applies pressure to the medium in the cavity of the component.

[0828] The only difference between the component shown in Figure 13 and the components shown in Figures 1 and 2 is that the component in Figure 2 does not contain the pressure transmission pipeline D03 (page 35 / 45 of the specification, CN 121552506 A), and the circular hole A103 in the upper sealing plate has an NPT thread. Details of Figure 13 will not be repeated here; please refer to the description of Figures 1 and 2 in Embodiment 2-1.

[0829] In the pressure transmission device shown in Figure 14, cavity 1 is a type 2 cavity. The H part of the pressure transmission device includes an upper sealing device H1 and a pipe H2. The lower end of pipe H2 has an NPT external thread, and the lower end of pipe H2 is directly connected to the circular hole A103 in the upper sealing plate of the component shown in Figure 13.

[0830] In Figure 14, the isolation device is a rubber sleeve 20, the lower end of which is attached to the side of the tube H2. A support ring 205 is placed inside the lower end of the rubber sleeve. The support ring is used to apply radial pre-pressure to the rubber sleeve 20 to help fix the rubber sleeve. A type IV separation layer H21 is attached to the surface of the H cavity substrate below the rubber sleeve. The separation layer is a thin layer of rubber material that is attached to the surface of the H cavity with a low-strength adhesive. The round hole of the upper sealing device H1 is connected to the pressurization pipeline 11. The other end of the pressurization pipeline 11 is connected to the hydraulic pump. The pressurization medium is pure water.

[0831] The steps of pressurizing the medium in the cavity of the component by means of the pressure transmission device are as follows.

[0832] (1) Connect the lower end of the pressure transmission device to the round hole A103 of the upper sealing plate of the component.

[0833] (2) Pressurize the pure water in the pressurization pipeline 11 with the hydraulic pump. The pressure is maintained until the strength of the pressure transmission medium reaches the preset value.

[0834] (3) After the pressurization process is completed, unscrew the pressure transmitting device from the sealing plate A10 on the component. The solidified pressure transmitting medium 22 is cut off.

[0835] (4) Use a hydraulic pump to squeeze pure water into the pressure transmitting device through the pressurization pipeline 11. The pure water squeezes the solidified pressure transmitting medium 22, rubber sleeve 20, support ring 205, and separation layer H21 out of the pipe H2. The pipe H2, the upper sealing device H1, and the pressurization pipeline 11 can all be reused.

[0836] 《2.8.》Isolation device for type A and B 3 cavities

[0837] 《2.8.1.》Two Basic Configurations

[0838] The aforementioned isolation device in the type A3 cavity includes parts G1 and G2. Part G1 includes one or more components, each of which has a certain rigidity. Part G2 is made of a thin-layer material that can undergo bending deformation and / or tensile deformation.

[0839] The cavity 1 divided in cavity H by the type A3 isolation device has two basic configurations, the characteristics of which depend on the relative positional relationship between parts G1 and G2. Configuration 1 has the following features I and II, and configuration 2 has the following features I and III.

[0840] (i) Feature I is,

[0841] The G1 part has an internal region, and the internal region of the G1 part is the region surrounded or / and encircled by the G1 part;

[0842] (ii) Feature II is,

[0843] During the process of volume change of cavity 1, at least for a certain period of time, the following characteristics are present,

[0844] (1) All or most of the G2 part is not located in the internal region of the G1 part; or / and,

[0845] (2) The planar region formed by the intersection of cavity 1 and any plane is a simply connected region;

[0846] (iii) Feature III is,

[0847] During the process of volume change of cavity 1, at least for a certain period of time, the following characteristics are present,

[0848] (1) All or most of the G2 part is located in the internal region of the G1 part; or / and,

[0849] (2) There is at least one plane S, and the planar region formed by the intersection of cavity 1 and plane S is a multi-connected region. Instruction manual, pages 36 / 45, CN 121552506 A

[0850] Figures 9 to 11, and Figure 12 have feature III.

[0851] Preferably, the G2 part is one of the following: a rubber sleeve closed at one end, a plastic sleeve closed at one end, or a heat-shrinkable sleeve closed at one end.

[0852] Preferably, the material of the G1 part is one of the following: plastic, thin-walled metal, hard rubber, glass, or ceramic.

[0853] 《2.8.2.》 Example 2-3.1 - Type B3 cavity 1, Figures 9 to 11

[0854] The Type B3 pressure transmitting device is shown in Figures 9, 10, and 11. The H part includes an upper sealing plate H1, a steel pipe H2, and a lower sealing device H3. A pressurization pipeline 11 is connected to the upper sealing plate H1, and a pressure transmitting pipeline 203 is connected to the lower sealing device H3. A type 3 isolation device is installed in cavity H. The isolation device includes a tube 2a2 (G1 part) and a rubber sleeve 2b2 (G2 part). The rubber sleeve is connected to the upper end of the tube, and the lower end of the tube is connected to the lower sealing device H3. Preferably, the rubber sleeve 2b2 further includes an end clamping part 2b1; preferably, the connection between the rubber sleeve and the upper end of the tube is an adhesive.Adhesion; preferably, the connection between the lower end of the pipe 2a2 and the lower isolation device H3 is made by adhesive bonding.

[0855] The area enclosed by the inner surface of the pipe 2a2, the outer surface of the rubber sleeve 2b2, and the countersunk end face of the lower sealing device H3 is a cavity 1, which is filled with pressure transmitting medium 22. In the cross-section shown in Figure 11, the area enclosed by the inner contour line of the rubber sleeve 2b2 is a single-connected cavity, which is filled with pressurizing medium 201; the area between the outer contour line of the rubber sleeve 2b2 and the inner contour line of the pipe 2a2 is a multi-connected area, which is filled with pressure transmitting medium 22; the area between the outer contour line of the pipe 2a2 and the inner contour line of the steel pipe H2 is a multi-connected area, which is filled with pressurizing medium 21. When the pressurizing medium squeezes the rubber sleeve 2b2, the rubber sleeve squeezes the pressure transmitting medium, and the pressure transmitting medium then transmits the pressure to the target medium in the target area.

[0856] A part of the surface of the lower sealing device H3 is in contact with the pressure transmitting medium. When the pressure transmitting device is reused, the pressure transmitting pipeline 31, the lower sealing device H3, the pipe 2a2, and the rubber sleeve 2b2 are all disposable consumables, while the upper sealing plate H1, the pipe H2, and the pressurizing pipeline 11 of the pressure transmitting device can be reused.

[0857] The construction steps are as follows.

[0858] (1) Weld the upper sealing plate H1 to the upper end of the steel pipe H2.

[0859] (2) Adhere the pipe 2a2 to the lower sealing device H3 with adhesive.

[0860] (3) Adhere the rubber sleeve 2b2 to the upper end of the pipe 201.

[0861] (4) Place the smooth, long strip support into the rubber sleeve to prevent the rubber sleeve from folding; invert the isolation device connected to the lower sealing device H3.

[0862] (5) Connect the pressure transmitting pipeline 31 to the round hole of the lower sealing device H3, and fill the pressure transmitting medium into the internal area of ​​the isolation device from the pressure transmitting pipeline.

[0863] (6) When the volume of the pressure-transmitting medium reaches the required level, stop filling; turn the isolation device connected to the lower sealing device H3 upright, remove the support in the rubber sleeve, and connect the lower sealing device H3 to the steel pipe H2.

[0864] (6) Connect the pressure-transmitting pipeline 31 to the upper end of the pipeline D03 of the component shown in Figure 1, and connect the pressurizing pipeline 11 to the round hole of the upper sealing plate H1.

[0865] (7) This step has the following two options:

[0866] (i) When the pressurizing medium is air, connect the other end of the pressurizing pipeline 11 to the pressurizing air pump; since compressed gas stores a large amount of energy, the valve can be closed and the air pump removed after the air pressure reaches the preset value;

[0867] (ii) When the pressurizing medium is distilled water, insert a thin tube through the hole of the pressurizing pipeline into the H cavity; inject water into the H cavity through the thin tube; after filling, connect the other end of the pressurizing pipeline 11 to the pressurizing water pump, and control the pressurizing pump according to the designed pressurization rules.

