System and method for adaptively restraining an article

Abstract

The present invention discloses a system and method for adaptively restraining an article. The system comprises system (100) comprises a container (108), a base (102) placed within the container (108), and an auxetic layer (104) comprised in the base (102). The auxetic layer (104) comprises a periodic arrangement of a plurality of unit cells (106) across the base (102). Each unit cell (106) comprises a plurality of incisions (204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4) defining flexible ligaments (206). The plurality of unit cells (106) is configured to impart a negative Poisson’s ratio to the base (102) which enables the auxetic layer (104) to locally deform in an out-of-plane direction to restrain the article in multiple dimensions within the container (108) in response to an external force.

Description

FIELD OF INVENTION

[001] The field of invention generally relates to metamaterials and theirapplications in adaptive structural systems. More specifically, it relates to asystem and method for adaptively restraining an article.BACKGROUND

[002] Metamaterials are artificial, architected materials with superior propertiesin optics, acoustics, conductivity, and mechanics, stemming from their internalperiodic structuring. Auxetic metamaterials (AMMs) exhibit a negative Poisson'sratio (NPR), enabling simultaneous expansion or contraction in multipledirections under load, a behaviour leveraged in various applications such as stents,skin grafts, packaging, and sports equipment. AMMs have gained significantattention due to their unique mechanical behaviour, leading to their adoption indiverse fields.

[003] Conventional applications of AMMs often face significant technicalchallenges, as many existing systems are limited to in-plane deformationbehaviours. This limitation restricts their utility in scenarios requiring threedimensional adaptability. For instance, auxetic structures designed for biomedicalor textile applications often prioritize in-plane expansion or contraction, lackingout-of-plane deformation capabilities.

[004] In addition, fabrication of AMMs presents challenges, as their complexityoften demands costly and time-consuming methods like additive manufacturing,which may not be suitable for integration with sustainable materials.

[005] Additionally, existing perforated sheet models, while simpler to fabricate,often lack parametric tunability to control mechanical properties like stiffness orflexibility, thereby limiting their ability to adapt to varying application demands.

[006] Currently, in specific application areas like packaging, polymer foambased packing peanuts and bubble wrap are widely used to restrain articles withincontainers, but they offer limited adaptability, provide less protection duringexpress delivery, and are not environmentally sustainable. The rapid growth of thee-commerce sector has further intensified the need for eco-friendly solutions thatcan minimize the ecological impact of packaging waste while ensuring reliableprotection during express delivery.

[007] Thus, in light of the above discussion, it is implied that there is need for asystem and method for adaptively restraining an article which is reliable and doesnot suffer from the problems discussed above.OBJECT OF INVENTION

[008] The principal object of this invention is to provide a system and method toadaptively restrain articles using auxetic metamaterials, offering a sustainable andcustomizable solution for packaging and other structural applications forpackaging applications, general restraining applications, structural applicationsand application requiring conformal covering of an object or surface.

[009] A further object of the invention is to provide a system and method foradjusting the mechanical properties of auxetic sheets through parametricadjustments, enabling precise control over flexibility and stiffness toaccommodate articles of varying fragility and shapes.

[0010] Another object of the invention is to facilitate easy fabrication andretrofitting of the adaptive restraining system into existing designs, enhancing itsversatility, and reducing waste in packaging and structural applications.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[0011] This invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, throughoutwhich, like reference letters indicate corresponding parts in the various figures.

