Novel compounds for targeted protein degradation

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a novel class of bifunctional molecules that are useful in a targeted or selective degradation of a protein.

Description

[0001] Novel Compounds for Targeted Protein Degradation FIELD The present disclosure relates to a novel class of compounds that are useful in a targeted or selective degradation of a protein. BACKGROUND Targeted Protein Degradation (TPD) is a therapeutic modality, which relies on the use of synthetic molecules to repurpose intracellular protein degradation machinery to induce degradation ofspecific disease-causing proteins. TPD approaches offer a number of advantages over other drugmodalities (e.g. small molecule inhibitors, antibodies & protein-based agents, antisense oligonucleotides and related knockdown approaches) including: potentiated pharmacology due to catalytic protein removal from within cells; ability to inhibit multiple functions of a specific drug target including e.g. scaffolding function through target knockdown; opportunity for systemic dosing with good biodistribution; potent in vivo efficacy due to catalytic potency and prolonged duration of action limited only by de novo protein resynthesis; and facile chemical synthesis and formulation using application of small molecule processes. The majority of physiologic post-translational regulation of intracellular protein levels as well as removal of damaged, misfolded, or excess proteins is mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The UPS relies on a complex cascade of protein-protein interactions that enables the polypeptide ubiquitin to be covalently attached to the protein intended for removal. The ubiquitin on the protein then acting as a marker or tag to the proteasome which then degrades and removes the protein from the cell. The UPS can be repurposed to degrade specific proteins using bifunctional chemical molecules, commonly referred to as bifunctional degraders, as therapeutic agents. These molecules act by inducing the proximity of desired substrates with UPS proteins to initiate a cascade of events which ultimately leads to degradation, and removal of the protein from the cell by the proteasome. Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) constitute one such class of bifunctional degraders, which induce proximity of target proteins to the UPS by recruitment of specific ubiquitin E3 ligases. PROTACs are composed of two ligands joined by a linker - one ligand to engage a desired target proteinand another ligand to recruit a ubiquitin E3 ligase.The ubiquitin E3 ligases used most frequently in PROTACs are von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) and Cereblon (CRBN). PROTACs recruiting VHL are typically based on hydroxyproline-containing ligands, whereas PROTACs recruiting CRBN are typically characterised by the presence of a glutarimide moiety, such as thalidomide, pomalidomide and lenalidomide or close analogues to act as the warhead. Other ligases including mdm2 and the IAP family have also shown utility in PROTAC design. However, these approaches suffer from a range of limitations, which restrict their utility to treat a wide range of diseases. For example, limitations of current PROTAC approaches include: inability to efficiently degrade some targets; poor activity of PROTACs in many specific cells due to low and variable expression of E3 ligases and other proteins required for efficient degradation; chemical properties which make it more difficult to prepare degraders with suitable drug-like properties including good drug metabolism & pharmacokinetic profiles; and high susceptibility to induced resistance mechanisms in tumours. Because of these limitations, there remains a need to identify novel degrading mechanisms and warheads able to deliver new compounds, which show efficient degradation across a range of targets and cellular systems and / or with improved profiles suitable for drug development. Further compounds which can be used for these purposes have been described in WO 2019 / 238886, WO 2019 / 238817, WO 2019 / 238816, and WO 2022 / 129925. BRD9 is a protein encoded by the BRD9 gene on chromosome 5. BRD9 is a component of theBAF (BRG1- or BRM-associated factors) complex, a SWI / SNF ATPase chromatin remodeling complex,and belongs to family IV of the bromodomain- containing proteins (D. Hay et al., Med. Chem. Commun., 2015, 6, 1381-1386). SWI / SNF uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to remodel chromatin and mobilize nucleosomes. SWI / SNF is implicated in activating transcription by remodelling nucleosomes, thereby permitting increased access of transcription factors for their binding sites. It is also required for transcriptional repression of some genes, and so controls transcription in various ways. Recurrent inactivating mutations in certain subunits of SWI / SNF complex have been identified in different cancers. Despite its known roles in tumour suppression, the mammalian SWI / SNF complex has recently received attention as a potential target for therapeutic inhibition (L. J. Martin et al., J. Med. Chem., 2016, 59, 4462-4475). Studies have shown that BRD9 is preferentially used by cancers that harbour SMARCB1 abnormalities such as malignant rhabdoid tumors and several specific types of sarcoma (X. Zhu, Y. Liao and L. Tang, Onco Targets Ther., 2020, 13, 13191-13200). BRD9-containing complexes bind to both active promoters and enhancers, where they contribute to gene expression. Loss of BRD9 results in gene expression changes related to apoptosis regulation, translation, and development regulation. BRD9 is essential for the proliferation of SMARCB1-deficient cancer cell lines, suggesting it is a therapeutic target for these lethal cancers. (Xiaofeng Wang et. al., Nature Communications, 2019, 10 (1881)). Recent studies highlight a role of BRD9 in leukemia growth: BRD9 was shown to be required for the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells (Nature Chemical Biology, 2016, 101038 / nchembio.2115). In addition to the role of BRD9 as a functional dependency in certain cancers,BRD9 also plays a pivotal role in immune cells as a regulator of regulatory T cells (Tregs) viatranscriptional control of Foxp3 target genes, “BioRxiv, 10.1101 / 2020.02.26.964981. Because of BRD9’s role in cancer proliferation there has been interest in the development of BRD9 inhibitors for the treatment of cancers including those described in: WO 2014 / 114721, WO 2016 / 077375, WO 2016 / 077378, WO 2016 / 139361, WO 2019 / 152440, a paper by Martin L. J. et. al., (Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2016, 59, 4462-4475) titled “Structure-Based Design of an in Vivo Active Selective BRD9 Inhibitor”; a paper by Theodoulou N. H. et. al., (Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2015, 59, 1425-1439) titled “Discovery of I-BRD9, a selective Cell Active Chemical Probe for Bromodomain Containing Protein 9 Inhibition”; and a paper by Clack P. et. al., (Angewandte Chemie, 2015, 127, 6315- 6319). SUMMARY The present disclosure is based on the identification of a novel class of compounds that are useful in a targeted and / or selective degradation of a desired protein, e.g. a “target protein”. In particular, the present disclosure provides compounds which facilitate proteasomal degradation of selected target protein(s) using a novel class of warhead. In one aspect, the present invention provides a compound comprising a moiety of formula (I) wherein R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-(C3-C8cycloalkyl), 3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-(3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl), C6-C10 aryl, C1-C6 alkyl-(C6-C10 aryl), 5- 10 membered heteroaryl, and C1-C6 alkyl-(5-10 membered heteroaryl), wherein each heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl(cycloalkyl), heterocycloalkyl, alkyl(heterocycloalkyl), aryl, alkyl(aryl), heteroaryl, and alkyl(heteroaryl) are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR2, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R3)2; each R2is independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl and C1-C6 haloalkyl; each R3is independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl and C1-C6 haloalkyl; R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are each independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl, whereineach alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR2,C1-C6 alkyl, CN, and N(R3)2; X1is selected from N and CR10; X2is selected from N and CR11; X3is selected from N and CR12; X4is selected from N and CR13; R10, R11, R12, and R13are each independently selected from H, halogen, OR2, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R3)2 wherein each alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR2, and N(R3)2; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein: - if X1is CR10, X2is CR11, X3is CR12and X4is CR13, then at least one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is not H; and - no more than three of X1, X2, X3and X4are N. In another aspect, the present invention provides a compound of formula (II) wherein R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, X1, X2, X3, and X4are as defined for a compound of formula (I); and G is a moiety which enables the attachment of the compound to another chemical structure via formation of a new covalent bond; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein if X1is CR10, X2is CR11, X3is CR12and X4is CR13, then at least one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is not H; and wherein no more than three of X1, X2, X3and X4are N. In another aspect, the present invention provides a compound of formula (III) wherein R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, X1, X2, X3, and X4are as defined for a compound of formula (I); L is a covalent bond or a linker; and R14is a ligand that binds to a protein; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein if X1is CR10, X2is CR11, X3is CR12and X4is CR13, then at least one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is not H; and wherein no more than three of X1, X2, X3and X4are N. In another aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (III), together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, optionally wherein the compound of formula (III) is present in the composition as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or derivative. In another aspect, the present invention provides a compound of formula (III), or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (III), for use in medicine. The present invention also provides a method of selectively degrading and / or increasing proteolysis of a target protein (e.g. BRD9) in a cell or a subject in need thereof, the method comprising contacting and / or treating the cell with a compound of formula (III) or a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising a compound of formula (III).In another aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound comprising a moiety of formula (I), together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, optionally wherein the compound comprising a moiety of formula (I) is present in the composition as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or derivative. In another aspect, the present invention provides a compound comprising a moiety of formula (I), or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound comprising a moiety of formula (I), for use in medicine. The present invention also provides a method of selectively degrading and / or increasing proteolysis of a target protein (e.g. BRD9) in a cell or a subject in need thereof, the method comprising contacting and / or treating the cell with a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound comprising a moiety of formula (I). The present invention also provides a method of making a compound of formula (I), (II) or (III). The present invention also provides a compound library comprising a plurality of compounds of formula (I), (II) or (III). DETAILED DESCRIPTION In one aspect, the present invention provides a compound comprising a moiety of formula (I) wherein R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-(C3-C8cycloalkyl), 3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl, C1-C6alkyl-(3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl), C6-C10aryl, C1-C6alkyl-(C6-C10aryl), 5- 10 membered heteroaryl, and C1-C6 alkyl-(5-10 membered heteroaryl), wherein each heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl(cycloalkyl), heterocycloalkyl, alkyl(heterocycloalkyl), aryl, alkyl(aryl), heteroaryl, and alkyl(heteroaryl) are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR2, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R3)2; each R2is independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl and C1-C6 haloalkyl; each R3is independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl and C1-C6 haloalkyl; R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are each independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl, wherein each alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR2,C1-C6 alkyl, CN, and N(R3)2;X1is selected from N and CR10; X2is selected from N and CR11; X3is selected from N and CR12; X4is selected from N and CR13; R10, R11, R12, and R13are each independently selected from H, halogen, OR2, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R3)2 wherein each alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR2, and N(R3)2; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein: - if X1is CR10, X2is CR11, X3is CR12and X4is CR13, then at least one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is not H; and - wherein no more than three of X1, X2, X3and X4are N. In embodiments, R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-methylbutan-2-yl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1-methylbutyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-hexane, 2-methyl pentane, 3-methyl pentane, 2,2-dimethyl butane, 2,3-dimethyl butane, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-(C3-C8cycloalkyl), 3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl, C1- C6 alkyl-(3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl), C6-C10 aryl, C1-C6 alkyl-(C6-C10 aryl), 5-10 membered heteroaryl, and C1-C6 alkyl-(5-10 membered heteroaryl), wherein each heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and wherein thealkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl(cycloalkyl), heterocycloalkyl, alkyl(heterocycloalkyl), aryl, alkyl(aryl), heteroaryl,and alkyl(heteroaryl) are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR2, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R3)2. In embodiments, R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, 3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl, C1-C6alkyl(3- 8 membered heterocycloalkyl), and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, alkyl(heterocycloalkyl), and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen and C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments, R1is selected from C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, 3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl substituted with C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkyl(3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl), 5-10 membered heteroaryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl substituted with halogen, wherein each heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O. In embodiments, R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In embodiments, R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In embodiments, R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In embodiments, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are each independently selected from H and C1 to C6 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen and CN (for example methyl substituted with CN). In embodiments, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are each independently selected from H, C1 to C6 alkyl, and C1 to C6 haloalkyl. In embodiments, R4and R5are each independently selected from H and C1 to C6 alkyl optionallysubstituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen and CN (for example methylsubstituted with CN). In embodiments, R4and R5are each independently selected from H, C1 to C6 alkyl, and C1 to C6 haloalkyl. In embodiments, R4and R5are each independently selected from H, C1to C6alkyl, and C1to C6 fluoroalkyl. In embodiments, R4and R5are each independently selected from H, and C1 to C6 alkyl. In embodiments, R4and R5are each independently selected from H, methyl, and isopropyl. In embodiments, R4and R5are each independently selected from H, and methyl. In embodiments, R4and R5are both methyl. In embodiments, R4is selected from H, and C1 to C6 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen and CN (for example methyl substituted with CN). In embodiments, R4is selected from H, C1 to C6 alkyl, and C1 to C6 haloalkyl. In embodiments, R4is selected from H, C1 to C6 alkyl, and C1 to C6 fluoroalkyl. In embodiments, R4is selected from H, and C1 to C6 alkyl. In embodiments, R4is selected from H, methyl, and isopropyl. In embodiments, R4is selected from methyl and isopropyl. In embodiments, R4is methyl. In embodiments, R4is isopropyl. In embodiments, R5is selected from H, and C1 to C6 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen and CN (for example methyl substituted with CN). In embodiments, R5is selected from H, C1 to C6 alkyl, and C1 to C6 haloalkyl. In embodiments, R5is selected from H, C1 to C6 alkyl, and C1 to C6 fluoroalkyl. In embodiments, R5is selected from H and C1 to C6 alkyl. In embodiments, R5 is selected from H, methyl and isopropyl.In embodiments, R5is H. In embodiments, R4and R5are each independently selected from H, and C1 to C6 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen and CN (for example methyl substituted with CN); and R6, R7, R8, and R9are H. In embodiments, R4and R5are each independently selected from H, C1 to C6 alkyl, and C1 to C6 haloalkyl; and R6, R7, R8, and R9are H. In embodiments, R4and R5are each independently selected from H, C1 to C6 alkyl, and C1 to C6 fluoroalkyl; and R6, R7, R8, and R9are H. In embodiments, R4and R5are each independently selected from H, and C1 to C6 alkyl; and R6, R7, R8, and R9are H. In embodiments, R4and R5are each independently selected from H, methyl, and isopropyl; and R6, R7, R8, and R9are H. In embodiments, R4and R5are each independently selected from H, and methyl; and R6, R7, R8, and R9are H. In embodiments, R4and R5are both methyl; and R6, R7, R8, and R9are H. In In embodiments, R4 is selected from H, C1to C6alkyl, and C1to C6fluoroalkyl; andR5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H. In embodiments, R4is selected from H, and C1 to C6 alkyl; and R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H. In embodiments, R4is selected from H, methyl, and isopropyl; and R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H. In embodiments, R4is selected from methyl and isopropyl; and R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H. In embodiments, R4is methyl; and R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), at least one and no more than three (e.g. one) of X1, X2, X3and X4is N. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), at least two and not more than three (e.g. two) of X1, X2, X3and X4are N. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), three of X1, X2, X3and X4are N. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10, R11, R12, and R13are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10, R11, R12, and R13are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, andtrifluoromethoxy.In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10, R11, R12, and R13are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), no more than two of R10, R11, R12, and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), two of R10, R11, R12, and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected fromH, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy;R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12 is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; andR13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound. In the compounds comprising a moiety of formula (I), the moiety of formula (I) may be covalently attached to the rest of the compound at any suitable position e.g. provided it has the correct valency and / or is chemically suitable. For example, R10, R11, R12, or R13may be replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound (e.g. a ligand capable of binding to a selected target protein, optionally through a linker). For example, R11, R12or R13may be replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound. For example, R11or R13may be replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound. Formula (I) therefore encompasses the compounds of formula (IA), (IB), (IC) and (ID):

[0002] wherein in the compounds of formula (IA), (IB), (IC) and (ID), R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, X1, X2, X3, and X4are as defined for the moiety of formula (I), and the wavy line intersects the bond between the moiety of formula (I) and the rest of the compound. In the compound of formula (IA), when X2is CR11, X3is CR12, and X4is CR13, then one of R11, R12and R13is not H. In the compound of formula (IB), when X1is CR10, X3is CR12, and X4is CR13, then one of R10, R12and R13is not H. In the compound of formula (IC), when X1is CR10, X2is CR11, and X4is CR13, then one of R10, R11and R14is not H. In the compound of formula (ID), when X1is CR10, X2is CR11, and X3is CR12, then one of R10, R11and R12is not H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least one of R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12 is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; andR13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12 is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; andR13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (I), R10is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (I), R10is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (I), R10is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R12 and R13 are H.In embodiments of the compound of formula (I), R10is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, and R13 are H.In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6alkoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R13is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, and R13 are H.In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R13is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10 and R11 are each independently selected fromH, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R13is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; wherein two of R10, R11, and R12 are H.In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R12is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; wherein two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10 and R11 are each independently selected fromH, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R12is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; wherein two of R10, R11, and R12 are H.In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R12is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12 is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6alkyl; andR13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, and C1-C6haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13 is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy;wherein at least two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl,methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy;R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R11 is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy;R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least one of R11, R12 and R13 is H.In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest ofthe compound;R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13 is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6alkoxy;wherein two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10 is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl,methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R12 is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; andR13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12 is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; andR13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R13is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10 is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl,methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11 is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy;R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R13is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, and R13 are H.In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R13is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, and C1-C6haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy;R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; wherein two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R12is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13 is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound;wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; wherein two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R12is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10 is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl,methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; wherein two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (I), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R12is H. In an embodiment, the moiety of formula (I) is a moiety of formula (Ia) wherein X1is selected from N and CR10; X3is selected from N and CR12; X4is selected from N and CR13; and R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, and R13are as defined for the moiety of formula (I), wherein if X1is CR10, X2is CR11, X3is CR12and X4is CR13, then at least one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is not H. In an embodiment, the moiety of formula (I) is a moiety of formula (Ib) whereinR1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, and R13are as defined for the moiety of formula (I). Formula (Ib) therefore embodies compounds of formula (Iba), (Ibb), (Ibc) and (Ibd): (IIbc) (IIbd) wherein in the compounds of formula (Iba), (Ibb), (Ibc) and (Ibd), R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, and R13are as defined for the moiety of formula (I), and the wavy line intersects the bond between the moiety of formula (Ib) and the rest of the compound. In the compound of (Iba), (Ibb), (Ibc) or (Ibd), one of R10, R11, R12, and R13(as is applicable for the particular compound) is not H. That is to say, in compounds of formula (Iba), one of R11, R12, and R13is not H; in compounds of formula (Ibb), one of R10, R12, and R13is not H; in compounds of formula (Ibc), one of R10, R11, and R13is not H; and in compounds of formula (Ibd), one of R10, R11, and R12is not H. An alternative way to express this is that in the compounds of formula (Iba), (Ibb), (Ibc) and (Ibd) (and therefore in the compounds of formula (I) and formula (Ib)), no more than two of R10, R11, R12, and R13are H. In embodiments, R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In embodiments, R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In an embodiment of the moiety of formula (Ib), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In an embodiment of the moiety of formula (Ib), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is selected from H, methyl and isopropyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In an embodiment of the moiety of formula (Ib), R1 is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is selected from H, methyl and isopropyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound. In an embodiment of the moiety of formula (Ib), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is selected from H, methyl and isopropyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In an embodiment of the moiety of formula (Ib), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is selected from H, methyl and isopropyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound. In an embodiment, the moiety of formula (I) is a moiety of formula (Ic) wherein X1is CR10or N; X2is CR11; X3is CR12or N; and X4is CR13or N; R10, R11, R12, and R13are each H; and R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are as defined for the moiety of formula (I); wherein at least one of X1, X2, X3and X4is N; and no more than three of X1, X2, X3and X4are N. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ic), one of X1, X2, X3and X4is N. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ic), at least two and not more than three (e.g. two) of X1, X2, X3and X4are N. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ic), three of X1, X2, X3and X4are N. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ic), one of R10, R11, R12and R13is replaced by acovalent bond to the rest of the compound, and the others are as defined for the moiety of formula (I).In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ic), R11is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound, and R10, R12, and R13are as defined for the moiety of formula (I). In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ic), R10, R11, R12, and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ic), one of R10, R11, R12and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound, and the others are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ic), R11is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound, and R10, R12, R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ic), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl and 5-10 membered heteroaryl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen and C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ic), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl substituted with halogen. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ic), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ic), R1is selected from the following groups: , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; and R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ic), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; and one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound, and the others are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ic), R1is selected from the following groups: , , , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R12, and R13are H; and R11is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound. In an embodiment, the moiety of formula (I) is a moiety of formula (Id) wherein X2is CR11; X3is CR12; X4is CR13; and R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, and R13are as defined for the moiety of formula (I). In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Id), one of R11, R12, and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound, and the others are as defined for the moiety of formula (I). In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Id), R11is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound, and R10, R12, and R13are as defined for the moiety of formula (I). In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Id), R11, R12, and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Id), one of R11, R12, and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound, and the others are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Id), R11is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound, and R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Id), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl and 5-10 membered heteroaryl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen and C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Id), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl substituted with halogen. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Id), R1is selected from the following groups: , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Id), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Id), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R11, R12, and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Id), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; and one of R11, R12, and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound, and the others are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Id), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R12, and R13are H; and R11is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound. In an embodiment, the moiety of formula (I) is a moiety of formula (Ie) (Ie) wherein X1is CR10; X2is CR11; X3is CR12; and R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, and R13are as defined for the moiety of formula (I). In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ie), one of R10, R11, and R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound, and the others are as defined for the moiety of formula (I). In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ie), R11is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest ofthe compound, and R10 and R12 are as defined for the moiety of formula (I).In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ie), R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ie), one of R10, R11, and R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound, and the others are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ie), R11is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound, and R10and R12are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ie), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl and 5-10 membered heteroaryl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen and C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ie), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl substituted with halogen. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ie), R1is selected from the following groups: , , , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ie), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ie), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ie), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1 and the rest of the compound;R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; and one of R10, R11, and R12is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound, and the others are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ie), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R12are H; R11is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound. In an embodiment, the moiety of formula (I) is a moiety of formula (If) wherein X2is CR11; X4is CR13; and R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, and R13are as defined for the moiety of formula (I). In embodiments of the moiety of formula (If), one of R11and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound, and the other is as defined for the moiety of formula (I). In embodiments of the moiety of formula (If), R11 is as defined for the moiety of formula (I), andR13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (If), R11and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (If), one of R11and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound, and the other is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (If), R11is H and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (If), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl and 5-10 membered heteroaryl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen and C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (If), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl substituted with halogen. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (If), R1is selected from the following groups: , , , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (If), R1is selected from the following groups: , , , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; and R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R11and R13are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (If), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; and one of R11and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound, and the other is H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (If), R1is selected from the following groups: , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1 and the rest of the compound;R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, and R11are H; and R13is replaced by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound. In one aspect, the present invention provides a compound of formula (II) (II) wherein R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9are as defined for the moiety of formula (I); X1is selected from N and CR10; X2is selected from N and CR11; X3is selected from N and CR12; X4is selected from N and CR13; R10, R11, R12, and R13are each independently selected from H, halogen, OR2, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R3)2 wherein each alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR2, and N(R3)2; each R2 is independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl and C1-C6 haloalkyl;each R3is independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl and C1-C6 haloalkyl; and G is a moiety which enables the attachment of the compound to another chemical structure via formation of a new covalent bond; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein if X1is CR10, X2is CR11, X3is CR12and X4is CR13, then at least one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is not H; and wherein no more than three of X1, X2, X3and X4are N. In the compound of formula (II), G may be covalently attached to the aromatic moiety of the compound of formula (II) at any suitable position e.g. provided it has the correct valency and / or is chemically suitable. For example, R10, R11, R12, or R13may be replaced by G. For example, R11, R12or R13may be replaced by G. For example, R11or R13may be replaced by G. In embodiments of compounds of formula (II), G comprises a functional group that is able to facilitate the formation of a new covalent bond. In embodiments of compounds of formula (II), G comprises a functional group that is able to facilitate the formation of an amide, ester, thioester, keto, urethane, amine, or ether linkage, or a carbon- carbon bond or carbon-nitrogen bond. In embodiments of compounds of formula (II), G is wherein RGis absent, or is selected from C1-C6 alkylene or a 5- or 7-memberedheterocycloalkylene comprising one or two N atoms, wherein the alkylene is optionally substituted withone or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR2, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R3)2, and wherein the heterocycloalkylene is optionally substituted by one or two C3-C4 spirocycloalkyl; each R2is independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl; each R3is independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl; XGis a group that is selected from -CO2H, -(CO)-N-hydroxysuccinimide, -(CO)-pentafluorphenol esters, -CHO, -CORG1, -OH, -ORG1, -NH2, -NHRG2, halo, O-leaving group, alkynyl, azide, dienyl, aminoxy, tetrazinyl, (E)-cyclooctenyl, cyclooctynyl, norbornyl, boronic acid, boronate ester, alkylboranes, an organometallic group, or C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by CO2H, O-NH2, or azide; or wherein XGis a 5- or 7-membered heterocycloalkylene comprising one or two N atoms, optionally substituted by one or two C3-C4 spirocycloalkyl; and RG1and RG2are each independently selected from C1-C6 alkyl; and wherein wavy line intersects the bond between G and the rest of the compound. In embodiments of compounds of formula (II), RGis absent or is C1-C6 alkylene. In embodiments of compounds of formula (II), XGis a group that is selected from -CO2H, -(CO)- N-hydroxysuccinimide, -(CO)-pentafluorphenol esters, -CHO, -CORG1, -OH, -ORG1, -NH2, -NHRG2, - N(RG1RG2), halogen, -OTs (tosylate), OMs (mesylate), –OTf (triflate), alkynyl, azide, dienyl, aminoxy,tetrazinyl, (E)-cyclooctenyl, cyclooctynyl, norbornyl, boronic acid, boronate ester, alkylboranes, anorganometallic group, or C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by CO2H, O-NH2, or azide. In embodiments of compounds of formula (II), XGis a group that is selected from -CO2H, -(CO)- N-hydroxysuccinimide, -(CO)-pentafluorphenol esters, -CHO, -CORG1, -OH, -ORG1, -NH2, -NHRG2, - N(RG1RG2), halogen, -OTs (tosylate), OMs (mesylate), –OTf (triflate), alkynyl, azide, dienyl, aminoxy, tetrazinyl, (E)-cyclooctenyl, cyclooctynyl, norbornyl, boronic acid, boronate ester, alkylboranes, organotin, zinc, or C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by CO2H, O-NH2, or azide. In embodiments of compounds of formula (II), XGis a group that is selected from -CO2H, -(CO)- N-hydroxysuccinimide, -(CO)-pentafluorphenol esters, -CHO, -CORG1, -OH, -ORG1, -NH2, -NHRG2, - N(RG1RG2), iodine, bromine, -OTs (tosylate), OMs (mesylate), –OTf (triflate), alkynyl, azide, dienyl, aminoxy, tetrazinyl, (E)-cyclooctenyl, cyclooctynyl, norbornyl, boronic acid, boronate ester, alkylboranes, organotin, zinc, or C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by CO2H, O-NH2, or azide. In embodiments of compounds of formula (II), G is selected from: , , wherein wavy line intersects the bond that forms the link with the aromatic moiety of the compound of formula (II). In embodiments of the compound of formula (I), at least one and no more than three (e.g. one) of X1, X2, X3and X4is N. In embodiments of the compound of formula (I), at least two and not more than three (e.g. two) of X1, X2, X3and X4are N. In embodiments of the compound of formula (I), three of X1, X2, X3and X4are N. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10, R11, R12, and R13are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10, R11, R12, and R13are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, andtrifluoromethoxy.In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10, R11, R12, and R13are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy. In the compound of formula (II), no more than two of R10, R11, R12, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), two of R10, R11, R12, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selectedfrom H, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, and C1-C6haloalkoxy;R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selectedfrom H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy;R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12 is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; andR13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is replaced by G. Formula (II) therefore encompasses the compounds of formula (IIA), (IIB), (IIC) and (IID):