[0868] 《2.8.3.》Example 2-3.2 - Type A3 Cavity 1, Figure 12, Specification 37 / 45 pages 47 CN 121552506 A

[0869] This embodiment is similar to Example 2-3.1.

[0870] This embodiment uses the pressure transmission device shown in Figure 12, and its cavity 1 is Type A3. Part H includes an upper sealing plate H1, a steel pipe H2, and a lower sealing device H3. The isolation device includes parts G1 and G2. Part G1 is an open container, including a short pipe 2a11, an upper end plate 2a12, a pipe 2a2, and a lower end plate 2a3. Part G2 is a rubber sleeve 2b2, and the upper end 2b1 of the rubber sleeve is connected to the short pipe 2a11. The size and shape of the short pipe 2a11 can be adjusted as needed.

[0871] The outer diameter of the tube 2a2 in section G1 is close to the inner diameter of the tube H2. Adding a short tube 2a11 to section G1 facilitates the connection between sections G1 and G2.

[0872] The upper end 311 of the pressure transmission pipeline 31 and the nut 312 clamp the lower end plate 2a3 of the isolation device; a nut 314 is also provided on the pressure transmission pipeline for fixing the pressure transmission pipeline. A sealing ring 313 is provided in the gap between the outer surface of the pressure transmission pipeline and the surface of the circular hole of the lower sealing device H3.

[0873] The area between the outer surface of the rubber sleeve 2b2 and the inner surface of the tube 2a2 is a cavity 1, which is filled with the pressure transmission medium 22. The remaining area in the H cavity is filled with the pressurizing medium 21. The pressure transmission medium 22 is in contact with the outer surface of the rubber sleeve 2b2, the inner surface of the tube 2a2, and the pressure transmission pipeline 31; the pressure transmission medium is not in contact with the surface of the H cavity. Devices in contact with the pressure transmitting medium 22 are disposable consumables, while devices not in contact with the pressure transmitting medium can be reused.

[0874] 《2.9.》Isolation device for Class C surface cavity

[0875] Isolation devices for Class C surface cavity are selected from: Type C1, Type C2, and Type C3 isolation devices. The following focuses on Type C1 and Type C2. Type C3 can be regarded as a combination of Type C1 and Type C2 and will not be described separately.

[0876] 《2.9.1.》Type C1 isolation device

[0877] (I) Preferred scheme 1

[0878] Preferably, the pressure transmitting device with Type C1 isolation device is shown in Figure 15. The H part includes an upper sealing device H1 and a pipe H2. The upper sealing device H1 is provided with a hole for connection to the pressurized pipeline 11. The lower end of H2 is provided with NPT external thread, and a separation layer H11 is provided on the annular end face of the lower end of H1. The type C1 isolation device includes a plastic tube 202 and a plastic piston 201. The area enclosed by the isolation device is a cavity 2, which is connected to a pressurized pipe 11 and filled with a pressurized medium 21. The area between the outer side of the isolation device and the surface of cavity H, as well as the area between the isolation device and the lower end of the tube H2, is cavity 1, which is filled with a pressure-transmitting medium 22. Obviously, the area belonging to the surface of cavity H in cavity 1 is larger than the area belonging to the outer surface of the isolation device.

[0879] Before applying pressure to the component shown in Figure 13 using the pressure transmitting device, first connect the external thread of the lower end of the steel pipe H2 to the internal thread of the circular hole A103 of the upper sealing plate of the component, and then connect the pressurization pipeline 11 to the hydraulic pump. During the application of pressure, the piston 201 continuously extends out of the pipe 202, squeezing the pressure transmitting medium 202. When the pressure transmitting medium contains solid particles, since the side of the piston 201 moves downward relative to the end of the pipe 202, the solid particles will not be carried into the space between the piston and the pipe 202, so no scratches will be formed on the inner surface of the pipe, and the seal between the two will not be affected.

[0880] Because of the separation layer H11, the upper sealing device H1 does not come into contact with the pressure transmitting medium, and the upper sealing device H1 can be reused. The pipe H2, the pipe 202, and the piston 201 will all stick together with the solidified pressure transmitting medium, and they are disposable consumables.

[0881] (II) Preferred Scheme 2

[0882] In the pressure transmitting device shown in Figure 15, a type IV separation layer is applied to the inner surface of the tube H2 in the H cavity. Preferably, the separation layer is a rubber sleeve with a thickness of 5-10 mm; the upper end of the rubber sleeve is integral with the separation layer H11. Preferably, the upper end face of the rubber sleeve (the upper surface of H11) is bonded to the upper sealing device H1 with an adhesive. Preferably, the outer side near the lower end of the rubber sleeve is bonded to the inner surface of the tube H2, and the height of the bonding surface is 15 mm. Preferably, a material to reduce friction is placed between the rubber sleeve and the tube on the surface where no adhesive is applied; this material is two layers of polytetrafluoroethylene. Since both ends of the rubber sleeve used as the separation layer are bonded to the H part, the pressure transmitting medium in a flowing state cannot enter between the rubber sleeve and the inner surface of the H part.

[0883] After the process of applying pressure to the component is completed, the pressure transmitting device is removed, at which point the pressure transmitting medium has solidified. First, the pressure transmitting device is removed from the threaded hole of the component; then, liquid is squeezed into the cavity 1 through the pressurized pipeline. The liquid pushes the piston down, pushing the solidified cylindrical pressure transmitting medium out of the tube H2 along with the rubber sleeve. The adhesive strength between the rubber sleeve and part H is moderate. When the rubber sleeve moves down, the adhesive detaches, or the rubber sleeve near the adhesive is torn.

[0884] In this scheme, the upper sealing device H1 and the tube H2 are both reusable. The tube 202, piston 201, and rubber sleeve used as isolation devices are all disposable consumables.

[0885] Another preferred solution is to change the tube H2 to a tube with the following characteristics: the tube hole is frustum-shaped, and the inner diameter of the lower end is larger than the inner diameter of the upper end. This shape is more conducive to pushing the solidified pressure transmitting medium out of the tube H2.

[0886] Isolation device for type C2 cavity in 《2.9.2.》

[0887] (I) Preferred scheme 1

[0888] The pressure transmission device with type C2 isolation device is shown in Figure 16. The type C2 pressure transmission device shown in Figure 16 is very similar in structure to the type A2 pressure transmission device shown in Figure 5, but the following differences exist. (1) In Figure 16, the internal area of ​​the isolation device is cavity 2, which is filled with pressurizing medium; while in Figure 5, the internal area of ​​the isolation device is cavity 1, which is filled with pressure transmission medium. (2) In Figure 16, the area between the outer surface of the isolation device and the surface of cavity H is cavity 1, which is filled with pressure transmission medium; while in Figure 5, the area between the outer surface of the isolation device and the surface of cavity H is cavity 2, which is filled with pressurizing medium. In the surface of cavity 1 in Figure 16, the area belonging to the surface of the isolation device is smaller than the area belonging to the surface of cavity H.

[0889] (II) Preferred Scheme 2

[0890] The pressure transmission device with type C2 isolation device is shown in Figure 17. Among them, part H is a spherical shell, including upper part H1 and lower part H2, which are connected by bolts. The isolation device is a thin rubber layer 20 with a large deformation capacity, fixed between the upper half and the lower half. The upper cavity is cavity 2, which is connected to a pressurizing pipeline 11 and is filled with a pressurizing medium 21; the lower cavity is cavity 1, which is connected to a pressure transmitting pipeline 23 and is filled with a pressure transmitting medium.

[0891] When the pressure transmitting device is working, the pressurizing medium continuously occupies the volume in cavity 2, the volume of cavity 2 increases, the volume of cavity 1 decreases accordingly, and the thin rubber layer 20 is stretched. In the surface of cavity 1, the area belonging to the isolation device surface is smaller than the area belonging to the H cavity surface.

[0892] Preferably, a separation layer is provided on the H cavity surface in cavity 1 to prevent the pressure transmitting device from sticking to the lower half H2 of the H part. In this pressure transmitting device, the pressure transmitting pipeline 31, the separation layer covering the lower half H2, and the rubber thin layer 20 are all disposable consumables. The pressurizing pipeline 11 and the upper half H1 and lower half H2 of the H section can be reused.

