Multi-zone multi-target system

Abstract

A multi-target system includes i) one or more light sources capable of generating one or more high intensity light beams each having a wavelength bandwidth of less than 100 nm, ii) a spatial array generator system that acts on the one or more high intensity light beams to produce a first spatial array of light and a second spatial array of light, and iii) a controller comprising circuitry for controlling the light source, the spatial array generator system, or both. The first spatial array of light is for projection into a first zone of interest (ZOI) and the second spatial array of light is for projection into a second ZOI.

Description

MULTI-ZONE MULTI-TARGET SYSTEMCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to, and any other benefit of, U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 606,610, entitled MULTI-ZONE MULTI-TARGET SYSTEM, filed December 6, 2023, the entire disclosure of which is fully incorporated herein by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The following invention relates to visual or imaging disruption devices in a multitarget system for security and protection purposes.BACKGROUND

[0003] Intense light, in particular laser light, is disruptive to many imaging systems, and as such, has been used effectively in many arenas. Laser light devices or dazzlers have been used to deter intruders and enemy combatants through visual disruption, and to disable hostile electronic imaging systems that such intruders or enemy combatants may be using on their person or that may be mounted on a hostile device or weapon and operated remotely. Such sensors are often present on manned or unmanned vehicles (land, sea, air, or space) which may carry weapons, reconnaissance equipment, troops, or the like. Disabling the hostile target may involve direct disruption or destruction of an imaging device or sensor system used by the hostile person / device.

[0004] However, it can be difficult to precisely point a laser “gun” towards a target’s eyes or a small imaging device, especially if it is on a fast-moving target so that sufficient (disabling) energy is imparted. This generally requires complex and expensive tracking equipment. The situation becomes even more difficult when threats exist in multiple zones or areas at once, e.g. a swarm of drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Another complication is that friendly forces may be intermixed with hostile targets and there is a risk of collateral damage to non- hostile persons and equipment caused by high intensity light.

[0005] These devices also require a projection system that will collimate and direct the beam with precise controls in order to alter the divergence of the beam depending on the distance from the target, movement of the target, and the like. Because of their need for accuracy in the exact location of the target, it is often difficult and complex to operate these devices to effectively disable a hostile whose exact eye location is unknown.

[0006] Generally, the problem is that it is not always possible to know the exact position of an intruder’s eye or electronic imaging system, and it is difficult to precisely point a laser “gun” at a moving target. The situation becomes even more complex when threats exist in multiple zones or areas at once.

[0007] Another drawback of single beam laser dazzlers is their high power and risk to bystanders. Traditional dazzlers rely on the divergence of the single beam to uniformly illuminate an area, and as a result require high power lasers to achieve the requisite intensity (i.e., power / unit area or W / cm2) when the target is some distance away. This makes dazzlers dangerous for anyone who walks into the path of the beam at a distance that is too close to the beam. To reduce the risk, dazzlers are required to have shut-off mechanisms to protect against accidental exposure, which again can make these devices complex to make and operate. This also limits their use in mixed environments where hostile elements and innocent bystanders coexist (e.g., in mixed combat environments, riots or protests, where enemy combatants use civilians as human shields, or similar situations) where the intention is to temporarily disrupt or deter without causing irreversible harm.

[0008] Recently, there has been a sharp increase in the number of drones and similar unmanned devices being used for surveillance, spying, or monitoring of activities, both in the commercial space as well as during military operations. Removing such drones has proven difficult because they can easily avert capture, they cannot be destroyed because of the danger of the drone itself, or its payload, dropping out of the sky causing damage, injury, or death. One solution to the problem is to interfere with the function of the sensor, camera, etc. on the drone but it is often difficult to target the drone’s sensor from a distance.

[0009] Thus, there remains a need for a device that is easy to operate and that can cover one or more areas to deter or disable multiple targets (intruders or hostile devices). There is also a need for a device that is safer to use and lowers the risk of damage from exposure to the light beams.SUMMARY

[0010] The present disclosure includes a variety of aspects, which may be selected in different combinations based upon the particular application or needs to be addressed.

[0011] A multi-target system includes i) one or more light sources capable of generating one or more high intensity light beams each having a wavelength bandwidth of less than 100 nm,ii) a spatial array generator system that acts on the one or more high intensity light beams to produce a first spatial array of light and a second spatial array of light, and iii) a controller comprising circuitry for controlling the light source, the spatial array generator system, or both. The first spatial array of light is for projection into a first zone of interest (ZOI) and the second spatial array of light is for projection into a second ZOI.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0012] FIGS. 1A and IB are schematic drawings of disruption systems and their use according to some embodiments.

[0013] FIG. 1C is a schematic illustration of a multi-target defense system according to some embodiments.

[0014] FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing showing various components for producing first and second spatial arrays of light according to some embodiments.

[0015] FIGS. 3 A and 3B are schematic drawings showing various components for producing first and second spatial arrays of light according to some embodiments.

[0016] FIGS. 4 A and 4B are schematic drawings showing various components for producing first and second spatial arrays of light according to some embodiments.

[0017] FIGS. 5A and 5B are schematic drawings showing various components for producing first and second spatial arrays of light according to some embodiments.

[0018] FIG. 6 is a schematic drawing showing various components for producing first and second spatial arrays of light according to some embodiments.

[0019] FIG. 7 is a schematic drawing showing various components for producing first and second spatial arrays of light according to some embodiments.

[0020] FIG. 8 is a schematic drawing of a multi-target system and its use according to some embodiments.

[0021] FIG. 9 is a schematic drawing of a multi-target system according to some embodiments.

[0022] FIGS. 10A - 10C are schematic drawings illustrating various properties of a spatial array of light according to some embodiments.

[0023] FIGS. 11A 11D are graphs illustrating light intensity distribution of array light elements according to some embodiments.

[0024] FIGS. 12A - 12F are schematic drawings illustrating various patterns of a spatial array of light according to some embodiments.

[0025] FIG. 13 is a schematic drawing showing a divergence modifying element acting on a spatial array of light according to some embodiments.

[0026] FIGS. 14A - 14D are schematic drawings illustrating various views of a spatial array of light as a function of pattern divergence angle according to some embodiments.

[0027] FIGS. 15A - 15E are schematic drawings illustrating various views of a spatial array of light as a function of projection direction according to some embodiments.

[0028] FIG. 16A is a drawing of a drone equipped with a multi-target system attached via a gimbal mount according to some embodiments.

[0029] FIG. 16B is a schematic drawing of the multi-target system of FIG. 16A according to some embodiments.

[0030] FIGS. 17A and 17B are schematic drawings illustrating various views of a multitarget system projecting various spatial arrays of light into corresponding zones of interest.

[0031] FIG. 18 is a schematic drawing showing various components for producing first and second spatial arrays of light according to some embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Definitions

[0033] Beam Elements (BE) - the light beams that emerge from the optical element (OE) in the spatial array (e.g., 21-1, 21-2-, 21-3, 25-1, 25-2, 25-3, etc. in FIG. 1A). The term “array light element(s)” may be used interchangeably herein with the terms “array beam element(s)” or “beam element(s)” or “BE”.

[0034] Beam Element Divergence (BED) - the divergence of each beam element, which may be the same as, or different from, the divergence of other beam elements within the same spatial array.

[0035] High Intensity Light Beam (HILB) - the light beam emitted from the light source.

[0036] HILB-D - Divergence of the High Intensity Light Beam (HILB) before it encounters the OE.

[0037] Optical Element (OE) - An OE is an element that alters a physical property of the light beam, e.g., divergence, collimation, coherence, direction, number of beams, or the like. In some embodiments, the OE is an element that transforms a single light beam into a pattern oflight characterized by two or more light array elements that are spatially or temporally separated, i.c., into a spatial or temporal array of beams. In some examples, an OE may be characterized as a “multi-beam OE” (MBOE) or a “light redirection OE” (LROE). In other examples, the OE is a lens, a TIR, a divergence modifying element ,or any element that alters at least one property of a light beam.

[0038] Spatial array - refers to an array or pattern of two or more separate light beams with different spatial (direction / location) properties, formed by separate light sources or by an OE. A spatial array may be a multi-beam spatial array or a temporal spatial array. A spatial array may be characterized as having an array pattern.

[0039] Multi-beam spatial array - an array of two or more separate light beams that may be formed in a variety of ways, e.g., from one or two light sources. In some examples, an MBOE is used to form an array. In other examples, there may be two or more separate light sources that form the array. The MBOE may, for example, include a diffractive OE, a microlens array OE, or some other beam splitting optical element.

[0040] Temporal Spatial Array - an array of two or more light beams formed by redirecting a single light beam as function of time, e.g., by rastering the light. For example, the beam at first time ti has a first spatial property (first light beam) and the beam at a second time t2 has a second spatial property (second light beam) that is different from the first spatial property. A temporal spatial array may be produced by moving the light source itself or by using an LROE. The LROE may, for example, include one or more moveable mirrors, moveable lenses, or variable refractive index devices or the like. In some embodiments, the temporal spatial array is formed by two or more light elements made to have temporal variation in intensity, irradiance or be pulsed or strobed, or by any combination of the above.

[0041] ZOI - Zone of Interest -the region or envelope of space (zone) where the spatial array can be projected into or onto to create a desired effect. In some instances, the desired effect is to effectively disrupt an imaging system, e.g., a visual or electronic sensor imaging system. To “effectively disrupt” depends on the situation. In some cases, with respect to a visual imaging system, it may mean to at least cause a temporary distraction to a person or animal. In some cases, with respect to a sensor imaging system, it may mean to at least temporarily cause the sensor to provide a signal that is incomplete, corrupted, or inaccurate in some way. In other cases, the desired effect may be to “paint” or illuminate a target that enters the ZOI. “Painting atarget” is a common military phrase meaning that one is marking a specific target for destruction, (or some other purpose). Painting a target may sometimes be referred to as “laser designation” or “laser guidance”. For example, laser-guided missiles work by painting the target with a laser that the missile then follows.

[0042] In the case where the device is used to effectively disrupt an operational system of a Target of Interest (TOI), e.g., a visual or sensor imaging system, a sensor system, or any system that aids the TOI to carry out its intended hostile mission. An effective disruption of an operational system by a spatial array is one that directly or indirectly degrades the TOI’s ability to carry out a task or perform its mission (recon, discharge of weapons, return to base, or the like). In some embodiments, the TOI is illuminated by the spatial array so that another defense system component (a weapon, a tracking device, or the like) may act against the TOI.

[0043] The ZOI may have different dimensions depending on the use case and the type of HILB used. For example, in the case where a laser source is used to temporarily disrupt the vision of a person entering the ZOI, the spatial array properties may be set with reference to accepted illuminance threshold data are shown in Table 1 below which are based on ANSI Z136.6 (American National Standards Institute, 2005).

[0044] Table 1

[0045] In addition, the design and operation of the system will be affected by parameters set out for eye-safety such as Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance (NOHD ), Nominal Ocular Dazzle Distance (NODD), Maximum Dazzle Exposure (MDE), Hazard Distance (HD) and / or the desired or particular visual effect (e.g., a ZOI may include the zone between the NOHD and a distance where the visual effect is no longer seen). The MDE was introduced for quantifying the threshold laser irradiance below which a given target can be detected. The NODD was introduced to calculate the minimum distance from a laser system for the visual detection of a target. Williamson and McEin provide detailed description of NODD in APPLIED OPTICS, Vo. 54, No. 7, (March 1, 2015), pp 1564 - 1572, the entire contents of which arc incorporated byreference herein for all purposes. The NOHD is the distance from the source at which the intensity or the energy per surface unit becomes lower than the Maximum Permissible Exposure (M.P.E.) on the cornea and on the skin. Different laser safety standards may be used to calculate NOHD, such as the American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (e.g., the most recent version of ANSI Z136.1 or similar standard, the International Electrotechnical Commission for safety of laser products (e.g., the most recent version of IEC 60825-1 or similar standard), and I or the International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines. However, it is contemplated that other methods or formulae may be used to calculate the safe distance from source in order to ensure eye-safety using the devices contemplated herein, which may not be present in ANSI, IEC or ICNIRP standards today but may be calculated and accepted in due course.

