Electromagnetic propulsion system for on-road land vehicles equipped with thruster modules

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electromagnetic propulsion assist system for land vehicles on intelligent roadbeds that utilizes controlled interaction between at least one active magnetic blade in the vehicle and a set of subsurface propulsion modules buried in the roadbed. The propulsion modules have a triangular cross-sectional geometry with directional polarization and are installed at intervals of 3 to 5 meters along the width and / or length of the road and are organized into zones of 50 to 200 meters with an independent active forward driver (AFE) and a local supercapacitor. The vehicle is equipped with an active, retractable triangular magnetic blade, the two inclined faces of which have identical poles and are directed towards the subsurface modules, and its field is generated only when entering the zone. The geometric combination of the blade and blocks creates a gravity-repulsion thrust cycle that provides part of the vehicle's propulsion force. An air gap control system monitors and adjusts the 15±2mm gap between the blade and the modules, and a power and propulsion management system determines the field strength and timing of module activation based on the vehicle's weight, slope, and speed. An intelligent zone entry / exit protocol controls the blade deployment process, field phasing, and module activation, and an active cooling system maintains the temperature of critical components. This system enables efficient and safe complementary propulsion without changing the road surface.

Description

Description of the invention Title of the invention Electromagnetic propulsion system for on-road land vehicles equipped with thruster modules Technical background of the relevant invention The present invention relates to the field of contactless electromagnetic propulsion systems for land vehicles and smart road infrastructure equipped with subsurface propulsion modules. In particular, the invention introduces a complementary propulsion architecture in which magnetic modules with a triangular geometry are placed in the roadbed and below the road surface and are arranged at intervals of 3 to 5 meters in the transverse direction of the road (and if necessary along the length of the road), so that the road surface remains completely integrated and without protrusions. This system, in cooperation with at least one active and retractable magnetic blade under the vehicle, creates a simultaneous combined gravitational-repulsive propulsion force, allowing for reduced vehicle energy consumption, increased propulsion efficiency and the realization of part of the propulsion on the roadbed. This invention can be classified in the fields of linear motors, electric roads (E-Road), active magnetic systems, precise air gap control, and power management systems. Technical problem and stating the objectives of the invention Despite significant advances in the development of electric vehicles and intelligent transportation systems, significant challenges remain in increasing propulsion efficiency, reducing energy consumption, maintaining speed stability, and providing sufficient power under variable driving conditions. Conventional electric motors in vehicles suffer from efficiency degradation at high speeds or on long gradients, increasing battery energy consumption. On the other hand, conventional electromagnetic propulsion systems in the prior art are mainly designed for maglev trains or non-automotive transportation structures, and due to the need for complete buoyancy, the use of permanent magnets, the presence of protruding structures, or the need for dedicated rails, they cannot be used on public roads and cannot be adapted to the smooth surface of ordinary roads. Also, the geometry and polarization of the magnetic fields in existing systems are not such as to provide a controlled combination of attractive and repulsive forces to create effective propulsion in wheeled vehicles.Furthermore, none of the previous systems have an active, retractable, non-permanent magnetic blade with precise air gap control, and do not allow dynamic power injection from the roadbed with instantaneous coordination between the subsurface modules and the vehicle. Real-time power transfer, effective thermal management, and avoidance of road surface roughness are also other unsolved challenges in existing technologies. A description of the state of the prior art and the history of developments related to the claimed invention. In recent years, extensive efforts have been made to develop electromagnetic propulsion systems and intelligent transportation infrastructures; however, the technologies presented are mainly designed for floating vehicles (Maglev) or dedicated rail systems and are not suitable for use on public roads with a smooth surface and wheeled vehicles. For example, in the document US5473233A (Electromagnetically Propelled High-Speed ​​Transportation System), an electromagnetic propulsion mechanism for a train-like vehicle is presented that operates on dedicated rails and protruding structures and does not include any subsurface configuration or triangular geometry to create combined gravity-repulsion propulsion. Also, this system relies on wide and continuous rail fields and lacks 3-5 meter wide modularity and retractable active blades. In the field of road vehicles, CN117294103A (New Energy Automobile Highway Linear Electric Motor) attempts to use linear motors to assist vehicle movement; however, these linear motors are embedded on the road surface or in its surface layers, and their structure lacks a directional geometric configuration. The document makes no mention of active magnetic blades, homonymous / homonymous polarization in two directions, precise air gap control with a tolerance of ±2 mm, or mounting modules on a subsurface substrate without creating protrusions. Also, the field interaction in CN117294103A is purely inductive and not based on an angular attraction-repulsion drive cycle. Document