Fungicidal compositions and use thereof on a plant

Abstract

The invention relates to a fungicidal composition comprising: choline pelargonate and an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of a quinone outside inhibitor (QoI), a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), an oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitor (OSBPI), a demethylation inhibitor (DMI), and a copper-containing compound. The invention also concerns a method for treating a fungal disease on a plant or a part thereof, the method comprising applying a fungicidal composition comprising choline pelargonate and one or more active ingredients selected from the group consisting of a quinone outside inhibitor (QoI), a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), an oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitor (OSBPI), a demethylation inhibitor (DMI), and a copper-containing compound to the plant, part thereof, or locus of growth of the plant.

Description

[0001] FUNGICIDAL COMPOSITIONS AND USE THEREOF ON A PLANT

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The invention is broadly in the field of agriculture, more precisely in the field of crop protection. In particular, the invention concerns fungicidal compositions and a method for treating a fungal disease on a plant or a part thereof, the method comprising applying the fungicidal composition to the plant, part thereof, or locus of growth of the plant.

[0004] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0005] In order to reduce the loss and maintain the quality of agricultural and horticultural crops, many chemicals are used for control of crop diseases. However, the use of pest and disease control chemicals during crop production often leads to the presence of chemical residues in the crop after harvest. In particular, higher dosages and repeated applications of conventional formulations result in the accumulation of residues in vegetal commodities along with environmental pollution. In addition to the contamination of the crops, plants and the environment, the toxicity of the chemical compound to humans and / or animals is also a concern when using pest and disease control chemicals. In this context, producing crops in a sustainable manner is of increasing importance in agriculture. This requires safer and environmentally friendly formulations and methods for controlling plant fungi and other plant diseases and plant pests.

[0006] WO 2020 / 104645 concerns the use of a composition comprising a choline salt of a C8-C10 fatty acid as a fungicide on a plant or plant part. The C8-C10 fatty acids, such as caprylic acid, pelargonic acid or capric acid, are described as having satisfactory fungicidal activity on plants with strongly reduced or even without phytotoxic effects when formulated as the choline salt of the fatty acid, despite the commonly known use of such fatty acids as a contact herbicide.

[0007] In addition, there is the concern of fungicide resistance which typically evolves by applying the same fungicide or a fungicide with the same mode of action repeatedly thereby allowing fungi resistant to the fungicide to multiply. Mode of action (MOA) refers to the specific cellular process inhibited by a particular fungicide. Within each mode of action there are specific sites of action. These sites of action or target sites are the specific enzymes in a cellular process that the fungicides target. Fungicides active at the same target site may moreover result in cross-resistance. Cross-resistance is a phenomenon that occurs when resistance arises to one fungicide that also results in resistance to another fungicide. For instance, for succinate-dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs), resistance is known for several fungal species and resistance management is required. Accordingly, there remains a need in the art for further and / or improved methods for controlling fungi and / or pests on plants or plant parts.

[0008] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The present inventors have found that choline pelargonate can be used as a companion or partner compound in a mixture with fungicides such as succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI), oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitors (OSBPI), quinone outside inhibitors (Qol), demethylation inhibitors (DMI), and a copper-containing compound, thereby unexpectedly resulting in a reduction of disease incidence which is higher than the sum of the reductions of disease incidence when each of the fungicides is used alone.

[0010] Accordingly, a first aspect of the invention relates to a (fungicidal) composition comprising: a choline salt of pelargonic acid (i.e., choline pelargonate) and one or more active ingredients selected from the group consisting of a quinone outside inhibitor (Qol), a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), an oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitor (OSBPI), a demethylation inhibitor (DMI) and a copper- containing compound.

[0011] A second aspect of the invention relates to a method for treating a biotic disease, such as a fungal disease, on a plant or a part thereof, the method comprising applying a (fungicidal) composition comprising a choline salt of pelargonic acid (i.e., choline pelargonate) and one or more active ingredients selected from the group consisting of a quinone outside inhibitor (Qol), a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), an oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitor (OSBPI), a demethylation inhibitor (DMI) and a copper-containing compound to the plant, part thereof, or locus of growth of the plant.

[0012] A third aspect provides the use of a (fungicidal) composition comprising a choline salt of pelargonic acid (i.e., choline pelargonate) and one or more active ingredients selected from the group consisting of a quinone outside inhibitor (Qol), a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), an oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitor (OSBPI), a demethylation inhibitor (DMI) and a copper-containing compound in the treatment of a biotic disease, such as a fungal disease, on a plant, part thereof (such as a seed), or locus of growth of the plant.

[0013] A related aspect provides the use of a composition as defined herein as a fungicidal composition or in the curative or preventive treatment of a phytopathogenic fungal infection on a plant or part thereof.

[0014] A fourth aspect of the invention relates to a method for treating a plant seed comprising applying a (fungicidal) composition comprising a choline salt of pelargonic acid (i.e., choline pelargonate) and one or more active ingredients selected from the group consisting of a quinone outside inhibitor (Qol), a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), an oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitor (OSBPI), a demethylation inhibitor (DMI) and a copper-containing compound to the plant seed.

[0015] A fifth aspect of the invention relates to a plant or part thereof (such as a seed) treated with (e.g., coated with) or comprising a (fungicidal) composition comprising a choline salt of pelargonic acid (i.e., choline pelargonate) and one or more active ingredients selected from the group consisting of a quinone outside inhibitor (Qol), a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), an oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitor (OSBPI), a demethylation inhibitor (DMI), and a copper-containing compound.

[0016] The above and further aspects and preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the following sections and in the appended claims. The subject-matter of appended claims is hereby specifically incorporated in this specification.

[0017] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include both singular and plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0019] The terms "comprising", "comprises" and "comprised of" as used herein are synonymous with "including", "includes" or "containing", "contains", and are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, non-recited members, elements or method steps. The terms also encompass "consisting of" and "consisting essentially of".

[0020] The recitation of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers and fractions subsumed within the respective ranges, as well as the recited endpoints.

[0021] The term "about" as used herein when referring to a measurable value such as a parameter, an amount, a temporal duration, and the like, is meant to encompass variations of and from the specified value, in particular variations of + / -10% or less, preferably + / -5% or less, more preferably + / -1% or less, and still more preferably + / -0.1% or less of and from the specified value, insofar such variations are appropriate to perform in the disclosed invention. It is to be understood that the value to which the modifier "about" refers is itself also specifically, and preferably, disclosed.

[0022] Whereas the term "one or more", such as one or more members of a group of members, is clear per se, by means of further exemplification, the term encompasses inter alia a reference to any one of said members, or to any two or more of said members, such as, e.g., any >3, >4, >5, >6 or >7 etc. of said members, and up to all said members. All documents cited in the present specification are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

[0023] Unless otherwise specified, all terms used in disclosing the invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. By means of further guidance, term definitions may be included to better appreciate the teaching of the present invention.

[0024] Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but may. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner, as would be apparent to a person skilled in the art from this disclosure, in one or more embodiments. Furthermore, while some embodiments described herein include some but not other features included in other embodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention, and form different embodiments, as would be understood by those in the art. For example, in the appended claims, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.

[0025] It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilised and structural or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.

[0026] By extensive experiment testing, the present inventors have found that (fungicidal) compositions comprising a combination of a choline salt of pelargonic acid and quinone outside inhibitors (Qol), succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI), oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitors (OSBPI), demethylation inhibitors (DMI), or copper-containing compounds have an improved, in particular synergistic, fungicidal activity for treating a biotic disease, such as a fungal disease, on a plant or a part thereof.

[0027] Accordingly, an aspect of the invention relates to a (fungicidal) composition comprising: a choline salt of pelargonic acid (i.e., choline pelargonate) and one or more active ingredients selected from the group consisting of a quinone outside inhibitor (Qol), a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), an oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitor (OSBPI), a demethylation inhibitor (DMI), and a copper- containing compound. The skilled person will understand that such composition may comprise one or more of one of the inhibitor types or classes and / or may comprise one or more different inhibitor types or classes.

[0028] In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more SDHI, OSBPI, Qol, and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more SDHI, OSBPI, DMI, and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more SDHI, Qol, DMI, and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more OSBPI, Qol, DMI, and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more SDHI, OSBPI, Qol, and / or DMI.

[0029] In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more SDHI, OSBPI, and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more SDHI, Qol, and / or copper- containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more SDHI, DMI, and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more OSBPI, Qol, and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more OSBPI, DMI, and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more Qol, DMI, and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more SDHI, OSBPI, and / or Qol. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more SDHI, OSBPI, and / or DMI. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more SDHI, DMI and / or Qol. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more SDHI, OSBPI, and / or Qol.

[0030] In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more SDHI and / or OSBPI. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more SDHI and / or Qol. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more SDHI and / or DMI. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more SDHI and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more OSBPI and / or Qol. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more OSBPI and / or DMI. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more OSBPI and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more Qol and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more Qol and / or DMI. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more DMI and / or copper-containing compound.

[0031] In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more SDHI. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more OSBPI. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more Qol. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more DMI. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more copper-containing compound.

[0032] In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline pelargonate and one or more SDHI, OSBPI, Qol, and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline pelargonate and one or more SDHI, OSBPI, DMI, and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline pelargonate and one or more SDHI, Qol, DMI, and / or-copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline pelargonate and one or more OSBPI, Qol, DMI, and / or copper- containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise choline pelargonate and one or more SDHI, OSBPI, Qol, and / or DMI.

[0033] In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline pelargonate and one or more SDHI, OSBPI, and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline pelargonate and one or more SDHI, Qol, and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline pelargonate and one or more SDHI, DMI, and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline pelargonate and one or more OSBPI, Qol, and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline pelargonate and one or more OSBPI, DMI, and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise a choline pelargonate and one or more Qol, DMI, and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise choline pelargonate and one or more SDHI, OSBPI, and / or Qol. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise choline pelargonate and one or more SDHI, OSBPI, and / or DMI. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise choline pelargonate and one or more SDHI, DMI and / or Qol. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise choline pelargonate and one or more SDHI, OSBPI, and / or Qol. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise choline pelargonate and one or more SDHI and / or OSBPI. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise choline pelargonate and one or more SDHI and / or Qol. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise choline pelargonate and one or more SDHI and / or DMI. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise choline pelargonate and one or more SDHI and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise choline pelargonate and one or more OSBPI and / or Qol. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise choline pelargonate and one or more OSBPI and / or DMI. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise choline pelargonate and one or more OSBPI and / or copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise choline pelargonate and one or more Qol and / or copper- containing compound. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise choline pelargonate and one or more Qol and / or DMI. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise choline pelargonate and one or more DMI and / or copper-containing compound.

[0034] In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise choline pelargonate and one or more SDHI. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise choline pelargonate and one or more OSBPI. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise choline pelargonate and one or more Qol. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise choline pelargonate and one or more DMI. In embodiments, the (fungicidal) composition may comprise choline pelargonate and one or more copper-containing compound.

[0035] Related aspects of the invention provide:

[0036] A composition comprising choline pelargonate and one or more quinone outside inhibitors (Qol).

[0037] A composition comprising choline pelargonate and one or more succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI).

[0038] A composition comprising choline pelargonate and one or more oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitors (OSBPI).

[0039] A composition comprising choline pelargonate and one or more demethylation inhibitors (DMI).

[0040] A composition comprising choline pelargonate and one or more copper-containing compounds.

[0041] The compositions as taught herein may comprise choline pelargonate and the Qol, SDHI, OSBPI, DMI, and / or copper-containing compound as the sole active ingredients. Hence, in embodiments, the compositions as taught herein may comprise active ingredients and optionally one or more auxiliaries or auxiliary agents, wherein the active ingredients consist of choline pelargonate and one or more active ingredients selected from the group consisting of a Qol, a SDHI, an OSBPI, a DMI, and a copper-containing compound. In an embodiment, the active ingredients may consist of choline pelargonate and one or more Qol. In an embodiment, the active ingredients may consist of choline pelargonate and one or more SDHI. In an embodiment, the active ingredients may consist of choline pelargonate and one or more OSBPI. In an embodiment, the active ingredients may consist of choline pelargonate and one or more DMI. In an embodiment, the active ingredients may consist of choline pelargonate and one or more copper-containing compounds.

[0042] The above embodiments equally apply to the compositions defined in the methods and uses according to the invention as described herein elsewhere.

[0043] The terms "composition", "formulation", or "preparation" may be used interchangeably herein and refer to a mixture comprising a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), one or more oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitor (OSBPI), one or more quinone outside inhibitor (Qol), one or more demethylation inhibitor (DMI), and / or one or more copper-containing compounds as active ingredients.

[0044] The terms "active ingredient", "active component", or "active compound", etc. can be used interchangeably and broadly refer to a compound or substance which, when provided in an effective amount, achieves a desired outcome. Typically, an active ingredient as intended herein may achieve such outcome(s) through interacting with and / or modulating the disease-causing organism and / or the plant, part hereof, or locus of the plant, and / or the interaction between the disease-causing organism and the plant. As used herein, both the choline salt of pelargonic acid and the SDHI, OSBPI, Qol, DMI and / or copper-containing compounds are considered active ingredients.

[0045] In embodiments, the fungicidal composition as taught herein comprises a choline salt of pelargonic acid.

[0046] As shown in the experimental section, the application of a composition comprising choline pelargonate against a fungicidal disease on plants at the tested dosages does not cause phytotoxicity symptoms on the plants.

[0047] The terms "choline pelargonate", "choline nonanoate" or "trimethylethanolamine pelargonate" can be used interchangeably and refer to the choline salt of pelargonic acid. The CAS number is 10246-69-

[0048] 2. The terms "choline pelargonate" and "choline salt of pelargonic acid" may be used interchangeably herein.

[0049] The term "choline" refers to a compound with IUPAC name 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethan-l- aminium. The CAS number is 62-49-7.

[0050] The term "pelargonic acid" as used herein can also be referred to as "nonanoic acid" or "1- octanecarboxylic acid" or a C9 fatty acid and refers to an organic compound composed of a nine-carbon chain terminating in a carboxylic acid functional group. The CAS number is 112-05-0.

[0051] The above embodiments equally apply to the compositions defined in the methods and uses according to the invention as described herein elsewhere.

[0052] Reference made herein to FRAC codes or target sites is according to the FRAC Code List© 2022 (Fungicide Resistance Action Committee; https: / / www.frac.info / ).

[0053] It will be understood that the active ingredients that are referred to herein have fungicidal activity.

[0054] In embodiments, the fungicidal composition as taught herein comprises one or more succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI).

[0055] The terms "succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor" or "SDHI" refer to a group of fungicides that prevent the functioning of the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). The Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) code is 7. The MOA is respiration (FRAC group C). The target site is complex II: succinate dehydrogenase (FRAC target site C2).

[0056] The terms "succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)", "succinate-coenzyme Q. reductase (SQR)" or "respiratory complex II" can be used interchangeably and refer to an enzyme complex found in many bacterial cells and in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes and participating in both the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain.

[0057] In embodiments, the SDHI may be a phenyl-benzamide, phenyl-oxo-ethyl thiophene amide, pyridinyl- ethyl-benzamide, phenyl-cyclobutyl-pyridineamide, furan-carboxamide, oxathiin-carboxamide, thiazole-carboxamide, pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-cyclopropyl-N-benzyl-pyrazole-carboxamide, N- methoxy-(phenyl-ethyl)-pyrazole-carboxamide, pyridine-carboxamide, or pyrazine-carboxamide. In embodiments, the SDHI may be a pyridinyl-ethyl-benzamide such as fluopyram. In embodiments, the SDHI may be a pyrazole-4-carboxamide such as fluxapyroxad, benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, fluindapyr, furametpyr, inpyrfluxam, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad, or sedaxane. In embodiments, the SDHI may be selected from fluxapyroxad, fluopyram, benodanil, flutolanil, mepronil, isofetamid, cyclobutrifluram, fenfuram, carboxin, oxycarboxin, thifluzamide, benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, fluindapyr, furametpyr, inpyrfluxam, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, isoflucypram, pydiflumetofen, boscalid, and pyraziflumid, or a combination thereof. In embodiments, the SDHI may be fluopyram, fluxapyroxad, benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, fluindapyr, furametpyr, inpyrfluxam, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, or a combination thereof. In embodiments, the SDHI may be fluopyram, fluxapyroxad, benzovindiflupyr, or a combination thereof.

