Surgical drill heads that detect the depth of penetration into hard tissues using a contact link

Abstract

One of the problems of orthopedic drilling, such as skull and lumbar spine surgery, is the evacuation of the cancellous tissue of the bone center, which causes serious injury to the patient and prolongs the recovery period. Detecting the passage of the drill through the cortical part and entering the cancellous tissue requires great experience and precision of the surgeon. Designing and manufacturing an intelligent surgical drill can help surgeons improve the surgical procedure. Therefore, there is a need for equipment that can be easily added to existing drills, optimize surgical time, and provide the possibility of multiple use of the equipment. In this study, a solution to control drill advancement and prevent the drill from entering the cancellous tissue has been investigated. This solution is to install and implement a system to detect the amount of drill advancement into the bone. If the surgeon knows the thickness of the cortical bone through radiological images, he can use this system and stop drilling at a certain advance rate so as not to damage the cancellous tissue.

Description

Description of the invention Title of the invention Surgical drill heads detect penetration depth in hard tissues using a contact link Technical background of the relevant invention This invention is related to the field of surgical drills with the ability to detect penetration depth, which can be installed on any type of drill. Technical problem and stating the objectives of the invention Foreign products are sold as complete surgical drill packages, meaning that the smart equipment cannot be separated from the drill, and this means that existing manual surgical drills are deprived of smartization. These drills also require dedicated and disposable drills, which require a new drill for each operation. Another problem with existing automated drills is that they can only be used for surgery in specific areas such as the skull. Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in similar examples, including smartizing all existing conventional drills and the non-disposability of equipment, including surgical drills, which leads to the achievement of a mechanical-electrical device that is capable of measuring the depth of penetration. A description of the state of the prior art and the history of developments related to the claimed invention. In patent number 756825 / 15 in 2020, Steve Carosillo's company created an electric surgical drill that includes a depth gauge that measures the depth of the hole. In patent number 845602 / 14 in 2020, McGinley Orthopedic Innovations, LLC created an electric surgical drill that automatically stops at the second cortex of bone and measures depth without the use of manual measuring tools. In patent number 173593 / 15 in 2017, Smart Medical Devices Inc (SMD) produced a specific example of smart orthopedic drills that controls drilling depth simultaneously with surgery, measures bone density simultaneously with surgery, and simultaneously and wirelessly displays a detailed report of the surgical operation to the surgeon. Providing a solution to an existing technical problem along with an accurate, sufficient, and integrated description of the invention The contact cylinder (2) is connected to the bending link (3) by welding, and as the contact cylinder (2) contacts the body, the rectangular shoulder gear (4), which is connected to the bending link (3) by a screw (16), moves in the inner path of the spacer (5), Figure (1). The bushing (28) is placed between the pin (26) and the spring holding chamber (8) and prevents excess movement and friction between the pin (26) and the spring holding chamber (8). The pin (26) is connected to the inside of the wing gear (23) to transmit rotational motion, and the spring holding chamber (8) is connected to the spacer (5) via the screw (24) and the screw (25) to immobilize it relative to other parts, Figure (1). The helical spring (27) is connected to the pin (26) through the groove (29), and on the other hand, the helical spring (27) is connected to the spring holder (8) through the metal pin (7), causing the rectangular comb gear (4) to turn, Figure (1). The large circular cap (6) is attached to the spring retaining housing (8) to retain the return part parts, the rectangular comb gear (4), Figure (1). The gear housing (12) contains the lower gear (17) which is engaged with the upper gear (18) and is closed by a cylindrical cover (11) on the other side of the gear housing (12) to protect the parts from damage, Figure (1). The lower gear (17) is connected to the potentiometer (15) to transmit the displacement to the electrical system, Figure (1). The spur gear (23) is located on one side of the shaft (22) and the small gear (20) and bushing (21) are located on the other side of the shaft (22) to transmit the rotational motion, Figure (1). Part of the shaft (22) is located inside the gearbox (10) and is closed with a small circular cap (9) on the other side of the gearbox (10), Figure (1). The upper rotor (18) is located on the shaft of the gearbox (10) to transmit the motion to the lower rotor (17), Figure (1). The retaining rail (14) is connected to the spacer (5) and prevents the rectangular shoulder gear (4) from moving out of the path of motion, Figure (1). The entire drilling depth measuring piece is attached to the drill body (1) via the screw and nut location (30), Fig. (2), Fig. (1). The drill is placed inside the three-way system (13) and in line with the contact cylinder (2), Fig. (1). The potentiometer (15) is connected to the depth gauge display system (35) via potentiometer blades (19) and connecting wire (34), Figure (3). The input port (33) for charging and the button (32) for turning on and off are located on the right side of the depth gauge display system (35), Figure (3). The display (31) located on the upper part of the depth gauge display system (35) is used to view the depth of advance, Figure (3) Explanation of shapes, maps and diagrams Figure 1) This figure shows a perspective view, exploded perspective, front, left, top of the entire invention with the drill and an exploded perspective view of the return portion of the rectangular shoulder gear. Figure 2) This figure shows a side perspective view of the connection area to the depth gauge display system and the drill. Figure 3) This figure shows a side perspective view of the connection area to the depth gauge display system and the depth gauge display system. A clear and precise statement of the advantages of the claimed invention over prior inventions. The advantages of the advancement measurement system include: Its cheaper price compared to foreign products, since foreign products are sold as a complete surgical drill package (the equipment cannot be separated from the drill), but in this project, the advancement system can also be sold separately. It can be easily installed on any type of drill and ordinary drills can also be made intelligent, which can be considered a unique feature for the first time in the world compared to products of its kind. Description of at least one implementation method for implementing the invention The method of using the invention is the same as the usual method of using conventional surgical drills. Explicit mention of the industrial application of the invention It is used in orthopedic surgery, which is being performed on a very wide scale throughout the country and in orthopedic and dental surgery hospitals and clinics. Hard tissue drilling is performed in a large number in the country. The present device helps the surgeon to perform this operation with confidence and with much higher accuracy. An error in this type of surgery will have irreparable consequences for the patient, and the present device plays a very important role in its quality and accuracy for the surgeon.

