Method and apparatus for transmitting data

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a user equipment and a method for performing data transmission. The method includes receiving at least one of downlink control information (DCI) or higher layer signaling from a base station; determining a transmission format of the data transmission based on at least one of the DCI or the higher layer signaling; and performing the data transmission based on the determined transmission format. The present disclosure also provides a base station and a method for performing data transmission.

Description

FieldThe present application relates to the field of wireless communicationtechnique, and in particular, to a user equipment, a base station and a method of datatransmission.Description of Related ArtTo meet the demand for wireless data traffic having increased sincedeployment of 4th generation (4G) communication systems, efforts have been made to developan improved 5th generation (5G) or pre-5G communication system. The 5G or pre-5Gcommunication system is also called a ‘beyond 4G network’ or a ‘post long term evolution (LTE)system’. The 5G communication system is considered to be implemented in higher frequency(mmWave) bands, e.g., 60 GHz bands, so as to accomplish higher data rates. To decreasepropagation loss of the radio waves and increase the transmission distance, the beamforming,massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), full dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array - 3 -antenna, an analog beamforming, and large scale antenna techniques are discussed with respectto 5G communication systems. In addition, in 5G communication systems, development forsystem network improvement is under way based on advanced small cells, cloud radio accessnetworks (RANs), ultra-dense networks, device-to-device (D2D) communication, wirelessbackhaul, moving network, cooperative communication, coordinated multi-points (CoMP),reception-end interference cancellation and the like.

[04] In the 5G system, hybrid frequency shift keying (FSK) and Feher's quadratureamplitude modulation (FQAM) and sliding window superposition coding (SWSC) as anadvanced coding modulation (ACM), and filter bank multi carrier (FBMC), non-orthogonalmultiple access (NOMA), and sparse code multiple access (SCMA) as an advanced accesstechnology have been developed.

[05] The Internet, which is a human-centered connectivity network where humansgenerate and consume information, is now evolving to the Internet of things (IoT) wheredistributed entities, such as things, exchange and process information without humanintervention. The Internet of everything (IoE), which is a combination of the IoT technology andthe big data processing technology through connection with a cloud server, has emerged. Astechnology elements, such as “sensing technology”, “wired / wireless communication and networkinfrastructure”, “service interface technology”, and “security technology” have been demandedfor IoT implementation, a sensor network, a machine-to-machine (M2M) communication,machine type communication (MTC), and so forth have been recently researched. Such an IoTenvironment may provide intelligent Internet technology services that create a new value tohuman life by collecting and analyzing data generated among connected things. IoT may beapplied to a variety of fields including smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car or - 4 -connected cars, smart grid, health care, smart appliances and advanced medical services throughconvergence and combination between existing information technology (IT) and variousindustrial applications.

[06] In line with this, various attempts have been made to apply 5Gcommunication systems to IoT networks. For example, technologies such as a sensor network,MTC, and M2M communication may be implemented by beamforming, MIMO, and arrayantennas. Application of a cloud RAN as the above-described big data processing technologymay also be considered to be as an example of convergence between the 5G technology and theIoT technology.

[07] As described above, various services can be provided according to thedevelopment of a wireless communication system, and thus a method for easily providing suchservices is required.- 5 -SUMMARY

[08] The present application provides a user equipment, a base station and amethod of data transmission, which may solve the problem how to determine a modulation anddemodulation method, how to perform time domain resource allocation and mapping and datatransmission. The technical solution is as follows:

[09] In an exemplary embodiment, a method of data transmission is provided,comprising receiving downlink control information (DCI) and / or higher layer signalingtransmitted by a base station; determining a transmission format of the data transmissionaccording to the received DCI and / or the higher layer signaling, wherein, the transmission formatincludes at least one of the following: a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, apreset number of transmission, a modulation scheme, a resource location for reference signal anda transport block size (TBS), and wherein, the preset number of transmission includes: a numberof transmission and / or a number of repetition; and performing the data transmission based on thetransmission format of data transmission.

[010] The determining of the transmission format of data transmission according tothe received DCI and / or the higher layer signaling may comprise determining a time domainresource allocation (TDRA) set according to the higher layer signaling, wherein, at least oneentry of TDRA set includes multiple parameter sets of TDRA that are used to indicate the timedomain resource; and determining one entry of the TDRA set according to the DCI, anddetermining the preset number of transmission according to the number of parameter set ofTDRA in the entry.

[011] The determining of the transmission format of data transmission according tothe received DCI and / or the higher layer signaling may comprise at least one of the following- 6 -determining a TDRA set according to the higher layer signaling, and determining one entry ofthe TDRA set according to the DCI and the TDRA set, wherein, at least one entry of the TDRAset comprises multiple parameter sets of TDRA; and determining the preset number oftransmission according to the indication information indicating the preset number oftransmission in the DCI and / or the higher layer signaling.

[012] The performing of the data transmission based on the transmission format ofdata transmission may comprise at least one of the following: retransmitting all the datacorresponding to all parameter set(s) of TDRA for k time(s); when the determined preset numberof transmission k is greater than the number of parameter set of the TDRA parameters includedin one entry of the determined TDRA set, retransmitting the data corresponding to the partialparameter set(s) of TDRA according to a predefined rule or rule pre-configured by the basestation; and when the determined preset number of transmission k is not greater than the numberof parameter set of the TDRA included in one entry of the determined TDRA set, transmittingdata corresponding to the first k sets of TDRA parameters in TDRA set.

[013] The determining of the transmission format of data transmission according tothe received DCI and / or the higher layer signaling may comprise acquiring a candidate setpre-configured by the base station, wherein, the candidate set includes multiple presetcombinations, and the preset combination includes at least one of the following: a slot offset, acombination of a start and length indicator SLIV, a start position S and a time domain length L,wherein, each preset combination is provided with a corresponding index; acquiring theindication information transmitted by the base station, wherein, the indication information isused to indicate one of the candidate set corresponding to the preset combination; and- 7 -determining the transmission format of data transmission based on the candidate setpre-configured by the base station and the indication information transmitted by the base station.

[014] The acquiring of the indication information transmitted by the base stationmay comprise: acquiring a TDRA set transmitted by the base station, wherein, each entry of theTDRA set includes one or more pieces of indication information.

[015] The indication information may be indicated by the base station using a presetnumber of bits, and the preset number is [log2(m)], wherein, m is the number of presetcombinations included in the candidate set.

[016] The determining of the transmission format of data transmission according tothe received DCI and / or the higher layer signaling may comprise when it is determined that oneentry of the TDRA set includes multiple parameter sets of TDRA, determining a time domainposition of a first demodulation signal (DMRS) for the data transmission according to a relativestart position of each preset transmission in each parameter set of time domain resource.

[017] The determining of the transmission format of data transmission according tothe received DCI and / or the higher layer signaling may comprise at least one of the followingdetermining a fixed modulation scheme according to the received DCI and / or the higher layersignaling, wherein, the fixed modulation scheme is the same modulation scheme adopted by eachpreset transmission; and determining the modulation scheme adopted by at least one presettransmission according to an actual transmission efficiency and / or a code rate, wherein, theactual transmission efficiency and / or the code rate are acquired by the received DCI and / or thehigher layer signaling.

[018] The determining of the transmission format of data transmission according tothe received DCI and / or the higher layer signaling may comprise acquiring a modulation and - 8 -code scheme (MCS) index indicated in the DCI and / or the higher layer signaling; anddetermining the modulation scheme adopted by the first preset transmission(s) according to theMCS index.

[019] The determining of the modulation scheme adopted by the first presettransmission(s) according to the MCS index may comprise at least one of the following:determining the modulation scheme adopted by the first preset transmission(s) as the modulationscheme corresponding to the MCS index in an MCS index table; and adjusting a modulationorder if the code rate corresponding to the MCS index is greater than a preset threshold whenused for the first preset transmission, and determining the modulation scheme adopted by thefirst preset transmission(s) based on the adjusted modulation order.

[020] The determining of the modulation scheme adopted by at least one presettransmission according to the actual transmission efficiency and / or the code rate may comprisedetermining the transport block size (TBS), wherein the TB is a TB corresponding to thephysical uplink shared channel PUSCH or a transport block corresponding to the physicaldownlink shared channel (PDSCH); and determining a code rate and / or a spectral efficiencyadopted by the at least one preset transmission according to at least one of the following: TBS,and the number of symbols actually transmitted by the at least one preset transmission;determining the modulation scheme adopted by the at least one preset transmission according toat least one of the following: the code rate adopted by the at least one preset transmission; thespectral efficiency adopted by the at least one preset transmission; predefined TBS table; a coderate threshold; and a spectrum efficiency threshold.

[021] The determining of the modulation scheme adopted by the at least one presettransmission according to the code rate adopted by the at least one preset transmission and / or the - 9 -spectral efficiency adopted by the at least one preset transmission as well as a predefined TBStable may comprise determining, in the predefined TBS table, a row which the first code rateand / or the first spectral efficiency are corresponding to, according to the code rate and / or thespectral efficiency adopted by the at least one preset transmission; determining the modulationscheme adopted by the at least one preset transmission according to a modulation order indicatedby the row which the first code rate and / or the first spectral efficiency are corresponding to;wherein, the first code rate and / or the first spectral efficiency is: a code rate and / or a spectralefficiency closest to the code rate and / or the spectral efficiency adopted by the at least one presettransmission in a predefined TBS table.

[022] The determining of a transmission format corresponding to the datatransmission according to the received DCI and / or the higher layer signaling may comprise atleast one of the following determining a time density of the phase tracking reference signalPT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s) according to the received DCI and / or thehigher layer signaling; determining the time domain locations of the PT-RS corresponding to allthe preset transmission(s) or the time domain location of the PT-RS corresponding to any ofpreset transmission(s) according to the time density of the PT-RS corresponding to the presettransmission(s); and determining the location(s) of the PT-RS time-frequency resource of thePUSCH according to the time density of the PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s)and a time set.

[023] The determining of the time density of the PT-RS corresponding to the presettransmission(s) according to the received DCI and / or the higher layer signaling, may comprise atleast one of the following: determining the time density of PT-RS corresponding to the presettransmission(s) according to the MCS index in the MCS table corresponding to an average - 10 -spectral efficiency corresponding to all the preset transmission(s) and / or an average code ratecorresponding to all the preset transmission(s); determining the time density of PT-RScorresponding to the preset transmission(s) by the MCS index scheduled by the DCI orconfigured by the higher layer signaling; determining the time density of PT-RS correspondingto the preset transmission(s) according to the MCS index in the MCS table corresponding to theactual code rate of any of preset transmission(s) and / or the MCS index in the MCS tablecorresponding to the actual spectrum efficiency of any preset transmission; determining thetime density of PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s) according to the MCS index inthe MCS table corresponding to the actual spectrum efficiency of the first preset transmission(s)and / or the MCS index in the MCS table corresponding to the actual code rate of the first presettransmission; determining a time density of PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s)according to a reference signaling density parameter, wherein, the reference signaling densityparameter is configured by the base station using the higher layer signaling or the DCI; anddetermining the time density of PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s) as a presetvalue.

[024] The determining of the time density of PT-RS corresponding to the presettransmission(s) by the MCS index scheduled by the DCI or configured by the higher layersignaling may comprise acquiring, at least one MCS table and a threshold of time density of atleast one PT-RS corresponding to each of MCS tables; determining, MCS table corresponding tothe preset transmission(s) from the at least one acquired MCS table; determining, the timedensity of PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s), according to the MCS indexscheduled by the DCI or configured by the higher layer signaling and the determined thresholdof time density of the at least one PT-RS corresponding to MCS table.- 11 -

[025] The determining of the time density of PT-RS corresponding to the presettransmission(s) according to the MCS index in the MCS table corresponding to the averagespectral efficiency corresponding to all the preset transmission(s) and / or the MCS index in theMCS table corresponding to the average code rate corresponding to all the preset transmission(s)may comprise searching, in the MCS table, for the MCS index corresponding to the spectralefficiency closest to the average spectral efficiency corresponding to all the presettransmission(s), and / or searching, in the MCS table, for the MCS index corresponding to thecode rate closest to the average code rate corresponding to all the preset transmission(s);determining a time density of PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s) according to thefound MCS index and the threshold value configured by the base station; determining the timedensity of PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s) by the MCS index scheduled by theconfigured by the RRC, including: determining the time density of PT-RS corresponding to thepreset transmission(s) by the MCS index scheduled by the configured by the RRC and thethreshold value configured by the base station; determining the time domain of PT-RScorresponding to the preset transmission(s) according to the MCS index in the MCS tablecorresponding to the actual code rate and / or the MCS index in the MCS table corresponding tothe actual spectrum efficiency of any preset transmission, including: searching, in the MCS table,for the MCS index corresponding to the code rate closest to the actual code rate of the any of thepreset transmission(s) and / or searching, in the MCS table, for the MCS index corresponding tothe spectral efficiency closest to the actual spectral efficiency of the any of the presettransmission; determining a time density of the PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s)according to the found MCS index and the threshold value configured by the base station;determining the time density of PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s) according to - 12 -the MCS index in the MCS table corresponding to the actual spectrum efficiency of the firstpreset transmission(s) and / or the MCS index in the MCS table corresponding to the actual coderate of the first preset transmission, including: searching for the MCS index in the MCS tablecorresponding to the code rate closest to the actual code rate of the first preset transmission(s)and / or searching for the MCS index in the MCS table corresponding to the spectral efficiencyclosest to the actual spectrum efficiency of the first preset transmission; determining the timedensity of PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s) according to the found MCS indexand the threshold value configured by the base station.

[026] The determining of a time domain position of the PT-RS in all presettransmission(s) or a time domain position of the PT-RS in any of preset transmission(s)according to the time density of the PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s), maycomprise determining the time domain position of the PT-RS in all preset transmission(s)according to the time density of the PT-RS corresponding to the reset transmission and the startsymbol of the first preset transmission(s); or determining the time domain position of the PT-RSin any of the preset transmission(s) according to the time density of the PT-RS corresponding tothe preset transmission(s) and the start symbol occupied by the any of the preset transmission(s).

[027] The time set may comprise at least one of the following: the start position ofthe TDRA of PUSCH of any of multiple preset transmission(s)s or the start position of the firstpreset transmission(s), or the start position of the continuous symbol set and / or the slot of thestart position in all PUSCH preset transmission(s); the PUSCH time domain resource of any ofmultiple preset transmission(s) or the PUSCH time domain resource of any presettransmission(s), or the time domain resource of all preset transmission(s) actually transmitted byPUSCH.- 13 -

[028] In an exemplary embodiment, the method may further comprise determiningthat the transmission format processing manner for determining the transmission belongs to afirst resource processing manner or a second resource processing manner according to theindication information of the DCI, and the resource processing manner includes: a resourceallocation manner and / or a resource mapping manner.

[029] The determining that the resource processing manner configured by the basestation belongs to a first resource processing manner or a second resource processing manneraccording to the indication information of the DCI may comprise determining that the resourceprocessing manner configured by the base station belongs to the first resource processing manneror the second resource processing manner according to the index of the row indicated in theTDRA table; and / or, determining the resource processing manner configured by the base stationbelongs to the first resource processing manner or the second resource processing manneraccording to at least one of the following: a specific field added in the DCI; an indication valueprovided in the preset domain; DCI format; RNTI for scrambling; a search space; and DCI loadsize and control channel resource set.

[030] The determining the transmission format of data transmission according to thereceived DCI and / or the higher layer signaling may comprise at least one of the following:determining a potential resource set not for data mapping according to the configurationinformation in the higher layer signaling, and determining resource set not for resource set notfor a data mapping according to the indication information in the DCI for indicating the datachannel transmission; determining a resource not for data mapping according to theconfiguration information in the higher layer signaling; and determining a potential resource set - 14 -not for data mapping by the configuration information in the higher layer signaling, anddetermining the resource not for data mapping according to the group common DCI.

[031] In an exemplary embodiment, a user equipment (UE) is provided, comprising:a receiving module configured to receive downlink control information DCI and / or higher layersignaling transmitted by a base station; a first determining module configured to determine atransmission format of the data transmission according to the DCI and / or the higher layersignaling received by the receiving module, wherein, the transmission format includes at leastone of the following: a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, a preset number oftransmission, a modulation scheme, a resource location for reference signal and a transport blocksize, and wherein, the preset number of transmission includes: a number of transmission and / or anumber of repetition; and a first data transmission module configured to perform the datatransmission based on the transmission format of data transmission determined by the firstdetermining module.

[032] The first determining module may be configured to determine a TDRA setaccording to the higher layer signaling, wherein, at least one entry of TDRA set includesmultiple parameter sets of TDRA that are used to indicate the time domain resource; and the firstdetermining module is further configured to determine one entry of the TDRA set according tothe DCI, and determine the preset number of transmission according to the number of parameterset of TDRA in the entry.