[0058] Preferably, the SDHI is fluxapyroxad, fluopyram, or a combination thereof. The SDHI may be fluxapyroxad. The SDHI may be fluopyram. The SDHI may be benzovindiflupyr.

[0059] The above embodiments equally apply to the compositions defined in the methods and uses according to the invention as described herein elsewhere.

[0060] In embodiments, the fungicidal composition as taught herein comprises one or more oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitor (OSBPI).

[0061] The terms "oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitor" or "OSBPI" refer to a group of fungicides that prevent the functioning of the enzyme oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) homologue. The Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) code is 49. The MOA is lipid synthesis or transport, or membrane integrity or function (FRAC group F). The target site is lipid homeostasis and transfer / storage (FRAC target site F9).

[0062] The terms "oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) homologue" or "oxysterol-binding protein-related protein (ORP)" can be used interchangeably and refer to a protein of the family of lipid transfer proteins (LTPs).

[0063] In embodiments, the OSBPI may be a piperidinyl-thiazole-isoxazoline such as oxathiapiprolin (CAS No. 1003318-67-9), Y18501 (CAS No. 2410627-32-4), or fluoxapiprolin (CAS No. 1360819-11-9).

[0064] In embodiments, the OSBPI may be oxathiapiprolin, Y18501, or fluoxapiprolin, or combinations thereof. Preferably, the OSBPI is oxathiapiprolin.

[0065] The above embodiments equally apply to the compositions defined in the methods and uses according to the invention as described herein elsewhere.

[0066] In embodiments, the fungicidal composition as taught herein comprises one or more quinone outside inhibitor (Qol). The terms "quinone outside inhibitor" or "Qol" refer to a group of fungicides that act on the quinol outer binding site of the cytochrome bcl complex. The Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) code is 11. The MOA is respiration (FRAC group C). The target site is complex III: cytochrome bcl (ubiquinol oxidase) at Qo site (cyt b gene), FRAC target site C3.

[0067] In embodiments, the Qol may be a methoxy-acrylate, methoxy-acetamide, methoxy-carbamate, oximino-acetate, oximino-acetamide, oxazolidine-dione, dihydro-dioxazine, imidazolinone, benzylcarbamate, or tetrazolinone, preferably a methoxy-acrylate, such as azoxystrobin or pyraclostrobin. In embodiments, the Qol may be a methoxy-acrylate such as azoxystrobin. In embodiments, the Qol may be a methoxy-carbamate such as pyraclostrobin. In embodiments, the Qol may be an oximino-acetate, such as trifloxystrobin or kresoxim-methyl.

[0068] In embodiments, the Qol may be azoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobin, mandestrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, triclopyricarb, kresoxim-methyl, trifloxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fenaminstrobin, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, famoxadone, fluoxastrobin, fenamidone, pyribencarb, or metyltetraprole, or a combination thereof.

[0069] In embodiments, the Qol may be azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, kresoxim-methyl, trifloxystrobin, or a combination thereof. In embodiments, the Qol may be azoxystrobin. The Qol may be pyraclostrobin. The Qol may be kresoxim-methyl. The Qol may be trifloxystrobin.

[0070] In preferred embodiments, the Qol may be azoxystrobin or pyraclostrobin.

[0071] The above embodiments equally apply to the compositions defined in the methods and uses according to the invention as described herein elsewhere.

[0072] In embodiments, the fungicidal composition as taught herein comprises one or more demethylation inhibitor (DMI).

[0073] The terms "demethylation inhibitor" or "DMI" refer to a group of fungicides that act on sterol biosynthesis. The Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) code is 3. The MOA is sterol biosynthesis in the membrane (FRAC group G). The target site is C14- demethylase in sterol biosynthesis (ergll / cyp51), FRAC target site Gl.

[0074] In embodiments, the DMI may be a piperazine, a pyridine, a pyrimidine, an imidazole, a triazole, or a triazolinthione, preferably a triazole, such as difenoconazole or tetraconazole. In embodiments, the DMI may be a triazolinthione, such as prothioconazole.

[0075] In embodiments, the DMI may be mefentrifluconazole, difenoconazole, tetraconazole, triforine, pyrifenox, pyrisoxazole, fenarimol, nuarimol, imazalil, oxpoconazole, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole, azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diniconazole, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, prothioconazole, or a combination thereof.

[0076] In embodiments, the DMI may be difenoconazole, tetraconazole, or prothioconazole.

[0077] In preferred embodiments, the DMI may be difenoconazole or tetraconazole.

[0078] The above embodiments equally apply to the compositions defined in the methods and uses according to the invention as described herein elsewhere.

[0079] In embodiments, the fungicidal composition as taught herein comprises one or more Copper- containing compound.

[0080] The terms "copper-containing compound", "copper compound", "copper fungicide", "copper- containing fungicide", "copper complex", "copper fungicide complex" and the like can be used interchangeably herein. Copper fungicides generally have a multi-site contact activity. The Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) code is MOI.

[0081] In embodiments, the copper-containing compound may be an inorganic or organic copper-containing compound.

[0082] In certain embodiments, the copper-containing compound may be copper (Cu), copper salt, copper hydroxide (e.g. CuOH, CufOH ), copper(ll) sulfate (also called copper sulfate, CuSO4) or a copper sulfate hydrate (CuSC .nHjO, wherein n is 1 to 7), such as preferably copper sulfate pentahydrate, copper oxychloride (also called dicopper chloride trihydroxide, tribasic copper chloride or copper hydroxychloride, Cuz OHjaCI), copper oxychloride sulfate, copper oxide (CujO, CuO, CuC , CU2O3, CuC ), basic copper sulfate ((CuOH SC ; CuSO4.3Cu(OH)2.H2O), Bordeaux mixture, organic complexes of copper, copper octanoate, copper ammonium acetate, copper chelate, or combinations thereof.

[0083] Preferably, the copper-containing compound is Copper (II) hydroxide.

[0084] The above embodiments equally apply to the compositions defined in the methods and uses according to the invention as described herein elsewhere.

[0085] In embodiments, the compositions as taught herein may be an aqueous composition or a solid composition.

[0086] In embodiments, the compositions as taught herein may be an aqueous composition or a liquid. The compositions as taught herein may comprise ready-to-use compositions which can be applied with suitable apparatus to the plant, but also concentrates or concentrated formulations which have to be diluted with water prior to use. Unless explicitly indicated otherwise (such as in the case of concentrates which need to be diluted prior to application), when reference is made to concentrations of active ingredients such refers to concentrations in formulations as applied to the plants (i.e., the ready to use concentrations).

[0087] In embodiments, the compositions as taught herein comprise a non-phytotoxic amount of the active ingredients which upon administration are effective to inhibit or control the growth of a biotic (such as preferably fungal) disease on the plant or part hereof. In embodiments, the compositions as taught herein comprise a non-phytotoxic amount of the active ingredients which upon administration are effective to inhibit or control the growth of a biotic (such as preferably fungal) disease on the plant or part hereof. In embodiments, the composition may be a (ready to use) sprayable liquid or a concentrate. Preferably, the composition is a sprayable liquid. In embodiments, the compositions as taught herein may be formulated in a ready-to-use format, such as a spray or sprayable liquid, or a dip, comprising a non-phytotoxic amount of the active ingredients which upon administration are effective to inhibit or control the growth of a biotic (such as preferably fungal) disease on the plant or part hereof.

[0088] In embodiments, the (fungicidal) compositions as taught herein may be a spray, sprayable liquid or a dip. Preferably, the active ingredients are present in the (fungicidal) composition as taught herein in an effective amount as is known in the art (e.g. SDHI, OSBPI, Qol, DMI, or a copper fungicide according to manufacturer's / supplier's recommendations or specification and may depend on the plant (part) and / or disease to be treated, as is known in the art). Based on synergism however, the concentration may possibly be appropriately reduced.

[0089] In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.0001% (w / v) and 10% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, preferably between 0.001% (w / v) and 2% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid. Such concentrations may be the ready to use concentrations. The skilled person will understand that the (precursor) concentrate (i.e., prior to dilution) in such a case will have higher concentrations.

[0090] In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.00000001% (w / v) and 5% (w / v) of (each of) the other active ingredient (i.e. SDHI, OSBPI, Qol, DMI, and / or copper- containing compound), preferably between 0.0000001% (w / v) and 0.5% (w / v) of (each of) the other active ingredient. Each of the other active ingredients may be formulated in an effective amount as is known in the art (e.g. according to manufacturer's recommendations, and may depend on the plant (part) and / or disease to be treated). Based on synergism however, the concentration may possibly be appropriately reduced.

[0091] In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.00000001% (w / v) and 5% (w / v) of the SDHL In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.0000001% (w / v) and 1% (w / v) of the SDHL In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.000001% (w / v) and 0.1% (w / v) of the SDHL

[0092] In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.00000001% (w / v) and 0.1% (w / v) of the OSBPL In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.00000005% (w / v) and 0.0001% (w / v) of the OSBPL In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.0000001% (w / v) and 0.000001% (w / v) of the OSBPL

[0093] In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.00000001% (w / v) and 5% (w / v) of the QoL In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.0000001% (w / v) and 1% (w / v) of the QoL In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.000001% (w / v) and 0.1% (w / v) of the QoL

[0094] In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.00000001% (w / v) and 5% (w / v) of the DML In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.0000001% (w / v) and 0.1% (w / v) of the DML In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.000001% (w / v) and 0.01% (w / v) of the DML

[0095] In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.00001% (w / v) and 5% (w / v) of the copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.0001% (w / v) and 0.1% (w / v) of the copper-containing compound. In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.001% (w / v) and 0.01% (w / v) of the copper-containing compound.

[0096] In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.0001% (w / v) and 10% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, preferably between 0.001% (w / v) and 2% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid; and comprising between 0.00000001% (w / v) and 5% (w / v) of (each of) the other active ingredient (i.e. SDHI, OSBPI, Qol, DMI, and / or copper-containing compound), preferably between 0.0000001% (w / v) and 0.5% (w / v) of (each of) the other active ingredient.

[0097] In embodiments, the composition comprises the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the other active ingredient(s) in a ratio by weight of 1000000:1 to 1:1000, preferably 100000:1 to 1:100. In embodiments, the composition comprises the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the OSBPI in a ratio by weight of 100000:1 to 1:10. In embodiments, the composition comprises the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the OSBPI in a ratio by weight of 100000:1 to 1:1. In embodiments, the composition comprises the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the OSBPI in a ratio by weight of 100000:1 to 10:1.

[0098] In embodiments, the composition comprises the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the SDHI in a ratio by weight of 1000:1 to 1:10. In embodiments, the composition comprises the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the SDHI in a ratio by weight of 1000:1 to 1:1. In embodiments, the composition comprises the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the SDHI in a ratio by weight of 1000:1 to 2:1.

[0099] In embodiments, the composition may comprise the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the Qol in a ratio by weight of 10000:1 to 1:50. In embodiments, the composition may comprise the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the Qol in a ratio by weight of 10000:1 to 1:20. In embodiments, the composition comprises the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the Qol in a ratio by weight of 10000:1 to 2:1.

[0100] In embodiments, the composition may comprise the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the DMI in a ratio by weight of 10000:1 to 1:50. In embodiments, the composition may comprise the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the DMI in a ratio by weight of 10000:1 to 1:10. In embodiments, the composition may comprise the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the DMI in a ratio by weight of 10000:1 to 1:1. In embodiments, the composition comprises the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the DMI in a ratio by weight of 10000:1 to 2:1.

[0101] In embodiments, the composition comprises the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the copper-containing compound(s) in a ratio by weight of 500:1 to 1:2.

[0102] In embodiments, the composition comprises between 0.0001% (w / v) and 10% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, preferably between 0.001% (w / v) and 2% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, and the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the other active ingredient(s) in a ratio by weight of 1000000:1 to 1:1000, preferably 100000:1 to 1:100. In embodiments, the composition comprises between 0.0001% (w / v) and 10% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, preferably between 0.001% (w / v) and 2% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, and the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the other active ingredient(s) in a ratio by weight of 1000000:1 to 1:100, preferably 100000:1 to 2:1. In embodiments, the composition comprises between 0.0001% (w / v) and 10% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, preferably between 0.001% (w / v) and 2% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, and the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the OSBPI in a ratio by weight of 100000:1 to 10:1. In embodiments, the composition comprises between 0.0001% (w / v) and 10% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, preferably between 0.001% (w / v) and 2% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, and the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the SDHI in a ratio by weight of 1000:1 to 2:1. In embodiments, the composition comprises between 0.0001% (w / v) and 10% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, preferably between 0.001% (w / v) and 2% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, and the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the Qol in a ratio by weight of 10000:1 to 1:100. In embodiments, the composition comprises between 0.0001% (w / v) and 10% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, preferably between 0.001% (w / v) and 2% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, and the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the Qol in a ratio by weight of 10000:1 to 2:1. In embodiments, the composition comprises between 0.0001% (w / v) and 10% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, preferably between 0.001% (w / v) and 2% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, and the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the DMI in a ratio by weight of 10000:1 to 1:10. In embodiments, the composition comprises between 0.0001% (w / v) and 10% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, preferably between 0.001% (w / v) and 2% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, and the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the DMI in a ratio by weight of 10000:1 to 2:1. In embodiments, the composition comprises between 0.0001% (w / v) and 10% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, preferably between 0.001% (w / v) and 2% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, and the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the copper-containing compound(s) in a ratio by weight of 500:1 to 1:2.

[0103] In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.0001% (w / v) and 10% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, preferably between 0.001% (w / v) and 2% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, and comprising the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the other active ingredient(s) in a ratio by weight of 1000000:1 to 1:100, preferably 100000:1 to 2:1.

[0104] In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.00000001% (w / v) and 5% (w / v) of (each of) the other active ingredient (i.e. SDHI, OSBPI, Qol, DMI and / or, copper- containing compound), preferably between 0.0000001% (w / v) and 0.5% (w / v) of (each of) the other active ingredient, and comprising the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the other active ingredient(s) in a ratio by weight of 1000000:1 to 1:1000, preferably 100000:1 to 1:100.

[0105] In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.00000001% (w / v) and 5% (w / v) of (each of) the other active ingredient (i.e. SDHI, OSBPI, Qol, DMI and / or, copper- containing compound), preferably between 0.0000001% (w / v) and 0.5% (w / v) of (each of) the other active ingredient, and comprising the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the other active ingredient(s) in a ratio by weight of 1000000:1 to 1:100, preferably 100000:1 to 2:1.

[0106] In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.0001% (w / v) and 10% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, preferably between 0.001% (w / v) and 2% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid; and comprising between 0.00000001% (w / v) and 5% (w / v) of (each of) the other active ingredient (i.e. SDHI, OSBPI, Qol, DMI, and / or copper-containing compound), preferably between 0.0000001% (w / v) and 0.5% (w / v) of (each of) the other active ingredient, and comprising the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the other active ingredient(s) in a ratio by weight of 1000000:1 to 1:1000, preferably 100000:1 to 1:100.

[0107] In embodiments, the composition may be a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.0001% (w / v) and 10% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, preferably between 0.001% (w / v) and 2% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid; and comprising between 0.00000001% (w / v) and 5% (w / v) of (each of) the other active ingredient (i.e. SDHI, OSBPI, Qol, DMI, and / or copper-containing compound), preferably between 0.0000001% (w / v) and 0.5% (w / v) of (each of) the other active ingredient, and comprising the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the other active ingredient(s) in a ratio by weight of 1000000:1 to 1:100, preferably 100000:1 to 2:1.

[0108] In embodiments, the composition may be formulated as a liquid (such as an aqueous composition), or a powder or water dispersible granule. In embodiments, the composition may be a solid or powdered composition. In embodiments, the composition may be an aqueous solution, dispersion or emulsion.