[0046] Power is the energy delivered per unit of time and may be expressed as watts (W) or milliwatts (mW). In the case of a pulsed light source such as a pulsed laser, power can be the peak power or the average power as known in the art.

[0047] Irradiance is the radiant flux (power) received by a surface per unit area. The SI unit of irradiance is watt per square meter (W / m2). Here, irradiance of a beam is often expressed as mW / cm2.

[0048] Intensity, or more accurately, radiant intensity, is defined as the flux or power per unit solid angle emitted by an optical component into a given direction. Mathematically it can be expressed aswhere Ch is the power emitted into the solid angle Q.

[0049] Multi-Target Defense System

[0050] In various embodiments, the multi-target defense system is used synonymously with multi-target system, depending on the application and outcome of the operation of the device, includes as a key component a light projection system. In either case, the system includes a spatial array generator system to produce first and second spatial arrays of light. As discussed in more detail below, the spatial array generator system may include an optical assembly having one or more optical elements for producing a spatial array that may be a multi-beam spatial array or a temporal spatial array. In some embodiments, the spatial array generator system may include a movable stage to which a light source is mounted. The movable stage may be used to redirect light as a function of time to form a temporal spatial array.

[0051] FIGS. 1A and IB are schematic illustrations of multi-target systems according to some embodiments. The multi-target system can operate to cause imaging disruption. Herein, the term “imaging disruption” generally refers to either or both the disruption of biological visual systems (which may include the eye of a human or animal and / or the processing of visual images in the brain of the human or animal) or the disruption of electronic systems such as cameras, light sensors or the like.

[0052] FIG. 1A shows multi-target system 10 that includes an optional housing 11 containing various components. One or more light sources 13 generates one or more high intensity light beams (HILB) 15, each having a wavelength bandwidth of less than 100 nm. The HILB 15 is received by optical assembly 17 (which may be part of a spatial array generator system) that includes at least one optical element (“OE”) 19 that alters the characteristics of the HILB to produce a first spatial array 21 to project into a first zone of interest (ZOI) 23 and a second spatial array 25 to project onto a second ZOI 27. The first spatial array 21 is made up of first array light elements, e.g., 21-1, 21-2, and 21-3. Similarly, the second spatial array 25 is made up of second array light elements, e.g., 25-1, 25-2, and 25-3. Note that the term “array light element(s)” may be used interchangeably herein with the terms “array beam element(s)” or “beam element(s)” or “BE(s)”. Although the figure shows three light elements for each array, there may be as few as two or as many as tens, hundreds, or thousands of such light array elements. In some embodiments, the multi-target system may include components to produce three or more spatial arrays of light. As discussed later, any number of possible array patterns may be formed.

[0053] In some embodiments, the first spatial array 21 may be a multi-beam spatial array such that first array light elements 21-1, 21-2, and 21-3 are concurrently formed and projected into ZOI 23 at the same time. The OE 19 may be a multi-beam OE (“MBOE”) and may include, for example, a diffraction OE, a microlens array OE, or some other beam-splitting or beam shaping optical element.

[0054] In some embodiments, the first spatial array 21 may instead be a temporal spatial array formed by redirecting a single light beam as function of time, e.g., by rastering a singlebeam element. For example, a moving beam element at first time ti has a first spatial property corresponding to light array clement 21-1. Similarly, a moving beam element at a second time t2 has a second spatial property (different from the first spatial property) corresponding to light array element 21-2, and the beam at a third time ts has a third spatial property (different from the first or second spatial property) corresponding to light array element 21-3. The time intervals between ti and t2 or between t2 and t3 may be the same or different. The time interval duration may be any length, but in some embodiments, the time interval may be less than 100 sec, alternatively less than 10 sec, 1 sec, 0.1 sec, 0.01 sec, or even less than 0.001 sec. In some embodiments, the temporal spatial array may be characterized by a sweep time for the beam element to move across at least one dimension of the ZOI (e.g., left to right, up to down, or some other dimension). The sweep time may be any length, but in some embodiments, the sweep time may be less than 100 sec, alternatively less than 10 sec, 1 sec, 0.1 sec, 0.01 sec, or even less than 0.001 sec. In some embodiments, a moving beam element may be produced by a light redirection OE (LROE) as discussed later.

[0055] Similarly, the second spatial array 23 may be a multi-beam spatial array or a temporal spatial array.

[0056] In some embodiments, for example shown in FIG. IB, multi-target system 100 includes an optional housing 101 containing various components. One or more light sources 103 generates one or more high intensity light beams (HILB) 105, each having a wavelength bandwidth of less than 100 nm. The HILB 105 is received by optical assembly 110. Optical assembly 110 (which may be part of a spatial array generator system) includes at least a first OE 112 and a second OE 114. In some embodiments, a single intense light beam 105 may be split or optically redirected so that both the first and second OEs receive light either concurrently or alternately from this single light beam. In other embodiments (described later), the light source may produce multiple HILBs. It should be noted that “light source”, as used herein is a general term used to describe one or more sources of light which may, or may not, be similar. For example, a light source can be a single source (e.g., a laser diode, an LED, or the like), or a source of multiple HILBs (e.g., two or more laser diodes, LED’s or other sources of light) and is a term used for convenience of description.

[0057] In the example of FIG. IB, the first OE 112 produces a first spatial array of light 122 for projection into a first ZOI 142 and the second OE 114 produces a second spatial array oflight 124 for projection into a second ZOI 144. First spatial array 122 is made up of first array light elements, c.g., 122-1, 122-2, and 122-3. Similarly, the second spatial array 124 is made up of second array light elements, e.g., 124-1, 124-2, and 124-3. Although FIGS. 1A and IB show three light elements for each spatial array, there may be as few as two or as many as tens, hundreds, or thousands of such light array elements depending on use-case requirements and the OE and HILB characteristics. In FIG. IB only two OEs are shown but also contemplated herein are embodiments where the multi-target system may include components to produce three or more spatial arrays of light. As discussed with reference to FIG. 1 A, the first and second spatial arrays, 122 and 124, may be independently selected as a multi-beam spatial array or as a temporal spatial array. It is also contemplated that the system can transition from a first spatial array to a second spatial array by “switching” from one to the other or by gradually transitioning from one to the other in a smooth or stepwise fashion.

[0058] Although not shown in FIGS. 1 A or IB, one or more additional OEs may be placed in the path of one or more light array elements to further split or redirect the light. Further, an OE may be coupled to a movement mechanism that makes the OE movable in one or more dimensions or even rotatable. In some embodiments, moving the OE may allow for the array to be redirected or otherwise altered to further deter threats in a ZOI.

[0059] The HILB, OE(s), and / or controller may be selected and adjusted so that the properties of each spatial array of light projected into its respective ZOI are effective at warning or deterring threats or hostile elements. The properties of each spatial array may include, but are not limited to, the array pattern, pattern size, pattern divergence, pattern uniformity, and the characteristics of each beam element (intensity, energy, wavelength, beam divergence, and the like). In some embodiments, the spatial array properties are selected to cause effective imaging disruption of the threat or hostile element in the ZOI. In some embodiments, the multi-target system may cover three or more ZOIs.

[0060] It should be noted that the first and second ZOIs are not necessarily two- dimensional areas, but may represent volumes of space, and the rectangular areas shown may represent a cross-sectional portion of each volume. The first and second ZOIs are represented as simple rectangles in FIGS. 1A and IB, but there is no particular limitation on the possible shapes of the ZOIs. For example, a ZOI may have a conical, cylindrical or box-like (rectangular) shape based in part on the optics and other properties of the multi-target system. Although shown asseparated, there may be partial or complete overlap of the first and second ZOIs (or additional ZOIs). A complete overlap occurs when a smaller ZOI is within a larger ZOI. In some embodiments, the first and second ZOIs are different in one or more ways, e.g., with respect to size, shape, area of coverage, or position relative to the multi-target system 10, 100. The nature of the threat (person, animal, drone, weapon, etc.) in the first ZOI may be the same as or different from the threat in the second ZOI.

[0061] The multi-target system 10, 100 further includes a controller 30, 130 having circuitry for controlling light source 13, 103, optical assembly 17, 110, or both. The controller may optionally power the light source, optical assembly, or both. As described later, the multitarget system may include other features or components that may optionally be in communication with controller 30, 130.

[0062] A temporal spatial array may not necessarily require an optical assembly or optical element, and instead, the spatial array generator system may include a movable stage that redirects the HILB itself. FIG. 18 is a schematic of a disruption system according to some embodiments. Multi-target system 1800 includes an optional housing 1801 containing various components. A light source 1803-1 generates at least one high intensity light beam (HILB) 1805- 1 having a wavelength bandwidth of less than 100 nm that is projected into a first ZOI 1823. The light source 1803-1 may be mounted to a movable stage 1810 (which may be part of a spatial array generator system) capable of redirecting the HILB 1805-1 to form a temporal spatial array 1821 including light array elements 1821-1 (formed at time ti), 1821-2 (formed at time ti), and 1821-3 (formed at b). The stage 1810 and light source 1803-1 may be controlled by a controller 1830. The movable stage may be capable of redirecting the HILB in at least one dimension, alternatively two dimensions, alternatively three dimensions. The movable stage may be operated by use of motors, MEMS devices, piezoelectric devices, or some other magnetic or electromagnetic devices.

[0063] The multi-target system 1800 also includes light source 1803-2 that generates at least one high intensity light beam (HILB) 1805-2 having a wavelength bandwidth of less than 100 nm that is projected into a second ZOI 1827. In some embodiments, light source 1803-2 may be the same light source as 1803-1 that has been repositioned to access the second ZOI. Alternatively, light source 1803-2 may be a second light source operated independently of 1803- 1. Light source 1803-2 may be mounted to movable stage 1810 (which may be part of a spatialarray generator system) capable of redirecting the HTLB to form a temporal spatial array 1825 including light array elements 1825-1 (formed at time ti’), 1825-2 (formed at time ti’), and 1825-3 (formed at time t3’). In embodiments where the light source 1803-2 is a second light source, the movable stage may be the same as that used for light source 1803-1, or it may be a second movable stage (not shown here) separate from movable stage 1810. In some embodiments, an optical component such as a lens, mirror, or filter may be placed in the path of the HILB to further redirect or modify the spatial array. In some embodiments, a multi-target system may include a combination of features shown in FIGS. 1A, IB, and / or FIG. 18. For example, a movable stage may raster the HILB onto an OE that further redirects, splits, or modifies the spatial array in some way. In some cases, the OE may move position relative to the HILB (incident distance, incident angle, OE rotation, or the like). In some embodiments, a multibeam spatial array may include a temporal component whereby the multi-beam spatial array properties (direction, intensity, pattern, or the like) changes as a function of time. In some embodiments, an MBOE may have light redirection capability.

[0064] In some embodiments, the light projection system may not directly disrupt a TOI but may instead (or in addition) illuminate the TOI so that another defense system component may act on the illuminated target. FIG. 1C is a schematic illustration of a multi-target defense system according to some embodiments. The multi-target defense system may include a light projection system 100c, which may be similar to any of the light projection systems described herein. The multi-target defense system may further include a tracking system 150 or a weapon system 160 or both. Light from the spatial arrays may reflect off of the target (i.e., paint the target) and be used as a tracking signal or a guidance beacon for a weapon. In this example, a first spatial array 122c reflects off TOI 143c as reflected signal light 122R and is received by tracking system 150. A second spatial array 124c reflects off TOI 145c as reflected signal light 124R and is received by weapon system 160. Although any type of spatial array light may be used to paint the target, in some cases, the spatial array 122c or 124c includes infrared laser light.

