A radio frequency identification based system for bus fare collection

Abstract

The present invention discloses a radio frequency identification (RFID) based system to improve efficiency and accuracy in bus fare collection.The proposed invention presents an automated system for ticketing in the Public Transport Buses which is based on RFID technology. This RFID based bus fare collection system will work on RFID devices which are RFID smart card and a RFID reader. The passenger can make his payments by recharging his smart card and tapping it at the RFID reader to issue a ticket.This is a user-friendly system, which will deduct the passenger’s fare according to the distance a passenger will travel. This RFID ticket collection system is a device whichmainly consists of components like RFID reader (103), Arduino Uno (101), LED screen (102), Keypad (104), Node mcu and a buzzer.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF INVENTIONThe present invention relates to the electronic engineering, more particularlybut not exclusively, the present disclosure relates to a Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) based system to improve efficiency and accuracy in bus fare collection.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThe subject matter discussed in the background section should not be assumedto be prior art merely as a result of its mention in the background section.DE3425524A1:The invention relates to a ticket-dispensing machine to beactuated by coin insertion or the like and, for the purpose of obtaining a discountallowance determined according to the extent of use, proposes to provide a readingdevice assigned to an additional identity-card insertion shaft and intended for anidentification code of the identity card, which reading device is coupled to the printingunit of the dispensing machine in such a way that the latter applies the identificationcode to the ticket to be dispensed, the reading device containing a unit for reading anadditional information track serving for determining the amount of a discount to beallowed.EP0380377A1:This system comprises a set of prepaid anonymous cards witha zone for storing monetary units which can be debited successively with each directadjustment for transport or for a service, and a zone for storing at least one transportentitlement, which is made invalid on using the corresponding transport,a set ofnamed cards with a personal and bank identification zone for the holder of the cardand a zone for storing monetary units and a zone for storing at least one transportentitlement, which is made invalid on using the corresponding transport.DE3911667A1:The operating device has a slit for inserting a memory card, inwhich the fare units are electronically stored. In the area around the slot the operatingdevice contains a reader and control unit, with which a specific number of fare unitsare debited according to the chosen destination. At the same time the display showsfare units debited or still available. This appts. checks if a traveler is in the means oftransport to which he is authorized.US10311438B2: A method and apparatus involve: providing a plurality ofproducts that are each associated with a respective radio frequency identification tag;using radio frequency identification technology to automatically identify specificproducts in a group of products collected by a shopper; and evaluating whether or notto obtain payment from the shopper based on the radio frequency identification ofproducts in the groupINA202341000567: Transportation plays a key role in our daily life, wheretime and money saving help more in this proposed system, now days so many peopleare travelling from one place to another place by using different transport services.So, to help the people with technologies we are using RFID and Arduino basedsystems which are common in other systems but here is the update using the switchesthat with a single tag we can choose the different point that we have to be reached.INA202211069261: A ticket booking system using Radio FrequencyIdentification (RFID), the system registers an admin, a driver, and a commuter on thesystem using a ticketing application by receiving admin details, driver details, andcommuter details respectively through a computing device; and enable the registeredcommuter to add money into a wallet. Further, the system allocates a unique RadioFrequency Identification (RFID) ticket by the admin to every correspondingregistered commuter.There are various drawbacks prior art / existing technology. a patent for Ticket-vendingmachine with discount card (DE3425524A1) was filed in 1986. Theinvention relates to a ticket-dispensing machine to be actuated by coin insertion or thelike and, for the purpose of obtaining a discount allowance determined according tothe extent of use.Another patent was filed for Electronic IC card payment system for publictransport and services (EP0380377A1) in 1989. This system comprises: - a set ofprepaid anonymous cards with a zone for storing monetary units which can bedebited successively with each direct adjustment for transport or for a service, anda zone for storing at least one transport entitlement, which is made invalid on usingthe corresponding transport.There is also a patent filed for Operating device for public transport enablespayment of travel costs - by cheque and identifies data, time, transport vehicle, line,journey and destination (DE3911667A1). In this system the operating device has aslit for inserting a memory card, in which the fare units are electronically stored. Inthe area around the slot the operating device contains a reader and control unit, withwhich a specific number of fare units are debited according to the chosendestination. At the same time the display shows fare units debited or still available.OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTIONAn objective of the present invention is to attempt to overcome the problemsof the prior art and a radio frequency identification (RFID) based system to improveefficiency and accuracy in bus fare collection.The main object of the proposed invention is to develop RFID based bus farecollection system will work on RFID devices which are RFID smart card and a RFIDreader. The passenger can make his payments by recharging his smart card andtapping it at the RFID reader to issue a ticket.It is another object of the present invention is that the systemworks towardscashless and paperless ticketing system. This system can also be further developedinto a removing the human interaction completely and digitalizing the bus farecollection process.This and other objects and characteristics of the present invention will becomeapparent from the further disclosure to be made in the detailed description givenbelow.