CLAMPING DEVICE

Description

CLAMPING DEVICE DESCRIPTION Scope of application The present invention relates to a clamping device for holding in position 5 a semi-finished product with respect to a support base, according to the preamble of the independent claim number 1. In particular, the clamping device in question is advantageously employed in the mechanical industry to keep in position bodies intended to be subjected to to various processing operations. 10 More specifically, the clamping device which is the subject of the present invention is advantageously used to keep in position, with respect to the base of support, in particular of a machine tool (e.g. CNC type), a body to be worked, which is advantageously made of metallic material, or in composite material, or in any other material. 15 The invention therefore fits into the context of the industrial sector of mechanical engineering precision. State of the art In the field of mechanical component processing through operations of turning, milling, drilling etc. there is a particular need to retain in 20 stable way the semi-finished products to be processed. For this purpose, known type of clamping devices are generally fixed to a base of support, usually coupled to or forming part of a machine tool for the processing of semi-finished products. In particular, the known type of support bases are equipped of a plurality of seats, in particular threaded, for fixing the device 25 same bracket, whose fixing seats are distributed along a matrix of points to determine a plurality of pre-established working positions in which the device of support can be arranged to support the semi-finished product, available for the machine tool. More specifically, the known type of clamping devices are generally fixed by a 5 side, to the support base and, on the other side, to the semi-finished product to be held, and in particular are interposed between them. In order to be fixed to the semi-finished product and to the support base, the devices known type of brackets are generally equipped with fixing means comprising tie rods, which tie rods are in particular constituted by a first threaded rod screwed to the 10 semi-finished product and a second threaded rod screwed to the support base. The two rods threaded fasteners are also partially inserted inside corresponding housing seats obtained in the central body of the device bracket and are blocked to the latter by means of anchoring means, usually comprising a pair of jaws suitable for acting on each threaded rod. 15 In more detail, the tightening takes place in a stable manner as the jaws of the means of anchor and the portion of the threaded rods intended to be placed between the aforementioned jaws are shaped in such a way that, when the jaws are closed, these the latter exert forces which, discharging through the threaded rods, on one side, pull to press the central body of the clamping device against the support base and, 20 on the other side, they press the aforementioned central body against the semi-finished product. However, the clamping devices for semi-finished products of the type known above briefly described have proven to be not free from drawbacks in practice. A major drawback of known clamping devices lies in in the inability to precisely adjust the position in which such clamping devices 25 are connected to the semi-finished product to be held in place. In fact, to hold a semi-finished product on the base, it is necessary to use a set composed of from several clamping devices, all of which are equipped with a main body having substantially cylindrical shape that develops between two parallel bases, one of which one intended to be placed against the support base and one intended to be 5 arranged against the semi-finished product, and furthermore on these bases the seats of housing (for the threaded rods of the tie rods) aligned with each other. However, it is clear that the distribution of the holes obtained on the semi-finished product and the distribution of the holes made on the support base for the insertion of the threaded rods of tie rods may not be exactly matched due to tolerances 10 not too precise dimensions. Consequently, when a set of clamping devices is employed according to the prior art for holding a semi-finished product in place (in which set all the holding devices brackets are equipped with the same shape and size) and the threaded rods are tightened each device by means of the jaws of the anchoring means, are generated 15 of the tensile or compressive stresses at least in the area adjacent to the threaded seats committed by the auctions, which efforts are greater the greater the difference in the distribution of the holes on the support base and on the semi-finished product and could affect the quality of the workmanship carried out on the semi-finished product. A further drawback of the known type of clamping devices lies in their 20 inability to adapt to semi-finished products with irregular shapes, for example those with external surfaces which, once the semi-finished product is tied to the support base, are inclined with respect to the same support base or are non-planar. Presentation of the invention In this situation, the problem underlying the present invention is therefore that of 25 to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by making available a device bracket to keep a semi-finished product in position with respect to a support base, which allows to adapt to the particular position of the semi-finished product with respect to the support base on a plane parallel to the support base itself. A further object of the present invention is to provide a 5 clamping device, which prevents the occurrence of tensile and compressive stresses unwanted on the semi-finished product to be fixed to the support base. A further object of the present invention is to provide a clamping device, which allows to eliminate any tensile stresses and unwanted compression that has developed in the semi-finished product during the manufacturing phases 10 mechanical processing to which the semi-finished product itself has been subjected. A further object of the present invention is to provide a clamping device, which is operationally completely reliable. A further object of the present invention is to provide a clamping device, which is simple and economical to manufacture and to 15 use. Brief description of the drawings The technical characteristics of the invention, according to the above-mentioned purposes, are clearly verifiable from the content of the claims