[0109] The term "powder" refers to a dry, bulk solid composed of many very fine particles that may flow freely when shaken or tilted.

[0110] The solid composition may need to be dissolved in a liquid, and hence diluted prior to use. Final concentrations (for application) may then be as described above. However, for instance in case of application to the locus of a plant (e.g., soil), the solid composition may be ready to use itself, and need not be dissolved or further diluted prior to use.

[0111] In embodiments, the composition may comprise the choline salt of pelargonic acid and (each of) the other active ingredient(s) in a ratio by weight of 1000000:1 to 1:100, preferably 100000:1 to 2:1.

[0112] The above embodiments equally apply to the compositions defined in the methods and uses according to the invention as described herein elsewhere.

[0113] In embodiments, the composition may further comprise one or more auxiliaries or auxiliary agents such as a solvent, a carrier, a surfactant, a sticker (e.g. an additive or adjuvant to improve adhesive properties of the composition to the plant or part thereof), an antifreeze agent, a thickener, a buffering agent, an antifoaming agent, an antioxidant, a preservative, an aroma, or a colorant.

[0114] Suitable auxiliary agents and inert agents are known in the art and are commercially available. In general, the active ingredients can be combined with any solid or liquid additive customarily used for formulation purposes. A carrier is to be understood as meaning a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic substance which is mixed or combined with the active compounds for better applicability, in particular for application to plants or plant parts. The carrier, which may be solid or liquid, is generally inert and should be suitable for use in agriculture. For instance, liquid carriers may include water, organic solvents, and mineral oils and vegetable oils. Suitable liquefied gaseous extenders or carriers are liquids which are gaseous at ambient temperature and under atmospheric pressure, for example aerosol propellants, such as butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Suitable surfactants are emulsifiers, dispersants or wetting agents having ionic or nonionic properties, or mixtures of these surfactants. It is possible to use colorants such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide, Prussian blue, and organic dyes, such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes and metal phthalocyanine dyes, and trace nutrients, such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc. Stabilizers, such as low-temperature stabilizers, preservatives, antioxidants, light stabilizers or other agents which improve chemical and / or physical stability may also be present. The composition may further comprise other crop protection agents and / or pesticidal agents.

[0115] Examples of typical fungicidal compositions as taught herein include water-soluble liquids (SL), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions in water (EW), suspension concentrates (SC, SE, FS, OD), water-dispersible granules (WG), granules (GR) and capsule concentrates (CS), as known in the art.

[0116] The above embodiments equally apply to the compositions defined in the methods and uses according to the invention as described herein elsewhere.

[0117] A further aspect provides a method of treatment of a biotic disease (such as preferably a fungal disease) on a plant or a part thereof, the method comprising applying a (fungicidal) composition comprising a choline salt of pelargonic acid (i.e., choline pelargonate) and one or more active ingredients selected from the group consisting of a quinone outside inhibitor (Qol), a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), an oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitor (OSBPI), a demethylation inhibitor (DMI), and a copper-containing compound to the plant, part thereof (such as seed), or locus of growth of the plant. The skilled person will understand that such composition may comprise one or more of one of the inhibitor types or classes and / or may comprise one or more different inhibitor types or classes. Preferably, the method is an agricultural method. A further aspect provides a method of treatment of a biotic disease (such as preferably a fungal disease) on a plant or a part thereof, the method comprising applying a (fungicidal) composition according to the invention as described herein elsewhere to the plant, part thereof (such as seed), or locus of growth of the plant. The skilled person will understand that such composition may comprise one or more of one of the inhibitor types or classes and / or may comprise one or more different inhibitor types or classes. Preferably, the method is an agricultural method.

[0118] The term "agricultural" as used herein refers to the activity or business of growing crops such as without limitation cereals (including wheat), fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, fodder, fibre crops, etc, as known in the art.

[0119] In certain embodiments, the method is or comprises a curative treatment. In some embodiments, the method is or comprises a preventive treatment. In certain embodiments, the method is or comprises a curative and / or preventive treatment. In certain embodiments, the method is or comprises a curative and preventive treatment.

[0120] As used throughout this specification, the term "treatment" refers to the alleviation or measurable reduction of one or more measurable symptoms of a disease, such as a biotic (preferably fungal) disease. Measurable reduction includes any statistically significant decline in a measurable symptom. Generally, the term encompasses both curative treatments and treatments directed to reduce symptoms and / or slow progression of the fungal disease. The terms encompass both the curative treatment of an already developed fungal disease such as a fungal infection on a plant or part thereof, as well as prophylactic or preventative measures or treatment, wherein the aim is to prevent or lessen the chances of incidence of a disease. In embodiments, the treatment may be a curative treatment. In other embodiments, the treatment may be a preventative treatment. The term "treatment" may also include delaying the onset and / or progression of a disease. As used herein the terms "delaying the onset" and the like relate to postponement of the onset of a disease or of symptoms associated with the disease. The onset of the disease may for instance be postponed by at least a month, such as half a year or a particular time period during the growth season. The exact time of the onset of the disease may possibly not be unequivocally determined. However, the time of diagnosis of the disorder may serve as a proxy. As used herein the terms "delaying the progression" or "preventing the progression" and the like relate to delaying or preventing the further development of the disease (once it has been established) or the characteristic symptoms of such disease from getting more severe over time. It will be understood that delay or prevention may not need to be indefinite. It will be further understood that such delay or prevention need not be complete, but may also be partial. The terms "preventive treatment", "protective treatment" or "protectant treatment" as used herein refer to preventing or lessening the chances of incidence of a biotic (such as preferably fungal) disease, such as to prevent occurrence, development and progression of a (fungal) disease and / or its (characteristic) symptoms. Accordingly, prevention relates to preventing the onset of a disease or of symptoms associated with a disease, including partial prevention by reducing the severity of the disease or symptoms associated therewith by treatment prior to affliction with said disease. Such prevention or reduction prior to affliction refers to administration of the compound or composition or applying the methods of the invention to a plant (part) that is not at the time of administration afflicted with the disease (or the locus of a plant). Preventing also encompasses (partially) preventing the recurrence or relapse-prevention of a disease or of symptoms associated therewith, for instance after a period of improvement.

[0121] The term "curative treatment" as used herein refers to treating of an already developed biotic (such as preferably fungal) disease, such as reducing, stabilizing, suppressing, and curing an already developed (fungal) disease or alleviation of the characteristic symptoms of such disease. Accordingly, curative treatment relates to amelioration or elimination of a developed disease once it has been established or alleviation of the (characteristic) symptoms of such disease. It is to be understood that complete elimination of the disease need not be achieved for the term treatment to apply. Partial treatment is hence also encompassed by the term (curative) treatment. Also, a future recurrence of the disease does not preclude the term treatment to apply if at one point at least the disease is eliminated or reduced.

[0122] The phrases "preventing or controlling a (fungal) disease" and "treating a (fungal) disease" may be used interchangeably herein, and encompass both the actual treatment of an already developed (fungal) disease, such as reducing, stabilizing, suppressing, and curing an already developed (fungal) disease, as well as prophylactic or preventive measures, wherein the aim is to prevent or lessen the chances of incidence of a (fungal) disease, such as to prevent occurrence, development and progression of a (fungal) disease.

[0123] The terms "plant" or "plant element" as used herein encompasses whole plants, ancestors and progeny of the plants and plant parts, including seeds, shoots, stems, leaves, roots (including tubers), flowers, and tissues and organs. The terms "plant" or "plant element" also refer to plant cells, suspension cultures, callus tissue, embryos, meristematic regions, gametophytes, sporophytes, pollen and microspores. Hence, when the term "plant" or "plant element" is used herein, the term is intended to encompass "a plant, part thereof, or plant cell". The term "plant cell" may encompass a nonpropagating plant cell. The phrases "part of a plant" or "plant part" as used herein refer to any one or more portions of a plant, such as to any one or more of the seeds, shoots, stems, leaves, roots (including tubers), flowers, and tissues and organs of a plant, such as for example meristematic tissue, ground tissue, vascular tissue, dermal tissue, etc. In addition, a "plant part" is intended to generically reference any part of a plant that is able to initiate other plants via either sexual or asexual reproduction of that plant, for example but not limited to: seed, seedling, root, shoot, cutting, scion, graft, stolon, bulb, tuber, corm, keikis, or bud.

[0124] In embodiments, the part of a plant may be any one or more of the seeds, shoots, stems, leaves, roots (including tubers), or flowers. In embodiments, the part of a plant may be the seeds. In certain embodiments, the part of a plant may be the shoots, stems, or leaves. In embodiments, the part of a plant may be the roots (including tubers). In embodiments, the part of a plant may be tissues or organs of a plant.

[0125] In embodiments, the shoots, stems, leaves, roots (including tubers), flowers, seeds, tissues or organs of the plant, when treated according to the methods as taught herein, may be attached to (e.g., growing on) the whole plant. In embodiments, the shoots, stems, leaves, roots (including tubers), flowers, seeds, tissues or organs of the plant, when treated according to the methods as taught herein, may be detached from (e.g., not growing on) the whole plant. Preferably, the shoots, stems, leaves, roots (including tubers), flowers, seeds, tissues or organs of the plant, when treated according to the methods as taught herein, are attached to (e.g., growing on) the whole plant.

[0126] In embodiments, plants may include wild plants and domesticated varieties. In embodiments, plants and plant parts may be developed by any technique, including but not limited to directed evolution, selection, marker assisted selection, hybridization, outcrossing, backcrossing, in-breeding, polyploidization, reverse breeding, doubled haploids, induced mutation, other genetic or epigenetic modifications, and combinations thereof.

[0127] The phrases "locus of a plant" or "locus of growth of a plant" as used herein refers to an area in close proximity of a plant. For instance, the locus of a plant may be a circular area around the plant, e.g., around the stem of a plant, such as a circular area having a diameter of at most 1 meter, for instance at most 50 centimeters (cm), at most 40 cm, at most 30 cm, at most 20 cm, at most 10 cm, or at most 5 cm, around the plant, e.g., around the stem of a plant. The locus of growth may include the growth medium (e.g., soil, hydroponic medium, or hydroculture medium) for cultivating the plant.

[0128] In embodiments, the plant may be a monocotyledon. In embodiments, the plant may be a dicotyledon.

[0129] The terms "monocotyledon" or "monocot" refer to flowering plants (angiosperms) whose seeds typically contain only one embryonic leaf or cotyledon. In embodiments, the plant is a dicotyledon. The terms "dicotyledon" or "dicot" refer to flowering plants (angiosperms) whose seeds typically contain two embryonic leaves or cotyledons.

[0130] The reference to plants includes any plants. In embodiments, the plants may be an angiosperm. In embodiments, the plants may be a gymnosperm. In embodiments, the plant may be an agricultural or horticultural plant. Particularly preferred are agricultural plants, such as fruit or vegetable (producing) plants.

[0131] The terms "agricultural plants", "crops", "horticultural plant", or "plants of agronomic importance" as used herein include plants that are cultivated by humans for but not limited to food, feed, fiber, fuel, gardening, and / or industrial purposes.

[0132] Non-limiting examples of such crop or plant comprise cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye or oats; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits or paprika; fruits, such as pomes, citrus fruit plants, banana, stone fruits or soft fruits; leguminous plants, such as beans, lentils, peas or soybeans; oil plants, such as rape, mustard, sunflowers, castor oil plants, cocoa beans or groundnuts; cucurbit plants; grape vines; nuts; ornamental plants; such as flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees or evergreens.

[0133] In certain embodiments, the plant may be a crop selected from the group consisting of maize, soybean, alfalfa, cotton, sunflower, Brassica napus (e.g. canola, rapeseed), Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea (e.g. (field) mustard), Brassica carinata, Arecaceae sp. (e.g. oilpalm, coconut), rice, wheat, sugar beet, sugar cane, oats, rye, barley, millet, sorghum, triticale, flax, nuts, grapes, and various fruit and vegetables from various botanic taxa, e.g. Rosaceae sp. (e.g. pome fruits such as apples and pears; stone fruits such as apricots, cherries, almonds, plums and peaches; berry fruits such as strawberries, raspberries, red and black currant and gooseberry), Ribesioidae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp. (e.g. olive tree), Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp. (e.g. avocado, cinnamon, camphor), Musaceae sp. (e.g. banana trees and plantations), Rubiaceae sp. (e.g. coffee), Theaceae sp. (e.g. tea), Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae sp. (e.g. lemons, oranges, mandarins and grapefruit); Solanaceae sp. (e.g. tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, capsicum, aubergines, tobacco), Liliaceae sp., Compositae sp. (e.g. lettuce; artichokes; and chicory including root chicory, endive or common chicory), Umbelliferae sp. (e.g. carrots, parsley, celery and celeriac), Cucurbitaceae sp. (e.g. cucumbers including gherkins; pumpkins; watermelons; calabashes; and melons), Alliaceae sp. (e.g. leeks, garlic, and onions), Cruciferae sp. (e.g. white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, pak choi, kohlrabi, radishes, horseradish, cress and Chinese cabbage), Leguminosae sp. (e.g. peanuts, peas, lentils and beans, e.g. common beans and broad beans), Chenopodiaceae sp. (e.g. Swiss chard, fodder beet, spinach, beetroot), Linaceae sp. (e.g. hemp), Cannabeacea sp. (e.g. cannabis), Malvaceae sp. (e.g. okra, cocoa), Papaveraceae (e.g. poppy), Asparagaceae (e.g. asparagus); useful plants and ornamental plants in the garden and woods including turf, lawn, grass and Stevia rebaudiana; and in each case genetically modified types of these plants.

[0134] In certain embodiments, the plant may be a crop selected from maize, soybean or other beans, cotton or other fiber plants, wheat, barley, sorghum, millet, oats, rye, triticale, rice or other cereals, sugar cane, pome fruit trees, stone fruit trees, nut trees or other orchard trees, alfalfa or other leguminous crops, sugar beet, fodder beet, papaya, banana and plantains or other fruits, grapevines, oilseed rape, sunflower or other oil crops, squash cucumber, melons or other cucurbits, palm, jatropha or other fuel crops, cabbages, potato, tomato, pepper or other vegetables, ornamentals, shrubs, poplar, eucalyptus or other trees, evergreens, grasses, coffee plants, tea plants, tobacco plants, hop plants, rubber plants, and latex plants.

[0135] In certain embodiments, the plant may be a member of the cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits, nuts, oilseeds, or ornamental plants.

[0136] In embodiments, the plant is a cereal plant. The terms "cereal" or "cereal plant" refer to any grass cultivated for the edible components of its grain (caryopsis), composed of the endosperm, germ, and bran.

[0137] In embodiments, the plant is selected from the group consisting of wheat, maize, barley, rice, millet, rye, triticale, sorghum, emmer, spelt, einkorn, teff, milo, and oats. In certain embodiments, the plant is from the genus Triticum. In preferred embodiments, the plant is wheat (Triticum aestivum and related varieties, including (agriculturally relevant) hybrids).

[0138] In certain embodiments, the plant is from the genus Glycine. In certain preferred embodiments, the plant is soybean (Glycine max).

[0139] In certain embodiments, the plant is from the genus Vitis. In certain preferred embodiments, the plant is grapevine (Vitis vinifera).

[0140] In embodiments, the plant is wheat, soy, or a grapevine plant.

[0141] The plant may be a non-modified plant or a modified plant. As used herein, a plant may be "modified" when it comprises an artificially introduced genetic or epigenetic "modification". In some embodiments, the modification is introduced by a genome engineering technology. In some embodiments, the modification is introduced by a targeted nuclease. In some embodiments, targeted nucleases include, but are not limited to, transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN), zinc finger nuclease (ZNF), clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), CRISPR / Cas9, CRISPR / CPFL and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the modification is an epigenetic modification. In some embodiments, the modification is introduced by treatment with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor such as 5-azacytidine, or a histone deacetylase inhibitor such as 2- amino-7-methoxy-3H-phenoxazin-3-one. In some embodiments, the modification is introduced via tissue culture. In some embodiments, a modified plant may comprise a transgene. In embodiments, the plant may be a non-transgenic plant or a transgenic plant.