KR20120004975A ​​(System with Linear Tuning Motor to Charge Electric Vehicle) deals with induction technologies for charging vehicles while they are moving. Although it uses linear structures, its purpose is to inject electric power, not to generate thrust. Furthermore, its field structure lacks triangular geometry, pole orientation, and dynamic interaction with the vehicle's active blade. In WO2025052238A1 (Computerized Dynamic Charging and Driving System over Magnetic Road Sections), magnetic technology is used on roads to guide or charge vehicles; however, this system also operates based on the creation of broad, non-directional fields and does not include any triangular structure on the road, control of the angle of incidence of the fields, or a propulsion mechanism based on the difference in the front and rear poles of the module. The document also does not mention subsurface modules with lateral spacings of 3 to 5 meters, and there is no retractable blade mechanism with an active field. Finally, document US5904101A (Auxiliary Propulsion for Magnetically Levitated Vehicles) presents an auxiliary system for maglev vehicles based on the use of permanent magnets or levitation structures; this technology is fundamentally not suitable for wheeled vehicles and has no interaction with the smooth road surface. The field structure in this document is completely continuous and non-modular, and there is no non-permanent active blade with the same polarization on its faces. Despite the above efforts, none of the previous documents have addressed the following: Installing triangular subsurface thruster modules with lateral spacings of 3 to 5 meters without creating any protrusions; Using an actuated, non-permanent, retractable, and co-polar magnetic blade on two inclined sides; Creating a combined thrust cycle based on the difference between the front (homonymous) and rear (non-homonymous) poles; Creating angular fields and switching from perpendicular to effective vector mode to increase thrust efficiency; Precise control of air gap of 15 ±2 mm in wheeled vehicles; Management of 50–200 meter zones with independent AFE and local supercapacitor to provide instantaneous power peaks; Real-time coordination of entering / exiting the zone between the vehicle and the road. Thus, while previous documents have advanced the understanding of magnetic systems, none have solved the problem of creating an angular, subsurface, modular, and ground vehicle-compatible complementary propulsion system, a problem that the present invention addresses for the first time. Providing a solution to an existing technical problem along with an accurate, sufficient, and integrated description of the invention Except as expressly defined herein, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as understood and interpreted by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention relates. This description attempts to provide examples of materials, components, structures, and methods that are presently preferred for describing the systems, subsystems, and processes associated with the invention; however, it is apparent that many equivalent or similar materials, devices, and methods may be used to implement or utilize the invention without departing from the scope of the invention. Various aspects and embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the figures provided in the technical drawing file. These figures and embodiments are merely examples for a better understanding of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention to the specific configurations or structures shown. The present disclosure includes a general aspect and one or more specific aspects; such that the general aspect relates to an electromagnetic propulsion auxiliary system (1000) for land vehicles on a smart roadbed and the specific aspects relate to the geometric configuration of the magnetic components, the manner in which the magnetic blade interacts with the subsurface thruster modules, and the combined gravity-repulsion-based propulsion mechanism. The set of embodiments provided in this description relate to various implementations and modes of operation of these general and specific aspects. Referring to Figure 1, the present invention provides an electromagnetic propulsion assist system (1000) for land vehicles that operates on a smart roadbed equipped with subsurface propulsion modules. The vehicle (100) travels on a road surface (210), while a set of linear propulsion modules (200) with a triangular magnetic configuration are embedded below the road surface and within the subsurface of the road (220). These modules are designed to allow for non-contact electromagnetic interaction with components mounted underneath the vehicle without creating any bumps or irregularities in the road surface (210). One or more actuated magnetic blades (120) having a triangular cross-section are mounted under the chassis of the vehicle (100). These blades are schematically shown in Figure 1 and are designed to remain retracted when the vehicle is traveling on unmanned routes (1000) and to automatically extend when the vehicle enters a zone equipped with the system. The vertical distance between the magnetic blade (120) and the subsurface thruster modules (200) is a controlled air gap (130) that plays a fundamental role in the safe and stable operation of the system (1000). According to Figure-2, the magnetic blade (120) has a triangular cross-section with its upper horizontal face parallel to the vehicle's bottom surface and its two inclined faces directed downwards towards the thruster modules (200). These two inclined faces have identical magnetic poles, such that the magnetic field generated by the blade is generated actively and only when the system (1000) is in operation. The blade is not permanently magnetic and its working field is supplied by the vehicle's battery and / or a dedicated power source. Below the road surface (210), the linear actuator module (200) also has a complementary triangular cross-section with its apex facing upwards