[0012] The embodiments herein will be better understood from the followingdescription with reference to the drawings, in which:

[0013] Figure 1 illustrates a system for adaptively restraining an article, inaccordance with an embodiment;

[0014] Figure 2 illustrates a unit cell of an auxetic layer integrated into a base 102of the system 100, in accordance with an embodiment;

[0015] Fig. 3 illustrates a system configured to fabricate the auxetic layer 104, inaccordance with an embodiment;

[0016] Figure 4 illustrates a first auxetic layer, a second auxetic layer and a thirdauxetic layer, obtained via a laser cutting process, in accordance with anembodiment;

[0017] Figure 5 illustrates a first practical application of the system for adaptivelyrestraining an article, in accordance with an embodiment;

[0018] Figure 6 illustrates a second practical application of the system foradaptively restraining an object, in accordance with an embodiment;

[0019] Figure 7A illustrates a method for fabricating an auxetic sheet, inaccordance with an embodiment; and

[0020] Figure 7B illustrates a method for packaging an object using the auxeticsheet, in accordance with an embodiment.STATEMENT OF INVENTION

[0021] The present invention discloses a system for adaptively restraining anarticle. The system comprises a container to hold the article, a base attached to thecontainer to restrain the article. The base comprises an auxetic layer comprising aperiodic arrangement of a plurality of unit cells incorporate across the base. Theplurality of unit cells is configured to impart a negative Poisson's ratio to the base,enabling the auxetic layer to locally deform in an out-of-plane direction to restrainthe article in multiple dimensions within the container.

[0022] The present invention discloses a method for adaptively restraining anarticle. The method comprises, providing a container to hold the article,incorporating an auxetic layer comprising a periodic arrangement of a plurality ofunit cells, into a base, attaching the base to the container to restrain the article andusing the plurality of unit cells to impart a negative Poisson's ratio to the base,and enabling the auxetic layer to locally deform in an out-of-plane direction torestrain the article in multiple dimensions within the container.

[0023] In the present invention, laser cutting has been employed for proof ofconcept and the manufacturing method need not be limited to laser cutting.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous detailsthereof are explained more fully with reference to the non-limiting embodimentsthat are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and / or detailed in the followingdescription. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniquesare omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. Theexamples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of waysin which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those ofskill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the examplesshould not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.

[0025] The present invention discloses a system and method for restrainingarticles. While the present invention can be integrated to various applications, thepresent invention particularly exemplifies its application in transportation andpackaging purposes. The core innovation lies in the use of an auxetic layerintegrated into a base material, designed to provide adaptive, multi-dimensionalrestraint while providing sustainability. The present invention utilizes negativePoisson's ratio (NPR) property of auxetic metamaterials to enable localized outof-plane deformation, without causing global deformation of the surroundingstructure.

[0026] Figure 1 illustrates a system 100 for adaptively restraining an articlecomprising a base 102 incorporating an auxetic layer 104, and a container 108, inaccordance with an embodiment.

[0027] In an embodiment, the article comprises any object that needs to berestrained. As an example, the article may comprise at least one of circuit boards,microchips, sensors, electronic devices such as smartphones, cameras, toasters,blenders, toys, books, glassware, ceramics, delicate decorative items, flasks, smallmedical devices such as syringes, biomedical implants, surgical instruments,prosthetics, motors, sports instruments, bottles, jars, tools, artifacts of variousshapes, weights, and sizes.

[0028] In an embodiment, the base 102 provides a platform for the system 100.The base 102 serves as a substrate into which the auxetic layer 104 is integrated.

[0029] In an embodiment, the base 102 may comprise a surface layer such as aplanar sheet or a tray. The auxetic layer 104 being integrated into the base 102deforms locally when an article is placed upon it, enabling adaptive restraintwithout global deformation of the base 102.

[0030] In an embodiment, the base 102 comprises a biodegradable material. Thebiodegradable material comprises at least one of cellulose-based paper, kraftpaper, recycled paper, hemp-based paper, sugarcane bagasse-based paper,cardboard, corrugated boards, polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL),poly (butylene succinate) (PBS), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), chitosan-based biopolymers, and cellulose-based bio-polymers, among others.

[0031] Advantageously, the usage of biodegradable materials instead ofconventional polymer-based packaging materials, such as foam fillers and bubblewrap, reduces environmental impact and provides sustainable packaging.

[0032] In an embodiment, the container 108 may be at least one or box, tray,carton box etc.