[0003] wherein in the compounds of formula (IIA), (IIB), (IIC) and (IID), R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, X1, X2, X3, X4, and G are as defined for the compound of formula (II). In the compound of formula (IIA), when X2is CR11, X3is CR12, and X4is CR13, then one of R11, R12and R13is not H. In the compound of formula (IIB), when X1is CR10, X3is CR12, and X4is CR13, then one of R10, R12and R13is not H. In the compound of formula (IIC), when X1is CR10, X2is CR11, and X4is CR13, then one of R10, R11and R14is not H. In the compound of formula (IID), when X1is CR10, X2is CR11, and X3is CR12, then one of R10, R11and R12is not H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is replaced by G; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is replaced by G; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is replaced by G; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is replaced by G; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least one of R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is replaced by G; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, andtrifluoromethoxy;R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is replaced by G; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is replaced by G; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is replaced by G; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R11, R12 and R13 is H.In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by G; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by G; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by G; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by G; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R12 and R13 is H.In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10 and R11 are each independently selectedfrom H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R13 is H.In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10 and R11 are each independently selectedfrom H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by G. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by G; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by G; wherein two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by G; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R12 is H.In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by G. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by G; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by G; wherein two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by G; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R12is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10 and R11 are each independently selectedfrom H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by G. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by G; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by G; wherein two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by G; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R12 is H.In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11 is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, and C1-C6alkoxy;R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12 is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; andR13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10 is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine,methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is replaced by G. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is replaced by G; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is replaced by G; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy;R12 is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; andR13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is replaced by G; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is replaced by G; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least one of R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is replaced by G; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is replaced by G; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; andR13 is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy;wherein at least two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is replaced by G; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is replaced by G; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is replaced by G; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11 is replaced by G;R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is replaced by G; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is replaced by G; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by G; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13 is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy.In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by G; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by G; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by G; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10 is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine,methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by G; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by G; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by G; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by G; R12 is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; andR13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, and C1-C6haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, and R13 are H.In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11 is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy;R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13 is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy;wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by G; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by G. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl,C1-C6haloalkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, and C1-C6haloalkoxy;R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by G; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6alkyl; and R13is replaced by G; wherein two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by G; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R12is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11 is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy;R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by G. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by G; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by G; wherein two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by G; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R12 is H.In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by G. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by G; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by G; wherein two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (II), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine,methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy;R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by G; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R12is H. In an embodiment, the compound of formula (II) is a compound of formula (IIa) wherein X1 is selected from N and CR10;X3is selected from N and CR12; X4is selected from N and CR13; and R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, and G are as defined for the compound of formula (II), wherein if X1is CR10, X2is CR11, X3is CR12and X4is CR13, then at least one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is not H. In an embodiment, the compound of formula (II) is a compound of formula (IIb)

[0004] wherein R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, and G are as defined for the compound of formula (II). Therefore, Formula (IIb) embodies the compounds of formula (IIba), (IIbb), (IIbc) and (IIbd): wherein in the compounds of formula (IIba), (IIbb), (IIbc) and (IIbd), R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, and G are as defined for the compound of formula (II). In the compound of (IIba), (IIbb), (IIbc) or (IIbd), one of R10, R11, R12, and R13(as is applicable for the particular compound) is not H. That is to say, in compounds of formula (IIba), one of R11, R12, and R13is not H; in compounds of formula (IIbb), one of R10, R12, and R13is not H; in compounds of formula (IIbc), one of R10, R11, and R13is not H; and in compounds of formula (IIbd), one of R10, R11, and R12is not H. An alternative way to express this is that in the compounds of formula (IIba), (IIbb), (IIbc) and (IIbd) (and therefore in the compounds of formula (II) and formula (IIb)), no more than two of R10, R11, R12, and R13are H. In an embodiment of the compound of formula (IIb), R1is selected from the following groups: , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In an embodiment of the compound of formula (IIb), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1 and the rest of the compound;R4is selected from H, methyl and isopropyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; and G is as defined for compounds of formula (II). In an embodiment of the compound of formula (IIb), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is selected from H, methyl and isopropyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; and G is as defined for compounds of formula (II); wherein one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is replaced by G. In an embodiment of the compound of formula (IIb), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is selected from H, methyl and isopropyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; and G is as defined for compounds of formula (II). In an embodiment of the compound of formula (IIb), R1is selected from the following groups: , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is selected from H, methyl and isopropyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; and G is as defined for compounds of formula (II); wherein one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is replaced by G. In an embodiment, the compound of formula (II) is a compound of formula (IIc) whereinX1is CR10or N; X2is CR11; X3is CR12or N; and X4is CR13or N; R10, R11, R12, and R13are each H; and R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, and G are as defined for the compound of formula (II); wherein at least one of X1, X3and X4is N; and no more than three of X1, X2, X3and X4are N. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIc), one of X1, X2, X3and X4is N. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIc), at least two and not more than three (e.g. two) of X1, X2, X3and X4are N. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIc), three of X1, X2, X3and X4are N. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIc), one of R10, R11, R12and R13is replaced by G, and the others are as defined for the moiety of formula (I). In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIc), R11is replaced by G, and R10, R12, and R13are as defined for the moiety of formula (I). In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIc), R10, R11, R12, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIc), one of R10, R11, R12and R13is replaced by G, and the others are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIc), R11is replaced by G, and R10, R12, R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIc), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl and 5-10 membered heteroaryl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more groupsindependently selected from halogen and C1-C6 alkyl.In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIc), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl substituted with halogen. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIc), R1is selected from the following groups: , , , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1 and the rest of the compound.In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIc), R1is selected from the following groups: , , , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, and R13are H; and G is as defined for compounds of formula (II). In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIc), R1is selected from the following groups: , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; G is as defined for compounds of formula (II); and one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is replaced by G, and the others are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIc), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R12, and R13are H; and R11is replaced by G. In an embodiment, the moiety of formula (II) is a moiety of formula (IId) wherein X2is CR11; X3is CR12; X4is CR13; and R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, and G are as defined for the moiety of formula (II). In embodiments of the compound of formula (IId), one of R11, R12, and R13is replaced by G, and the others are as defined for the moiety of formula (II). In embodiments of the compound of formula (IId), R11is replaced by G, and R12and R13are as defined for the moiety of formula (II). In embodiments of the compound of formula (IId), R11, R12, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IId), one of R11, R12, and R13is replaced by G, and the others are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IId), R11is replaced by G, and R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (Id), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl and 5-10 membered heteroaryl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more groupsindependently selected from halogen and C1-C6 alkyl.In embodiments of the compound of formula (Id), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl substituted with halogen. In embodiments of the compound of formula (Id), R1is selected from the following groups: , , , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IId), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IId), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R11, R12, and R13are H; and G is as defined for compounds of formula (II). In embodiments of the compound of formula (IId), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; G is as defined for compounds of formula (II); and one of R11, R12, and R13is replaced by G, and the others are H. In an embodiment, the compound of formula (II) is a compound of formula (IIe) wherein X1is CR10; X2is CR11; X3is CR12; and R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, and G are as defined for the moiety of formula (II). In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIe), one of R10, R11, and R12is replaced by G, and the others are as defined for the compound of formula (II). In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIe), R11is replaced by G, and R10and R12are as defined for the compound of formula (II). In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIe), R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIe), one of R10, R11, and R12is replaced by G, and the others are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIe), R11is replaced by G, and R10and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIe), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl and 5-10 membered heteroaryl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen and C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIe), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl substituted with halogen. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIe), R1is selected from the following groups: , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In embodiments of compounds of formula (IIe), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In embodiments of compounds of formula (IIe), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R11, R12, and R13are H; and G is as defined for compounds of formula (II). In embodiments of compounds of formula (IIe), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; G is as defined for compounds of formula (II); and one of R11, R12, and R13is replaced by G, and the others are H. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (Ie), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R12are H; G is as defined for compounds of formula (II); and R11is replaced by G. In an embodiment, the compound of formula (II) is a compound of formula (IIf)