[033] The first determining module may be configured to determine a TDRA setaccording to the higher layer signaling, and determine one entry of the TDRA set according tothe DCI and TDRA set, wherein, at least one of the TDRA set comprises multiple parameter setsof TDRA; and / or the first determining module is specifically configured to determine the preset - 15 -number of transmission according to the indication information indicating the preset number oftransmission in the DCI and / or the higher layer signaling.

[034] The first data transmission module may be specifically configured toretransmit all the data corresponding to all parameter set(s) of TDRA for k time(s); and / or thefirst data transmission module is specifically configured to: when the determined preset numberof transmission k is greater than the number of parameter set of the TDRA included in one entryof the determined TDRA set, retransmitting the data corresponding to the partial parameter set(s)of TDRA according to a predefined rule or rule pre-configured by the base station; and / or thefirst data transmission module is specifically configured to: when the determined preset numberof transmission k is not greater than the number of parameter set of the TDRA included in oneentry of the determined TDRA set, transmitting data corresponding to the first k sets of TDRAparameters in TDRA set.

[035] The first determining module may comprise: a first acquiring unit, a secondacquiring unit and a first determining unit, wherein, the first acquiring unit is configured toacquire a candidate set pre-configured by the base station, wherein, the candidate set includesmultiple preset combinations, and the preset combination includes at least one of the following: aslot offset, a combination of a start and length indicator SLIV, a start position S and a timedomain length L, wherein, each preset combination is provided with a corresponding index; thesecond acquiring unit is configured to acquire the indication information transmitted by the basestation, wherein, the indication information is used to indicate one of the indexes correspondingto the preset combination; the first determining unit is configured to determine the transmissionformat of data transmission based on the candidate set pre-configured by the base station and - 16 -acquired by the first acquiring unit as well as the TDRA set transmitted by the base station andacquired by the second acquiring unit.

[036] The second acquiring unit may be configured to acquire the TDRA settransmitted by the base station, wherein, each entry of the TDRA set includes one or more piecesof indication information.

[037] The first determining module may be configured to when it is determined thatone entry of the TDRA set includes multiple sets of time domain resource parameters,determining a time domain position of a first demodulation signal (DMRS) for the datatransmission according to a relative start position of each preset transmission in each parameterset of time domain resource.

[038] The first determining module may be configured to determine a fixedmodulation scheme according to the received DCI and / or the higher layer signaling, wherein, thefixed modulation scheme is a modulation scheme adopted by each preset transmission; and / orthe first determining module is further specifically configured to determine the modulationscheme adopted by at least one preset transmission according to an actual transmission efficiencyand / or a code rate, wherein, the actual transmission efficiency and / or the code rate are acquiredby the received DCI and / or the higher layer signaling.

[039] The first determining module may comprise a third acquiring unit and asecond determining unit, wherein, the third acquiring unit is configured to acquire a modulationand code scheme (MCS) index indicated in the DCI and / or the higher layer signaling; and thesecond determining unit is configured to determine the modulation scheme adopted by the firstpreset transmission(s) according to the MCS index acquired by the third acquiring unit.- 17 -

[040] The second determining unit may be configured to determine the modulationscheme adopted by the first preset transmission(s) as the modulation scheme corresponding tothe MCS index in a MCS index table; and / or the second determining unit is further specificallyconfigured to adjust a modulation order if the code rate corresponding to the MCS index isgreater than the preset threshold when used for the first preset transmission(s), and determiningthe modulation scheme adopted by the first preset transmission(s) based on the adjustedmodulation order.

[041] The first determining module may be configured to determine the transportblock size (TBS), wherein, the TB is a TB corresponding to the PUSCH or a TB correspondingto the PDSCH, the first determining module is further specifically configured to determine acode rate and / or a spectral efficiency adopted by the at least one preset transmission according toat least one of the following: TBS, and the number of symbols actually transmitted by the at leastone preset transmission; determining the modulation scheme adopted by the at least one presettransmission according to at least one of the following: the code rate adopted by the at least onepreset transmission; the spectral efficiency adopted by the at least one preset transmission;predefined TBS table; code rate threshold; and spectrum efficiency threshold.

[042] The first determining module may be further specifically configured todetermine, in the predefined TBS table, a row which the first code rate and / or the first spectralefficiency are corresponding to, according to the code rate and / or the spectral efficiency adoptedby the at least one preset transmission; the first determining module is further specificallyconfigured to determine an modulation scheme adopted by the at least one preset transmissionaccording to a modulation order indicated by the row which the first code rate and / or the firstspectral efficiency are corresponding to; wherein, the first code rate and / or the first spectral - 18 -efficiency is: a code rate and / or a spectral efficiency closest to the code rate and / or the spectralefficiency adopted by the at least one preset transmission in a predefined TBS table.

[043] The first determining module may be configured to determine a time densityof the PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission according(s) to the received DCI and / orthe higher layer signaling; and / or the first determining module is specifically configured todetermine the time domain locations of the PT-RS corresponding to all the preset transmission(s)or the time domain location of the PT-RS corresponding to any of preset transmission(s)according to the time density of the PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s); and / orthe first determining module is specifically configured to determine the location(s) of the PT-RStime frequency resource of the PUSCH according to the time density of the PT-RScorresponding to the preset transmission(s) and a time set.

[044] The first determining module may be configured to determine the time densityof PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s) according to the MCS index in the MCStable corresponding to the average spectral efficiency corresponding to all the presettransmission(s) and / or the average code rate corresponding to all the preset transmission(s);and / or the first determining module is specifically configured to determine the time density ofthe PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s) by the MCS index scheduled by the DCIor configured by the higher layer signaling; and / or the first determining module is specificallyconfigured to determine the time density of the PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s)according to the MCS index in the MCS table corresponding to the actual code rate of any ofpreset transmission(s) and / or the MCS index in the MCS table corresponding to the actualspectrum efficiency of any of preset transmission(s); and / or the first determining module isspecifically configured to determine the time density of the PT-RS corresponding to the preset- 19 -transmission(s) according to the MCS index in the MCS table corresponding to the actualspectrum efficiency of the first preset transmission(s) and / or the MCS index in the MCS tablecorresponding to the actual code rate of the first preset transmission(s); and / or the firstdetermining module is specifically configured to determine a time density of the PT-RScorresponding to the preset transmission(s) according to a reference signaling density parameter,wherein, the reference signaling density parameter is configured by the base station using thehigher layer signaling or DCI; and / or the first determining module is specifically configured todetermine the time density of the PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s) as a presetvalue.

[045] Upon determining the time density of PT-RS corresponding to the presettransmission(s) by the MCS index scheduled by the DCI or configured by the higher layersignaling, the first determining module may be configured to acquire, at least one MCS table anda threshold of time density of at least one PT-RS corresponding to each of MCS tables;determine, MCS table corresponding to the preset transmission(s) from the at least one acquiredMCS table; determine, the time density of PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s),according to the MCS index scheduled by the DCI or configured by the higher layer signalingand the determined threshold of time density of the at least one PT-RS corresponding to MCStable.

[046] The time set may comprise at least one of the following: the start position ofthe TDRA of PUSCH of any of multiple preset transmission(s) or the start position of the firstpreset transmission(s), or the start position of the continuous symbol set and / or the slot of thestart position in all PUSCH preset transmission(s); the PUSCH time domain resource of any ofmultiple preset transmission(s) or the PUSCH time domain resource of any of preset - 20 -transmission(s), or the time domain resource of all preset transmission(s) actually transmitted byPUSCH.

[047] The first determining module may be configured to determine a potentialresource set not for data mapping according to the configuration information in the higher layersignaling, and determine resource set not for a data mapping according to the indicationinformation in the DCI for indicating the data channel transmission; and / or the first determiningmodule is specifically configured to determine resource set not for a data mapping set accordingto the configuration information in the higher layer signaling; and / or the first determiningmodule is specifically configured to determine the potential resource set not for data mapping bythe configuration information in the higher layer signaling, and determine the data mappingavoidance resource according to the group common DCI.

[048] In an exemplary embodiment, a user equipment (UE) is provided, comprising:one or more processors; a memory; one or more application programs stored in a memory andconfigured to be executed by one or more processors, wherein, the one or more programs areconfigured to: perform the method of data transmission according to certain embodimentsaccording to this disclosure.

[049] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer readable storage medium isprovided. The computer readable storage medium stores a computer program thereon, and whenexecuted by the processor, causes the processor to perform the method of data transmissionaccording to certain embodiments according to this disclosure.

[050] In an exemplary embodiment, a method of data transmission is provided,which is performed by a base station, comprising: determining a transmission format of datatransmission; transmitting the transmission format of data transmission by the DCI and / or the - 21 -higher layer signaling; performing the data transmission based on the transmission format of datatransmission.

[051] In an exemplary embodiment, a base station is provided, comprising: a seconddetermining module configured to determine a transmission format of data transmission; atransmission module configured to transmit the transmission format of data transmission by theDCI and / or the higher layer signaling; and a second data transmission module configured toperform the data transmission based on the transmission format of data transmission.

[052] In an exemplary embodiment, a base station is provided, comprising: one ormore processors; a memory; one or more application programs stored in a memory andconfigured to be executed by one or more processors, wherein, the one or more programs areconfigured to: perform the method of data transmission according to certain embodimentsaccording to this disclosure.

[053] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer readable storage medium isprovided. The computer readable storage medium stores a computer program thereon, and whenexecuted by the processor, causes the processor to perform the method of data transmissionaccording to certain embodiments according to this disclosure.

[054] In an exemplary embodiment, a method of performing data transmission, themethod performed by a user equipment (UE) and comprising: receiving at least one of downlinkcontrol information (DCI) or higher layer signaling from a base station; determining atransmission format of the data transmission based on at least one of the DCI or the higher layersignaling; and performing the data transmission based on the determined transmission format,wherein the transmission format comprises at least one of a time domain resource, a frequency - 22 -domain resource, a modulation scheme, a resource location for a reference signal, a transportblock size, the number of repetitions or the number of transmissions.

[055] The determining of the transmission format of the data transmission based onthe DCI or the higher layer signaling may comprise: determining a time domain resourceallocation (TDRA) set based on the higher layer signaling; determining an entry of the TDRA setaccording to the DCI; and determining the number of transmissions based on the number ofparameter sets of the determined entry of the TDRA set.

[056] A parameter set of the entry of the TDRA set may comprise at least one of aStart symbol and Length Indicator Value (SLIV) and a mapping type.

[057] The number of transmissions may be determined based on the number ofSLIVs of the determined entry of the TDRA set.

[058] The entry of TDRA set may comprise at least two parameter sets and each ofthe parameter sets corresponds to the time domain resource.

[059] The determining of the transmission format of the data transmission based onthe DCI or the higher layer signaling may comprise determining a time domain resourceallocation (TDRA) set according to the higher layer signaling; determining an entry of the TDRAset according to the DCI; and determining the number of repetitions according to the number ofparameter sets of the determined entry of the TDRA set.

[060] The method may further comprise determining a TDRA mapping methodbased on a format of the DCI received from the base station.

[061] The performing of the data transmission based on the determined transmissionformat may comprise determining at least one resource to be bypassed; and performing the datatransmission based on the determined transmission format and the at least one resource to be - 23 -bypassed, wherein the at least one resource to be bypassed comprises at least one of a resourcenot for data mapping as indicated by Radio Resource Control (RRC) or a resource that needsdata mapping avoidance dynamically indicated by the DCI.

[062] In an exemplary embodiment, a method of performing data transmission, themethod performed by a base station and comprising : determining a transmission format of datatransmission; transmitting information regarding the transmission format of the data transmission,based on at least one of downlink control information (DCI) or higher layer signaling; andperforming the data transmission based on the determined transmission format, wherein thetransmission format comprises at least one of a time domain resource, a frequency domainresource, a modulation scheme, a resource location for reference signal, a transport block size,the number of repetitions or the number of transmissions.

[063] The method may further comprise determining a TDRA mapping method; andtransmitting a DCI having a format of the DCI corresponding to the determined TDRA mappingmethod received from the base station.

[064] In an exemplary embodiment, a user equipment (UE) for performing datatransmission, the UE comprising: a transceiver; at least one processor coupled to the transceiverand configured to: receive at least one of downlink control information (DCI) or higher layersignaling from a base station, determine the transmission format of the data transmission basedon at least one of the DCI or the higher layer signaling, and perform the data transmission basedon the determined transmission format, wherein the transmission format comprises at least one ofa time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, a modulation scheme, a resource locationfor reference signal, a transport block size, the number of repetitions or the number oftransmissions.- 24 -

[065] The processor may be further configured to: determine a time domainresource allocation (TDRA) set based on the higher layer signaling, determine an entry of theTDRA set according to the DCI, and determine the number of transmissions based on thenumber of parameter sets of the determined entry of the TDRA set.

[066] A parameter set of the entry of the TDRA set may comprise at least one of aStart symbol and Length Indicator Value (SLIV) and a mapping type.

[067] The number of transmissions may be determined based on the number ofSLIVs of the determined entry of the TDRA set.

[068] The entry of TDRA set may comprise at least two parameter sets and each ofthe parameter sets corresponds to the time domain resource.

[069] The processor may be further configured to: determine a time domainresource allocation (TDRA) set according to the higher layer signaling; determine an entry of theTDRA set according to the DCI; and determine the number of repetitions according to thenumber of parameter sets of the determined entry of the TDRA set.

[070] The processor may be further configured to: determine a TDRA mappingmethod based on a format of the DCI received from the base station.

[071] The processor may be further configured to: determine at least one resource tobe bypassed; and perform the data transmission based on the determined transmission format andthe at least one resource to be bypassed, wherein the at least one resource to be bypassedcomprises at least one of a resource not for data mapping as indicated by Radio Resource Control(RRC) or a resource that needs data mapping avoidance dynamically indicated by the DCI.

[072] In an exemplary embodiment, a base station for performing data transmission,the base station comprising: a transceiver; at least one processor coupled to the transceiver and - 25 -configured to: determine a transmission format of data transmission, transmit informationregarding the transmission format of the data transmission, based on at least one of downlinkcontrol information (DCI) or higher layer signaling, and perform the data transmission based onthe determined transmission format, wherein the transmission format comprises at least one of atime domain resource, a frequency domain resource, a modulation scheme, a resource locationfor reference signal, a transport block size, the number of repetitions or the number oftransmissions.

[073] The processor may be further configured to: determine a TDRA mappingmethod; and transmit a DCI having a format of the DCI corresponding to the determined TDRAmapping method determine a TDRA mapping method based on a format of the DCI receivedfrom the base station.

[074] Certain embodiments according to the present application provide thefollowing technical effects:

[075] The present application provides a user equipment and a method of datatransmission. In various embodiments, the method of data transmission in the present applicationcomprises: receiving DCI and / or higher layer signaling transmitted by a base station;determining a transmission format of the data transmission according to the received DCI and / orthe higher layer signaling, wherein, the transmission format includes at least one of the following:a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, a preset number of transmission, amodulation scheme, a resource location for reference signal and a transport block size, andwherein, the preset number of transmission includes: a number of transmission and / or a numberof repetition; and performing the data transmission based on the transmission format of datatransmission. That is, the UE may receive the transmission format of data transmission - 26 -configured by the base station, including at least one of the following: a time domain resource, afrequency domain resource, a preset number of transmission, a modulation scheme, a resourcelocation for reference signal and a transport block size, and perform the data transmissionaccording to the transmission format received from the base station, thereby solving the problemthat the transmission format such as the modulation scheme, the reference signal, the resourceposition in each preset transmission is difficult to be determined due to the different lengths ofthe symbols used in each actual preset transmission.

[076] The present application provides a base station and a method of datatransmission. In certain embodiments, the method of data transmission in the present applicationcomprises: determining a transmission format of data transmission; transmitting the transmissionformat of data transmission by the DCI and / or the higher layer signaling; performing the datatransmission based on the transmission format of data transmission. That is, when the basestation determines the transmission format of data transmission, the determined transmissionformat of data transmission may be transmitted to UE by the DCI and / or the higher layersignaling, such that UE acquires the transmission format required by the data transmission, andthe data transmission is performed after acquiring the transmission format, to solve the problemthat the transmission format such as the modulation scheme, the reference signal, the resourceposition in each preset transmission is difficult to be determined due to the different lengths ofthe symbols used in each actual preset transmission.