[0893] Preferably, the cavity of the lower half H2 includes a frustum, with the lower end being the small end of the frustum. A type IV separation layer covers the surface of the cavity of the lower half H2. The solidified pressure transmitting medium can be removed from the disassembled pressure transmitting device H2 section, and the H2 section can be reused.

[0894] (III) Preferred Scheme 3

[0895] The pressure transmitting device with the type C2 isolation device is shown in Figures 18, 19, and 20. The H section includes an upper sealing device H1 and a pipe H2. The isolation device is a rubber sleeve 20, with a section near its end pasted on the hole wall of the pipe H2. An annular support device 205 helps to fix the rubber sleeve on the hole wall.

[0896] The internal region of the rubber sleeve belongs to cavity 2, which is filled with pressurizing medium; the region between the outer surface of the rubber sleeve and the orifice wall of tube H2 is cavity 1, which is filled with pressure transmitting medium. The surface of cavity 1 belongs to the surface of the isolation device.The area is smaller than the area belonging to the surface of cavity H. Preferably, in the surface of cavity 1, a type IV separation layer is covered on the surface of cavity H. Specification 39 / 45 pages 49 CN 121552506 A

[0897] When this pressure transmission device is working, it is connected to the circular hole A103 of the upper sealing plate of the component shown in FIG13.

[0898] 《3》No isolation pressure transmission device, incomplete isolation pressure transmission device

[0899] 《3.1.》Compatibility of two materials

[0900] 《3.1.1.》Dual flow contact surface

[0901] Preferably, there is at least one dual flow contact surface in cavity H. The dual flow contact surface has the following characteristics: the medium above and below the contact are respectively called the upper medium and the lower medium, and the upper medium and the lower medium are in a flowable state for at least a certain period of time during the operation of the pressure transmission device.

[0902] Preferably, there is only one dual-flow contact surface in the H cavity, denoted as S0. The medium above the contact surface S0 is a pressurizing medium, and the medium below the contact surface S0 is a pressure-transmitting medium; or, the medium below the contact surface S0 is a pressurizing medium, and the medium above the contact surface S0 is a pressure-transmitting medium.

[0903] Preferably, there are two dual-flow contact surfaces in the H cavity, namely dual-flow contact surfaces S1 and S2. They have one of the following two characteristics:

[0904] (1) The medium below the contact surface S1 is a pressure-transmitting medium, and the medium above the contact surface S1 is a flowable isolation material; the medium below the contact surface S2 is a flowable isolation material, and the medium above the contact surface S2 is a pressurizing medium;

[0905] (2) The medium above the contact surface S1 is a pressure-transmitting medium, and the medium below the contact surface S1 is a flowable isolation material; the medium above the contact surface S2 is a flowable isolation material, and the medium below the contact surface S2 is a pressurizing medium;

[0906] The flowable isolation material has fluidity.

[0907] Preferably, there is a flowable isolation material between at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressure-transmitting medium and at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressurizing medium, and the flowable isolation material separates the two boundary surfaces.

[0908] Preferably, the pressurizing medium is a compressed gas.

[0909] 《3.1.2.》Immiscible

[0910] Preferably, the medium above and the medium below the dual-flow contact surface S0 are immiscible. Preferably, the upper medium and the lower medium of the dual-flow contact surface S1 are immiscible, and the upper medium and the lower medium of the dual-flow contact surface S2 are immiscible.

[0911] The immiscibility means having one of the following four characteristics:

[0912] (1) The lower medium includes a liquid, and the upper medium includes a liquid;

[0913] Regardless of whether the lower medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, and regardless of whether the upper medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, the liquid in the upper medium does not dissolve in the liquid in the lower medium.Neither of them dissolves in the liquid in the upper medium;

[0914] (2) The lower medium includes liquid, and the upper medium includes semi-solid;

[0915] Regardless of whether the lower medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, and regardless of whether the upper medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, the semi-solid in the upper medium does not dissolve in the liquid in the lower medium;

[0916] (3) The lower medium includes semi-solid, and the upper medium includes liquid;

[0917] Regardless of whether the lower medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, and regardless of whether the upper medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, the semi-solid in the lower medium does not dissolve in the liquid in the upper medium;

[0918] (4) The lower medium is a semi-solid, or a mixture of semi-solid and solid powder and / or solid particles; the upper medium is a semi-solid, or a mixture of semi-solid and solid powder and / or solid particles;

[0919] Under the condition that it does not contain solid powder or solid particles, if the semi-solid in the lower medium is directly mixed with the semi-solid in the upper medium, the two will separate into layers or form an uneven mixture. Instruction manual, pages 40 / 45, 50 CN 121552506 A

[0920] 《3.1.3.》 Adaptability

[0921] Preferably, the upper medium and the lower medium of the dual-flow contact surface S0 are adaptable. Preferably, the upper medium and the lower medium of the dual-flow contact surface S1 are adaptable; preferably, the upper medium and the lower medium of the dual-flow contact surface S2 are level adaptable. The adaptability is level I adaptability or level II adaptability.

[0922] The level I adaptability includes the following four items:

[0923] (1) Both the upper medium and the lower medium are in a flowable state;

[0924] (2) The upper medium and the lower medium do not react chemically;

[0925] (3) The upper medium and the lower medium are immiscible;

[0926] (4) The specific gravity of the lower medium is greater than that of the upper medium;

[0927] The level II adaptability includes the following four items.

[0928] (1) Both the upper and lower media are in a flowable state;

[0929] (2) The upper and lower media are immiscible;

[0930] (3) The lower media has a higher specific gravity than the upper media;

[0931] (4) The upper and lower media undergo a chemical reaction, but the effect of the chemical reaction has the following two characteristics: (a) Before the pressure transmitting device stops working, the reactants of the upper and lower media are near the contact surface, and the distribution range meets the preset requirements; (b) The reactants do not hinder the downward flow of the upper and lower media.

[0932] Preferably, the H cavity contains only a dual-flow contact surface SO, the lower medium of SO is the pressure transmitting medium, and the upper medium is the pressurizing medium; the pressure transmitting medium is a cement-based material, and the pressurizing medium is selected from liquid paraffin, petroleum jelly, and long-term flowable materials.A semi-solid polymer sealing material.

[0933] Preferably, the H cavity contains a double-flow contact surface S1 and S2, with the contact surface S2 above S1; the pressure-transmitting medium is below the contact surface S1, the flowable isolation material is between the double-flow contact surfaces S1 and S2, and the pressurizing medium is above the contact surface S2; the pressure-transmitting medium is a cement-based material, the flowable isolation material is a semi-solid polymer sealing material or a paste-like polymer sealing material in a flowable state, and the pressurizing medium is distilled water.

[0934] 《3.2.》Pressure Transmission Devices with No Isolation and Incomplete Isolation

[0935] The characteristic of a pressure transmission device without isolation is that the H cavity does not contain a solid isolation material, and both the pressure-transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are located in the H cavity, each occupying a different spatial area. Preferably, in the H cavity of the pressure transmission device without isolation, there is a double-flow contact surface S0 between the pressure-transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium, with the pressure-transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium located below and above the double-flow contact surface S0, respectively. Preferably, in the H cavity without an isolation pressure transmission device, there is a flowable isolation material between the pressure transmission medium and the pressurizing medium, wherein the pressure transmission medium and the pressurizing medium are respectively located below and above the flowable isolation material, or respectively located above and below the flowable isolation material.

[0936] The incomplete isolation pressure transmission device is characterized in that a solid isolation device is provided in the H cavity, and at least cavity 1 and cavity 2 are divided in the H cavity, but the two cavities are connected. Preferably, the dual-flow contact surface S0 and the medium above and below it are both located in cavity 1, wherein the medium above and the medium below are respectively the pressurizing medium and the pressure transmission medium, as shown in Figure 21. Preferably, the dual-flow contact surface S1 and the flowable isolation material above it and the pressure transmission medium below it are both located in cavity 1; or / and, the dual-flow contact surface S2 and the pressurizing medium above it and the flowable isolation material below it are both located in cavity 1, as shown in Figures 22 to 24.