Claims

Claim What is claimed: Claim 1) The surgical drill head detects the depth of penetration in hard tissues using a contact link, which is a mechanical-electrical attachment that is installed on the front of the surgical drill and helps the surgeon to instantly see the depth of penetration of the drilling drill during surgery. This equipment consists of three parts: the mechanical part, the gearbox, and the electrical part. The mechanical part is designed to transmit motion. When placed in front of the attachment, the amount of penetration of the drill into the bone is transmitted to the input of the gearbox by the shoulder gear. In the gearbox, the linear motion of the shoulder gear is converted into rotational motion, and in order to reduce the rotational speed at the output, the gearbox is designed as a speed reducer so that the gear connected to the output shaft is considered larger. The output speed in the gearbox is connected to the axis of a potentiometer, and a certain voltage is generated by its rotation. The electrical part consists of a board and a display, which are located in a separate box and are connected to the potentiometer by wire.This section is responsible for receiving the potentiometer voltage, converting it into a numerical value of the distance, and displaying it on the display. Claim 2) According to claim 1, this equipment is attached to drilling devices (surgical drills) by screws. The contact part in the front of the equipment is fixed after leaning on the drilling position and the forward movement of the person's hand causes the shoulder gear to move and move, and this movement leads to the rotation of the gearbox gears. The shoulder gear has a rectangular cross-section and the contact part in the front of the equipment is cylindrical. Claim 3) According to claims 1 and 2, in order to transmit the mechanical advance rate of the drill to the electrical system, a small gear, two large gears, a shaft, a bushing, and a gearbox are used, which are placed on the right side of the equipment, and the small gear transmits the advance rate obtained from the rectangular shoulder gear to the upper large gear through the shaft, bushing, and gearbox connected to it, and the lower large gear, engaged with the upper large gear, transmits the same mechanical displacement rate to the potentiometer. Claim 4) According to claims 1 and 2, in order to return the tangential-displacement mechanical system to its initial state after removing the contact cylinder from the object, a coil spring, pin, bushing, and small gear are used, which are placed on the left side of the equipment. The coil spring, which is connected to the pin on one side and to the body of the equipment on the other side, returns the advance value to its initial value, i.e. zero, by creating a rotational movement in the advancing direction of the contact cylinder. Claim 5) According to claims 1 and 3, a potentiometer and an electrical system for displaying the drilling depth are used to convert and display the mechanical displacement, which are located on the right side of the equipment. The large gear at the bottom of the system transmits the displacement to the electrical system, is connected to the potentiometer and transmits the displacement, and the potentiometer transmits its data through its blades and wire to the output electrical display system, and the drilling depth is displayed through the display screen built into the electrical system.

Images