[0033] In an embodiment, the auxetic layer 104 is integrated into the base 102.The auxetic layer 104 is a functional component of the system 100. The auxeticlayer 104 is configured to impart an auxetic effect or a negative Poisson's ratio toenable an adaptive and multi-dimensional restraint feature to the system 100.

[0034] In an embodiment, the auxetic layer 104 comprises a periodic arrangementof a plurality of unit cells 106. The plurality of unit cells 106 are periodicallyrepeated throughout the base 106, ensuring uniform deformation across the base106 while restraining the article.

[0035] The plurality of unit cells 106 forms a lattice-like structural configurationthat extends across a substantial portion of the base 102 in horizontal X andvertical Y directions. This structural configuration enables the auxetic layer 104 tolocally deform in an out-of-plane direction when an external force is applied. Forinstance, when an article is pressed against the auxetic layer 104, the auxetic layer104 is configured to efficiently restrain the article in multiple dimensions inresponse to the external force, without imparting global deformation to the base102.

[0036] Figure 2 illustrates the unit cell 106 of the auxetic layer 104 integrated intothe base 102, in accordance with an embodiment. The unit cell 106 comprises acenter point 202 and a plus-shaped configuration. The plus-shaped configurationis formed by at least four incisions 204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3 and 204 / 4. The fourincisions 204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3 and 204 / 4 are symmetrically arranged about thecenter point 202.

[0037] In an embodiment, the plurality of incisions 204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3 and 204 / 4define one or more flexible ligaments 206 representing segments of the base 102formed between adjacent unit cells 106. The flexible ligaments 206 aredeformable segments of the auxetic layer 104 that enable the system 100 toadaptively restrain articles by facilitating localized out-of-plane deformation.

[0038] In an embodiment, each unit cell 106 is defined by one or more structuralparameters. The one or more structural parameters can be adjusted based on userrequirements to provide variable flexibility and stiffness to the base 102. The oneor more structural parameters comprise a length L, a width b, a rotation angle θand a thickness t of the unit cell 106.

[0039] In an embodiment, the length L corresponds to the length of the unit cell106, the width b corresponds to the width of the incisions 204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3,204 / 4, the rotation angle θ corresponds to the angle by which the unit cell 106 isrotated with respect to a reference axis Y, and the thickness t corresponds tothickness of the flexible ligament 206. The reference axis Y is the vertical axis asillustrated in Figure 2.

[0040] In an embodiment, each of the plurality of incisions 204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3,204 / 4 in each unit cell 106 is defined by the length L, the width b and the rotationangle θ relative to the reference axis Y defined in vertical direction.

[0041] In an embodiment, the length L of the incisions 204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4in each unit cell 106 is preferably in a range of 8 mm to 25 mm.

[0042] In an embodiment, the width b of the incisions 204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4in each unit cell 106 is preferably in a range of 0.2 mm to 2 mm.

[0043] In an embodiment, the width b of the incisions 204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4in each unit cell 106 is preferably approximately 1 mm.

[0044] In an embodiment, the rotation angle θ of the plurality of incisions 204 / 1,204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4 in each unit cell 106 with respect to the reference axis Yranges from 1 degree to 45 degrees.

[0045] In an embodiment, the rotation angle θ of the plurality of incisions 204 / 1,204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4 in each unit cell 106 with respect to the reference axis Yranges from 5 degrees to 20 degrees.

[0046] In an embodiment, the thickness t of the flexible ligaments 206 isdependent on the length L of the unit cell 106 and the rotation angle θ of incisions204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4 relative to the reference axis Y.

[0047] The thickness t varies based on adjustments to the length L and therotation angle θ, influencing the flexibility and stiffness of the auxetic layer 104,and can be altered based on specific requirements of the article being restrained.

[0048] In an embodiment, the thickness t of the flexible ligaments 206 rangesfrom 0.3 mm to 4 mm.