[0142] The terms "recombinant", "transgenic" or "transgene" as used herein, for example with regard to a plant, refer to those plants brought about by recombinant methods in which a nucleic acid sequence and / or genetic control sequence(s) which are operably linked to the nucleic acid sequence are not located in their natural genetic environment. The natural genetic environment is understood as meaning the natural genomic or chromosomal locus in the original plant. A naturally occurring nucleic acid sequence (e.g., a naturally occurring combination of the native promoter of a nucleic acid sequence, the corresponding native nucleic acid sequence encoding a protein, and the native transcription termination sequence of a nucleic acid sequence) becomes a recombinant nucleic acid when this nucleic acid is not integrated in the natural genetic environment but in a different genetic environment as a result of an isolation of said nucleic acid from its natural genetic environment and re-insertion at a different genetic environment.

[0143] The (fungicidal) compositions, methods and uses as taught herein can provide for advantages in plants treated therewith relative to untreated plants. An "untreated plant" refers to a plant of the same species as (e.g., which is isogenic to or genetically identical to) and grown under substantially the same conditions as (e.g., for the same amount of time, in the same climate, and cultivated according to the same methods using the same materials) a plant which has been administered a (fungicidal) composition as taught herein, except that the untreated plant has not been administered said (fungicidal) composition to the plant, a part thereof, or locus of the plant. The term may be used synonymously to "reference plant" or "reference", a plant genetically identical to and handled in substantially identical ways to a treated plant, with the exception of the treatment under investigation, and which thus offers a meaningful and informative control for detecting the effects of said treatment. A treated plant and a control reference plant are thus be exposed to substantially the same environmental conditions.

[0144] In certain embodiments, the disease as referred to herein is a biotic disease, i.e., a disease caused by a living organism. In certain embodiments, the disease is caused by a prokaryote or a eukaryote, preferably a eukaryote. In certain embodiments, the disease is caused by a bacterium, protist, or fungus, preferably a fungus (including yeasts). Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment, the disease is a fungal disease.

[0145] The terms "fungal disease" or "fungal infection" may be used interchangeably herein.

[0146] In embodiments, the fungal disease is a fungal disease on an agricultural or horticultural crop. In embodiments, the fungal disease is selected from one or more phytopathogenic fungi. Phytopathogenic fungi may belong to the Ascomycetes (e.g. Venturia, Podosphaera, Erysiphe, Monilinia, Mycosphaerella, Uncinula, Aspergillus, Magnaporthe spp. (Magnaporthaceae), Thielaviopsis spp. (Ceratocysidaceae)); Basidiomycetes (e.g. the genus Hemileia, Rhizoctonia, Phakopsora, Puccinia, Ustilago, Tilleda, Armillaria); Fungi imperfect! (e.g. Botrytis, Helminthosporium, Rhynchosporium, Fusarium, Septoria, Cercospora, Alternaria, Pyricularia and Pseudocercosporella); Oomycetes (e.g. Phytophthora, Peronospora, Pseudoperonospora, Albugo, Bremia, Pythium, Pseudosclerospora, Hyaloperonospora, Plasmopara). In embodiments, the phytopathogenic fungus may be selected from the group consisting of Colletotrichum, Botrytis, Alternaria, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, Verticillium, Pythium, Phytophthora, Puccinia, Erysiphales (incl. powdery mildew) and Peronosporaceae (incl. downy mildew); preferably wherein the phytopathogenic fungus is Blumeria graminis, Plasmopara viticola, and / or Phakopsora pachyrhizi.

[0147] In embodiments, the fungal disease may be Blumeria ssp., Colletotrichum spp., Botrytis spp., Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Sclerotinia spp., Verticillium spp., Pythium spp., Phytophthora spp., Puccinia spp., Peronospora spp., Magnaporthe spp., Armillaria spp, Ustilago spp., Phakopsora spp., Guignardia spp.., Venturia spp., Monilinia spp., Septoria spp., Mycosphaerella spp., Erysiphe spp., Podosphaera spp., Plasmopara spp., Pyrenophora spp., Ramularia spp., Rhynchosporium spp., Sphaerotheca spp., Diplocarpon spp., Didymella spp., Microdochium spp., Penicillium spp., and Cladosporium spp.; preferably wherein the fungal disease is Blumeria graminis, Plasmopara viticola, Septoria tritici, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria solani, and / or Colletotrichum coccodes; more preferably wherein the fungal disease is Blumeria graminis, Plasmopara viticola, and / or Phakopsora pachyrhizi.

[0148] In embodiments, the biotic disease is a phytopathogenic fungal infection. In embodiments, the biotic disease may be a phytopathogenic fungal infection caused by a fungus selected from the group consisting of Blumeria spp., Colletotrichum spp., Botrytis spp., Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Sclerotinia spp., Verticillium spp., Pythium spp., Phytophthora spp., Puccinia spp., Peronospora spp., Magnaporthe spp., Armillaria spp, Ustilago spp., Phakopsora spp., Guignardia spp., Venturia spp., Monilinia spp., Septaria spp., Mycosphaerella spp., Erysiphe spp., Podosphaera spp., Plasmopara spp., Pyrenophora spp., Ramularia spp., Rhynchosporium spp., Sphaerotheca spp., Diplocarpon spp., Didymella spp., Microdochium spp., Penicillium spp., and Cladosporium spp. Preferably, the phytopathogenic fungal infection is caused by Blumeria graminis, Plasmopara viticola, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria solani, and / or Colletotrichum coccodes.

[0149] In embodiments, the fungal disease may be one or more of Blumeria ssp., Colletotrichum spp., Alternaria spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Phakopsora spp., Septaria spp., and Plasmopara spp.. In embodiments, the fungal disease may be one or more of Blumeria ssp., Colletotrichum spp., Alternaria spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Phakopsora spp., and Plasmopara spp..

[0150] In embodiments, the fungal disease is Blumeria graminis, Plasmopara viticola, Septaria tritici, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria solani, and / or Colletotrichum coccodes. In embodiments, the fungal disease is Blumeria graminis, Plasmopara viticola, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria solani, and / or Colletotrichum coccodes. In embodiments, the fungal disease may be Rhizoctonia solani, Plasmopara viticola, Alternaria solani, and / or Colletotrichum coccodes.

[0151] In embodiments, the methods as taught herein comprise applying (i.e. administering, delivering, providing, putting on) the fungicidal composition as taught herein to the plant, part thereof, or locus of growth of the plant. Hence, in embodiments, the methods as taught herein comprise applying (i.e. administering, delivering, providing, putting on) a fungicidal composition comprising a choline salt of pelargonic acid and the one or more other active ingredient (i.e. SDHI, OSBPI, Qol, DMI, and / or copper- containing compound) to the plant, part thereof, or locus of growth of the plant.

[0152] The skilled person will understand which fungicide is active against which pathogen and hence use the appropriate fungicide to treat a particular pathogen. Moreover, the skilled person will understand which plant or crop is susceptible to which, and hence will be able to provide the appropriate fungicidal composition of the invention for treating a particular fungal infection in a particular plant or crop. The skilled person is knowledgeable about suitable concentrations or dosage regimes of particular fungicides of the SDHI, OSBPI, Qol, DMI, and copper-containing compound classes for treating particular infections on particular crops, and may hence apply suitable concentrations or dosages (e.g., according to the manufacturer's recommendations). Underlying the invention is the surprising finding that when combined with choline pelargonate a synergistic action is achieved. Accordingly, combining the prescribed / known dose of the SDHI, OSBPI, Qol, DMI, and copper-containing compound fungicide with choline pelargonate results in a synergistic increase of treatment. Alternatively, due to the 1 synergistic action, a lower SDHI, OSBPI, Qol, DMI, and copper-containing compound dose combined with choline pelargonate may result in the same treatment effect as the treatment effect achieved with the prescribed / known dose of the SDHI, OSBPI, Qol, DMI, or copper-containing compound fungicide alone.

[0153] In embodiments, the fungicidal composition as taught herein may be applied to the plant, part of the plant, or to the locus of growth of the plant when present on a field.

[0154] The terms "field" or "agricultural field" may be used interchangeably herein and refer to an area of land used for agricultural purposes such as cultivating crops.

[0155] In embodiments, the composition as taught herein may be applied to the part of the plant, such as to a leaf, when the part of the plant is present on or attached to (e.g. is growing on) the plant.

[0156] In embodiments, the fungicidal composition as taught herein may be applied to the whole of the above-ground part of the plant. In embodiments, the fungicidal composition as taught herein may be sprayed on the plant, part thereof, or locus of growth of the plant. In embodiments of the methods or uses as taught herein, the composition as taught herein may be applied to (e.g., sprayed on) the whole of the above-ground part of the plant. Accordingly, in embodiments, the composition as taught herein may be applied to (e.g., sprayed on) any one or more of the shoots, stems, leaves, flowers, or seeds of the plant. In embodiments, the composition as taught herein may be applied to (e.g., sprayed on) any one or more of the shoots and the leaves of the plant. In embodiments, the composition as taught herein may be applied to (e.g., sprayed on) the leaves of the plant. In embodiments, the composition as taught herein may be applied to (e.g., sprayed on) seeds or fruits of a plant. The skilled person will understand that the seed may include the seed coat (testa) or hull (husk).

[0157] Hence, an aspect provides a method for treating a fungal infection on a plant or a part thereof, the method comprising applying a fungicidal composition comprising a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more SDHI, OSBPI, Qol, DMI and / or, copper-containing compound to the shoots and the leaves of the plant.

[0158] In embodiments, sprayable liquids may be applied by spraying the plant, part thereof, or locus of growth of the plant by conventional spraying equipment as known in the art, such as airplanes, backpack sprayers, tractor mounted boom sprayers etc.

[0159] In embodiments, application of the composition as taught herein to the plant, part thereof, or locus of growth of the plant may be carried out directly or by action on their surroundings or habitat using customary treatment methods, for example by dipping, spraying, atomizing, irrigating, evaporating, dusting, fogging, broadcasting, foaming, painting, spreading-on, watering (drenching) or drip irrigating. In embodiments, the method may comprise spraying, sprinkling, showering, spritzing, spreading in droplets, spattering; dispersing, diffusing, or douching the plant, part thereof, or locus of growth of the plant with the composition as taught herein.

[0160] In embodiments, the application may be single application or frequent (multiple) applications, at the same or varying time intervals. In embodiments, the application may be performed at least once, at least two times, at least three times, at least four times, at least five times, or at least six times. Preferably, the application may be repeated as needed during the growing season. Such a treatment regimen advantageously results in effective treatment of the fungal disease on the plant or part thereof such as Plasmopara viticola on a grapevine or Blumeria graminis on a cereal such as wheat.

[0161] In certain embodiments, the time interval between two subsequent applications may be from one day to eight weeks (about two months). In certain embodiments, the time interval between two subsequent applications may be from three days to four weeks (one month), preferably from four days to four weeks (one month), more preferably from five days to four weeks (one month). For instance, the time interval between two subsequent applications may be from four days to three weeks, from five days to two weeks, or from six days to ten days. The time interval between two subsequent applications may be at least one day, at least two days, at least three days, at least four days, at least five days, at least six days, at least seven days (one week), at least eight days, at least nine days, at least ten days, or at least two weeks. Preferably, the time interval between two subsequent applications may be at least five days. Preferably, the application may be performed at least once, such as at least two times, at least three times, at least four times or at least five times, and the time interval between two subsequent applications may be at least one week. Such a treatment regimen advantageously results in effective treatment of the fungal disease on the plant or part thereof.

[0162] In embodiments, the method as taught herein comprises applying the (fungicidal) composition as taught herein to a plant, part thereof, or locus of growth of the plant in an amount effective to prevent or control the (fungal) disease on the plant or part thereof.

[0163] In embodiments, choline pelargonate may be applied at a dose rate of at least 0.01 kg / ha to the plant, part thereof, or locus of growth of the plant. In embodiments, choline pelargonate may be applied at a dose rate of at least 0.02 kg / ha, at least 0.04 kg / ha, at least 0.06 kg / ha, at least 0.08 kg / ha, or at least 0.1 kg / ha to the plant, part thereof, or locus of growth of the plant. For instance, choline pelargonate may be applied at a dose rate of at least 0.2 kg / ha, at least 0.4 kg / ha, at least 0.6 kg / ha, at least 0.8 kg / ha, at least 1.0 kg / ha, at least 1.5 kg / ha, at least 2.0 kg / ha, or at least 2.5 kg / ha to the plant, part thereof, or locus of growth of the plant.

[0164] In embodiments, choline pelargonate may be applied at a dose rate of 0.01 kg / ha to 10 kg / ha, preferably 0.01 kg / ha to 5 kg / ha, to the plant, part thereof, or locus of growth of the plant. In embodiments, choline pelargonate may be applied at a dose rate of 0.04 kg / ha to 5.0 kg / ha, 0.1 kg / ha to 4.0 kg / ha, or 0.2 kg / ha to 10 kg / ha, 0.4 kg / ha to 8.0 kg / ha, 0.5 kg / ha to 5.0 kg / ha, 0.6 kg / ha to 4.0 kg / ha, 0.8 kg / ha to 4.0 kg / ha, 0.75 kg / ha to 3.0 kg / h, 0.8 kg / ha to 3.0 kg / ha, or 1.0 kg / ha to 3.0 kg / ha, to the plant, part thereof, or locus of growth of the plant. Preferably, choline pelargonate is applied at a dose rate of 0.1 kg / ha to 5.0 kg / ha, 0.5 kg / ha to 5.0 kg / ha, or 1.5 kg / ha to 5.0 kg / ha to the plant, part thereof, or locus of growth of the plant. Such dosages advantageously result in more effective treatment of the fungal disease on the plant or part thereof when compared to treatment with either a salt of choline pelargonate or the SDHI, OSBPI, Qol, DMI, or copper-containing compound alone.

[0165] As used herein, the term "dose rate" refers to the amount of active ingredient in kilogram (e.g., choline pelargonate) to be applied par hectare.

[0166] In certain embodiments, the spray water volume as described herein may be applied in an amount ranging from at least 10 l / ha to at most 3500 l / ha, such as between 10 l / ha and 1500 l / ha, preferably ranging from 300 l / ha to 800 l / ha.

[0167] As used herein, the term "spray water volume" refers to the amount of liquid composition in litre which is to be applied per hectare. It will be understood that the liquid composition has the appropriate concentration of the active ingredients which may depend on the actual amount of liquid to be applied per hectare. The skilled person will understand that a higher active ingredient concentration may result less spray water volume needing to be applied and vice versa that a lower active ingredient may result in more spray water volume needing to be applied in order to achieve the desired dosage regime. The spray water volume may therefore depend on the concentration of the active ingredients in the sprayable liquid, as described herein elsewhere, such as in the compositions of the invention as described herein. The skilled person will further understand that the spray water volume may depend on the crop to be treated.

[0168] In embodiments, the disease severity index (DSI) or intensity (in percentage) of crop damage caused by the fungal disease, such as Blumeria graminis, may be calculated by the formula (1):

[0169] DSI (%) = Z (class frequency x score of rating class) / (total number of plants) x (maximal rating class) x 100 Disease severity can be individually assessed for each plant by estimating disease symptoms of the fungal disease one or more days after inoculation. For instance, disease severity can be individually assessed for each plant by estimating disease symptoms, such as of B. graminis (pathogen white spots) 12 days after inoculation. Disease severity can for instance be classified using an arbitrarily grading scale 0-5 where: Class 0: no visible sign (0 spots); Class 1: 1-2 spots; Class 2: 3-5 spots; Class 3: 6-10 spots; Class 4: 11-15 spots; Class 5: >15 spots, and then converted to disease severity index (DSI) expressed as a percentage according to above-mentioned formula (1). The skilled person will understand that for different pathogens and plants similar considerations may apply. Alternatively, disease severity may for instance be determined as percentage of leaf area affected by / covered by the pathogen, as is known in the art. Alternatively, disease incidence (such as % of diseased leaves) may be determined as a measure of disease burden.

