Non-invasive method of detecting glucose and smart automated insulin pen

Abstract

The present invention discloses a non-invasive method of detecting glucose, and a smart automated insulin pen for implementing the non-invasive technique. The insulin pen detects the blood glucose level by measuring acetone concentration in breath of a subject using linear regression classifier. The smart automated insulin pen comprises a mask 120, a Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) sensor 130 fixed to the mask 120, a NodeMCU with ESP32 Microcontroller 140 communicatively coupled with the VOC sensor 130, an OLED Display150, a cloud server 160, and a servomotor 170, and a syringe 180 connected with the servomotor 170. The mask 120 collects the breath 110 of the subject 100. The VOC sensor 130 detects acetone concentration in the breath 110 of the subject 100. Here, the cloud server 160 and the OLED Display 150 is accessible by a physician 190 associated with the subject 100.

Description

FIELD OF INVENTIONThe present invention is related to the field of health management which is an automatic method of deciding the insulin requirement and subsequently loading it to the syringe after detecting the glucose level in a non-invasive technique.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONIn this day and age of increased reliance on technology for proper administration and treatment of ailments, accurate medicine dosage becomes an important criterion. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in every country. Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes are three main types of diabetes, although there are some other forms of DM. The control of blood glucose levels relies on blood glucose measurement. Diabetic subjects, whether Type 1 or Type 2, are encouraged to check their blood glucose levels several times per day.Currently the most common means of checking is by using a finger-prick glucose meter. In this way, diabetic subjects can obtain a clear picture of their blood glucose levels for therapy optimization and for insulin dosage adjustment for those who need daily injections. But this method is painful and tedious. Several time pricking on finger creates irritation in the mind also the medical wastes created by this is more which are hard to be recycled. So this has become one challenge in the medical field to convince the subjects for repeated blood glucose checking. Insulin is a very useful drug which has proved to be a breakthrough in diabetes type II (DMT 2) medication and treatment. However, slight miscalculation of the dosage could cause adverse effects and even prove fatal. So this calculation of insulin according to the blood glucose level must be very much accurate failing which will lead to severe issues. So the 2nd challenge of managing diabetes without significant hypoglycaemia relates to the wide fluctuation in insulin requirements to maintain euglycemia, among people and for the same person from day-to-day and in different situations. Insulin needs are impacted by a host of factors, including food intake, activity level, illness, emotional stress, sleep deprivation, and menstrual cycle.The third challenge is the time delay between subcutaneous insulin injection and insulin action to lower blood glucose levels, which can extend to more than an hour. As a result, it is exceedingly difficult for an individual to accurately predict how much insulin is needed in any particular situation, often resulting in hypo- or hyperglycaemia.The fourth challenge can be in availability of a doctor / health care person to monitor the changes in the blood glucose level and to calculate immediately the dosage of insulin to the person under observation.Following prior arts have been reviewed, and corresponding disclosures are represented herein. The prior art JP2019142858A discloses methods and systems for non-invasively monitoring the biological or biochemical parameters and conditions of an individual. The invention monitors various parameters and conditions related to biological fluids such as blood, blood glucose concentration, respiration, blood oxygen measurement, blood coagulation, as well as parameters related to the viscera being tested. It includes the methods only to find the values of different parameters.The prior art CN201710599767.4A discloses a photo induced ultrasonic blood sugar noninvasive detection device and a photo induced ultrasonic blood sugar noninvasive detection method. The signal processing device comprises a signal amplifier, a digital oscilloscope, a GPIB-USB interface card, a computer and a focal length controller which are electrically connected in sequence; the laser is electrically connected with the digital oscilloscope, the annular ultrasonic detector is electrically connected with the signal amplifier, the focusing lens is electrically connected with the computer through the focal length controller, the annular ultrasonic detector and the tested tissue are uniformly coated with the ultrasonic coupling liquid, and the front end face of the annular ultrasonic detector is in parallel and close contact with the surface of the tested tissue. The photo induced ultrasonic blood sugar non-invasive detection device and method disclosed by the invention have the advantages of simple structure, easiness in realization and strong applicability. The prior art US20080097170A1 discloses a blood glucose monitoring system which comprises (i) a blood glucose monitor for monitoring a blood glucose level and for producing digitally encoded blood glucose level signals representative of the blood glucose level, (ii) a programmable microprocessor-based portable unit, (iii) digital data storage media tangibly embodying therein processor-executable program instructions to signal process in response to signals based upon the digitally encoded blood glucose level signals and further to signal process insulin dosage data, and calibration information, (iv) a signal interface connected in signal communication with the programmable microprocessor-based portable unit and the blood glucose monitor for directly coupling the digitally encoded blood glucose level signals supplied by the blood glucose monitor to the programmable microprocessor-based portable unit, and (v) a signal processor for performing signal processing functions in accordance with the program instructions.The prior art US20050043603A discloses a non-invasive blood glucose monitoring system wherein sensors in contact with separate locations on the ear and calibrated to be accurate to at least ±0.035 degrees Centigrade take the ear temperatures at these locations up to four times per minute continuously to calculate the temperature differential, and using this temperature differential in conjunction with a value determined by taking the square root of the product of the fasting blood glucose and HbA1c that becomes the base line glucose reference level, it can