reported below and the advantages thereof will become more evident in the detailed description that follows, made with 20 reference to the attached drawings, which represent an embodiment thereof purely exemplary and not limiting, where: - Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a clamping device which is the subject of the present invention in accordance with a preferred embodiment; - Fig. 2 shows a top plan view of the clamping device of figure 1; 25 - Fig. 3 shows a side sectional view of the clamping device of figure 1, the which section is obtained along the track III-III of figure 2; - Fig. 4 shows a side-section perspective view of a first component of a first connecting body of a first mounting assembly of the device bracket of figure 1, which section is obtained along the same track III-III of 5 figure 2; - Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a second half quarter cup spring elastics of the clamping device in figure 1. Detailed description of a preferred embodiment With reference to the attached drawings it has been indicated as a whole with 1 a 10 clamping device, according to the present invention. This clamping device 1 is advantageously intended to be used for to keep a semi-finished product in position with respect to a support base, and in particular is intended to keep the semi-finished product itself in correspondence with a pre-established position available for processing operations for which it is intended 15 be subjected. In more detail, the support base can belong to a working machine, such as for example a CNC operating machine, set up to subject the semi-finished product to machining operations, such as chip removal operations (milling, surface finishing treatments, drilling, etc.). 20 Alternatively, the support base may be a separate component from the operating machine, which component is intended to be installed adjacent to the latter and is designed to maintain, through the assembly of clamping 1 object of the present invention, the semi-finished product in position with respect to a tool device of the aforementioned operating machine. 25 According to the invention, the clamping device 1 comprises at least a first bracket assembly 2, which is intended to be removably fixed to one of the support base and the semi-finished product and includes at least a first body of link 3. In more detail, the first clamping assembly 2 is advantageously equipped with first 5 fastening means 30 arranged to removably fix the aforementioned first assembly of clamping 2 to the support base or to the semi-finished product. Preferably, in order to be able to removably fix the first assembly of bracket 2, the first hooking means 30 are threaded. In fact, traditionally, the semi-finished product is equipped with first threaded holes corresponding to 10 of the points where it must be tightened to the support base and the support base is equipped with a plurality of second threaded holes distributed along a dot matrix adjust, so you can select the second hole in the most suitable position where tighten the semi-finished product to the support base using the clamping device 1. Furthermore, the clamping device 1 in question comprises at least one second 15 bracket assembly 4, which is intended to be removably fixed to the other between the semi-finished product and the support base and includes at least a second body of link 5. These first and second connecting bodies 3, 5 are mechanically engaged to translate one another with respect to the other with at least one degree of freedom on a 20 reference plane X between a plurality of first adjustment positions. Advantageously, in accordance with the preferred embodiment illustrated in the attached figures, the first and second connecting body 3, 5 are mechanically engaged in translating one another with respect to the other with two degrees of freedom on the reference plane X between a plurality of first adjustment positions. 25 In particular, with the expression “translate one another with respect to the other with two degrees of freedom on a reference plane X” shall be understood in the following as first and second connecting body 3, 5 can translate relative to each other in a plurality of first adjustment positions identifiable by reference to two axes Cartesian orthogonal to each other and belonging to the aforementioned reference plane X. 5 In more detail, the second clamping assembly 4 is advantageously equipped with second fastening means 31 arranged to removably fix the aforementioned second assembly of clamping 4 to the support base or to the semi-finished product, that is in particular to the one at to which the first bracket assembly 2 is not removably fixed. Preferably, in order to be able to removably fix the second assembly of 10 bracket 4, the second coupling means 31 are threaded. Furthermore, the clamping device 1 according to the invention comprises first means of locking 6, which are mechanically associated with the first and second body of connection 3, 5 and are commutable between a first constraint condition, in which lock the first and second connecting body 3, 5 in one of the first positions 15 of regulation, and a first release condition, in which they release the first and the second connecting body 3, 5 to translate mutually with respect to each other on the reference plane X. The clamping device 1 in question also comprises a first piston drive 7, which is slidably inserted into a first guide chamber 8 20 obtained on the first connecting body 3 to translate along a direction of Z movement transverse (in particular orthogonal) to the reference plane X between a first actuation position, in which it maintains the first locking means 6 in the first constraint condition, and a second actuation position, in which it maintains the first locking means 6 in the first release condition. 