[077] Before undertaking the DETAILED DESCRIPTION below, it may beadvantageous to set forth definitions of certain words and phrases used throughout this patentdocument: the terms “include” and “comprise,” as well as derivatives thereof, mean inclusionwithout limitation; the term “or,” is inclusive, meaning and / or; the phrases “associated with” and - 27 -“associated therewith,” as well as derivatives thereof, may mean to include, be included within,interconnect with, contain, be contained within, connect to or with, couple to or with, becommunicable with, cooperate with, interleave, juxtapose, be proximate to, be bound to or with,have, have a property of, or the like; and the term “controller” means any device, system or partthereof that controls at least one operation, such a device may be implemented in hardware,firmware or software, or some combination of at least two of the same. It should be noted thatthe functionality associated with any particular controller may be centralized or distributed,whether locally or remotely.

[078] Moreover, various functions described below can be implemented orsupported by one or more computer programs, each of which is formed from computer readableprogram code and embodied in a computer readable medium. The terms “application” and“program” refer to one or more computer programs, software components, sets of instructions,procedures, functions, objects, classes, instances, related data, or a portion thereof adapted forimplementation in a suitable computer readable program code. The phrase “computer readableprogram code” includes any type of computer code, including source code, object code, andexecutable code. The phrase “computer readable medium” includes any type of medium capableof being accessed by a computer, such as read only memory (ROM), random access memory(RAM), a hard disk drive, a compact disc (CD), a digital video disc (DVD), or any other type ofmemory. A “non-transitory” computer readable medium excludes wired, wireless, optical, orother communication links that transport transitory electrical or other signals. A non-transitorycomputer readable medium includes media where data can be permanently stored and mediawhere data can be stored and later overwritten, such as a rewritable optical disc or an erasablememory device.- 28 -

[079] Definitions for certain words and phrases are provided throughout this patentdocument, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that in many, if not most instances,such definitions apply to prior, as well as future uses of such defined words and phrases.- 29 -DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[098] FIGS. 1 through 11, discussed below, and the various embodiments used todescribe the principles of the present disclosure in this patent document are by way of illustrationonly and should not be construed in any way to limit the scope of the disclosure. Those skilledin the art will understand that the principles of the present disclosure may be implemented in anysuitably arranged system or device.

[099] The term “couple” and its derivatives refer to any direct or indirectcommunication between two or more elements, whether or not those elements are in physicalcontact with one another. The terms “transmit,” “receive,” and “communicate,” as well asderivatives thereof, encompass both direct and indirect communication. The terms “include” and“comprise,” as well as derivatives thereof, mean inclusion without limitation. The term “or” isinclusive, meaning and / or. The phrase “associated with,” as well as derivatives thereof, means toinclude, be included within, interconnect with, contain, be contained within, connect to or with,couple to or with, be communicable with, cooperate with, interleave, juxtapose, be proximate to,be bound to or with, have, have a property of, have a relationship to or with, or the like. The term"processor" or “controller” means any device, system or part thereof that controls at least oneoperation. Such a controller may be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware andsoftware and / or firmware. The functionality associated with any particular controller may becentralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely. The phrase “at least one of,” when usedwith a list of items, means that different combinations of one or more of the listed items may beused, and only one item in the list may be needed. For example, “at least one of: A, B, and C”includes any of the following combinations: A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, and A and Band C.- 32 -

[0100] Moreover, various functions described below can be implemented orsupported by one or more computer programs, each of which is formed from computer readableprogram code and embodied in a computer readable medium. The terms “application” and“program” refer to one or more computer programs, software components, sets of instructions,procedures, functions, objects, classes, instances, related data, or a portion thereof adapted forimplementation in a suitable computer readable program code. The phrase “computer readableprogram code” includes any type of computer code, including source code, object code, andexecutable code. The phrase “computer readable medium” includes any type of medium capableof being accessed by a computer, such as read only memory (ROM), random access memory(RAM), a hard disk drive, a compact disc (CD), a digital video disc (DVD), or any other type ofmemory. A “non-transitory” computer readable medium excludes wired, wireless, optical, orother communication links that transport transitory electrical or other signals. A non-transitorycomputer readable medium includes media where data can be permanently stored and mediawhere data can be stored and later overwritten, such as a rewritable optical disc or an erasablememory device.

[0101] Definitions for other certain words and phrases are provided throughout thisdisclosure. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that in many if not most instances,such definitions apply to prior as well as future uses of such defined words and phrases.

[0102] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail hereafter.The examples of these embodiments have been illustrated in the drawings throughout whichsame or similar reference numerals refer to same or similar elements or elements having same orsimilar functions. The embodiments described hereafter with reference to the drawings are - 33 -illustrative, merely used for explaining the present invention and should not be regarded as anylimitations thereto.

[0103] It should be understood by those skill in the art that singular forms “a”, “an”,“the”, and “said” may be intended to include plural forms as well, unless otherwise stated. Itshould be further understood that terms “include / including” used in this specification specify thepresence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but notexclusive of the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations,elements, components, and / or combinations thereof. It should be understood that when acomponent is referred to as being “connected to” or “coupled to” another component, it may bedirectly connected or coupled to other elements or provided with intervening elementstherebetween. In addition, “connected to” or “coupled to” as used herein may include wirelessconnection or coupling. As used herein, term “and / or” includes all or any of one or moreassociated listed entries or combinations thereof.

[0104] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the presentapplication more clear, the embodiments of the present application will be further described indetail below with reference to the drawings.

[0105] FIG.1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system 100according to certain embodiments of the present application, wherein, the wirelesscommunication system 100 includes one or more fixed infrastructure units that form a networkdistributed over a geographic area. The infrastructure unit may include an AP (Access Point), anAT (Access Terminal), a BS (Base Station), a Node-B (Node B), an eNB (evolved NodeB, anevolved base station), and a gNB (Next generation base station) and so on.- 34 -

[0106] Referring to the non-limiting example of FIG.1, an infrastructure unit 101 andan infrastructure unit 102 (for example, a base station) may provide services for a number ofMSs (mobile stations) or UEs or terminal devices or user equipments 103 and user equipments104 in a service area. The service area is a cell or within a sector range of the cell. In somesystems, one or more BSs are communicatively coupled to a controller forming an accessnetwork, the controller is communicatively coupled to one or more core networks. This exampleis not limited to any particular wireless communication system.

[0107] In the time domain and / or frequency domain, the infrastructure unit 101 andthe infrastructure unit 102 may transmit Downlink (DL) communication signal 112 and DLcommunication signal 113 to the MS or the user equipment (UE)103 and the UE 104,respectively. The MS or UE 103 may communicate with the infrastructure unit (for example, abase station) 101 via Uplink (UL) communication signals 111 and 114, and the MS or UE 104communicates with the infrastructure unit 102 via the UL communication signal 114.

[0108] In one embodiment, the mobile communication system 100 may be an OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) / OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiple Access) including multiple base stations and multiple UEs. A plurality of base stationsincludes a base station 101 and a base station 102, and a plurality of UEs includes a UE 103 anda UE 104. Base station 101 communicates with UE 103 via UL communication signal 111 andDL communication signal 112.

[0109] When a base station has a downlink packet to be transmitted to the UE, eachUE may obtain a downlink allocation (resource), such as a group of radio resources in a PhysicalDownlink Shared Channel (PDSCH). When the UE needs to send a packet to the base station inthe uplink, the UE obtains the grant from the base station, wherein, the grant allocation includes - 35 -a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) of the uplink radio resource. The UE may acquiredownlink scheduling information or uplink scheduling information from a Physical DownlinkControl Channel (PDCCH) dedicated to itself. The downlink information (including downlinkscheduling information and other control information) or uplink information (including uplinkscheduling information and other control information) carried by the PDCCH may be calledDownlink Control Information (DCI).

[0110] The non-limiting example of FIG.1 also shows different physical channels fora downlink 112 and an uplink 111 examples. In certain embodiments, downlink 112 includes aPDCCH 121, a PDSCH 122, a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) 123, and a PrimarySynchronization Signal (PSS) / Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) 124. In certainembodiments, in the 5G NR, the PSS, the SSS and the PBCH together constitute one SSB(SS / PBCH block) 125. The PDCCH 121 may transmit a DCI 120 to the UE, that is, the DCI 120may be carried by the PDCCH 121. The PDSCH 122 may transmit downlink data information tothe UE. The PBCH may carry a Master Information Block (MIB) for early UE discovery andcell-wide coverage. The uplink 111 may include a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)131 carrying Uplink Control Information (UCI) 130, a PUSCH 132 carrying uplink datainformation, and a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) 133 carrying random accessinformation.

[0111] In addition to the traditional cellular networking mode, certain embodimentsaccording to the present application are also applicable to a resource allocation method forsidelink transmission. As used in this disclosure, sidelink transmission encompasses tocommunication between terminals.- 36 -

[0112] In at least one embodiment, the wireless communication system 100 may usean OFDMA or a multi-carrier architecture, including Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)on the downlink and a next-generation single-carrier FDMA architecture for UL transmission ora multi-carrier OFDMA architecture for UL transmission. FDMA-based single carrierarchitecture may include at least one of following: Interleaved FDMA (IFDMA), LocalizedFDMA ( LFDMA ), IFDMA, or DFT-spread OFDM (DFT-SOFDM, extended discrete Fouriertransform) of the LFDMA. In addition, various enhanced non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) architectures of the OFDMA system are also included.

[0113] Exemplary OFDMA protocols may include the developed LTE and 5G NR inthe 3GPP UMTS standard, as well as the IEEE 802.16 and a series of standards in the IEEEstandard. The architecture may also include the use of transmission technologies, such asmulti-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA), multi-carrier direct sequence CDMA (MC-DS-CDMA),Orthogonal Frequency and Code Division Multiplexing (OFCDM). Alternatively, simpler timedivision multiplexing and / or frequency division multiplexing multiple access techniques, or anycombination of these techniques, may be employed. In one exemplary embodiment, thecommunication system may use other cellular communication system protocols, including, butnot limited to, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) or Code Division Multiple Access(Direct Sequence CDMA).

[0114] In the NR system, the transmission format of the uplink data channel and thetransmission format of the downlink data channel (such as time domain resources, frequencydomain resources, a preset number of transmission, modulation scheme, transport block size, etc.)may be indicated (such as Type 1 uplink configuration grant (GC)) by the DCI or higher layersignaling (for example, Radio Resource Control (RRC), wherein, some parameters of Type 2 - 37 -uplink configuration grant and downlink semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) are indicated byactivating the DCI. The transmission format of the uplink data channel and the transmissionformat of the downlink data channel for the dynamic grant are respectively indicated by the DCIformats indicating the uplink data channel and the downlink data channel. In the embodiments ofthe present application, one or more parameters of the transmission format of the data channelmay be indicated by the DCI or RRC.

[0115] The technical solutions of the present application and how the technicalsolutions of the present application solve the above technical problems are described in detailwith reference to the following illustrative embodiments. The following illustrative embodimentsmay be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not bedescribed in some embodiments. Certain embodiments of the present application will bedescribed below with reference to the drawings.

[0116] Certain embodiments according to the present application provide a method ofdata transmission, and in particular, provide a transmission method for performing presettransmission, such as shown in the example of FIG.2A, which includes:

[0117] Step S201: receiving DCI and / or higher layer signaling transmitted by thebase station.

[0118] Step S202: determining a transmission format of the data transmissionaccording to the received DCI and / or higher layer signaling.

[0119] In certain embodiments, the transmission format includes at least one of thefollowing: a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, a preset number oftransmission, a modulation scheme, a resource location for reference signal, and a transport - 38 -block size, wherein, the preset number of transmission includes: a number of transmission and / ora number of repetition; and

[0120] Step S203: performing the data transmission based on the transmission formatof data transmission.

[0121] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the foregoing steps S201, S202, andS203 are not limited to the execution sequence shown in FIG.2A, and any possible executionsequence is within the protection scope of the present application.

[0122] In various embodiments, the step S202 may specifically include: step S2021(not shown) and step S2022 (not shown), in which,

[0123] In various embodiments, at Step S2021 a TDRA set according to the higherlayer signaling, wherein, at least one entry of TDRA set includes multiple parameter sets ofTDRA that are used to indicate the time domain resource is determined.

[0124] In certain embodiments, at Step S2022 one entry of the TDRA set accordingto the DCI, and determining the preset number of transmission according to the number ofparameter set of TDRA in the entry is determined.

[0125] In some embodiments, step S203 may include at least one of following: stepS2031a (not shown), step S2031b (not shown), and step S2032 (not shown), wherein,

[0126] In certain embodiments, at Step S2031a, data corresponding to all sets ofTDRA parameters for k times is retransmitted;

[0127] In various embodiments, at Step S2031b: when the determined preset numberof transmission k is greater than the number of parameter set of the TDRA included in one entryof the determined TDRA set, data corresponding to the partial sets of TDRA parametersaccording to a predefined rule or rule pre-configured by the base station is retransmitted.- 39 -

[0128] Is some embodiments, at Step S2032, when the determined preset number oftransmission k is not greater than the number of parameter set of the TDRA included in one entryof the determined TDRA set, data corresponding to the first k sets of TDRA parameters inTDRA set is retransmitted.

[0129] In at least one exemplary embodiment, the step S202 may include: at least oneof step S2023 (not shown) and step S2024 (not shown), in which,

[0130] In various embodiments, at Step S2023 a TDRA set according to the higherlayer signaling is determined, and one entry of the TDRA set according to the DCI and TDRAset is determined.

[0131] In some embodiments, at least one entry of the TDRA set comprises multipleparameter sets of TDRA.

[0132] At Step S2024 the preset number of transmissions according to the indicationinformation indicating the preset number of transmission in the DCI and / or the higher layersignaling is determined.

[0133] In certain embodiments, step S202 may include: step S2025 (not shown), stepS2026 (not shown), and step S2027 (not shown.

[0134] According to various embodiments, at Step S2025, a candidate setpre-configured by the base station is acquired.

[0135] In certain embodiments, the candidate set includes multiple presetcombinations, and the preset combination includes at least one of the following: a slot offset, acombination of a start and length indicator SLIV, a start position S and a time domain length L,wherein, each preset combination is provided with a corresponding index.- 40 -

[0136] In some embodiments, at Step S2026, the indication information transmittedby the base station is acquired.

[0137] In certain embodiments, the indication information is used to indicate one ofthe indexes corresponding to the preset combination;

[0138] According to certain embodiments, acquiring the indication informationtransmitted by the base station, comprises: acquiring a TDRA set transmitted by the base station.

[0139] In certain embodiments, each entry of the TDRA set includes one or morepieces of indication information; and

[0140] At Step S2027 the transmission format of data transmission based on thecandidate set pre-configured by the base station and the indication information transmitted by thebase station is determined.

[0141] In an exemplary embodiment, the step S202 may include: step S2028 (notshown).

[0142] At Step S2028, it is determined that one entry of the TDRA set includesmultiple sets of time domain resource parameters, determining a time domain position of a firstdemodulation signal (DMRS) for the data transmission according to a relative start position ofeach preset transmission in each parameter set of time domain resource.

[0143] In an exemplary embodiment, the step S202 may include: at least one of stepS2029 (not shown) and step 202a (not shown), wherein,

[0144] According to some embodiments, at Step S2029, a fixed modulation schemeaccording to the received DCI and / or the higher layer signaling is determined.

[0145] In certain embodiments, the fixed modulation scheme is a modulation schemeadopted by each preset transmission.- 41 -

[0146] At Step S202a the modulation scheme adopted by at least one presettransmission according to an actual transmission efficiency and / or a code rate is determined.

[0147] In certain embodiments, the actual transmission efficiency and / or the coderate are acquired by the received DCI and / or the higher layer signaling.

[0148] In an exemplary embodiment, step S202 may include: step S202b (not shown)and step S202c (not shown).

[0149] In various embodiments, at Step S202b, a modulation and code scheme (MCS)index indicated in the DCI and / or the higher layer signaling is acquired.

[0150] In at least one embodiment, at Step S202c, the modulation scheme adopted bythe first preset transmission(s) according to the MCS index is determined.

[0151] In an exemplary embodiment, the step S202c may include: determining themodulation scheme adopted by the first preset transmission(s) includes: determining themodulation scheme adopted by the first preset transmission(s) as the modulation schemecorresponding to the MCS index in a MCS index table; and / or adjusting a modulation order if thecode rate corresponding to the MCS index is greater than the preset threshold when used for thefirst preset transmission(s), and determining the modulation scheme adopted by the first presettransmission(s) based on the adjusted modulation order.

[0152] In an exemplary embodiment, step S202a may include: step S202a1 (notshown), step S202a2 (not shown), and step S202a3 (not shown).

[0153] In some embodiments, at Step S202a1, the TBS, wherein, the TB is a TBcorresponding to the PUSCH or a TB corresponding to the PDSCH, is determined.