[0065] For example, the tracking system 150 may be equipped with sensors that identify reflected signal light 122R. The light projection system 100c and tracking system 150 may share data by communication link 170, which may be wired or wireless. The tracking system 150 may calculate various metrics relating to target 143c (distance, location, speed, size, or the like). Some of these calculations may in part be determined by data received from the light projectionsystem. The light projection system may receive information from the tracking system to adjust some properties of the spatial array.

[0066] In some embodiments, a weapon system 160 may be equipped with sensors that identify reflected signal light 124R. For example, weapon system 160 may be an armed missile that uses the reflected signal light as a guidance beacon to intercept TOI 145c. In some cases, weapon system 160 and light projection system 100c may share data via communication link 174 to aid in guiding the weapon and properly illuminating the target by the second spatial array. In some embodiments, the weapon system 160 might not directly track the target but receive information from a separate tracking system such as tracking system 150 via communication link 172. In some embodiments, the light projection system may be provided on a mobile platform (discussed elsewhere herein). For example, the mobile light projection system may act as a scout or spy in hostile territory and paint a target of interest with the spatial array. In some cases, painting the target allows identification of exact GPS coordinates of the target so that a weapon system may fire upon that GPS coordinate.

[0067] Many types of weapon systems may be used besides armed interceptor missiles / rockets. For example, the weapon may be a suicide drone, or include a high-power laser, a jamming signal generator (e.g., to jam radar, communications, GPS, or the like), launchable shrapnel-forming explosives, a gun, or any other weapon that can destroy or interfere with the operation of a TOI. The components of the multi-target defense system (e.g., the light projection system, the tracking system, the weapon system, or some other component) may be airborne, ground based, sea based, space based, or some combination. Similarly, the multi-target defense system components may be individually selected to be mobile or stationary, automated or manually operated, or mounted or hand-held.

[0068] The multi-target defense system may be designed so that “friendly” vehicles / craft / persons that may also be present in the ZOI are identified. For example, the nature of the reflected signal light from a friendly object may readily identify the object as not a target of interest. Alternatively, the friendly object may have a transmitter or a light beacon of its own that can be sensed by a tracking system or weapon system (or an operator of such systems) to determine that it is not a target of interest.

[0069] The TOI may be nonstationary or have the ability to be nonstationary. A TOI may be a person or persons (such as military troops) or may be an inanimate object being used forhostile purposes. Some non-limiting examples of inanimate TOIs may include manned or unmanned vehicles, which may be air-borne, ground-based, water-based, space-based, or a combination. When unmanned, it may be autonomous or piloted remotely. Such inanimate TOIs may be armed or unarmed and / or may carry reconnaissance equipment, supplies, troops, or the like. Some nonlimiting examples of TOIs may include airplanes, fighter jets, bombers, helicopters, gliders, balloons, unmanned aerial vehicles (“UAVs”), unmanned ground vehicles (“UGVs”), amphibious UGVs, unmanned water surface vehicles, unmanned underwater vehicles, drones, robots, automobiles, off-road vehicles, trucks, tanks, land combat vehicles, military transport vehicles, trains, boats, amphibious ships, aircraft carriers, spaceships, satellites... etc.

[0070] HILB

[0071] The light source(s) may produce one or more high intensity light beams (HILB). In some embodiments, the HILB may have a wavelength bandwidth less than 100 nm, alternatively less than 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 15, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 nm. In some embodiments, a light source may be one or more pulsed or continuous wave lasers. In some examples, a light source may include one or more Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), superluminescent diodes, or laser- or LED-pumped phosphor devices (including but not limited to those described in US Patent Publication No. 2021 / 0215319, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein for all purposes). Alternatively, a light source may be a xenon, mercury, or other high intensity lamp whose light output is sent through a color filter element to produce the desired bandwidth and optionally through collimating lenses. In some embodiments, a light source may include a GaN-, GaAs-, or InP-based laser or diode. A combination of light sources may optionally be used. In some embodiments, the light source can produce other nonintense light beams as well as intense light beams. In some embodiments, the light source can produce one or more light beams having a wavelength bandwidth of 100 nm or higher in addition to producing one or more light beams having a wavelength bandwidth of less than 100 nm.

[0072] In some embodiments, the HILB has a wavelength that is within the visible range of 400-700 nm, e.g., a blue light having a peak wavelength range 400-500 nm, a green light having a peak wavelength range of 500-580 nm, or a red light having a peak wavelength range 580-700 nm. In some embodiments, the HILB has a wavelength that is outside the visible range, e.g., an ultraviolet light having a peak wavelength range 310-400 nm or an infrared light (IR) includinglight having a peak wavelength range 700-1300 nm (near IR), or having a peak wavelength range 1,300 nm to 3,000 nm (mid IR), or having a peak wavelength range 3,000 nm to 1 mm (far IR). In some embodiments, the light source itself produces such wavelengths, but alternatively, the desired wavelength can be produced by up-converting or down-converting the light source light.

[0073] In some embodiments, two or more high intensity beams of light (HILBs) are produced by the light source(s) each having the same or different characteristics such as intensity, power, wavelengths, bandwidth, beam profile, beam divergence, etc. For example, infrared light may be used to produce spatial arrays that deter intruders using night vision goggles or similar imaging devices by overloading or confusing their infrared sensors. Visible light may be used to disrupt the visual system of a person or animal, or to disrupt or overload a conventional CCD or CMOS camera sensor. In some embodiments, the spatial array may disrupt the ability of a sensor to accurately employ facial recognition technology or other image sensor systems. Ultraviolet light may also disrupt visual or electronic imaging systems. There is no particular limit to combinations. In some embodiments, the HILB may be coupled to optical components to assist in directing the light to an intended OE such as lenses, mirrors, TIR elements, light guides or the like.

[0074] There is no particular limitation on the power of the intense light beam. In embodiments, the power may be in a range of less than 1 mW, 1-5 mW, 5-10 mW, 10-50 mW, 50-100 mW, 100-500 mW, 500 mW-lW, 1-2 W, 2-3 W, 3-4 W, 4-5 W, 5-6 W, 6-7 W, 7-8 W, 8- 9 W, 10-100 W, 100 W - 1 KW, or any combination of these ranges, or alternatively greater than 1 KW. Other non-limiting characteristics of the HILB and BE include beam profile, divergence, or the like, and each can be different or chosen to conform to a desired range.

[0075] In some embodiments, the HILB may be made to have temporal variation in intensity I irradiance or be pulsed to enhance its effectiveness. In some embodiments, pulsed lasers may vary output at a rate between 7 Hz and 20 Hz, e.g., by varying the input current. In some embodiments, it is possible to vary the power or intensity or irradiance of a beam by altering the power (voltage / current) driving it to achieve a variable source or various effects.

[0076] Optical Elements

[0077] In some embodiments employing an OE, the OE receives the HILB and produces the desired spatial array of light which may be projected into a respective ZOI. That is, the OE transforms a single light beam into a pattern of light characterized by two or more light arrayelements that are spatially separated. As discussed, some OEs are multi-beam OEs (“MBOEs”) that produce a multi-beam spatial array whereas some OEs arc light redirection OEs (“LROEs”) that may be used to produce a temporal spatial array.

[0078] A number of technologies are available for producing a multi-beam spatial array of light using MBOEs. In some embodiments, a diffractive optical element (DOE) may be used, e.g., simple diffraction gratings, binary phase gratings such as Dammann gratings, and which may be reflective or transmissive in nature. In some embodiments, the MBOE includes one or more prismatic beam splitter to divide the light into two or more light elements. In some embodiments, the MBOE includes a microlens array. In some cases, the MBOE can be a composite or combination of a transmissive diffractive optics and a reflective surface.

[0079] In come embodiments, the MBOE may include a liquid crystal (LC)-based diffractive of other optical element that can act to produce one or more special arrays. Additionally, some LC filters or optical elements are electronically switchable and responsive to an applied voltage and can change the quality, quantity, divergence, or other characteristics of the Spatial Array or Beam Elements upon application of a voltage.

[0080] In some embodiments, an LROE may include one or more moveable mirrors, moveable lenses, or variable refractive index devices. The LROE may be capable of redirecting the HILB in at least one dimension, alternatively two dimensions, alternatively three dimensions. The movable elements may be operated by use of motors, MEMS devices, piezoelectric devices, or some other magnetic or electromagnetic devices. In some cases, an LROE may include or use MEMS mirror technology that may be similar to that used in laser projectors.

[0081] In some embodiments, a single OE (MBOE or LROE) can produce one or more spatial arrays from a single HILB where the spatial array characteristics are altered by altering the HILB’s characteristics such as bandwidth of the beam, duration, beam profile, intensity, irradiance, power, divergence, coherence, wavelength, angle of incidence or the like. In some embodiments, one HILB is altered. In other embodiments, two or more HILBs are used with a single OE to produce different spatial arrays.

[0082] In other embodiments, more than one OE is used. Depending upon the desired application, the first OE may be the same or different from the second OE. When they are the same, in some embodiments, there may still be a difference in the two spatial arrays with respect to different array properties or BE properties (e.g., power, irradiance, wavelength, zonecoverage, or some other feature). Various patterns and other properties of the spatial array are discussed in detail later.

[0083] There are numerous possible configurations of light sources with the OEs that may be used to produce the desired spatial arrays. A few non-limiting examples are discussed below. Unless otherwise noted or clear from context, the OEs discussed below may be MBOE type or LROE type.

[0084] In some embodiments, a single HILB may be split into two intense beams which are received (concurrently or separated in time) by the first and second OEs. For example, FIG. 2 is a schematic showing light source 203 generating HILB 205. HILB 205 is first received by beam splitter assembly 206 to form first light beam 205-1 and second light beam 205-2. An optical assembly 210 includes a first OE 212 that receives light beam 205-1 to form a first spatial array of light 222 and a second OE 214 that receives light beam 205-2 to form a second spatial array of light 224. In some embodiments, the beam splitter assembly 206 may include a beam splitter 261 that allows some light to pass as light beam 205-1, but reflects a portion towards reflector 262 which redirects the light as light beam 205-2. Beam splitter 261 may, for example, be a halfsilvered mirror or a plate beam splitter having a dielectric mirror. Alternatively, beam splitter 261 may be a non-polarizing or polarizing beam splitter cube. Reflector 262 may, for example, be a mirror or a prism or some other optical feature that can redirect the light. Not shown, instead of using a plate beam splitter or cube beam splitter, the beam splitter assembly may include a fiber-optic beam splitter. The foregoing is not an exhaustive list of beam splitters which are known in the art and generally any type of beam splitter may be used. The characteristics (e.g., power, intensity, irradiance, divergence, beam profile, or the like) of light beam 205-1 and 205-2 may be the same or different, and while still having high intensity or irradiance for use in the multi-target system, these intensities / irradiances are necessarily less than the intensity I irradiance of HILB 205. In some embodiments (not shown), one or more shutters, filters, lenses, diffractive elements, or other light- modifying devices may be provided between light beams 205-1 and 205-2 and their respective OEs in order to provide some independent control of light for each OE (irradiance, on / off frequency, or the like). Although shown as being adjacent in FIG. 2, OEs 212 and 214 may have disparate locations so long as the system includes appropriate mirrors, lenses, or the like to properly direct light beams 205-1 and 205-2 to OEs 212 and 214, respectively.