25 The clamping device 1 in question also comprises first elastic means 9, which are inserted in the first guide chamber 8 and are set up to force the first actuating piston 7 in one of the first and second actuating positions actuation position, and first actuator means 10, which are arranged for move the first actuating piston 7 to the other between the first and second position 5 of operation by elastically yielding the first elastic means 9. More in detail, the arrangement of the first elastic means 9 in the first guide chamber 8 ensures that the first actuating piston 7 is always held in one of the first and the second actuation position, so as to maintain the first ones respectively locking means 6 in the first constraint condition or in the first condition of 10 junction, while the provision of first actuator means 10, which can be operated to elastically yield the first elastic means 9, allows to move the actuating piston 7 in the other between the first and second actuating position to switch the first locking means 6, thus locking or unlocking a depending on the needs, the relative translation between the first and second connecting body 15 3, 5 on the reference plane X. In this way, operationally, when the semi-finished product is fixed to the support base by means of multiple clamping devices 1, it is possible to act on the first actuator means 10 (activating or disabling them depending on whether the first elastic means 9 force the first actuating piston 7 in the first or second actuating position) to ensure 20 which, during a machining operation (e.g. chip removal, finishing, milling, drilling and the like), the first actuating piston 7 is located in the first actuation position and then maintains it in the first constraint condition first locking means 6, with the consequence that during this operation of processing the first and second connecting body 3, 5 are in a specific 25 first adjustment position and keep the semi-finished product precisely in position with respect to the support base. Furthermore, operationally, when the aforementioned processing operation is finished, always acting on the first actuator means 10, it is possible to move the first piston of drive 7 in the second drive position to switch the first means of 5 block 6 in the first release condition, so that the first and second connecting body 3, 5 can settle in a different first position of adjustment on the reference plane X by compensating for any stresses traction and / or compression that developed in the semi-finished product during the operation of processing, for example due to thermal deformations and the like. In fact, for example, 10 the processing operations carried out on the semi-finished product can induce some thermal deformations that lead to misalignment of the points where the device fixture 1 in question is fixed to the semi-finished product and the point at which the same device is bracket 1 is fixed to the support base and, advantageously, the first and second connecting body 3, 5 movable with respect to each other on the adjustment plane X (the 15 which in use is in particular parallel to the support base) allow the device to bracket 1 to adapt to the aforementioned misalignment by reducing or eliminating the stresses of traction and / or compression that have developed in the semi-finished product during the processing operations. Therefore, advantageously, the switching of the first locking means 6 in the 20 first release condition by means of the first actuating piston 7, which is moved by the first elastic means 9 and the first actuator means 10, causes the semi-finished product is free from compressive and / or tensile stresses following any processing operation, so that the aforementioned semi-finished product can be subjected, after the first locking means 6 are brought back to the first condition of 25 constraint, to another subsequent processing operation without any possible residual compressive and / or tensile stresses could affect its quality. Advantageously, the first clamping assembly 2 is provided with a first surface of support 12 intended to be placed against one between the support base and the semi-finished product and the second clamping assembly 4 is provided with a second surface 5 of support 13 intended to be placed against each other between the support base and the semi-finished product. Preferably, the first and second bearing surfaces 12, 13 are inclined or parallel (and therefore not orthogonal) with respect to the reference plane X, such that the one between the first and the second connecting body 3, 5 which is not fixed to the base of 10 support can change the position of its projection on the support base translating, in particular with two degrees of freedom, along the aforementioned reference plane X. In particular, at least one of the first support surface 12 and the second surface of support 13 is parallel to the reference plane X. In this way, when the clamping device 1 is placed on the base of 15 support with that between the first support surface 12 and the second support surface support 13 which is parallel to the reference plane X, the same reference plane X is oriented so as to be parallel to the same support base, thus allowing the first connecting body 3 and the second connecting body 5 to translate each other with respect to the other parallel to the support base. 20 Furthermore, preferably, the clamping device 1 extends between the first surface of support 12 of the first bracket assembly 2 and the second support surface 13 of the second bracket assembly 4 at least partly along its own extension axis Y transverse (in particular orthogonal) with respect to the reference plane X. In order to allow for easy production of the device 1 in question, the 25 first connecting body 3 advantageously comprises a first component 3' and a second 3'' component, which are fixed to each other (for example by means of of screws or by welding) and together delimit the first guide chamber 8. As illustrated in the attached figures, preferably, the first guide chamber 8 is extends predominantly (particularly only) within the first 3' component 5 and the second component 3'' is fixed to the first component 3' (e.g. by means of screws or welding) to close the aforementioned first guide chamber 8, so that the first guide chamber 8 is delimited by both the first and second components 3', 3''. Advantageously, the first elastic means 9 are arranged to force the first piston of actuation 7 in the first actuation position and the first actuating means 10 10 are arranged to move the first actuating piston 7 to the second position of actuation by elastically yielding the first elastic means 9. In this way, the first elastic means 9 automatically maintain the first means of locking 6 in the first constraint condition by forcing the first piston of drive 7 in the first drive position, so that the first and second 15 connecting body 3, 5 are constantly maintained in a specific first adjustment position throughout the entire processing operations. Furthermore, in this way it is sufficient to act on the first actuators 10 briefly only at the end of the above mentioned processing operations to switch the first means of block 6 in the first release condition and allow the reciprocal translation of the 20 first and second connecting body 3, 5 on the reference plane X in order to compensate for any compressive and / or tensile stresses that have developed. Preferably, the first elastic means 9 comprise at least one first cup spring and, even more preferably, a plurality of first cup springs arranged one above the other on the other. 