[0154] At Step S202a2 a code rate and / or a spectral efficiency adopted by the at leastone preset transmission according to at least one of the following is determined:- 42 -

[0155] TBS, or the number of symbols actually transmitted by the at least one presettransmission.

[0156] According to various embodiments, at Step S202a3, the modulation schemeadopted by the at least one preset transmission is determined according to at least one of thefollowing:

[0157] The code rate adopted by the at least one preset transmission, the spectralefficiency adopted by the at least one preset transmission, predefined TBS table, code ratethreshold and spectrum efficiency threshold.

[0158] In an exemplary embodiment, determining the modulation scheme adopted bythe at least one preset transmission according to the code rate adopted by the at least one presettransmission and / or the spectral efficiency adopted by the at least one preset transmission as wellas the predefined TBS table, comprises: determining, in the predefined TBS table, a row whichthe first code rate and / or the first spectral efficiency are corresponding to according to the coderate and / or the spectral efficiency adopted by the at least one preset transmission; anddetermining a modulation scheme adopted by the at least one preset transmission according to amodulation order indicated by the row which the first code rate and / or the first spectralefficiency are corresponding to.

[0159] In various embodiments, the first code rate and / or the first spectral efficiencyis: a code rate and / or a spectral efficiency closest to the code rate and / or the spectral efficiencyadopted by the at least one preset transmission in a predefined TBS table.

[0160] In an exemplary embodiment, step S202 may include at least one of following:step S202d (not shown), step S202e (not shown), and step S202f (not shown).- 43 -

[0161] In some embodiments, at step S202d: a time density of the phase trackingreference signal (PT-RS) corresponding to the preset transmission(s) according to the receivedDCI and / or the higher layer signaling is determined.

[0162] In some embodiments, at Step S202e the time domain locations of the PT-RScorresponding to all the preset transmission(s) or the time domain location of the PT-RScorresponding to any of preset transmission(s) according to the time density of the PT-RScorresponding to the preset transmission(s) are determined.

[0163] At Step S202f the location(s) of the time-frequency resource of the PT-RS ofthe PUSCH according to the time density of the PT-RS corresponding to the presettransmission(s) and a time set are determined.

[0164] In certain embodiments, the time set comprises: the start position of theTDRA of PUSCH of any of multiple preset transmission(s) or the start position of the first presettransmission(s), or the start position of the continuous symbol set and / or the slot of the startposition of in all PUSCH preset transmission(s); and / or the time domain resource of PUSCH ofany of multiple preset transmission(s) or the time domain resource of PUSCH of any of presettransmission(s), or the time domain resource of all preset transmission(s) actually transmitted byPUSCH.

[0165] The above method (such as S202d, S202e, S202f) is also applicable to PT-RSin PDSCH.

[0166] Specifically, Step S202d may include: Step S202d1 (not shown), Step S202d2(not shown), Step S202d3 (not shown), Step S202d4 (not shown), Step S202d5 (not shown) andStep S202d6 (not shown).- 44 -

[0167] In some embodiments, at Step S202d1, the time density of PT-RScorresponding to the preset transmission(s) according to the MCS index in the MCS tablecorresponding to the average spectral efficiency corresponding to all the preset transmission(s)and / or the average code rate corresponding to all the preset transmission(s) is determined.

[0168] At Step S202d2, the time density of PT-RS corresponding to the presettransmission(s) by the MCS index scheduled by the DCI or configured by the higher layersignaling is determined.

[0169] At Step S202d3, the time density of PT-RS corresponding to the presettransmission(s) according to the MCS index in the MCS table corresponding to the actual coderate of any of preset transmission(s) and / or the MCS index in the MCS table corresponding to theactual spectrum efficiency of any of preset transmission(s) is determined.

[0170] At Step S202d4 the time density of PT-RS corresponding to the presettransmission(s) according to the MCS index in the MCS table corresponding to the actualspectrum efficiency of the first preset transmission(s) and / or the MCS index in the MCS tablecorresponding to the actual code rate of the first preset transmission(s).

[0171] Step S202d5 comprises determining a time density of PT-RS corresponding tothe preset transmission(s) according to a reference signaling density parameter, wherein, thereference signaling density parameter is configured by the base station using the higher layersignaling or DCI.

[0172] According to various embodiments, at Step S202d6: determining the timedensity of PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s) as a preset value is determined.

[0173] Specifically, step S202d2 may further comprise: acquiring, at least one MCStable and a threshold of time density of at least one PT-RS corresponding to each of MCS table.- 45 -

[0174] Step S202d2 may further comprise determining, a MCS table correspondingto the preset transmission(s) from the at least one acquired MCS table.

[0175] In certain embodiments, the time density of PT-RS corresponding to the presettransmission(s), according to the MCS index scheduled by the DCI or configured by the higherlayer signaling and the determined threshold of time density of the at least one PT-RScorresponding to the MCS table is determined.

[0176] In an exemplary embodiment, step S202 may include at least one of following:Step S202g (not shown), Step S202h (not shown), and Step S202i (not shown).

[0177] According to various embodiments, at Step S202g a potential resource set notfor data mapping according to the configuration information in the higher layer signaling, anddetermining resource set not for a data mapping according to the indication information in theDCI for indicating the data channel transmission is determined.

[0178] In some embodiments, at Step S202ha resource set not for a data mapping setaccording to the configuration information in the higher layer signaling is determined.

[0179] Step S202imay comprise determining the potential resource set not for datamapping by the configuration information in the higher layer signaling, and determining the datamapping avoidance resource according to the group common DCI.

[0180] In an exemplary embodiment, the UE receives at least one of downlinkcontrol information (DCI) or higher layer signaling from a base station, determines atransmission format of the data transmission based on at least one of the DCI or the higher layersignaling and performs the data transmission based on the determined transmission format.Furthermore, the transmission format may comprises at least one of a time domain resource, a - 46 -frequency domain resource, a modulation scheme, a resource location for a reference signal, atransport block size, the number of repetitions or the number of transmissions.

[0181] In an exemplary embodiment, the UE may determines a time domain resourceallocation (TDRA) set based on the higher layer signaling; determines an entry of the TDRA setaccording to the DCI; and determines the number of transmissions based on the number ofparameter sets of the determined entry of the TDRA set.

[0182] In an exemplary embodiment, a parameter set of the entry of the TDRA setmay comprise at least one of a Start symbol and Length Indicator Value (SLIV) and a mappingtype.

[0183] In an exemplary embodiment, the number of transmissions may be determinedbased on the number of SLIVs of the determined entry of the TDRA set.

[0184] In an exemplary embodiment, the entry of TDRA set may comprise at leasttwo parameter sets and each of the parameter sets corresponds to the time domain resource.

[0185] In an exemplary embodiment, the UE may determine a time domain resourceallocation (TDRA) set according to the higher layer signaling; determines an entry of the TDRAset according to the DCI; and determines the number of repetitions according to the number ofparameter sets of the determined entry of the TDRA set.

[0186] In an exemplary embodiment, the UE may determine a TDRA mappingmethod based on a format of the DCI received from the base station.

[0187] In an exemplary embodiment, the UE may determine at least one resource tobe bypassed; and perform the data transmission based on the determined transmission format andthe at least one resource to be bypassed. - 47 -

[0188] In an exemplary embodiment, the at least one resource to be bypassed maycomprise at least one of a resource not for data mapping as indicated by Radio Resource Control(RRC) or a resource that needs data mapping avoidance dynamically indicated by the DCI.

[0189] Certain embodiments according to the present application provide a method ofdata transmission. In certain embodiments, the method of data transmission in the presentapplication comprises: receiving DCI and / or higher layer signaling transmitted by a base station;determining a transmission format of data transmission according to the received DCI and / or thehigher layer signaling, wherein, the transmission format includes at least one of the following: atime domain resource, a frequency domain resource, a preset number of transmission, amodulation scheme, a resource location for reference signal and a transport block size, andwherein, the preset number of transmission includes: a number of transmission and / or a numberof repetition; and performing the data transmission based on the transmission format of datatransmission. That is, the UE may receive the transmission format of data transmissionconfigured by the base station, including at least one of the following: a time domain resource, afrequency domain resource, a preset number of transmission, a modulation scheme, a resourcelocation for reference signal and a transport block size, and perform the data transmissionaccording to the transmission format received by the base station, thereby solving the problemthat the transmission format such as the modulation scheme, the reference signal, the resourceposition in each preset transmission is difficult to be determined due to the different lengths ofthe symbols used in each actual preset transmission.

[0190] In addition, the preset transmission (transmission and / or retransmission) canbe an actual transmission or a nominal transmission. The nominal transmission is a transmissionconfigured by the base station to the UE. The actual transmission is segmented into at least two- 48 -transmissions on the resource other than the resource not available for transmission, when thereis resource not available for transmission within the allocated nominal transmission.. In addition,when the nominal transmission crosses a slot boundary, it may be divided into two transportblocks by the slot boundary for transmission, for example, semi-static or dynamically configuredsymbol(s) opposite to the transmission direction, or flexible symbol(s), or the resourceconfigured by the base station that cannot be used for uplink or downlink transmission. Wherein,the flexible symbol(s) are symbol(s) that can be rewritten into another direction. For example,the flexible symbol(s) can be rewritten as uplink or downlink symbol(s) or can be maintained asflexible symbol(s) by dynamic indication.

[0191] In an exemplary embodiment, a method of data transmission, which isperformed by a base station, as shown in FIG.2, comprises the following operations:

[0192] S301: which comprises determining a transmission format of datatransmission.

[0193] S302, which comprises transmitting the transmission format of datatransmission by the DCI and / or the higher layer signaling.

[0194] S303, which comprises performing the data transmission based on thetransmission format of data transmission.

[0195] In an exemplary embodiment, the transmission format includes at least one ofthe following: a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, a preset number oftransmission, a modulation scheme, a resource location for reference signal, and a transportblock size, wherein, the preset number of transmission includes: a number of transmission and / ora number of repetitions. In certain embodiments,, the execution sequence of the steps S301, S302, - 49 -and S303 are not limited to the execution sequence shown in FIG.2B, and any possible executionsequence is within the protection scope of the present application.

[0196] In an exemplary embodiment, the base station determines a transmissionformat of data transmission; transmits information regarding the transmission format of the datatransmission, based on at least one of downlink control information (DCI) or higher layersignaling; and performs the data transmission based on the determined transmission format.

[0197] In an exemplary embodiment, the transmission format may comprise at leastone of a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, a modulation scheme, a resourcelocation for reference signal, a transport block size, the number of repetitions or the number oftransmissions.

[0198] In an exemplary embodiment, the base station may determine a TDRAmapping method; and transmit a predetermined format of the DCI corresponding to thedetermined TDRA mapping method received from the base station. The present applicationfurther provides a method of data transmission. In certain embodiments, the method of datatransmission in certain embodiments of the present application comprises: determining atransmission format of data transmission; transmitting the transmission format of datatransmission by the DCI and / or the higher layer signaling; performing the data transmissionbased on the transmission format of data transmission. That is, in certain embodiments of thepresent application, when the base station determines the transmission format of datatransmission, the determined transmission format of data transmission may be transmitted to UEby the DCI and / or the higher layer signaling, such that that UE acquires the transmission formatrequired by the data transmission, and the data transmission is performed after acquiring thetransmission format, to solve the problem that the transmission format such as the modulation - 50 -scheme, the reference signal, the resource position in each preset transmission is difficult to bedetermined due to the different lengths of the symbols used in each actual preset transmission.

[0199] The following describes a method of data transmission by a specificembodiment, as following:

[0200] Certain embodiments describe how to indicate the SLIV of the start symbol Sand the length L (joint coding) in the TDRA.

[0201] In the NR system of some embodiments, the base station configures the set forTDRAs by the RRC, and further dynamically indicates one of them through the DCI. In theRel-15 NR system, each entry in the set of TDRAs configured by the higher layer signalingincludes: slot offset K2 (which is used to determine the start slot of PUSCH transmission),mapping type (type A and type B of DMRS mapping)), the SLIV being indicated for providingthe start symbol S and the length L (joint coding) or directly indicating the start symbol S and thelength L, demodulation reference signal (DMRS) position (dmrs-TypeA-Position in the NRprotocol).

[0202] The PUSCH is taken as an example in following. The same method is appliedto the PDSCH.PUSCH-TimeDomainResourceAllocation ::= SEQUENCE {k2 INTEGER(0..32) OPTIONAL, -- Need SmappingType ENUMERATED {typeA, typeB}, startSymbolAndLength INTEGER (0..127)}

[0203] - The slot in which the UE transmits the PUSCH is determined by K2 as 。- 51 -

[0204] In certain embodiments, is the slot in which the DCI is scheduled, isdetermined based on the numerology of the PUSCH, and the µPUSCH and µPDCCH are thesubcarrier spacing of the PUSCH and the PDCCH, respectively, and

[0205] - The start symbol S assigned to the PUSCH with respect to the start slot, andthe number L of consecutive symbols calculated from the symbol S are determined in thefollowing manner and according to the SLIV corresponding to the row of the index:If (L-1) ≤ 7 there is SLIV = 14 x (L-1) + S, otherwise, SLIV = 14 x (14 - L + 1) + (14 -1-S)Wherein, 0 < L ≤14 - S, and

[0206] - Setting the mapping type of the PUSCH based on the PUSCH mapping typeof Type A and Type B manners defined in section 6.4.1.1.3 of the protocol TS 38.211 accordingto the mapping type corresponding to the row of the index.

[0207] In order to reduce the latency and ensure the reliability, in the meantime inorder to handling the different UL / DL symbol configurations and different uplink and downlinkslot configurations in different slots. A TDRA set may be designed to include multiple parametersets of TDRA, wherein, the TDRA parameters include: SLIV or directly indicating a startposition S and an allocation length L, and / or a slot offset K2 value and / or a mapping type. Forexample, the configuration shown in Table 1 may be configured by the RRC, in which it is notnecessary to respectively indicate the PUSCH mapping type for each parameter set of TDRA. Inthis way, the base station may have sufficient flexibility to select a suitable set of configurationsaccording to factors such as UL / DL configuration, SRS configuration, etc., currently used in thesystem. Since all parameters may be configured by the RRC, this method may support multiplescenarios such as multiple transmissions in one slot and repetition across different slots. In Table - 52 -1, each parameter set include a slot offset K2 and a respectively configured start position S andan allocation length L, and the data mapping types are the same. In another example, themapping type of the data may be different. In addition, in the resource allocation table can beconfigured in the system, or one or more parameter sets of resource allocation can be configuredby the RRC, wherein, the directly indicated start position S and the allocation length L may alsobe indicated by the SLIV. Further, Table 1 may be extended to more sets of parameters, wherein,the number of sets of parameters may be configured by the RRC.

[0208] In the Rel-15 NR system, the number of repetition k is configured by the RRC,and in the LTE system, the number of repetition k is dynamically indicated by the DCI. For amethod in which each index in one TDRA set may include at least one or more sets of TDRAparameters, the number of repetition k may be indicated by the following exemplary methods:

[0209] Method A: determining according to the number of parameter set of TDRA inthe TDRA set.

[0210] Specifically, for example, in Table 1, there are two sets of parameters in theindexes 1 to 10, and only one parameter set in the indexes 11 to 16. For the indexes 1 to 10, itmeans that there is k (wherein, k=2) repetitions, and for the indexes 11 to 16, it means there is k(wherein, k=1) repetition.

[0211] Method B: The base station is indicated by other domain(s) or otherinformation element(s) (IE) in the DCI or RRC.

[0212] In this case, the number of parameter set of TDRA in each entry of the TDRAset may be different from the number of repetition k configured by the base station. At this time,the number of repetition actually used for transmission may be determined by at least one of thefollowing manners:

[0213] Manner 1: All data transmission indicated by the entire set of TDRAparameter(s) are repeated wholly.- 54 -

[0214] For example, as shown in FIG.3A, one entry of the TDRA set indicates twosets of time domain resources, which are transmitted in symbols 1~4 in slot n and in symbols5~13 in slot n respectively. In addition, the UE obtains the number of repetition k=2 from thebase station, and all transmissions indicated by the entire set of TDRA parameter(s) are repeatedentirely. repetition may be performed continuously (i.e., starting from the next available symbol).Or, as shown in FIG.3A, the repetition may be performed on the same resource in the next slotn+1, that is, the transmission indicated by the first set of time domain resources are retransmittedon the symbols 1~4 of the slot n+1 and the data indicated by the second set of time domainresources is transmitted on the symbols 5~13. At this time, the number of actually transmitteddata is the number of sets m indicated by the entry multiplied by the number of repetition k.