[0085] In some embodiments, a single HILB is used and its position relative to the first and second OEs may be changed so that the light is alternately received by the first and second OEs. That is, the first array of light is produced for a period of time (“on”) during which the second array of light is off, and then the relative position of the beam moved so that the second array of light is produced for another period of time (“on”) during which the first array of light is off. In some embodiments, the light source may be moved, or the OEs may be moved, or both. For example, FIG. 3A is a schematic showing light source 303 in a first position on stage 330 and generating HILB 305 that is received by first OE 312 in optical assembly 310 to produce the first spatial array of light 322. Dotted box 332 represents a second position for the light source not being used in this figure. The second OE 314 does not receive light beam 305 while light source 303 is in the first position. In FIG. 3B, light source 303 has moved from first position 331 to the second position where the second OE 314 receives light beam 305 to produce a second spatial array of light 324. In some cases, stage 330 may include electromechanical features to move the light source into the respective first and second positions. There is no particular’ limitation to the on / off times for each position other than any practical limitations of the stage. In some embodiments, the on / off state of the HILB or its relative movement between the two OEs can be timed to have a frequency that enhances the disruption effect, for example, imparting a strobing or alternating or periodicity to the pattern movement to cause enhanced disruption.

[0086] In some embodiments, the first OE and the second OE are provided on a common substrate and rotated or moved into position in front of the light beam 305 at the desired on / off profile. In some embodiments, light source 303 may pivot on the stage 330 to alternately direct light beam 305 to the first and second OEs. Although shown as being adjacent in FIGS. 3 A and 3B, OEs 312 and 314 may have disparate locations, e.g., in cases where the stage can reposition the light source accordingly and / or the system includes appropriate elements such as mirrors, lenses or the like to properly direct light beam 305 in the first and second positions to OEs 312 and 314, respectively.

[0087] In some embodiments, a single HILB may be temporally redirected so that light is received alternately by the first and second OEs. For example, FIG. 4A is a schematic showing light source 403 generating HILB 405. Light beams 405 are first received by redirection assembly 407 where, when set in a first position, produces redirected first light beam(s) 405-1. An optical assembly 410 includes a first OE 412 that receives light beam 405-1 to form a firstspatial array of light 422. In some embodiments, the redirection assembly includes an element such as a moveable reflector, c.g., an electromechanical mirror, in a first position 471-1 that allows light beam 405 to pass through the redirection assembly as light beam 405-1. In FIG. 4B, the redirection assembly 407 is set to second position to produce redirected second light beam(s) 405-2. Second OE 414 receives light beam 405-2 to form a second spatial array of light 424. In some embodiments, the moveable reflector is moved to a second position 471-2, which redirects light toward reflector 472 to produce light beam 405-2. Reflector 472 may, for example, be a mirror or a prism or some other optical feature that can redirect the light. In some embodiments, redirection assembly 407 includes one or more microelectromechanical (MEMS) mirrors. Although shown as being adjacent in FIGS. 4A and 4B, OEs 412 and 414 may have disparate locations so long as the system includes appropriate mirrors, lenses or the like to properly direct light beams 405-1 and 405-2 to OEs 412 and 414, respectively.

[0088] In some embodiments, an HILB may be temporally redirected using an electronic polarizing switch so that light is received alternately by the first and second OEs. For example, FIG. 5A is a schematic showing light source 503 generating HILB 505pl having a first polarization. Light beam 505pl is first received by a switchable waveplate 508, e.g., a liquid crystal device capable of controlling a polarization direction of the light. When waveplate or polarizer 508 is set to a first condition (508a), light beam 505pl passes through, maintaining its first polarization. Light beam 505pl is received by a polarizing beam splitter 509-1 which transmits the light as light beam 505-1 (transmitting polarization pl). An optical assembly 510 includes a first OE 512 that receives light beam 505-1 to produce a first spatial array of light 522. In FIG. 5B, the switchable waveplate 508 is set to second condition (508b) to produce light beam 505p2 having a second polarization. Light beam 505p2 is received by the polarizing beam splitter 509-1 which reflects the light having polarization p2 to chamber 509-2, which in turn reflects the light again to produce light beam 505-2. Second OE 514 receives light beam 505-2 to form a second spatial array of light 524. Chamber 509-2 has the function of reflecting the beam of light it receives and can be a mirror, a dichroic mirror, a polarizing beam splitter, a prism or any other element that performs the function of redirecting beam 505-p2. In some embodiments, light beam 505-2 retains the second polarization after being acted upon by chamber 509-2. Alternatively, chamber 509-2 may cause light beam 505-2 to change or randomize its polarity. Although shown as being adjacent in FIGS. 5A and 5B, OEs 512 and 514 may have disparatelocations so long as the system includes appropriate mirrors, lenses or the like to properly direct light beams 505-1 and 505-2 to OEs 512 and 514, respectively.

[0089] In some embodiments, a light source may produce multiple HILBs that are received by the first and second OEs. For example, FIG. 6 is a schematic showing light source 603 generating first HILB 605-1 and second HILB 605-2. The properties of the first and second HILBs may be the same or different. In some embodiments, the first and second light beams may be independently controlled. An optical assembly 610 includes a first OE 612 that receives light beam 605-1 to produce a first spatial array of light 622. The optical assembly 610 further includes a second OE 614 that receives light beam 605-2 to produce a second spatial array of light 624. Although shown as being adjacent in FIG. 6, OEs 612 and 614 may have disparate locations so long as the light source or system includes appropriate features such as mirrors, lenses or the like to properly direct light beams 605-1 and 605-2 to OEs 612 and 614, respectively.

[0090] In some embodiments, multiple light sources may be used to generate multiple HILBs that are received by the first and second OEs. For example, FIG. 7 is a schematic showing a first light source 703-1 that generates first HILB 705-1 and a second light source 703-2 that generates second HILB 705-2. The properties of the first and second light beams (e.g., wavelength, power, irradiance, divergence, on / off times, and the like) may be the same or different. In some embodiments, the first and second light beams may be independently controlled. An optical assembly 710 includes a first OE 712 that receives light beam 705-1 to produce a first spatial array of light 722. The optical assembly 710 further includes a second OE 714 that receives light beam 705-2 to produce a second spatial array of light 724. Although shown as being adjacent in FIG. 7, OEs 712 and 714 may have disparate locations so long as the light sources are properly aligned, or the system otherwise includes appropriate features such as mirrors, lenses or the like, to properly direct light beams 705-1 and 705-2 to OEs 712 and 714, respectively.

[0091] In some cases, the first light source and its respective first OE may be remote from the second light source and its respective second OE. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, there is shown a multi-target system according to some embodiments. Multi-target system 800 includes an optional housing 801 which contains various components. A first light source 803-1 generates HILB 805-1. Light beam 805-1 is received by first optical subassembly 810-1 which includes atleast a first OE 812 that produces a first spatial array of light 822 made up of first array light elements, e.g., 822-1, 822-2, and 822-3. The multi-target system further includes a second light source 803-2 that generates second HILB 805-2. The light beam 805-2 is received by second optical subassembly 810-2 which includes at least a second OE 814 that produces a second spatial array of light 824 made up of second array light elements, e.g., 824-1, 824-2, and 824-3.

[0092] The properties of the first spatial array of light 822, e.g., the array pattern, energy, wavelength, divergence, and the like, are selected for projection into a first ZOI 842 to deter threats that may exist or move into that zone. Similarly, the properties of the second spatial array of light 824 are selected for projection into a second ZOI 844 to deter threats that may exist or move into that zone. In some embodiments, and as discussed later, the multi-target system may be provided on, or as pail of, a mobile platform. In some embodiments, the multi-target system 800 (or any multi-target system within the scope of the present disclosure) may rotate or move so that the first and second spatial arrays may be projected into additional ZOIs.

[0093] The multi-target system 800 further includes a controller 830 having circuitry for controlling first light source 803-1, second light source 803-2, first optical subassembly 810-1, or second optical subassembly 810-2, or any combination thereof. The controller may optionally power one or more of these elements. The first optical subassembly 810-1 and second optical subassembly 810-2 collectively form optical assembly 810.

[0094] Relevant to all the embodiments disclosed herein, the projected spatial arrays can be chosen to cover an area that gives various angular coverage, e.g., 180° or 360° coverage, in a side-to-side direction. If mounted on a drone, it can give various area coverage in front, in back, to the side, above or beneath the drone to cover various area shapes and directions, as desired. The area coverage may be enhanced by mounting the multi-target device on a gimbal and moving the gimbal, or by otherwise moving the imagine disruption device.

[0095] In some embodiments, the multi-target system may include multiple sets of light sources and OEs in various configurations, optionally independently controlled, to produce two or more spatial arrays of light for projection into numerous zones of interest. In some embodiments, two or more sets of light sources and OEs are contained as individually operated subassemblies.

[0096] FIG. 9 is a schematic of a multi-target system according to some embodiments. Multi-target system 900 includes first system subassembly 902a, second system subassembly902b, third system subassembly 902c, and fourth system subassembly 902d, each in communication with central controller 930 having circuitry for controlling various components of each subassembly. In some embodiments, each system subassembly may be operated independently of other system subassemblies. Not shown, each system subassembly may include further controllers and circuitry. In some embodiments, the controller(s) may optionally power various components within the subassembly. In some cases, each system subassembly (902a, 902b, 902c, 902d) may include a respective housing (901a, 901b, 901c, 901d), and a light source (903a, 903b, 903c, 903d) for generating one or more intense beams of light (905a, 905b, 905c, 905d) that is (are) received by optical subassembly (910a, 910b, 910c, 910d). Each optical subassembly includes one or more OEs for producing a spatial array of light. The first optical subassembly 910a may include a first OE 912 for producing a first spatial array of light 922 and a second OE 914 for producing a second spatial array of light 924. The second optical subassembly 910b may include a third OE 913 for producing a third spatial array of light 923 and a fourth OE 915 for producing a fourth spatial array of light 925. The third optical subassembly 910c may include a fifth OE 916 for producing a fifth spatial array of light 926 and a sixth OE 918 for producing a sixth spatial array of light 928. The fourth optical subassembly 910d may include a seventh OE 917 for producing a seventh spatial array of light 927 and an eighth OE 919 for producing an eighth spatial array of light 929. Each spatial array of light may be projected into a respective ZOI which may or may not overlap with another ZOI. There are no particular limitations on the selection of the components for use in each system subassembly. For example, any of the embodiments discussed with respect to FIGS. 2 - 7 may be independently selected for use in one or more of the system subassemblies. Alternatively, some other arrangement of light source(s) and optical subassembly may be used. In some embodiments, and as discussed later, the multi-target system may be provided on, or as part of, a mobile platform. In some embodiments, the multi-target system 900 may rotate or move so that the first and second spatial arrays may be projected into additional ZOIs.

[0097] Spatial Array

[0098] A wide variety of patterns and properties are available for each spatial array of light. By way of example, FIGS. 10A - 10C and 11 A - 1 ID illustrate some of the characteristics of a simple dot-matrix pattern. For clarity, an XYZ axis is also provided for each of FIGS. 10A, 10B, and 10C. FIG. 10A shows a cross-sectional schematic of a 7 x 7 dot matrix multi-beamspatial array 1022 having spatial array elements 1022-1, 1022-2, 1022-3...1022-7. The spatial array is produced by OE 1012 (an MBOE in this embodiment) that receives HILB 1005 having a first light characteristic^ e.g., power or irradiance. The power or irradiance of HILB 1005 is altered by the OE and somewhat divided between the various spatial array elements, and thus, each spatial array beam element (BE) of a multi-beam spatial array is characterized by a light power that is necessarily less than the first light power. The sum of the powers of all the spatial array beam elements (BEs) may be similar to the first HILB power, but in some embodiments, it is lower due to optical losses. As discussed later, the characteristics or properties of each beam element (BE) in a spatial array may be the same or different, and the different beam elements in an array need not be the same. For further characterization, the spatial array of light 1022 may be projected onto a surface 1040 at a predefined distance 1042. The projected spatial array of light 1022 is shown as FIG. 10B. Each spatial array BE 1022-1, -2, -3... -7. appears as a small circle or dot. Instead of circles, other shapes may be formed such as squares, stars, triangles, and the like. In this example, the spatial array may be characterized by numerous geometric properties, including but not limited to, size of each light element (e.g., diameter of the dot), diagonal pattern size “a”, diagonal pattern divergence angle “a”, lateral pattern size “b”, lateral pattern divergence angle “0”, vertical pattern size “d”, vertical pattern divergence angle “6”, dot spacing “c”, and dot-to-dot divergence angle “y”. Note that each pattern size or dot spacing measurement is a function of the predefined distance and the corresponding divergence angles. The pattern divergence (PD) angles are measured back to the OE position and are not a function of the predefined distance. Although FIG. 10B shows a very uniform spatial array, there can be asymmetry or non-uniform features.