25 In particular, the use of at least one first cup spring is particularly advantageous with the first elastic means 9 which are arranged to force the first actuating piston 7 in the first actuating position. In fact, the first springs cups generally have a higher stiffness than coil springs and so, in that case, they are able to maintain the first means of blocking 6 more safely 5 in the first constraint condition, so as to avoid that the stresses transmitted to the semi-finished products during the processing operations can lead to the transfer of the first and second connecting body 3, 5 modifying in an unwanted way the first adjustment position. Advantageously, the first actuator means 10 comprise at least one first conduit 10 of conveyance 11 obtained on the first connecting body 3 (in particular on the first component 3' of the latter), placed in fluid communication with the first guide chamber 8 and arranged to convey a pressurized fluid against the first actuating piston 7 to elastically yield the first elastic means 9 and push the first actuating piston 7 in the other between the first actuating position and the 15 second actuation position. In particular, this conformation of the first actuator means 10 with the first duct of conveyor 11 makes the clamping device 1 particularly simple in object, since to make the first elastic means 9 yield elastically it is sufficient connect the aforementioned first conveying duct 11 to some supply means 20 of a pressurized fluid, which may be for example a supply circuit of compressed air or pressurized oil (normally available to any company or workshop operating in the mechanical sector), and operate the aforementioned means of power when needed. In more detail, the first actuating piston 7 is equipped with a first face 7' and 25 one opposite second face 7''. Furthermore, preferably, the first actuating means 9 are arranged in abutment against the aforementioned first face 7' and the first actuator means 10 are arranged to make the elastically the first elastic means 9 acting on the second face 7''. In particular, the first conveying duct 11 of the first actuator means 10 is 5 arranged to convey the fluid under pressure against the second face 7'' in order to make the first elastic means yield elastically 9. Preferably, the first guide chamber 8 is delimited by a first surface extreme 8', which is counter-faced to the first face 7' of the first piston of drive 7, and from an opposite second extremal surface 8'', which is 10 countersunk to the second face 7'' of the first actuating piston 7. Furthermore, the first guide chamber 8 is preferably also delimited by a surface internal lateral 8''', which extends from the first extremal surface 8' to the second extreme surface 8'' to enclose with them the first guide chamber 8 itself. In more detail, the aforementioned first conveying duct 11 extends between a 15 receiving opening, which is arranged on an external lateral surface 33 of the first connecting body 3, and a conveying opening, which is placed in fluid connection with the first guide chamber 8, in particular arranged on the internal lateral surface 8''' adjacent to the second extremal surface 8'' or obtained at least in part directly on the second extremal surface 8'' (for 20 example, in accordance with embodiments not illustrated in which no other actuating pistons and other elastic means inside the first guide chamber 8), or obtained on the lateral surface 8''' spaced from both the first and the second extreme surface 8', 8'' (for example, in accordance with the illustrated embodiment) in which, as better described below, there is another actuating piston 25 and other elastic means in the first guide chamber 8). Advantageously, the first connecting body 3 is provided with a first surface of sliding 14 and the second connecting body 5 is equipped with a second sliding surface 15, which first and second sliding surfaces 14, 15 are susceptible to slide relative to each other with the first and second bodies of 5 connection 3, 5 that translate (in particular with two degrees of freedom) on the plane of reference X. In particular, the first sliding surface 14 and the second sliding surface sliding 15 are both substantially planar and are parallel to each other. In more detail, the first and second sliding surfaces 14, 15 can 10 slide relative to each other directly in contact with each other (in accordance with the form preferential implementation illustrated) or they can slide relative to each other with of the other components of the clamping device 1 in question interposed between them (in agreement with construction variants not illustrated). In particular, the first and second sliding surfaces 14, 15 extend in 15 correspondence of the reference plane X if they are in direct contact with each other, or are parallel to the reference plane X if one or more other components of the device bracket 1 is placed between them. In accordance with an embodiment not illustrated, the first and second bodies of connection 3, 5 are mechanically engaged in mutually translating each other 20 with respect to the other with only one degree of freedom on a reference plane X between a plurality of first regulation positions. In other words, the first and second bodies of connection 3, 5 are therefore mechanically engaged in translating each other one with respect to the other along a sliding direction belonging to the aforementioned reference plane X between a plurality of first adjustment positions. In accordance 25 with this embodiment not illustrated which provides only one degree of freedom, the clamping device 1 is advantageously provided with pre-arranged guiding means to connect the first and second connecting body 3, 5 in a sliding manner along the aforementioned sliding direction belonging to the reference plane X. Further in detail, such guiding means comprise at least one rail (possibly more than one 5 rail), which is obtained on one of the first and second connecting bodies 3, 5 and extends along the scrolling direction, and at least one cursor (possibly more of a slider, one for each rail), which is slidably inserted into the the aforementioned rail and is mechanically