[0215] Manner 2: A part of the PUSCH transmission is repeated according to apredefined rule or a rule configured by the base station.

[0216] For example, only the data transmission indicated by the last X sets ofparameters is repeated, wherein, X is predefined in the standard or configured by signaling. Or,the base station selects to repeat the data transmission indicated by one or several sets ofparameters according to the remaining number of symbols in each slot.

[0217] Specifically, as shown in the illustrative example of FIG.3B, one entry of theTDRA set indicates two sets of time domain resources, which are transmitted in symbols 5~11 inslot n and in symbols 1~11 in slot n+1, respectively. If the number of repetition is k=4, only thelast k-1 sets of parameters are repeated according to the configuration of the base station or thepredefined rule in the standard. The transmission indicated by the first parameter set is the firstrepetition, the transmission indicated by the second parameter set is the second repetition, andthe subsequent two repetitions are determined according to the resource indicated by the second - 55 -parameter set. That is, the third repetition occupies symbols 1~11 in slot n+2, and the thirdrepetition occupies symbols 1~11 in slot n+3. Similarly, when the number of sets m of timedomain resource parameters indicated for transmission in the TDRA is less than k, thetransmission is performed in the first m times according to the indication in the TDRA, and thetransmission is performed in the latter k-m times according to the indication of the mthparameter set. The latter k-m sets may be transmitted on the latter k-m slots with the start symbolposition S indicated and the position of the symbol length L by the mth parameter set. Or,continue the transmission from the next available symbol according to the symbol length L in themth parameter set.

[0218] Manner 3: When the number of repetition k is not greater than the number ofparameter set of TDRA, the data transmission is performed according to the first k sets ofparameters.

[0219] Or, it may be defined by a protocol: a scenario in which the number ofrepetition k is not equal to and / or greater than the number of sets of parameter is not supported.Then, in this case, in combination with the method of data transmission according to the first ksets of parameters when the number of repetition k is greater than the number of parameter set ofTDRA, a set of TDRA set may be further configured to indicate more scenarios. At this time, kmay be dynamically indicated by the DCI, which may better adapt to channel changes andservice requirements. However, this method requires additional overhead to indicate the numberof repetition k (e.g., RRC or DCI). If the same overhead is utilized, a similar effect may beobtained for Method A by increasing the number of entries in the TDRA set. For example, a4-bit TDRA indication may be extended to 5 or 6 bits to indicate a state in 32 or 64.- 56 -

[0220] However, constructing a more flexible TDRA set with more bits willadditionally introduce more RRC overheads. For example, there are 16 entries originally, twosets of parameters in each entry need two 7 bits to indicate the SLIV, then a total of 16*7 = 112bits are needed for completion. According to certain embodiments, the expansion to 32 entriesrequires twice the RRC overhead for completion. Certain embodiments of the present applicationfurther provides a method for configuring signaling of TDRA: configuring a combination ofmultiple sets of candidate parameters; indicating at least one entry in the combination as eachentry in the TDRA set.

[0221] Specifically, in certain embodiments, methods for configuring signaling ofTDRA comprise:

[0222] - Pre-configuring candidate set {K2, SLIV} and indexing from 0~m-1

[0223] - Using log2(m) bits to indicate a combination of {k2, SLIV} in thecandidate set

[0224] This method may effectively reduce the RRC signaling overhead, where  isthe upper ceiling operation.

[0225] Furthermore, this method may define S+L<=14 and L<=14 to control thenumber of bits of the SLIV.

[0226] The following illustrate how to determine the position of the DMRS accordingto certain embodiments of this disclosure:

[0227] In the NR, the reference point for determining the time domain position ofthe reference signal and the position of the first DMRS symbol are determined as follows:

[0228] For the Type A of PUSCH mapping:- 57 -

[0229] - if the frequency hopping of frequency domain is disabled, is defined asthe start position of the slot; if the frequency hopping of frequency domain is enabled, isdefined as the start position relative to each frequency hopping;

[0230] - is given according to the higher layer parameter: dmrs-TypeA-Position;

[0231] For the Type B of PUSCH mapping:

[0232] - if the frequency hopping of frequency domain is disabled, is defined asthe start position of scheduled PUSCH resource, and if the frequency hopping of frequencydomain is enabled, is defined as the start position relative to each frequency hopping;

[0233] - ;

[0234] For the Type B of PUSCH mapping, since the position of the first DMRS isdetermined by the start position of the actual transmission, when multiple sets of time domainresource parameters are configured, the relative start position in each repetition / transmission(several consecutive symbols) in each parameter set of time domain resource is defined by .

[0235] As shown in the illustrative examples of FIG.3C, the UE acquires the fourthcolumn in TDRA table indicated by the DCI, and determines that the first PUSCH repetition is inslot n, the start position S is the symbol 1, and the length of L is 10 according to the value of K2in the first parameter set; determine that the second PUSCH repetition is in slot n+1, the startposition S is the symbol 0, and the length of L is 8 according to the value of K2 in the secondparameter set. In addition, the PUSCH mapping type in TDRA is shared (i.e., identical) for thetwo parameters, and is the Type B of mapping. According to the above rule, the reference point is the relative start position of each PUSCH repetition, and the DMRS transmission position is . At this time, the first DMRS of the first PUSCH repetition is transmitted on the symbol 1of the slot n, and the first DMRS of the second PUSCH repetition is transmitted on the symbol 0 - 58 -of the slot n+1. In addition, the base station also configures an additional DMRS for the UE,which is indicated by the higher layer parameter: dmrs-AdditionalPosition. Then, at this time, theposition of the additional DMRS is determined according to the number of symbols occupied byeach PUSCH repetition. According to the Table 6.4.1.1.3-3 of 3GPP TS 38.211, when L = 10,the extra reference signaling is transmitted on the 8th symbol, and when L = 8, the extra DMRSis transmitted on the 6th symbol.

[0236] For the Type A of PUSCH mapping, only S=0, L>=4 and 4<=S+L<=14 areconsidered valid in the Rel-15 NR (when configured as a normal cyclic prefix (CP) length), asshown in Table 2. Similarly, the method of above multiple sets of SLIV values may be alsoapplied to the limits shown in Table 2.

[0237] In certain embodiments, for the Type A of PUSCH mapping, the position ofthe DMRS is determined by the start position and the end position of the symbols occupied by allPUSCHs in one slot, and if the DMRS exists, the configuration is considered a validconfiguration in each transmission. That is, the UE does not expect that there is no DMRS forPUSCH transmission configured according to Type A in any transmission / repetition. Thespecific configuration mode may be determined by the base station.

[0238] Certain embodiments according to this disclosure provide the advantage that itis easier to align the reference signaling positions of different UEs. When there are multiple - 59 -PUSCH transmissions in one slot, the base station may ensure that each PUSCH has DMRS byconfiguring additional reference signaling and selecting the transmission position of eachPUSCH.

[0239] As shown in non-limiting example of FIG.4, the UE acquires the secondcolumn in the TDRA table indicated by the DCI, and determines that the first PUSCH repetitionis in slot n, the start position S is symbol 0, and the length of L is 7 according to the value of K2in the first parameter set; determines that the second PUSCH repetition is also slot n, the startposition S is the symbol 7, and the length of L is 4 according to the value of K2 in the secondparameter set . In addition, the type of PUSCH mapping in TDRA is shared (i.e., identical) fortwo parameter sets, and is the Type A of mapping. According to the above rule, the referencepoint l is the start position of each slot, the first DMRS transmission position given by the higherlayer parameter dmrs-TypeA-Position is “pos2”, and the higher layer parameter:dmrs-AdditionalPosition is indicated as “pos1”. At this time, the first DMRS is transmitted onsymbol 2 of slot n, and the second DMRS is transmitted on symbol 9 of Slot n. Thisconfiguration is considered valid since the DMRS exists in two PUSCH transmissions.

[0240] The following example describes how to switch between multiple repetitivetransmission rules, as described in the following paragraphs:

[0241] The above method is different from the TDRA of PUSCH and / or mappingmethod or the TDRA of PDSCH and / or mapping method in the Rel-15 NR. In certainembodiments, the UE needs to determine how to perform switching between the existing methodof the TDRA in the Rel-15 (only one parameter set is required) and the above method or othermethods (e.g., a method of performing continuous other PUSCH repetition mapping according tothe first PUSCH repetition).- 60 -

[0242] In certain embodiments, the method for determining multiple TDRA and / ormapping may be at least one of the following methods:

[0243] - Method 1: Determining the existing resource allocation method in the Rel-15or the new method that supports multiple parameter sets of TDRA according to the indexed ofthe row indicated in the TDRA table.

[0244] For example, rows 1-10 in Table 1 have two parameter sets of TDRA, whilerows 11-16 in Table 1 have a parameter set of TDRA. If the DCI dynamically indicates any ofthe rows 1-10, it means that the new TDRA and / or mapping method in previous is used; if theDCI dynamically indicates any of the rows11-16, it means that the existing TDRA and / ormapping method in the Rel-15 is used. In particular, all TDRA sets configured the by RRC maybe configured as one or multiple parameter sets of TDRA. At this time, it is not necessary tospecifically distinguish between the method in Rel-15 and the method in Re-16.

[0245] - Method 2: A method of indicating one or more TDRAs and / or mappings in aplurality of different TDRA and / or mapping methods by DCI.

[0246] Specifically, a method is determined by at least one of the following: adding aspecific field in the DCI, setting a specific field to at least one specific value, or a different DCIformat, different RNTIs for scrambling, different search spaces, different DCI payload sizes,different control resource sets (CORESET). Specifically, the resource allocation methodindicated by the fallback DCI is the existing method in Rel-15, and the resource allocationmethod indicated by the other DCI is a new method. The base station configures the method ofthe TDRA and / or mapping corresponding to each different DCI to the UE by the RRC.

[0247] Both of the above two methods may be dynamically switched indicated by theDCI. If all DCI related parameters are configured to the same TDRA and / or mapping method, - 61 -the DCI dynamic switching is not required. If the base station needs to switch to a differentmethod, the reconfiguration is performed by the RRC (refer to Method 3).

[0248] The following embodiments mainly describe how the modulation schemeand / or the code rate are determined, as follows:

[0249] In order to achieve low latency and high reliability, and to avoid slot boundaryas well as symbol and / or slot that cannot be used for uplink transmission, it may cause that thesymbol length of each repetition / transmission of PUSCH or PDSCH carried in the sametransport block is different. In certain embodiments, the repetition / transmission may include:repetition and / or transmission, which may be generated according to a predefined rule (e.g.,segmenting into two or more number of repetition / transmission when encountering a symbol orslot boundary that cannot be used for uplink transmission), or generated due to multiple sets ofTDRA parameter scheduling (such as the TDRA method described above). Since differentrepetition / transmission needs to transmit the same transport block size (TBS), the number ofsymbols in the repetition / transmission each time is different, which results in different actualspectral efficiency for each repetition / transmission. In the MCS table of Rel-15, different spectralefficiencies correspond to different modulation schemes. Specifically, it may be determined thateach repetition / transmission modulation scheme is the same (it may be determined that eachrepetition / transmission modulation scheme is a fixed modulation scheme), or the modulationscheme of repetition / transmission each time is respectively determined according to actualtransmission efficiency and / or code rate.

[0250] When the same modulation scheme is adopted by each repetition / transmission,the UE may determine the modulation scheme for the first repetition / transmission, and then the - 62 -UE determines that the remaining repeating modulation schemes are the same as the modulationscheme for the first repetition.

[0251] In an exemplary embodiment, the UE may determine the modulation schemefor the first repetition / transmission, by at least one of the operations described in the followingparagraphs:

[0252] The UE may acquire the MCS index, and modulates eachrepetition / transmission of PUSCH or PDSCH according to the modulation scheme correspondingto the MCS index in the MCS index table; or

[0253] The UE may acquire the MCS index, and determines whether thecorresponding code rate is higher than the threshold for the first repetition / transmission. If thethreshold is exceeded, the modulation order is adjusted, and the modulation scheme for the firstrepetition / transmission is determined according to the adjusted modulation order.

[0254] In an exemplary embodiment, adjusting the modulation order may compriseincreasing the modulation order or decreasing the modulation order.

[0255] Further, the UE may acquire the MCS index, and determine whether thecorresponding code rate is higher than the threshold upon using for the first repetition, including:the UE determines whether the redundancy version (RV) is a specific RV; or the UE determineswhether the first repetition or each repetition needs to support self-decodable.

[0256] In various embodiments, the base station may adopt any of theabove-described methods when configuring the modulation scheme.

[0257] Specifically, Table 3 illustrates an example of an MCS index table. The UEmay obtain the MCS index 15 by using the MCS / TBS domain in the DCI or the uplinkconfigured grant configured by the RRC, it may be determined that the modulation scheme is - 63 -QPSK, and the target code rate is R×1024=679. The UE determines the TBS according to apredefined rule and a time domain frequency domain resource configuration. However, since thenumber of actually repeated symbols each time may be different, some symbols may be less,resulting in the actual spectral efficiency is higher than the efficiency of 1.3262 corresponding toindex 15 in the MCS table, and even more than the efficiency of 1.4766 corresponding to number16 in the MCS table (modulation scheme corresponding to index 16 in the MCS table is16QAM), but the QPSK modulation scheme is still used. Vice versa, the UE obtains the MCSindex 16 indicated by the DCI or RRC, and determines that the MCS is 16QAM. The UEdetermines the TBS according to a predefined rule and a time domain frequency domain resourceconfiguration. However, since the actual spectral efficiency in actual repetition is lower than theefficiency of 1.4766 corresponding to the index 16 in the MCS table, even lower than theefficiency of 1.3262 corresponding to the index 15 in the MCS table, the 16QAM modulation isstill adopted. The disadvantage of this method is that if the symbol length in one repetition is tooshort (assuming that the rate matching method should deal with the case where the transmissionsymbol length is different in each repetition), which causes the actual code rate being too high,and even unable to being self-decodable. This situation can affect the demodulation performanceand can affect the latency (which needs to be decoded together with otherrepetitions / transmissions). However, the method for determining the modulation scheme issimple and easy to implement, and may avoid additional requirements for transmitting endand / or radio frond-end (RF) for different modulation schemes, such as power back off requiredby different modulation schemes, thereby resulting in different actual transmission poweractually used in each repetition / transmission or other situations.- 64 -

[0258] In an exemplary embodiment, the modulation scheme of eachrepetition / transmission may be respectively determined according to the actual transmissionefficiency and / or the code rate, and may be performed by the base station or the UE. As shown inin the example of FIG.10, the method comprises the following operations:

[0259] Step S1001, determining a TBS of a PUSCH or a PDSCH;

[0260] Step S1002: determining a code rate and / or a spectrum efficiency adopted byat least one repetition / transmission of multiple repetitions / transmissions according to at least oneof following:

[0261] Determined TBS, the number L of symbols actually transmitted in the at leastone repetition / transmission;

[0262] Step S1003: determining a modulation scheme of each repetition / transmissionaccording to at least one of the following:

[0263] The code rate adopted by the at least one repetition / transmission, the spectralefficiency adopted by the at least one repetition / transmission, a predefined TBS table, a code ratethreshold, and a spectral efficiency threshold.

[0264] In certain embodiments, the code rate threshold may be predefined in theprotocol or configured by the base station (for example, by RRC or DCI), and the spectrumefficiency threshold may also be predefined in the protocol or configured by the base station. It isnot limited in certain embodiments of the present application.

[0265] In certain embodiments, the predefined TBS table is composed of severalrows, and any of the rows may comprise one or multiple of the following: the modulation order,the target code rate multiplied by 1024, and the spectral efficiency.- 65 -

[0266] In some embodiments, a row to which the corresponding code rate and / or thecorresponding spectral efficiency correspond is searched for in the predefined TBS tableaccording to the code rate and / or the spectral efficiency, and the modulation scheme isdetermined according to the modulation order indicated by the row. In an exemplaryembodiment, searching the corresponding coding rate and / or spectral efficiency includes at leastone of the following: the nearest code rate and / or spectral efficiency, greater than or equal to thenearest code rate and / or spectral efficiency, less than or equal to the nearest code rate and / orspectral efficiency.

[0267] In an exemplary embodiment, the above steps S1001, S1002 and S1003 arenot limited to the execution order shown in the example of FIG.10, and other execution ordersare within the contemplated scope of the present application.