[0099] In addition to pattern divergence (PD), each spatial array element may be characterized by its own beam element divergence (BED). For example, as shown in FIG. 10C, spatial array BE 1022-1 may widen further from the OE 1012 and may be characterized by a BED angle 1022-10. Pattern divergence (PD) and spatial array beam element divergence (BED) are often a function of the properties of light beam 1005, its HILB-D, its angle of incidence on OE 1012, and on the properties of the OE.

[0100] The light power and irradiance distribution across the spatial array may also be a function of the properties of HILB 1005, its HILB-D, its angle of incidence on OE 1012, and on the properties of the OE. For example, FIGS. HA - HD illustrate some simple non-limitingexamples of possible light power / irradiance distributions across seven (7) spatial array elements, c.g., 1022-1, -2, -3... -7 (FIG. 10B). In some embodiments as shown in FIG. HA, the relative light power / irradiance of each spatial array element is uniform across the array. In some embodiments, a uniform spatial array may be one where each spatial array element of the array may have a power / irradiance that is within 50% of the mean power / irradiance of all the spatial array elements, alternatively within 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, or 5%. In some embodiments, a uniform spatial array may be one where the relative standard deviation of the power / irradiance of all the spatial array elements is less than 25%, alternatively less than 20%, 15%, 10%, or 5%. In some cases when projecting a spatial array into a ZOI, it can be useful to have a relatively uniform set of array elements to deliver light having known properties to a potential target. However, less uniform power I irradiance profiles can also be useful and there are no limitations to the variation of BE properties in a spatial array. For example, an array profile may appear as in FIG. 1 IB where the BEs in the center portion (1022-3, -4, -5) have more power than outer portions (1022-1, -2, -6, -7). Alternatively, the center may show a dip in power as in FIG. 11C. In some cases, the intensity may be skewed toward one side as in FIG. 1 ID. Many other distributions are possible and may be effective.

[0101] It should be noted that in some cases, the OE may produce a few weak (lower power) satellite elements or light beams, but these are not considered part of the spatial array due to their low power (“non-array elements”). Such non-array elements may fall within the general area of the spatial array pattern or define the edge of the spatial array pattern or both. In some embodiments, a non-array element may have a power or irradiance that is less than 10% of the maximum intensity spatial array element, alternatively less than 5%, 2%, or 1%. In some embodiments, the average intensity of array light elements within the spatial array is within 50% of the maximum intensity of array light elements within the spatial array, alternatively within 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%.

[0102] As mentioned, the properties of the spatial array of light are selected to deter particular threats that may exist within a particular ZOI. There is no particular’ limitation on the intensity or irradiance of the array light elements in the ZOI, but in some embodiments, each array light element may have an irradiance in a range of 10‘2- 10"1mW / cm2, alternatively 10'1- 1 mW / cm2, alternatively 1 - 10 mW / cnr, alternatively 10 - 100 mW / cm2, alternatively 100 - 1000 mW / cm2, alternatively 1 - 10 W / cm2, alternatively 10 - 102W / cm2, alternatively 102- 103W / cm2, alternatively IO3- 104W / cm2, alternatively 104- 105W / cm2, alternatively IO5- 106W / cm2, or higher or any combination of ranges thereof. In some embodiments, an array light element may have an irradiance less than 10’5mW / cm2or greater than 10 W / cm2. In some embodiments, the irradiance in the ZOI is from O.lmW / cm2to 5 mW / cm2

[0103] The spatial array of light may take on many other patterns than that shown in FIG. 10B. A few additional non-limiting examples are provided in FIGS. 12A - 12F.

[0104] FIG. 12A shows a spatial array 1212A having another uniform pattern of spatial array light elements 1222A-1, -2, -3... etc. that are equally spaced, but relative to FIG. 10B, are offset.

[0105] FIG. 12B shows a spatial array 1212B having a pattern of spatial array light elements 1222B-1, -2... etc. Here the central elements are more closely spaced than the outer elements.

[0106] FIG. 12C shows a spatial array 1212C having a pattern of array light elements 1222C-1, -2... etc. This is similar to FIG. 10B, but the open dots (e.g., 1222C-1) represent array light elements having a first wavelength and shaded dots (e.g., 1222C-2) represent array light elements having a second wavelength of light.

[0107] FIG. 12D shows a spatial array 1222D having a random pattern of array light elements 1222D-1, -2, -3...etc. Not shown, a spatial array pattern may include both random and non-random portions.

[0108] FIG. 12E shows a spatial array 1212E having a pattern of array light elements 1222E-1, -2, -3...etc. These appear as spaced lines. Although spaced uniformly, the spacing, thickness, and / or length of the lines may vary across the array.

[0109] FIG. 12F shows a spatial array 1212F having a pattern of first array light elements that form a grid or a line matrix. Here, certain pattern elements are “connected” in a sense while others are not, e.g., along plane x-x, it is clear that array light elements 1222F-1, -2, -3... etc. are separated in space in this plane.

[0110] Other system features

[0111] In some embodiments, the optical assembly or system may include other elements that act upon light such as lenses, mirrors, prisms, light guides, attenuators, filters, collimators, polarizers, wave-plates or the like. For example, one or more of the other elements may be provided between the light source and the OE to collimate, shape, polarize, redirect or otherwisechange the profile of the intense beam of light. In some embodiments, one or more other elements may be provided to receive light from the OE in order to modify the spatial array in some way. For example, a lens or mirror may reshape the array or redirect the array. For example, FIG. 13 shows an embodiment where HILB 1305 is received by OE 1312 to produce a spatial array of light 1322 having array light elements 1322-1, -2, -3...etc. In a first region 1332, the spatial array is characterized by a first pattern divergence angle (PD1). A divergence modifying element 1330 receives the spatial array of light and acts to alter the divergence of the array pattern being projected (pattern divergence angle PD2). As shown in the present embodiment, the spatial array in the second region is characterized by a second pattern divergence angle that is less than the first pattern divergence angle. The divergence modifying element may include collimating optics, lenses, or the like. In some cases, this arrangement may increase the range of effectiveness of the spatial array for projection into ZOIs that are further away. In some embodiments, the divergence modifying element may also alter, e.g., reduce, the individual beam element divergence (BED) of the array beam elements. Alternatively, separate optical components may be introduced into the path of the spatial array to act on the light element beam in the ZOI.

[0112] In some embodiments, the divergence modifying element, or any other optical feature (e.g., lenses, mirrors, filters, shutters... etc.) in the path of the spatial array of light, may be adjustable so that the spatial array may be modified when projected into different portions of a ZOI or to compensate for an ZOI that may be changing relative to the position of the multi-target system. Such adjustable optical feature, if used, may be independently selected for each OE and may modify the spatial array pattern, pattern divergence, light element beam divergence, polarization, power, irradiance, intensity, on / off rate, or the like. In some embodiments, the adjustment may be based on information from the controller with respect to the presence or location of a targeted person or sensor in a ZOI.

[0113] In some embodiments, the optical assembly or other sub-system may include mechanisms or electronic elements that impart movement to the spatial array. For example, an OE, a lens, a mirror, the light source or some other relevant feature may be made to vibrate, turn, spin, or move in some way to alter the trajectory of the spatial array of light. In some embodiments, the spatial array may sweep its respective ZOI to cover the entire area or otherwise make it difficult for a target to avoid the deterring light. In some embodiments, themotion need not be coupled to any specific target tracking or aiming devices which are often expensive. The array may sweep from side to side, up and down, in a circular or elliptical motion, rotate about an axis, in a random pattern, or some other motion or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the motion of a first spatial array may be controlled independently of the motion of a second spatial array. In some embodiments, motion may be applied to the entire optical assembly as a unit. In some cases, the mechanism to control movement is linked to a detecting or sensing mechanism that provides one or more functions such as target recognition, target location, target classification, target velocity, target tracking, or the like.

[0114] A few non-limiting examples of how the spatial array may be shaped or moved are shown in FIGS. 14A - 15E. In FIG. 14A there is shown a multi-target system 1400 producing a spatial array of light 1422a having a first pattern divergence angle. For clarity, the details of the system 1400 are not shown, the individual array light elements are not labeled, and only one spatial array is illustrated. In this embodiment, the spatial array includes a 3 x 3 matrix of array light elements that are projected into ZOI 1442. An imaginary projection plane 1440 is also shown. FIG. 14B shows the spatial array of light 1422a projected onto the imaginary plane 1440 (the X-Z plane). In FIG. 14C, the pattern divergence angle of the spatial array is increased using methods previously described to produce a spatial array of light 1422b having a second pattern divergence angle that is greater than the first pattern divergence angle. FIG. 14D shows the spatial array of light 1422b projected onto the imaginary plane 1440. Spatial array 1422b may cover a larger portion of the ZOI, but the density of array light elements is reduced. Note that in some embodiments, the divergence angle may be ramped up and down between the first and second divergence angles to create motion in the array light elements. As mentioned, such motion may make it difficult for a target to avoid the deterring light beams. FIGS. 14C and 14D illustrate a substantial increase in pattern divergence angle relative to FIGS. 14A and 14B, but in some embodiments, the change in pattern divergence angle may be much smaller or may decrease instead of increase. Altering the pattern appearance or divergence as a function of time within a ZOI may be considered an embodiment of a “dynamic spatial array”.

[0115] In FIG. 15A there is shown a multi-target system 1500 producing a spatial array of light 1522a having a first projection direction and moved or swept to a second projection direction 1552b. Redirecting a spatial array as a function of time within a ZOI may beconsidered another embodiment of a “dynamic spatial array”. For example, the spatial array direction may be altered by one or more mechanisms that may move one or more lenses or mirrors in the path of the spatial array. For clarity, the details of the system 1500 are not shown, the individual array light elements are not labeled, and only one spatial array is illustrated. In this embodiment, the spatial array includes a 3 x 3 matrix of array light elements that are projected into ZOI 1542. An imaginary projection plane 1540 (the X-Z plane) is also shown. FIG. 15B shows the spatial array of light 1522 having a first position 1522a when projected in the first direction onto the imaginary plane 1540 and a second position 1522b when projected in the second direction onto the imaginary plane 1540. By altering the projection direction, a larger area of the ZOI may be covered. In some embodiments, the spatial array sweeps back and forth between the two projection directions as illustrated by the double arrow in FIG. 15B. As mentioned, many other motions may be used. For example, FIG. 15C shows the spatial array 1522a starting in a first position and is then scanned or rastered across the ZOI to a second position as spatial array 1522b. In FIG. 15D, the spatial array is moved in an elliptical pattern between a 1522a and 1522b. In FIG. 15E, the spatial array is rotated about its center point. Rotation may be full (360°) or partial (less than 360°), about a point other than the center, or periodically or randomly reversed in direction. Rotation may be combined with other motions such as sweeping or rastering. FIGS. 15A - 15E illustrate substantial change in the apparent position of the spatial array within the ZOI, but in some embodiments, the changes may be much smaller.