connected (e.g. fixed to or made of single body with) to the other between the first and the second connecting body 3, 5 on which 10 the rail is not obtained. In particular, the rail of the guide means is obtained in depression on one of the first and second sliding surfaces 14, 15 and the cursor extends out from the other between the first and second surfaces of sliding 14, 15 to be slidably inserted into the rail. Preferably, the cursor is made with a pin (in particular at least partially threaded), which 15 is partially inserted into a corresponding engagement hole (in particular threaded) obtained on the one between the first and second sliding surfaces 14, 15 on which no the rail is made in such a way that it protrudes at least partially from the aforementioned hole I commit. Otherwise, in accordance with the preferred embodiment in which the first and the 20 second connecting body 3, 5 are mechanically engaged in translation mutually with respect to each other with two degrees of freedom on the reference plane X, no means of guidance are necessary between the first and second body of connection 3, 5. Furthermore, in accordance with the preferred embodiment, the first and second 25 sliding surfaces 14, 15 are advantageously placed in contact with each other and, therefore, they are preferably capable of sliding directly over each other with the first and second connecting body 3, 5 which translate with two degrees of freedom on the reference plane X. Furthermore, the first locking means 6 advantageously comprise a first 5 tie rod element 16, which is mechanically associated with the second body of connection 5 and is integral with the first actuating piston 7 at least in translation along a transverse (especially orthogonal) Z-direction of movement to the reference plane X, to pull the second sliding surface 15 under pressure towards the first sliding surface 14 blocking the first and second body of 10 connection 3, 5 in a first adjustment position, with the first piston of drive 7 in the first drive position. In more detail, the first tie rod element 16 is to be considered mechanically associated with the first connecting body 3 since it is integral at least in translation along the direction of movement Z to the first actuating piston 7 which is 15 inserted into the first guide chamber 8 obtained in the first connecting body 3. In this way, when the first actuating piston 7 translates along the direction of Z movement transverse to the X reference plane to arrange itself in the first actuation position, the first tie rod 16 of the first locking means 6 is dragged in turn along the aforementioned direction of movement Z by pulling the 20 second connecting body 5 towards the first connecting body 3 and blocking the latter in a first adjustment position. In accordance with the preferred embodiment in which the first and second surfaces of sliding 14, 15 are advantageously in direct contact with each other, the first the pulling element 16 pulls the second sliding surface 15 into contact with pressure 25 against the first sliding surface 14 blocking the first and second body of connection 3, 5 (in particular by friction on the first and second surfaces of sliding 14, 15) in a first adjustment position, with the first piston of drive 7 in the first drive position. Advantageously, the first and second extreme surfaces 8', 8'' of the first chamber 5 of guide 8 are transverse (preferably orthogonal) to the direction of Z-movement of the first actuating piston 7. In accordance with the preferred embodiment which is illustrated in the attached figures and which provides the first tensioning element 16, in order to ensure that the first elastic means 9 force the first actuating piston 7 into the first actuating position, the 10 first face 7' of the first actuating piston 7 faces the second body of connection 5 and the first elastic means 9 (in particular the at least one first spring cup or a plurality of first cup springs arranged one above the other) are interposed between the first extremal surface 8' and the aforementioned first face 7'. In this way, the first elastic means 9 act against the first face 7' of the first 15 drive piston 7 by forcing the aforementioned first drive piston 7 into the first actuation position away from the first extremal surface 8', which is counter-faced on the first face 7' facing the second body of connection 5, so that the second connecting body 5 is dragged from the first tie rod 16 towards the first connecting body 3 and blocks the 20 mutual translation of the first and second connecting body 3, 5 due to the friction that occurs manifests itself at the first and second sliding surfaces 14, 15. Furthermore, the first connecting body 3 is advantageously provided with a first communication opening 17 developing between the first guide chamber 8 and the first sliding surface 14. 25 Preferably, the first communication opening 17 is made on the second component 3'' of the first connecting body 3. In more detail, the first 8' extremal surface is obtained around the first opening of communication 17 (and, therefore, extends in particular to the second component 3'' since the same first communication opening 17 is obtained on it). 5 Preferably, the first tie rod element 16 is placed across, in particular with play, of the first communication opening 17 of the first connecting body 3. In accordance with an embodiment not illustrated in the attached figures, the first tie rod element 16 is mechanically connected to the second connecting body 5 and to the first actuating piston 7 by means of corresponding ball joints and, furthermore, the 10 first tie rod element 16 is placed to cross with play the first opening of communication 17, in particular in order to allow the first tie rod 16 to change its inclination when the first and second connecting bodies 3, 5 translate with respect to each other (in particular with two degrees of freedom) on the plane of reference X in order to change its first adjustment position. 15 In accordance with the preferred embodiment, the second connecting body 5 is advantageously provided with a holding surface 19, which is facing in opposite direction to the second sliding surface 15, and of a second communication opening 20 developing between the second sliding surface 15 and the retention surface 19. 