[0170] In embodiments, the efficacy level (in percentage) of a fungicide (such as choline pelargonate alone or the composition as taught herein) may be calculated according to formula (2):

[0171] Efficacy level (%) = (ISK - ISP) x ( ISK)1x 100 (2) wherein: ISK = intensity of crop damage by the fungal disease in the control (without fungicide); and ISP = intensity of crop damage by the fungal disease in fungicide treatment. The intensity of crop damage may be calculated by formula (1) as provided herein.

[0172] In embodiments, the disease index (in percentage) caused by a fungal disease, such as Alternaria solani, may be calculated by the following formula (1'): 100

[0173] The disease index can be assessed in a spore germination test (e.g., in a 96-well plate), such as by determining the spore germination class of the fungal disease one or more days after inoculation (DAI) such as one, two, three, four, five, six, seven or more days after inoculation (e.g., in each well of the 96-well plate). The assessments may be performed by visually checking the spores (e.g., in each well of a 96-well plate) and rating them in classes between 0 and 5, where: 0: no germination tube, 1: germination tube at least as long as diameter of spore, 2: germination tube elongates, 3: hyphae elongate and grow over each other, 4: individual fungus no longer visible, 5: mycelium is visible without microscope. Based on these classes, a disease index per tested composition (object) can be calculated by formula (1'). In formula (1') the "number of assessments" may refer to the number of wells or the number of plates depending on the type of assay which is performed. For instance, when the disease index is assessed in a spore germination test using a well plate, the number of assessments equals the number of wells.

[0174] Further, the disease index may be used to calculate the efficacy (in percentage) of the compositions (objects) by following formula (2'): 100

[0175] Synergism of the antifungal compositions can be and is preferably determined using the Colby formula (3). In the Colby formula, the responses of chemicals applied singly are used in calculating the expected response when they are combined. This expected response (Ecoiby) for a given combination of two chemicals assuming no interaction can be calculated as follows: Ecoiby = (Pi + P2) - (Pi*P / W0) (3) wherein P-L and P2 are the respective efficacies of the two compounds (in %), where efficacy means the percentage of inhibition of growth of a certain fungus at a certain concentration of the fungicide, or the percentage of inhibition of symptoms on the plant caused by the pathogen or any other indicators for disease caused by the pathogen.

[0176] For a determination of synergism, the % synergism (%S) between the observed experimental efficacy of the mixture Emeasured and the expected efficacy Ecoiby of the mixture is calculated by formula (4):

[0177] %S— Emeasured " Ecoiby. (4)

[0178] A positive value for %S is indicative for a synergistic response while a negative value is indicative for an antagonistic response.

[0179] In embodiments, the disease burden or disease severity (such as the disease severity index (DSI), the percentage of leaf area (visibly) affected / infected, or the percentage of leaves (visibly) affected / infected) after treatment with the (fungicidal) composition as taught herein may be at most 25%, at most 20%, or at most 15%, such as at most 14%, at most 13%, at most 12%, at most 11%, at most 10%, such as at most 9%, at most 8%, at most 7%, at most 6%, or at most 5%, or even less such as at most 4%, at most 3%, at most 2%, or at most 1%.

[0180] In embodiments, the disease burden or disease severity (such as the disease severity index (DSI), the percentage of leaf area (visibly) affected / infected, or the percentage of leaves (visibly) affected / infected) after treatment with the (fungicidal) composition as taught herein may be at most 90%, at most 80%, at most 70%, at most 60%, or at most 50%.

[0181] In embodiments, the disease burden or disease severity (such as the disease severity index (DSI), the percentage of leaf area (visibly) affected / infected, or the percentage of leaves (visibly) affected / infected) after treatment with the (fungicidal) composition as taught herein may be at most 15%, such as at most 14%, at most 13%, at most 12%, at most 11%, at most 10%, such as at most 9%, at most 8%, at most 7%, at most 6%, or at most 5%, or even less such as at most 4%, at most 3%, at most 2%, or at most 1%.

[0182] In embodiments, the disease burden or disease severity (such as the disease severity index (DSI), the percentage of leaf area (visibly) affected / infected, or the percentage of leaves (visibly) affected / infected) after treatment with the (fungicidal) composition as taught herein may be at least 5% lower, at least 10% lower, at least 20% lower, at least 30% lower, at least 40% lower, at least 50% lower, at least 60% lower, at least 70% lower, at least 80% lower, or at least 90% lower than the disease burden or disease severity (such as the disease severity index (DSI), the percentage of leaf area (visibly) affected / infected, or the percentage of leaves (visibly) affected / infected) before treatment with the (fungicidal) composition as taught herein (or compared to plants not treated).

[0183] In embodiments, the efficacy level of the fungicidal composition as taught herein may be at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 75%, such as at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, or at least 95%.

[0184] In embodiments, the % synergism between the observed experimental efficacy of the fungicidal composition and the expected efficacy of the fungicidal composition may be positive, for instance, the % synergism between the observed experimental efficacy of the fungicidal composition and the expected efficacy of the fungicidal composition may be at least 1%, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20% or at least 25%.

[0185] In embodiments, the yield, such as grain yield, fruit yield, (edible) biomass yield, etc, after application of the fungicidal composition as taught herein may be enhanced (i.e., increased) by at least about 5% relative to (i.e., compared with) (i.e., the yield after application of the composition as taught herein may be at least about 1.05-fold) the yield without fungicide treatment (i.e., untreated control).

[0186] As used herein, the term "yield" preferably refers to the yield of a harvested or harvestable part of the plant, such as without limitation grains, seeds, green mass, fruits, tubers, bulbs, flowers, etc..

[0187] As used herein the phrases "grain yield" or "seed yield" refer to the number or weight of the seeds per plant, seeds per pod, or per growing area or to the weight of a single seed. Hence grain yield can be affected by seed dimensions (e.g., length, width, perimeter, area, and / or volume), number of (filled) seeds and seed filling rate. An increased grain yield per growing area could be obtained by increasing grain yield per plant, and / or by increasing the number of plants grown on the same growing area. The grain yield may be expressed as kg / ha or kg / m2.

[0188] The term "seed" (also referred to as "grain" or "kernel") as used herein refers to a small embryonic plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat (usually with some stored food). The seed is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant.

[0189] In embodiments, the yield (e.g. expressed as kg / area) after application of the composition as taught herein may be enhanced by (i.e., increased by) at least about 5% (i.e., may be at least 1.05-fold), at least about 10% (i.e., may be at least 1.10-fold), at least about 15% (i.e., 1.15-fold), at least about 20% (i.e., 1.20-fold), at least about 25% (i.e., 1.25-fold), at least about 30% (i.e., 1.30-fold), at least about 35% (i.e., 1.35-fold), at least about 40% (i.e., 1.40-fold), at least about 45% (i.e., 1.45-fold), at least about 50% (i.e., 1.50-fold), at least about 55% (i.e., 1.55-fold), at least about 60% (i.e., 1.60-fold), at least about 65% (i.e., 1.65-fold), at least about 70% (i.e., 1.70-fold), at least about 75% (i.e., 1.75-fold), at least about 80% (i.e., 1.80-fold), at least about 85% (i.e., 1.85-fold), at least about 90% (i.e., 1.90- fold), at least about 95% (i.e., 1.95-fold), or at least about 100% relative to (i.e., compared with) (i.e., 2-fold) the grain yield (e.g. expressed as kg / area) without fungicide treatment (i.e., untreated control).

[0190] Accordingly, an aspect of the present invention provides a method for enhancing (i.e., increasing) the grain yield of a plant relative to (i.e., compared with) the yield without fungicide treatment (i.e., untreated control), the method comprising applying a fungicidal composition comprising: a choline salt of pelargonic acid, and a SDHI, an OSBPI, a Qol, DMI and / or, a copper-containing compound to the plant, part thereof, or locus of growth of the plant. Preferably, the plant is a cereal plant such as wheat, a legume plant such as soybean or a berry-producing plant such as grapevine.

[0191] A further aspect of the invention relates to the use of a composition as defined herein as a fungicidal composition or in the curative or preventive treatment of a phytopathogenic fungal infection on a plant or part thereof. Hence, an aspect relates to the use of a composition comprising a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more active ingredients selected from the group consisting of a Qol, a SDHI, an OSBPI, a DMI, and a copper-containing compound as a fungicidal composition or in the curative or preventive treatment of a phytopathogenic fungal infection on a plant or part thereof.

[0192] A further aspect relates to the use of a (fungicidal) composition comprising a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more active ingredients selected from the group consisting of a quinone outside inhibitor (Qol), a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), an oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitor (OSBPI), a demethylation inhibitor (DMI), and a copper-containing compound in the treatment of a fungal disease on a plant or part thereof. A related aspect provides the use of a (fungicidal) composition comprising a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more active ingredients selected from the group consisting of a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), an oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitor (OSBPI), a quinone outside inhibitor (Qol), a demethylation inhibitor (DMI), and a copper-containing compound in the prevention or control of a fungal disease on a plant or part thereof.

[0193] A further aspect relates to the use of a (fungicidal) composition according to the invention as described herein elsewhere in the treatment of a fungal disease on a plant or part thereof. A related aspect provides the use of a (fungicidal) composition according to the invention as described herein elsewhere in the prevention or control of a fungal disease on a plant or part thereof.

[0194] A further aspect provides a method of treating a seed of a plant, the method comprising applying a composition as defined herein to the seed. Hence, a further aspect provides a method of treating a seed of a plant, the method comprising applying a composition comprising a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more active ingredients selected from the group consisting of a Qol, a SDHI, an OSBPI, a DMI, and a copper-containing compound to the seed. Such method may advantageously allow to protect the seed or a plant growing or grown from the seed from developing a biotic disease such as a phytopathogenic fungal infection or may allow to reduce of one or more measurable symptoms of the disease on the seed or plant growing or grown from the seed.

[0195] A further aspect relates to a plant or plant part comprising or coated with or treated with a (fungicidal) composition comprising a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more active ingredients selected from the group consisting of a quinone outside inhibitor (Qol), a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), an oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitor (OSBPI), a demethylation inhibitor (DMI), and a copper-containing compound. Such a plant or plant part may advantageous be protected from developing a biotic disease such as a phytopathogenic fungal infection or may show a reduction of one or more measurable symptoms of the disease.

[0196] A further aspect relates to plant or plant part comprising or coated with or treated with a composition according to the invention as described herein elsewhere.

[0197] A further aspect relates to a seed comprising or coated with or treated with a (fungicidal) composition comprising a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more active ingredients selected from the group consisting of a quinone outside inhibitor (Qol), a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), an oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitor (OSBPI), a demethylation inhibitor (DMI), and a copper- containing compound. A further aspect relates to seed comprising or coated with or treated with a composition according to the invention as described herein elsewhere.

[0198] Suitable compositions for use according to the invention as set out in the below preferred embodiments.

[0199] (1) Composition comprising choline pelargonate and oxathiapiprolin. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of oxathiapiprolin ranges from 0.00000001 to 0.01% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and the concentration of oxathiapiprolin ranges from 0.00000001 to 0.01% (w / v). Preferably, the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and oxathiapiprolin ranges from 100000:1 to 10:1. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and oxathiapiprolin ranges from 100000:1 to 10:1. Preferably, the concentration of oxathiapiprolin ranges from 0.00000001 to 0.01% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and oxathiapiprolin ranges from 100000:1 to 10:1. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and the concentration of oxathiapiprolin ranges from 0.00000001 to 0.01% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and oxathiapiprolin ranges from 100000:1 to 10:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of oxathiapiprolin ranges from 0.00000001 to 0.01% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection, wherein the concentration of oxathiapiprolin ranges from 0.00000001 to 0.01% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of oxathiapiprolin ranges from 0.00000001 to 0.01% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of oxathiapiprolin ranges from 0.00000001 to 0.01% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of oxathiapiprolin ranges from 0.00000001 to 0.01% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of oxathiapiprolin ranges from 0.00000001 to 0.01% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and oxathiapiprolin ranges from 100000:1 to 10:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and oxathiapiprolin ranges from 100000:1 to 10:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and oxathiapiprolin ranges from 100000:1 to 10:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and oxathiapiprolin ranges from 100000:1 to 10:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and oxathiapiprolin ranges from 100000:1 to 10:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and oxathiapiprolin ranges from 100000:1 to 10:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of oxathiapiprolin ranges from 0.00000001 to 0.01% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and oxathiapiprolin ranges from 100000:1 to 10:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection, wherein the concentration of oxathiapiprolin ranges from 0.00000001 to 0.01% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and oxathiapiprolin ranges from 100000:1 to 10:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of oxathiapiprolin ranges from 0.00000001 to 0.01% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and oxathiapiprolin ranges from 100000:1 to 10:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of oxathiapiprolin ranges from 0.00000001 to 0.01% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and oxathiapiprolin ranges from 100000:1 to 10:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of oxathiapiprolin ranges from 0.00000001 to 0.01% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and oxathiapiprolin ranges from 100000:1 to 10:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of oxathiapiprolin ranges from 0.00000001 to 0.01% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and oxathiapiprolin ranges from 100000:1 to 10:1.

[0200] (2) Composition comprising choline pelargonate and fluxapyroxad. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of fluxapyroxad ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and the concentration of fluxapyroxad ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluxapyroxad ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluxapyroxad ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the concentration of fluxapyroxad ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluxapyroxad ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and the concentration of fluxapyroxad ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluxapyroxad ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection in wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of fluxapyroxad ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection, wherein the concentration of fluxapyroxad ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection in wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of fluxapyroxad ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection in wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of fluxapyroxad ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of fluxapyroxad ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection in wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of fluxapyroxad ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluxapyroxad ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluxapyroxad ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection in wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluxapyroxad ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluxapyroxad ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluxapyroxad ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection in wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluxapyroxad ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of fluxapyroxad ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluxapyroxad ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection, wherein the concentration of fluxapyroxad ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluxapyroxad ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection in wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of fluxapyroxad ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluxapyroxad ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of fluxapyroxad ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluxapyroxad ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of fluxapyroxad ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluxapyroxad ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection in wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of fluxapyroxad ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluxapyroxad ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1.

[0201] (3) Composition comprising choline pelargonate and fluopyram. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of fluopyram ranges from 0.001 to 0.1% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and the concentration of fluopyram ranges from 0.001 to 0.1% (w / v). Preferably, the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluopyram ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluopyram ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the concentration of fluopyram ranges from 0.001 to 0.1% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluopyram ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and the concentration of fluopyram ranges from 0.001 to 0.1% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluopyram ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection in wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of fluopyram ranges from 0.001 to 0.1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection, wherein the concentration of fluopyram ranges from 0.001 to 0.1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection in wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of fluopyram ranges from 0.001 to 0.1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection in wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of fluopyram ranges from 0.001 to 0.1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of fluopyram ranges from 0.001 to 0.1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection in wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of fluopyram ranges from 0.001 to 0.1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluopyram ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluopyram ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection in wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluopyram ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluopyram ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluopyram ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection in wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluopyram ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of fluopyram ranges from 0.001 to 0.1% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluopyram ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection, wherein the concentration of fluopyram ranges from 0.001 to 0.1% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluopyram ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection in wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of fluopyram ranges from 0.001 to 0.1% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluopyram ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of fluopyram ranges from 0.001 to 0.1% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluopyram ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of fluopyram ranges from 0.001 to 0.1% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluopyram ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Blumeria graminis infection in wheat (varieties or hybrids) plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of fluopyram ranges from 0.001 to 0.1% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and fluopyram ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1.

[0202] (4) Composition comprising choline pelargonate and azoxystrobin. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of azoxystrobin ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and the concentration of azoxystrobin ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and azoxystrobin ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and azoxystrobin ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the concentration of azoxystrobin ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and azoxystrobin ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and the concentration of azoxystrobin ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and azoxystrobin ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of azoxystrobin ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of azoxystrobin ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of azoxystrobin ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of azoxystrobin ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of azoxystrobin ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of azoxystrobin ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and azoxystrobin ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and azoxystrobin ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and azoxystrobin ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and azoxystrobin ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and azoxystrobin ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and azoxystrobin ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of azoxystrobin ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and azoxystrobin ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of azoxystrobin ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and azoxystrobin ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of azoxystrobin ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and azoxystrobin ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of azoxystrobin ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and azoxystrobin ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of azoxystrobin ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and azoxystrobin ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of azoxystrobin ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and azoxystrobin ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1.