towards the magnetic blade (120). These modules are designed so that their magnetic field can interact with the magnetic blade field without physical contact between the components. The air gap (130) between the blade and the module is continuously monitored and maintained at a nominal value of approximately 15 mm with a tolerance of ± 2 mm. The air gap control system (130) includes a set of sensors and control units that continuously measure the vertical distance between the magnetic blade (120) and the thruster module (200). The system (130) can use inductive, optical, laser or ultrasonic sensors. The data from these sensors is sent to a programmable logic controller (PLC) and if the distance deviates from the permissible range, the necessary correction is made by adjusting the blade position or adjusting the magnetic field intensity. This feature ensures the operation of the system (1000) even under conditions of changing axle loads, minor road irregularities and dynamic changes in the vehicle. As shown in Figure 3, the propulsion system is based on a combined attraction-repulsion cycle. In this figure, the magnetic blade (120) is shown passing over two adjacent thruster modules (200A and B). The front module (200A) has a magnetic pole that is the same as the rear part of the blade with respect to the direction of vehicle movement, thus creating a repulsive force. At the same time, the rear module (200B) has a pole that is different from the front part of the blade and exerts a forward gravitational force. The simultaneous combination of the repulsive force from the front and the gravitational force from the rear creates a net thrust force in the direction of the vehicle's movement. The triangular geometry of the blade and modules is chosen so that in part of the cycle, their faces are almost parallel, and in other parts, the magnetic fields are at a larger effective angle to each other, which improves the efficiency of converting magnetic energy into linear force. The thruster modules (200) are installed at intervals of 3 to 5 meters along the width and / or length of the road and are organized into thrust zones of 50 to 200 meters in length. Each zone is equipped with an independent active front-end driver (AFE) and a local supercapacitor that provides the instantaneous peak power required to drive the modules. A power and propulsion management system, receiving instantaneous information including axle weight, vehicle speed, track gradient and vehicle position in the gravity-repulsion cycle, adjusts the blade field strength and activation status of the modules in the corresponding zone. A zone entry / exit control protocol automatically manages the activation or deactivation of the modules and the extension or retraction of the magnetic blade (120) upon vehicle entry, exit, or fault occurrence. In addition, the system (1000) includes an active cooling system to control the temperature of key components in both the vehicle and the subsurface road modules to ensure stable operation and long life of the system (1000). Thus, the present invention, by combining innovative triangular geometry, subsurface modules, active and retractable magnetic blade, precise air gap control, and gravity-repulsion propulsion cycle, provides an efficient and safe auxiliary propulsion system (1000) for land vehicles that can be operated without changing the road surface and without replacing the vehicle's main propulsion system. Explanation of shapes, maps and diagrams Figure-1: Side view of a ground vehicle (100) equipped with active magnetic blades (120) on a road equipped with subsurface linear thruster modules (200). Figure-2: Enlarged and schematic view of the geometric configuration of the magnetic blade (120) and the subsurface thruster module (200) and the air gap between them. Figure-3: Schematic of how to create a combined thrust force based on gravity and repulsion resulting from the interaction of the magnetic blade (120) with the front and rear thruster modules (200a and b) A clear and precise statement of the advantages of the claimed invention over prior inventions. The present invention offers significant technical and practical advantages that are not found in any of the previous documents and through them a completely new and non-trivial solution is provided to the problem of auxiliary propulsion of land vehicles on the roadbed. The most important advantages are as follows: 1. Subsurface placement of pushers without creating protrusions on the road surface Unlike many previous documents such as CN117294103A or similar linear motor systems, in the present invention the drive modules with triangular geometry are placed deep into the roadbed and below the crossing level, thus the road surface remains completely flat, without bumps, and compatible with normal vehicles. This feature allows the system to be used on public roads and highways without major changes to the pavement. 2. Activated magnetic blade, no permanent field, and retractable Many previous propulsion systems have used permanent magnets or fixed structures (such as US5904101A), while the present invention uses a non-permanent magnetic blade whose field is only generated when needed and is switched off at other times. This feature has several key advantages: Greater electromagnetic immunity; Precise control of field intensity; Reducing energy consumption in inactive modes; Possibility of folding the blade for driving on normal roads. None of the previous documents have provided this combination of features. 3. Completely innovative triangular geometry + directional polarization (front homonymous / rear homonymous) The present invention uses for the first time a triangular aeromagnetic configuration for both effective members, the vehicle blade and the subsurface modules, and adjusts its poles in such a way that: On the front side of the module, there is a pole with the same name as the blade, which creates a repulsive force. On the back side of the module, there is a pole opposite the blade, which creates a gravitational force. The combination of forward repulsion and backward gravity creates a very effective linear propulsion cycle. The angle of the fields is effective in parts of the cycle as facing each other and in parts as tangential-retracting. This structure is not present in any of the cited documents, including US5473233A, WO2025052238A1, CN117294103A, KR20120004975A, and is considered a key geometric and functional innovation. 