20 In particular, therefore, the retention surface 19 extends, at least in part, around the second communication opening 20, since the aforementioned second opening of communication 20 develops between the second sliding surface 15 and the retention surface 19. Furthermore, the first tie rod 16 is advantageously provided with an enlarged head 25 21, which is arranged adjacent to the holding surface 19 and has larger dimensions than those of the second communication opening 20, on a plane transverse (in particular orthogonal) to the direction of movement Z. Furthermore, the first tie rod 16 is advantageously provided with a stem 22, the which develops from the enlarged head 21, is mechanically connected to the first 5 actuating piston 7 and is placed across the second opening of communication 20 of the second connecting body 5. In more detail, with the first actuating piston 7 in the first position of drive, the enlarged head 21 is dragged towards the first connecting body 3 by the stem 22 mechanically connected to the first drive piston 7 to push, 10 acting on the holding surface 19 (directly or indirectly through other components interposed between the enlarged head 21 and the retaining surface 19), the second pressure connecting body 5 with its second contact surface sliding 15 towards the first sliding surface 14 of the first body of link 3. 15 In this way, when the first drive piston 7 translates along the direction of Z movement transversal to the X reference plane to arrange itself in the first actuation position by switching the first locking means 6 into the first constraint condition, the enlarged head 21 is not at risk of crossing the second communication opening 20 (since the dimensions of the enlarged head 21 itself are 20 larger, on a plane transversal to the direction of movement Z, than those of the second communication opening 20) and, furthermore, such enlarged head 21 (being dragged by the stem 22 towards the first connecting body 3 when the first piston (drive 7 is in the first drive position) induces a friction force on the first and second sliding surfaces 14, 15 (regardless of whether 25 that they are in direct contact with each other or that they have another component of the clamping device 1 in question interposed between them), since it pushes the second connecting body 5 (acting against the retaining surface 19 of the latter directly or with the interposition of other components of the clamping device 1 of which is in question, as will be better described below and as illustrated in the attached documents 5 figures) towards the first connecting body 3. In accordance with an embodiment not illustrated in the attached figures, the stem 22 of the first tie rod element 16 is placed across the first opening of communication 17 of the first connecting body 3 substantially to size and to crossing of the second communication opening 20 of the second body of 10 connection 5 with game. In this way, the first tensioning element 16 is held precisely in position. from the first communication opening 17 and the maximum mutual translation on the plane of reference X that the first and second can travel with respect to each other connecting body 3, 5 depends on the difference in size (especially the 15 difference in diameters), on the same reference plane X, between the stem 22 of the first tie rod 16 and the second communication opening 20. Otherwise, in accordance with the preferred embodiment illustrated in the attachments figures, the stem 22 of the first tie rod 16 is placed across the second communication opening 20 of the second connecting body 5 20 substantially to measure (and, as previously described, to cross with game of the first communication opening 17), so that the first pulling element 16 is integral with the second connecting body 5 in translation (in particular with two degrees of freedom) on the reference plane X. Therefore, in accordance with the preferential embodiment illustrated, the first element 25 tie rod 16 is integral in translation with the first actuating piston 7 along the direction of Z movement transversal to the reference plane X (in order to pull the second connecting body 5 towards the first connecting body 3 when the first piston of actuation 7 is in the first actuation position) and is placed to cross of the first communication opening 17 with game and of the second opening of 5 communication 20 substantially to measure so that the same first element tie rod 16 moves together with the second connecting body 5 when the latter changes its first adjustment position relative to the first connecting body 3 translating with two degrees of freedom on the reference plane X. Preferably, the first tie rod 16 is provided with a base portion 28 and the 10 stem 22 extends between the base portion 28 and the enlarged head 21. Furthermore, the first actuating piston 7 is preferably provided with a first seat containment 29, which houses the base portion 28 of the first tie rod element 16 in a smooth manner (especially with two degrees of freedom) on a plane parallel to the reference plane X. 15 In more detail, the first actuating piston 7 is provided with an access channel 34 communicating with the first containment seat 29, crossed with play by the stem 22 of the first tie rod element 16 and having dimensions, on a plane transversal to the direction of movement Z, greater than those of the stem 22 and lower with respect to those of the base portion 28 (so that the stem 22 can translate 20 inside the access channel 34 with two degrees of freedom with respect to the plane of reference X, without the base portion 28 being able to cross the same channel as access 34 exiting from the first containment site 29). Furthermore, in order to allow the base portion 28 to slide relative to the first piston of drive 7 with two degrees of freedom on a plane parallel to the reference plane 25 X keeping the same first tie rod element 16 integral in translation with the first actuating piston 7 along the direction of movement Z, the first seat of containment 29 has in particular larger dimensions than those of the portion of base 28 on a plane transversal to the direction of movement Z and has dimensions substantially equal to those of the same base portion 28 on a plane 5 containing the Z direction of movement. In this way, when the first actuating piston 7 translates along the direction of Z movement, necessarily the first tie rod element 16 translates together with the first actuating piston 7 along the same direction of movement Z or parallel to it, since the base portion 28 is inserted into a first seat of 10 containment 29 having substantially the same dimensions as the base portion 28 on a plane containing the direction of movement Z. In order to allow easy assembly of the clamping