[0203] (5) Composition comprising choline pelargonate and pyraclostrobin. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of pyraclostrobin ranges from 0.00001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and the concentration of pyraclostrobin ranges from 0.00001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and pyraclostrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and pyraclostrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the concentration of pyraclostrobin ranges from 0.00001 to 0.05% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and pyraclostrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and the concentration of pyraclostrobin ranges from 0.00001 to 0.05% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and pyraclostrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of pyraclostrobin ranges from 0.00001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of pyraclostrobin ranges from 0.00001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of pyraclostrobin ranges from 0.00001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of pyraclostrobin ranges from 0.00001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of pyraclostrobin ranges from 0.00001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of pyraclostrobin ranges from 0.00001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and pyraclostrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and pyraclostrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and pyraclostrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and pyraclostrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and pyraclostrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and pyraclostrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of pyraclostrobin ranges from 0.00001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and pyraclostrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of pyraclostrobin ranges from 0.00001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and pyraclostrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of pyraclostrobin ranges from 0.00001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and pyraclostrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of pyraclostrobin ranges from 0.00001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and pyraclostrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of pyraclostrobin ranges from 0.00001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and pyraclostrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of pyraclostrobin ranges from 0.00001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and pyraclostrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1.

[0204] (6) Composition comprising choline pelargonate and difenoconazole. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of difenoconazole ranges from 0.000001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and the concentration of difenoconazole ranges from 0.000001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and difenoconazole ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and difenoconazole ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the concentration of difenoconazole ranges from 0.000001 to 0.02% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and difenoconazole ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and the concentration of difenoconazole ranges from 0.000001 to 0.02% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and difenoconazole ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of difenoconazole ranges from 0.000001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of difenoconazole ranges from 0.000001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of difenoconazole ranges from 0.000001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of difenoconazole ranges from 0.000001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of difenoconazole ranges from 0.000001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of difenoconazole ranges from 0.000001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and difenoconazole ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and difenoconazole ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and difenoconazole ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and difenoconazole ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and difenoconazole ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and difenoconazole ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of difenoconazole ranges from 0.000001 to 0.02% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and difenoconazole ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of difenoconazole ranges from 0.000001 to 0.02% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and difenoconazole ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of difenoconazole ranges from 0.000001 to 0.02% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and difenoconazole ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of difenoconazole ranges from 0.000001 to 0.02% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and difenoconazole ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of difenoconazole ranges from 0.000001 to 0.02% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and difenoconazole ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of difenoconazole ranges from 0.000001 to 0.02% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and difenoconazole ranges from 10000:1 to 2:1.

[0205] (7) Composition comprising choline pelargonate and tetraconazole. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of tetraconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and the concentration of tetraconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and tetraconazole ranges from 500:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and tetraconazole ranges from 500:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the concentration of tetraconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and tetraconazole ranges from 500:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and the concentration of tetraconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and tetraconazole ranges from 500:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of tetraconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of tetraconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of tetraconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of tetraconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of tetraconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of tetraconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and tetraconazole ranges from 500:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and tetraconazole ranges from 500:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and tetraconazole ranges from 500:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and tetraconazole ranges from 500:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and tetraconazole ranges from 500:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and tetraconazole ranges from 500:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of tetraconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and tetraconazole ranges from 500:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of tetraconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and tetraconazole ranges from 500:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of tetraconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and tetraconazole ranges from 500:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of tetraconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and tetraconazole ranges from 500:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of tetraconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and tetraconazole ranges from 500:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of tetraconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and tetraconazole ranges from 500:1 to 2:1.

[0206] (8) Composition comprising choline pelargonate and copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide). Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 0.5% to 0.0001% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and the concentration of copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 0.5% to 0.0001% (w / v). Preferably, the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 500:1 to 1:2. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 500:1 to 1:2. Preferably, the concentration of copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 0.5% to 0.0001% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 500:1 to 1:2. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and the concentration of copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 0.5% to 0.0001% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 500:1 to 1:2. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 0.5% to 0.0001% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection, wherein the concentration of copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 0.5% to 0.0001% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 0.5% to 0.0001% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 0.5% to 0.0001% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 0.5% to 0.0001% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 0.5% to 0.0001% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 500:1 to 1:2. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 500:1 to 1:2. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 500:1 to 1:2. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 500:1 to 1:2. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 500:1 to 1:2. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 500:1 to 1:2. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 0.5% to 0.0001% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 500:1 to 1:2. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection, wherein the concentration of copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 0.5% to 0.0001% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 500:1 to 1:2. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 0.5% to 0.0001% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 500:1 to 1:2. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 0.5% to 0.0001% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 500:1 to 1:2. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 0.5% to 0.0001% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 500:1 to 1:2. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 0.5% to 0.0001% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and copper (preferably as copper(ll)hydroxide) ranges from 500:1 to 1:2. (9) Composition comprising choline pelargonate and benzovindiflupyr. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of benzovindiflupyr ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and the concentration of benzovindiflupyr ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and benzovindiflupyr ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and benzovindiflupyr ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the concentration of benzovindiflupyr ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and benzovindiflupyr ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and the concentration of benzovindiflupyr ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and benzovindiflupyr ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, Colletotrichum coccodes infection, or a combination thereof. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, Colletotrichum coccodes infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, Colletotrichum coccodes infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of benzovindiflupyr ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, Colletotrichum coccodes infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of benzovindiflupyr ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, Colletotrichum coccodes infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and benzovindiflupyr ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, Colletotrichum coccodes infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and benzovindiflupyr ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, Colletotrichum coccodes infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of benzovindiflupyr ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and benzovindiflupyr ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, Colletotrichum coccodes infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), wherein the concentration of benzovindiflupyr ranges from 0.000001 to 0.05% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and benzovindiflupyr ranges from 1000:1 to 2:1.

[0207] (10) Composition comprising choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of trifloxystrobin ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and the concentration of trifloxystrobin ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1% (w / v). Preferably, the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 1:50. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 1:50. Preferably, the concentration of trifloxystrobin ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 1:50. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), the concentration of trifloxystrobin ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 1:50. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of trifloxystrobin ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection, wherein the concentration of trifloxystrobin ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of trifloxystrobin ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of trifloxystrobin ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of trifloxystrobin ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of trifloxystrobin ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 1:50. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 1:50. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 1:50. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 1:50. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 1:50. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 1:50. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of trifloxystrobin ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 1:50. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection, wherein the concentration of trifloxystrobin ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 1:50. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of trifloxystrobin ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 1:50. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of trifloxystrobin ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 1:50. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of trifloxystrobin ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 1:50. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Plasmopara viticola infection in grapevine plants or plant parts, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of trifloxystrobin ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 1:50. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, or a combination thereof. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of trifloxystrobin ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of trifloxystrobin ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 1:50. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 1:50. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of trifloxystrobin ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 1:50. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v), wherein the concentration of trifloxystrobin ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin ranges from 1000:1 to 1:50.

[0208] (11) Composition comprising choline pelargonate and kresoxim-methyl. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 0.1% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of kresoxim-methyl ranges from 0.0001 to 0.01% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 0.1% (w / v), and the concentration of kresoxim-methyl ranges from 0.0001 to 0.01% (w / v). Preferably, the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and kresoxim-methyl ranges from 100:1 to 1:10. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 0.1% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and kresoxim-methyl ranges from 100:1 to 1:10. Preferably, the concentration of kresoxim-methyl ranges from 0.0001 to 0.01% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and kresoxim-methyl ranges from 100:1 to 1:10. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 0.1% (w / v), the concentration of kresoxim-methyl ranges from 0.0001 to 0.01% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and kresoxim-methyl ranges from 100:1 to 1:10. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, or a combination thereof. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 0.1% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of kresoxim-methyl ranges from 0.0001 to 0.01% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 0.1% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of kresoxim-methyl ranges from 0.0001 to 0.01% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and kresoxim- methyl ranges from 100:1 to 1:10. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 0.1% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and kresoxim-methyl ranges from 100:1 to 1:10. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of kresoxim-methyl ranges from 0.0001 to 0.01% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and kresoxim-methyl ranges from 100:1 to 1:10. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Rhizoctonia solani infection, Alternaria solani infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.01 to 0.1% (w / v), wherein the concentration of kresoxim-methyl ranges from 0.0001 to 0.01% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and kresoxim-methyl ranges from 100:1 to 1:10.

[0209] (12) Composition comprising choline pelargonate and prothioconazole. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of prothioconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.01% (w / v). Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and the concentration of prothioconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.01% (w / v). Preferably, the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and prothioconazole ranges from 100:1 to 1:10. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and prothioconazole ranges from 100:1 to 1:10. Preferably, the concentration of prothioconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.01% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and prothioconazole ranges from 100:1 to 1:10. Preferably, the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and the concentration of prothioconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.01% (w / v), and the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and prothioconazole ranges from 100:1 to 1:10. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Alternaria solani infection, Colletotrichum coccodes infection, or a combination thereof. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Alternaria solani infection, Colletotrichum coccodes infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Alternaria solani infection, Colletotrichum coccodes infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of prothioconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.01% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Alternaria solani infection, Colletotrichum coccodes infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the concentration of prothioconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.01% (w / v). Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Alternaria solani infection, Colletotrichum coccodes infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and prothioconazole ranges from 100:1 to 1:10. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Alternaria solani infection, Colletotrichum coccodes infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and prothioconazole ranges from 100:1 to 1:10. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Alternaria solani infection, Colletotrichum coccodes infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of prothioconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.01% (w / v), wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and prothioconazole ranges from 100:1 to 1:10. Preferably, such composition can be used to treat Alternaria solani infection, Colletotrichum coccodes infection, or a combination thereof, wherein the concentration of choline pelargonate ranges from 0.0001 to 10% (w / v), preferably 0.001 to 2% (w / v), more preferably 0.001 to 0.02% (w / v), wherein the concentration of prothioconazole ranges from 0.0001 to 0.01% (w / v), and wherein the weight ratio of choline pelargonate and prothioconazole ranges from 100:1 to 1:10.

[0210] Suitable combinations of active ingredients in the compositions of embodiments (1) to (12) above are azoxystrobin and difenoconazole. Suitable combinations of active ingredients in the compositions of embodiments (1) to (12) above are azoxystrobin and difenoconazole for treating soybean. Suitable combinations of active ingredients in the compositions of embodiments (1) to (12) above are azoxystrobin and difenoconazole for treating Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection. Suitable combinations of active ingredients in the compositions of embodiments (1) to (12) above are azoxystrobin and difenoconazole for treating Phakopsora pachyrhizi infection in soybean. Suitable concentrations and ratios can be as indicated in the above embodiments.

[0211] In embodiments, the fungicidal composition as taught herein is used as a fungicide. Accordingly, a related aspect provides the use of a fungicidal composition comprising a choline salt of pelargonic acid and a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), an oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitor (OSBPI), a quinone outside inhibitor (Qol), a demethylation inhibitor (DMI) and / or a copper-containing compound as a fungicide.

[0212] Preferred statements (features) and embodiments of this invention are set herein below. Each of the statements and embodiments of the invention so defined may be combined with any other statement and / or embodiments unless clearly indicated to the contrary. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature or features or statements indicated as being preferred or advantageous. Hereto, the present invention is in particular captured by any one or any combination of one or more of the below numbered statements and embodiments 1 to 24, which may be combined with any other statement, aspect, and / or embodiment as described herein, unless explicitly indicated otherwise.

[0213] 1. A composition comprising: a choline salt of pelargonic acid; and one or more active ingredients selected from the group consisting of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), an oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitor (OSBPI), a quinone outside inhibitor (Qol), a demethylation inhibitor (DMI), and a copper-containing compound.

[0214] 2. The composition according to statement 1, comprising a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more SDHI.

[0215] 3. The composition according to statement 1, comprising a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more OSBPI.

[0216] 4. The composition according to statement 1, comprising a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more Qol.

[0217] 5. The composition according to statement 1, comprising a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more DMI.

[0218] 6. The composition according to statement 1, comprising a choline salt of pelargonic acid and one or more copper-containing compounds.

[0219] 7. The composition according to any of statements 1 to 6, wherein the choline salt of pelargonic acid is choline pelargonate.

[0220] 8. The composition according to any of statements 1, 2, or 7 , wherein the SDHI is selected from the group consisting of fluxapyroxad, fluopyram, benodanil, flutolanil, mepronil, isofetamid, cyclobutrifluram, fenfuram, carboxin, oxycarboxin, thifluzamide, benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, fluindapyr, furametpyr, inpyrfluxam, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, isoflucypram, pydiflumetofen, boscalid, and pyraziflumid; preferably wherein the SDHI is fluxapyroxad or fluopyram.

[0221] 9. The composition according to any of statements 1, 3, or 7 , wherein the OSBPI is oxathiapiprolin or fluoxapiprolin; preferably wherein the OSBPI is oxathiapiprolin.

[0222] 10. The composition according to any of statements 1, 4, or 7 , wherein the Qol is selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobin, mandestrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, triclopyricarb, kresoxim-methyl, trifloxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fenaminstrobin, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, famoxadone, fluoxastrobin, fenamidone, pyribencarb, and metyltetraprole; preferably wherein the Qol is azoxystrobin, or pyraclostrobin.

[0223] 11. The composition according to any of statements 1, 5, or 7, wherein the DMI is selected from the group consisting of mefentrifluconazole, difenoconazole, tetraconazole, triforine, pyrifenox, pyrisoxazole, fenarimol, nuarimol, imazalil, oxpoconazole, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole, azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diniconazole, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, and prothioconazole; preferably wherein the DMI is a triazole, preferably difenoconazole or tetraconazole.

[0224] 12. The composition according to any of statements 1, 6, or 7, wherein the copper-containing compound is selected from the group consisting of copper, copper salts, copper hydroxide, copper sulfate or a hydrate thereof, copper oxychloride or oxychloride sulfate, copper oxide, copper octanoate, basic copper sulfate, Bordeaux mixture, organic complexes of copper, preferably wherein the copper-containing compound is copper(ll) hydroxide.

[0225] 13. The composition according to any one of statements 1 to 12, wherein the composition is an aqueous composition or a solid composition, preferably wherein the composition is a sprayable liquid or a concentrate; preferably wherein the composition is a sprayable liquid.

[0226] 14. The composition according to any one of statements 1 to 13, wherein the composition comprises the choline salt of pelargonic acid and the other active ingredient in a ratio by weight of 1000000:1 to 1:100, preferably 100000:1 to 2:1. 15. The composition according to any one of statements 1 to 14, wherein the composition is a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.0001% (w / v) and 10% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid, preferably between 0.001% (w / v) and 2% (w / v) of the choline salt of pelargonic acid.

[0227] 16. The composition according to any one of statements 1 to 15, wherein the composition is a (sprayable) liquid comprising between 0.00000001% (w / v) and 5% (w / v) of (each of) the one or more SDHI, OSBPI, Qol, DMI, and copper-containing compound, preferably between 0.0000001% (w / v) and 0.5% (w / v).

[0228] 17. The composition according to any one of statements 1 to 16, wherein the composition further comprises one or more auxiliaries such as a solvent, a carrier, a surfactant, an antifreeze agent, a thickener, a buffering agent, an antifoaming agent, an antioxidant, a preservative, or a colorant.

[0229] 18. A method for curative or preventive treatment of a biotic disease on a plant or a part thereof, the method comprising applying a composition as defined in any one of statements 1 to 17 to the plant, part thereof, seed for growing the plant, or locus of growth of the plant.

[0230] 19. The method according to statement 18, wherein the plant is an agricultural or horticultural crop, preferably wherein the plant is wheat, soy, or a grapevine plant.