[0049] In an embodiment, the plurality of unit cells 106 is positioned uniformlyacross the base 102. The positioning of unit cells 106 across the base 102 isdefined by an offset distance d between adjacent unit cells 106 in horizontal X andvertical Y directions.

[0050] The structural parameters of the plurality of incisions 204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3,204 / 4 for the unit cell 106 of Figure 2 are presented in tabular format hereunder:Structural parameters of incisionsParameters description Symbol Values (mm)Length of the incision L 20Width of the incision b 1Rotation angle of incision θ 15°Thickness of flexible ligament t 2Unit cell offset in X and Y directions d 2

[0051] In an embodiment, the structural parameters, (length L, width b, rotationangle θ and ligament thickness t), and their impact on the auxetic property arecritical for ensuring the system 100 to effectively restrain articles whilemaintaining structural integrity and desired mechanical behaviour. The interactionbetween these structural parameters is adjusted to achieve a balance betweenflexibility and stiffness in the system 100.

[0052] In an embodiment, in one instance, when the rotation angle θ of theincisions 204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4 is between 0° and 4°, the flexible ligaments206 become too thin, making them fragile and prone to tearing or breaking underload. Further, at the rotation angle θ = 0°, the incisions 204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4would align directly along the reference axis Y, forming a straight line rather thana plus-shaped configuration, resulting in minimal thickness t of the flexibleligaments 206, and insufficient material to support deformation.

[0053] In an embodiment, in another instance, when the rotation angle θ is in arange of 5° to 17.5°, the thickness t of the flexible ligaments 206 is within afunctional range, allowing the auxetic layer 104 to achieve a desired balance offlexibility and stiffness. At these rotation angles θ, the auxetic layer 104 formsflexible ligaments 206 that are thick enough to be durable and flexible enough todeform out-of-plane, thereby enabling the negative Poisson's ratio behaviour.

[0054] In an embodiment, in yet another instance, when the rotation angle θexceeds 20°, the thickness t of the flexible ligaments 206 increases, and as therotation angle θ increases (for e.g. approaching 45°), the incisions 204 / 1, 204 / 2,204 / 3, 204 / 4 rotate further, reducing the space between their ends and increasingthe thickness t of the flexible ligaments 206. This reduces the ability of the unitcell 106 to expand or contract in multiple directions, thereby diminishing theauxetic property.

[0055] Fig. 3 illustrates a system 300 configured to fabricate the auxetic layer104, in accordance with an embodiment. The system 300 comprises the base 102,the auxetic layer 104 and a laser cutting device 302. The laser cutting device 302is positioned above the base 102 and provides a platform for a laser cuttingprocess to create the periodic arrangement of the unit cells 106 within the auxeticlayer 104. The base 102 is typically pre-fabricated using standard techniquesbefore the laser cutting device 302 forms the auxetic layer 104 by cutting theplurality of incisions 204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4 to form the plus-shapedconfiguration. In addition, the laser cutting has been employed for proof ofconcept and the manufacturing method need not be limited to laser cutting.

[0056] Figure 4 illustrates a first auxetic layer 104 / 1, a second auxetic layer 104 / 2and a third auxetic layer 104 / 3, obtained via the laser cutting process inaccordance with an embodiment. The first auxetic layer 104 / 1, the second auxeticlayer 104 / 2 and the third auxetic layer 104 / 3 comprise different structuralparameters, particularly the length L and the rotation angle θ of the incisions204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4.

[0057] In an embodiment, the first auxetic layer 104 / 1 comprises the incisions204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4 with a length L of 20 mm and a rotation angle θ of 15°.

[0058] In an embodiment, the longer incision length (L = 20 mm) with therotation angle of 15° of the first auxetic layer 104 / 1 results in greater flexibilitydue to larger incisions 204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4, which allows moredeformation. Additionally, the thicker flexible ligaments 206 (e.g., t = 2 mm)increase the stiffness of the first auxetic layer 104 / 1.