device 1 in question, the first tensioning element 16 is preferably formed by two components 35, 37, of which one is a screw 35 and the other is a pin with head 37. In more detail, the screw 35 comprises 15 the enlarged head 21 and a threaded shaft 36 developing from the enlarged head 21. In particular, the pin with head 37 comprises the shank 22 which is made of body unique with the base portion 28 and extends in projection from the latter up to a its own end on which a threaded seat 38 is obtained which is engaged by the threaded shaft 36. Even more preferably, the first actuating piston 7 is provided with an opening 20 of passage 39 opposite the access channel 34, communicating with the first seat of containment 29 and having larger dimensions than those of the base portion 28 on a plane transverse to the direction of movement Z. In particular, the first actuating piston 7 is also provided with a cover 40, which seals the passage opening 39, so that the inserted fluid 25 in the first guide chamber 8 through the first conveying duct 11 not enter the first containment seat 29 through the passage opening 39 and not passes through the access channel 34 and then exits from the first guide chamber 8. In this way, to assemble the clamping device 1 in question, the pin with head 37 is mounted on the first actuating piston 7 by passing the stem 22 5 through the passage opening 39 until the aforementioned stem 22 protrudes from the channel of access 34 and placing the base portion 28 in the first containment seat 29, the cover 40 is positioned to close the passage opening 39, the first means elastics 9 and the first drive piston 7 carrying the aforementioned pin mounted with head 37 are inserted into the first guide chamber 8 obtained on the first component 10 3' of the first connecting body 3 and the second component 3'' is fixed to the first component 3' to close the guide chamber 8 with the stem 22 which passes through the first communication opening 17 obtained on the same second component 3''. After that, operationally, the second connecting body 5 is arranged (directly or indirectly with other interposed components) on the first body of 15 connection 3 so that the stem 22 also passes through the second opening of communication 20 and the screw 35 is fixed by screwing to the stem 22, so that the enlarged head 21 prevents the second connecting body 5 from separating from the first connecting body 3. Preferably, the first actuating piston 7 comprises a tubular element 41, 20 which develops in projection from the first face 7' facing the second body of connection 5, is at least partially inserted substantially to measure in the first communication opening 17 (in particular, so as to guide as much as possible precisely possible translation of the same first actuating piston 7 along the direction of movement Z between the first and second actuation positions) and 25 delimits the access channel 34 crossed with play by the stem 22 of the first element tie rod 16 (so that the stem 22 is placed to pass through with play of the first communication opening 17, as this stem 22 is placed to cross with clearance of the access channel 34 delimited by the aforementioned tubular element 41 at least partially inserted substantially to measure in the same first opening of 5 communication 17). In particular, the one or more first cup springs of the first elastic means 9 are crossed by the tubular element 41 of the first actuating piston 41. Advantageously, the second bracket assembly 4 comprises a third body of connection 23 rotatably connected to the second connecting body 5 around 10 at least one axis of rotation (in particular transverse to the direction of movement Z and / or to the extension axis Y) so that the third connecting body 23 is tiltable with respect to the second connecting body 5 between a plurality of second adjustment positions. In this way, the clamping device 1 in question can be used for 15 compensate not only for misalignment between the points where the clamping device 1 itself is fixed to the support base and to the semi-finished product, but also to compensate any deformations of the semi-finished product which lead to changes in the orientation of the point at which the clamping device 1 is fixed to the semi-finished product itself. Furthermore, the provision of the third connecting body 3 also allows to adapt the 20 clamping device 1 depending on the shape and / or orientation of the semi-finished product which must be kept in position with respect to the support base, as the device bracket 1 provided with the third connecting body 23 could be used for hold a semi-finished product in position with a substantially planar face facing towards the support base or to keep a semi-finished product in position with a 25 curved surface facing the support base. In accordance with the preferred embodiment illustrated in the attached figures, the third connecting body 23 is advantageously provided with a third surface of sliding 24 and the second connecting body 5 is provided with a fourth sliding surface 25, which third and fourth sliding surfaces 24, 25 5 are arranged in contact with each other and are one concave and the other convex to allow the third connecting body 23 to tilt with respect to the second connecting body 5 around at least one axis of rotation. Preferably, the third and fourth sliding surfaces 24, 25 are a concave with a substantially spherical shape and the other convex with shape 10 substantially of spherical cap to allow the third connecting body 23 to tilt with respect to the second connecting body 5 around three axes of rotation mutually orthogonal. Alternatively, the third and fourth sliding surfaces 24, 25 may be a concave with a substantially cylindrical sector shape and the other convex with a shape 15 substantially of cylindrical sector to allow the third connecting body 23 to tilt with respect to the second connecting body 5 with respect to a single axis of rotation. Furthermore, the third connecting body 23 is advantageously provided with a second containment seat 26 opening onto the third sliding surface 24 towards the 20 second connecting body 5 with a third communication opening 27 having smaller dimensions than those of the enlarged head 21 of the first tie rod element 16, on a plane transversal to the direction of movement Z. Furthermore, the enlarged head 21 of the first tie rod element 16 is advantageously housed in the second containment seat 26, the stem 22 of the first tie rod element 16 is 25 placed at the crossing of the third communication opening 