be determined that if the temperature differential decreases, then the blood glucose has increased 1 mg / dl per approximately 0.024 C, while if the temperature differential increases, the blood glucose has decreased 1 mg / dl per approximately 0.024 C.The prior art CN 201010247470 discloses an invention where a servo motor control system of an all-electric injection moulding machine, comprising an injection moulding machine computer controller, a servo motor controller and a PLC controller. The computer controller is connected with the servo motor controller through a CAN bus. The servo motor controller is connected with a servo motor, and the computer controller is connected with PLC controller. The servo motor controller can be a mould opening / closing servo motor controller where a plastic injection servo motor controller, a plasticizing pressure holding servo motor controller and an ejection servo motor can be moulded. The invention also discloses a control method for the control system. Technological procedures capable of being performed simultaneously are synchronously controlled through performing mould opening / closing control, plasticizing control, plastic injection control, pressure holding control, ejection control, mobile control of an injection platform and mould adjustment control on the motor of the electric injection moulding machine, thereby saving one third of the production time. None of the above prior arts discloses a simple non-invasive method of detecting blood glucose level of a subject, and determining insulin dosage based on the detected blood glucose level. Further loading the required amount of insulin automatically to the syringe is unique in the present invention. Additionally, monitoring the subject's blood glucose level, and insulin requirement with the help of database maintained in cloud and finding an alert notification on the OLED Display remotely is an exclusive step of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention represents an inventive step in this area.OBJECT OF THE INVENTIONOne object of the present invention is to provide a non-invasive technique for blood glucose detection by measuring concentration of acetone presence in breath which can be mapped on to the blood glucose level using linear regression classifier. Yet another object of the present invention is to calculate the required insulin according to the detected blood glucose level using insulin dosing correction formula where weighted average of the insulin required over 24 hours is considered to be final. Yet another object of the present invention is to carry the procedure by which insulin is loaded automatically to the syringe based on the glucose level.Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an intelligent architecture for the surveillance of diabetic disease that will allow physicians to remotely monitor the health of their subjects through sensors integrated into smartphones and smart portable devices. Yet another object of the present invention is that the amount of non-recyclable waste generated are very less in the system and whatever waste is generated can be recycled under electronic waste which can be further made into other electronic products.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe disclosure is directed to a system known as Smart Automated Insulin Pen with Noninvasive method of Glucose Detection which incorporates functions of sensing acetone in breath actuating the system to calculate the blood sugar level and required insulin and control in order to load insulin automatically by analyzing the acetone concentration as well based on the available data in a predictive manner, thereby performing smart actions. One aspect of the invention is to provide a noninvasive method of Blood Glucose detection in blood. As acetone concentration in breath has a direct relation with blood glucose level, so in the present invention MQ 138 sensor is used to find the acetone concentration in breath. Breath of a diabetic subject contains ketones, the concentration of which is proportional to the blood glucose level. Thus, measurement of acetone in breath is mapped on to the blood glucose level, giving a non-invasive measurement procedure.One more aspect of the invention is to find the insulin requirement based on the detected Blood Glucose level and to load it automatically to the syringe. Because of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology automated insulin delivery (AID) system is designed. This AID involves CGM values feeding into a closed-loop control (CLC) algorithm running on an insulin pump (embedded AID) or on a smart phone (Mobile AID). After finding the required insulin dosage level according to weighted average of glucose level readings over 24 hours, insulin is automatically loaded to the syringe using a servomotor.In another aspect, the present invention gives an easy remote access to all the measured parameters to the physician who wants to monitor the health condition of the subject. In the complete process the wastes generated are very less and can be recycled too. Other aspects, advantages, and salient features of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which delineate the present invention in different embodiments.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING FIGURESThe advantages of the invention can be understood in a better way by analyzing and studying the accompanied figures, in which:Fig. 1(a) is the complete Block diagram of the proposed model showing the complete system;Fig. 1(b) shows the interfacing between NodeMCU and MQ-138;Fig. 1(c) shows the interfacing between NodeMCU and OLED Display;Fig. 1(d) shows the interfacing between NodeMCU and Servo Motor;Fig. 2 shows a flow chart representing all the steps carried in the system;Fig. 3 shows typical sensitivity curve of the VOC Gas Sensor-MQ138;Fig. 4 shows Sensor readings on nondiabetic and diabetic volunteers.DETAILED DESCRIPTIONVarious embodiments described herein are intended only for illustrative purposes and subject to many variations. It is understood that various omissions and substitutions of equivalents are contemplated as circumstances may suggest or render expedient, but are intended to cover the application or implementation without departing from the scope of the present invention. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limitingThe use of terms "including," "comprising," or "having" and variations thereof herein are meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. Further, the terms, "an" and "a" herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced item.As shown in Fig. 1(a), the system is working as a complete solution for finding out blood glucose level and deciding the insulin required for the subject under observation and subsequently loading the required insulin to the syringe. The subject under observation 100 is given a mask 120. The mask 120 is attached with a volatile organic compounds (VOC) gas sensor 130. Here the volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensor 130 used is MQ138. When the subject under observation breathes it is 110 collected in the mask 120 and is sensed by the volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensor 130.Further as shown in Fig.1 (b) there is an interfacing between the volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensor 130 (MQ138) and the nodeMCU with ESP32 140. The signal form volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensor 130 (MQ138) is carried to nodeMCU with ESP32 140. Fig. 1 (c) shows the interfacing diagram between nodeMCU with ESP32 140 with OLED 150. Thus, the processed signal from nodeMCU with ESP32 140 can be displayed on the OLED 150 as per the requirements.Fig. 1(d) shows the interfacing between nodeMCU with ESP32 140 and servomotor 170. According to the command from nodeMCU with ESP32 140 the servomotor 170 rotates for the required angular displacement. Fig. 2 shows the flowchart for the working of the system which consists of all the steps carried for the smooth working and fulfilling the requirements. As shown in Fig. 2 when the subject under observation 100 is required to be monitored for blood sugar level the system starts working with step S20 and a mask 120 is put to the subject's nose. If the subject 100 is to be continuously monitored then the mask 120 is put on the subject's 100 face covering mouth and nose continuously. A volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensor (MQ138) 130 is fixed inside the mask 120. The breath 110 of the subject 100 is collected by the mask 120 as per step S21 and sensed by volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensor 130 (MQ138) as step S22. The volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensor 130 (MQ138) is very effective in the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOC) such as acetone, ethanol and benzene. The blood glucose level of subject is measured using clinical method. A linear regression classifier is trained to map breath acetone to blood glucose value. The volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensor 130 (MQ138) is connected to a NodeMCU with ESP32 Microcontroller 140 which is interfaced with OLED 150 to show the acetone concentration in breath, which is recorded. According to step S23 the volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensor 130 (MQ138) Sensor senses the acetone concentration and through NodeMCU with ESP32 Microcontroller 140 the signal is send to be displayed on OLED 150. As per Step S24 using Clinical method blood glucose level of subject is measured where linear regression classifier is trained to map breathe acetone to blood glucose value. As the Blood Glucose Level of the subject 100 is continuously monitored so to have a standard observation a clinically approved blood glucose level for random glucose test is referred. Where blood glucose level from 100 to 140 is considered as acceptable range. If blood glucose value is below 100 it is considered as low blood glucose and if it is greater than 140 it is considered as high. Accordingly a code has been written in NodeMCU with ESP32 Microcontroller 140. Thus after finding the blood glucose level as per S25 the blood glucose level is High or Low is decided by NodeMCU with 15 ESP32 Microcontroller 140. After deciding the Blood glucose level whether High / Low Step 26 takes place where a tick is placed on the OLED 150 as per the instruction and decision made by NodeMCU with ESP32 Microcontroller 140. At the same time as per S27 the time of measurement and value of measured Blood Sugar is maintained in the cloud 160 for further reference by the physician 190. As per step S28 Amount of insulin required according to detected blood glucose level is calculated using the code written in NodeMCU with ESP32 Microcontroller 140 as per insulin dosing work sheet -correction formula. As per step S29 whether there is any insulin requirement or not is decided by the NodeMCU with ESP32 Microcontroller 140. If there is no insulin requirement detected then the whole process again starts from step S20. If there is a requirement of insulin is detected by the NodeMCU with ESP32 Microcontroller 140 then as per Step S210 the value of insulin dosage requirement is maintained in the cloud 160, simultaneously as per Step S211 the required insulin dosing value is sent to servomotor 170 by the NodeMCU with ESP32 Microcontroller 140. As per Step S212 Servomotor 170 helps in pushing the amount of insulin to the micro injection syringe 180. Now as per Step 213 Insulin is loaded to the syringe180 with microneedle. At the same time the data related to calculated glucose value and insulin requirement which is maintained in the cloud 160 is made available for the physician 190 to access remotely.Fig. 3 shows the simulated results for the typical sensitivity curve of volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensor 130 (MQ138). Where the the abscissa 310 is the concentration of gases and ordinate 320 of Fig. 3 shows the resistance ratio of the sensor (Rs / R0 ). Rs means resistance in target gas with different concentration, R0 means resistance of sensor in clean air. All tests are finished under standard test conditions.Fig. 4 shows the volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensor 130 (MQ138) readings on nondiabetic and diabetic volunteers plotted in the form of a graph where the the abscissa 410 is the blood glucose level in mg / dl and the ordinate 420 shows volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensor 130 (MQ138) output voltage in mv. Fig. 4 clearly shows that as the blood glucose value for any subject 100 increases the output voltage of volatile organic compounds (VOC) sensor 130 (MQ138) also increases.The foregoing descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and 15 variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, to thereby enable the persons skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is understood that various omissions, substitutions of equivalents are contemplated as circumstance may suggest or render expedient, but is intended to cover the application or implementation without departing from the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Smart Automated Insulin Pen comprising: a mask 120 for collecting breath 110 of a subject 100; a Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) sensor 130 fixed to the mask 120, wherein the VOC sensor 130 is configured for detecting presence of acetone in the breath 110 of the subject 100; a NodeMCU with ESP32 Microcontroller 140 communicatively coupled with the VOC sensor 130, an OLED Display150, a cloud server 160, and a servomotor 170; a syringe 180 connected with the servomotor 170; wherein the cloud server 160 and the OLED Display 150 is accessible by a physician 190 associated with the subject 100.