[0059] In an embodiment, the second auxetic layer 104 / 2 comprises the incisions204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4 with a length L of 15 mm and a rotation angle θ of12.5°.

[0060] In an embodiment, the medium incision length (L = 15 mm) and slightlylower rotation angle of 12.5° of the second auxetic layer 104 / 2 results in balancedcombination of flexibility and stiffness. The moderate length of the incisions204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4 allows a moderate extent of deformation, providingless flexibility than the first auxetic layer 104 / 1 but more than the third auxeticlayer 104 / 3, contributing to a moderate level of stiffness.

[0061] In an embodiment, the third auxetic layer 104 / 3 comprises the incisions204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4 with a length L of 12 mm and a rotation angle θ of 15°.

[0062] In an embodiment, the shorter incision length (L = 12 mm) and therotation angle (θ = 15°) of the third auxetic layer 104 / 3 result in greater stiffnessand reduced flexibility of the base 102, compared to the first auxetic layer 104 / 1due to the smaller incisions 204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4, which reduces the extentof deformation. However, the thinner flexible ligaments 206 (e.g., t = 1 mm) ofthe third auxetic layer 104 / 3 reduce its stiffness compared to the first auxetic layer104 / 1 with thicker ligaments (e.g., t = 2 mm), though overall stiffness remainshigher due to the shorter incisions 204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4.

[0063] Figure 5 illustrates a first practical application of the system 100 foradaptively restraining an article 502, demonstrating the deformation of the auxeticlayer 104, in accordance with an embodiment.

[0064] In an embodiment, Figure 5 depicts the auxetic layer 104 being integratedinto the base 102 before an article 502 is placed on it. As discussed previously, theauxetic layer 104 comprises of a periodic arrangement of unit cells 106, eachcomprising the plus-shaped configuration of the incisions 204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3,204 / 4.

[0065] Thereafter, Figure 5 depicts the article 502, identified as an Arduino Megaboard, being placed in a container and further being covered by the auxetic layer104. The article 502 exerts a localized force on the auxetic layer 104 due to itsirregular shape.

[0066] Further, Figure 5 depicts the auxetic layer 104 becoming locally deformed,forming a deformation region after the article 502 is covered by the base 102. Theauxetic layer 104 undergoes localized out-of-plane deformation, where the unitcells 106 expands or contracts to restrain to the shape of the article 502. Thedeformed auxetic layer may be referred as a deformed auxetic sheet 506. Inaddition, the deformed auxetic sheet 506 covering the restrained article 502 in thecontainer may be referred to as an auxetic package 504, serving as a packagingsolution that securely holds the article 502. This localized deformation ensuresthat only a local area of the auxetic layer 104 in contact with the article 502deforms, while the rest of the auxetic layer 104 remains unchanged.

[0067] Figure 6 illustrates a second practical application of the system 100 foradaptively restraining an object 604 within a box 602, demonstrating thedeformation of the auxetic layer 104, in accordance with an embodiment.

[0068] Figure 6 depicts the auxetic layer 104 being formed so as to be placed intothe box 602.

[0069] Further, the object 604 comprising a stepper motor is placed into the box602.

[0070] Thereafter, the auxetic layer 104 is placed onto the box 602 to restrain theobject 604. The object 604 exerts a localized force on the auxetic layer 104 due toits irregular shape. The auxetic layer 104 undergoes localized out-of-planedeformation. The deformed auxetic layer may be referred to as a deformed auxeticsheet 606. This localized deformation ensures that only the local area in contactwith the object 604 deforms, while the rest of the auxetic layer 104 remainsunchanged.

[0071] In an embodiment, the auxetic layer 104 is attached to a container or a box602 through one or more attachment means such as adhesives, staples, etc.