[0116] Not shown, the use of pattern divergence angle and projection direction may optionally be used together to produce a wide variety of spatial array patterns and motion, and which may further be combined with other properties such as irradiance, intensity, wavelength, pulse frequency, on / off cycles and the like.

[0117] As mentioned, a controller is in communication with the light source, the optical assembly or both. The controller may be in communication with systems external to the multitarget system whereby the controller may send or receive information or instructions to such external systems. The multi-target system may be manually controlled, autonomously controlled, remotely controlled, or operated through a mixture of two or more manual, autonomous, and remote control. The controller may be used to operate the light source (e.g., turning it on / off, power, wavelength selection, pulse frequency, position / orientation, motion... etc.), the OE(position / orientation, motion), other optical features (e.g., lenses, mirrors, filters or shutters, redirection assembly, the electronic switch assembly, or the like), the orientation of a system subassembly, on-board cameras, sensors, tracking devices, and practically any other component of the multi-target system. In some embodiments, the multi-target system or system subassembly may be mounted on a mobile or stationary device or platform where the mount is movable in one or more of planes (X, Y, Z) to reorient the system or system subassembly to better direct one or more spatial arrays to the intended ZOI. The controller may directly operate the mount orientation or be in communication with a separate control system that operates the mount orientation.

[0118] In some embodiment, the multi-target system includes, or is otherwise in communication with via the controller, one or more sensors or tracking devices that monitor the ZOIs. In some embodiments, one or more sensors may detect the presence of a person, drone, vehicle, robot...etc., in a ZOI and used as a trigger to activate the appropriate spatial array. In some cases, upon activation, the multi-target system runs a predetermined program for operation and projection of a spatial array into the ZOI. In some cases, the multi-target system may receive additional information from sensors or tracking devices that cause some change to the spatial array properties (direction, irradiance, intensity, divergence, movement... etc.) to more effectively deter the target. Some non-limiting examples of detectors include: motion detectors, range detector / finders, FLIR (forward-looking infra-red) and other laser systems for generating an image based on IT emission from a particular ZOI, LRR (laser range receiver), LST (laser spot tracker), thermal imaging systems, video cameras, GPS or other positioning systems, radar, wireless sensor arrays, or any number of known technologies to determine the presence and / or location of a target with a ZOI.

[0119] In addition to the detection, location and tracking of targets, sensors and / or tracking devices may be coupled to software (e.g., part of the multi-target system or part of a separate system in communication with the multi-target system) that may recognize or classify the target. Based on information acquired from sensors or tracking devices and associated software, the controller may receive or generate instructions for operation of the various components of the multi-target system.

[0120] Platform

[0121] In some embodiments, the multi-target system or system subassembly may be provided on, or incorporated into, a stationary platform. In some cases, the multi-target system or system subassembly is provided within a housing and mounted in place in a room, on a building, or on some other permanent or semi-permanent structure. In some embodiments, the housing and multi-target system may be relocated from time to time, but they are considered stationary, not mobile. The stationary platform may include a movable mount as described previously.

[0122] In some embodiments, the multi-target system or system subassembly may be provided on, or incorporated into, a mobile platform. In some cases, the multi-target or imaging disruption system or system subassembly is provided within a housing and mounted onto the mobile platform. The mobile platform not only supports multi-target system components, but may be designed so that the multi-target system may be used while in motion or quickly transported to various locations. For example, the platform may be a manned or unmanned vehicle, aircraft, sea vessel or any other type of mobile platform. When unmanned, it may be autonomous or piloted remotely. Such vehicles may be air-borne, ground-based, water-based, or a combination. Some nonlimiting examples of vehicles include airplanes, fighter jets, bombers, helicopters, gliders, balloons, unmanned aerial vehicles (“UAVs”), unmanned ground vehicles (“UGVs”), amphibious UGVs, unmanned water surface vehicles, unmanned underwater vehicles, drones, robots, automobiles, off-road vehicles, trucks, tanks, land combat vehicles, military transport vehicles, trains, boats, amphibious ships, aircraft carriers, spaceships, satellites... etc. The multi-target system components may be directly mounted to these vehicles, or some or all of the components may be provided as individual subassemblies that are attached to some portion of the vehicle. In some embodiments, the platform holding the light projection system may further include other defense system components such as a weapon system, sensors I cameras or tracking system.

[0123] In some embodiments, for example shown in FIG. I6A, multi-target system 1600 may be attached to drone 1651 (a mobile platform) via the gimbal mount 1654 and next to the drone’s video camera 1656. Alternatively, the multi-target system 1600 may be provided elsewhere on the drone so long as it does not interfere with the basic operation of the drone or multi-target system. FIG. 16A shows a gimbaled assembly but other variations without a gimbal may be used where the multi-target system is mounted directly below or above the body of a drone, or attached to its legs, or elsewhere. Referring also to FIG. 16B which is an internalschematic, multi-target system 1600 includes housing 1601 which may have an opening or a window 1642 that transmits the spatial arrays of light produced by optical assembly 1610 which in turn receives HILB 1605 from light source 1603. Optical assembly 1610 includes a first OE 1612 and second OE 1614. The optical assembly and light source configuration and operation may optionally be similar to embodiments described in FIGS. 2 - 7. Alternatively, a configuration similar to that shown in FIG. 18 may be used instead. The multi-target system may further include controller 1630 having circuitry for controlling light source 1603, optical assembly 1610, or both. The controller may optionally power the light source, optical assembly, or both. The subassembly may also include communications cable or port 1635 to interface controller 1603 with computer(s) or other components on board the drone 1651. In some embodiments, the optical assembly acts as the window, or alternatively, the OEs themselves may be positioned on the outermost portion of the optical assembly so that the arrays of light do not pass through a window. In some embodiments, the multi-target system may include one or more shutters to protect the opening or window 1642 of the system while not in use. In some cases, the multi-target system may include subsystems that clean the window, or include anti-weathering coatings that help maintain optical clarity of the window.

[0124] In some embodiments, a mobile platform may be a mobile platform that is carried by a person or animal. For example, the mobile platform may be part of a handheld device that houses the multi-target system. Alternatively, the mobile platform may be a weapon such as a gun or a taser, or a wearable item such as a helmet, a shoulder mount, an arm strap, a backpack, or another wearable item of some sort. In some embodiments, the multi-target system or system subassembly may be mounted on, or otherwise incorporated into, the weapon or wearable item.

[0125] There are no particular limitations regarding the size and weight of the multi-target system. In some embodiments, the sizes of the optical assembly, light source and controller may be made small in size and low in weight if so desired. Size and weight will depend on the particular applications, components and power input and / or output necessary to achieve the appropriate deterrence in the first and second ZOIs. In some embodiments, the multi-target system may have a mass of less than 10 kg, alternatively less than 1 kg.

[0126] In some embodiments, the multi-target system may be able to deter threats in numerous ZOIs of various sizes, positions and distances. A simple illustration of the 3- dimensional nature of the system’s deterrence capabilities is shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B. InFIG. 17A, there is a side view of multi -target system 1700 projecting various spatial arrays of light (1721, 1722, 1723, 1724, 1725, 1726) into corresponding ZOIs (1741, 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745, 1746). The ZOIs are at various distances and elevations relative to the multi-target system. A top view of the same multi-target system 1700 is shown in FIG. 17B. The multi-target system 1700 may be provided on, or otherwise incorporated into, a stationary platform or a mobile platform as previously described.

[0127] The ZOI may be as close as a few centimeters from the multi-target system or up to several kilometers away, depending upon the properties of the spatial array of light and the nature of the threat. In some cases, the areas or volumes of the ZOIs may partially or fully overlap. For example, a first spatial array may be projected into a first ZOI to deter a first threat, e.g., a hostile person, and a second spatial array may be projected into a second ZOI that partially or fully overlaps with the first ZOI to deter a second threat, e.g., a hostile vehicle. The properties of the spatial arrays may be different to handle different threats in overlapping ZOIs. In some cases, the second spatial array may be intended to deter a target that the first spatial array failed to deter, but with increased deterrence features (e.g., the intensity or irradiance of the spatial array radiation).

[0128] The multi-target system may be combined with other deterrent technologies that may be used to deter or stop threats. Such other deterrent technologies may include strobe lights, acoustic devices (e.g., to cause a loud sound to disorient an intruder or which may cause pupillary dilation and thus increase a target person’s vulnerability to the multi-target system), non-lethal weapons (e.g., pepper spray, tasers, tear gas... etc.), or even lethal weapons if necessary.

[0129] Target Considerations

[0130] In order to deter or stop an intruding threat in a ZOI, the corresponding spatial array operates to supply sufficient energy to disrupt the targeted imaging system (biological or electronic). In this section, reference to a “target” refers to the light gathering portion of the imaging system. The level of disruption should be sufficient to at least cause the threat to pause, slow or become disoriented. In general, the energy required to cause disruption will be function of the target itself, the desired level of disruption, the radiation wavelength of the array light elements reaching the target, the radiation intensity of each array light element reaching the target, and the integrated time that the array light element spends irradiating the target. Thedisruption energy may further be a function of the motion of the target (moving in and out of the spatial array light elements) or motion of the spatial array itself. Faster motion may cause more “hits” of the spatial array with the target, but each hit may be shorter in time, so there are numerous combinations of movement and BE power / irradiance that may achieve the desired disruption. Additional considerations may relate to whether the target is protected in some way by light filters or eyewear.

[0131] Delivering a spatial array having proper intensity of radiation or irradiance to the ZOI is further a function of the distance from the multi-target system, the intensity and irradiance of the HILB, properties of the OE, system optical losses, the spatial array pattern, pattern divergence, array light element beam divergence, power drop-off as a function of distance, and radiation absorption or dispersion by intervening atmospheric materials and particles.

[0132] When the imaging system target is a biological visual system of a person or animal, the spatial array properties may in some embodiments be selected not to permanently damage the intruder’s eye. Such considerations are discussed in detail in WO2019222723, which is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes. However, it is useful to discuss some of the various visual disruption factors and phenomena that may be associated with the visual system.

[0133] Visual Disruption Factors

[0134] ‘ ‘Visual disruption”, as used herein, means any disruption of vision that can inhibit, complicate or interfere with functional vision, and / or make target identification or localization more difficult, through the introduction of intense light in the field of view. Visual disruption includes photophobia or photosensitivity as visual discomfort and aversion, glare, flash blindness, startle and / or distraction. In some cases, the visual disruption may include disrupted binocular vision, for example, as described in US20220163297, which is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.

[0135] A fundamental function of the retina is to achieve clarity of visual images of objects. The retina processes light through a layer of photoreceptors. When an exposed light source is present in the field of view, the visibility of neighboring objects is disrupted due to the visual effects of laser exposure. Distraction / startle, glare / disruption, and flash blindness are all transitory visual effects associated with laser exposure.

[0136] “Photophobia” (discomfort and aversion) refers to a sensory disturbance provoked by light. The term “photophobia” (derived from the Greek words “photo” meaning “light” and“phobia” meaning “fear”) means, literally, “fear of light” and is a sensory state of light-induced ocular or cranial discomfort, and / or subsequent tearing and squinting.

[0137] “ Distraction” occurs when an unexpected bright light (e.g. laser or other bright light) distracts a person from performing certain tasks. A secondary effect may be “startle” or “fear” reactions.