2. The Smart Automated Insulin Pen as claimed in claim 1, provides a non-invasive method of detection of glucose in blood without any pain to the subject by use of the VOC sensor 130 (MQ138).

3. The Smart Automated Insulin Pen as claimed in claim 1, provides a technique for determination of insulin required as per the blood glucose detected by the use of NodeMCU with ESP32 Microcontroller 140.

4. The Smart Automated Insulin Pen as claimed in claim 1, provides a technique where determined insulin amount is pushed by the servomotor 170, and loaded to the syringe 180 with microneedle.

5. The Smart Automated Insulin Pen as claimed in claim 1, is a system where data related to glucose level and insulin dosage is maintained in the cloud server 160 which is remotely accessible by the physician 190.

6. The Smart Automated Insulin Pen as claimed in claim 1, is a system where the data related to acetone concentration in breath 110 and the blood glucose level of the subject 100 which is displayed on the OLED Display 150 is accessible remotely by the physician 190.

7. The Smart Automated Insulin Pen as claimed in claim 1, is a smart system producing very less wastes and most of the wastes can be recycled and reusable.

8. A non-invasive method of detecting glucose in a subject by a Smart Automated Insulin Pen, the method comprising: collecting, by a mask 120 of the Smart Automated Insulin Pen, breath 110 of the subject 100; detecting, by a Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) sensor 130 disposed within the mask 120, acetone concentration in the breath 110 of the subject 100; determining, by the VOC sensor 130, a blood glucose level of the subject 100 based on the detected acetone concentration in a non-invasive manner; sending, by the VOC sensor 130, a signal to a NodeMCU with ESP32 Microcontroller 140 of the Smart Automated Insulin Pen for determining required insulin dosage; and loading, by a servomotor 170 of the Smart Automated Insulin Pen, the determined insulin dosage to a syringe 180 with microneedle connected to the servomotor 170.

9. The method as claimed in claim 8 comprises displaying, on an OLED Display 150 of the Smart Automated Insulin Pen, the glucose value.

10. The method as claimed in claim 8 comprises maintaining data related to glucose level and insulin dosage in the cloud server 160 which is remotely accessible by the physician 190.