[0072] Figure 7A illustrates a method 700 for fabricating an auxetic sheet, inaccordance with an embodiment. The auxetic sheet may be referred as the sheetobtained by integration of the auxetic layer 104 with the base 102 of the system100 for adaptively restraining articles. The method 700 begins with defining oneor more parameters for the auxetic sheet based on requirements, as depicted atstep 702. The step 702 involves determining parameters for the auxetic sheetcomprising overall specifications of the auxetic sheet, such as size of the auxeticsheet (e.g., length and width of the base 102), material of the auxetic sheet(biodegradable), etc. Subsequently, the method 700 discloses defining one ormore structural parameters for an auxetic pattern of the auxetic sheet, as depictedat step 704. These parameters include the length L of the incisions 204 / 1, 204 / 2,204 / 3, 204 / 4, the width b of the incisions 204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4, the rotationangle θ of the incisions 204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4, thickness t of the flexibleligaments 206 and the offset distance d in X and Y directions. Thereafter, themethod 700 discloses generating the auxetic pattern using a computer-aideddesign (CAD) tool, as depicted at step 706. It involves designing the auxeticpattern based on the structural parameters mentioned at step 704. Thereafter, themethod 700 discloses generating a DXF file and coordinates for the DXF file,involving exporting the auxetic pattern from the CAD tool as the DXF file,depicted at step 708. Thereafter, the method 700 discloses generating tool pathand G-Code / M-Code using the DXF file by processing the DXF file to beprovided to the laser cutting device 302, depicted at step 710. Thereafter, themethod 700 discloses setting one or more parameters for the laser cutting device302, such as laser power, cutting speed, and focus, depicted at step 712.Thereafter, the method 700 discloses cutting the auxetic pattern on a sheet tocreate the auxetic sheet using the laser cutting device 302, as depicted at step 714.

[0073] Figure 7B illustrates a method 750 for packaging an object using theauxetic sheet, in accordance with an embodiment. The method 750 begins withfolding the auxetic sheet into an auxetic cover, as depicted at step 752. Folding theauxetic sheet into the auxetic cover comprises creasing it to form a protectivelayer that can fit over or around the object. Subsequently, the method 750discloses placing the object inside a container, as depicted at step 754. It involvespositioning the object to be restrained within the container. Thereafter, the method750 discloses press fitting the auxetic cover into the container, depicted at step756. It involves applying pressure to the auxetic cover to fit it within thecontainer, securing the object. This press fitting step ensures the object to besecurely restrained within the container, protected by the auxetic cover, withoutrequiring additional packaging materials.

[0074] The advantages of the current invention include its ability to restrainarticles of different shapes, sizes, and weights by adapting to their contoursthrough localized deformation. This versatility makes the invention suitable for awide range of packaging applications. Further, the structural parameters of theauxetic layer 104 can be adjusted to achieve variable flexibility and stiffnesswhich enables the system to be customized for specific articles, balancingflexibility for fragile articles and stiffness for heavier articles.

[0075] An additional advantage is that the ability of the auxetic layer 104 toenable localized out-of-plane deformation without global deformation, ensuringthat only the area in contact with the article deforms while the rest of the base 102remains structurally intact.

[0076] Applications of the current invention include sustainable packaging forvarious fields such as electronics, packaging industry, express delivery industry tosafely transport fragile and delicate articles like MEMS, electronic products, glassarticles, general restraining applications, structural applications and applicationrequiring conformal covering of an object or surface etc. Further, the inventioncan also be used in additive manufacturing and 3D printing, where the designflexibility of the auxetic pattern and the use of biodegradable materials can beleveraged to create custom packaging solutions or auxetic structures for variousindustries.

[0077] The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully revealthe general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying currentknowledge, readily modify and / or adapt for various applications such specificembodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, suchadaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended withinthe meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to beunderstood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for thepurpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodimentsherein have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in theart will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modificationwithin the scope of the embodiments as described here.