[0138] “Glare” (sometimes called “dazzle”) refers to the temporary inability to see detail in the area of the visual field around a bright light (such as an oncoming car’s headlights). Glare is not associated with biological damage. It lasts only as long as the bright light is actually present within the individual’s field of vision. Laser glare can be more intense than solar glare and in dark surroundings, even low levels of laser light may cause significant vision disruption. Glare that disrupts vision is called disability glare. A subtype of glare, “disability glare” is primarily caused by the diffractions and scattering of light inside the eye due to the imperfect transparency of the optical components of the eye and to a lesser extent by diffuse light passing through the scleral wall or the iris. The scattered light overlays the retinal image, thus reducing visual contrast. This overlaying scattered light distribution is usually described as a veiling luminance.

[0139] “Flash blindness” is a temporary visual loss following a brief exposure to an abrupt increase in the brightness of all or part of the field of view, similar in effect to having the eyes exposed to a camera flashlight. It is a temporary loss of vision produced when retinal lightsensitive pigments are bleached by light more intense than that to which the retina is physiologically adapted at that moment. An “afterimage”, which moves with the eye, persists for several seconds to several minutes after the light source is turned off. This afterimage produces a temporary scotoma (blind spot) in the visual field in which targets are either partially or completely obscured. The time required for temporary flash blindness -induced scotomas to fade increases with the brightness and duration of the light insult. The time it takes before the ability to perceive targets returns depends on several factors, including target contrast, brightness, color, size, observer age, and the overall adaptation state of the visual system. Typically, complete dark adaptation of the visual system takes longer, e.g., 20 to 30 minutes, whereas adaptation to an environment of bright light is usually faster, e.g., completed within 2 minutes. So, under scotopic conditions (low light level or nighttime light levels), flash blindness will be most drastic and easiest to achieve.

[0140] “Disrupted binocular vision” may include visual disturbances that are the result of different optical stimuli (color, pattern, intensity, or a combination) in each eye. In some cases, the dissimilar stimuli cause confusion or headaches. For example, exposing one eye to red light and the other eye to blue light (or some other set of differing colors) may result in a discomfort or confusion over and above the disturbance caused in each eye individually. In some cases, disrupted binocular vision may include a distortion of depth perception such as by chromostereopsis. For example, a red image in one eye and a blue image in the other may be perceived as having different distances, thereby confusing or disorienting the person. Alternatively, spatially mismatched patterns or images in each eye (whether the colors is the same or different) may confuse a person, e.g., by making it difficult to properly focus.

[0141] The multi-target system of the present disclosure may cause one or more of the visual disruptions described above to deter threats in a ZOI. It is a natural human reaction to blink when the eye is confronted with high intensity radiation. In addition to relative motion of a target to the spatial array, this blinking may limit the total exposure time, e.g., to about 250 msec. In some embodiments where the target is a human visual system, the irradiance of the array light elements in the ZOI is less than 10 mW / cm2, alternatively less than 5 mW / cm2, alternatively less than 1 mW / cnr. Such intensities may not cause permanent damage. However, if the human target is not deterred, in some embodiments, the power / irradiance or intensity of the light may be increased well beyond these values, even at the expense of permanent eye damage.

[0142] Electronic Systems

[0143] For electronic imaging systems the target may be a camera sensor (e.g., CCD, CMOS) or some other sensor that detects electromagnetic radiation such as visible light, infrared, ultraviolet, or some other radiation. For such systems, the disruption energy may be sufficient to temporarily overload or otherwise make the electronic target useless for a period of time. In some embodiments, the disruption energy may be sufficient to permanently damage the sensor on a target. In some embodiments, in order to disrupt or permanently damage the sensor, the irradiance of the array light elements may be greater than that used to cause temporary visual disruption. The target may be an electronic imaging system such that the spatial array creates a disrupted image. For example, the electronic imaging system may be for surveillance or facial recognition and the spatial array makes interpretation of the image more difficult or even not possible. In some cases, in addition to, or instead of, overloading the imaging system’s sensor(s),the spatial array may interact with optical components or other system features to cause multiple reflections, glare, ghost images, or the like that disrupt the image.

[0144] Enumerated Embodiments

[0145] The following enumerated embodiments are presented to illustrate certain aspects of the disclosure and are not intended to limit its scope.

[0146] Enumerated embodiment 1. A multi-target light projection system including: i) one or more light sources capable of generating one or more high intensity light beams each having a wavelength bandwidth of less than 100 nm; ii) a spatial array generator system that acts on the one or more high intensity light beams to produce a first spatial array of light and a second spatial array of light; and iii) a controller including circuitry for controlling the light source, the spatial array generator system, or both, wherein the first spatial array of light is for projection into a first zone of interest (ZOI) and the second spatial array of light is for projection into a second ZOI.

[0147] Enumerated embodiment 2. The system of enumerated embodiment 1, wherein at least one light source includes a laser, a Light Emitting Diode (LED), a super-luminescent LED, or a laser- or LED-pumped phosphor device.

[0148] Enumerated embodiment 3. The system of enumerated embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the spatial array generator system includes a movable stage to which at least one light source is mounted.

[0149] Enumerated embodiment 4. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 3, wherein the spatial array generator includes an optical assembly for receiving the one or more high intensity light beams, the optical assembly including at least one optical element (OE) for producing the first spatial array, the second spatial array, or both the first spatial array and the second spatial array.

[0150] Enumerated embodiment 5. The system of enumerated embodiment 4, wherein the optical assembly includes a first OE for producing the first spatial array of light and a second OE for producing the second spatial array of light.

[0151] Enumerated embodiment 6. The system of enumerated embodiment 4 or 5, wherein at least one OE is a light redirection OE.

[0152] Enumerated embodiment 7. The system of enumerated embodiment 6, wherein the light redirection OE includes active control elements for directing light between at least two different directions.

[0153] Enumerated embodiment 8. The system of enumerated embodiment 6 or 7, wherein the light redirection OE includes a lens, a mirror, or a variable index of refraction element, or a combination thereof.

[0154] Enumerated embodiment 9. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 4 - 8, wherein at least one OE is a multi-beam OE.

[0155] Enumerated embodiment 10. The system of enumerated embodiment 9, wherein the multi-beam OE includes a diffractive OE or a microlens array OE.

[0156] Enumerated embodiment 11. The ion system of enumerated embodiment 9 or 10, wherein the multi-beam OE includes active control elements for directing light between at least two different directions.

[0157] Enumerated embodiment 12. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 4 - 11, wherein the first OE is different than the second OE.

[0158] Enumerated embodiment 13. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 12, wherein at least one spatial array is a temporal spatial array or a multi-beam spatial array.

[0159] Enumerated embodiment 14. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 13, wherein the first spatial array of light is characterized by a first pattern, the second spatial array is characterized by a second pattern, and wherein the first pattern is different than the second pattern.

[0160] Enumerated embodiment 15. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 14, wherein the first spatial array of light is characterized by a first pattern divergence angle, the second spatial array is characterized by a second pattern divergence angle, and wherein the first pattern divergence angle is different than the second pattern divergence angle.

[0161] Enumerated embodiment 16. The system of enumerated embodiment 15, wherein the second pattern divergence angle is less than the first pattern divergence angle, and wherein the second ZOI is further from the multi-target system than the first ZOI.

[0162] Enumerated embodiment 17. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 16, wherein the first spatial array of light is characterized by a first wavelength, the second spatial array is characterized by a second wavelength, and wherein the first wavelength is different than the second wavelength.

[0163] Enumerated embodiment 18. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 17, wherein the first spatial array of light is characterized by a first average intensity, the second spatial array is characterized by a second average intensity, and wherein the first average intensity is different than the second average intensity.

[0164] Enumerated embodiment 19. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 18, wherein the first spatial array of light is a dynamic spatial array of light characterized by a motion within the first ZOI.

[0165] Enumerated embodiment 20. The system of enumerated embodiment 19, wherein the second spatial array of light is a dynamic spatial array of light characterized by a motion within the second ZOI.

[0166] Enumerated embodiment 21. The system of enumerated embodiment 20, wherein the first motion is different from the second motion.

[0167] Enumerated embodiment 22. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 21, further including one or more additional light sources.

[0168] Enumerated embodiment 23. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 22, further including one or more additional OEs for producing one or more additional spatial arrays of light.

[0169] Enumerated embodiment 24. The system of enumerated embodiment 23, wherein the one or more spatial arrays are for projection into one or more additional ZOIs.

[0170] Enumerated embodiment 25. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 24, wherein the first and second ZOIs do not overlap.

[0171] Enumerated embodiment 26. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 25, wherein the first and second ZOIs partially or completely overlap.

[0172] Enumerated embodiment 27. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 26, wherein the first spatial array is produced concurrently with the second spatial array.

[0173] Enumerated embodiment 28. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 26, wherein the first spatial array is produced alternately with the second spatial array.

[0174] Enumerated embodiment 29. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 28, wherein the properties of the first spatial array or the second spatial array are selected to disrupt the human visual system.

[0175] Enumerated embodiment 30. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 29, wherein the properties of the first spatial array or the second spatial array are selected to disrupt an electronic imaging system.

[0176] Enumerated embodiment 31. The system of enumerated embodiment 30, wherein the electronic imaging system includes a camera, a CMOS sensor, or a CCD sensor.

[0177] Enumerated embodiment 32. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 31, further including an electronic polarizing switch.

[0178] Enumerated embodiment 33. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 32, further including one or more lenses, mirrors, collimating structures, divergence modifying elements, filters, or shutters.

[0179] Enumerated embodiment 34. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 33, further including mechanisms to alter a projection direction of the first or second spatial array of light.

[0180] Enumerated embodiment 35. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 34, further including one or more sensors, cameras, or tracking devices, to detect or monitor a threat in one or more ZOIs.

[0181] Enumerated embodiment 36. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 35, wherein the controller is in communication with one or more external sensors, cameras, or tracking devices to detect or monitor a threat in one or more ZOIs.

[0182] Enumerated embodiment 37. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 36, wherein the controller includes image recognition software, or wherein the controller is in communication with one or more external systems having image recognition software.

[0183] Enumerated embodiment 38. The system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 37, further including a housing that contains some or all of the one or more light sources and the spatial array generator system.

[0184] Enumerated embodiment 39. A platform including a multi-target system according to any of enumerated embodiments 1 - 38.

[0185] Enumerated embodiment 40. The platform of enumerated embodiment 39, further including a movable mount capable of reorienting the position of the multi-target system.

[0186] Enumerated embodiment 41. The platform of enumerated embodiment 39 or 40, wherein the platform is stationary.

[0187] Enumerated embodiment 42. The platform of enumerated embodiment 39 or 40, wherein the platform is mobile.

[0188] Enumerated embodiment 43. The platform of enumerated embodiment 42, wherein the platform is a manned or unmanned vehicle.

[0189] Enumerated embodiment 44. The platform of enumerated embodiment 42, wherein the platform is a wearable item.

[0190] Enumerated embodiment 45. The platform of enumerated embodiment 42, wherein the platform is a handheld device.

[0191] Enumerated embodiment 46. The platform of enumerated embodiment 41 or 42, wherein the platform is a weapon.

[0192] Enumerated embodiment 47. A multi-target defense system including: a light projection system, the light projection system including: a) one or more light sources capable of generating one or more high intensity light beams each having a wavelength bandwidth of less than 100 nm; b) a spatial array generator system that acts on the one or more high intensity light beams to produce a first spatial array of light and a second spatial array of light; and c) a controller including circuitry for controlling the light source, the spatial array generator system, or both, wherein the first spatial array of light is for projection onto a first target of interest (TOI) and the second spatial array of light is for projection onto a second TOI.

[0193] Enumerated embodiment 48. The defense system of enumerated embodiment 47, wherein at least one TOI is a nonstationary inanimate target.

[0194] Enumerated embodiment 49. The defense system of enumerated embodiment 47 or 48, wherein at least one TOI is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).