[0937] 《3.3.》Barrier Device

[0938] Preferably, the H section of the non-isolated pressure transmission device includes a section of pipe, see Figure 25. Preferably, in the incomplete isolation pressure transmission device, the isolation device includes a section of pipe, see Figure 22; preferably, the area around the pipe belongs to the area of ​​cavity 1. When the pressure transmission device is in working state, the axis of the pipe is parallel to the direction of gravity, or the included angle is less than 30°.

[0939] Preferably, a barrier device (Figure 25) is placed in the pipe hole of the H section, and a barrier device (Figure 22) is placed in the pipe hole of the pipe used as an isolation device, the function of which is to reduce the contact area between the medium below the lower end face of the barrier device and the medium above the lower end face. There is a gap between the side of the barrier device and the inner wall of the pipe, the medium below the barrier device or / The upper medium can be squeezed into the gap. Preferably, the ratio of the width of the gap to the diameter of the largest solid particle entering the gap is greater than 1, or greater than 2, or greater than 3. Preferably, during a certain period of time during the operation of the pressure transmitting device, the lower end face of the blocking device is in the same plane as the dual-flow contact surface, or is lower than the dual-flow contact surface.

[0940] Preferably, the blocking device is a cylindrical body with a cross-section similar to the cross-section of the pipe hole, and the cross-sectional dimension is slightly smaller than the cavity size. Preferably, the ratio of the height of the cylindrical body to the maximum radial dimension of the cylindrical body is greater than 1, 1.2, 1.5, or 2, to prevent the cylindrical body from tilting and getting stuck on the pipe wall. Preferably, the ratio of the height of the cylindrical body to the maximum radial dimension of the cylindrical body is greater than 3, 5, 10, 15, or 20, so that the self-weight of the cylindrical body can generate appropriate compressive stress on the lower end face, so that a section of the cylindrical body extends into the lower medium. Preferably, the specific gravity of the cylindrical body is less than that of the pressure-transmitting medium, but greater than that of the pressurizing medium and / or the specific gravity of the flowable isolation material.

[0941] Preferably, the barrier device includes a barrier plate and a guide device. The cross-sectional shape of the barrier plate is similar to that of the pipe hole, and there is a gap between the barrier plate and the inner wall of the pipe in the cross-section. The thickness of the barrier plate is less than or equal to the maximum radial dimension of the barrier plate, and the guide device can ensure that the barrier device does not tilt or flip. Preferably, the guide device includes a guide plate and a connecting device between the guide plate and the barrier plate. The cross-sectional shape of the guide plate is similar to that of the barrier plate, and the distance between the guide plate and the barrier plate is greater than 1.5 times the maximum radial dimension of the pipe. Preferably, the guide plate is provided with holes, and the length of the holes is equal to the thickness of the guide plate. Preferably, the connecting device between the guide plate and the barrier plate is a connecting column, and the cross-sectional dimension of the connecting column is smaller than that of the barrier plate.

[0942] 《3.4.》Example - Incomplete Isolation Device

[0943] 《3.4.1.》Example 3-1

[0944] Pressure is applied to the component shown in Figure 1 using the pressure transmitting device shown in Figure 21.

[0945] In the incomplete pressure transmitting device shown in Figure 21, part H is an ellipsoidal shell, including an upper part H1 and a lower part H2, which are connected by bolts. An incomplete isolation device 20 exists in the H cavity, dividing the H cavity into cavity 1 and cavity 2, wherein cavity 1 is the internal area surrounded by the incomplete isolation device 20, and cavity 2 is the area between the outer surface of the incomplete isolation device and the inner surface of part H. The pressure transmitting pipeline 31 is connected to cavity 1, and a channel is provided at the upper end of the incomplete isolation device 20 to connect cavity 1 and cavity 2. A pressurization pipeline 11 is provided at the upper end of the H cavity.

[0946] Cavity 1 contains a pressure transmitting medium 22 and a pressurizing medium 21, with the pressurizing medium located below the pressure transmitting medium. The contact surface between the two is a double-flow contact surface S0. Cavity 2 is entirely filled with the pressurizing medium 21.

[0947] Preferably, the pressure transmitting medium is a cement-based material, and the pressurizing medium is selected from petrolatum oil, long-term flowable sealing materials, and compressed air. Preferably, the pressure transmitting medium is a mixture of a solidifiable polymer material and quartz powder, and the pressurizing medium is compressed air or water, wherein the specific gravity of the solidifiable polymer material is greater than that of water. Preferably, the incomplete isolation device is made of plastic.

[0948] The fabrication, installation, and method for applying pressure to a component using a pressure transmitting device include the following steps:

[0949] (1) Fabricating the following components:

[0950] the upper half H1 and the lower half H2 of part H, a pressure transmitting line 31, an incomplete isolation device 20, and a pressurizing line 11;

[0951] (2) Connecting the pressure transmitting line 31 to the lower half H2 of part H, and then connecting the incomplete isolation device 20 to the pressurizing line 31;

[0952] (3) Assembling the upper half H1 and the lower half H2 of part H together;

[0953] (4) Insert the feed pipe into the cavity 1 surrounded by the incomplete isolation device through the upper end round hole of the upper half H1, and inject the pressure transmitting medium into it first, and then inject the pressurizing medium; when the pressurizing medium is about to flow out of the H cavity, stop the injection; during this process, temporarily seal the lower end outlet of the pressure transmitting pipe 31 to prevent the pressure transmitting medium from flowing out;

[0954] (5) Connect one end of the pressurizing pipe 11 to the upper half H1 of the H part, and connect the other end to the pressurizing device;

[0955] (6) Connect the pressure transmitting pipe 31 to the pipe D03 of the component shown in FIG1;

[0956] (7) Apply a pressure action process to the component according to the designed pressurization rules.

[0957] In this embodiment, the incomplete isolation device 20 and the pressure transmitting pipe 31 are disposable components, and the rest can be reused. Since the incomplete isolation device is made of plastic, its cost is very low.

[0958] 《3.4.2.》 Example 3-2

[0959] Pressure is applied to the component shown in Figure 13 using the pressure transmitting device shown in Figures 22, 23, and 24.

[0960] In the incomplete pressure transmitting device shown in Figures 22 to 24, part H includes an upper end plate H1, a steel pipe H2, and a pressure transmitting pipeline 31, which also serves as a lower sealing device. The upper end plate H1 and the steel pipe H2 are welded together, and the pressure transmitting pipeline 31 and the steel pipe H2 are threaded together. A section of NPT thread is provided near the lower end of the pressure transmitting pipeline 31. An isolation pipe 202, which serves as an incomplete isolation device, exists in the H cavity, dividing the H cavity into cavity 1 and cavity 2. Cavity 1 is the internal area surrounded by the isolation pipe 202, and cavity 2 is the area between the outer surface of the isolation pipe 202 and the inner surface of part H, as well as the area in the H cavity that extends above the upper end of the isolation pipe 202.The area. The isolation tube 202 has a section inserted into the tube hole of the pressure transmission tube 31, and the two are bonded together with adhesive. The tube hole of the pressure transmission tube 31 is connected to the cavity 1, and the cavity 1 is connected to the cavity 2. A pressurization tube 11 is provided at the upper end of the H cavity.

[0961] The cavity 1 contains a pressure transmission medium 22, a flowable isolation material 201, a cylinder 2012 used as a barrier device, and a pressurization medium 21. The double-flow contact surfaces S1 and S2 divide the cavity 1 into three sections. The pressure transmission medium 22 is below the contact surface S1, and the pressurization medium 21 is above the contact surface S2. Preferably, only the flowable isolation material 201 exists between the contact surfaces S1 and S2; preferably, there is a flowable isolation material 201 and a cylinder 2012 between the contact surfaces S1 and S2. The specific gravity of the cylinder 2012 is greater than that of the pressurization medium 21 and less than that of the pressure transmission medium 22.