[0231] 20. The method according to statement 18 or 19, wherein the biotic disease is a phytopathogenic fungal infection; preferably wherein the biotic disease is a phytopathogenic fungal infection caused by a fungus selected from the group consisting of Blumeria spp., Colletotrichum spp., Botrytis spp., Altemaria spp., Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Sclerotinia spp., Verticillium spp., Pythium spp., Phytophthora spp., Puccinia spp., Peronospora spp., Magnaporthe spp., Armillaria spp., Ustilago spp., Phakopsora spp., Guignardia spp., Venturia spp., Monilinia spp., Septaria spp., Mycosphaerella spp., Erysiphe spp., Podosphaera spp., Plasmopara spp., Pyrenophora spp., Ramularia spp., Rhynchosporium spp., Sphaerotheca spp., Diplocarpon spp., Didymella spp., Microdochium spp., Penicillium spp., and Cladosporium spp.; more preferably wherein the phytopathogenic fungal infection is caused by Blumeria graminis, Plasmopara viticola and / or Phakopsora pachyrhizi.

[0232] 21. The method according to any one of statements 18 to 20, wherein the composition is applied to the whole of the above-ground part of the plant; and / or wherein the composition is sprayed on the plant, part thereof, or locus of growth of the plant.

[0233] 22. A method of treating a seed of a plant, wherein the method comprises applying a composition as defined in any one of statements 1 to 17 to the seed. 23. Use of a composition as defined in any one of statements 1 to 17 as a fungicidal composition or in the curative or preventive treatment of a phytopathogenic fungal infection on a plant or part thereof.

[0234] 24. A plant or plant part comprising or coated with the composition according to any of statements 1 to 17.

[0235] While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, and variations as follows in the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims.

[0236] The herein disclosed aspects and embodiments of the invention are further supported by the following non-limiting examples.

[0237] EXAMPLES

[0238] Example 1: Antifungal capacity of different compositions according to embodiments of the invention against Blumeria graminis on wheat using foliar application

[0239] Protocol

[0240] Wheat seedlings (two-week-old) were sprayed with different treatments including compositions comprising BPA056 (420 g / L choline pelargonate - 2% and 2.67%), Imtrex™ (BASF, 62.5 g / L fluxapyroxad - 0.08 %) and / or Luna Privilege™ (Bayer, 500 g / L fluopyram - 0.04 %).

[0241] Plants were inoculated by spore suspension of B. graminis (105spores ml1) 24 h after treatment and kept under appropriate conditions in the growth chamber (Temperature 20°C; relative humidity 70%; photoperiod 16 / 8 hours light / dark).

[0242] Disease severity was individually assessed for each plant by estimating disease symptoms of B. graminis (pathogen white spots) 12 days after inoculation. Disease severity was classified using an arbitrarily grading scale 0-5 where: Class 0 = no visible sign (0 spots); Class 1: 1-2 spots; Class 2: 3-5 spots; Class 3: 6-10 spots; Class 4: 11-15 spots; Class 5: >15 spots, and then converted to disease severity index (DSI) expressed as a percentage according to the following formula:

[0243] DSI (%) = Z (class frequency x score of rating class) / (total number of plants) x (maximal rating class) x 100.

[0244] Multiple treatments were evaluated, always containing an untreated control (UTC) and a negative control (NC). Six replicates were considered, with four plants per replicate for each treatment. Synergism of the antifungal compositions was determined using the Colby formula. In the Colby formula, the responses of chemicals applied singly are used in calculating the expected response when they are combined. This expected response (Ecoiby) for a given combination of two chemicals assuming no interaction can be calculated as follows: Ecoiby = (Pi + 2) - (Pi*P / W0) wherein P-L and 2 are the respective efficacies of the two compounds (in %), where efficacy means the percentage of inhibition of growth of a certain fungus at a certain concentration of the fungicide, or the percentage of inhibition of symptoms on the plant caused by the pathogen or any other indicators for disease caused by the pathogen.

[0245] For a determination of synergism, the % Synergism (%S) between the observed experimental efficacy of the mixture Emeasured and the expected efficacy Ecoiby of the mixture is calculated by:

[0246] %S— Emeasured " Ecoiby.

[0247] A positive value for %S is indicative for a synergistic response while a negative value is indicative for an antagonistic response.

[0248] Results

[0249] Pre-tests were performed to identify adequate dose rates of all active ingredients, showing moderate efficacy levels to allow for additional efficacy in a test for synergism. Finally, two different synergy tests were performed. The results are shown in the Tables below. ppm = parts per million and refers to the active ingredient. E.g., BPA056 contains 420 g / L (420 000 ppm) choline pelargonate. When BPA056 is applied at 0.05 mL / L, it is diluted 20k times --> 420k / 20k= 21 ppm.

[0250] Test 1 - Table 1: Test 2 - Table 2:

[0251] As is clear from the above, a clear synergistic effect was observed between choline pelargonate and respectively fluxapyroxad and fluopyram.

[0252] Example 2: Antifungal capacity of different compositions according to embodiments of the invention against Plasmopara viticola on grapevine leaf discs

[0253] Protocol

[0254] Leaf discs were obtained with a cork borer (19 mm of diameter) from grapevine cuttings. The underside of the leaf discs was treated with the products through manual small sprayer (4 mL treatment / plate). The products included compositions comprising BPA056 (420 g / L choline pelargonate - 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.02% and 0.25%) and / or Zorvec Enicade™ (Corteva, 100 g / L oxathiapiprolin - 0.000001%, 0.000002% and 0.000003%) and / or Champ™ 20 WG (NuFarm, 200 g / kg Cu(OH)2 - 0.02% and 0.04%). An untreated control was also included. Treated leaf discs were dried out under laminar flow for 35-45 minutes and then placed with the abaxial leaf side facing upwards in Petri dishes on a layer of wet paper and incubated at 25°C. For each treatment 4 plates were prepared (5 leaf discs in each plate). 5-6 hours after the leaf discs treatment an artificial inoculation with P. viticola suspension (ca. 2.5xl05sporangia / mL) through hand sprayer was performed and Petri dishes were then incubated in the dark at 25°C to favour the infection. The next morning leaf discs were dried under the laminar flow and then placed at 25°C in the greenhouse under natural alternation light / dark. The disease severity was assessed after 7 days when the leaf discs showed the typical white sporulation. The efficacy of each treatment was calculated according to the standard Abbott's formula (([Severity of Control]-[Severity after treatment]) / ([Severity of Control]*100)). The formula of Colby was used to check presence of synergy between the tested products.

[0255] For a determination of synergism, the % Synergism (%S) between the observed experimental efficacy of the mixture Emeasured and the expected efficacy Ecoiby of the mixture is calculated by: %S= measured " Ecoiby.

[0256] A positive value for %S is indicative for a synergistic response while a negative value is indicative for an antagonistic response.

[0257] Results

[0258] Pre-tests were performed to identify adequate dose rates of all active ingredients, showing moderate efficacy levels to allow for additional efficacy in a test for synergism. ppm = parts per million and refers to the active ingredient. E.g., BPA056 contains 420 g / L (420 000 ppm) choline pelargonate. When BPA056 is applied at 0.05 mL / L, it is diluted 20k times --> 420k / 20k= 21 ppm.

[0259] Test 1 - Table 3:

[0260] Test 2 - Table 4:

[0261] Test 3 - Table 5:

[0262] Test 4 - Table 6:

[0263] As is clear from the above, a clear synergistic effect was observed with varying choline pelargonate and oxathiapiprolin concentrations. In addition, a synergistic effect was observed between choline pelargonate and copper at multiple concentrations. Example 3: Antifungal capacity of different compositions according to embodiments of the invention against Plasmopara viticola on grapevine using foliar application

[0264] Protocol

[0265] Grapevine plants were grown in pots under greenhouse conditions. The variety Chardonnay was used. The trial was carried out in a greenhouse chamber in controlled conditions (Temperature 25°C ± 1; relative humidity 80% ± 5; photoperiod 14 / 10 hours I ight / dark). Each object consisted of 5 plants (5 replicates). Products were applied by spraying the plants with an air compressor system equipped with an air spray gun (400 kPa at the nozzle). The water volume sprayed was equal to 46 mL per plant. After the treatments plants have been left to dry in the greenhouse at 25°C. The products included compositions comprising BPA056 (420 g / L choline pelargonate - 0.01% and 0.02%) and / or Zorvec Enicade™ (Corteva, 100 g / L oxathiapiprolin - 0.000001% and 0.000002%). An untreated control was also included.

[0266] All test items were applied preventively at the same time (TO). Approximately 4-5 hours after the test item application when plants were completely dry an artificial inoculation with the pathogen suspension (P. viticola; 2.5 x 105sporangia / mL) was performed via an air compressor system equipped with an air spray gun until near runoff. Grapevine plants were then randomized and maintained under conditions of high humidity for 24 hours in order to favour the pathogen infection.

[0267] The disease symptoms were assessed 7 days after the artificial inoculation. The disease severity (% of leaf area covered by symptoms) and incidence (% of diseased leaves) were recorded on all leaves. The efficacy of each treatment was calculated according to the standard Abbott's formula (([Severity of Control]-[Severity after treatment]) / ([Severity of Control]*100)). The formula of Colby was used to check presence of synergy between the tested products.

[0268] For a determination of synergism, the % Synergism (%S) between the observed experimental efficacy of the mixture Emeasured and the expected efficacy Ecoiby of the mixture is calculated by:

[0269] %S= measured " Ecoiby.

[0270] A positive value for %S is indicative for a synergistic response while a negative value is indicative for an antagonistic response.

[0271] Results

[0272] In this synergy test performed on grapevine potted plants under greenhouse conditions the concentrations of the single products were selected based on the pre-tests in the synergy leaf disc test (Example 2). ppm = parts per million and refers to the active ingredient. E.g., BPA056 contains 420 g / L (420 000 ppm) choline pelargonate. When BPA056 is applied at 0.05 mL / L, it is diluted 20k times --> 420k / 20k= 21 ppm.

[0273] Table 7:

[0274] As is clear from the above table, also in potted plants a clear synergistic effect was observed.

[0275] Example 4: Antifungal capacity of different compositions according to embodiments of the invention against Phakopsora pachyrhizi on soybean foliar application

[0276] Protocol

[0277] A pot trial was sown using soybean cultivar Siverka. Seeds were sown into 9 cm diameter pots at a rate of 3 seed per pot, with three replicate pots sown per treatment. Pots were transferred to the glasshouse and grown at 23°C for 14 days or until plants reached growth stage BBCH 11 (first pair of true leaves (unifoliate) unfolded). At growth stage BBCH 11, treatments were performed using a water volume of 2 mL / pot. The products included compositions comprising BPA056 (420 g / L choline pelargonate - 0.05% and 0.1%), Comet™ (BASF, 200 g / L pyraclostrobin - 0.00032%), Amistar Top™ (Syngenta, 200 g / L azoxystrobin and 125 g / L difenoconazole - 0.000032%) and / or Eminent™ (Isagro, 125 g / L tetraconazole - 0.0032%). An untreated control was also included. All treatment and control sprays were applied using handheld atomiser sprayer. One day after product treatment, each pot was inoculated with 2 ml of a spore suspension at growth stage BBCH 11 using handheld atomiser sprayers. The spore suspension used contained urediniospores of P. pachyrhizi at a concentration of lxlO5spores per mL. Immediately after inoculation plants were transferred to moisture chambers (100 % humidity) to maintain humidity and kept at a temperature of 25°C. Plants were removed from the moisture chambers after two days incubation and transferred to a controlled environment room maintained at a constant 20°C.

[0278] Disease was assessed once symptoms had fully developed on the inoculated controls (13 days after inoculation at growth stage BBCH 13). Disease severity was assessed as a percentage of the total leaf area affected by disease (sporulating area) on both unifoliate leaves treated / inoculated on each of the 3 plants per replicate pot. Only the treated unifoliate leaves were assessed, that is leaves which emerged post-treatment were not assessed. The efficacy of each treatment was calculated according to the standard Abbott's formula (([Severity of Control]-[Severity after treatment]) / ([Severity of Control]*100)). The formula of Colby was used to check presence of synergy between the tested products.

[0279] For a determination of synergism, the % Synergism (%S) between the observed experimental efficacy of the mixture Emeasured and the expected efficacy Ecoiby of the mixture is calculated by:

[0280] %S— Emeasured " Ecoiby.

[0281] A positive value for %S is indicative for a synergistic response while a negative value is indicative for an antagonistic response.

[0282] Results

[0283] Pre-tests were performed to identify adequate dose rates of all active ingredients, showing moderate efficacy levels to allow for additional efficacy in a test for synergism. Finally, a synergy test was performed. The results are shown in the Tables below. ppm = parts per million and refers to the active ingredient. E.g., BPA056 contains 420 g / L (420 000 ppm) choline pelargonate. When BPA056 is applied at 0.05 mL / L, it is diluted 20k times --> 420k / 20k= 21 ppm.

[0284] Table 8:

[0285] *Note that the calculation for efficacy resulted in a negative value. This value was set to 0 to show the absence of efficacy.

[0286] As is clear from the above, a clear synergistic effect was observed between choline pelargonate and pyraclostrobin.

[0287] Example 5: Antifungal capacity of different compositions according to embodiments of the invention against Rhizoctonia solani by in vitro test.

[0288] Protocol

[0289] Rhizoctonia solani from the Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM) collection was grown and maintained at 25°C in a dark incubator on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates.

[0290] Petri dishes with different concentrations and combinations of the test products were prepared. The products were added to the autoclaved PDA (39 g / L) medium when it was approximatively 50°C to avoid damage due to high temperatures. All further steps were performed under the laminar flow. The test products alone or in combinations were mixed well by shaking the bottle of PDA and ten petri dishes with 18 mL per dish were prepared (10 replicates per object).

[0291] The inoculation of R. solani was done by adding a mycelium plug of 5 mm diameter in the center of the petri dishes. Plugs of 5 mm diameter were taken from different R. solani PDA plates of 10 days age and these plugs were randomized over the different objects. This was done under the laminar flow to work in sterile conditions. The assessments were done by measuring the diameter in mm of the growing fungi after 2 days of incubation at 25°C in the dark.

[0292] Tables 9 and 10 below summarize the different fungicide products tested alone and mixed against the pathogen R. solani. Each product was tested for its efficacy against R. solani alone at reduced dose rates with the aim of reaching a moderate / medium efficacy level. Each test product was also tested tank mixed with BPA056 using the same dose rates. The use of reduced dose rates and as consequence the moderate efficacy of the test products applied alone is necessary to avoid ending up with too high efficacy values when the different test products are evaluated mixed in combination. The mixed test products should not reach 100% efficacy to be able to correctly observe the appearance of a potential synergy between test products. The following fungicide products were tested alone and mixed with BPA056 (410 g / L choline pelargonate - 0.02% and 0.01%) to check their potential synergy: Elatus™ Plus (Syngenta, 102 g / L Benzovindiflupyr - 0.000375% and 0.00015 %), Consist™ (Bayer Crop Science, 500 g / kg trifloxystrobin - 0.0015%), Kenbyo™ (BASF, 500 g / L kresoxim-methyl, BASF - 0.015%). An untreated control object was included. In this object the pathogen developed on normal PDA medium not treated with fungicides. The fungicide Elatus™ Plus was assessed for its potential synergy with BPA056 in a first efficacy test (Table 9). The fungicides Consist™ and Kenbyo™ were assessed for their potential synergy with BPA056 in a second separate efficacy experiment (Table 10).

[0293] The growth of the pathogen R. solani was assessed after 2 days of incubation at 25°C in the dark measuring the diameter of the fungal colonies and the efficacy values of the different objects have been calculated. The efficacy of each test product applied alone was used to determine the Colby efficacy threshold according to Colby's formula (provided herein, Ecoiby). For a determination of synergism, the % Synergism was calculated (provided herein, %S).

[0294] Results

[0295] Pre-tests were performed to identify adequate dose rates of all active ingredients, showing moderate efficacy levels to allow for additional efficacy in a test for synergism. ppm = parts per million and refers to the active ingredient. E.g., BPA056 contains 410 g / L (410 000 ppm) choline pelargonate. When BPA056 is applied at 0.2 mL / L, it is diluted 5k times --> 410k ppm / 5k= 82 ppm. When BPA056 is applied at 0.1 mL / L, it is diluted 10k times --> 410k ppm / 10k= 41 ppm.