[0005] wherein X2is CR11; X4is CR13; and R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, and G are as defined for the moiety of formula (II). In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIf), one of R11and R13is replaced by G, and the other is as defined for the moiety of formula (II). In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIf), R11is as defined for the moiety of formula (II), and R13is replaced by G. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIf), R11and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIf), one of R11and R13is replaced by G, and the other is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIf), R11is H and R13is replaced by G. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIf), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl and 5-10 membered heteroaryl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen and C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIf), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6haloalkyl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl substituted with halogen.In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIf), R1is selected from the following groups: , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9, R11and R13are H; and G is as defined for compounds of formula (II). In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIf), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; G is as defined for compounds of formula (II); and one of R11and R13is replaced by G, and the other is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIf), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, and R11are H; and R13is replaced by G. In one aspect, the present invention provides a compound of formula (III) wherein a moiety -L- R14is coupled to a moiety of formula (I) as described above. In embodiments, the compound of formula (III) is as shown below: wherein R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9are as defined for the moiety of formula (I); X1is selected from N and CR10; X2is selected from N and CR11; X3is selected from N and CR12; X4is selected from N and CR13; R10, R11, R12, and R13are each independently selected from H, halogen, OR2, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R3)2 wherein each alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR2, and N(R3)2; each R2is independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl and C1-C6 haloalkyl; each R3is independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl and C1-C6 haloalkyl; L is a covalent bond or a linker; and R14is a ligand that binds to a protein; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein if X1is CR10, X2is CR11, X3is CR12and X4is CR13, then at least one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is not H; and wherein no more than three of X1, X2, X3and X4are N. In the compounds of formula (III), -L-R14may be covalently attached to the aromatic moiety of the compound of formula (III) at any suitable position e.g. provided it has the correct valency and / or is chemically suitable. For example, R10, R11, R12, or R13may be replaced by -L-R14. For example, R11, R12or R13may be replaced by -L-R14. For example, R11or R13may be replaced by -L-R14. For example, R10, R11, or R12may be replaced by -L-R14. As described herein, R14is linked or coupled to the moiety of formula (I) via L. L may be achemical linker (e.g. a chemical linker moiety) and, for example, may be a covalent linker, by which ismeant that the linker is coupled to the moiety of formula (I) and / or R14by a covalent bond. L acts to tether R14and the moiety of formula (I) to one another whilst also allowing both of these portions to bind to their respect targets and / or perform their intended function. In particular, L may act to tether R14to the moiety of formula (I) whilst also mitigating the possibility of the moiety of formula (I) disrupting, interfering with and / or inhibiting the binding of R14to the target protein. Additionally or alternatively, L may act to tether the moiety of formula (I) to R14whilst also mitigating the possibility of R14disrupting, interfering with and / or inhibiting the cellular interactions of the moiety of formula (I) (e.g. its function in modulating, facilitating and / or promoting the proteasomal degradation of the target protein). In other words, L may function to facilitate targeted protein degradation by allowing each end of the compounds of formula (III) to be available for binding (or another type of cellular interaction) with various components of the cellular environment. For example, L may be configured to allow R14to bind to the target protein without interference, disruption and / or inhibition from the moiety of formula (I). Additionally or alternatively, L may be configured to allow the moiety of formula (I) to interact with the various components in the cellular environment to modulate, facilitate and / or promote the proteasomal degradation of the target protein without interference, disruption and / or inhibition from R14. In many cases, a broad range of linkers will be tolerated. The selection of linker may depend upon the protein being targeted for degradation (the target protein) and / or the particular R14. L may be selected to provide a particular length and / or flexibility, e.g. such that R14and themoiety of formula (I) are held within a particular distance and / or geometry. As will be appreciated by oneof skill in the art, the length and / or flexibility of L may be varied dependent upon the structure and / or nature of R14. In some examples, R14is connected directly to the moiety of formula (I) by a covalent bond i.e, L is a covalent bond. Such a direct connection is also encompassed within the term “linker” within the context of the present disclosure (and unless otherwise stated). By way of example only, L may comprise any number of atoms between 1 and 200, between 1 and 100, between 1 and 50, between 1 and 30 or between 1 and 10. In some cases L may comprise any number of atoms in a single linear chain of between 1 and 200, between 1 and 100, between 1 and 50, between 1 and 30 or between 1 and 10. In some examples of the disclosure, L may comprise any number of atoms in a single linear chain between 1 and 25, such as 3 and 25, or between 1 and 20, such as 3 and 20, or between 1 and 18, such as 3 and 18. In some examples of the disclosure, L may comprise 1 to 25 or 1 to 18 atoms in a single linear chain. The degree of flexibility of L may depend upon the number of rotatable bonds present in L. A rotatable bond is defined as a single non-ring bond, bound to a nonterminal heavy atom (e.g. non- hydrogen atom). As described herein, an amide (C-N) bond is not considered rotatable because of the high rotational energy barrier. In some cases, L may comprise one or more moieties selected from rings, double bonds and amides to reduce the flexibility of L. In other cases, L may comprise a greater number and / or proportion of single bonds (e.g. may predominantly comprise single non-ring bonds) to increasethe flexibility of L. It may also be appreciated that the length of L may affect the degree of flexibility. Forexample, a shorter L comprising fewer bonds may also reduce the flexibility of L. In some examples, the number of rotatable bonds present in L may be any number between 1 and 20, between 1 and 15, between 1 and 10, or between 1 and 8. In some examples, the number of rotatable bonds present in L may be any number between 2 and 9, between 2 and 8, or between 3 and 6. In some examples, the number of rotatable bonds present in L may be 1 to 10, or 1 to 8. In some examples, L may comprise any number of atoms in a single linear chain between 10 and 20; and / or the number of rotatable bonds present in L may be any number between 1 and 8. The structure of L may be represented as follows: (Lx)q wherein each Lx represents a subunit of L; and q is an integer greater than or equal to 1. For example, q may be any integer between 1 and 30, between 1 and 20 or between 1 and 5. By way of example, in the case where q is 1, L comprises only one Lx subunit and may be represented as L1. In the case where q is 2, L comprises two Lx subunits that are covalently linked to one another and which may be represented as L1- L2. In another example, where q is 3, L comprises three Lx subunits that are covalently linked to one another and may be represented as L1-L2-L3. For even higher integer values of q, L may comprise the following subunits L1, L2, L3, L4 ….up to Lq. Each of Lx may be independently selected from CRL1RL2, O, C=O, S, S=O, SO2, NRL3, SONRL4, SONRL5C=O, CONRL6, NRL7CO, C(RL8)=C(RL9), C≡C, C6-C10aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C3-C8cycloalkyl, 3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein each heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl comprisesone or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalklyl, and heterocycloalkyl are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR15, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R16)2; wherein each R15may be independently selected from H and C1-C6alkyl; and each R16may be independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl. Each of RL1, RL2, RL3, RL4, RL5, RL6, RL7, RL8, and RL9may be independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6, haloalkyl, OH, C1-C6 alkoxy, NH2, NH(C1-C6 alkyl), NO2, CN, CONH2, CONH(C1-C6alkyl), CON(C1-C6alkyl)2, SO2(C1-C6alkyl), CO2(C1-C6alkyl), and CO(C1-C6alkyl). In some examples, each of RL1, RL2, RL3, RL4, RL5, RL6, RL7, RL8and RL9may be independently selected from H-C1 to C6 alkyl. The terminal Lx subunits may link or couple L moiety to R14and the moiety of formula (I). For example, if the terminal Lx subunits are designated as L1 and Lq, L1 may link L to R14and Lq may link L to the the moiety of formula (I). In those cases where q is 1, the one Lx subunit (e.g. L1) provides the link between R14and the moiety of formula (I). R14and the moiety of formula (I) may be covalently linked to L through any group which is appropriate and stable to the chemistry of L. By way of example only, L may be covalently bonded to R14via a carbon-carbon bond, keto, amino, amide, ester or ether linkage. Similarly, L may be covalentlybonded to the moiety of formula (I) via a carbon-carbon bond, carbon-nitrogen bond, keto, amino, amide,ester or ether linkage. In some cases, each terminal Lx subunit (e.g. L1 and Lq) is independently selected from O, C=O, CRL1RL2, NRL3, CONRL6, NRL7CO, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl and substituted heterocycloalkyl groups. In some examples, at least one of Lx comprises a ring structure and is, for example, selected from a heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or aryl group. In alternative examples, L may be, or may comprise an alkyl linker comprising, a repeating subunit of -CH2-; where the number of repeats is from 1 to 50, for example, 1-50, 1-40, 1-30, 1-20, 1- 19, 1-18, 1-17, 1-16, 1-15, 1-14, 1-13, 1-12, 1-11, 1-10, 1-9.1-8, 1-7, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3 and 1-2. In other examples, L may be, or may comprise a polyalkylene glycol. By way of example only, L may be, or may comprise a polyethylene glycol (PEG) comprising repeating subunits of ethylene glycol (C2H4O), for example, having from about 1-50 ethylene glycol subunits, for example where the number of repeats is from 1 to 100, for example, 1-50, 1-40, 1-30, 1-20, 1-191-18, 1-17, 1-16, 1-15, 1-14, 1-13, 1-12 or 1-5 repeats. In some of the examples described herein, the structure of L may be, or may comprise, a structure represented as shown in formula (L1a): L1A-L2A-L3A(L1a) wherein L1Ais absent or is selected from C1-C6 alkylene (e.g. ethylene), C1-C6 alkoxy (e.g. -O(CH2)-, -O(CH2)2-,-O(CH2)5-,-CH2OCH2-) and C1-C6alkylamino (e.g. -NRL2A(CH2)-, -RL2A(CH2)2-, - RL2A(CH2)5-, -CH2RL2ACH2-); L2Ais -NRL2AC=O- or -C=ONRL2A-; and L3Ais selected from C1-C3 alkylene (e.g. ethylene), C1-C6 alkoxy (e.g. -(CH2)O-, -(CH2)2O-, - (CH2)5O-,-CH2OCH2-) and C1-C6alkylamino (e.g. -(CH2)NRL2A-, -(CH2)2NRL2A-,-(CH2)5NRL2A-,- CH2NRL2ACH2-); wherein RL2Ais H or C1-C6 alkyl (e.g. C1-C3 alkyl). In further examples, the structure of L may be, or may comprise, a structure represented as shown in formula (L1b): L1B-L2B-L3B-L4B-L5B (L1b) wherein L1Bis absent or is selected from C1-C3 alkylene (e.g. ethylene), C1-C6 alkoxy (e.g. - O(CH2)-, -O(CH2)2-, -O(CH2)5-, -CH2OCH2-) and C1-C6 alkylamino (e.g. -NRL2A(CH2)-, -NRL2A(CH2)2-, - RL2A(CH2)5-, -CH2RL2ACH2-); L2Bis -NRL2AC=O- or -C=ONRL2A-; L3Bis selected from C1-C15 alkylene, and -[(CH2)2O]1-6(CH2)2-; L4Bis -NRL2AC=O- or -C=ONRL2A- wherein RL2Ais H or C1-C6 alkyl (e.g. C1-C3 alkyl); L5Bis selected from C1-C3 alkylene (e.g. ethylene), C1-C6 alkoxy (e.g. -(CH2)O-, -(CH2)2O-, - (CH2)5O-, -CH2OCH2-) and C1-C6 alkylamino (e.g. -(CH2)NRL2A-, -NRL2A(CH2)2-, -(CH2)5NRL2A-, -CH2NRL2ACH2-);wherein RL2Ais H or C1-C6 alkyl (e.g. C1-C3 alkyl). In some of the examples described herein, the structure of L may be, or may comprise, a structure represented as shown in formula (L1c): L1C-L2C-L3C-L4C(L1c) wherein L1Cis a4- to 7-membered monocyclic N-heterocycloalkyl, a 7- to 12-membered bicyclic N-heterocycloalkyl, or a 8- to 18-membered tricyclic N-heterocycloalkyl, wherein the monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic N-heterocycloalkyl each optionally containing one or two additional ring heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, and are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR15, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R16)2; L2Cis absent or is selected from C1-C3 alkylene (e.g. ethylene), C1-C6 alkoxy (e.g. -(CH2)O-, - (CH2)2O-, -(CH2)5O-, -CH2OCH2-) and C1-C6 alkylamino (e.g. -(CH2)NRL2A-, -(CH2)2NRL2A-, -(CH2)5NRL2A- L4Cis selected from C1-C3 alkylene (e.g. ethylene), C1-C6 alkoxy (e.g. -(CH2)O-, -(CH2)2O-, - (CH2)5O-, -CH2OCH2-) and C1-C6 alkylamino (e.g. -(CH2)NRL2A-, -(CH2)2NRL2A-, -(CH2)5NRL2A-, - CH2NRL2ACH2-); each R15is independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl; each R16is independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl; RL2A is H or C1-C6alkyl (e.g. C1-C3alkyl); andRL2Bis NRL2A; or an N-linked 4- to 7-membered monocyclic N-heterocycloalkyl, a 7- to 12- membered bicyclic N-heterocycloalkyl, or an 8- to 18-membered tricyclic N-heterocycloalkyl, wherein the monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic N-heterocycloalkyl each optionally containing one or two additional ring heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, and are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR17, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R18)2. In examples of L represented by the Formula L1c, L1Cand L2Cmay be both absent. In such examples, RL2Bin L3Cis an N-linked 4- to 7-membered monocyclic N-heterocycloalkyl, optionally containing one or two additional ring heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, and optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR15, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R16)2, and L3Cis the terminal subunit of the linker attached, suitably covalently attached, to R14via RL2B. In some of the examples described herein, the structure of L may be, or may comprise, a structure represented as shown in formula (L1d): L1D-L2D-L3D(L1d) wherein L1Dis absent or is selected from C1-C3 alkylene, CO, C1-C3 alkylene(N(C1-C3 alkyl); L2Dis NRL2Aor a 4- to 7-membered monocyclic N-heterocycloalkyl, a 7- to 12-membered bicyclic N-heterocycloalkyl, or an 8- to 18-membered tricyclic N-heterocycloalkyl, wherein the monocyclic,bicyclic, and tricyclic N-heterocycloalkyl each optionally contain one or two additional ring heteroatomsselected from N, O and S, and are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR15, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R16)2; each R19is independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl; each R20is independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl; and RL2Ais H or C1-C6 alkyl (e.g. C1-C3 alkyl); and L3Dis absent or is selected from C1-C3 alkylene, -O-, -N(C1-C3 alkyl)-, and CO. In further examples, the structure of the linker (L) may be, or may comprise, a structure represented as shown in formula (L1e): L1E-L2E-L3E(L1e) wherein L1Eis C1-C3 alkylene (e.g. methylene) or CO; L2Eis a 4- to 7-membered monocyclic N-heterocycloalkyl, or a 7- to 12-membered bicyclic N- heterocycloalkyl, wherein the monocyclic, and bicyclic N-heterocycloalkyl each optionally contain one or two additional ring heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, and are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR15, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R16)2; each R15is independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl; each R16is independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl; and L3Eis selected from C1-C3 alkylene (e.g. methylene). In some examples, L1A, L1B, L1C, L1D, or L1Eis the terminal subunit of the linker structure attached(i.e. covalently bonded) to the moiety of formula (I) and L3A, L5B, L4C, L3D, L3E is the terminal subunit ofthe linker structure attached (i.e. covalently bonded) to R14. Where any of L1A, L1Bor L1Dare absent, L2A, L2Bor L2Dis directly attached (i.e. covalently bonded) to the moiety of formula (I). Where L3Dis absent, L2Dis directly attached (i.e. covalently bonded) to R14. As stated above, a number of linker portions, such as L1C, L2D, L2Eexamples of RL2Band, may be bicyclic or tricyclic, and unless otherwise stated, these moieties may comprise rings that are joined by a bond, rings that are fused, a bridged ring and / or rings that are joined at a spiro centre. When any one of L1C, L2D, L2Eexamples of RL2Bis bicyclic, it may be a bridged bicyclic ring (i.e. it may comprise two rings that share three or more atoms) or it may be a spirocyclic bicyclic ring (i.e. it may comprise two rings that share one atom, e.g. the two rings may be joined at a spiro centre). When any one of L1C, L2D, L2Eexamples of RL2Bis a bridged bicyclic ring, it may be a 7- to 12- membered bridged bicyclic N-heterocycloalkyl optionally containing one or two additional ring heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, and optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR15, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R16)2. In some examples, L1C, L2D, L2E, and examples of RL2Bmay be a 7- or 8-membered bridged bicyclic N-heterocycloalkyl optionally containing one or two additional ring heteroatoms selected from N, O and S. In some examples, L1C,L2D, L2E, and examples of RL2B may be a 7- or 8-membered bridged bicyclic N-heterocycloalkyl optionallycontaining one additional ring atom selected from N. When any one of L1C, L2D, L2E, and examples of RL2Bis a spirocyclic bicyclic ring, it may be a 7- to 12-membered spirocyclic bicyclic N-heterocycloalkyl optionally containing one or two additional ring heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, and optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR15, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R16)2. In some examples, L1C, L2D, L2E, and examples of RL2Bmay be a 7- to 12-membered spirocyclic bicyclic N-heterocycloalkyl optionally containing one or two additional ring heteroatoms selected from N, O and S. In some cases, L1C, L2D, L2E, and examples of RL2Bmay be bicyclic and comprises a first 5- to 7-membered ring and a second 3- to 7-membered ring. For example, L1C, L2D, L2E, and examples of RL2Bmay be a spirocyclic bicyclic N- heterocycloalkyl comprising a first 5- or 6-membered ring and a second 3- to 6-membered ring, and optionally containing one or two additional ring heteroatoms selected from N, O and S. In some examples, L1C, L2D, L2E, and examples of RL2Bmay be a spirocyclic bicyclic N-heterocycloalkyl comprising a first 5- or 6-membered ring and a second 3- to 6-membered ring, and optionally containing one additional ring heteroatoms selected from N. In some examples, the structure of L1C, L2D, L2E, and examples of RL2Bmay be any one selected from: ; wherein L1Aand L3Aare as defined above; X5is C(Rb)2, NRbor O; Rbis H or optionally substituted C1-3alkyl; n1 is 0, 1, 2 or 3; n’ is 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2 The dotted line on the structures above indicates that the linker may be joined to the structure shown at any position indicated (provided that it has the correct valency and / or is chemically suitable). In some examples L1C, L2D, L2E, and examples of RL2Bis any one selected from: The dotted line on the structures above indicates that the linker may be joined to the structure shown at any position indicated (provided that it has the correct valency and / or is chemically suitable). As stated above, L1Dis absent or is selected from C1-C3 alkylene, –O-, -N(C1-C3 alkyl)-, and CO. In some examples, L3Dis selected from C1-C3 alkylene (e.g. methylene). In some of the examples described herein, L may be, or may comprise, a structure represented as shown in formula (L1f): L1F(L1f) wherein L1Fis selected from C1-C3 alkylene, CO, and C1-C3 alkylene(NRL1C); wherein RL1Cis H or C1-C3 alkyl. In some examples, L1Fis selected from C1-C3 alkylene (such as methylene). In any of the examples described herein, the linker is or comprises one or more of: 5 10 , 5 10 , 5 10 , 5 10 , wherein: q1 is any integer between 1 and 20, or between 1 and 10 (e.g. between 1 and 5); q2 is any integer between 1 and 20, or between 1 and 10 (e.g.3, 4, 5, 6 or 10); q3 is 1 to 8, such as 1 to 5; and q4 is 1 to 12, such as 1 to 10. In some cases, the structures shown above represent the entirety of L. In other examples, L may comprise a plurality of the structures shown above. In these structures, the wavy lines are shown over the bond(s) that forms the link with R14and the moiety of formula (I). In some examples, the bond(s) that forms the link with R14and / or the moiety of formula (I) is (are) attached to a ring structure. On many of the structures described herein, this bond is shown as being attached at a particular position on the ring structure. However, the disclosure also encompasses joining or coupling to the R14and the moiety of formula (I) at any chemically suitable position on these ring structures. The present disclosure encompasses the use of any of the linkers disclosed herein in combination with any of the Z moieties and TBL moieties described herein. In some examples, the -L-R14moiety comprises a structure selected from: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between L and the rest of the compound. In some examples, the -L-R14moiety comprises a structure selected from: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between L and the moiety of formula (I). R14is a ligand or moiety that binds to a protein (a “target protein”). A target protein may be any polypeptide or protein that the skilled practitioner wishes to selectively degrade in a cell or a mammal, e.g., a human or animal subject. In other words, a target protein may be a protein or polypeptide that is selected by the skilled practitioner for increased proteolysis in a cell. The term “selected target protein” may be any polypeptide or protein which has been selected to be targeted for protein degradation and / or increased proteolysis. In some examples of the present disclosure, the term “target protein” does not include androgen receptor. As used herein, “androgen receptor” means a protein with the UniProtKB designation of P10275 (ANDR_HUMAN). In some examples of the present disclosure, the term “target protein” does not include estrogen receptor. As used herein, “estrogen receptor” means a protein with the UniProtKB designation of P03372 (ESR1_HUMAN). In other words, in some examples, the compounds of formula (III) of the present invention may not be intended for use or may not be suitable for use in the targeted degradation of a target protein selected from an: (i) estrogen receptor; and (ii) androgen receptor. According to the disclosure, degradation of a target protein may occur when the target protein is subjected to and / or contacted with a compound of formula (III) as described herein, e.g. when the target protein is subjected to and / or contacted with any one of the compounds of formula (III) in a cell. Selective degradation and / or increased proteolysis of the target protein will reduce levels of the target protein and so can reduce the effects of the target protein in the cell. The control of specific protein levels afforded by the compounds of formula (III) described herein may provide treatment of a disease state or condition, which is modulated through or by the target protein by lowering the level of that protein in the cells of a subject. Target proteins that may be subject to increased proteolysis and / or selective degradation whencontacted to the compounds of formula (III) of this disclosure (and the associated methods of using suchcompounds) include any proteins and polypeptides. Target proteins include proteins and polypeptides having a biological function or activity such as structural, regulatory, hormonal, enzymatic, genetic, immunological, contractile, storage, transportation, and signal transduction functions and activities. By way of example, target proteins may include structural proteins, receptors, enzymes, cell surface proteins, proteins pertinent to the integrated function of a cell, including proteins involved in catalytic activity, epigenetic regulation, aromatase activity, motor activity, helicase activity, metabolic processes (anabolism and catabolism), antioxidant activity, proteolysis, biosynthesis, proteins with kinase activity, oxidoreductase activity, transferase activity, hydrolase activity, lyase activity, isomerase activity, ligase activity, enzyme regulator activity, signal transducer activity, structural molecule activity, binding activity (protein, lipid carbohydrate), receptor activity, cell motility, membrane fusion, cell communication, regulation of biological processes, development, cell differentiation, response to stimulus, behavioural proteins, cell adhesion proteins, proteins involved in cell death, proteins involved in transport (including protein transporter activity, nuclear transport, ion transporter activity, channel transporter activity, carrier activity, permease activity, secretion activity, electron transporter activity, pathogenesis, chaperone regulator activity, nucleic acid binding activity, transcription regulator activity, extracellular organization and biogenesis activity, and translation regulator activity. Target proteins may include proteins from eukaryotes and prokaryotes, including humans, other animals, including domesticated animals, microbes, viruses, fungi and parasites, among numerous other targets for drug therapy. In some examples, target proteins may include, but are not limited to: (i) kinases (such asserine / threonine kinases and receptor tyrosine kinases); (ii) bromodomain-containing proteins (such as BET family proteins); (iii) epigenetic proteins (including histone or DNA methyl transferases, acetyl transferases, deacetylases and demethylases); (iv) transcription factors (including STAT3 and myc); (v) GTPases (including KRAS (including KRAS G12D), NRAS, and HRAS); (vi) phosphatases; (vii) ubiquitin E3 ligases and deubiquitinase enzymes; (viii) nuclear hormone receptors (including, for example, thyroid hormone receptor, androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER), but as stated above, in some examples, the target protein does not include androgen receptor and estrogen receptor); (ix) aggregation-prone proteins (including Beta-amyloid, tau, Htt, alpha-synuclein and polyQ-expanded proteins); (x) apoptotic & anti-apoptotic factors (including Bcl2, Bcl-xl and Mcl-1); and (xi) polymerases (including PARP & POLQ) among numerous others. A target protein may also be selected from targets for human therapeutic drugs. These include proteins which may be used to restore function in numerous diseases, e.g. polygenic diseases, including for example, target proteins selected from B7.1 and B7, TNFR1, TNFR2, NADPH oxidase, BclI / Bax and other partners in the apoptosis pathway, C5a receptor, HMG-CoA reductase, PDE V phosphodiesterase type, PDE IV phosphodiesterase type 4, PDE I, PDEII, PDEIII, squalene cyclase inhibitor, CXCR1, CXCR2, nitric oxide (NO) synthase, cyclo-oxygenase 1, cyclo-oxygenase 2, 5HT receptors, dopamine receptors, G Proteins, i.e., Gq, histamine receptors, 5-lipoxygenase, tryptase serine protease,thymidylate synthase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, GAPDH trypanosomal, glycogenphosphorylase, Carbonic anhydrase, chemokine receptors, JAK STAT, RXR and similar, HIV 1 protease, HIV 1 integrase, influenza, neuraminidase, hepatitis B reverse transcriptase, sodium channel, multi drug resistance (MDR), protein P-glycoprotein (and MRP), serine / threonine kinases, tyrosine kinases, CD23,CD124, tyrosine kinase p56 lck, CD4, CD5, IL-2 receptor, IL-1 receptor, TNF-alphaR, ICAM1, Cat+ channels, VCAM, VLA-4 integrin, selectins, CD40 / CD40L, neurokinins and receptors, inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, p38 MAP Kinase, Ras / Raf / MEK / ERK pathway, interleukin-1 converting enzyme, caspase, HCV, NS3 protease, HCV NS3 RNA helicase, glycinamide ribonucleotide formyl transferase, rhinovirus 3C protease, herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-I), protease, cytomegalovirus (CMV) protease, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, cyclin dependent kinases, vascular endothelial growth factor, oxytocin receptor, microsomal transfer protein inhibitor, bile acid transport inhibitor, 5 alpha reductase inhibitors, angiotensin 11, glycine receptor, noradrenaline reuptake receptor, endothelin receptors, neuropeptide Y and receptor, adenosine receptors, adenosine kinase and AMP deaminase, purinergic receptors (P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4,P2Y6, P2X1-7), farnesyltransferases, geranylgeranyl transferase, TrkA a receptor for NGF, beta-amyloid, tyrosine kinase Flk-IIKDR, vitronectin receptor, integrin receptor, Her-21 neu, telomerase inhibition, cytosolic phospholipaseA2 and EGF receptor tyrosine kinase. Additional protein targets include, for example, ecdysone 20-monooxygenase, ion channel of the GABA gated chloride channel, acetylcholinesterase, voltage-sensitive sodium channel protein, calcium release channel, and chloride channels. Still further target proteins include Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, adenylosuccinate synthetase, SMARCA2; SMARCA4 protoporphyrinogen oxidase, andenolpyruvylshikimate-phosphate synthase.Target proteins may also be haloalkane dehalogenase enzymes. By way of example, compounds of formula (III) according to the disclosure which contain chloroalkane peptide binding moieties (C1-C12 often about C2-C10 alkyl halo groups) may be used to inhibit and / or degrade haloalkane dehalogenase enzymes which are used in fusion proteins or related diagnostic proteins as described in PCT / US2012 / 063401 filed December 6, 2011 and published as WO 2012 / 078559 on June 14, 2012, the contents of which is incorporated by reference herein. R14is a ligand or moiety which binds to a protein, i.e. a target protein, e.g. a selected target protein (i.e. R14is a target protein binding ligand). By way of example, R14may be any moiety, which selectively and / or specifically binds a target protein. R14may be a ligand or moiety which binds to the target protein with sufficient binding affinity such that the target protein is more susceptible to degradation or proteolysis than if unbound by the compound of formula (III). R14may bind to a target protein with a binding affinity of less than or equal to about 10 µM, less than or equal to about 1 µM, less than or equal to about 0.5 µM, or less than or equal to about 0.1 µM. In some examples, the R14may bind to the target protein with a binding affinity of about 0.01 nM to about 10 µM, such as about 0.01 nM to about 8 µM, about 0.01 nM to about 5 µM, about 0.01 nM to about 3 µM. For the avoidance of doubt, binding affinity is a measure of the propensity of an object comprising two components bound together to separate (dissociate) into the two components. As usedherein, the binding affinity is the measure of the propensity of the complex formed when the R14 bindsto the target protein to dissociate into separate components, i.e. the propensity of R14to dissociate from the target protein. The binding between the target protein and R14may comprise one or more binding interactions, such as one or more of the group consisting of hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole bonding, ion-dipole bonding, ion-induced dipole bonding, ionic bonding and covalent bonding. For example, the binding between the target protein and R14may comprise a salt bridge (a combination of hydrogen and ionic bonding). As stated above, in some examples, R14may not be a target protein binding ligand selected from: (i) an estrogen receptor binding ligand; and (ii) an androgen receptor binding ligand. In particular, in some examples, the R14of the present disclosure is: (i) not a ligand that specifically binds to an estrogen receptor; and (ii) not a ligand that specifically binds to an androgen receptor. In some examples, the R14does not bind to an estrogen receptor with a binding affinity of less than or equal to about 10 µM, or less than or equal to about 1 µM. In other words, in some examples, R14does not bind to an estrogen receptor with sufficient binding affinity such that the estrogen receptor is selectively degraded. In particular, if the compounds of formula (III) as described herein were to be contacted with an estrogen receptor, the observed DC50 values (for degradation of the estrogen receptor) would be greater than about 10000 nM, or greater than about 1000 nM. In some examples, R14does not bind to an androgen receptor with a binding affinity of less thanor equal to about 10 µM, or less than or equal to about 1 µM.Additionally, in some examples, R14does not bind to an androgen receptor with sufficient binding affinity such that the androgen receptor is selectively degraded. In particular, if the compound of formula (III) as described herein were to be contacted with an androgen receptor, the observed DC50 values (for degradation of the androgen receptor) would be greater than about 10000 nM, or greater than about 1000 nM. R14may comprise or be derived from a small molecule (or analogue or fragment thereof) already known to act as a modulator, promoter and / or inhibitor of protein function (e.g. any small molecule known to bind to the target protein). By way of example, the R14may comprise or be derived from a small molecule that is known to inhibit activity of a given target protein. Non-limiting examples of small molecules that can be comprised in R14described herein include: (i) binders to kinases (including serine / threonine kinases e.g. RAF, receptor tyrosine kinases and other classes), (ii) compounds binding to bromodomain-containing proteins (including BET family and others), (iii) epigenetic modulator compounds (including binders to histone or DNA methyl transferases, acetyl transferases, deacetylases & demethylases and others e.g. histone deacetylase (HDAC), lysine acetyl transferases such as P300 (EP300; adenoviral E1A binding protein of 300 kDa) and CBP (CREBBP; cyclic-AMP response element binding protein)), (iv) binders to transcription factors including STAT3, myc and others, (v) binders to GTPases (including KRAS (including KRAS G12D), NRAS, HRAS and others), (vi) binders of phosphatases, (vii) binders of ubiquitin E3 ligases (e.g. MDM2) anddeubiquitinase enzymes; (viii) binders of nuclear hormone receptors (including, for example, thyroidreceptor, androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER), although in some examples, as stated above, the target binding ligands do not comprise binders to androgen receptor and estrogen receptor); (ix) binders to aggregation-prone proteins (including Beta-amyloid, tau, Htt, alpha-synuclein and polyQ- expanded proteins); (x) binders to apoptotic & anti-apoptotic factors (including Bcl2, Bcl-xl and Mcl-1), and (xi) binders to polymerases (including PARP & POLQ) among numerous others. For example, R14described herein may be selected from: (i) binders to kinases (including serine / threonine kinases e.g. RAF, receptor tyrosine kinases and other classes); (ii) compounds binding to bromodomain-containing proteins (including BET family and others); (iii) epigenetic modulator compounds (including binders to histone or DNA methyl transferases, acetyl transferases, deacetylases & demethylases and others e.g. histone deacetylase (HDAC), lysine acetyl transferases such as P300 (EP300; adenoviral E1A binding protein of 300 kDa) and CBP (CREBBP; cyclic-AMP response element binding protein)); (iv) binders to transcription factors including STAT3, myc and others; (v) binders of phosphatases; (vi) binders of ubiquitin E3 ligases (e.g. MDM2) and / or deubiquitinase enzymes; (vii) binders of nuclear hormone receptors (including, for example, thyroid receptor, androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER), although in some examples, as stated above, the target binding ligands do not comprise binders to androgen receptor and estrogen receptor); (viii) binders to aggregation-prone proteins (including Beta-amyloid, tau, Htt, alpha-synuclein and polyQ-expanded proteins); (ix) binders to apoptotic & anti-apoptotic factors (including Bcl2, Bcl-xl and Mcl-1), and (x) binders to polymerases (including PARP & POLQ). Other non-limiting examples of small molecules that can be comprised in R14 include: (i) Hsp90inhibitors, (ii) human lysine methyltransferase inhibitors, (iii) angiogenesis inhibitors, (iv) compounds targeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), (v) compounds targeting FKBP, (vi) compounds targeting HIV protease, (vii) compounds targeting HIV integrase, (viii) compounds targeting HCV protease, (ix) compounds targeting acyl-protein thioesterase-1 and -2 (APT1 and APT2) among numerous others. In an embodiment, R14refers to a ligand or moiety, which binds BRD9, SMARCA2, SMARCA4, and / or KRAS (including KRAS G12D) e.g. specifically binds BRD9, SMARCA2, SMARCA4, or KRAS (including KRAS G12D), i.e. R14is a BRD9, SMARCA2, SMARCA4, and / or KRAS (including KRAS G12D) binder. R14of a compound of formula (III) according to this embodiment may bind to the BRD9, SMARCA2, SMARCA4, and / or KRAS (including KRAS G12D) target protein with sufficient binding affinity such that the BRD9, SMARCA2, SMARCA4, and / or KRAS (including KRAS G12D) target protein is more susceptible to degradation or proteolysis than if unbound by the compound of formula (III). In an embodiment, R14refers to a ligand or moiety, which binds SMARCA2 e.g. specifically binds SMARCA2, i.e. R14is a SMARCA2 binder. R14of a compound of formula (III) according to this embodiment may bind to the SMARCA2 target protein with sufficient binding affinity such that the SMARCA2 target protein is more susceptible to degradation or proteolysis than if unbound by the compound of formula (III). In an embodiment, R14refers to a ligand or moiety, which binds SMARCA4 e.g. specifically binds SMARCA4, i.e. R14is a SMARCA4 binder. R14of a compound of formula (III) according to thisembodiment may bind to the SMARCA4 target protein with sufficient binding affinity such that theSMARCA4 target protein is more susceptible to degradation or proteolysis than if unbound by the compound of formula (III). In an embodiment, R14refers to a ligand or moiety, which binds SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 i.e. R14is a SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 binder. R14of a compound of formula (III) according to this embodiment may bind to the SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 target proteins with sufficient binding affinity such that the SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 target proteins are more susceptible to degradation or proteolysis than if unbound by the compound of formula (III). In an embodiment, R14refers to a ligand or moiety, which binds KRAS (including KRAS G12D) e.g. specifically binds KRAS (including KRAS G12D), i.e. R14is a KRAS (including KRAS G12D) binder. R14of a compound of formula (III) according to this embodiment may bind to the KRAS (including KRAS G12D) target protein with sufficient binding affinity such that the KRAS (including KRAS G12D) target protein is more susceptible to degradation or proteolysis than if unbound by the compound of formula (III). In an embodiment, R14refers to a ligand or moiety, which binds BRD9, e.g. specifically binds BRD9, i.e. R14is a BRD9 binder. R14of a compound of formula (III) according to this embodiment may bind to the BRD9 target protein with sufficient binding affinity such that the BRD9 target protein is more susceptible to degradation or proteolysis than if unbound by the compound of formula (III). R14may comprise or be derived from a small molecule (or analogue or fragment thereof) already known to act as a modulator, promoter and / or inhibitor of BRD9 protein function. By way of example,R14 may comprise or be derived from a small molecule that is known to inhibit activity of BRD9 targetprotein. By way of example, R14of the compounds of formula (III) of this embodiment may bind to BRD9 with sufficient binding affinity such that BRD9 is selectively degraded. In particular, if the compounds of formula (III) of this embodiment were to be contacted with BRD9, the observed DC50values (for degradation of BRD9) may be less than or equal to about 15 µM, less than or equal to about 10 µM, less than or equal to 1000 nM, less than or equal to 500 nM, less than or equal to 100 nM, or less than or equal to 25 nM, less than or equal to 10 nM, less than or equal to 5 nM, less than or equal to 1.25 nM, less than or equal to 1 nM, or less than or equal to 0.5 nM. By way of further example, R14of the compounds of formula (III) of this embodiment may may bind to BRD9 with a dissociation constant of less than or equal to about 10 µM, less than or equal to about 5 µM, or less than or equal to about 3 µM. In some examples, R14of the compounds of formula (III) of this embodiment may bind to BRD9 with a dissociation constant of less than or equal to 1000 nM, less than or equal to 500 nM, less than or equal to 100 nM, less than or equal to 50 nM, or less than or equal to 20 nM. In some examples, the R14of the compounds of formula (III) of this embodiment may bind to BRD9 with a dissociation constant of about 0.001 nM to about 10 µM, such as about 0.001 nM to about 8 µM, about 0.001 nM to about 5 µM, about 0.001 nM to about 3 µM or about 0.001 nM to about 2.7 µM. In some examples, the R14of the compounds of formula (III) of this embodiment may bind toBRD9 with a dissociation constant of about 0.01 nM to about 10 µM, such as about 0.01 nM to about 8µM, about 0.01 nM to about 5 µM, about 0.01 nM to about 3 µM or about 0.01 nM to about 2.7 µM. In some examples, R14of the compounds of formula (III) of this embodiment may bind to BRD9 with a dissociation constant of about 0.1 nM to about 10 µM, such as about 0.1 nM to about 8 µM, about 0.1 nM to about 5 µM, about 0.1 nM to about 3 µM or about 0.1 nM to about 2.7 µM. In some examples, R14of the compounds of formula (III) of this embodiment may bind to BRD9 with a dissociation constant of about 1 nM to about 10 µM, such as about 1 nM to about 8 µM, about 1 nM to about 5 µM, about 1 nM to about 3 µM or about 1 nM to about 2.7 µM. For the avoidance of doubt, the dissociation constant is a measure of the propensity of an object comprising two components bound together to separate (dissociate) into the two components. As used herein, the dissociation constant is the measure of the propensity of the complex formed when R14binds to the target protein to dissociate into separate components, i.e. the propensity of R14to dissociate from the target protein. The binding between the BRD9 protein and R14may comprise one or more binding interactions, such as one or more of the group consisting of hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole bonding, ion-dipole bonding, ion-induced dipole bonding, ionic bonding and covalent bonding. For example, the binding between the BRD9 protein and R14may comprise a salt bridge (a combination of hydrogen and ionic bonding). In some examples, the compounds of formula (III) of this embodiment may be selective degraders of BRD9 proteins, for example the compounds of formula (III) may selectively degrade BRD9over other proteins, such as other BRD proteins (e.g. BRD7 or BRD4). In more specific examples, thecompounds of formula (III) of this embodiment may be selective degraders of certain types of BRD9 protein. By way of example, the compounds of formula (III) of this embodiment may have a greater binding affinity for certain BRD9 mutants than for other types of protein, such as other types of BRD9 protein (e.g. wild type BRD9). Representative examples of BRD9 targeting agents have been developed over the years, including those described in: WO 2014 / 114721, WO 2016 / 077375, WO 2016 / 077378, WO 2016 / 139361, WO 2019 / 152440, a paper by Martin L. J. et. Al., (Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2016, 59, 4462-4475) titled “Structure-Based Design of an in Vivo Active Selective BRD9 Inhibitor”; a paper by Theodoulou N. H. et. Al., (Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2015, 59, 1425-1439) titled “Discovery of I-BRD9, a selective Cell Active Chemical Probe for Bromodomain Containing Protein 9 Inhibition”; and a paper by Clack P. et. Al., (Angewandte Chemie, 2015, 127, 6315-6319). Such BRD9 binding molecules (as referenced in the paragraph above) can be incorporated into the compound (III) of this embodiment as R14. In some examples, R14is of formula 1a: wherein: Z1is N or CRA; Z2is N or CRB; Z3is N or CRD; Z4is N or CRE; wherein no more than 3 of Z1, Z2, Z3and Z4are N; RAand REare each independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -O-C1-3alkyl and – C1-3alkyl; RBand RDare each independently selected from the group consisting of -O-C1-3alkyl, -H, -OH, halogen, -NH2, -C1-3alkyl, -O-C1-3haloalkyl, -C1-3alkyl-O-C1-3alkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, -C1- 3alkyl-SO2-C1-3alkyl, -C1-3alkyl-NH2, -C1-3alkyl-N(-C1-3alkyl)2, -N(C1-3alkyl)2, -NH-RF, for example wherein the heterocycloalkyl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O; RFis selected from -SO2-C1-3alkyl and –C1-3alkyl, wherein the –C1-3alkyl is optionally substituted with a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl; alternatively, RAand RBtaken together form a benzene ring; alternatively, RCand Z2or RCand Z3taken together (e.g. RCand RBor RCand RDtaken together with the carbon atoms to which they are joined) form a 5-7 membered heterocycloalkyl optionallysubstituted with –C1-3alkyl, for example wherein the heterocycloalkyl comprises one or moreheteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O; RCis selected from the group consisting of -H, -Y-RG, -NH2, -C1-3alkyl and 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, for example wherein the heterocycloalkyl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O; Y is absent or is selected from the group consisting of -CRHRI-, -SO2- and -CO-; RHand RIare each independently selected from -H or –C1-3alkyl; or RHand RItaken together form a –C3-4cycloalkyl, RGis selected from the group consisting of -NH2, -OH, -C1-3alkyl, -N(RJRK), -O-RL, aryl, 5-6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl are optionally and independently substituted with one or more halogen, optionally substituted 4- to 7- membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, and optionally substituted 7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkyl, which monocylic or bicyclic heterocycloalkyl are optionally substituted with any suitable substituent, such as one or more groups independently selected from halogen, -OH, -NH2, -C1-3alkyl, -NHC1-3alkyl, -N(C1-3alkyl)2, -O-C1-3alkyl and -CH2-RM1; RM1is selected from 5-10 membered mono- or bicyclic aryl or heteroaryl, which is optionally substituted with -NH2, -OH, halogen, -CN, C1-3alkyl, -O-C1-3alkyl; RJis -H or –C1-3alkyl; RKis selected from the group consisting of –C1-3alkyl, -C2-3alkyl-N(C1-3alkyl)2, -C2-3alkyl-NHC1- 3alkyl, optionally substituted 4- to 7- membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, and optionally substituted7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkyl, which monocyclic or bicyclic heterocycloalkyl are optionallysubstituted with any suitable substituent, such as –C1-3alkyl (e.g. wherein RKis selected from the group consisting of C1-3 alkyl, C2-3alkyl-N(C1-3alkyl)2, C2-3alkyl-NHC1-3alkyl, 4- to 7- membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, and 7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkyl, wherein each monocyclic or bicyclic heterocycloalkyl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and is optionally substituted with C1-3alkyl); RLis –C1-3alkyl or a 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, which heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with C1-3alkyl; wherein when RCis Y-RG, RBand RDare each independently selected from -H, -OH, halogen, - NH2, -CN, -C1-3alkyl, -C1-3haloalkyl, -O-C1-3alkyl, -O-C1-3haloalkyl and –C1-3alkyl-O-C1-3alkyl; wherein at least one of the substituents RAto REis not hydrogen; and A2is selected from formulae 1b or 1c: , wherein the wavy lines intersect the bond between A2and the carbon atom positioned ortho toRA and RE;RMis selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C1-6alkyl, optionally substituted C2-6alkenyl, optionally substituted C1-6heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3-10cycloalkyl, C2-6alkynyl and H, for example wherein the heteroalkyl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkyl and cycloalkyl are each optionally substituted with C1-C3 alkyl; Z5is N or CRO; Z6is N or CRP; Z7is N or CRN; wherein only one of Z5, Z6and Z7is N; Z8is CRWor N; RNis selected from the group consisting of halogen, optionally substituted -C1-6alkyl, -H, C(O)C1- 5alkyl, -NH2, optionally substituted amino, –OH, cyano, optionally substituted C1-6heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3-10 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C2-9heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C6-10aryl, optionally substituted C2-9heteroaryl, optionally substituted C2-6alkenyl, optionally substituted C2- 6heteroalkenyl and thiol (e.g. halogen, -C1-6alkyl, -H, C(O)C1-5alkyl, -NH2, -OH, cyano, C1-6heteroalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C2-9heterocycloalkyl, C6-10aryl, C2-9heteroaryl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6heteroalkenyl and thiol, wherein each heteroalkyl and heteroalkenyl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, each heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and the alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl,heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl and heteroalkenyl are each optionally substituted with C1-C3alkyl); ROis selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, cyano, optionally substituted C1-6alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3-10cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C2– 9heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C6-10aryl, optionally substituted C2-9heteroaryl, optionally substituted C2-6alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6heteroalkenyl, hydroxy, thiol and optionally substituted amino (e.g. H, halogen, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6heteroalkyl, C3-10cycloalkyl, C2–9heterocycloalkyl, C6-10aryl, C2-9heteroaryl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6heteroalkenyl, hydroxy, and thiol, wherein each heteroalkyl and heteroalkenyl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, each heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and the alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl and heteroalkenyl are each optionally substituted with C1-C3 alkyl); RPis selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-6alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3-10cycloalkyl and optionally substituted C6-10aryl (wherein RPis selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 heteroalkyl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, C3-10 cycloalkyl and C6-10 aryl, wherein the alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, and aryl are each optionally substituted with C1-C3 alkyl); alternatively, RNand Z5taken together, combine to form an optionally substituted C6-10arene or optionally substituted C2–9heteroarene; optionally wherein RNand ROtaken together with the carbon atoms to which they are joined, combine to form an optionally substituted C6-10arene or optionallysubstituted C2–9heteroarene (e.g. wherein RN and Z5 taken together combine to form a C6-10arene or C2– 9heteroarene, wherein the heteroarene comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and the arene or heteroarene are each optionally substituted with C1-C3 alkyl; optionally wherein RNand ROtaken together with the carbon atoms to which they are joined, combine to form a C6-10arene or C2–9heteroarene, wherein the heteroarene comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and the arene or heteroarene are each optionally substituted with C1-C3 alkyl); RSis selected from the group consisting of H, optionally substituted C1-6alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6heteroalkyl and optionally substituted C3-10cycloalkyl; RTis selected from the group consisting of H, optionally substituted C1-6alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3-10cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C2- 9heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C6-10aryl, optionally substituted C2-9heteroaryl, optionally substituted C2-6alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6heteroalkenyl, optionally substituted sulfone and optionally substituted sulfonamide, or RTand RUtogether with the atoms to which each is attached, form an optionally substituted C2-9heterocycloalkyl; RUand RVare each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, hydroxyl, optionally substituted C1-6alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3- 10cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C2-9heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C6-10aryl, optionallysubstituted C2-9heteroaryl, optionally substituted C2-6alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6heteroalkenyl,thiol, optionally substituted sulfone and optionally substituted amino; alternatively, RTand RUtogether with the atoms to which each is attached, form an optionally substituted C2-9heterocycloalkyl; RWis selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-6alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3-10cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C2- 9heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C6-10aryl and optionally substituted C2-9heteroaryl; and wherein R14is attached to the linker at any suitable position. In some examples of formula 1a above, the RCgroup may be H and the linker may be attached at this position. In other words, the linker (L) may replace the RCgroup. Such examples may be designated as formula 1a’’. In some embodiments, no more than 1 of Z1, Z2, Z3and Z4of formula 1a is N. Sometimes, Z1is CRA, Z2is CRB, Z3is N or CRDand Z4is CRE, i.e. only Z3may be N. In embodiments, R14may be of formula 1a’: wherein: RA, RB, RC, RE, Z3and A2are as defined above and herein. A2is selected from formulae 1b or 1c: , wherein the wavy lines intersect the bond between A2and the carbon atom positioned ortho to RAand RE, and Z5, Z6, Z7, Z8, RM, RS, RT, RUand RVare as defined above and herein. Z7is N or CRNand Z5is N or CRO. In some examples, RN(with the carbon to which it is bonded) and Z5taken together, may combine to form an optionally substituted C6-10arene or optionally substituted C2–9heteroarene. For the avoidance of doubt, where Z5is N and RN(with the carbon to which it is bonded) and Z5taken together combine to form an optionally substituted C6-10arene or optionally substituted C2– 9heteroarene, RN(with the carbon to which it is bonded) and Z5taken together combine to form an optionally substituted N-C2–4heteroarene. For example, where Z5is N, RNand N may combine to form an optionally substituted N-C2–4heteroaryl, as shown below: , wherein the wavy lines intersect the bond between A2and the carbon atom positioned ortho to RAand RE, Z6and RMare as defined above, and where 1B is an optionally substituted N-C2– 4heteroarene, such as an optionally substituted 5 membered heteroarene e.g. any one selected from the optionally substituted group consisting of pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole and triazole (including 1,2,3 and 1,2,4-triazoles). In some examples, where Z5is CROand Z7is CRN, RNand ROtaken together with the carbons to which they are bonded, may combine to form an optionally substituted C6-10arene or optionally substituted C2–9heteroarene, as shown below: , wherein the wavy lines intersect the bond between A2and the carbon atom positioned ortho to RAand RE, Z6and RMare as defined above, and where, as stated above, ring 1C is an optionally substituted C6-10arene or optionally substituted C2–9heteroarene. For example, ring 1C may be an optionally substituted benzene or 5-6 membered heteroarene, such as any one selected from the optionally substituted group consisting of benzene, pyridine, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrimidine, thiophene and pyrazole. In some embodiments, RN(taken with the carbon atoms to which it is joined) and Z5takentogether may form a benzene ring or a 5-6 membered heteroarene ring (e.g. ring 1C may be a benzenering or a 5-6 membered heteroarene), each of which rings can be optionally and independently substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, -OH, -NH2, -NH-C1-3alkyl and –C1-5alkyl, C1- 5haloalkyl, C1-5alkoxy, C1-4haloalkoxy, 1d, C3-5azacycloalkyl, C2-5alkenyl, C2-5alkynyl, C3-5cycloalkyl, wherein the –C1-5alkyl group can be optionally substituted with 5-6 membered heteroaryl or phenyl; wherein 1d is: , wherein Y2is NRRor O; Y1is S(O)a or NRR; each RRis independently H or C1-4alkyl; each RQis independently selected from the group consisting of C1-4alkyl, C1-4haloalkyl, halogen and –C(O)C1-3alkyl; a is 0 to 2; and r is 0 to 3. In some embodiments, Z7is CRN, i.e. A2is selected from formula 1b’: , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between A2and the carbon atom positioned ortho to RAand RE, and Z5, Z6, RMand RNare as defined above and herein. As stated previously, RMmay be selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C1- 6alkyl, optionally substituted C2-6alkenyl, optionally substituted C1-6heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3- 10cycloalkyl, C2-6alkynyl and H. In some embodiments, RMmay be selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C1-6alkyl, optionally substituted C3-6cycloalkyl and H. For example, RMmay be selected from the group consisting of C1-6alkyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, C1-6haloalkyl and H. In some embodiments, RMis selected from the group consisting of –C1-5alkyl, -cyclopropyl, -C1-4haloalkyl and H, such as C1-5alkyl. In some embodiments, RMis C1-3alkyl. As stated previously, RNmay be selected from the group consisting of halogen, optionally substituted -C1-6alkyl, -H, C(O)C1-5alkyl, -NH2, optionally substituted amino, –OH, cyano, optionally substituted C1-6heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3-10 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C2- 9heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C6-10aryl, optionally substituted C2-9heteroaryl, optionally substituted C2-6alkenyl, optionally substituted C2-6heteroalkenyl and thiol. In some embodiments, RNmay be selected from the group consisting of halogen, optionally substituted C1-6alkyl, H, C(O)C1-5alkyl, -NH2, -NHC1-3alkyl and –OH. In some embodiments, RNis selected from the group consisting of halogen, -C1- 5alkyl, -C1-3haloalkyl, -H, C(O)C1-5alkyl, -NH2, -NHC1-3alkyl and –OH. For example, RNmay be C1-5alkyl or halogen. As described above, Z5is N or CRO, where ROis selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, cyano, optionally substituted C1-6alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3-10cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C2–9heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted C6-10aryl, optionally substituted C2-9heteroaryl, optionally substituted C2-6alkenyl, optionally substituted C2- 6heteroalkenyl, hydroxy, thiol and optionally substituted amino. For example, ROmay be H or optionally substituted C1-6alkyl, such as C1-3alkyl. In some embodiments, ROmay be H or –C1-3alkyl. In some embodiments, RNis -C1-5alkyl or halogen, or RNand Z5taken together form an optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroarene or benzene ring. In some embodiments, the optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroarene ring may comprise one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, such as N and S, i.e. the optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroarene ring may be an N- or S-heteroarene. In some embodiments, the optionally substituted 5-6 membered heteroarene ring is any one selected from the optionally substituted group consisting of pyridine, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrimidine, thiophene and pyrazole. For the avoidance of doubt, the optional substituents may be one or more groups selected fromhalogen, -OH, -NH2, -NH-C1-3alkyl and –C1-5alkyl, C1-5haloalkyl, C1-5alkoxy, C1-4haloalkoxy, 1d, C3- 5azacycloalkyl, C2-5alkenyl, C2-5alkynyl, C3-5cycloalkyl, wherein the –C1-5alkyl group can be optionally substituted with 5-6 membered heteroaryl or phenyl; wherein 1d is: , wherein Y2is NRRor O; Y1is S(O)a or NRR; each RRis independently H or C1-4alkyl; each RQis independently selected from the group consisting of C1-4alkyl, C1-4haloalkyl, halogen and –C(O)C1-3alkyl; a is 0 to 2; and r is 0 to 3. For example, the optional substituents may be independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -OH, -NH2, -NH-C1-3alkyl –C1-5alkyl, C1-5haloalkyl, C1-5alkoxy and C1-4haloalkoxy. In some cases, the optional substituents may be independently selected from C1-C4alkyl, allyl, crotyl, C2-5alkenyl, C2-5alkynyl, C1-5haloalkyl, C3-5cycloalkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, and halo. In some embodiments, where RNand Z5taken together combine to form an optionally substituted C6-10aryl or optionally substituted C2– 9heteroaryl, the C6-10aryl or C2–9heteroaryl is not substituted. As described above, Z6is N or CRP, where RPis selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, optionally substituted C1-6alkyl, optionally substituted C1-6heteroalkyl, optionally substituted C3- 10cycloalkyl and optionally substituted C6-10aryl. For example, RPmay be H or optionally substituted C1- 6alkyl, such as H or C1-6alkyl. In some embodiments, RPis H or –C1-3alkyl, i.e. Z6is N, CH or C–C1-3alkyl. For example, Z6may be CH or C–C1-3alkyl. In some particular embodiments, A2is selected from formula 1b’, wherein formula 1b’ is: , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between A2and the carbon atom positioned ortho to RAand RE; RMis selected from the group consisting of –C1-5alkyl, -cyclopropyl, -C1-4haloalkyl and H; RNis selected from the group consisting of halogen, -C1-5alkyl, -C1-3haloalkyl, -H, C(O)C1-5alkyl, -NH2, -NHC1-3alkyl and –OH; Z5is N or CROZ6is N or CRPwherein only one of Z5and Z6may be N; ROis H or –C1-3alkyl; RPis H or –C1-3alkyl; wherein only one of ROand RPmay be –C1-3alkyl; alternatively, RNand Z5taken together form a benzene ring or a 5-6 membered heteroarene ring, each of which rings can be optionally and independently substituted with one or more groups selected from halogen, -OH, -NH2, -NH-C1-3alkyl and –C1-5alkyl, C1-5haloalkyl, C1-5alkoxy, C1- 4haloalkoxy, 1d, C3-5azacycloalkyl, C2-5alkenyl, C2-5alkynyl, C3-5cycloalkyl, wherein the –C1-5alkyl group can be optionally substituted with 5-6 membered heteroaryl or phenyl; wherein 1d is: , wherein Y2is NRRor O; Y1is S(O)a or NRR; each RRis independently H or C1-4alkyl; each RQis independently selected from the group consisting of C1-4alkyl, C1-4haloalkyl, halogen and –C(O)C1-3alkyl; a is 0 to 2; and r is 0 to 3. As described above, R14is attached to the linker at any suitable position (provided it has the correct valency and / or is chemically suitable). For example, the linker may be attached to R14by way of a covalent bond between an atom on the linker and an atom forming part of RC, RA, RB, RDor RE. Alternatively, the linker may be attached directly to the ring to which RC, RA, RB, RDand / or REare bound, i.e. the linker may replace RC, RA, RB, RDor RE. In some embodiments, the linker is attached to R14by way of a covalent bond between an atom on the linker and an atom forming part of RCor by way of a covalent bond between an atom on the linker and the atom to which RCwould otherwise be bound, i.e. the linker replaces RC. Alternatively, where RCand Z2or RCand Z3taken together (e.g. RCand RBor RCand RDtaken together with the carbon atoms to which they are joined) form a 5-7 membered heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with –C1-3alkyl, the linker may be attached to R14by way of a covalent bond between an atom on the linker and an atom forming part of the 5-7 membered heterocycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R14is of formula 1a1, 1a2, 1a3: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R14and the linker; A2, Z1, Z2, Z3and Z4are as defined above and herein; RCis absent or is as defined above and herein; and ring 1A is a 5-7 membered heterocycloalkane optionally substituted with –C1-3alkyl. Ring 1A may comprise one or two heteroatoms independently selected from the list consisting of N, S and O. For example, ring 1A may be selected from the list consisting of pyrrolidine, piperidine,piperazine, morpholine, oxolane, oxane, tetrahydrothiophene and thiane. In some cases, ring 1A maybe an N-heterocycloalkane such as pyrrolidine, piperidine or piperazine. In particular examples, ring 1A is pyrrolidine. For the avoidance of doubt, where the linker is attached to R14by way of a covalent bond between an atom on the linker and an atom forming part of a feature on R14(such as RC), the linker replaces a chemical group or an atom of the feature with a valency of 1 (such as a hydrogen atom) in order for valencies to be satisfied. For example, where the feature on R14binder is dimethylamido (- C(O)N(CH3)2) or dimethylaminomethylene (-CH2N(CH3)2), the linker may replace a methyl group or a hydrogen atom on the feature. As another alternative, the linker may be attached to R144by way of a covalent bond between an atom on the linker and an atom forming part of A2, for example an atom forming part of RM, RN, RO, RP, RS, RT, RU, RV, or RWor the linker may replace RM, RN, RO, RP, RS, RT, RU, RV, or RW. Alternatively, where RNand Z5taken together combine to form an optionally substituted C6-10arene or optionally substituted C2–9heteroarene; optionally wherein RNand ROtaken together with the carbon atoms to which they are joined, combine to form an optionally substituted C6-10arene or optionally substituted C2– 9heteroarene, the linker may be attached to R14by way of a covalent bond between an atom on the linker and an atom forming part of the optionally substituted C6-10arene or optionally substituted C2– 9heteroarene. In one exemplary R14, where RNand Z5taken together combine to form an optionally substituted thiophene, the linker may be attached to R14as shown in the structure below: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between A2and the carbon atom positioned ortho to RAand RE; and RMand Z6are as defined above and herein. The linker may be attached to an atom forming part of a substituent bonded to the same positions indicated above. For example, the linker may be attached to an atom forming part of substituent 1d bonded to the same positions indicated above. This is exemplified in the structure below, where RNand Z5taken together combine to form an optionally substituted thiophene; the wavy line intersects the bond between A2and the carbon atom positioned ortho to RAand RE; and Y2is O, Y1is N, RRis H, and RQand r are as defined above: . As described above, Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4and RCof R14are defined as follows: Z1is N or CRA; Z2is N or CRB; Z3is N or CRD; Z4is N or CRE; wherein no more than 3 of Z1, Z2, Z3and Z4are N; RAand REare each independently selected from the group consisting of -H, -O-C1-3alkyl and – C1-3alkyl; RBand RDare each independently selected from the group consisting of -O-C1-3alkyl, -H, -OH, halogen, -NH2, -C1-3alkyl, -O-C1-3haloalkyl, -C1-3alkyl-O-C1-3alkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, -C1-3alkyl-SO2-C1-3alkyl, -C1-3alkyl-NH2, -C1-3alkyl-N(-C1-3alkyl)2, -N(C1-3alkyl)2, -NH-RF; RFis selected from -SO2-C1-3alkyl and –C1-3alkyl, wherein the –C1-3alkyl is optionally substituted with a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl; alternatively, RAand RBtaken together form a benzene ring; alternatively, RCand Z2or RCandZ3 taken together (e.g. RC and RB or RC and RD taken together with the carbon atoms to which they arejoined) form a 5-7 membered heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with –C1-3alkyl; RCis selected from the group consisting of -H, -Y-RG, -NH2, -C1-3alkyl and 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl; Y is absent or is selected from the group consisting of -CRHRI-, -SO2- and -CO-; RHand RIare each independently selected from -H or –C1-3alkyl; or RHand RItaken together form a –C3-4cycloalkyl, RGis selected from the group consisting of -NH2, -OH, -C1-3alkyl, -N(RJRK), -O-RL, aryl, 5-6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl are optionally and independently substituted with one or more halogen, optionally substituted 4- to 7- membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, and optionally substituted 7- to 12- membered bicyclic heterocycloalkyl, which monocyclic or bicyclic heterocycloalkyl are optionally substituted with any suitable substituent, such as one or more groups independently selected from halogen, -OH, -NH2, -C1-3alkyl, -NHC1-3alkyl, -N(C1-3alkyl)2, -O-C1-3alkyl and -CH2-RM1; RM1is selected from 5-10 membered mono- or bicyclic aryl or heteroaryl, which is optionally substituted with -NH2, -OH, halogen, -CN, C1-3alkyl, -O-C1-3alkyl; RJ is -H or –C1-3alkyl;RKis selected from the group consisting of –C1-3alkyl, -C2-3alkyl-N(C1-3alkyl)2, -C2-3alkyl-NHC1- 3alkyl, optionally substituted 4- to 7-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, and optionally substituted 7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkyl, which monocyclic or bicyclic heterocycloalkyl are optionally substituted with any suitable substituent, such as –C1-3alkyl; RLis –C1-3alkyl or a 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, which heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with C1-3alkyl; wherein when RCis Y-RG, RBand RDare each independently selected from -H, -OH, halogen, - NH2, -CN, -C1-3alkyl, -C1-3haloalkyl, -O-C1-3alkyl, -O-C1-3haloalkyl and –C1-3alkyl-O-C1-3alkyl; wherein at least one of the substituents RAto REis not hydrogen. In alternative examples of the above, the list of groups for RGand RKmay be replaced as follows: RGmay be selected from the group consisting of -NH2, -OH, -C1-3alkyl, -N(RJRK), -O-RL, aryl, 5- 6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl are optionally and independently substituted with one or more halogen, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, which heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, -OH, -NH2, -C1-3alkyl, -NHC1- 3alkyl, -N(C1-3alkyl)2, -O-C1-3alkyl and -CH2-RM1; RKmay be selected from the group consisting of –C1-3alkyl, -C2-3alkyl-N(C1-3alkyl)2, -C2-3alkyl- NHC1-3alkyl and 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, which heterocycloalkyl is optionally substituted with – C1-3alkyl; and wherein RJ, RL, RM1are as defined above. In some examples of R14 described herein (and unless otherwise stated):(i) RA, RB, RDand REare independently selected from the group consisting of -O-C1-3alkyl, -H, halogen, -O-C1-3haloalkyl, -OH, -NH2, -C1-3alkyl, -C1-3alkyl-NH2, -C1-3alkyl-N(-C1-3alkyl)2 and -N(C1- 3alkyl)2; or (ii) RA, RDand REare independently selected from the group consisting of -O-C1-3alkyl, -H, halogen, -O-C1-3haloalkyl, -OH, -NH2, -C1-3alkyl, -C1-3alkyl-NH2, -C1-3alkyl-N(-C1-3alkyl)2 and -N(C1- 3alkyl)2 and RBand RCtaken together form a 5-7 membered heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted with –C1-3alkyl. In such embodiments, the 5-7 membered heterocycloalkyl may be as defined above for ring 1A. In some embodiments, RA, RB, RDand REare independently selected from the group consisting of -O-C1-3alkyl, -H, halogen, -O-C1-3haloalkyl, -OH, -NH2, -C1-3alkyl, -C1-3alkyl-NH2, -C1-3alkyl-N(-C1- 3alkyl)2 and -N(C1-3alkyl)2. For example, RA, RB, RDand REmay be independently selected from the group consisting of -O-C1-3alkyl, -H, halogen and -O-C1-3haloalkyl. In some cases, at least one of RA, RB, RDand REmay be –H. For example, at least one of RAand RBmay be –H. In particular embodiments, at least two of RA, RB, RDand REare –H. In some embodiments, at least one of RA, RB, RDand REis selected from the group consisting of -O-C1-3alkyl, halogen and -O-C1-3haloalkyl. Sometimes, RBand REare selected from the group consisting of -O-C1-3alkyl, halogen and -O-C1-3haloalkyl. In some embodiments, RC is –H or -Y-RG. Y may be -CRHRI- or -CO-, wherein RH and RI are asdefined above. Each of RHand RImay be -H; or RHand RItaken together may form a –C3-4cycloalkyl. RGmay be as defined above, or may be selected from the group consisting of -NH2, -OH, -C1- 3alkyl -N(RJRK), -O-RLand optionally substituted 4- to 7- membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, and optionally substituted 7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkyl, where RJ, RKand RLand the optional substituents of the 4- to 7- membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl and 7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkyl are as defined above. RJmay be -H or –C1-3alkyl and RKmay be selected from –C1- 3alkyl, optionally substituted 4- to 7- membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, and optionally substituted 7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkyl. RLmay be –C1-3alkyl. Where RGor RKis an optionally substituted 4- to 7-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, the optionally substituted 4- to 7- membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl may be a 5- to 7-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl comprising between one and three ring heteroatoms selected from N, O and S. In some examples, the optionally substituted 4- to 7- membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl may be a 5- to 7- membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl comprising one or two ring heteroatoms selected from N. In some examples, the optionally substituted 4- to 7- membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl may be piperazinyl, piperidinyl or diazepanyl (each of which may optionally comprise between one and three substituents as described herein). Where RGor RKis an optionally substituted 7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkyl, the optionally substituted 7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkyl may be a bridged bicyclic ring or a spirocyclic bicyclic ring (i.e it may comprise two rings joined at a spiro centre). By way of example only,the optionally substituted 7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkyl may be a bridged piperazinyl orbridged piperidinyl. In other examples, the optionally substituted 7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkyl may be an optionally substituted spirocyclic bicyclic heterocycloalkyl comprising between one and three ring heteroatoms selected from N, O and S (e.g. between one and two ring heteroatoms selected from N). In some examples, the optionally substituted 7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkyl may be spirocyclic and comprise a first 5- or 6-membered ring and a second 3- to 6- membered ring. In some examples, RCmay be any one selected from:

[0006] ; wherein Y is CRHRI(e.g. CH2); RG1and RG2are each independently selected from H and C1-C3 alkyl; RJis as defined above and herein; and Lshows the point of attachment of the linker.In the structures shown above, both the Y and L groups may be attached to the heterocyclic ring(s) by way of a covalent bond between an atom on the Y and L group respectively and an atom on the heterocyclic ring. These groups may be bonded at any chemically suitable position provided valencies are satisfied (e.g. by replacing a H atom). By way of further example only, RCmay be any one selected from: ; wherein Y is CRHRI(e.g. CH2); and L shows the point of attachment of the linker. In particular embodiments, RCis any one selected from the group consisting , –CH2N(C1-3alkyl)2, -C(O)N(C1-3alkyl)2, -C(CH2CH2)N(C1-3alkyl)2, and CH2OCH3, wherein the wavy lines intersect the bond between RCand the rest of R14and the bond between RCand the linker. In some embodiments, R14is a moiety of formula 1e, 1f or 1g: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R14and the linker; RA, RB, RE, RM, RN, Z3, Z5and Z6are as defined above; RCis absent, or is as defined for RCabove and herein; ring 1A is a 5-7 membered heterocycloalkane (e.g. comprising one or two heteroatoms selected from the list consisting of N, S and O) optionally substituted with –C1-3alkyl; and ring 1D is an optionally substituted C6-10arene or optionally substituted C2–9heteroarene (e.g. a C6-10aryl or C2–9heteroaryl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, each of which are optionally substituted with C1-3alkyl). In some embodiments, ring 1D is optionally substituted benzene or an optionally substituted 5- 6 membered heteroarene. The 5-6 membered heteroarene may comprise one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of S, N and O, such as S. In some cases, ring 1D may be a 5-6 membered N-heteroarene or S-heteroarene, for example any one selected from the group consisting of thiophene, pyrazole, imidazole, pyrrole, pyrimidine and pyridine. In particular examples, ring 1D is thiophene fused to the rest of R14at the 2’ and 3’ positions and, in even more particular examples, bonded to the linker by way of a covalent bond between an atom on the linker and the carbon atom at the 5’ position of the thiophene. In such particular examples, R14may be of formula 1g’: , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R14and the linker; and wherein RA, RB, RC, RE, RM, Z3, and Z6are as defined above. In some embodiments, ring 1A is pyrrolidine. In particular examples, ring 1A is pyrrolidine fused to the rest of R14at the 3’ and 4’ positions and, in even more particular embodiments, bonded to the linker by way of a covalent bond between an atom on the linker and the nitrogen atom of the pyrrolidine. In such particular embodiments, R14may be of formula 1f’: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R14and the linker; and wherein RA, RE, RM, RN, Z3, Z5and Z6are as defined above and herein. In some embodiments, R14is of formula 1e, 1f’ or 1g’. wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R14and the linker; RA, RB, RE, RM, Z3and Z6are as defined above and herein; RCis absent, or is as defined above and herein; RNis as defined above and herein, for example is selected from the group consisting of halogen, -C1-5alkyl, -C1-3haloalkyl, -H, C(O)C1-5alkyl, -NH2, -NHC1-3alkyl and –OH; ROis as defined above and herein, for example is -H or –C1-3alkyl; each RXis as defined for the optional substituents of the optionally substituted C6-10aryl or optionally substituted C2–9heteroaryl formed from RNand Z5(taken together), for example each RXmay be independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -OH, -NH2, -NH-C1-3alkyl –C1-5alkyl, C1- 5haloalkyl, C1-5alkoxy and C1-4haloalkoxy; n is 0 to 3 (such as 0); o is 0 to 2 (such as 0); p is 0 or 1 (such as 0); and q is 0 to 4 (such as 0). Each of n, o, p and q may be 0. In some embodiments, R14is according to formula 1ea’: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R14and L; RAand REare as defined above and herein, for example are each independently selected from H and -O-C1-3alkyl; RBand RDare as defined above and herein, for example are each independently selected from -O-C1-3alkyl, -H, - halo, -C1-3alkyl, and -O-C1-3haloalkyl; RCis absent, or is –Y-RG; Y is selected from the group consisting of -CRHRI-, and -CO-; RHand RIare each independently selected from -H or –C1-3alkyl; or RHand RItaken together form a –C3-4cycloalkyl; RGis selected from the group consisting of –N(RJRK) (e.g. -N(C1-3alkyl)-, -N(C1-3alkyl)(optionally substituted 4- to 7-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkylene), or -N(C1-3alkyl)(optionally substituted 7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkylene)); -O-; optionally substituted 4- to 7- membered monocyclic heterocycloalkylene; and optionally substituted 7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkylene (e.g. cycloalkaneocycloalkene comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and is optionally substituted with C1-C3 alkyl); RJand RKare as defined above and herein; RMis as defined above and herein, for example is C1-3alkyl; and RN, ROand RPare each as defined above and herein, for example are each independently selected from the group consisting of halo, -C1-3alkyl, and -C1-3haloalkyl. In even more particular embodiments, R14is any one of formulae (1h) to (1m), (1o) to (1z) or 2a Y is selected from the group consisting of -CRHRI-, and -CO-; RHand RIare each -H; or RHand RItaken together form a –C3-4cycloalkyl; RGis selected from the group consisting of –N(RJRK) (e.g. -N(C1-3alkyl)-, N(C1-3alkyl)(optionally substituted 4- to 7-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkylene), or -N(C1-3alkyl)(optionally substituted 7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkylene)); -O-; optionally substituted 4- to 7- membered monocyclic heterocycloalkylene containing one or two N ring atoms; and optionally substituted 7- to 12- membered bicyclic heterocycloalkylene containing one or two N ring atoms (e.g. wherein RG3is selected from the group consisting of N(RJRK), N(C1-3alkyl)(4- to 7-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkylene), or N(C1-3alkyl)(7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkylene)); -O-; 4- to 7-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkylene; and 7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkylene, wherein each monocyclic or bicyclic heterocycloalkyl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and is optionally substituted with C1-3 alkyl); RJand RKare as defined above and herein; wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R14and the linker. In particular examples of any of the above formulae (e.g. any one of formulae 1e, 1g, 1g’, 1ea to 1eh, 1ea’, 1h to 1z, 2a to 2g, 2h and 2j and unless otherwise stated), RGis -N(C1-3alkyl)-, -O- or . In some examples of any of the above formulae (e.g. any one of formulae 1e, 1g, 1g’, 1ea to 1eh, 1ea’, 1h to 1z, 2a to 2g, 2h and 2j and unless otherwise stated), RCmay be any one selected from:

[0007] wherein RHand RIare as defined above and herein; and L shows the point of attachment of the linker. In particular, in each of the structures shown above, Y may be CH2. In some examples of any of the above formula (e.g. any one of formulae 1e, 1g, 1g’, 1ea to 1eh, 1ea’, 1h to 1z, 2a to 2g, 2h and 2j, and unless otherwise stated), RCmay be absent and the linker may be attached (i.e. covalently bonded) to the parent structure at this position. Such examples may be designated with “and so be referred to as formulae 1e’’, 1g’’, 1g’’’, 1ea’’ to 1eh’’, 1ea’’, 1h’’ to 1z’’, 2a’’ to 2g’’, and 2h” respectively herein. In some embodiments, R14is any one of formulae 1h, 1i, 1j, 1m, 1t, 2c or 2e: Y is selected from the group consisting of -CRHRI-, and -CO-; RHand RIare each -H; or RHand RItaken together form a –C3-4cycloalkyl; RGis selected from the group consisting of –N(RJRK) (e.g. -N(C1-3alkyl)-, N(C1-3alkyl)(optionally substituted 4- to 7-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkylene), or -N(C1-3alkyl)(optionally substituted 7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkylene)); -O-; optionally substituted 4- to 7- membered monocyclic heterocycloalkylene containing one or two N ring atoms; and optionally substituted 7- to 12- membered bicyclic heterocycloalkylene containing one or two N ring atoms; RJand RKare as defined above and herein; wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R14and the linker. In particular examples of any of the above formulae, RGis -N(C1-3alkyl)-, -O- or . In some examples of any of the above formulae, RCmay be any one selected from:

[0008] wherein RHand RIare as defined above and herein; and L shows the point of attachment of the linker. In particular, in each of the structures shown above, Y may be CH2. In some examples of any of the above formula, RCmay be absent and the linker may be attached (i.e. covalently bonded) to the parent structure at this position. Such examples may be designated with ” and so be referred to as formulae 1h’’, 1i’’, 1j’’, 1m’’, 1t’’, 2c’’ or 2e’’ respectively herein. In some embodiments, R14is selected from the following: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R14and the linker. In some embodiments, R14is a moiety of formula (1ia) or (1ib): (1ia) (1ib); wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R14and the linker. In some embodiments, R14is a moiety of formula (1ia): (1ia), wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R14and the linker. In some cases, R14may not be: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R14and the linker. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), at least one and no more than three (e.g. one) of X1, X2, X3and X4is N. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), at least two and not more than three (e.g. two) of X1, X2, X3and X4are N. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), three of X1, X2, X3and X4are N. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10, R11, R12, and R13are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10, R11, R12, and R13are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy. In the compounds of formula (III), no more than two of R10, R11, R12, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), two of R10, R11, R12, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10, R11, R12, and R13are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10 and R11 are each independently selectedfrom H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, R12 and R13 is H.In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10 and R11 are each independently selectedfrom H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, R12 and R13 is H.In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is replaced by - L-R14. Formula (III) therefore encompasses the compounds of formula (IIIA), (IIIB), (IIIC) and (IIID): wherein in the compounds of formula (IIIA), (IIIB), (IIIC) and (IIID), R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, X1, X2, X3, X4, and L are as defined for the compound of formula (III). In the compound of formula (IIIA), when X2is CR11, X3is CR12, and X4is CR13, then one of R11, R12and R13is not H. In the compound of formula (IIIB), when X1is CR10, X3is CR12, and X4is CR13, then one of R10, R12and R13is not H. In the compound of formula (IIIC), when X1is CR10, X2is CR11, and X4is CR13, then one of R10, R11and R14is not H. In the compound of formula (IIID), when X1is CR10, X2is CR11, and X3is CR12, then one of R10, R11and R12is not H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by -L-R14; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by -L-R14; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least two of R11, R12 and R13 are H.In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by -L-R14; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by -L-R14; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least one of R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by -L-R14; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by -L-R14; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, andtrifluoromethoxy;R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by -L-R14; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by -L-R14; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by -L-R14; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13 is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy.In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by -L-R14; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by -L-R14; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by -L-R14; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10 and R11 are each independently selectedfrom H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6alkoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10 and R11 are each independently selectedfrom H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selectedfrom H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy;R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10 and R11 are each independently selectedfrom H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14; wherein two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R12is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selectedfrom H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy;R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14; wherein two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R12is H. In embodiments of the compounds of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14. In embodiments of the compounds of formula (III), R10 and R11 are each independently selectedfrom H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compounds of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14; wherein two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compounds of formula (III), R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R12is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10 is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6alkyl,C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6alkoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, and C1-C6alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine,methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy;R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13 is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy;wherein at least one of R10, R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10 is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine,methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is replaced by - L-R14. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by -L-R14; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by -L-R14; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by -L-R14; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13 is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6alkoxy;wherein two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by -L-R14; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least one of R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by -L-R14; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by -L-R14; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by -L-R14; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13 is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy;wherein two of R11, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is replaced by -L-R14; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R11, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is replaced by -L-R14; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is replaced by -L-R14; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11 is replaced by -L-R14;R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is replaced by -L-R14; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6alkoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by -L-R14; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by -L-R14; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13 is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy;wherein at least two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by -L-R14; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by -L-R14; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by -L-R14; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine,methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy;R11is replaced by -L-R14; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by -L-R14; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R12and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is replaced by -L-R14; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R12and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11 is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy;R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R13 is H.In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine,methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy;R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13 is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy;wherein two of R10, R11, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is replaced by -L-R14; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R13is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10 is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl,C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14; wherein two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 haloalkoxy; R11is selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 alkoxy; R12is selected from H, halogen, and C1-C6 alkyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R12is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12 is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; andR13is replaced by -L-R14; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14; wherein two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R12is H. In embodiments of the compounds of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12 is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; andR13is replaced by -L-R14. In embodiments of the compounds of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14; wherein at least two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compounds of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14; wherein two of R10, R11, and R12are H. In embodiments of the compounds of formula (III), R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is replaced by -L-R14; wherein at least one of R10, R11, and R12is H. In an embodiment, the compound of formula (III) is a compound of formula (IIIa) (IIIa) wherein X1is selected from N and CR10; X3is selected from N and CR12; X4is selected from N and CR13; and R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14and L are as defined for the compound of formula (III), wherein if X1is CR10, X2is CR11, X3is CR12and X4is CR13, then at least one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is not H. In an embodiment, the compound of formula (III) is a compound of formula (IIIb) wherein R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14and L are as defined for the compound of formula (III). Formula (IIIb) therefore embodies the compounds of formula (IIIba), (IIIbb), (IIIbc) and (IIIbd):

[0009] wherein in the compounds of formula (IIIba), (IIIbb), (IIIbc) and (IIIbd), R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, and L are as defined for the compound of formula (III). In the compound of (IIIba), (IIIbb), (IIIbc) or (IIIbd), one of R10, R11, R12, and R13(as is applicable for the particular compound) is not H. That is to say, in compounds of formula (IIIba), one of R11, R12, and R13is not H; in compounds of formula (IIIbb), one of R10, R12, and R13is not H; in compounds of formula (IIIbc), one of R10, R11, and R13is not H; and in compounds of formula (IIIbd), one of R10, R11, and R12is not H. An alternative way to express this is that in the compounds of formula (IIIba), (IIIbb), (IIIbc) and (IIIbd) (and therefore in the compounds of formula (III) and formula (IIIb)), no more than two of R10, R11, R12, and R13are H. In an embodiment of the moiety of formula (IIIb), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In an embodiment of the compound of formula (IIIb), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is selected from H, methyl and isopropyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; and R14and L are as defined for compounds of formula (III). In an embodiment of the compound of formula (IIIb), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is selected from H, methyl and isopropyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; R10and R11are each independently selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; and R14and L are as defined for compounds of formula (III); wherein one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is replaced by -L-R14. In an embodiment of the compound of formula (IIIb), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is selected from H, methyl and isopropyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; R13 is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy;and R14and L are as defined for compounds of formula (III). In an embodiment of the compound of formula (IIIb), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is selected from H, methyl and isopropyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; and R14and L are as defined for compounds of formula (III); wherein one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is replaced by -L-R14. In embodiments, the compound of formula (III) or formula (IIIb) is not a compound of formula (IIIbe): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or derivative thereof, wherein L is a covalent bond or linker; R1is selected from H, F, C1-C4 alkyl and C1-C4 alkoxy; R2is a BRD9 binder; R3is selected from halogen, OR4, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R5)2 wherein each alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR4, and N(R5)2; each R4is independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl and C1-C6 haloalkyl; and each R5is independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl and C1-C6 haloalkyl. In an embodiment, the compound comprising a moiety of formula (I), the compound comprising a moiety of formula (Ib), the compound of formula (III) or the compound of formula (IIIb) is not selected from the compounds in Table A (i.e. the compound comprising a moiety of formula (I), the compound comprising a moiety of formula (Ib), the compound of formula (III) or the compound of formula (IIIb) is not any of compounds 1A, 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A, 9A, 10A, 11A, 12A, 13A or 14A shown in Table A). Table A In an embodiment, the compound of formula (III) is a compound of formula (IIIc)

[0010] wherein X1is CR10or N; X2is CR11; X3is CR12or N; and X4is CR13or N; R10, R11, R12, and R13are each H; and R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R14and L are as defined for the compound of formula (II); wherein at least one of X1, X3and X4is N; and no more than three of X1, X2, X3and X4are N. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIc), one of X1, X2, X3and X4is N. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIc), at least two and not more than three (e.g. two) of X1, X2, X3and X4are N. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIc), three of X1, X2, X3and X4are N. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIc), one of R10, R11, R12and R13is replaced by - L-R14, and the others are as defined for the compound of formula (III). In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIc), R11is replaced by -L-R14, and R10, R12, and R13are as defined for the compound of formula (III). In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIc), R10, R11, R12, and R13 are H.In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIc), one of R10, R11, R12and R13is replaced by - L-R14, and the others are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIc), R11is replaced by -L-R14, and R10, R12, R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIc), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl and 5-10 membered heteroaryl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen and C1-C6alkyl. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIc), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl substituted with halogen. In embodiments of compound of formula (IIIc), R1is selected from the following groups: , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In embodiments of compound of formula (IIIc), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, and R13are H; and R14and L are as defined for compounds of formula (III). In embodiments of compounds of formula (IIIc), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R14and L are as defined for compounds of formula (II); and one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is replaced by -L-R14, and the others are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIc), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R12, and R13are H; and R11is replaced by -L-R14. In an embodiment, the moiety of formula (III) is a moiety of formula (IIId) whereinX2is CR11; X3is CR12; X4is CR13; and R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, and L are as defined for the moiety of formula (III). In embodiments of compounds of formula (IIId), one of R11, R12, and R13is replaced by -L-R14, and the others are as defined for the moiety of formula (III). In embodiments of compounds of formula (IIId), one of R11, R12, and R13is replaced by -L-R14, and the others are as defined for the moiety of formula (III). In embodiments of compounds of formula (IIId), R11, R12, and R13are H. In embodiments of compounds of formula (IIId), one of R11, R12, and R13is replaced by -L-R14, and the others are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIId), R11 is replaced by -L-R14, and R12 and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIId), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl and 5-10 membered heteroaryl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen and C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIId), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl substituted with halogen. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIId), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In embodiments of compounds of formula (IIId), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In embodiments of compounds of formula (IIId), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R11, R12, and R13are H; and R14and L are as defined for compounds of formula (III). In embodiments of compounds of formula (IIId), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; R14and L are as defined for compounds of formula (II); and one of R11, R12, and R13is replaced by -L-R14, and the others are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIId), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R12, and R13are H; and R11is replaced by -L-R14. In an embodiment, the compound of formula (III) is a compound of formula (IIIe) wherein X1is CR10; X2is CR11; X3is CR12; and R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, and L are as defined for the moiety of formula (III). In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIe), one of R10, R12, and R13is replaced by -L- R14, and the others are as defined for the moiety of formula (III). In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIe), R11is replaced by -L-R14, and R10and R12are as defined for the moiety of formula (III). In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIe), R10, R12, and R13are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIe), one of R10, R12, and R13is replaced by -L- R14, and the others are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIe), R11is replaced by -L-R14, and R10and R12are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIe), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl and 5-10 membered heteroaryl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen and C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIe), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl substituted with halogen. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIe), R1is selected from the following groups: , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIe), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIe), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R11, R12, and R13are H; and R14and L are as defined for compounds of formula (III). In embodiments of compounds of formula (IIe), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound;R4 is methyl;R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; R14and L are as defined for compounds of formula (II); and one of R11, R12, and R13is replaced by -L-R14, and the others are H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIe), R1is wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, and R12are H; R11is replaced by -L-R14. In an embodiment, the compound of formula (III) is a compound of formula (IIIf) wherein X2is CR11; X4is CR13; and R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14, and L are as defined for the moiety of formula (III). In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIf), one of R11and R13is replaced by -L-R14, and the other is as defined for the moiety of formula (III). In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIf), R11is as defined for the moiety of formula (III), and R13is replaced by -L-R14. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIf), R10and R13are H. In embodiments of compounds of formula (IIIf), one of R10and R13is replaced by -L-R14, andthe other is H.In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIf), R11is H, and R13is replaced by -L-R14. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (If), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl and 5-10 membered heteroaryl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen and C1-C6 alkyl. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (If), R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl substituted with halogen. In embodiments of the moiety of formula (If), R1is selected from the following groups: , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIf), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R11and R13are each H; and -L-R14is as defined for compounds of formula (III). In embodiments of compounds of formula (IIIf), R1is selected from the following groups: , wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; X1is N; X2is CR11; X3is N; X4is CR13; -L-R14is as defined for compounds of formula (III); and one of R11and R13is replaced by G, and the other is H. In embodiments of the compound of formula (IIIf), R1is selected from the following groups: wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, and R11are H; and R13is replaced by -L-R14. As shown in formulae (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If), (II), (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), (III), (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc), (IIId), (IIIe), or (IIIf), a double bond is present in the Z configuration. The stereochemistry of this double bond may, however, be either E or Z. In some examples, the compound or moiety of formula (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If), (II), (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), (III), (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc), (IIId), (IIIe), or (IIIf) may comprise a mixture of E and Z stereoisomers. Thus, the present disclosure includes within its scope the use of each individual E and Z stereoisomers of any of the disclosed compounds or moieties of formula (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If), (II), (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf),(III), (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc), (IIId), (IIIe), or (IIIf) (e.g. in a substantially stereopure form), as well as the use ofmixtures of these E and Z isomers. In some cases, the stereochemistry of the double bond and the moieties bound to it is Z, i.e. the Z stereoisomer. In other examples, the stereochemistry of the double bond and the moieties bound to it is E, i.e. the E stereoisomer. For the avoidance of doubt, where the vinylic double bond of a compound or moiety of formula (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If), (II), (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), (III), (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc), (IIId), (IIIe), or (IIIf), for example that of formula (I), is shown in a structure herein to be a specific stereoisomer (E or Z) in any of the specific examples of this disclosure, it need not be in that specific stereoisomer. In other words, both E and Z stereoisomers and mixtures of the two are included within the scope of the structure irrespective of the specific stereoisomer shown. By way of further example, the moiety of formula (I) may be represented as either formula (I-E) or (I-Z), the compounds of formula (II) may be represented as either formula (II-E) or (II-Z), and the compounds of formula (III) maybe represented as either formula (III-E) or (III-Z):