[0962] Preferably, the isolation tube 202 is a plastic tube or a glass tube; preferably, the pressure transmitting medium 22 is a mixture of cement, quartz powder, and water, the flowable isolation material is a semi-solid sealing material or a paste-like sealing material in a flowable state, and the pressurizing medium is water. The following is an analysis of two working conditions.

[0963] (I) Working condition 1: The cavity 1 contains only the flowable isolation material 201, and there is no cylinder 2012.

[0964] Preferably, when the pressure transmitting device ends, the pressure transmitting medium moves downward by a distance less than the height of the flowable isolation material to prevent the pressure transmitting material 22 attached to the inner wall of the isolation tube from contacting the pressurizing medium. When the pressurizing medium is water and the pressure transmitting medium is a cement-based material, if the pressure transmitting material 22 attached to the inner wall of the isolation tube contacts the pressurizing medium, a water channel will be formed. The water used as the pressurizing medium will enter the pressure transmitting medium through the water channel, changing the mixing ratio of the pressure transmitting medium and affecting the final strength.

[0965] (II) Operating Condition 2: Flowable isolation material 201 and cylinder 2012 exist in cavity 1

[0966] During the operation of the pressure transmitting device, the pressure transmitting medium 22, the flowable isolation material 201, and the cylinder 2012 in cavity 1 all move downwards, and the pressure transmitting material attached to the inner wall of the isolation tube will enter the gap between the side of the cylinder and the inner surface of the isolation tube. In order to prevent solid powder particles in the pressure transmitting medium from getting stuck in the cylinder, a gap should be left between the side of the cylinder 2012 and the inner wall of the isolation tube 202. Preferably, the width of the gap is greater than 3 times the maximum particle size of the solid particles in the pressure transmitting medium. Preferably, several protruding points are provided on the side of the cylinder to ensure that the gaps of the four types of cylinders are basically the same.

[0967] Preferably, when the pressure transmitting device ends, the lower end face of the pressurized medium is still higher than the initial position of the lower end face of the pressure transmitting medium.

[0968] Preferably, the height of the cylinder 2012 is less than the height of the flowable isolation material 201; preferably, the height of the cylinder 2012 is greater than the height of the flowable isolation material 201, and a section of the cylinder 2012 extends into the area where the pressurized medium is located. Preferably, the lower end face of the cylinder 2012 is in the same plane as the double-flow contact surface S1.

[0969] The technical effects of using the cylinder are: (1) to keep most of the upper surface of the pressure transmitting device in the required shape; (2) to save the amount of flowable isolation material used; (3) when the pressurized medium and the flowable isolation material can react slowly, the cylinder greatly reduces the contact area between the pressurized medium and the flowable isolation material, so the reaction product generation rate can be reduced.

[0970] The technical effects of this solution are: to combine the lower sealing device and the pressure transmitting pipeline into one, eliminating the need for the lower sealing device; the pressure transmitting pipeline is made of steel pipe, and the processing cost and material cost are very low.

[0971] The method of applying pressure to a component using a pressure transmitting device includes the following steps:

[0972] (1) Adhere the isolation tube 2012 to the pressure transmitting line 31 together with adhesive;

[0973] (2) Connect the lower end of the pressure transmitting line 31 to the threaded hole A103 of the upper sealing plate of the component as shown in FIG13;

[0974] (3) Fill the tube hole of the isolation tube 201 with the pressure transmitting medium 22 until a preset height is reached; during the filling process, a thin tube should be inserted into the bottom of the tube hole of the isolation tube to allow the upper surface of the pressure transmitting medium to gradually rise from bottom to top; prevent the pressure transmitting medium from adhering to the inner wall of the isolation tube above its upper surface;

[0975] (4) Fill the isolation tube 201 with a flowable isolation material; or, first fill the isolation tube with a flowable isolation material, and then place the cylinder into the tube hole of the isolation tube;

[0976] (5) Connect the H section (steel pipe H2 and upper sealing plate H1) to the pressure transmission pipeline 31;

[0977] (6) Insert a thin tube into the threaded hole in the upper sealing plate H1 and fill the H cavity with pressurizing medium water until the water flows out from the round hole;

[0978] (7) Connect one end of the pressurizing pipeline 11 to the round hole in the upper sealing plate H1 and the other end to the water pressure pump;

[0979] (8) Control the pressure in the pressurizing pipeline according to the designed pressurization rules;

[0980] (9) After the strength of the pressure transmission medium reaches the preset value, turn off the water pressure pump, remove the pressurizing pipeline, and then remove the pressure transmission pipeline 31 from the component;

[0981] (10) Fill the A03 hole of the component with high-strength cement-based material and grind the filled material smooth.

[0982] 《3.4.3.》 Example 3-3

[0983] Pressure is applied to the component shown in Figure 13 using the pressure transmitting device shown in Figure 25.

[0984] Part H includes an upper sealing device H1 and a steel pipe H2. The upper sealing device is provided with a pressure transmitting channel, and the pressure transmitting pipeline 11It is connected to it. A barrier device 201 is provided in the H cavity. The barrier device 201 includes a guide plate 2011, a barrier plate 2013, and a connecting column 2012. The barrier device is centrally symmetrical in cross-section. Below the barrier plate 2013 is the pressure transmission medium 22. There is a section of pressure transmission medium 22 and a section of pressurizing medium 21 in the gap on the side of the barrier plate. The pressurizing medium 21 is filled in a height range above and on the side of the barrier plate.

[0985] Preferably, the pressure transmission medium 22 is a cement-based material; preferably, the pressurizing medium is liquid paraffin or petroleum jelly. During the operation of the pressure transmission device, after installation and before pressurization, the contact surface between the pressurizing medium and the pressure transmission medium is on the same plane as the lower surface of the barrier plate; during pressurization, the contact surface between the pressurizing medium and the pressure transmission medium is within the gap range between the barrier plate and the inner wall of the steel pipe H2.

[0986] The technical effect analysis of the barrier plate in this embodiment is as follows. Some pressure-transmitting media have thixotropic properties. When they enter the gap on the side of the barrier plate, the pressure-transmitting media will generate a force that prevents the barrier plate from moving downward. During the downward movement of the pressure-transmitting media, the barrier device, and the pressurizing medium, the pressure-transmitting media attached to the inner wall of the steel pipe H2 will continuously be squeezed into the gap on the side of the barrier plate. If the barrier plate is very thick, the resistance will also be very large. After the pressure-transmitting media attached to the inner wall of the steel pipe H2 passes the upper surface of the barrier plate, due to the large gap between the connecting column and the inner wall of the steel pipe, there is a pressurizing medium between the attached pressure-transmitting media and the connecting column, and the attached pressure-transmitting media does not generate resistance to the barrier device. With the structure of the barrier device in this embodiment, this resistance can be adjusted by changing the thickness of the barrier plate. Instruction manual page 45 / 45 55 CN 121552506 A Figure 1 Figure 2 Instruction manual drawing page 1 / 20 56 CN 121552506 A Figure 3 Figure 4 Instruction manual drawing page 2 / 20 57 CN 121552506 A Figure 5 Instruction manual drawing page 3 / 20 58 CN 121552506 A Figure 6 Instruction manual drawing page 4 / 20 59 CN 121552506 A Figure 7 Instruction manual drawing page 5 / 20 60 CN 121552506 A Figure 8 Instruction manual drawing page 6 / 20 61 CN 121552506 A Figure 9 Instruction manual drawing page 7 / 20 62 CN 121552506 A Figure 10 Figure 11 Instruction manual drawing page 8 / 20 63 CN 121552506 A Figure 12 Instruction manual drawing page 9 / 20 64 CN 121552506 Figure 13 (Instruction Manual Attachment)Page 10 / 20, 65 CN 121552506 A, Figure 14, Instruction Manual Drawing; Page 11 / 20, 66 CN 121552506 A, Figure 15, Instruction Manual Drawing; Page 12 / 20, 67 CN 121552506 A, Figure 16, Instruction Manual Drawing; Page 13 / 20, 68 CN 121552506 A, Figure 17, Instruction Manual Drawing; Page 14 / 20, 69 CN 121552506 A, Figure 18, Instruction Manual Drawing; Page 15 / 20, 70 CN 121552506 A, Figure 19, Figure 20, Figure 21, Instruction Manual Drawing; Page 16 / 20, 71 CN 121552506 A, Figure 22, Instruction Manual Drawing; Page 17 / 20, 72 CN 121552506 A, Figure 23, Figure 24, Instruction Manual Drawing; Page 18 / 20, 73 CN 121552506 A, Figure 25. Figure 19 / 20 of the description, page 74 CN 121552506 A Figure 26 Figure 20 / 20 of the description, page 75 CN 121552506 A Abstract Abdominal ultrasound examination method, system and device HKP2620584 Title: Pressure Transmission Device and Method Abstract: A pressure transmission device comprising an H-shaped component, a pressure-transmitting medium, and a pressurizing medium, characterized by the following features: (1) the H-shaped component encloses a cavity, the surface of which is capable of withstanding pressure, and the H-shaped component is made of a solid material, and said cavity is referred to as H-cavity; (2) the pressure-transmitting medium and the pressurizingmedium are located within the H-cavity; (3) the pressure-transmitting medium is a flow-solid transition material, and the pressurizing medium is either a permanently flowable material or a flow-solid transition material; the permanently flowable material is characterized by maintaining fluidity throughout its service life; the flow-solid transition material is characterized by the ability to transition from a flowable state to a solid state; the time at which the flowable state of the flow-solid transition material used as the pressurizing medium ends is later than the time at which the flowable state of the flow-solid transition material used as the pressure-transmitting medium ends; (4) including a pressure-transmitting channel, which communicates with the region in the H cavity where the pressure-transmitting medium is located.