[0268] As shown in the non-limiting example of FIG.4, the UE may determine thatthe TBS of the PUSCH or PDSCH is M, and the number of symbols for the first repetition isL1=7, the number of symbols for the second repetition is L2=4. The UE may calculate thenumber of resource element (RE) that can perform PUSCH or PDSCH data mapping accordingto parameters such as the number L1 of symbol, the reference signaling overhead, and theresource configuration of the frequency domain, and calculate the actual transmission efficiencyE1 = 1.18 of the first repetition according to the number of the REs and the TBS (M) of thePUSCH or the PDSCH, and infers the MCS sequence IMCS=14 corresponding to the actualtransmission efficiency E1 according to the actual transmission efficiency E1 and the MCSsequence table 3, wherein, the modulation scheme by indicated by IMCS=14 is QPSK which isused as the modulation scheme used for the first repetition. Similarly, the UE may calculate thenumber of REs that can perform PUSCH or PDSCH data mapping according to the number L2 - 66 -of symbols, the reference signaling overhead, and the resource configuration of the frequencydomain, and calculates the actual transmission efficiency E2 = 2.36 of the first repetitionaccording to the number of the REs and the TBS (M) of the PUSCH or the PDSCH, anddetermines that the 16QAM by indicated the MCS sequence IMCS=19 is the modulation schemeadopted by the second repetition.

[0269] In an exemplary embodiment,, the base station may configure or predefine athreshold of one or more code rates and a modulation scheme corresponding to the threshold, andthe UE may calculate the potential code rate and / or the actual transmission efficiency, anddetermine the modulation scheme according to the potential code rate and / or the actualtransmission efficiency as well as the threshold of the corresponding code rate and / or thetransmission efficiency. In an exemplary embodiment,, the potential code rate may becalculated according to at least one of the following parameters: number L of symbols for onerepetition, a reference signaling overhead, a TBS, and a modulation scheme indicated by theMCS sequence IMCS. Specifically, the base station may define a threshold of a code rate of 0.93.As shown in the illustrative example of FIG.4, if the number of symbols for the first repetition isL1=7, the DMRS overhead is 1 symbol, the TBS is M, and the modulation scheme indicated bythe MCS sequence IMCS 14 is QPSK, and the calculated potential code rate is 0.588; the numberof symbols for the second repetition is L2=4, the TBS is M, and the modulation schemeindicated by the MCS sequence IMCS 14 is QPSK, and the calculated potential code rate is1.176 (larger than the threshold of 0.93), the modulation scheme is promoted to 16QAM. Inaddition, if the potential code rate corresponding to the promoted modulation order is still greaterthan the threshold, the modulation order may be further increased until the maximum availablemodulation order.- 67 -

[0270] The above method is also applicable to the modulation scheme that the basestation determines the demodulation.

[0271] The above two methods may be configured by the RRC semi-static or DCIdynamic adjustment, or can be configured by the predefined rule. For example, if the UEdetermines that the potential code rate used for the first repetition / transmission is higher than thethreshold, and the RV version number is all 0 or belongs to {0, 3}, the modulation scheme isadjusted dynamically to ensure that each transmission is guaranteed to be decodedindependently.

[0272] The following embodiments mainly describe the time density, the timedomain position, and the position of the time-frequency resource of the reference signal forphase tracking (PT-RS), as follows:

[0273] In certain embodiments, the Rel-15 NR system designs the PT-RS. WhenOFDM is used as the carrier modulation scheme, the time density of PT-RS is determinedaccording to the MCS. Taking the uplink of Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexing（CP-OFDM）as an example, the information elements of timeDensity andfrequencyDensity in the PTRS-UplinkConfig higher layer signaling indicates the thresholdvalues of ptrs-MCSi, i=1, 2, 3 and NRB,i, i=0, 1, respectively. If both the above higher layer - 69 -signalings are configured, the UE may assume that the PT-RS antenna port’s presence andpattern may be related to the corresponding scheduled MCS and scheduled bandwidth. Table 4 isa functional relationship between the time density of the PT-RS and the scheduled MCS.Table 4Scheduled MCS Time density ( )IMCS < ptrs-MCS1 PT-RS is not presentptrs-MCS1 IMCS < ptrs-MCS2 4ptrs-MCS2 IMCS < ptrs-MCS3 2ptrs-MCS3 IMCS < ptrs-MCS4 1

[0274] For the uplink of the Discrete Fourier Transform-SpreadSpectrum-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM), the base station willdirectly configure a sample density and a time density for UE. In certain embodiments, the timedensity =1 or 2.

[0275] FIGS.5A, 5B and 5C illustrate aspects of the time density of PT-RS accordingto various embodiments. As shown in the illustrative examples of FIGS.5A, 5B and 5C, for aphysical resource block (PRB) that performs PT-RS transmission, the PT-RS occupies subcarrier0 to performs transmission, OFDM symbol 0 is occupied by the PDCCH, and DMRS antennaport a and antenna port b occupies OFDM symbol 2. In FIGS.5A, 5B and 5C, the PT-RS istransmitted at time density ( ) of 1, 2 or 4, respectively. Taking the downlink as anexample, the mapping of the PT-RS in the time domain needs to avoid the downlink controlchannel region and the DMRS, and the symbol is not taken into account. For example, as shownin FIG.5C, if the time density of the PT-RS is 4, the symbol 1 is occupied, the transmission isperformed on the 4th symbol (symbol 6) after symbol 2, and then the transmission is performedPT RS L on the subsequent symbol 10. As described above, when the lengths of the symbols are differentin each repetition / transmission, the same or different MCSs are used, while the code rate and thespectral efficiency in each transmission may also be different. Therefore, how to determine thetime density of PT-RS becomes a key issue. Specifically, the time density of PT-RS may bedetermined by one or more of the following methods:

[0276] Method 1: Determining the time density of the PT-RS by the index IMCS inthe corresponding MCS table according to the average spectral efficiency and / or the averagecode rate corresponding to all repetitions / transmissions.

[0277] Specifically, the UE may calculate an average spectral efficiency E’ and / or anaverage code rate R’ corresponding to all repetitions / transmissions; the UE may search the MCSindex IMCS corresponding to the closest code rate and / or spectral efficiency in a predefinedMCS table according to the calculated E’ and / or R’, and compares the MCS index IMCS withthe threshold value to determine the time density LPT-RS of the PT-RS.

[0278] Method 2: Determining the time density LPT-RS of the PT-RS according tothe MCI index scheduled by the DCI or configured by the RRC.

[0279] Specifically, the UE may obtain the MCS index IMCS according to the DCIor RRC, and compare the MCS index IMCS with the threshold value configured by the basestation as a function of MCS to determine the time density LPT-RS of the PT-RS. The method isequal to determining the time density LPT-RS of the PT-RS according to the MCS of nominaltransmission (retransmission and / or transmission).

[0280] Method 3: Searching the index IMCS,i corresponding to the code rate and / orspectral efficiency closest to Ri and / or Ei in the MCS table according to the actual code rate Riand / or the actual spectral efficiency Ei of any repetition / transmission, and determining the time - 71 -density LPT-RS of the PT-RS based on IMCS, i. At this time, the actual reference signalingdensity of the PT-RS in each repetition / transmission may be different.

[0281] Specifically, the UE may calculate an average spectral efficiency E’ and / or anaverage code rate R’ of any repetition / transmission; the UE may search the MCS index IMCScorresponding to the closest code rate and / or closest spectral efficiency closest in the predefinedMCS table according to the calculated E’ and / or R’, and compares the MCS index IMCS withthe threshold value configured by the base station to determine the time density LPT-RS of thePT-RS.

[0282] In certain embodiments, if a PT-RS is required for eachretransmission / transmission, the time density LPT-RS of the PT-RS is determined for eachretransmission / transmission, respectively.

[0283] Method 4: Determining the time density of the PT-RS according to the actualspectral efficiency and / or actual code rate of the first repetition / transmission as well as the indexIMCS in the corresponding MCS table.

[0284] In some embodiments, the UE may calculate a spectral efficiency E1 and / or acode rate R1 of the first repetition / transmission; the UE may search the MCS index IMCScorresponding to the closest code rate and / or closest spectral efficiency in the predefined MCStable according to the calculated E1 and / or R1, and compares the MCS index IMCS with thethreshold value configured by the base station to determine the time density LPT-RS of thePT-RS.

[0285] In particular, when a transmission is an actual transmission, Method 4 andMethod 2 may determine different PT-RS densities. Specifically, for example, when the firsttransmission is segmented into multiple actual transmissions, the actual spectrum efficiency - 72 -and / or the actual code rate of the actual first transmission may be higher than the spectrumefficiency and / or the code rate corresponding to the MCS configured by the base station to theUE in Method 2.

[0286] Method 5: Determining the time density of the PT-RS according tothe reference signaling density parameter configured by the base station through the RRC or DCI,or determining the time density of the PT-RS as a predetermined value.

[0287] For example, the base station may directly configure that the density of PT-RSis 2, or be fixed to 2 in the protocol, or if the base station does not configure the referencesignaling density, no PT-RS transmission is performed.

[0288] In certain embodiments, the base station may configure a plurality of MCStables for UE. For example, in order to save DCI overhead, a table that requires fewer number ofMCS bit is reconfigured. Then, the base station can separately configure thresholds fordetermining the time density of the PT-RS for different MCS tables. For example, the first MCSrequires a 5-bit indication (as shown in Table 3) and the second MCS table requires a 4-bitindication (as shown in Table 5).

[0289] For the first MCS table (such as Table 3), the base station can configure threethresholds, for example, ptrs-MCS1i is 6, 16, 24, respectively.

[0290] For the second MCS table (such as Table 5), the base station can configurethree thresholds, for example, ptrs-MCS2i is 2, 4, and 6, respectively.

[0291] When the UE receives the resource allocation corresponding to the first MCStable (when the resource allocation corresponding to the first MCS table is received through DCIor RRC or MAC), determining the time density of the PT-RS according to the threshold valueptrs-MCS1i corresponding to the first MCS table; when the UE receives the resource allocation - 73 -corresponding to the second MCS table (when the resource allocation corresponding to thesecond MCS table is received through DCI or RRC or MAC), determining the time density ofthe PT-RS according to the threshold value ptrs-MCS2i corresponding to the second MCS table.

[0292] In addition, for different MCS tables or different thresholds, tablescorresponding to different MCS and time densities of PT-RS may be defined or configured in theprotocol in advance. For example, for the second MCS table, only tables corresponding to MCSand time density of PT-RS composed of one or two threshold values may be configured ordefined. At this point, the base station only needs to configure one or two thresholds for it.

[0293] The second MCS table may be a subset of the first MCS table. For example,as shown in Table 5, each MCS index IMCS1 in Table 5 is included in the MCS index IMCScorresponding to the first MCS table. Then, according to the ptrs-MCS1i for the first MCS tableand index in the first MCS table corresponding to the MCS index (such as IMCS1 in Table 5)indicated in the second MCS table (such as IMCS1 in Table 5 and MCS index IMCScorresponding to Table 3), the density of PR-RS is determined. In certain embodiments,according to the code rate and / or the spectral efficiency corresponding to one MCS index inTable 5, the corresponding spectral index can be determined in another table.

[0294] Specifically, the MCS index of the corresponding second MCS table (Table 5)is IMCS1=1, the MCS index of the corresponding first MCS table (Table 3) is IMCS=4,configured by the base station. The threshold configured by the base station for the first MCStable is 6, 16 and 24, respectively. Then, at this time, IMCS=4<ptrs-MCS11=6, according toTable 4, it can be determined not to perform PT-RS transmission.

[0295] In some embodiments, for the case of configuring the second MCS table, adefault method may be set (if the threshold corresponding to the second MCS table is not - 74 -configured) to use the threshold in the first MCS table, use the threshold of the second MCStable upon configuring the threshold of the second MCS table.Table 5: MCS index tableMCS index IMCS1(MCS index IMCS corresponding to

[0296] In another example, the correspondence of multiple MCS tables are notdirectly given, but need to be inferred implicitly based on the code rate or the spectral efficiency.Then, the code rate and / or the spectral efficiency in the first MCS table can be matched with thecode rate and / or the spectral efficiency corresponding to at least one row in the second MCStable, so as to find the MCS index in the corresponding first MCS table. The method forperforming matching includes at least one of the following: equal to the code rate and / or thespectral efficiency; closest to the code rate and / or the spectral efficiency; the closest to and notgreater than the code rate and / or spectral efficiency; the closest to and not greater than or equalto the code rate and / or spectral efficiency; the closest to and not less than the code rate and / or - 75 -spectral efficiency; the closest to and not less than or equal to the code rate and / or spectralefficiency.

[0297] The second MCS table can be defined directly in the specification, orconfigured according to the base station (for example, directly configuring one or more columnsin the first MCS table), or calculated according to rules. If the base station directly configuresone column in the second MCS tables with a column in the first MCS table, the base station candirectly obtain the index of column in the first MCS table according to the configurationrelationship. The method for calculating according to the rule may include: calculating acorrespondence between the first MCS table and the second MCS table according to a firstparameter and / or a second parameter. In certain embodiments, the parameters are configuredaccording to the base station or obtained according to the number of bits used to indicate eachtable. Specifically, the base station configures 4 as for the first parameter, that is, one of every 4rows in the first MCS table is used as a row in the second MCS table. Further, if the secondparameter configured by the base station or obtained according to a predefined rule is 0, itindicates that the row that satisfies IMCS mod 4 =0 in the first MCS table is selected to form asecond MCS table.

[0298] In another example, the first MCS table is indicated by a1=5 bits, and thesecond MCS table is indicated by a2=3 bits, then it can be inferred (from the first parameterbeing 2^(a1-a2)) that one of every 4 rows in the first MCS table is used as a row in the secondMCS table, that is, the first parameter is 4.

[0299] According to various embodiments, the above methods can be combined. Forexample, if the base station does not configure the MCS table through higher layer signaling, asecond MCS table is constructed according to predefined rules.- 76 -

[0300] When the number of bits used in the second MCS table is small, it is difficultto retain all MCS indices 28-31 for retransmission (where each index indicates a modulationmode). Then, in order to be able to adjust the modulation mode for retransmission, it can berepresented by other MCS values. When the UE receives the DCI for retransmission, themodulation mode is determined only according to the MCS index, and the transport block size(or code rate / transmission efficiency) for retransmission is not calculated according to the MCS.However, at this time, the time density of PT-RS used for the retransmission can be dynamicallyadjusted according to the MCS.

[0301] In one implementation, different DCI formats, and / or search spaces, and / orCORESETs, and / or scrambling sequences (RNTI, etc.) may correspond to different MCS tablesand / or pilot density thresholds. The UE may determine a corresponding MCS table and / or pilotdensity threshold based on the detected DCI format, and / or search space, and / or CORESET,and / or scrambling sequence. In particular, the base station may configure different pilot densitythresholds for different DCI formats, and / or search spaces, and / or CORESETs, and / orscrambling sequences (RNTI, etc.) even if the number of bits of MCS table is the same. This canbe adapted to different transmission requirements (such as higher reliability, etc.).

[0302] If a system supports multiple transmission formats of uplink and downlinkdata channels, the base station may configure corresponding MCS table and / or pilot densitythreshold for different transmission formats, respectively.

[0303] Further, in some embodiments, the UE may determine the time domainposition of the PT-RS in all repetitions / transmissions from the start symbol of the firstrepetition / transmission according to the determined time density LPT-RS of the PT-RS. Or, theUE may determine the time domain position of the PT-RS in each repetition / transmission from - 77 -the start symbol of each repetition / transmission according to the determined time density of the PT-RS. Alternatively, the UE may determine the slot start position in all thePUSCH retransmission / transmission. In certain embodiments, each retransmission / transmissioncan be an actual transmission or a nominal transmission.

[0304] Further, taking PUSCH as an example, the method for determining theposition of the PT-RS time-frequency resource of the PUSCH comprise: when all the followingconditions are met, the PT-RS of the PUSCH is mapped to the RE according to the followingformula:

[0305] - The time index is transmitted in the OFDM symbol allocated for thePUSCH. When the PUSCH has multiple repetition / transmissions, should be in any OFDMsymbol allocated for the PUSCH;

[0306] - REs are not occupied by demodulation reference signal (DM-RS);

[0307] - and Δ correspond to ;

[0308] In certain embodiments, the number and Δ are given in Tables 6.4.1.1.1and 6.4.1.1.3-2 of 3GPP TS38.211, the configuration type is configured by the higher layerparameter DMRS-UplinkConfig, and the precoding matrix w is given in Section 6.3.1.5 of 3GPPTS38.211. The number PTRS is a scaling factor of one amplitude, indicating the transmissionpower.