[0011] wherein R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, X1, X2, X3and X4are as defined above and herein. It will be appreciated that the compounds of the present disclosure may exist in different stereoisomeric forms. The present disclosure includes within its scope the use of all stereoisomeric forms, or the use of a mixture of stereoisomers of the compounds, By way of example, where the compound comprises one or more chiral centres, the present disclosure encompasses each individual enantiomer of the compound as well as mixtures of enantiomers including racemic mixtures of such enantiomers. By way of further example, where the compound comprises two or more chiral centres, the present disclosure encompasses each individual diastereomer of the compound, as well as mixturesof the various diastereomers.Unless otherwise indicated, the various structures shown herein encompass all isomeric (e.g. enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational)) forms of the structure). For example, the present disclosure embraces the R and S configurations for each asymmetric centre, and Z and E double bond isomers. Therefore, single stereochemical isomers as well as enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational) mixtures of the present compounds are to be understood to be within the scope of the present disclosure. Additionally, unless otherwise stated, where present, all tautomeric forms of the compounds described herein are to be understood to be within the scope of the present disclosure. As used herein, references to a compound of formula (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If), (II), (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), (III), (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc), (IIId), (IIIe), or (IIIf) may further embrace a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. It should be understood that throughout this specification, the terms “comprise”, “comprising” and / or “comprises” is / are used to denote that aspects, embodiments and examples of this disclosure “comprise” a particular feature or features. It should be understood that this / these terms may also encompass aspects, embodiments and / or examples which “consist essentially of” or “consist of” therelevant feature or features.The disclosure also includes various deuterated forms of the compounds disclosed herein, or of any of the formulae disclosed herein, including Formulae (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If), (II), (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), (III), (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc), (IIId), (IIIe), or (IIIf) (inc. corresponding subgeneric formulae defined herein), respectively, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a corresponding tautomer form thereof (including subgeneric formulas, as defined above) of the present disclosure. Each available hydrogen atom attached to a carbon atom may be independently replaced with a deuterium atom. A person of ordinary skill in the art will know how to synthesize deuterated forms of the compounds of any of the Formulae disclosed herein, including Formulae (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If), (II), (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), (III), (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc), (IIId), (IIIe), or (IIIf) (inc. corresponding subgeneric formulae defined herein), respectively, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a corresponding tautomer form thereof (including subgeneric formulae, as defined above) of the present disclosure. For example, deuterated materials, such as alkyl groups may be prepared by conventional techniques (see for example: methyl-d3 -amine available from Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI, Cat. No.489,689-2). The disclosure also includes isotopically-labelled compounds which are identical to those recited in any of the Formulae disclosed herein, including Formulae (I), (Ia), (Ib), (Ic), (Id), (Ie), (If), (II), (IIa), (IIb), (IIc), (IId), (IIe), (IIf), (III), (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc), (IIId), (IIIe), or (IIIf) (inc. corresponding subgeneric formulae defined herein), respectively, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and / or a corresponding tautomer form thereof (including subgeneric formulae, as defined above) of the present disclosure but for the fact that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having an atomic mass or mass numberdifferent from the atomic mass or mass number most commonly found in nature. Examples of isotopesthat can be incorporated into compounds of the disclosure include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, iodine and chlorine such as3H,11C,14C,18F,123I or125I. Compounds of the present disclosure and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said compounds that contain the aforementioned isotopes and / or other isotopes of other atoms are within the scope of the present disclosure. Isotopically labelled compounds of the present disclosure, for example those into which radioactive isotopes such as3H or14C have been incorporated, are useful in drug and / or substrate tissue distribution assays. Tritiated, i.e.3H, and carbon-14, i.e.14C, isotopes are particularly preferred for their ease of preparation and detectability.11C and18F isotopes are particularly useful in PET (positron emission tomography). Degradation may be determined by measuring the amount of a target protein in the presence of a compound of formula (III) as described herein and / or comparing this to the amount of the target protein observed in the absence of the compound of formula (III). For example, the amount of target protein in a cell that has been contacted and / or treated with a compound of formula (III) as described herein may be determined. This amount may be compared to the amount of target protein in a cell that has not been contacted and / or treated with the compound of formula (III) (e.g. as a control). If the amount of target protein is decreased in the cell contacted and / or treated with the compound of formula (III), the compound of formula (III) may be considered as facilitating and / or promoting the degradation and / or proteolysis of the target protein. The amount of the target protein can be determined using methods known in the art, forexample, by performing immunoblotting assays, Western blot analysis and / or ELISA with cells that have been contacted and / or treated with a compound of formula (III). Selective degradation and / or increased proteolysis may be considered to have occurred if at least a 10% decrease in the amount of a target protein is observed compared to the control, for example, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 100% following administration of the compound of formula (III) to the cell. For example, selective degradation and / or increased proteolysis may be considered to have occurred if at least a 10% decrease in the amount of a target protein is observed, (e.g. at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 100% decrease) within 4 hours or more (e.g.4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 30 hours, 36 hours, 42 hours, 48 hours, 54 hours, 60 hours, 66 hours and 72 hours) following administration of the compound of formula (III) to the cell. The compound of formula (III) may be administered at any concentration, e.g. a concentration between 0.01 nM to 10 mM , such as 0.01nM, 0.1nM, 1 nM, 10nM, 100 nM, 1 mM, and 10 mM. In some instances, an increase of at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or approximately 100% in the degradation of the target protein is observed following administration of the compound of formula (III) at a concentration of approximately 100 nM (e.g. following an incubation period of approximately 8 hours). One measure of degrader activity of the compounds of formula (III) is the DC50 value. As used herein, DC50 is the concentration required to reach 50% of the maximal degradation of the target protein. The compounds of formula (III) described herein may exhibit a DC50 of less than or equal to 10000 nM,less than or equal to 1000 nM, less than or equal to 500 nM, less than or equal to 100 nM or less thanor equal to 75 nM. In some cases, the compounds of formula (III) exhibit a DC50 less than or equal to 50 nM, less than or equal to 25 nM, or less than or equal to 10 nM. Another measure of the degrader activity of the compounds of formula (III) is the Dmax value. As used herein, Dmaxrepresents the maximal percentage of target protein degradation. The compounds of formula (III) described herein may exhibit a Dmax of at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95% or about 100%. Yet another measure of the efficacy of the described compounds of formula (III) may be their effect on cell viability and / or their IC50value. For example, an anti-proliferative effect of a compound of formula (III) as described herein may be assessed in a cell viability assay to provide an IC50 value. As used herein, the IC50 value represents the concentration at which 50% cell viability was observed in the cell viability assay (following administration of a compound of formula (III) as described herein). In terms of cell viability, the compounds of formula (III) described herein may exhibit an IC50 of less than 1000nM, less than 500nM, less than 100 nM, less than 50 nM, less than 25 nM, less than 20 nM, or less than 10 nM. In some cases, the compounds of formula (III) described herein may exhibit an IC50 value of less than 5 nM. The present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of formula (III) described herein. In such compositions, the compound of formula (III) may be suitablyformulated such that it can be introduced into the environment of the cell by a means that allows for asufficient portion of the molecule to enter the cell to induce degradation of the target protein. Accordingly, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (III) as described herein together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Optionally the compound of formula (III) is present in the pharmaceutical composition as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or derivative Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are well known to those skilled in the art and include, but are not limited to, phosphate buffer solutions and / or saline. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers may be aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions, and emulsions. Examples of non-aqueous solvents are propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oils such as olive oil, and injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate. Aqueous carriers include water, alcoholic / aqueous solutions, emulsions or suspensions, including saline and buffered media. Parenteral vehicles include sodium chloride solution, Ringer’s dextrose, dextrose and sodium chloride, lactated Ringer’s or fixed oils. Preservatives and other additives may also be present, such as, for example, antimicrobials, antioxidants, chelating agents, inert gases and the like. In addition to the aforementioned carrier ingredients the pharmaceutical compositions described above may alternatively or additionally include, an appropriate one or more additional carrier ingredients such as diluents, buffers, flavouring agents, binders, surface active agents, thickeners, lubricants, preservatives (including anti-oxidants) and the like, and substances included for the purpose of rendering the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient. Pharmaceutical compositions may be present in any formulation typical for the administrationof a pharmaceutical compound to a subject. Representative examples of typical formulations include, but are not limited to, capsules, granules, tablets, powders, lozenges, suppositories, pessaries, nasal sprays, gels, creams, ointments, sterile aqueous preparations, sterile solutions, aerosols, implants etc. A pharmaceutical composition is formulated to be compatible with its intended route of administration. Examples of routes of administration include parenteral, e.g., intravenous, intradermal, subcutaneous, oral, transdermal, topical, transmucosal, vaginal and rectal administration. The pharmaceutical compositions may include those suitable for oral, parenteral (including subcutaneous, intradermal, intramuscular and intravenous), topical (including dermal, buccal and sublingual), rectal, nasal and pulmonary administration e.g., by inhalation. The composition may, where appropriate, be conveniently presented in discrete dosage units and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy. Methods typically include the step of bringing into association an active compound with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both and then, if necessary, shaping the product into the desired formulation. Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for oral administration wherein the carrier is a solid are most preferably presented as unit dose formulations such as boluses, capsules or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of active compound. A tablet may be made by compression or moulding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients. Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine an active compound in a free-flowing form such as a powder orgranules optionally mixed with a binder, lubricant, inert diluent, lubricating agent, surface-active agentor dispersing agent. Moulded tablets may be made by moulding an active compound with an inert liquid diluent. Tablets may be optionally coated and, if uncoated, may optionally be scored. Capsules may be prepared by filling an active compound, either alone or in admixture with one or more accessory ingredients, into the capsule shells and then sealing them in the usual manner. Cachets are analogous to capsules wherein an active compound together with any accessory ingredient(s) is sealed in a rice paper envelope. The compounds of formula (III) may also be formulated as dispersible granules, which may for example be suspended in water before administration, or sprinkled on food. The granules may be packaged, e.g., in a sachet. Compositions suitable for oral administration wherein the carrier is a liquid may be presented as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid, or as an oil-in-water liquid emulsion. Compositions for oral administration include controlled release dosage forms, e.g., tablets wherein an active compound is formulated in an appropriate release-controlling matrix, or is coated with a suitable release-controlling film. Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for parenteral administration include sterile solutions or suspensions of an active compound in aqueous or oleaginous vehicles. Injectable preparations may be adapted for bolus injection or continuous infusion. Such preparations are conveniently presented in unit dose or multi-dose containers, which are sealed after introduction of the formulation until required for use. Alternatively, the compound of formula (III) may be in powder form, which is constituted with a suitable vehicle, such as sterile, pyrogen-free water, before use. The pharmaceutical composition may also be formulated as long-acting depot preparations,which may be administered by intramuscular injection or by implantation, e.g., subcutaneously orintramuscularly. Depot preparations may include, for example, suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials, or ion-exchange resins. Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for topical formulation may be provided for example as gels, creams or ointments. The compound of formula (III) described herein may be present in the pharmaceutical compositions as a pharmaceutically and / or physiologically acceptable salt, solvate or derivative. The compound comprising a moiety of formula (I) described herein may be present in the pharmaceutical compositions as a pharmaceutically and / or physiologically acceptable salt, solvate or derivative. As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to those salts, which are generally considered suitable for use in medicine (including in a veterinary context). For example, pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be those which can be contacted with the tissues of a mammalian subject (e.g. humans) without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response or the like. By way of further example of suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts, S. M. Berge et al., describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66, 1–19, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Representative examples of pharmaceutically and / or physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds of the disclosure may include, but are not limited to, acid addition salts formed with organiccarboxylic acids such as acetic, lactic, tartaric, maleic, citric, pyruvic, oxalic, malonic, fumaric,oxaloacetic, isethionic, lactobionic and succinic acids; organic sulfonic acids such as methanesulfonic, ethanesulfonic, benzenesulfonic and p-toluenesulfonic acids and inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, perchloric, phosphoric and sulfamic acids. Other pharmaceutically acceptable salts include (but are not limited to) adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2– hydroxy–ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, 2–naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3–phenylpropionate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, thiocyanate, undecanoate, valerate salts, and the like. In some examples, salts that may be derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and N+(C1–4alkyl)4 salts. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include, but are not limited to, sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like. Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts may include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, loweralkyl sulfonate and aryl sulfonate. Pharmaceutically and / or physiologically functional derivatives of compounds of the present invention are derivatives, which may be converted in the body into the parent compound. Such pharmaceutically and / or physiologically functional derivatives may also be referred to as “pro-drugs” or“bioprecursors”. Pharmaceutically and / or physiologically functional derivatives of compounds of thepresent disclosure may include hydrolysable esters or amides, particularly esters, in vivo. It may be convenient or desirable to prepare, purify, and / or handle a corresponding pharmaceutically and / or physiologically acceptable solvate of the compounds described herein, which may be used in the any one of the uses / methods described. The term solvate is used herein to refer to a complex of solute, such as a compound or salt of the compound, and a solvent. If the solvent is water, the solvate may be termed a hydrate, for example a mono-hydrate, di-hydrate, tri-hydrate etc, depending on the number of water molecules present per molecule of substrate. The compounds of formula (III) or compounds comprising a moiety of formula (I) of the present disclosure may modulate, facilitate and / or promote proteasomal degradation of a target protein. As such, there is provided a method of selectively degrading and / or increasing proteolysis of a target protein in a cell, the method comprising contacting and / or treating the cell with a compound of formula (III) or a compound comprising a moiety of formula (I) or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (III) or a compound comprising a moiety of formula (I) as described herein. The method may be carried out in vivo or in vitro. In particular, there is provided a method of selectively degrading and / or increasing proteolysis of a target protein in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject atherapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (III) or a compound comprising a moiety offormula (I) or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (III) or a compound comprising a moiety of formula (I) of the present disclosure. As such, the compound of formula (III) or compound comprising a moiety of formula (I) (or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (III) or a compound comprising a moiety of formula (I)) of the present disclosure may find application in medicine and / or therapy. Specifically, the compound of formula (III) or the compound comprising a moiety of formula (I) (or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (III) or a compound comprising a moiety of formula (I)) of the present disclosure may find use in the treatment and / or prevention of any disease or condition, which is modulated through the target protein. For example, the compounds of formula (III) or the compound comprising a moiety of formula (I) of the present disclosure may be useful in the treatment of any disease, which is modulated through the target protein by lowering the level of that protein in the cell, e.g. cell of a subject. Reduction of target protein levels in a cell following administration of a compound of formula (III) or a compound comprising a moiety of formula (I) of the present invention wherein activity of the selected protein is implicated in a disease state or a disorder, then it is to be understood that the compound of formula (III) or the compound comprising a moiety of formula (I) is useful in the treatment of that disease. There is further provided the use of the compounds of formula (III) or the compounds comprising a moiety of formula (I) (or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (III) or a compound comprising a moiety of formula (I)) as described herein in the manufacture of a medicamentfor the treatment and / or prevention of any disease or condition, which is modulated through the targetprotein. Additionally, there is provided the use of a compound of formula (III) or a compound comprising a moiety of formula (I) (or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (III) or a compound comprising a moiety of formula (I)) in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and / or prevention of any disease or condition, which is modulated through the target protein. Diseases and / or conditions that may be treated and / or prevented by the compounds of formula (III) or the compounds comprising a moiety of formula (I) (or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (III) or a compound comprising a moiety of formula (I)) of the disclosure include any disease, which is associated with and / or is caused by an abnormal level of protein activity (e.g. an abnormal level of BRD9 activity). Such diseases and conditions include those whose pathology is related at least in part to an abnormal (e.g. elevated) level of a protein and / or the overexpression of a protein. For example, the compounds of formula (III) or the compounds comprising a moiety of formula (I) may find use in the treatment and / or prevention of diseases where an elevated level of a protein is observed in a subject suffering from the disease. In other examples, the diseases and / or conditions may be those whose pathology is related at least in part to inappropriate protein expression (e.g., expression at the wrong time and / or in the wrong cell), excessive protein expression or expression of a mutant protein. In one example, a mutant protein disease is caused when a mutant protein interferes with the normal biological activity of a cell, tissue, or organ. Accordingly, there is provided a method of treating and / or preventing a disease or condition,which is associated with and / or is caused by an abnormal level of protein activity (e.g. an abnormal level of BRD9 activity), which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (III) or a compound comprising a moiety of formula (I) as described herein. Representative examples of the diseases and / or conditions that may be treated and / or prevented by the use of the described compounds of formula (III) or the compounds comprising a moiety of formula (I) (or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (III) or a compound comprising a moiety of formula (I)) include (but are not limited to) cancer, asthma, multiple sclerosis, ciliopathies, cleft palate, diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, inflammatory bowel disease, mental retardation, mood disorder, obesity, refractive error, infertility, Angelman syndrome, Canavan disease, Coeliac disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Haemochromatosis, Haemophilia, Klinefelter’s syndrome, Neurofibromatosis, Phenylketonuria, Polycystic kidney disease, (PKDl) or 4 (PKD2) Prader-Willi syndrome, Sickle-cell disease, Tay-Sachs disease, and Turner syndrome. Further examples include, Alzheimer’s disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease), Anorexia nervosa, Anxiety disorder, Atherosclerosis, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Autism, Bipolar disorder, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Crohn’s disease, Coronary heart disease, Dementia, Depression, Diabetes mellitus type 1, Diabetes mellitus type 2, Epilepsy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Irritable bowel syndrome, Lupus, Metabolic syndrome, Multiple sclerosis, Myocardial infarction, Obesity, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Panic disorder,Parkinson’s disease, Psoriasis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Schizophrenia, Stroke,Thromboangiitis obliterans, Tourette syndrome, and Vasculitis. Yet further examples include aceruloplasminemia, Achondrogenesis type II, achondroplasia, Acrocephaly, Gaucher disease type 2, acute intermittent porphyria, Canavan disease, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, ALA dehydratase deficiency, adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency, Adrenogenital syndrome, Adrenoleukodystrophy, ALA-D porphyria, ALA dehydratase deficiency, Alkaptonuria, Alexander disease, Alkaptonuric ochronosis, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor, emphysema, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alstrom syndrome, Alexander disease, Amelogenesis imperfecta, ALA dehydratase deficiency, Anderson-Fabry disease, androgen insensitivity syndrome, Anemia, Angiokeratoma Corporis Diffusum, Angiomatosis retinae (von Hippel-Lindau disease), Apert syndrome, Arachnodactyly (Marfan syndrome), Stickler syndrome, Arthrochalasis multiplex congenital (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome arthrochalasia type), ataxia telangiectasia, Rett syndrome, primary pulmonary hypertension, Sandhoff disease, neurofibromatosis type II, Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome, Mediterranean fever, familial, Benjamin syndrome, beta-thalassemia, Bilateral Acoustic Neurofibromatosis (neurofibromatosis type II), factor V Leiden thrombophilia, Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome (incontinentia pigmenti), Bloom syndrome, X-linked sideroblastic anemia, Bonnevie-Ullrich syndrome (Turner syndrome), Bourneville disease (tuberous sclerosis), prion disease, Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome, Brittle bone disease (osteogenesis imperfecta), Broad Thumb-Hallux syndrome (Rubinstein- Taybi syndrome), Bronze Diabetes / Bronzed Cirrhosis (hemochromatosis), Bulbospinal muscularatrophy (Kennedy’s disease), Burger-Grutz syndrome (lipoprotein lipase deficiency), CGD Chronicgranulomatous disorder, Campomelic dysplasia, biotinidase deficiency, Cardiomyopathy (Noonan syndrome), Cri du chat, CAVD (congenital absence of the vas deferens), Caylor cardiofacial syndrome (CBAVD), CEP (congenital erythropoietic porphyria), cystic fibrosis, congenital hypothyroidism, Chondrodystrophy syndrome (achondroplasia), otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, galactosemia, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Thanatophoric dysplasia, Coffin-Lowry syndrome, Cockayne syndrome, (familial adenomatous polyposis), Congenital erythropoietic porphyria, Congenital heart disease, Methemoglobinemia / Congenital methaemoglobinaemia, achondroplasia, X-linked sideroblastic anemia, Connective tissue disease, Conotruncal anomaly face syndrome, Cooley’s Anemia (beta-thalassemia), Copper storage disease (Wilson’s disease), Copper transport disease (Menkes disease), hereditary coproporphyria, Cowden syndrome, Craniofacial dysarthrosis (Crouzon syndrome), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (prion disease), Cockayne syndrome, Cowden syndrome, Curschmann-Batten-Steinert syndrome (myotonic dystrophy), Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome, primary hyperoxaluria, spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (Strudwick type), muscular dystrophy, Duchenne and Becker types (DBMD), Usher syndrome, Degenerative nerve diseases including de Grouchy syndrome and Dejerine-Sottas syndrome, developmental disabilities, distal spinal muscular atrophy, type V, androgen insensitivity syndrome, Diffuse Globoid Body Sclerosis (Krabbe disease), Di George’s syndrome, Dihydrotestosterone receptor deficiency, androgen insensitivity syndrome, Down syndrome, Dwarfism, erythropoietic protoporphyria, Erythroid 5-aminolevulinate synthetase deficiency, Erythropoietic porphyria, erythropoietic protoporphyria, erythropoietic uroporphyria, Friedreich’s ataxia,, familial paroxysmal polyserositis, porphyria cutanea tarda, familial pressure sensitive neuropathy, primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), Fibrocystic disease of the pancreas, fragile X syndrome, galactosemia, genetic brain disorders, Giant cell hepatitis (Neonatal hemochromatosis), Gronblad- Strandberg syndrome (pseudoxanthoma elasticum), Gunther disease (congenital erythropoietic porphyria), haemochromatosis, Hallgren syndrome, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, hepatoerythropoieticporphyria (HEP), Hippel-Lindau disease (von Hippel- Lindau disease), Huntington’s disease,Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (progeria), Hyperandrogenism, Hypochondroplasia, Hypochromic anemia, Immune system disorders, including X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency, Insley-Astley syndrome, Jackson- Weiss syndrome, Joubert syndrome, Lesch- Nyhan syndrome, Jackson-Weiss syndrome, Kidney diseases, including hyperoxaluria, Klinefelter’s syndrome, Kniest dysplasia, Lacunar dementia,Langer-Saldino achondrogenesis, ataxia telangiectasia, Lynch syndrome, Lysyl- hydroxylase deficiency, Machado-Joseph disease, Metabolic disorders, including Kniest dysplasia, Marfan syndrome, Movement disorders, Mowat-Wilson syndrome, cystic fibrosis, Muenke syndrome, Multiple neurofibromatosis, Nance-Insley syndrome, Nance-Sweeney chondrodysplasia, Niemann-Pick disease, Noack syndrome (Pfeiffer syndrome), Osler- Weber-Rendu disease, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Polycystic kidney disease, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (McCune- Albright syndrome), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Prader-Labhart- Willi syndrome, hemochromatosis, primary hyperuricemia syndrome (Lesch-Nyhan syndrome), primary pulmonary hypertension, primary senile degenerative dementia, prion disease, progeria (Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome),progressive chorea, chronic hereditary (Huntington) (Huntington’s disease), progressive muscularatrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, propionic acidemia, protoporphyria, proximal myotonic dystrophy, pulmonary arterial hypertension, PXE (pseudoxanthoma elasticum), Rb (retinoblastoma), Recklinghausen disease (neurofibromatosis type I), Recurrent polyserositis, Retinal disorders, Retinoblastoma, Rett syndrome, RFALS type 3, Ricker syndrome, Riley-Day syndrome, Roussy-Levy syndrome, severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans (S ADD AN), Li- Fraumeni syndrome, sarcoma, breast, leukemia, and adrenal gland (SBLA) syndrome, sclerosis tuberose (tuberous sclerosis), SDAT, SED congenital (spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita), SED Strudwick (spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Strudwick type), SEDc (spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita), SEMD, Strudwick type (spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Strudwick type), Shprintzen syndrome, Skin pigmentation disorders, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, South-African genetic porphyria (variegate porphyria), infantile-onset ascending hereditary spastic paralysis, Speech and communication disorders, sphingolipidosis, Tay-Sachs disease, spinocerebellar ataxia, Stickler syndrome, stroke, androgen insensitivity syndrome, tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency, beta- thalassemia, Thyroid disease Tomaculous neuropathy (hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies) Treacher Collins syndrome, Triplo X syndrome ( triple X syndrome), Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), Trisomy X, VHL syndrome (von Hippel-Lindau disease), Vision impairment and blindness (Alstrom syndrome), Vrolik disease, Waardenburg syndrome, Warburg Sjo Fledelius Syndrome, Weissenbacher- Zweymüller syndrome, Wolf- Hirschhorn syndrome, Wolff Periodic disease, Weissenbacher-Zweymüller syndrome and Xeroderma pigmentosum. Representative examples of cancers that may be treated and / or prevented using the describedcompounds of formula (III) or the compounds comprising a moiety of formula (I) include but, are not limited to squamous-cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinomas, and renal cell carcinomas, cancer of the bladder, bowel, breast, cervix, colon, esophagus, head, kidney, liver, lung, neck, ovary, pancreas, prostate, and stomach; leukemias; benign and malignant lymphomas, particularly Burkitt’s lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma; benign and malignant melanomas; myeloproliferative diseases; multiple myeloma, sarcomas, including Ewing’s sarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, liposarcoma, myosarcomas, peripheral neuroepithelioma, synovial sarcoma, gliomas, astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas, gliobastomas, neuroblastomas, ganglioneuromas, gangliogliomas, medulloblastomas, pineal cell tumors, meningiomas, meningeal sarcomas, neurofibromas, and Schwannomas; bowel cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid cancer, astrocytoma, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, melanoma; carcinosarcoma, Hodgkin’s disease, Wilms’ tumor and teratocarcinomas. Further examples include, T-lineage Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL), T-lineage lymphoblastic Lymphoma (T-LL), Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, Adult T-cell Leukemia, Pre-B ALL, Pre-B Lymphomas, Large B-cell Lymphoma, Burkitts Lymphoma, B-cell ALL, Philadelphia chromosome positive ALL and Philadelphia chromosome positive CML. In embodiments wherein R14is a BRD9 binder, representative examples of the diseases and / orconditions that may be treated and / or prevented by the use of the described compounds of formula (III)or the compounds comprising a moiety of formula (I) include (but are not limited to) cancer. A recent review article summarises the potential mechanisms of action of BRD9 in carcinogenesis and also describes various strategies for targeting BRD9 for use as cancer treatments (Zhu et al, OncoTargets and Therapy, 2020, Vol.13, pages 13191-13200). Previous studies have shown that BRD9 is essential for the proliferation of SMARCB1-deficient cancer cell lines, suggesting it is a therapeutic target for these cancers. (Xiaofeng Wang et. al., Nature Communications, 2019, 10 (1881)). Recent studies also highlight a role of BRD9 in leukemia growth: BRD9 was shown to be required for the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells (Nature Chemical Biology, 2016, 101038 / nchembio.2115). In addition to the role of BRD9 as a functional dependency in certain cancers, BRD9 also plays a pivotal role in immune cells as a regulator of regulatory T cells (Tregs) via transcriptional control of Foxp3 target genes, “BioRxiv, 10.1101 / 2020.02.26.964981. In embodiments wherein R14is a BRD9 binder, representative examples of cancers that may be treated and / or prevented using the described compounds of formula (III) or compounds comprising a moiety of formula (I) include, but are not limited to: (i) brain tumours such as for example acoustic neurinoma, astrocytomas such as pilocytic astrocytomas, fibrillary astrocytoma, protoplasmic astrocytoma, gemistocytary astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma, brain lymphomas, brain metastases, hypophyseal tumour such as prolactinoma, HGH (human growth hormone) producing tumour and ACTH producing tumour (adrenocorticotropic hormone), craniopharyngiomas, medulloblastomas, meningeomas and oligodendrogliomas;(ii) nerve tumours (neoplasms) such as for example tumours of the vegetative nervous system such as neuroblastoma sympathicum, ganglioneuroma, paraganglioma (pheochromocytoma, chromaffinoma) and glomus-caroticum tumour, tumours on the peripheral nervous system such as amputation neuroma, neurofibroma, neurinoma (neurilemmoma, Schwannoma) and malignant Schwannoma, as well as tumours of the central nervous system such as brain and bone marrow tumours; (iii) intestinal cancer such as for example carcinoma of the rectum, colon carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, anal carcinoma, carcinoma of the large bowel, tumours of the small intestine and duodenum; (iv) eyelid tumours such as basalioma or basal cell carcinoma; (v) pancreatic cancer or carcinoma of the pancreas; (vi) bladder cancer or carcinoma of the bladder; (vii) lung cancer (bronchial carcinoma) such as for example small-cell bronchial carcinomas (oat cell carcinomas) and non-small cell bronchial carcinomas (NSCLC) such as plate epithelial carcinomas, adenocarcinomas and large-cell bronchial carcinomas; (viii) breast cancer such as for example mammary carcinoma such as infiltrating ductal carcinoma, colloid carcinoma, lobular invasive carcinoma, tubular carcinoma, adenocystic carcinoma and papillary carcinoma;(ix) non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) such as for example Burkitt's lymphoma, low-malignancynon-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and mucosis fungoides; (x) uterine cancer or endometrial carcinoma or corpus carcinoma; (xi) CUP syndrome (Cancer of Unknown Primary); (xii) ovarian cancer or ovarian carcinoma such as mucinous, endometrial or serous cancer; (xiii) gall bladder cancer; (xiv) bile duct cancer such as for example Klatskin tumour; (xv) testicular cancer such as for example seminomas and non-seminomas; (xvi) lymphoma (lymphosarcoma) such as for example malignant lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) such as chronic lymphatic leukaemia, leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis, immunocytoma, plasmocytoma (multiple myeloma (MM)), immunoblastoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, T-zone mycosis fungoides, large-cell anaplastic lymphoblastoma and lymphoblastoma; (xvii) laryngeal cancer such as for example tumours of the vocal cords, supraglottal, glottal and subglottal laryngeal tumours; (xviii) bone cancer such as for example osteochondroma, chondroma, chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, osteoma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, eosinophilic granuloma, giant cell tumour, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, reticulo- sarcoma, plasmocytoma, fibrous dysplasia, juvenile bone cysts and aneurysmatic bone cysts;(xix) head and neck tumours such as for example tumours of the lips, tongue, floor of the mouth,oral cavity, gums, palate, salivary glands, throat, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, larynx and middle ear; (xx) liver cancer such as for example liver cell carcinoma or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); (xxi) leukaemias, such as for example acute leukaemias such as acute lymphatic / lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML); chronic leukaemias such as chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL), chronic myeloid leukaemia (C ML); (xxii) stomach cancer or gastric carcinoma such as for example papillary, tubular and mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, small-cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma; (xxiii) melanomas such as for example superficially spreading, nodular, lentigo -maligna and acral-lentiginous melanoma; (xxiv) renal cancer such as for example kidney cell carcinoma or hypernephroma or Grawitz's tumour; (xxv) oesophageal cancer or carcinoma of the oesophagus; (xxvi) penile cancer; (xxvii) prostate cancer; (xxviii) throat cancer or carcinomas of the pharynx such as for example nasopharynx carcinomas, oropharynx carcinomas and hypopharynx carcinomas; (xxix) retinoblastoma such as for example vaginal cancer or vaginal carcinoma;(xxx) plate epithelial carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, in situ carcinomas, malignant melanomas and sarcomas; (xxxi) thyroid carcinomas such as for example papillary, follicular and medullary thyroid carcinoma, as well as anaplastic carcinomas; (xxxii) spinalioma, epidormoid carcinoma and plate epithelial carcinoma of the skin; (xxxiii) thymomas, cancer of the urethra and cancer of the vulva. In specific examples wherein R14is a BRD9 binder, the cancer is any one selected from the group consisting of hematopoietic malignancies (including but not limited to AML, MM) and solid tumors including but not limited to lung, liver, colon, brain, thyroid, pancreas, breast, ovary and prostate cancer. Other particular examples of cancers that may be treated by a targeted protein degradation of BRD9 may include cancers that harbour SMARCB1 abnormalities, for example SMARCB1-deficient cancers, such as malignant rhabdoid tumors and several specific types of sarcoma, as well as leukemia such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). As used herein, the term “patient” or “subject” is used to describe an animal, such as a mammal (e.g. a human or a domesticated animal), to whom treatment, including prophylactic treatment, with the compositions according to the present disclosure is provided. For treatment of those infections, conditions or disease states which are specific to a specific animal such as a human patient, the term patient refers to that specific animal, including a domesticated animal such as a dog or cat or a farm animal such as a horse, cow, sheep, etc. In general, in the present invention, the term patient refers toa human patient unless stated or implied from the context of the use of the term.The disclosure also encompasses a method of screening compounds of formula (III) to identify suitable moieties for use at R14and as linkers for use in the compounds of formula (III) described herein, e.g. a compound of formula (III) that is able to effectively modulate, facilitate and / or promote proteolysis of a target protein. This method may assist in identifying suitable linkers for a particular R14such that the level of degradation is further optimised. The method may comprise: a. providing a compound of formula (III) comprising: (i) a first ligand comprising a moiety of formula (I) as defined herein; (ii) R14as defined for a compound of formula (III) herein; and (iii) a linker that covalently attaches the first and second ligands; b. contacting a cell with the compound of formula (III); and c. detecting degradation of the target protein in the cell. This method may further comprise the steps of: d. detecting degradation of the target protein in the cell in the absence of the compound of formula (III); and e. comparing the level of degradation of the target protein in the cell contacted with the compound of formula (III) to the level of degradation of the target protein in the absence of the compound of formula (III); wherein an increased level of degradation of the target protein in the cell contacted with thecompound of formula (III) indicates that the compound of formula (III) has facilitated and / or promoted the degradation of the target protein. In such methods, a step of detecting degradation of the target protein may comprise detecting changes in levels of a target protein in a cell. For example, a reduction in the level of the target protein indicates degradation of the target protein. An increased reduction in the level of the target protein in the cell contacted with the compound of formula (III) (compared to any reduction in the levels of target protein observed in the cell in the absence of the compound of formula (III)) indicates that the compound of formula (III) has facilitated and / or promoted the degradation of the target protein. The method may further comprise providing a plurality of linkers, each one being used to covalently attach the moiety of formula (I) and R14together to form a plurality of compounds of formula (III). The level of degradation provided by each one of the plurality of compounds of formula (III) may be detected and compared. Those compounds of formula (III) showing higher levels of target protein degradation indicate preferred and / or optimal linkers for use with the selected R14. The method may be carried out in vivo or in vitro. The disclosure also provides a library of compounds of formula (III), the library comprising a plurality of compounds of formula (III), the plurality of compounds of formula (III) comprising a plurality of moieties of formula (I) covalently linked to a selected R14. Alternatively, the disclosure provides a library of compounds of formula (III), the library comprising a plurality of compounds of formula (III), the plurality of compounds of formula (III) comprising a plurality of R14covalently linked to a selected moietyof formula (I).As such, the R14may be pre-selected and the moiety of formula (I) may not be determined in advance, or vice versa. The library may be used to determine the ...