[0195] Enumerated embodiment 50. The defense system according to any of enumerated embodiments 47-49, wherein the first and second TOIs arc both UAVs.

[0196] Enumerated embodiment 5E The defense system according to any of enumerated embodiments 47-50, wherein at least one spatial array of light illuminates the corresponding TOI to produce an illuminated target that is detectible visually or electronically.

[0197] Enumerated embodiment 52. The defense system of enumerated embodiment 51, further including a weapon system for disrupting the illuminated target.

[0198] Enumerated embodiment 53. A method of disrupting multiple targets, the method including: producing, using a light projection system, first and second spatial arrays of light from a spatial array generator acting on one or more high intensity light beams having a wavelength bandwidth of less than 100 nm; projecting the first spatial array of light onto a first target of interest (TOI); and projecting the second spatial array of light onto a second TOI, wherein: i) at least one spatial array of light disrupts a sensor or imaging system used by the respective TOI to produce a disrupted target; ii) at least one spatial array of light illuminates the respective TOI to produce an illuminated target that is detectible visually or electronically by a weapon system; or iii) both (i) and (ii).

[0199] Enumerated embodiment 54. The method of enumerated embodiment 53, further including detecting the illuminated target and activating a weapon system to disrupt the illuminated first target.

[0200] Enumerated embodiment 55. The method of enumerated embodiment 54, wherein the weapon system includes a high-power laser, an armed interceptor missile, a gun, a jamming signal generator, or a launchable explosive device.

[0201] Enumerated embodiment 56. The method of enumerated embodiment 54 or 55, further including sharing data between the projection system and the weapon system via a communication link.

[0202] Enumerated embodiment 57. The method according to any of enumerated embodiments 53 - 56, wherein at least one TOI is a nonstationary inanimate target.

[0203] Enumerated embodiment 58. The method according to any of enumerated embodiments 53 - 57, wherein at least one TOI is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).

[0204] Enumerated embodiment 59. The method according to any of enumerated embodiments 53 - 58, wherein the first and second TOIs are both UAVs.

[0205] Enumerated embodiment 60. The method according to any of enumerated embodiments 53 - 58, wherein at least one TOI is an airplane, a fighter jet, a bomber, a helicopter, a glider, a balloon, an unmanned ground vehicle (“UGV”), an amphibious UGV, unmanned water surface vehicle, unmanned underwater vehicle, a robot, an automobile, an offroad vehicle, a truck, a tank, a land combat vehicle, a military transport vehicle, a train, a boat, an amphibious ship, an aircraft carrier, a spaceship, or a satellite.

[0206] Enumerated embodiment 61. The method according to any of enumerated embodiments 53 - 60, wherein the light projection system is stationary.

[0207] Enumerated embodiment 62. The method according to any of enumerated embodiments 53 - 60, wherein the light projection system is mobile.

[0208] Enumerated embodiment 63. The method according to any of enumerated embodiments 53 - 60, wherein the light projection system is provided on a manned or unmanned vehicle.

[0209] Enumerated embodiment 64. The method according to any of enumerated embodiments 53 - 60, wherein the light projection system is provided on a wearable item.

[0210] Enumerated embodiment 65. The method according to any of enumerated embodiments 53 - 60, wherein the light projection system is provided on a handheld device.

[0211] Enumerated embodiment 66. A method of disrupting a nonstationary inanimate target, the method including: producing, using a light projection system, a first spatial array of light from a spatial array generator acting on one or more high intensity light beams having a wavelength bandwidth of less than 100 nm; projecting the first spatial array of light onto a nonstationary first target of interest (TOI), wherein the first spatial array of light illuminates the first TOI to produce an illuminated first target; detecting the illuminated first target visually or electronically; and activating a weapon system to disrupt the illuminated first target.

[0212] Enumerated embodiment 67. The method of enumerated embodiment 66, wherein the weapon system includes a high-power laser, an armed interceptor missile, a gun, a jamming signal generator, or a launchable explosive device.

[0213] Enumerated embodiment 68. The method of enumerated embodiment 66 or 67 further including sharing data between the projection system and the weapon system via a communication link.

[0214] Enumerated embodiment 69. The method according to any of enumerated embodiments 66 - 68, wherein the first TOI is a nonstationary inanimate target.

[0215] Enumerated embodiment 70. The method according to any of enumerated embodiments 66 - 69, wherein the first TOI is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).

[0216] Enumerated embodiment 71. The method according to any of enumerated embodiments 66 - 70, wherein the first TOI is an airplane, a fighter jet, a bomber, a helicopter, a glider, a balloon, an unmanned ground vehicle (“UGV”), an amphibious UGV, unmanned water surface vehicle, unmanned underwater vehicle, a robot, an automobile, an off-road vehicle, a truck, a tank, a land combat vehicle, a military transport vehicle, a train, a boat, an amphibious ship, an aircraft carrier, a spaceship, or a satellite.

[0217] Enumerated embodiment 72. The method according to any of enumerated embodiments 66 - 71, wherein the light projection system is stationary.

[0218] Enumerated embodiment 73. The method according to any of enumerated embodiments 66 - 71, wherein the light projection system is mobile.

[0219] Enumerated embodiment 74. The method according to any of enumerated embodiments 66 - 71, wherein the light projection system is provided on a manned or unmanned vehicle.

[0220] Enumerated embodiment 75. The method according to any of enumerated embodiments 66 - 71, wherein the light projection system is provided on a wearable item.

[0221] Enumerated embodiment 76. The method according to any of enumerated embodiments 66 - 71, wherein the light projection system is provided on a handheld device.

[0222] The specific details of particular embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the spirit and scope of embodiments of the invention. However, other embodiments of the invention may be directed to specific embodiments relating to each individual aspect, or specific combinations of these individual aspects.

[0223] The above description of example embodiments of the invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form described, and many modifications and variations are possible in light of the teaching above.

[0224] In the preceding description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous details have been set forth in order to provide an understanding of various embodiments of the presenttechnology. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art, however, that certain embodiments may be practiced without some of these details, or with additional details.

[0225] Having described several embodiments, it will be recognized by those of skill in the art that various modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents may be used without departing from the spirit of the invention. Additionally, a number of well-known processes and elements have not been described in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention. Additionally, details of any specific embodiment may not always be present in variations of that embodiment or may be added to other embodiments.

[0226] Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that each intervening value, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, between the upper and lower limits of that range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range, and each range where either, neither, or both limits are included in the smaller ranges is also encompassed within the invention, subject to any specifically excluded limit in the stated range. Where the stated range includes one or both of the limits, ranges excluding either or both of those included limits are also included.

[0227] As used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a method” includes a plurality of such methods and reference to “the anode” includes reference to one or more anodes and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art, and so forth. The invention has now been described in detail for the purposes of clarity and understanding. However, it will be appreciated that certain changes and modifications may be practiced within the scope of the appended claims.

[0228] All publications, patents, and patent applications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes. None is admitted to be prior art.

Claims

We claim:

1. A multi-target light projection system comprising: i) one or more light sources capable of generating one or more high intensity light beams each having a wavelength bandwidth of less than 100 nm; ii) a spatial array generator system that acts on the one or more high intensity light beams to produce a first spatial array of light and a second spatial array of light; and iii) a controller comprising circuitry for controlling the light source, the spatial array generator system, or both, wherein the first spatial array of light is for projection into a first zone of interest (ZOI) and the second spatial array of light is for projection into a second ZOI.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one light source comprises a laser, a Light Emitting Diode (LED), a super-luminescent LED, or a laser- or LED-pumped phosphor device.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the spatial array generator system comprises a movable stage to which at least one light source is mounted.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the spatial array generator comprises an optical assembly for receiving the one or more high intensity light beams, the optical assembly comprising at least one optical element (OE) for producing the first spatial array, the second spatial array, or both the first spatial array and the second spatial array.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the optical assembly comprises a first OE for producing the first spatial array of light and a second OE for producing the second spatial array of light.

6. The system of claim 4, wherein the at least one OE is a light redirection OE.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the light redirection OE comprises active control elements for directing light between at least two different directions.

8. The system of claim 6, wherein the light redirection OE comprises a lens, a mirror, or a variable index of refraction element, or a combination thereof.

9. The system of claim 4, wherein the at least one OE is a multi-beam OE.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the multi-beam OE comprises a diffractive OE or a microlens array OE.

11. The ion system of claim 9, wherein the multi-beam OE comprises active control elements for directing light between at least two different directions.

12. The system of claim 5, wherein the first OE is different than the second OE.

13. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one spatial array is a temporal spatial array or a multi-beam spatial array.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein the first spatial array of light is characterized by a first pattern, the second spatial array is characterized by a second pattern, and wherein the first pattern is different than the second pattern.

15. The system of claim 1, wherein the first spatial array of light is characterized by a first pattern divergence angle, the second spatial array is characterized by a second pattern divergence angle, and wherein the first pattern divergence angle is different than the second pattern divergence angle.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein the second pattern divergence angle is less than the first pattern divergence angle, and wherein the second ZOI is further from the multi-target system than the first ZOI.

17. The system of claim 1, wherein the first spatial array of light is characterized by a first wavelength, the second spatial array is characterized by a second wavelength, and wherein the first wavelength is different than the second wavelength.

18. The system of claim 1, wherein the first spatial array of light is characterized by a first average intensity, the second spatial array is characterized by a second average intensity, and wherein the first average intensity is different than the second average intensity.

19. The system of claim 1, wherein the first spatial array of light is a dynamic spatial array of light characterized by a first motion within the first ZOI.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein the second spatial array of light is a dynamic spatial array of light characterized by a second motion within the second ZOI.

21. The system of claim 20, wherein the first motion is different from the second motion.

22. The system of claim 1, further comprising one or more additional light sources.

23. The system of claim 1, further comprising one or more additional OEs for producing one or more additional spatial arrays of light.

24. The system of claim 23, wherein the one or more spatial arrays are for projection into one or more additional ZOIs.

25. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second ZOIs do not overlap.

26. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second ZOIs partially or completely overlap.

27. The system of claim 1, wherein the first spatial array is produced concurrently with the second spatial array.

28. The system of claim 1, wherein the first spatial array is produced alternately with the second spatial array.

29. The system of claim 1, wherein the properties of the first spatial array or the second spatial array are selected to disrupt the human visual system.

30. The system of claim 1, wherein the properties of the first spatial array or the second spatial array are selected to disrupt an electronic imaging system.

31. The system of claim 30, wherein the electronic imaging system comprises a camera, a CMOS sensor, or a CCD sensor.

32. The system of claim 1, further comprising an electronic polarizing switch.

33. The system of claim 1, further comprising one or more lenses, mirrors, collimating structures, divergence modifying elements, filters, or shutters.

34. The system of claim 1, further comprising mechanisms to alter a projection direction of the first or second spatial array of light.

35. The system of claim 1, further comprising one or more sensors, cameras, or tracking devices, to detect or monitor a threat in one or more ZOIs.

36. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller is in communication with one or more external sensors, cameras, or tracking devices to detect or monitor a threat in one or more ZOIs.

37. The system of claim 1, wherein the controller comprises image recognition software, or wherein the controller is in communication with one or more external systems having image recognition software.

38. The system of claim 1, further comprising a housing that contains some or all of the one or more light sources and the spatial array generator system.

39. A platform comprising the multi-target system of claim 1.

40. The platform of claim 39, further comprising a movable mount capable of reorienting the position of the multi-target system.

41. The platform of claim 39, wherein the platform is stationary.

42. The platform of claim 39, wherein the platform is mobile.

43. The platform of claim 39, wherein the platform is a manned or unmanned vehicle.

44. The platform of claim 39, wherein the platform is a wearable item.

45. The platform of claim 39, wherein the platform is a handheld device.

46. The platform of claim 39, wherein the platform is a weapon.

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