[0309] The set of time index is defined as the start position of the TDRA ofPUSCH with respect to any of the multiple transmissions / transmissions or the start position of - 78 -the first repetition / transmission, or the start position of the continuous symbol set in all PUSCHrepetition / transmission and / or the start position of the slot:

[0310] 1. Setting and ref ;

[0311] 2. If any overlaps with the DMRS in the interval ref PT-RS ref ref PT-RS, then

[0312] - Settings ;

[0313] - If it is the DM-RS of a single symbol, then ref is set as the symbol index ofthe DM-RS, or the second DM-RS symbol in the dual symbol DM-RS;

[0314] - If ref PT-RS is in the TDRA of PUSCH of any of the multiplerepetitions / transmissions, or in the TDRA of PUSCH of any repetition / transmission, or in anytime domain resource of all repetitions / transmissions actually transmitted by the PUSCH, step 2is repeated;

[0315] 3. Adding ref PT-RS to the time domain index set of the PT-RS;

[0316] 4. Adding to 1;

[0317] 5. If ref PT-RS is in the TDRA of PUSCH of any of the multiplerepetitions / transmissions, or in the TDRA of PUSCH of any repetition / transmission, or in anytime domain resource of all repetitions / transmissions actually transmitted by the PUSCH, step 2is repeated;

[0318] In certain embodiments, PT-RS is as shown in Table 4.

[0319] Specifically, as shown in the illustrative example of FIG.3C, the set of timeindex is defined as: symbol 1 and symbol 0, wherein, symbol 1’s start position in time domainof the PUSCH of the first repetition / transmission in two transmissions is in slot n, and symbol0’s start position in time domain of the PUSCH of the second repetition / transmission in two - 79 -transmissions is in slot n+1. Or, the set of time index is defined as: symbol 1 whose startposition in time domain of the first repetition / transmission. Or, the set of time index is definedas: symbol 1 and symbol 0, wherein the symbol 1’s start position of the first set of consecutivesymbols sets in both the two repetition / transmission of PUSCH is in slot n, and the symbol 0’sstart position of the second set of consecutive symbols sets is in slot n. At this time, the startposition of the second set of consecutive symbols is just the start position of the slot (i.e., the firstsymbol).

[0320] Certain embodiments of the above step 5 (also applies to the last sub-step instep 2) comprise: determining whether ref PT-RS is in symbols 1 to 10 of slot n of the TDRAof PUSCH of the first repetition / transmission in two transmissions or symbols 0 to 7 of slot n+1of the TDRA of PUSCH of the second repetition / transmission in two transmissions. At this time,the start position of the first repetition in the multiple repetitions or the start position of all thePUSCH transmissions is applied as the relative position calculating the set of time index .

[0321] According to certain embodiments step 5 (also applies to the last sub-step instep 2) comprises: when the start position with respect to each PUSCH transmission is used asthe relative position, calculating the set of time index , whether ref PT-RS is in symbols 1to 10 of slot n of the TDRA of PUSCH of the repetition / transmission for the first repetition isdetermined. For the second repetition, the above process is repeated.

[0322] The same method is also applicable to PT-RS in PDSCH.

[0323] The following embodiments are, in certain embodiments, used to determinethat the UE and other UEs are used for uplink transmission, such as a sounding reference signal(SRS) resource position and / or an uplink control information (UCI) resource position, and finallydetermines the mapping manner of the channel used by the UE for transmission, as follows:- 80 -

[0324] In the LTE system, the SRS can only be configured in the last symbol of eachsubframe. In the NR system, the base station may configure multiple SRS resource sets for theUE, and each SRS resource set includes one or more SRS resources, and each SRS resourceincludes 1, 2 or 4 SRS ports. Each SRS resource may be configured in 1, 2 or 4 consecutivesymbols in the last 6 OFDM symbols of a slot. In addition, the UCI of the NR may betransmitted at any symbol position in a slot. In the NR of the Rel-15 version, only repetition in aunit of slot is supported, then the base station may avoid collision with potential SRS (SRS of theUE or other UEs) or UCI of other UEs by TDRA in each slot. However, in order to reducelatency and ensure reliability, the way to support continuous repetition is being discussed in theNR of the Rel-16 version. For example, repetition in a unit of a mini-slot is supported. Or, whena symbol or slot (e.g., a symbol or slot for downlink transmission, and / or a flexible symbol orslot, etc.) or a slot boundary that is not available for uplink transmission is encountered, therepetition is required to segment into two repetitions. These rules may be predefined in theprotocol. Then, when the UE or other UEs needs to perform uplink transmission, the base stationneeds to notify the UE to bypass the resources of the potential uplink transmission duringtransmission by at least one of the following methods (Method 1, Method 2, and Method 3)described below:

[0325] Method 1: Configuring potential resource set not for data mapping by RRC,and dynamically indicating resource that needs data mapping avoidance by a DCI indicating datachannel transmission.

[0326] In certain embodiments, the base station configures the resource set of thepotential SRS or UCI to the UE by using the RRC, includes: a period and an offset in unit of slot - 81 -(for example, SRS- periodicityAndOffset), a start position (startPosition) in the slot, and numberof symbols (nrofSymbols). Specifically, the RRC parameter may be configured as:periodicityAndOffsetstartPosition INTEGER (0..5), nrofSymbols ENUMERATED {n1, n2, n4},

[0327] In certain embodiments, nrofSymbols indicates the position of the OFDMsymbol (N = 1, 2 or 4 symbols), startPosition indicates its start position,SRSSymbolStartPosition = 0..5; “0” indicates the last symbol of the slot, “1” indicates a penultsymbol.SRS-PeriodicityAndOffset ::= CHOICE {

[0328] In certain embodiments, sl1 indicates that the period is 1 slot, sl2 indicatesthat the period is 2 slots, and so on. Each period corresponds to one offset in unit of slot. For s11,its offset is zero.

[0329] In another illustrative example, the set of resources for the potential SRS orUCI configured by the base station to the UE through RRC may include: a period and an offsetin units of slot (e.g., SRS-periodicityAndOffset), and a symbol location indicated by a bitmap inthe slot.

[0330] If the number of repetitions for one data channel is large or the length is longthat may span slot periods of several mapping avoidance resource, in this case it is necessary toinfer which of the slots may have SRS and / or UCI transmission by the slot period and the offsetparameter of the mapping avoidance resource. Or, which slot or slots in the slots spanned by thedata channel have the SRS and / or UCI transmission may be indicated by the DCI.

[0331] Specifically, as shown in the illustrative example of FIG.11, the base stationmay configure a set of several potential SRSs and / or UCI transmissions {slot number, symbolstart position, symbol length} by RRC, and one of the set is dynamically indicated by the DCIdata mapping domain: {slot number 0, symbol start position 3, symbol length 2}. Since the datatransmission indicated by the DCI starts from symbol 1 of slot n and continues to symbol 7 ofslot n+1, and the data mapping domain in the DCI indicates that first two symbols starting from - 83 -the last four symbol in the first slot (i.e., the slot n) of the data transmission cannot perform datamapping, and the actual data transmission indicated by the DCI is mapped from symbol 1 of slotn to symbol 9 of slot n, and is not mapped on the symbols 10 and 11 of slot n, and iscontinuously mapped from symbol 11 of slot n until symbol 7 of slot n+1.

[0332] According to various embodiments, if the number of repetitions of one datachannel is small, there is no need to provide a slot period and offset parameter for mappingavoidance resource.

[0333] Method 2: Directly configuring the data mapping avoidance resource set byRRC. According to certain embodiments, this method may be done by reusing the uplink anddownlink symbols and / or the slot direction, or by introducing a new way to indicate datamapping avoidance. The specific configuration example of the RRC is as above. The base stationconfigures the mapping avoidance resource set to the UE by using the RRC, includes: a periodand a offset (for example, SRS-periodicityAndOffset) of the data mapping avoidance resource inunit of slot, and a start position (startPosition) in the slot, the number of symbols (nrofSymbols).

[0334] In another illustrative example, the set of resources for the potential SRS orUCI configured by the base station to the UE through RRC may include: a period and an offsetin units of slot, and a symbol location indicated by a bitmap in the slot.

[0335] According to various embodiments, method 2 does not require the dynamicparticipation of DCI, and saves DCI overhead. In addition, Method 2 may be more suitable forconfigured grant or semi-persistent schedule (SPS) data transmission.

[0336] Method 3: Configuring a potential resource set not for data mapping by RRC,and dynamically indicating the data mapping avoidance resource by group common DCI. Incertain embodiments, multiple users may receive group common DCI at the same time. This - 84 -method may be used for dynamically scheduled data transmission or configured grant or SPSdata transmission. In particular, the slot for uplink or downlink transmission may be rewritten toa slot that cannot be used for uplink or downlink transmission by using a group common DCI forindicating a slot format indicator (SFI).

[0337] The slot involved in the foregoing embodiments may also be a time unit otherthan the slot, and the symbols involved in the foregoing embodiments may also be other timeunits other than the symbol, and the slot and symbols introduced in certain embodiments of thepresent application are not intended to limit the Embodiments according to the foregoingdescription introduce introduces a method of data transmission from a perspective of a methodflow. The following describes a user equipment and a base station from a perspective of virtualmodule, wherein, the user equipment and the base station may perform the foregoing method ofdata transmission, as follows:

[0338] In an embodiment, a user equipment (UE), as shown in FIG.5d, may include areceiving module 51, a first determining module 52 and a first data transmission module 53,However, all of the illustrated components are not essential. The UE may be implemented bymore or less components than those illustrated in Figure 5d.

[0339] In an exemplary embodiment, a receiving module 51 is configured to receiveDCI and / or higher layer signaling transmitted by a base station.

[0340] In an exemplary embodiment, a first determining module 52 is configured todetermine a transmission format of the data transmission according to the DCI and / or the higherlayer signaling received by the receiving module 51.

[0341] In an exemplary embodiment, the transmission format includes at least one ofthe following: a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, a preset number of - 85 -transmission, a modulation scheme, a resource location for reference signal and a transport blocksize, and wherein, the preset number of transmission includes: a number of transmission and / or anumber of repetition.

[0342] In an exemplary embodiment, a first data transmission module 53 isconfigured to perform the data transmission based on the transmission format of datatransmission determined by the first determining module 52.

[0343] In an exemplary embodiment, the first determining module 52 is specificallyconfigured to determine a TDRA set according to the higher layer signaling.

[0344] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one entry of the TDRA set includesmultiple parameter sets of TDRA that are used to indicate the time domain resource.

[0345] In an exemplary embodiment, the first determining module 52 is furtherconfigured to determine one entry of the TDRA set according to the DCI, and determine thepreset number of transmission according to the number of parameter set of the TDRA in theentry.

[0346] In an exemplary embodiment, the first determining module 52 is configured todetermine a TDRA set according to the higher layer signaling, and determine one entry of theTDRA set according to the DCI and TDRA set, wherein, at least one entry of the TDRA setcomprises multiple parameter sets of TDRA; and / or the first determining module 52 isspecifically configured to determine the preset number of transmission according to theindication information indicating the preset number of transmission in the DCI and / or the higherlayer signaling.

[0347] In an exemplary embodiment, the first data transmission module 53 isspecifically configured to retransmit all the data corresponding to all parameter set(s) of TDRA - 86 -for k time(s); and / or the first data transmission module 53 is specifically configured to: when thedetermined preset number of transmission k is greater than the number of parameter set of theTDRA included in one entry of the determined TDRA set, retransmit data corresponding to thepartial sets of TDRA parameters according to a predefined rule or rule pre-configured by thebase station; and / or the first data transmission module 53 is specifically configured to: when thedetermined preset number of transmission k is not greater than the number of parameter set ofthe TDRA included in one entry of the determined TDRA set, transmit data corresponding to thefirst k sets of TDRA parameters in the TDRA set.

[0348] In an exemplary embodiment, the first determining module 52 comprises: afirst acquiring unit, a second acquiring unit and a first determining unit, wherein, the firstacquiring unit is configured to acquire a candidate set pre-configured by the base station.

[0349] In an exemplary embodiment, the candidate set includes multiple presetcombinations, and the preset combination includes at least one of the following: a slot offset, acombination of a start and length indicator SLIV, a start position S and a time domain length L,wherein, each preset combination is provided with a corresponding index; the second acquiringunit is configured to acquire the indication information transmitted by the base station.

[0350] In an exemplary embodiment, the indication information is used to indicateone of the indexes corresponding to the preset combination; the first determining unit isconfigured to determine the transmission format of data transmission based on the candidate setpre-configured by the base station and acquired by the first acquiring unit as well as theindication information transmitted by the base station and acquired by the second acquiring unit.

[0351] In an exemplary embodiment, the second acquiring unit is specificallyconfigured to acquire a TDRA set transmitted by the base station.- 87 -

[0352] In an exemplary embodiment, each entry of the TDRA set includes one ormore pieces of indication information.

[0353] In an exemplary embodiment,, the first determining module 52 is specificallyconfigured to: when it is determined that one entry of the TDRA set includes multiple sets oftime domain resource parameters, determine a time domain position of a first demodulationsignal (DMRS) for the data transmission according to a relative start position of each presettransmission in each parameter set of time domain resource.

[0354] In an exemplary embodiment,, the first determining module 52 is configuredto determine a fixed modulation scheme according to the received DCI and / or the higher layersignaling, wherein, the fixed modulation scheme is a modulation scheme adopted by each presettransmission; and / or, the first determining module 52 is further configured to determine themodulation scheme adopted by at least one preset transmission according to an actualtransmission efficiency and / or a code rate, wherein, the actual transmission efficiency and / or thecode rate are acquired by the received DCI and / or the higher layer signaling.

[0355] In an exemplary embodiment,, the first determining module 52 comprises athird acquiring unit and a second determining unit, wherein, the third acquiring unit is configuredto acquire a modulation and code scheme (MCS) index indicated in the DCI and / or the higherlayer signaling.

[0356] In an exemplary embodiment, the second determining unit is configured todetermine the modulation scheme adopted by the first preset transmission(s) according to theMCS index acquired by the third acquiring unit.

[0357] In an exemplary embodiment, the second determining unit is specificallyconfigured to determine the modulation scheme adopted by the first preset transmission(s) as the - 88 -modulation scheme corresponding to the MCS index in a MCS index table; and / or the seconddetermining unit is further configured to adjust a modulation order if the code rate correspondingto the MCS index is greater than the preset threshold when used for the first presettransmission(s), and determine the modulation scheme adopted by the first preset transmission(s)based on the adjusted modulation order.

[0358] In an exemplary embodiment, the first determining module 52 is specificallyconfigured to determine the transport block size (TBS), wherein, the TB is a TB correspondingto the PUSCH or a TB corresponding to the PDSCH.

[0359] In an exemplary embodiment, the first determining module 52 is furtherconfigured to determine a code rate and / or a spectral efficiency adopted by the at least one presettransmission according to at least one of the following: TBS, and the number of symbols actuallytransmitted by the at least one preset transmission; the first determining module 52 is furtherconfigured to determine the modulation scheme adopted by the at least one preset transmissionaccording to at least one of the following: the code rate adopted by the at least one presettransmission, the spectral efficiency adopted by the at least one preset transmission, predefinedTBS table, code rate threshold; and spectrum efficiency threshold.

[0360] In an exemplary embodiment, the first determining module 52 is furtherconfigured to determine, in the predefined TBS table, a row which the first code rate and / or thefirst spectral efficiency are corresponding to, according to the code rate and / or the spectralefficiency adopted by the at least one preset transmission.

[0361] In an exemplary embodiment, the first determining module 52 is furtherconfigured to determine a modulation scheme adopted by the at least one preset transmission- 89 -according to a modulation order indicated by the row to which the first code rate and / or the firstspectral efficiency correspond to.

[0362] In an exemplary embodiment, the first code rate and / or the first spectralefficiency is: a code rate and / or a spectral efficiency closest to the code rate and / or the spectralefficiency adopted by the at least one preset transmission in a predefined TBS table.

[0363] In an exemplary embodiment, the first determining module 52 is specificallyconfigured to determine a time density of the PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s)according to the received DCI and / or the higher layer signaling; and / or, the first determiningmodule 52 is configured to determine the time domain locations of the PT-RS corresponding toall the preset transmission(s) or the time domain location of the PT-RS corresponding to any ofpreset transmission(s) according to the time density of the PT-RS corresponding to the presettransmission(s); and / or, the first determining module 52 is configured to determine the location(s)time-frequency resource of the PT-RS of the PUSCH according to the time density of the PT-RScorresponding to the preset transmission(s) and a time set.