Claims

1. A system (100) for adaptively restraining an article, comprising: a container (108) to hold the article; and a base (102) attached to the container (108) to restrain the article, wherein the base (102) comprises: an auxetic layer (104) comprising a periodic arrangement of a plurality of unit cells (106) incorporated across the base (102), wherein the plurality of unit cells (106) is configured to impart a negative Poisson's ratio to the base (102), enabling the auxetic layer (104) to locally deform in an out-of-plane direction to restrain the article in multiple dimensions within the container (108).

2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the base (102) and the container (108) comprises a biodegradable material, and wherein the biodegradable material comprises at least one of cellulose-based paper, kraft paper, recycled paper, hemp-based paper, sugarcane bagasse-based paper, cardboard, and corrugated boards, polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly (butylene succinate) (PBS), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), chitosanbased bio-polymers, and cellulose-based bio-polymers.

3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of unit cells (106) is positioned uniformly across the base (102) based on an offset distance (d) between adjacent unit cells (106) in horizontal (X) and vertical (Y) directions.

4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein each unit cell (106) of the plurality of unit cells (106) of the auxetic layer (104) comprises: a center point (202); and a plus-shaped configuration formed by at least four incisions (204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4) defining flexible ligaments (206) and arranged symmetrically about the center point (202).

5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 4, wherein the periodic arrangement of the plurality of unit cells (106) forms a lattice-like structure extending across a substantial portion of the base (102) in horizontal (X) reference axis and vertical (Y) reference axis, wherein each unit cell (106) of the plurality of unit cells (106) is defined by one or more structural parameters, configured to provide variable flexibility and stiffness to the base (106), wherein the one or more structural parameters comprise: a length (L) of the unit cell (106), a width (b) of the incisions (204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4), a rotation angle (θ) relative to the (Y) reference axis, and a thickness (t) of the flexible ligaments (206).

6. The system (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the length (L) ranges from 8 mm to 25 mm.

7. The system (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein each of the flexible ligaments (206) comprises a thickness (t) ranging from 0.3 mm to 4 mm.

8. The system (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein rotation angle (θ) with respect to a reference axis (Y) ranging from 1 degree to 45 degrees.

9. The system (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the rotation angle (θ) ranges from 5 degrees to 20 degrees.

10. The system (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the thickness (t) of the flexible ligaments (206) is structurally dependent on the length (L) and the rotation angle (θ) of the unit cell (106) relative to the reference axis (Y).

11. A method for adaptively restraining an article, comprising: providing a container (108) to hold the article; incorporating an auxetic layer (104) comprising a periodic arrangement of a plurality of unit cells (106), into a base (102); attaching the base (102) to the container (108) to restrain the article; using the plurality of unit cells (106) to impart a negative Poisson's ratio to the base (102); and enabling the auxetic layer (104) to locally deform in an out-of-plane direction to restrain the article in multiple dimensions within the container (108).

12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein forming the auxetic layer (104) comprises laser cutting the plurality of incisions (204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4) to penetrate through entire thickness of the base (102).

13. The method as claimed in claim 11, comprising: positioning the plurality of unit cells (106) uniformly across the base (102) based on an offset distance (d) between adjacent unit cells (106) in horizontal (X) and vertical (Y) directions.

14. The method as claimed in claim 11, comprising: providing a center point (202) for each unit cell (106) of the plurality of unit cells (106); and providing a plus-shaped configuration for each unit cell (106) by arranged at least four incisions (204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4) symmetrically about the center point (202), defining flexible ligaments (206).

15. The method as claimed in claim 14, comprising: forming a lattice-like structure extending across a substantial portion of the base (102) in horizontal (X) reference axis and vertical (Y) reference axis, due to the periodic arrangement of the plurality of unit cells (106); defining each unit cell (106) of the plurality of unit cells (106) by one or more structural parameters configured to provide variable flexibility and stiffness to the base (106), wherein the one or more structural parameters comprise: a length (L) of the unit cell (106), a width (b) of the incisions (204 / 1, 204 / 2, 204 / 3, 204 / 4), a rotation angle (θ) relative to the (Y) reference axis, and a thickness (t) of the flexible ligaments (206).