Claims

1. A pressure transmitting device, comprising a H section, a pressure transmitting medium, and a pressurizing medium, having the following characteristics: (1) The H portion surrounds a cavity, the surface of which can withstand pressure, and the H portion is made of solid material; the cavity is called the H cavity. (2) The pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are located in the H cavity; (3) The pressure transmitting medium is a fluid-solid conversion material, and the pressurizing medium is a long-term flowable material or a fluid-solid conversion material; The long-term flowable material is characterized in that it remains fluid throughout its service life. The fluid-solid conversion material is characterized in that it can change from a flowable state to a solid state. The end time of the flowable state of the fluid-solid conversion material used as a pressurizing medium is later than the end time of the flowable state of the fluid-solid conversion material used as a pressure transmitting medium. (4) It has a pressure transmission channel, which is connected to the area where the pressure transmission medium is located in the H cavity.

2. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, When both the pressure-transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state, if the volume of the pressurizing medium increases, at least one of the following will occur: (1) The pressure-transmitting medium increases its own pressure. (2) A portion of the pressure-transmitting medium flows out of the H cavity through the pressure-transmitting channel.

3. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the operation of the pressure transmitting device, there exists at least one time period during which one of the following three characteristics (A, B, and C) is present. (1) The feature A is, a. Both the pressure-transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state; b. Compressive stress exists both inside the pressure-transmitting medium and the pressure-applying medium; (2) Feature B is, a. The pressure-transmitting medium is in the process of solidification, while the pressurizing medium is in a flowable state; b. Compressive stress exists both inside the pressure-transmitting medium and the pressure-applying medium; (3) The feature C is, a. The pressure-transmitting medium is in a solid state, while the pressurizing medium is in a flowable state; b. Compressive stress exists both inside the pressure-transmitting medium and the pressure-applying medium.

4. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It is also equipped with a pressurization channel, which is connected to the H cavity.

5. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It has the following characteristics A and / or B: (1) The feature A is, The pressure transmitting medium includes at least one of the following: liquid, semi-solid, liquid-solid mixture, and semi-solid mixture; (2) Feature B is, The pressurizing medium includes at least one of the following: gas, liquid, semi-solid, gas-liquid mixture, liquid-solid mixture, and semi-solid mixture; (3) Among them, The semi-solid is a viscoplastic material with very low yield stress. When it is in a suitable shape and volume, it can support its own weight and maintain a relatively stable shape. When the shear stress it bears exceeds its yield stress, it undergoes shear deformation. The gas-liquid mixture is a mixture of gas and liquid; The liquid-solid mixture is a mixture of liquid and solid particles and / or solid powder; The semi-solid mixture is a mixture of semi-solids with solid particles and / or solid powders.

6. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It has one of the following three characteristics: (1) The surface of the H cavity is entirely the surface of the H cavity matrix; (2) The entire surface of the H cavity is a separation layer surface; (3) The H cavity surface includes the separation layer surface and the part of the H cavity substrate surface that is not covered by the separation layer; in, The surface of the H-cavity substrate is the surface of the inner wall of the H section, and the inner wall material is integral with the H section; The separation layer has the following characteristics: (a) the separation layer can prevent the fluid-solid conversion material in the H cavity from directly contacting the surface of the H cavity matrix during the solidification process, so as to prevent the fluid-solid conversion material from bonding together with the H part after solidification; (b) the separation layer is conducive to separating the solidified fluid-solid conversion material from the H part.

7. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It has feature A and feature B: (1) The feature A is, It must have at least one of the following three characteristics, (1.1) There is a separator between at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressure transmitting medium and at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressurizing medium, the separator separating the two boundary surfaces; the separator includes a separator device and / or a separator material, the separator device and the separator material being solid; (1.2) There is a flowable insulating material between at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressure transmitting medium and at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressurizing medium, the flowable insulating material separating the two boundary surfaces; The flowable insulating material has fluidity; (1.3) At least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressure transmitting medium overlaps with at least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressurizing medium, and the overlapping portion is called the contact surface; (2) Feature B is, (2.1) No part of the boundary surface of the pressure-transmitting medium overlaps with the surface of the H cavity; and / or (2.2) At least a portion of the boundary surface of the pressure-transmitting medium overlaps with the surface of the H cavity.

8. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, in The H cavity contains at least cavity 1 and cavity 2, and cavity 1 and cavity 2 have the following characteristics: (1) There is a separator between cavity 1 and cavity 2, so that the flowable medium in cavity 1 cannot enter cavity 2, and the flowable medium in cavity 2 cannot enter cavity 1; the separator includes a separator device and / or a separator material, and the separator device and the separator material are solid; (2) When the volume of the cavity 1 changes, the size and / or shape of the separator changes; and / or, when the volume of the cavity 2 changes, the size and / or shape of the separator changes; (3) The cavity 1 is a pressure-transmitting cavity, which is filled with a pressure-transmitting medium, and the pressure-transmitting channel is connected to the cavity 1; the cavity 2 is a pressurizing cavity, which is filled with a pressurizing medium.

9. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 8, characterized in that, During at least a certain period of time during the operation of the pressure transmitting device, the cavity 1 is one of the following: a Class A surface cavity, a Class B surface cavity, or a Class C surface cavity; (1) The characteristic of the Class A surface cavity is that the cavity surface is a Class A surface; The characteristic of the Class A surface is that the entire surface F of the cavity is the surface of the isolation device, excluding any part of the surface of the H cavity. (2) The characteristic of the Class B surface cavity is that the cavity surface is a Class B surface; The Class B surface has the following characteristics I and II. (a) The feature I is, The surface F of the cavity includes surface F1 and surface F2. Surface F1 belongs to the surface of the isolation device, and surface F2 belongs to the surface of the H cavity. (b) Feature II is, In the surface of the cavity, the area of ​​surface F2 is... Less than The area of ​​surface F1; (3) The characteristic of the Class C surface cavity is that the cavity surface is a Class C surface; The Class C surface has the aforementioned feature I and the following feature III; The characteristic III is, The area of ​​surface F2 in the cavity Greater than or equal to The area of ​​surface F1.

10. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The isolation device is one of the following: Type 1 isolation device, Type 2 isolation device, or Type 3 isolation device; (1) The type 1 isolation device includes at least two components, each component has a certain rigidity, and each component has a fixed shape during operation; when the volume of cavity 1 and / or cavity 2 changes, at least two adjacent components will move relative to each other; (2) The type 2 isolation device includes a thin layer of material; when the volume of cavity 1 and / or cavity 2 changes, at least one of the following conditions occurs. (a) The thin-layer material expands and contracts. (b) The thin-layer material bends. (c) The shape of the surface of the thin-layer material changes; (3) The type 3 isolation device includes a G1 part and a G2 part; the G1 part includes one or more components, each component having a certain rigidity and a fixed shape; the G2 part is made of a thin-layer material; when the volume of the cavity 1 and / or the cavity 2 changes, at least one of the following conditions occurs. (a) When the number of components in the G1 section is greater than or equal to 2, at least two adjacent components move relative to each other; (b) The thin layer of material in section G2 expands and contracts; (c) The thin layer of material in section G2 is bent; (d) The shape of part of the surface of G2 changes.

11. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The type 3 isolation device has features I and II, or has the following features I and III: (1) The feature I is, The G1 portion has an internal region, which is the area surrounded and / or enclosed by the G1 portion; (2) Feature II is, During the process of volume change in the internal region of the isolation device, at least for a certain period of time, all or most of the G2 part is not in the internal region of the G1 part. (3) Feature III is, During the process of volume change in the internal region of the isolation device, at least for a certain period of time, the following characteristic is that all or most of the G2 part is located in the internal region of the G1 part.

12. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The type 2 or type 3 isolation device includes a section of pipe, the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe hole can be varied, and both ends of the pipe are fixed to part H; A pressure transmission channel communicating with one end of the pipe hole is provided, or pressure transmission channels communicating with both ends of the pipe are provided respectively.

13. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least one exists in the H cavity. Dual-flow contact surface ; The dual-flow contact surface has the following characteristics: the media above and below the contact are referred to as the upper medium and the lower medium, respectively, and the upper medium and the lower medium are in a flowable state for at least a certain period of time during the operation of the pressure transmission device.

14. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 13, characterized in that, The upper and lower media at the dual-flow contact surface are immiscible; immiscibility means having one of the following four characteristics. (1) The lower medium includes liquid, and the upper medium includes liquid; Regardless of whether the lower medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, and regardless of whether the upper medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, the liquid in the upper medium is not soluble in the liquid in the lower medium, and the liquid in the lower medium is not soluble in the liquid in the upper medium. (2) The lower medium includes liquids, and the upper medium includes semi-solids; Regardless of whether the lower medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, and regardless of whether the upper medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, the semi-solids in the upper medium do not dissolve in the liquid of the lower medium; (3) The lower medium includes semi-solids, and the upper medium includes liquids; Regardless of whether the lower medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, and regardless of whether the upper medium includes solid powder and / or solid particles, the semi-solid in the lower medium does not dissolve in the liquid in the upper medium; (4) The lower medium is a semi-solid, or a mixture of semi-solid and solid powder and / or solid particles; the upper medium is a semi-solid, or a mixture of semi-solid and solid powder and / or solid particles. If a semi-solid in the lower medium is directly mixed with a semi-solid in the upper medium without the presence of solid powder or particles, the two will separate into layers or form an inhomogeneous mixture.

15. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 14, characterized in that, The upper medium and the lower medium of the dual-flow contact surface are compatible, and the compatibility is either Class I or Class II. (1) The Level I adaptability includes, a. Both the upper and lower media are in a flowable state; b. The upper and lower media do not react chemically; c. The upper medium and the lower medium are immiscible; d. The specific gravity of the lower medium is greater than that of the upper medium; (2) The Level II adaptability includes, a. Both the upper and lower media are in a flowable state; b. The upper medium and the lower medium are immiscible; c. The specific gravity of the lower medium is greater than that of the upper medium; d. The upper medium and the lower medium undergo a chemical reaction, but the effects of the chemical reaction have the following two characteristics: (i) before the pressure transmission device stops working, the reactants of the upper medium and the lower medium are near the contact surface, and the distribution range meets the preset requirements; (ii) the reactants do not hinder the downward movement of the upper medium and the lower medium.

16. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 15, characterized in that, There is only one dual-flow contact surface in the H cavity, which is denoted as S0; the medium above and the medium below the dual-flow contact surface S0 are compatible; the dual-flow contact surface S0 is a type A contact surface or a type B contact surface; (1) The type A contact surface has the following characteristics. The medium above the contact surface S0 is the pressurizing medium, and the medium below the contact surface S0 is the pressure transmitting medium; (2) The type B contact surface has the following characteristics. The medium above the contact surface S0 is the pressure transmission medium, and the medium below the contact surface S0 is the pressurization medium.

17. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 15, characterized in that, There are two dual-flow contact surfaces in the H cavity, namely dual-flow contact surfaces S1 and S2; the upper medium and the lower medium of the dual-flow contact surface S1 are compatible, and the upper medium and the lower medium of the dual-flow contact surface S2 are compatible; the dual-flow contact surfaces S1 and S2 have feature C or feature D. (1) The feature C is, The medium below contact surface S1 is a pressure-transmitting medium, and the medium above contact surface S1 is a flowable insulating material; the medium below contact surface S2 is a flowable insulating material, and the medium above contact surface S2 is a pressurizing medium. (2) The feature D is, The medium above the contact surface S1 is a pressure-transmitting medium, and the medium below the contact surface S1 is a flowable insulating material. The medium above the contact surface S2 is a flowable insulating material, and the medium below the contact surface S2 is a pressurized medium; The flowable insulating material has fluidity.

18. The pressure transmitting device according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that, There are no spacers in cavity H.

19. The pressure transmitting device according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that, A solid isolation device is installed in cavity H, which divides cavity H into cavity 1 and cavity 2, but the two cavities are connected. The cavity 1 has one of the following characteristics. (1) The dual-flow contact surface S0 and the media above and below it are both located in the cavity 1; (2) The dual-flow contact surface S1 and the media above and below it are both in the cavity 1; and / or, the dual-flow contact surface S2 and the media above and below it are both in the cavity 1.

20. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 19, characterized in that, The solid isolation device includes a section of pipe, the upper end of which is a connecting channel between cavity 1 and cavity 2; when the pressure transmission device is in operation, the axis of the pipe is parallel to the direction of gravity, or the included angle is less than 30°.

21. The pressure transmitting device according to claim 20, characterized in that, A barrier device is placed in the pipe section to reduce the contact area between the medium below the barrier device and the medium above the barrier device; there is a gap between the side of the barrier device and the inner wall of the pipe, and the medium below the barrier device and / or the medium above the barrier device can squeeze into the gap.

22. A kit for assembling a pressure transmitting device as described in any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that, It has the following characteristics A and B, or it has characteristics A and C: (a) Feature A is, The kit includes at least one of the following three items. (1) Each component material of a pressure-transmitting medium in its own packaging or in its own packaging. The various constituent materials are mixed to form a pressure-transmitting medium; (2) Individually packaged pressurized media or each component material of individually packaged pressurized media, The various constituent materials are mixed to form a pressurized medium; (3) Individually packaged flowable barrier material or each component material of an individually packaged flowable barrier material. The various constituent materials are mixed to form a flowable insulating material; (ii) Feature B is, The kit may include a separate H portion, or a separate H portion and a separate separator; (iii) Feature C is, The kit includes, (1) The separated HG portion; The HG portion includes the following components and / or materials connected together: (a) at least a portion of the components of the H portion, and (b) at least a portion of the components and / or at least a portion of the materials of the separator. (2) Separate components in section H that are not included in section HG; If all components in part H are connected to part HG, then there are no components in part H that are not included in part HG. (3) The separator does not contain any separate components and / or materials included in the HG section; If all components and / or materials of the isolator are connected to the HG section, then there are no components and / or materials in the isolator that are not included in the HG section.

23. A dual-chamber device comprising an H portion and a spacer; characterized in that, (1) The H portion surrounds a cavity, the surface of which can withstand pressure, and the H portion is made of solid material; the cavity is called the H cavity. (2) At least two cavities, 1 and 2, with the following characteristics exist in the H cavity: (3) There is a separator between cavity 1 and cavity 2, so that the flowable medium in cavity 1 cannot enter cavity 2, and the flowable medium in cavity 2 cannot enter cavity 1; the separator includes a separator device and / or a separator material, and the separator device and separator material are solid; (4) When the volume of the cavity 1 changes, the size and / or shape of the separator changes; and / or, when the volume of the cavity 2 changes, the size and / or shape of the separator changes; (4) It has a channel 1 that communicates with the cavity 1.