[0364] In an exemplary embodiment, the first determining module 52 is specificallyconfigured to determine the time density of the PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s)according to the MCS index in the MCS table corresponding to the average spectral efficiencycorresponding to all the preset transmission(s) and / or the average code rate corresponding to allthe preset transmission(s); and / or, the first determining module 52 is specifically configured todetermine the time density of the PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s) by the MCSindex scheduled by the DCI or configured by the higher layer signaling; and / or, the firstdetermining module 52 is specifically configured to determine the time density of the PT-RScorresponding to the preset transmission(s) according to the MCS index in the MCS table - 90 -corresponding to the actual code rate of any of preset transmission(s) and / or the MCS index inthe MCS table corresponding to the actual spectrum efficiency of any of preset transmission(s);and / or, the first determining module 52 is specifically configured to determine the time densityof the PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s) according to the MCS index in theMCS table corresponding to the actual spectrum efficiency of the first preset transmission(s)and / or the MCS index in the MCS table corresponding to the actual code rate of the first presettransmission(s); and / or, the first determining module 52 is specifically configured to determine atime density of the PT-RS corresponding to the preset transmission(s) according to a referencesignaling density parameter, wherein, the reference signaling density parameter is configured bythe base station using the higher layer signaling or DCI; and / or, the first determining module 52is specifically configured to determine the time density of the PT-RS corresponding to the presettransmission(s) as a preset value.

[0365] In an exemplary embodiment,, upon determining the time density of PT-RScorresponding to the preset transmission(s) by the MCS index scheduled by the DCI orconfigured by the higher layer signaling, the first determining module 52 is specificallyconfigured to: acquire, at least one MCS table and a threshold of time density of at least onePT-RS corresponding to each of MCS tables; determine, MCS table corresponding to the presettransmission(s) from the at least one acquired MCS table; determine, the time density of PT-RScorresponding to the preset transmission(s), according to the MCS index scheduled by the DCIor configured by the higher layer signaling and the determined threshold of time density of the atleast one PT-RS corresponding to MCS table.

[0366] In an exemplary embodiment, the time set comprises: the start position of theTDRA of PUSCH of any of multiple preset transmission(s) or the start position of the first preset - 91 -transmission(s), or the start position of the continuous symbol set and / or the slot of the startposition of in all PUSCH preset transmission(s); and / or, the PUSCH time domain resource ofany of multiple preset transmission(s) or the PUSCH time domain resource of any of presettransmission(s), or the time domain resource of all preset transmission(s) actually transmitted byPUSCH.

[0367] In an exemplary embodiment, the first determining module 52 is specificallyconfigured to determine a potential resource set not for data mapping according to theconfiguration information in the higher layer signaling, and determine resource set not for a datamapping according to the indication information in the DCI for indicating the data channeltransmission; and / or, the first determining module 52 is specifically configured to determineresource set not for a data mapping set according to the configuration information in the higherlayer signaling; and / or, the first determining module 52 is configured to determine the potentialresource set not for data mapping by the configuration information in the higher layer signaling,and determine the data mapping avoidance resource according to the group common DCI.

[0368] In an exemplary embodiment, provides a user equipment. In certainembodiments, the UE is configured for: receiving DCI and / or higher layer signaling transmittedby a base station; determining a transmission format of the data transmission according to thereceived DCI and / or the higher layer signaling, wherein, the transmission format includes at leastone of the following: a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, a preset number oftransmission, a modulation scheme, a resource location for reference signal and a transport blocksize, and wherein, the preset number of transmission includes: a number of transmission and / or anumber of repetition; and performing the data transmission based on the transmission format ofdata transmission. That is, the UE may receive the transmission format of data transmission - 92 -configured by the base station, including at least one of the following: a time domain resource, afrequency domain resource, a preset number of transmission, a modulation scheme, a resourcelocation for reference signal and a transport block size, and perform the data transmissionaccording to the transmission format received by the base station, thereby solving the problemthat the transmission format such as the modulation scheme, the reference signal, the resourceposition in each preset transmission is difficult to be determined due to the different lengths ofthe symbols used in each actual preset transmission.

[0369] The UE provided by various embodiments according to the presentapplication is suitable to embodiment of methods such as described above, and details will notbe described herein here.

[0370] In an embodiment, a base station, for example, as shown in FIG.6 may includea second determining module 61, a transmission module 62 and a second data transmissionmodule 63. However, all of the illustrated components are not necessarily essential. The basestation may be implemented in configurations having more or less components than thoseillustrated in Figure 6.

[0371] In an exemplary embodiment, the second determining module 61 isconfigured to determine a transmission format of data transmission.

[0372] In an exemplary embodiment, the transmission module 62 is configured totransmit the transmission format of data transmission by the DCI and / or the higher layersignaling.

[0373] In an exemplary embodiment, the second data transmission module 63 isconfigured to perform the data transmission based on the transmission format of datatransmission.- 93 -

[0374] In an exemplary embodiment, the transmission format includes at least one ofthe following: a time domain resource, a frequency domain resource, a preset number oftransmission, a modulation scheme, a resource location for reference signal and a transport blocksize, and wherein, the preset number of transmission includes: a number of transmission and / or anumber of repetition.

[0375] Certain embodiments of the present application provide a base station. Certainembodiments of the present application comprise a base station configured for: determining atransmission format of data transmission; transmitting the transmission format of datatransmission by the DCI and / or the higher layer signaling; performing the data transmissionbased on the transmission format of data transmission. That is, in certain embodiments accordingto the present application, when the base station determines the transmission format of datatransmission, the determined transmission format of data transmission may be transmitted to UEby the DCI and / or the higher layer signaling, such that that UE acquires the transmission formatrequired by the data transmission, and the data transmission is performed after acquiring thetransmission format, to solve the problem that the transmission format such as the modulationscheme, the reference signal, the resource position in each preset transmission is difficult to bedetermined due to the different lengths of the symbols used in each actual preset transmission.

[0376] The base station provided by certain embodiments of the present application issuitable for, without limitation, practicing embodiments of the methods described above, andfurther details will not be described herein.

[0377] The foregoing describes certain embodiments of the method of datatransmission, certain embodiments of the virtual device of UE, and certain embodiments of a - 94 -virtual device of the base station. According to certain embodiments, a physical device of the UEand a physical device of the base station, are as follows:

[0378] As shown in the illustrative example of FIG.7, the UE 700 shown in FIG.7includes: a processor 701, a memory 703 and communication interface 704. However, each ofthe illustrated components is not necessarily essential. The UE 700 may be implemented inembodiments having more or less components than those illustrated in Figure 7. In addition, theprocessor 701, the memory 703 and the communication interface 704 may be implemented as asingle chip according to another embodiment. Furthermore, the UEs described above maycorrespond to the UE 700. For example, the UE illustrated in FIGURE 5d may correspond to theUE 700. The aforementioned components will now be described in detail.

[0379] According to certain embodiments, processor 701 is connected to the memory703, such as through a bus 702. The processor 701 may include one or more processors or otherprocessing devices that control the proposed function, process, and / or method. Operation of theUE may be implemented by the processor 701.

[0380] In an embodiment, the communication interface 704 may include an antenna.It should be noted that the communication interface 704 is not limited to one in the actualapplication, and the structure of the UE 700 does not limit certain embodiments of the presentapplication. The communication interface 704 may correspond to a transceiver.

[0381] The communication interface 704 may include a RF transmitter forup-converting and amplifying a transmitted signal, and a RF receiver for down-converting afrequency of a received signal. However, according to another embodiment, the communicationinterface 704 may be implemented by more or less components than those illustrated incomponents.- 95 -

[0382] The communication interface 704 may be connected to the processor 701 andtransmit and / or receive a signal. The signal may include control information and data. In addition,the communication interface 704 may receive the signal through a wireless channel and outputthe signal to the processor 701. The communication interface 704 may transmit a signal outputfrom the processor 701 through the wireless channel.

[0383] The processor 701 may be a CPU, a general purpose processor, a DSP, anASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, transistor logic device, hardwarecomponent, or any combination thereof. The processor 701 may implement or carry out thevarious illustrative logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the presentdisclosure. The processor 701 may also be a combination of computing functions, such as acombination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, andthe like.

[0384] The bus 702 can include a path for communicating information between thecomponents described above. The bus 702 may be a PCI bus or an EISA bus or the like. The bus702 may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease ofillustration, the bus is represented by only one solid line in FIG.7, but it does not mean that thereis only one bus or one type of bus.

[0385] According to various embodiments, memory 703 may be an ROM or othertype of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, RAM or othertypes of dynamic storage devices that can store information and instructions, or may beEEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, optical disc storage (including compact disc,laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc, Blu-ray disc, etc.), magnetic disk storage media orother magnetic storage devices, or any other media that can be used to carry or store desired - 96 -program codes in the form of instruction or data structure and can be accessed by the computer,but not limited to this.

[0386] The memory 703 may store the control information or the data included in asignal obtained by the UE 700. The memory 703 may be connected to the processor 701 andstore at least one instruction or a protocol or a parameter for the proposed function, process,and / or method. The memory 703 is used to store application codes for executing the solution ofthe present application, and is controlled by the processor 701 for execution. The processor 701is configured to execute application codes stored in the memory 703 to implement the contentshown in any of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0387] The present application provides a user equipment. In certain embodiments, aUE according to the present application comprises a UE with a controller configured for:receiving DCI and / or higher layer signaling transmitted by a base station; determining atransmission format of the data transmission according to the received DCI and / or the higherlayer signaling, wherein, the transmission format includes at least one of the following: a timedomain resource, a frequency domain resource, a preset number of transmission, a modulationscheme, a resource location for reference signal and a transport block size, and wherein, thepreset number of transmission includes: a number of transmission and / or a number of repetition;and performing the data transmission based on the transmission format of data transmission. Thatis, the UE may receive the transmission format of data transmission configured by the basestation, including at least one of the following: a time domain resource, a frequency domainresource, a preset number of transmission, a modulation scheme, a resource location forreference signal and a transport block size, and perform the data transmission according to thetransmission format received by the base station, thereby solving the problem that the - 97 -transmission format such as the modulation scheme, the reference signal, the resource position ineach preset transmission is difficult to be determined due to the different lengths of the symbolsused in each actual preset transmission.

[0388] In an exemplary embodiment, the processor 701 may receive at least one ofdownlink control information (DCI) or higher layer signaling from a base station, determine thetransmission format of the data transmission based on at least one of the DCI or the higher layersignaling, and perform the data transmission based on the determined transmission format,wherein the transmission format comprises at least one of a time domain resource, a frequencydomain resource, a modulation scheme, a resource location for reference signal, a transport blocksize, the number of repetitions or the number of transmissions.

[0389] Certain embodiments according to the present disclosure comprise a basestation. As shown in the non-limiting example of FIG.8, the base station 800 shown in FIG.8includes: a processor 801, a memory 803 and communication interface 804. However, each ofthe illustrated components is not necessarily essential. Certain embodiments of base station 800may be implemented with more or fewer components than those illustrated in Figure 8. Inaddition, the processor 801, the memory 803 and the communication interface 804 may, incertain embodiments, be implemented as a single chip. Furthermore, the base stations describedabove may correspond to the base station 800. For example, the base station illustrated inFIGURE 6 may correspond to the base station 800. The aforementioned components will now bedescribed in detail.

[0390] According to various embodiments, processor 801 is connected to the memory803, such as through a bus 802. The processor 801 may include one or more processors or other - 98 -processing devices that control the proposed function, process, and / or method. Operation of theUE may be implemented by the processor 801.

[0391] In an embodiment, the communication interface 804 may include an antenna.It should be noted that the communication interface 804 is not limited to one in the actualapplication, and the structure of the base station 800 does not limit certain embodiments of thepresent application. The communication interface 804 may correspond to a transceiver.

[0392] In certain embodiments, communication interface 804 may include a RFtransmitter for up-converting and amplifying a transmitted signal, and a RF receiver fordown-converting a frequency of a received signal. However, according to another embodiment,the communication interface 804 may be implemented by more or less components than thoseillustrated in components.

[0393] The communication interface 804 may be connected to the processor 801 andtransmit and / or receive a signal. The signal may include control information and data. In addition,the communication interface 804 may receive the signal through a wireless channel and outputthe signal to the processor 801. The communication interface 804 may transmit a signal outputfrom the processor 801 through the wireless channel.

[0394] The processor 801 may be a CPU, a general purpose processor, a DSP, anASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, transistor logic device, hardwarecomponent, or any combination thereof. The processor 801 may implement or carry out thevarious illustrative logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the presentdisclosure. The processor 801 can also be a combination of computing functions, such as acombination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, andthe like.- 99 -

[0395] The bus 802 may include a path for communicating information between thecomponents described above. The bus 802 may be a PCI bus or an EISA bus or the like. The bus802 may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like. For ease ofillustration, the bus is represented by only one solid line in FIG.8, but the figure should not beconstrued as requiring that there be only one bus or one type of bus.

[0396] The memory 803 may store the control information or the data included in asignal obtained by the base station 800. The memory 803 may be connected to the processor 801and store at least one instruction or a protocol or a parameter for the proposed function, process,and / or method. The memory 803 may be an ROM or other type of static storage device that maystore static information and instructions, an RAM without departing from the principles of the present invention. The improvements andmodifications should be considered as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0411] Although the present disclosure has been described with various embodiments,various changes and modifications may be suggested to one skilled in the art. It is intended thatthe present disclosure encompass such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of theappended claims.

Claims

CLAIM:

1. A method of performing a data transmission, the method performed by a userequipment (UE) and comprising:receiving at least one of downlink control information (DCI) or higher layer signalingfrom a base station;determining a transmission format of the data transmission based on at least one of theDCI or the higher layer signaling; andperforming the data transmission based on the determined transmission format,wherein the transmission format comprises at least one of a time domain resource, afrequency domain resource, a modulation scheme, a resource location for a reference signal, atransport block size, a number of repetitions or a number of transmissions.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of the transmission format of thedata transmission based on the DCI or the higher layer signaling, comprises:determining a time domain resource allocation (TDRA) set based on the higher layerdetermining an entry of the TDRA set according to the DCI; anddetermining the number of transmissions based on a number of parameter sets of thedetermined entry of the TDRA set.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein a parameter set of the entry of the TDRA setcomprise at least one of a Start symbol and Length Indicator Value (SLIV) and a mapping type.- 105 -4. The method of claim 3, wherein the number of transmissions is determined basedon a number of SLIVs of the determined entry of the TDRA set.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein the entry of the TDRA set comprises at least twoparameter sets and each of the parameter sets corresponds to the time domain resource.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining of the transmission format of thedetermining a time domain resource allocation (TDRA) set according to the higher layerdetermining the number of repetitions according to a number of parameter sets of the7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:determining a TDRA mapping method based on a format of the DCI received from thebase station.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing of the data transmission based onthe determined transmission format comprises:determining at least one resource to be bypassed; andperforming the data transmission based on the determined transmission format and the atleast one resource to be bypassed,- 106 -wherein the at least one resource to be bypassed comprises at least one of a resource notfor data mapping as indicated by Radio Resource Control (RRC) or a resource that needs datamapping avoidance dynamically indicated by the DCI.- 107 -9. A method of performing a data transmission, the method performed by a basestation and comprising:determining a transmission format of the data transmission;transmitting information regarding the transmission format of the data transmission,based on at least one of downlink control information (DCI) or higher layer signaling; andfrequency domain resource, a modulation scheme, a resource location for reference signal, a10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:determining a TDRA mapping method; andtransmitting a DCI having a format of the DCI corresponding to the determined TDRAmapping method.- 108 -11. A user equipment (UE) for performing data transmission, the UE comprising:a transceiver; andat least one processor coupled to the transceiver and configured to:receive at least one of downlink control information (DCI) or higher layer signaling froma base station, determine a transmission format of the data transmission based on at least one ofthe DCI or the higher layer signaling, and perform the data transmission based on the determined12. The UE of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:determine a time domain resource allocation (TDRA) set based on the higher layersignaling, determine an entry of the TDRA set according to the DCI, and determine the numberof transmissions based on a number of parameter sets of the determined entry of the TDRA set.

13. The UE of claim 12, wherein a parameter set of the entry of the TDRA set14. The UE of claim 13, wherein the number of transmissions is determined based on- 109 -15. The UE of claim 12, wherein the entry of the TDRA set comprises at least two16. The UE of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:determine a time domain resource allocation (TDRA) set according to the higher layerdetermine an entry of the TDRA set according to the DCI; anddetermine the number of repetitions according to a number of parameter sets of the17. The UE of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:determine a TDRA mapping method based on a format of the DCI received from the base18. The UE of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:determine at least one resource to be bypassed; andperform the data transmission based on the determined transmission format and the at- 110 -19. A base station for performing a data transmission, the base station comprising:determine a transmission format of the data transmission, transmit information regardingthe transmission format of the data transmission, based on at least one of downlink controlinformation (DCI) or higher layer signaling, and perform the data transmission based on the20. The base station of claim 19, wherein the processor is further configured to:determine a TDRA mapping method, andtransmit a DCI having a format of the DCI corresponding to the determined TDRA