4. 3 to 5 meter wide modularization under the road One of the unique features of this invention is the installation of modules at periodic transverse intervals (3 to 5 meters) and the possibility of expansion along the route. This arrangement provides uniform power coverage for different passing vehicles, allows for optimization of zone power consumption, and reduces manufacturing costs compared to continuous linear motors. In prior art, similar arrangements are predominantly longitudinal and continuous, lacking transverse and subsurface modularity. 5. Precise air gap control with a tolerance of ±2 mm None of the previous documents, even in the field of maglev, have presented active control of 15 ± 2 mm air gap with internal PLC for wheeled vehicles. This precise control increases the efficiency of the magnetic force, prevents unwanted contact, and allows the system to remain stable even over slight road irregularities. This advantage is one of the main technological distinctions compared to CN117294103A and US5473233A. 6. 50–200m independent zoning with AFE and local supercapacitor The present invention uses a zoned architecture, where each zone has an independent active front-end driver (AFE), peak power supercapacitor, dedicated cooling system, and instant enable / disable protocol. This structure not only optimizes power consumption, but also enables very high scalability. Such intelligent zoning is not provided in documents such as WO2025052238A1 or KR20120004975A. 7. Can be used by normal cars without changing the chassis Due to the modules being completely underground, the road surface being smooth, the blades being retracted, and the activation only in specific zones, this system can be installed on public roads without creating a dedicated infrastructure like maglev. This feature is not seen in any of the existing maglev or linear motor documents. 8. No need for permanent magnets (reduces cost, weight, and risk) Unlike many prior art documents, the present invention utilizes a fully active and controllable field, which has the following advantages: Eliminate the high cost of PM Eliminate the problem of thermal saturation Reducing vehicle weight Increase system lifespan Possibility to adjust the field according to real driving conditions 9. Supplementary propulsion without replacing the vehicle's propulsion system Unlike previous rail technologies, this invention creates auxiliary propulsion rather than completely replacing the vehicle engine. Therefore, the vehicle is still capable of moving independently outside the smart route, the system is compatible with traffic regulations, and has the potential for gradual implementation on the country's road network. In general and in summary, the present invention has the following features: Triangular subsurface module Concentric triangular active blade Gravity-repulsion thrust cycle Precise chat control Independent zoning Smooth road surface No need for PM Supplementary wheel drive This combination does not exist in any previous document and constitutes a real and defensible innovative step. Description of at least one implementation method for implementing the invention In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a specific section of a road or highway 50 to 200 meters long is selected as a drift zone and electromagnetic drift modules with a triangular cross-sectional geometry are installed in the subsurface of the road. These modules are placed along the width of the road at intervals of 3 to 5 meters, and if necessary, additional modules are installed along the length of the road. Each module consists of a triangular magnetic core with directional polarization, with the pole of the same name as the vehicle blade at its leading edge and the pole of the opposite name at its trailing edge. This structure is enclosed in concrete or the underlying layers of the road pavement, and the vehicle's passage surface remains completely smooth. To provide power, each zone has an active front-end driver (AFE) and a local supercapacitor that provide the energy needed to rapidly and instantaneously trigger the subsurface modules. The input power to each zone is received from the power grid or local renewable energy sources and is managed by the central road control system. An active cooling unit is also installed inside the subsurface enclosure of the zone to maintain the temperature of the modules and electronic components within safe limits. In the vehicle section, an actuated magnetic blade with a triangular cross-section is installed under the chassis. This blade is equipped with a retractable mechanism controlled by an electromechanical or hydraulic actuator. The blade is normally retracted and inactive and is only extended when the vehicle enters the zone, based on a signal received from the zone control system, and its active magnetic field is generated by the vehicle battery or a dedicated power source. The blade is polarized in such a way that its two triangular inclined faces have the same polarity and are directed towards the subsurface modules. As the vehicle approaches the zone, a short-range communication system (such as DSR, Wi-Fi Direct, or V2I) communicates the vehicle's position to the zone and the activation process begins. The subsurface thruster modules are activated sequentially according to the vehicle's position to form a magnetic attraction-repulsion cycle. In the front section of each module, a repulsive force is created by the like poles of the blade and module, and as the vehicle passes the center of the module, the unlike pole of the rear section creates a gravitational force. The sum of these forces produces a linear