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe following is a simplified summary of the disclosure in order to provide abasic understanding of some aspects of the disclosure. The invention relates to a radiofrequency identification (RFID) based system to improve efficiency and accuracy inbus fare collection.Accordingly, the following disclosure presents the RFID based bus farecollection system will work on RFID devices which are RFID smart card and a RFIDreader. The passenger can make his payments by recharging his smart card andtapping it at the RFID reader to issue a ticket. RFID ticket collection system is adevice which can be used for issuing of tickets without involving cash and paper. Thedevice mainly consists of components like RFID reader, Arduino Uno, LED screen,Keypad, Node mcu and a buzzer. The components are assembled using a breadboardand jumper wires to make it functional. This system works towards cashless andpaperless ticketing system. This system can also be further developed into a removingthe human interaction completely and digitalizing the bus fare collection process.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGFurther clarify various aspects of some example embodiments of thepresent invention, a more particular description of the invention will berendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated inthe appended drawings.Figure 1 of sheet 1 represents thecircuit diagram of the proposedsystem.The components used in this are:101- Relates to Arduino Uno which is the microprocessor of our system.102- Relates to LED screen which will be used for viewing the details.103- Relates to RFID reader which is used to scan the RFID card to complete thepayment.104- Relates to Keypad which is used to give inputs of the location and thenumber of full or half tickets required.these drawing depict only typical embodiment of the invention;therefore, not to be considered limiting on its scope, the invention will bedescribed with additional specificity and details below.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONThe following is a detailed description of the present invention. The proposedinvention is related to a radio frequency identification (RFID) based system toimprove efficiency and accuracy in bus fare collection.This system is specifically designed to integrate ticketing system inside thelocal public buses. This system is implemented using the features of IOT. This is towork towards decreasing the paper usage in ticketing system as many passengerstravel via buses on daily basis and every trip generally needs a separate ticket.Along with this, one always has to deal with cash and change while purchasing theticket and to avoid this everyday hustle and make the ticking system moreconvenient, efficient and less time consuming; we can use the RFID based bus farecollection system.The system is implemented using RFID card and Arduino and servomotors.The system uses Arduino microcontroller, as it is very much advance. Also, with thehelp of this RFID cards a passenger can be authenticated, leading to an effectivestep toward security of passengers. In this system passenger will carry RFID cardswhich will be tapped at respective bus and is to be given an input for destination.Passenger will choose their destination and the number of people traveling with himand according to that the respective amount will be deducted from their respectiveaccount automatically and their ticket will be generated.All the data generated will be stored on the website specifically designed tostore all the data related to generations of the tickets. Collected data can be used topredict bus rush at some specific timing or peak hours and this can be used in orderto provide better services to the people.Since the RFID card has a unique ID, the person can be identified from hiscard's unique ID. This can contribute to security purposes of an individual.The RFID reader is the component that reads the RFID tags on the bus tickets.It communicates with the Arduino Uno microcontroller board through serialcommunication using the SDA and SCK pins. The VCC and GND pins of the RFIDreader are connected to the 5V and GND pins of the Arduino board, respectively.The potentiometer, or pot, is used to adjust the contrast of the LCD display.The middle pin of the potentiometer is connected to the V0 pin of the LCD, while theother two pins are connected to the 5V and GND pins of the Arduino board.The LCD display is used to show the ticket information to the passengers. Itcommunicates with the Arduino board using the RS, E, D4, D5, D6, and D7 pins.These pins are used to set the mode of the display, send data to the display, andcontrol the backlight of the display. The VCC and GND pins of the LCD areconnected to the 5V and GND pins of the Arduino board, respectively.The 4x4 keypad is used to input data and make selections for the ticketingprocess. The rows of the keypad are connected to digital pins 2, 3, 4, and 5 of theArduino board, while the columns of the keypad are connected to digital pins 6, 7, 8,and 9 of the Arduino board. The VCC pin of the keypad is connected to the 5V pin ofthe Arduino board, while the GND pin of the keypad is connected to the GND pin ofthe Arduino board.By communicating with the RFID reader, controlling the LCD display, andreading input from the keypad, the Arduino board can create a functional RFID-basedbus ticketing system.The RFID smart card will be issued by the passenger to travel cashless in thepublic bus which requires exact change, which becomes very difficult for thepassenger as well as the conductor.When the passenger enters the bus, he must tap the card at the RFID readerand has to enter a destination point in the system and the system will automaticallycalculate the fare and deduct the money from the person's account based on thedistance he is traveling. Along with this, we can give an input of the number of peopletraveling on that one smart card and the half or full ticket that is to be issued. Hencepeople do not have to carry the money along with them all the time and they will notface the problem of giving the right change to the conductor.Using RFID technology for ticket collection system will make it cashless sincethe main purpose of RFID card is to make payments. One can recharge the cardmultiple times and use it for paying the bus fare. This will remove the concern ofexact change that is required while issuing the ticket. Since the RFID smart card onlyhas to be tapped at the RFID reader, it will save conductors extra time spent in thecash collection process.Since it is a card-based technology, there will not be anyinvolvement of paper, making the system ecofriendly.This system can also be digitalized further by removing the human interactionand installing cameras for the security purposes as well as smooth running of theprocess.