24. The dual-chamber device according to claim 23, characterized in that, During at least a certain period of time during the operation of the dual-cavity device, cavity 1 is one of the following: a Class A surface cavity, a Class B surface cavity, or a Class C surface cavity; (1) The characteristic of the Class A surface cavity is that the cavity surface is a Class A surface; The characteristic of the Class A surface is that the entire surface F of the cavity is the surface of the isolation device, excluding any part of the surface of the H cavity. (2) The characteristic of the Class B surface cavity is that the cavity surface is a Class B surface; The Class B surface has the following characteristics I and II. (a) The feature I is, The surface F of the cavity includes surface F1 and surface F2. Surface F1 belongs to the surface of the isolation device, and surface F2 belongs to the surface of the H cavity. (b) Feature II is, In the surface of the cavity, the area of ​​surface F2 is... Less than The area of ​​surface F1; (3) The characteristic of the Class C surface cavity is that the cavity surface is a Class C surface; The Class C surface has the aforementioned feature I and the following feature III; Feature III is that, in the surface of the cavity, the area of ​​surface F2 is... Greater than or equal to The area of ​​surface F1.

25. The dual-chamber device according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that, The isolation device is one of the following: Type 1 isolation device, Type 2 isolation device, or Type 3 isolation device; (1) The type 1 isolation device includes at least two components, each component has a certain rigidity, and each component has a fixed shape during operation; when the volume of cavity 1 and / or cavity 2 changes, at least two adjacent components will move relative to each other; (2) The type 2 isolation device includes a thin layer of material; when the volume of cavity 1 and / or cavity 2 changes, at least one of the following conditions occurs. (a) The thin-layer material expands and contracts. (b) The thin-layer material bends. (c) The shape of the surface of the thin-layer material changes; (3) The type 3 isolation device includes a G1 part and a G2 part; the G1 part includes one or more components, each component having a certain rigidity and a fixed shape; the G2 part is made of a thin-layer material; when the volume of the cavity 1 and / or the cavity 2 changes, at least one of the following conditions occurs. (a) When the number of components in the G1 section is greater than or equal to 2, at least two adjacent components move relative to each other; (b) The thin layer of material in section G2 expands and contracts; (c) The thin layer of material in section G2 is bent; (d) The shape of part of the surface of G2 changes.

26. A method for applying pressure to a medium in a closed cavity using a pressure transmitting device, characterized in that, (i) The pressure transmitting device is as described in any one of claims 1 to 21; at least one of the following is present in the closed cavity: a flowable medium, a solid medium, and a fluid-solid conversion medium; the fluid-solid conversion medium is a fluid-solid conversion material. (ii) The method includes the following steps. (P1) Connect the pressure transmission channel of the pressure transmission device directly to the closed cavity, or connect it to the closed cavity through a pressure transmission pipeline; (P2) Apply pressure to the pressurizing medium using the self-expanding device in the pressure transmission device, or apply pressure to the pressurizing medium in the pressure transmission device using a pressurizing device.

27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that, The enclosed cavity is cavity A of the composite structural component; The component includes a portion A surrounding a cavity and a portion B existing within the cavity, the cavity being referred to as cavity A; portion A is solid, and the surface of cavity A is capable of withstanding pressure; the material of portion B is a fluid-solid conversion material.

28. As described in claim 27, characterized in that, There exists at least one time period corresponding to the component and the pressure transmitting device, during which one of the following characteristics I to V is present: (1) The feature I is, The pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state; The material in part B of cavity A of the component is in a flowable state, and there is compressive stress inside part B. (2) The feature I is, The pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state; The material in part B of cavity A of the component is in the process of solidification, and there is compressive stress inside part B; (3) Feature III is, The pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium are in a flowable state; The material in part B of cavity A of the component is in a solid state, and there is compressive stress inside part B. (4) The feature IV is, The pressurized medium is in a flowable state; In the cavity A of the component, the material of part B is in a solid state, and there is compressive stress inside part B; During the solidification process, the pressure-transmitting medium in cavity A of the component experiences compressive stress. (5) The feature V is, The pressurized medium is in a flowable state; Both the materials and the pressure-transmitting medium in Part B are in a solid state; Compressive stress exists in cavity A of the component, inside part B, and inside the pressure-transmitting medium.

29. A method for manufacturing a pressure transmitting device, characterized in that: The device is as described in any one of claims 1 to 28.

30. A method for manufacturing a single-cavity pressure transmission device, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (S1) Obtain the H portion, which surrounds a cavity, the surface of which can withstand pressure, and the H portion is made of a solid material; the cavity is called the H cavity. (S2) Fill the H cavity with the pressure-transmitting medium; (S3) Fill the H cavity with pressurized medium; in, The H section has a pressure transmission channel, which is connected to the area where the pressure transmission medium is located in the H cavity; the H section also has a pressurization channel, which is connected to the area where the pressurization medium is located in the H cavity. The order of steps (S2) and (S3) can be changed.

31. The manufacturing method according to claim 30, characterized in that, There is a contact surface between the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium, and it has the following characteristics: (1) The specific gravity of the pressure transmitting medium is greater than that of the pressurizing medium, the pressure transmitting medium is located below the contact surface, and the pressurizing medium is located above the contact surface; or, (2) The specific gravity of the pressurizing medium is greater than that of the pressure transmitting medium, the pressurizing medium is located below the contact surface, and the pressure transmitting medium is located above the contact surface.

32. The manufacturing method according to claim 30, characterized in that, It has the following characteristics A and B, or it has the following characteristics A and C: (1) The feature A is, A flowable insulating material is also present in the H cavity, and the flowable insulating material is located between the pressure transmitting medium and the pressurizing medium; (2) Feature B is, The pressure-transmitting medium has a higher specific gravity than the flowable insulating material, and the flowable insulating material has a higher specific gravity than the pressurizing medium; the pressure-transmitting medium is located below the flowable insulating material, and the pressurizing medium is located above the flowable insulating material; (3) The feature C is, The pressurizing medium has a higher specific gravity than the flowable insulating material, and the flowable insulating material has a higher specific gravity than the pressure transmitting medium; the pressurizing medium is located below the flowable insulating material, and the pressure transmitting medium is located above the flowable insulating material.

33. The method for manufacturing the dual-cavity pressure transmission device is selected from the following methods I to III: (a) Method I includes the following steps. (1) Obtain the H portion and the separator; (2) Assemble the components and separators of section H together; After assembly, cavity 1 and cavity 2 exist in cavity H; (3) Fill cavity 1 in cavity H with pressure-transmitting medium; (4) Fill cavity 2 in cavity H with pressurized medium; (ii) Method II includes the following steps. (1) Obtain the H portion and the separator; (2) Connecting some components of part H with at least some components and / or at least some of the insulating material in the separator to form intermediate component 1, said intermediate component 1 containing cavity 1; (3) Fill the cavity 1 with a pressure-transmitting medium; (4) Connect the intermediate component 1 to the remaining components of the H section and / or the remaining separators; (5) Fill the cavity 2 with pressurized medium; (iii) Method III includes the following steps. (1) Obtain the H portion and the separator; (2) Connecting some components of part H with at least some components and / or at least some of the insulating material in the separator to form intermediate component 2, said intermediate component 2 containing cavity 2; (3) Fill the cavity 2 with pressurized medium; (4) Connect the intermediate component 2 to the remaining components of the H section and / or the remaining separators; (5) Fill the cavity 1 with the pressure transmission medium. (iv) Among them, The H portion is a solid; The separator is solid, including separator devices and / or separator materials; The flowable medium in cavity 1 cannot enter cavity 2, and the flowable medium in cavity 2 cannot enter cavity 1; When the volume of cavity 1 changes, the size and / or shape of the separator changes; when the volume of cavity 2 changes, the size and / or shape of the separator changes. In the fabricated dual-cavity pressure transmission device, there is a pressure transmission channel communicating with cavity 1 and a pressurization channel communicating with cavity 2.

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