thrust in addition to the force of the vehicle's main engine. To stabilize performance, an Air-Gap Control system continuously measures the distance between the blade and the road surface. This system uses laser, inductive or ultrasonic position sensors and its data is processed by the vehicle’s internal PLC to maintain the distance within a nominal range of 15 mm with a tolerance of ± 2 mm. If a significant deviation is detected, the PLC corrects the blade position or automatically shuts down the system. During thrust, a power and propulsion management system on the vehicle adjusts the blade field strength and coordination with the subsurface modules in real time. The system analyzes parameters such as axle weight, road gradient, vehicle speed, and the exact position of each module in the thrust cycle to determine the amount of force required. At the end of the zone, an exit protocol deactivates the blade, retracts it, and disconnects the field from the thrust modules. This exemplary implementation demonstrates how the present invention can be deployed on real roads, without changing the road surface structure or requiring rails, platforms, or vehicle accessories. The combination of triangular geometry, directional polarization, air gap control, independent zoning, and a gravity-repulsion field allows for effective and safe complementary propulsion. Explicit mention of the industrial application of the invention The present invention has direct and widespread industrial application in the fields of land transportation, smart road infrastructure and automotive industries. This system can be used on highways, intercity roads, special lanes, industrial estates, transport terminals, airports, ports and busy routes as an auxiliary infrastructure to increase the propulsion efficiency of electric or hybrid vehicles and other fossil fuels such as gasoline and diesel. The subsurface propulsion modules and the vehicle's active magnetic blade enable the transfer of part of the propulsion force from the roadbed, thereby reducing vehicle energy consumption, increasing range, improving speed stability on slopes and reducing wear of mechanical parts. This system can be implemented in existing road infrastructure or new construction projects due to the complete subsurface nature of the propulsion components and is compatible with road construction, safety and heavy traffic standards. The present invention is also applicable in industries related to the design and manufacture of electromagnetic modules, power equipment, control systems, batteries, and advanced vehicles.Therefore, this invention is industrially feasible, exploitable, scalable, and economical, and has the potential to be used in a modern transportation network.

Claims

Claims What is claimed: Claim 1) An electromagnetic propulsion assist system for vehicles on smart roadbeds comprising: a road equipped with a set of linear thruster modules with a triangular magnetic configuration embedded below the road surface and within its structural bed, such that these modules are buried at intervals of 3 to 5 meters across the width and / or along the length of the roadway and organized into zones of 50 to 200 meters, each zone having an independent active front-end driver (AFE) and a local supercapacitor to provide instantaneous peak power; An activated magnetic blade assembly with a triangular cross-section mounted on the undercarriage of the vehicle and having a retractable mechanism, so that it is only extended when the vehicle enters the system-equipped track and remains retracted on other tracks, and the working field of the magnetic blade is actively supplied by the vehicle battery and / or a power source specific to the said blade, also the two inclined faces of the blade have identical poles and are oriented towards the undercarriage modules and the horizontal face is parallel and faces the undercarriage of the vehicle; an air gap control systemwhich continuously measures the vertical distance between the magnetic blade and the subsurface triangular modules, so that a nominal distance of 15 mm is maintained with a tolerance of ± 2 mm; a power and propulsion management system that calculates and applies the power required to generate the blade field as well as to activate or adjust the corresponding zone modules based on instantaneous parameters including axle weight, track gradient, vehicle speed, and position in the gravity-repulsion cycle; a zone entry / exit control protocol that automatically manages module activation, field phasing, and blade retraction / expansion when the vehicle enters the zone, leaves it, or when a fault occurs; an active cooling system to control the temperature of key components of both the vehicle section and the subsurface road modules. Claim 2) The auxiliary system of claim 1, wherein the triangular faces of the magnetic blade and the triangular faces of the thruster block are designed in such a way that during part of the cycle when the vehicle approaches each block, they are completely parallel, and during other parts of the cycle, the magnetic field of the magnetic blade and the thruster blocks has an effective angle greater than the flat state. Claim 3) The auxiliary system of claim 1, wherein the drift zones have intelligent timing for activation and deactivation relative to the movement of vehicles with magnetic blades. Claim 4) The auxiliary system of claim 1, wherein the triangular geometry of the magnetic blocks and blades is such that part of the propulsion force is generated from the same polarity of the front pole of the blocks and the back of the blades (repulsion) and the unlike polarity of the back pole of the blocks and the front of the blades (attraction), and where the front and rear are determined based on the front and rear of the car. Claim 5) The system of claim 1, wherein the air gap control monitoring is performed by a programmable logic controller and, in the event of deviation from the specified limits, the necessary correction is made.

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