Claims

1. A radio frequency identification based system for bus fare collection; said system consisting of; a RFID card, an Arduino as a microcontroller; a RFID reader enabled to reads the RFID tags on the bus tickets; said RFID reader communicates with the Arduino Uno microcontroller board through serial communication using the SDA and SCK pins; wherein the VCC and GND pins of the RFID reader are connected to the 5V and GND pins of the Arduino board, respectively. a potentiometer, is used to adjust the contrast of the LCD display; a middle pin of the potentiometer is connected to the V0 pin of the LCD, while the other two pins are connected to the 5V and GND pins of the Arduino board.

2. The radio frequency identification based system for bus fare collection as claimed in claim 1 wherein; said system passenger carry RFID cards which will be tapped at respective bus and is to be given an input for destination; the passenger will choose their destination and the number of people traveling with him and according to that the respective amount deducted from their respective account automatically and their ticket will be generated.

3. The radio frequency identification based system for bus fare collection as claimed in claim 1 wherein; all the data generated will be stored on the website specifically designed to store all the data related to generations of the tickets and the collected data used to predict bus rush at some specific timing..

4. The radio frequency identification based system for bus fare collection as claimed in claim 1 wherein; the LCD display is used to show the ticket information to the passengers; it communicates with the Arduino board using the RS, E, D4, D5, D6, and D7 pins; these pins are used to set the mode of the display, send data to the display, and control the backlight of the display.

5. The radio frequency identification based system for bus fare collection as claimed in claim 1 wherein; the VCC and GND pins of the LCD are connected to the 5V and GND pins of the Arduino board, respectively.

6. The radio frequency identification based system for bus fare collection as claimed in claim 1 wherein; a 4x4 keypad is used to input data and make selections for the ticketing process; the rows of the keypad are connected to digital pins 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the Arduino board, while the columns of the keypad are connected to digital pins 6, 7, 8, and 9 of the Arduino board; the VCC pin of the keypad is connected to the 5V pin of the Arduino board, while the GND pin of the keypad is connected to the GND pin of the Arduino board.