[0296] E.g., Elatus™ Plus contains 102g / L (102 000 ppm) benzovindiflupyr. When Elatus™ Plus is applied at 0.00375 mL / L, it is diluted 267k times --> 102k ppm / 267k= 0.38 ppm. When Elatus™ Plus is applied at 0.0015 mL / L, it is diluted 667k times --> 102k ppm / 667k= 0.15 ppm. E.g., Consist™ contains 500g / kg (500 000 ppm) trifloxystrobin. When Consist™ is applied at 0.015 g / L, it is diluted 67k times --> 500k ppm / 67k= 7.5 ppm. E.g., Kenbyo™ contains 500 g / L kresoxim-methyl. When Kenbyo™ is applied at 0.15 mL / L, it is diluted 6.7k times --> 500k ppm / 6.7k= 75 ppm. Test 1 - Table 9:

[0297] Test 2 - Table 10: The efficacy results against R. solani confirmed choline pelargonate synergy with benzovindiflupyr which belongs to the SDHI fungicide group (FRAC group 7) and also with trifloxystrobin and kresoxim- methyl, both belonging to the quinone outside inhibitors (Qol) fungicide group (FRAC group 11). Example 6: Antifungal capacity of different compositions according to embodiments of the invention against Plasmopara viticola on grapevine leaf discs

[0298] The aim of the tests was the identification of the synergy of efficacy of choline pelargonate (410 g / L choline pelargonate - 0.2 mL / L and 0.1 mL / L) when mixed with other commercial fungicides. The efficacy tests were performed in vitro against P. viticola on grapevine leaf disks.

[0299] Protocol

[0300] Plasmopara viticola isolated from a vineyard of the Fondazione Edmund Mach was maintained vital over time through weekly infection of healthy grapevine plants (Cuttings in pots) grown under greenhouse conditions (25°C, 80% relative humidity, photoperiod light-dark 14-10 hours). Healthy grapevine plants were infected with a suspension of P. viticola sporangia sprayed on the abaxial side of the leaves, followed by incubation at high relative humidity in the dark overnight to favor pathogen infection. After one week of incubation in the greenhouse the infected plants were placed again in a humid chamber overnight to induce the germination of the sporangia which were collected and used as source of infection for the leaf discs test.

[0301] Grapevine leaf discs (leaf disc diameter 19 mm) were prepared from grapevine cuttings (variety Pinot Nero Entav 115) using the third-fourth leaf of grapevine plants grown under greenhouse conditions. Five leaf discs were placed with the abaxial side upward in each petri dish, the leaf discs were placed on 4 layers of wet paper (8.5 mL distilled water per plate).

[0302] Leaf discs were treated (sprayed with small hand sprayer) with the different test products in the morning (at 10.30) and let dry for about 20-30 minutes under a laminar flow. Approximately 0.9 mL of test product has been sprayed per each Petri dish (1 Petri dish contains 5 leaf discs). The same day about 5-6 hours later (at 16.00) the leaf discs were inoculated with a P. viticola suspension at concentration of 3xl05spores / mL (suspension was sprayed on leaf discs) and incubated at 25°C in the dark overnight to favor the infection. The next morning inoculated leaf discs were dried under the laminar flow and plates were then incubated at 25°C. After 7 days of incubation the disease severity of each leaf disc was assessed.

[0303] In this experiment against P. viticola on grapevine leaf discs, the efficacy of BPA056 (BI-PA, 41% choline pelargonate - 0.1 mL / L) and the fungicide Consist™ (Bayer Crop Science, 50% trifloxystrobin- 1.5 g / L and 0.75 g / L) were evaluated testing the products alone and tank mixed to investigate the potential synergy between the two. An untreated control object, treated with distilled water was included in the test and used as a reference to determine the efficacy values of test products. The objects are reported below in Table 11. Results

[0304] The downy mildew severity of each leaf disc was assessed 7 days after treatments and artificial inoculation. The untreated control showed a high severity value of 60% while the other tested objects showed reduced severity values. The experimental efficacy results as well as the Colby efficacy are reported below in Table 11. The results showed synergy between choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin against the oomycete P. viticola. ppm = parts per million and refers to the active ingredient. E.g., BPA056 contains 410 g / L (410 000 ppm) choline pelargonate. When BPA056 is applied at 0.1 mL / L, it is diluted 10k times --> 410k ppm / 10k= 41 ppm. E.g., Consist™ contains 500g / kg (500000 ppm) trifloxystrobin. When Consist™ is applied at 1.5 g / L, it is diluted 667 times --> 500000 ppm / 667= 750 ppm. When Consist™ is applied at 0.75 g / L, it is diluted 1333 times --> 500000 ppm / 1333= 375 ppm.

[0305] Table 11: In the efficacy experiments described above against the fungus R. solani and the oomycete P. viticola, choline pelargonate showed synergy behavior with all the fungicide products tested.

[0306] The efficacy results in the grapevine leaf discs test confirmed synergy of choline pelargonate with trifloxystrobin which belongs to the Qol fungicide group (FRAC group 11) against P. viticola, a completely different pathogen in comparison to R. solani in terms of phylogenesis. Example 7: Spore germination test on multiple pathogens to check synergism of compositions according to embodiments of the invention

[0307] Protocol

[0308] In this trial, the synergism between BPA056 (410 g / L choline pelargonate - 0.035% and 0.0076%) and Elatus™ Plus (Syngenta, 100 g / L benzovindiflupyr - 0.00125% and 0.000085%), Consist™ (Bayer Crop Science, 500 g / kg trifloxystrobin - 0.032%), Kenbyo™ FL (BASF, 500 g / L kresoxim-methyl- 0.008%) and Patel™ 300 EC (Syngenta, 300 g / L prothioconazole - 0.02% and 0.0033%) was tested with a spore germination test using the pathogens Alternaria solani and Colletotrichum coccodes. Note that not every product was tested with every pathogen. Benzovindiflupyr is part of the succinatedehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI, FRAC 7), trifloxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl are part of the quinone outside inhibitors (Qol, FRAC 11) and prothioconazole is part of the demethylation inhibitors (DMI, FRAC 3).

[0309] A 96-well plate was used for the spore germination test. The following steps were performed in sterile conditions under a laminar air flow. Each well was filled with 50 pL of a double-concentrated product solution made with sterile demineralized water and 50 pL of a spore solution of 20 000 spores / mL. The spores were harvested with Sisler succinate broth (2 g / L KH2PO4, 2 g / L K2HPO4, 1 g / L (NF hSC , 1 g / L MgSO4.7H2O, 5 g / L succinate disodium and 2 g / L yeast extract; autoclaved for 15 minutes at 121 °C) and diluted with the same broth until 20 000 spores / mL. The 50 pL product solution was doubleconcentrated so it was at the right concentration when the 50 pL spore solution was added. The products were tested solo and in combination with BPA056, at the same concentrations as the solo objects, to check for synergism.

[0310] As control, wells with 50 pL sterile demineralized water and 50 pL of a spore solution of 20 000 spores / mL were used. Each product / pathogen combination was loaded in eight wells to have eight replicates. The 96-well plate was sealed with parafilm and incubated in a shaking incubator at 120 rpm in a dark room. The assessments were performed by visually checking the spores and rating them in classes between 0 and 5 (Table 12). Based on these classes, a disease index per object was calculated by following formula: 100

[0311] Further, the disease index was used to calculate the efficacy of the products by following formula: 100 Based on the measured efficacy (Emeasured) values of the solo products, the expected efficacy (Ecoiby) could be calculated via the Colby formula.

[0312] The synergism was determined via calculation of the % Synergism (provided herein, %S).

[0313] Table 12: Spore germination classes

[0314] Alternaria solani

[0315] A. solani was grown for 5 days on Sisler succinate medium (12.5 g / L agar, 2 g / L KH2PO4, 2 g / L K2HPO4, 1 g / L (NH4)2SO4, 1 g / L MgSO4.7H2O, 5 g / L succinate disodium and 2 g / L yeast extract; autoclaved for 15 minutes at 121 °C) at 25 °C in a dark incubator before harvesting of the spores. For this pathogen, the synergism of benzovindiflupyr, trifloxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl and prothioconazole with choline pelargonate was tested (Table 13). The used concentration (mg active ingredient / L or ppm) of each active ingredient is provided in Table 13. The shaking incubator, which contained the 96-well plate, was set to 20 °C. The 96-well plate was assessed 1 and 2 days after inoculation (DAI).

[0316] Colletotrichum coccodes

[0317] C. coccodes was grown for 26 days on Sisler succinate medium at 25 °C in a dark incubator before harvesting of the spores. For this pathogen, the synergism of benzovindiflupyr and prothioconazole with choline pelargonate was tested (Table 14). The used concentration (mg active ingredient / L or ppm) of each active ingredient is provided in Table 14. The shaking incubator, which contained the 96- well plate, was set to 22 °C, but the temperature probe was broken resulting in a lower temperature which was potentially not stable during the trial. However, each well was exposed to the same temperature regime during the entire trial which makes the results still viable. The 96-well plate was assessed 2 and 3 DAL Results

[0318] Pre-tests were performed to identify adequate dose rates of all active ingredients, showing moderate efficacy levels to allow for additional efficacy in a test for synergism.

[0319] Alternaria solani Both at the assessments of 1 DAI and 2 DAI, the experimental efficacy of benzovindiflupyr and choline pelargonate, trifloxystrobin and choline pelargonate, kresoxim-methyl and choline pelargonate, and prothioconazole and choline pelargonate was higher than the expected efficacy according to Colby of these combinations (Table 13). This means that all these products were synergistic with choline pelargonate against A. solani. Table 13: Disease indices and observed and expected efficacies of the products based on the spore germination of A. solani assessed at 1 and 2 DAI. Combinations indicated in bold were synergistic.

[0320] Colletotrichum coccodes

[0321] Both at the assessments of 2 DAI and 3 DAI, the experimental efficacy of benzovindiflupyr and choline pelargonate, and prothioconazole and choline pelargonate was higher than the expected efficacy according to Colby of these combinations (Table 14). This means that both benzovindiflupyr and prothioconazole were synergistic with choline pelargonate against C. coccodes. Note that the disease index of the control is 100% at 3 DAI which could potentially lead to smaller observed differences in disease indices between the control and the other objects.

[0322] Table 14: Disease indices and observed and expected efficacies of the products based on the spore germination of C. coccodes assessed at 2 and 3 DAI. Combinations indicated in bold were synergistic.

[0323] In vitro synergism was observed between all the tested products and choline pelargonate based on the efficacy results of this spore germination test. Evidence for the synergism between choline pelargonate and benzovindiflupyr (SDHI) or prothioconazole (DM I) was found for both A. solani and C. coccodes at both assessed timepoints per pathogen. Synergism between choline pelargonate and trifloxystrobin (Qol) or kresoxim-methyl (Qol) was only tested for A solani, but synergism was found to be present in this trial at both assessments.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A composition comprising: choline pelargonate; and one or more active ingredients selected from the group consisting of a quinone outside inhibitor (Qol), a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), an oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitor (OSBPI), a demethylation inhibitor (DMI), and a copper-containing compound.

2. The composition according to claim 1, comprising choline pelargonate and one or more quinone outside inhibitors (Qol).

3. The composition according to claim 1, comprising choline pelargonate and one or more succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI).

4. The composition according to claim 1, comprising choline pelargonate and one or more oxysterol binding protein homologue inhibitors (OSBPI).

5. The composition according to claim 1, comprising choline pelargonate and one or more demethylation inhibitors (DMI).

6. The composition according to claim 1, comprising choline pelargonate and one or more copper- containing compounds.

7. The composition according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the SDHI is selected from the group consisting of fluxapyroxad, fluopyram, benodanil, flutolanil, mepronil, isofetamid, cyclobutrifluram, fenfuram, carboxin, oxycarboxin, thifluzamide, benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, fluindapyr, furametpyr, inpyrfluxam, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, isoflucypram, pydiflumetofen, boscalid, and pyraziflumid; preferably wherein the SDHI is fluxapyroxad, fluopyram, or benzovindiflupyr.

8. The composition according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the OSBPI is oxathiapiprolin, Y18501, or fluoxapiprolin; preferably wherein the OSBPI is oxathiapiprolin.

9. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the Qol is selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobin, mandestrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, triclopyricarb, kresoxim-methyl, trifloxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fenaminstrobin, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, famoxadone, fluoxastrobin,fenamidone, pyribencarb, and metyltetraprole; preferably wherein the Qol is azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, or kresoxim-methyl.

10. The composition according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the DM I is selected from the group consisting of difenoconazole, tetraconazole, triforine, pyrifenox, pyrisoxazole, fenarimol, nuarimol, imazalil, oxpoconazole, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole, azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diniconazole, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, mefentrifluconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, and prothioconazole; preferably wherein the DMI is difenoconazole, or tetraconazole, or prothioconazole.

11. The composition according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the copper-containing compound is selected from the group consisting of copper hydroxide, copper, copper salt, copper sulfate, copper sulfate hydrate, copper oxychloride, copper oxychloride sulfate, copper oxide, copper octanoate, basic copper sulfate, Bordeaux mixture, copper ammonium acetate, copper chelate, and organic complexes of copper; preferably wherein the copper-containing compound is copper(ll) hydroxide.

12. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the composition is an aqueous composition or a solid composition; preferably wherein the composition is a sprayable liquid or a concentrate; more preferably wherein the composition is a sprayable liquid.

13. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the composition comprises choline pelargonate and the other active ingredient in a ratio by weight of 1000000:1 to 1:1000; preferably 100000:1 to 1:100.

14. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the composition is a sprayable liquid comprising between 0.0001% (w / v) and 10% (w / v) of choline pelargonate, preferably between 0.001% (w / v) and 2% (w / v) of choline pelargonate.

15. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the composition is a sprayable liquid comprising between 0.00000001% (w / v) and 5% (w / v) of the other active ingredient, preferably between 0.0000001% (w / v) and 0.5% (w / v) of the other active ingredient.

16. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the composition further comprises one or more auxiliaries such as a solvent, a carrier, a surfactant, an antifreeze agent, a thickener, a buffering agent, an antifoaming agent, an antioxidant, a preservative, or a colorant.

17. A method for curative or preventive treatment of a biotic disease on a plant or a part thereof, the method comprising applying a composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 16 to the plant, part thereof, seed for growing the plant, or locus of growth of the plant.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the plant is an agricultural or horticultural plant, preferably wherein the plant is wheat, soy, or a grapevine plant.

19. The method according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the biotic disease is a phytopathogenic fungal infection; preferably wherein the biotic disease is a phytopathogenic fungal infection caused by a fungus selected from the group consisting of Blumeria spp., Colletotrichum spp., Botrytis spp., Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Sclerotinia spp., Verticillium spp., Pythium spp., Phytophthora spp., Puccinia spp., Peronospora spp., Magnaporthe spp., Armillaria spp, Ustilago spp., Phakopsora spp., Guignardia spp., Venturia spp., Monilinia spp., Septaria spp., Mycosphaerella spp., Erysiphe spp., Podosphaera spp., Plasmopara spp., Pyrenophora spp., Ramularia spp., Rhynchosporium spp., Sphaerotheca spp., Diplocarpon spp., Didymella spp., Microdochium spp., Penicillium spp., and Cladosporium spp.; more preferably wherein the phytopatogenic fungal infection is caused by Blumeria graminis, Plasmopara viticola, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria solani, and / or Colletotrichum coccodes.

20. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the composition is applied to the whole of the above-ground part of the plant; and / or wherein the composition is sprayed on the plant, part thereof, or locus of growth of the plant.

21. A method of treating a seed of a plant, the method comprising applying a composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 16 to the seed.

22. Use of a composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 16 as a fungicidal composition or in the curative or preventive treatment of a phytopathogenic fungal infection on a plant or part thereof.

23. A plant or plant part comprising or coated with the composition according to any of claims 1 to16.