Claims

CLAIMS 1. A compound comprising a moiety of formula (I)wherein R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-(C3-C8cycloalkyl), 3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl, C1-C6 alkyl-(3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl), C6-C10 aryl, C1-C6 alkyl-(C6-C10 aryl), 5- 10 membered heteroaryl, and C1-C6 alkyl-(5-10 membered heteroaryl), wherein each heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl(cycloalkyl), heterocycloalkyl, alkyl(heterocycloalkyl), aryl, alkyl(aryl), heteroaryl, and alkyl(heteroaryl) are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR2, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R3)2; each R2is independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl and C1-C6 haloalkyl; each R3is independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl and C1-C6 haloalkyl; R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are each independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl, wherein each alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR2, C1-C6 alkyl, CN, and N(R3)2; X1is selected from N and CR10; X2is selected from N and CR11; X3is selected from N and CR12; X4is selected from N and CR13; R10, R11, R12, and R13are each independently selected from H, halogen, OR2, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R3)2 wherein each alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR2, and N(R3)2; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein: - if X1is CR10, X2is CR11, X3is CR12and X4is CR13, then at least one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is not H; and - no more than three of X1, X2, X3and X4are N.

2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, 3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl, C1-C6alkyl(3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl), and 5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein each heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl,alkyl(heterocycloalkyl), and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen and C1-C6 alkyl.

3. The compound according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein R1is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, 3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl substituted with C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6alkyl(3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl), 5-10 membered heteroaryl, and 5-10 membered heteroaryl substituted with halogen, wherein each heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O.

4. The compound according to any preceding claim, wherein R1is selected from the following groups:wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound.

5. The compound according to any preceding claim, wherein R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are each independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl and, C1-C6 haloalkyl.

6. The compound according to any preceding claim, wherein R4and R5are each independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 haloalkyl; and R6, R7, R8, and R9are H.

7. The compound according to any preceding claim, wherein R4and R5are each independently selected from H, methyl, and isopropyl; and R6, R7, R8, and R9are H.

8. The compound according to any preceding claim, wherein R4is selected from H, methyl and isopropyl; and R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H.

9. The compound according to any preceding claim, wherein R10, R11, R12, and R13are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy and C1-C6 haloalkoxy.

10. The compound according to any preceding claim, wherein X1is CR10; X2is CR11; X3is CR12; and X4is CR13; wherein at least one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is not H.

11. The compound according to any preceding claim, wherein no more than two of R10, R11, R12, and R13are H.

12. The compound according to any preceding claim, wherein R1is selected from the following groups:wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1 and the rest of the compound;R4is selected from H, methyl and isopropyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9are H; X1is CR10; X2is CR11; X3is CR12; X4is CR13; R10is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethoxy; R11is selected from H, chlorine, fluorine, methyl, and methoxy; R12is selected from H, fluorine, and methyl; and R13is selected from H, fluorine, and methoxy; wherein at least one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is not H.

13. The compound according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein X1is CH or N; X2is CH; X3is CH or N; and X4is CH or N; wherein at least one of X1, X3and X4is N.

14. The compound according to claim 13, wherein R1is selected from the following groups:, wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R1and the rest of the compound; R4is methyl;R5, R6, R7, R8, and R9 are H;X1is CH or N; X2is CH; X3is CH or N; and X4is CH or N; wherein at least one of X1, X3and X4is N.

15. The compound according to any preceding claim, wherein one of R10, R11, R12, and R13ed by a covalent bond to the rest of the compound.

16. A compound of formula (II)wherein R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, X1, X2, X3, and X4are as defined in claims 1 to 14; and G is a moiety which enables the attachment of the compound to another chemical structure via formation of a new covalent bond; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein if X1is CR10, X2is CR11, X3is CR12and X4is CR13, then at least one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is not H; and wherein no more than three of X1, X2, X3and X4are N.

17. The compound according to claim 16, wherein no more than two of R10, R11, R12, and R13are H.

18. The compound according to claim 16 or claim 17, wherein G comprises a functional group that is able to facilitate the formation of an amide, ester, thioester, keto, urethane, amine, or ether linkage, or a carbon-carbon bond or carbon-nitrogen bond).

19. The compound according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein G iswherein RGis absent or is C1-C6 alkylene, optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR2, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R3)2; each R2is independently selected from H and C1-C6alkyl; each R3is independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl; XGis a group that is selected from -CO2H, -(CO)-N-hydroxysuccinimide, -(CO)-pentafluorphenol esters, -CHO, -CORG1, -OH, -ORG1, -NH2, -NHRG2, -N(RG1RG2), halo, O-leaving group, alkynyl, azide, dienyl, aminoxy, tetrazinyl, I-cyclooctenyl, cyclooctynyl, norbornyl, boronic acid, boronate ester, alkylboranes, an organometallic group, or C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by CO2H, O-NH2, or azide; and RG1and RG2are each independently selected from C1-C6 alkyl; and wherein wavy line intersects the bond between G and the rest of the compound.

20. The compound according to claim 19, wherein RGis absent or is C1-C6 alkylene.

21. The compound according to claim 19 or claim 20, wherein XGis a group that is selected from -CO2H, -(CO)-N-hydroxysuccinimide, -(CO)-pentafluorphenol esters, -CHO, -CORG1, -OH, -ORG1, -NH2, -NHRG2, -N(RG1RG2), halogen (e.g. iodine or bromine), -Ots (tosylate), Oms (mesylate), –Otf (triflate), alkynyl, azide, dienyl, aminoxy, tetrazinyl, I-cyclooctenyl, cyclooctynyl, norbornyl, boronic acid, boronate ester, alkylboranes, an organometallic group (e.g. organotin or zinc), or C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted by CO2H, O-NH2, or azide.

22. The compound according to anyone of claims 16 to 21, wherein G is selected from:wherein wavy line intersects the bond that forms the link with the aromatic moiety of the compound of formula (II).wherein R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, X1, X2, X3, and X4are as defined in claims 1 to 14; L is a covalent bond or a linker; andR14is a ligand that binds to a protein; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein if X1is CR10, X2is CR11, X3is CR12and X4is CR13, then at least one of R10, R11, R12, and R13is not H; and wherein no more than three of X1, X2, X3and X4are N.

24. The compound according to claim 23, wherein no more than two of R10, R11, R12, and R13are H.

25. The compound according to claim 23 or claim 24, wherein L is a linker comprising 1 to 25 or 1 to 18 atoms in a single linear chain.

26. The compound according to any one of claims 23 to 25, wherein L is a linker comprising 1 to 10 or 1 to 8 rotatable bonds.

27. The compound according to anyone of claims 23 to 26, wherein: (i) L is a covalent bond or a linker of formula (Lx)q, wherein each Lx represents a subunit of L that is independently selected from CRL1RL2, O, C=O, S, SO, SO2, NRL3, SONRL4, SONRL5C=O, CONRL6, NRL7CO, C(RL8)=C(RL9), C≡C, C6-C10aryl, 5-10 membered heteroaryl, C3-C8cycloalkyl, and 3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein each heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and wherein the aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalklyl, and heterocycloalkyl are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR15, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R16)2; each R15is independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl; each R16is independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl; each RL1, RL2, RL3, RL4, RL5, RL6, RL7, RL8and RL9are each independently selected from H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl, OH, C1-C6 alkoxy, NH2, NH(C1-C6 alkyl), NO2, CN, CONH2, CONH(C1-C6 alkyl), CON(C1-C6 alkyl)2, SO2(C1-C6 alkyl), CO2(C1-C6 alkyl), and CO(C1-C6 alkyl); and q is an integer between 1 and 30; or (ii) L is a linker of formula (L1a): L1A-L2A-L3A(L1a) wherein L1Ais absent or is selected from C1-C6 alkylene, C1-C6 alkoxy and C1-C6 alkylamino; L2A is -NRL2AC=O- or -C=ONRL2A-;L3Ais selected from C1-C3 alkylene, C1-C6 alkoxy and C1-C6 alkylamino; and RL2Ais H or C1-C6 alkyl; or (iii) L is a linker of formula (L1b): L1B-L2B-L3B-L4B-L5B(L1b) wherein L1Bis absent or is selected from C1-C3 alkylene, C1-C6 alkoxy and C1-C6 alkylamino; L2Bis -NRL2AC=O- or -C=ONRL2A-;L3Bis selected from C1-C15 alkylene, and –[(CH2)2O]1-6(CH2)2-; L4Bis -NRL2AC=O- or -C=ONRL2A-; L5Bis selected from C1-C3 alkylene, C1-C6 alkoxy and C1-C6 alkylamino; and RL2Ais H or C1-C6 alkyl; or (iv) L is a linker of formula (L1c): L1C-L2C-L3C-L4C(L1c) wherein L1Cis a 4- to 7-membered monocyclic N-heterocycloalkyl, a 7- to 12-membered bicyclic N-heterocycloalkyl, or an 8- to 18-membered tricyclic N-heterocycloalkyl, wherein the monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic N-heterocycloalkyl each optionally containing one or two additional ring heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, and are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR15, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R16)2; L2Cis absent or is selected from C1-C3 alkylene, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 alkylamino; L3Cis -RL2BC=O- or –(C=O)RL2B-; and L4Cis selected from C1-C3 alkylene, C1-C6 alkoxy, and C1-C6 alkylamino; each R15is independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl; each R16is independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl; RL2Ais H or C1-C6 alkyl; RL2Bis NRL2A; or an N-linked 4- to 7-membered monocyclic N-heterocycloalkyl, a 7- to 12- membered bicyclic N-heterocycloalkyl, or an 8- to 18-membered tricyclic N-heterocycloalkyl, wherein the monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic N-heterocycloalklyl each optionally containing one or two additional ring heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, and are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR17, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R18)2; or (v) L is a linker of formula (L1d): L1D-L2D-L3D(L1d) wherein L1Dis absent or is selected from C1-C3 alkylene, CO, C1-C3 alkylene(N(C1-C3 alkyl); L2Dis NRL2Aor a 4- to 7-membered monocyclic N-heterocycloalkyl, a 7- to 12-membered bicyclic N-heterocycloalkyl, or an 8- to 18-membered tricyclic N-heterocycloalkyl, wherein the monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic N-heterocycloalkyl each optionally contain one or two additional ring heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, and are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR15, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R16)2; L3Dis absent or is selected from C1-C3 alkylene, –O-, -N(C1-C3 alkyl)-, and CO; each R15is independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl; each R16 is independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl; andRL2Ais H or C1-C6 alkyl. (vi) L is a linker of formula (L1e): L1E-L2E-L3E(L1e) wherein L1Eis C1-C3 alkylene or CO; L2Eis a 4- to 7-membered monocyclic N-heterocycloalkyl, or a 7- to 12-membered bicyclic N- heterocycloalkyl, wherein the monocyclic, and bicyclic N-heterocycloalkyl each optionally contain oneor two additional ring heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, and are each optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OR15, C1-C6 alkyl, and N(R16)2; each R15is independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl; each R16is independently selected from H and C1-C6 alkyl; and L3Eis selected from C1-C3 alkylene; or (vii) L is a linker of formula (L1f): L1F(L1f) wherein L1Fis selected from C1-C3 alkylene, CO, and C1-C3 alkylene(NRL1C); and RL1Cis H or C1-C3 alkyl.

28. The compound according to anyone of claims 23 to 27, wherein the -L-R14moiety comprises a structure selected from:wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between L and the rest of the compound.

29. The compound according to anyone of claims 23 to 28, wherein the -L-R14moiety comprises a structure selected from:wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between L and the rest of the compound.

30. The compound according to any one of claims 23 to 29, wherein R14is selected from the group consisting of: binders to kinases; binders to bromodomain-containing proteins; epigenetic modulator compounds; binders to transcription factors; binders to phosphatases, binders to ubiquitin E3 ligases and / or deubiquitinase enzymes; binders to nuclear hormone receptors; binders to aggregation- prone proteins; binders to apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors; and binders to polymerases.

31. The compound according to claim 30, wherein R14is a BRD9 binder.

32. The compound of any one of claims 23 to 31, wherein R14is a moiety of formula (1e), (1f) or (1g)(1e) (1f) (1g) wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R14and the linker; RAand REare each independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-3 alkoxy and C1- 3alkyl; RBand RDare each independently selected from the group consisting of C1-3 alkoxy, H, OH, halogen, NH2, C1-3alkyl, C1-3 haloalkoxy, C1-3alkyl-O-C1-3alkyl, 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, C1-3alkyl- SO2-C1-3alkyl, C1-3alkyl-NH2, C1-3alkyl-N(-C1-3alkyl)2, N(C1-3alkyl)2, NH-RF, wherein the heterocycloalkyl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O; alternatively, RAand RBtaken together form a benzene ring; RCis selected from the group consisting of H, -Y-RG3, NH2, C1-3 alkyl and 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S andO;alternatively, RCand Z2or RCand Z3taken together form a 5-7 membered heterocycloalkyl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, optionally substituted with C1-3 alkyl; wherein when RCis Y-RG3, RBand RDare each independently selected from H, OH, halogen, NH2, CN, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl, C1-3 alkoxy, C1-3 haloalkoxy and C1-3alkoxy-C1-3alkyl; wherein at least one of the substituents RAto REis not hydrogen; RC’is absent, or is as defined for RCRFis selected from SO2-C1-3alkyl and C1-3alkyl, wherein the C1-3alkyl is optionally substituted with a 5 to 6 membered heteroaryl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O; RG3is selected from the group consisting of NH2, OH, C1-3 alkyl, N(RJRK), ORL, aryl, 5-6 membered heteroaryl, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl are optionally and independently substituted with one or more halogen, optionally substituted 4- to 7-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, andoptionally substituted 7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkyl, which monocyclic or bicyclic heterocycloalkyl comprise one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and are optionally substituted with one or more groups independently selected from halogen, OH, NH2, C1-3 alkyl, NHC1-3alkyl, N(C1-3alkyl)2, C1-3 alkoxy and CH2-RM1; RHand RIare each independently selected from H or C1-3 alkyl; or RHand RItaken together form a C3-4cycloalkyl; RJis H or C1-3alkyl; RKis selected from the group consisting of C1-3 alkyl, C2-3alkyl-N(C1-3alkyl)2, C2-3alkyl-NHC1- 3alkyl, 4- to 7- membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, and 7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkyl, wherein each monocyclic and bicyclic heterocycloalkyl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and is optionally substituted with C1-3alkyl; RLis C1-3 alkyl or a 4-7 membered heterocycloalkyl, wherein the heterocycloalkyl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and is optionally substituted with C1-3 alkyl; RMis selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl, C1-6 heteroalkyl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C2-6 alkynyl and H, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, heteroalkyl and cycloalkyl are each optionally substituted with C1-C3 alkyl; RM1is selected from 5-10 membered mono- or bicyclic aryl or heteroaryl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, which is optionally substituted with NH2, OH, halogen, CN, C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 alkoxy; RNis selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C1-6alkyl, C(O)C1-5alkyl, NH2, optionally substituted amino, OH, cyano, C1-6heteroalkyl, C3-10 cycloalkyl, C2-9heterocycloalkyl, C6-10aryl, C2- 9heteroaryl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6heteroalkenyl and thiol, wherein each heteroalkyl and heteroalkenyl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, each heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and the alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl and heteroalkenyl are each optionally substituted with C1-C3 alkyl; ROis H, halogen, cyano, C1-6alkyl, C1-6heteroalkyl, C3-10cycloalkyl, C2–9heterocycloalkyl, C6- 10aryl, C2-9heteroaryl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6heteroalkenyl, hydroxy, and thiol, wherein each heteroalkyl and heteroalkenyl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, each heterocycloalkyl and heteroaryl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and the alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl and heteroalkenyl are each optionally substituted with C1-C3 alkyl; alternatively, RN and Z5 taken together, combine to form a C6-10arene or C2–9heteroarene,wherein the heteroarene comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and the arene or heteroarene are each optionally substituted with C1-C3 alkyl; optionally wherein RNand ROtaken together with the carbon atoms to which they are joined, combine to form a C6-10arene or C2–9heteroarene, wherein the heteroarene comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and the arene or heteroarene are each optionally substituted with C1-C3 alkyl;RPis selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 heteroalkyl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, C3-10 cycloalkyl and C6-10 aryl, wherein the alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, and aryl are each optionally substituted with C1-C3 alkyl; Z3is N or CRD; Z5is N or CRO; Z6is N or CRP; Y is absent or is selected from the group consisting of -CRHRI-, -SO2- and -CO-; ring 1A is a 5-7 membered heterocycloalkane comprising one or two heteroatoms selected from the list consisting of N, S and O, optionally substituted with C1-3alkyl; and ring 1D is a C6-10aryl or C2–9heteroaryl comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, each of which are optionally substituted with C1-3alkyl.

33. The compound of any one of claims 23 to 32, wherein R14is a moiety selected fromwherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R14and L; RA, RB, RE, RM, Z3and Z6are as defined in claim 28; RCis absent or as defined in claim 28; RNis selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-5 alkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl, H, C(O)C1-5alkyl, NH2, NHC1-3alkyl and OH; ROis H or C1-3 alkyl; each RXis independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, OH, NH2, NH-C1-3alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-5 haloalkyl, C1-5 alkoxy and C1-4 haloalkoxy; n is 0 to 3; o is 0 to 2; p is 0 or 1; andq is 0 to 4.

34. The compound of any one of claims 23 to 33, wherein R14is a moiety according to formula (1ea’)wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R14and L; RAand REare each independently selected from H and C1-3 alkoxy; RBand RDare each independently selected from C1-3 alkoxy, H, halogen, C1-3 alkyl, and C1-3 haloalkoxy; RCis absent, or is Y-RG3; Y is selected from the group consisting of -CRHRI-, and -CO-; RHand RIare each independently selected from H or C1-3 alkyl; or RHand RItaken together form a C3-4 cycloalkyl; RG3is selected from the group consisting of N(RJRK), N(C1-3alkyl)(4- to 7-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkylene), or -N(C1-3alkyl)(7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkylene)); -O-; 4- to 7- membered monocyclic heterocycloalkylene; and 7- to 12-membered heterocycloalkylene, wherein each heterocycloalkene comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and is optionally substituted with C1-C3 alkyl; RJis H or C1-3alkyl; RKis selected from the group consisting of C1-3 alkyl, C2-3alkyl-N(C1-3alkyl)2, C2-3alkyl-NHC1- 3alkyl, 4- to 7-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, and 7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkyl, wherein each monocyclic or bicyclic heterocycloalkyl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and is optionally substituted with C1-3 alkyl; RMis C1-3 alkyl; and RN, RO and RP are each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-3 alkyl,and C1-3 haloalkyl.

35. The compound of any one of claims 23 to 34, wherein R14is a moiety of formulae (1h) to (1m), (1o) to (1z) or (2a) to (2j)wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R14and L; RCis absent, or is -Y-RG3; Y is selected from the group consisting of -CRHRI-, and -CO-; RHand RIare each H; or RHand RItaken together form a C3-4cycloalkyl; RG3is selected from the group consisting of N(RJRK), N(C1-3alkyl)(4- to 7-membered monocyclic heterocycloalkylene), or N(C1-3alkyl)(7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkylene)); -O-; 4- to 7- membered monocyclic heterocycloalkylene; and 7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkylene, wherein each monocyclic or bicyclic heterocycloalkyl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and is optionally substituted with C1-3 alkyl; RJis H or C1-3alkyl; RKis selected from the group consisting of C1-3 alkyl, C2-3alkyl-N(C1-3alkyl)2, C2-3alkyl-NHC1- 3alkyl, 4- to 7- membered monocyclic heterocycloalkyl, and 7- to 12-membered bicyclic heterocycloalkyl, wherein each monocyclic or bicyclic heterocycloalkyl comprises one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, S and O, and is optionally substituted with C1-3alkyl.

36. The compound of any one of claims 23 to 35, wherein R14is a moiety of formula (1ia)wherein the wavy line intersects the bond between R14and L.

37. The compound according to claim 23, wherein the compound is any one of compounds Y1 to Y115.

38. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (III) according to any one of claims 23 to 37, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, optionally wherein the compound of formula (III) is present in the composition as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or derivative.

39. A compound according to any one of claims 23 to 37, or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 38, for use in medicine.

40. The compound or pharmaceutical composition for use of claim 39, wherein the use comprises the treatment and / or prevention of any disease or condition which is associated with and / or is caused by an abnormal level of protein activity (e.g. an abnormal level of BRD9 activity).

41. The compound or pharmaceutical composition for use of claim 39 or 40, for use in the treatment and / or prevention of cancer.

42. A method of selectively degrading and / or increasing proteolysis of a target protein (e.g. BRD9) in a cell or a subject in need thereof, the method comprising contacting and / or treating the cell with a compound of formula (III) as defined in any one of claims 23 to 37 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 38.

43. A method of making a compound of formula (III) as defined in any one of claims 23 to 37.

44. A compound library comprising a plurality of compounds according to any one of claims 1 to 37.