27 (in particular the first tie rod element 16 is placed across the third opening of communication 27 with play, so as to facilitate the rotation of the third body of connection 23 with respect to the second connecting body 5) and also the fourth sliding surface 25 of the second connecting body 5 is at least partly 5 coinciding with the retention surface 19. In more detail, with the first actuating piston 7 in the first position of drive, the enlarged head 21 is dragged towards the first connecting body 3 by the stem 22 to push the third connecting body 23 towards the second connecting body connection 5 so that the third sliding surface 24 is pushed into the abutment 10 pressure against the fourth sliding surface 25, thus blocking the third body of connection 23 and the second connecting body 5 in a second position of regulation. Furthermore, advantageously, with the first actuating piston 7 in the first position of actuation, the enlarged head 21 is dragged towards the first connecting body 3 15 from the stem 22 to push (in particular through the third connecting body 23) also the second connecting body 5 towards the first connecting body 3 in so that the second sliding surface 15 is pushed under pressure towards the first sliding surface 14, thus blocking the second connecting body 5 and the first connecting body 3 in a first adjustment position (in accordance with 20 the illustrated embodiment in which there are no other components interposed between the first and the second sliding surface 14, 15, the second sliding surface 15 is pushed into contact with the first sliding surface 14 when the first actuating piston 7 is in the first actuating position). In accordance with this preferential embodiment, therefore, with the first piston of 25 drive 7 in the first drive position, the enlarged head 21 is dragged towards the first connecting body 3 from the stem 22 mechanically connected to the first actuating piston 7 to push, acting on the retaining surface 19 through the third connecting body 23, the second connecting body 5 a pressure with its second sliding surface 15 towards the first sliding surface 5 sliding 14 of the first connecting body 3. Therefore, in accordance with the preferred embodiment illustrated in the attached figures, when the first actuating piston 7 is in the first position of drive, the enlarged head 21 of the first tie rod element 16 is not placed directly in contact with the holding surface 19, but presses on it 10 through the third connecting body 23 and, in particular, through the third sliding surface 24 of the aforementioned third connecting body 23, and therefore the holding surface 19 coincides at least in part with the fourth surface of retaining 25 of the same second connecting body 5. In this way, in accordance with the embodiment illustrated in the attached figures, the 15 first locking means 6 with first tie rod 16 lock, in the first constraint condition, both the second connecting body 5 with respect to the first connecting body connection 3 that the third connecting body 23 with respect to the second connecting body connection 5. Furthermore, in accordance with this embodiment, the aforementioned first means of locking 6 with first tie rod element 16 advantageously allow, in the first 20 release condition, both to the second connecting body 5 to translate with two degrees of freedom on the reference plane X with respect to the first connecting body 3 which at third connecting body 23 to tilt around at least one axis of rotation with respect to the second connecting body 5. This configuration of the first element tie rod 16 (which passes through the second communication opening 20 of the 25 second connecting body 5 and has its own enlarged head 21 inserted into the second containment seat 26 of the third connecting body 23) makes the clamping device 1 according to the invention is particularly simple and versatile, since the same first locking means 6 can allow or inhibit the same time a translation and a rotation of some of the components of the device 5 same bracketing, thus compensating for any misalignments at the same time and inclinations of the point where the clamping device 1 is fixed to the semi-finished product with respect to the support base. However, in accordance with a different embodiment not illustrated, they can locking means distinct from the first locking means 6 must be provided 10 for the purpose of locking the third connecting body 23 in a desired second adjustment position relative to the second connecting body 5. In this case, for example, the clamping device 1 in question comprises third parties locking means, which are mechanically associated with the second and third bodies of connection 5, 23 and are switchable between a third constraint condition, in which 15 lock the second and third connecting body 5, 23 in one of the second adjustment positions, and a third release condition, in which they release the second and the third connecting body 5, 23 to tilt mutually with respect to each other to the other around at least one axis of rotation. Furthermore, the clamping device 1 of this embodiment not illustrated advantageously comprises a third piston of 20 drive, which is slidably inserted into a third guide chamber made on one between the second and third connecting body 5, 23 to translate between a fifth actuation position, in which it holds the third locking means in the third condition of constraint, and a sixth actuation position, in which it maintains the third locking means in the third release condition. Furthermore, this locking device 25 bracket 1 advantageously also includes third elastic means, which are inserted in the third guide chamber and are arranged to force the third drive piston in one of the fifth actuation position and the sixth actuation position, and third actuator means, which are arranged to move the third actuating piston in the other between the fifth and sixth actuation position by making it yield elastically 5 the third elastic means (for example, the third actuator means comprise a second conveyor duct obtained on the one between the second and third body of connection 5, 23 on which the third guide chamber is obtained, placed in communication with fluid with the aforementioned third guide chamber and arranged to convey a fluid in pressure against the third actuating piston to make the third ones elastically yield 10 elastic means and push the third operating piston into the other between the fifth position of actuation and the sixth actuation position). In accordance with this embodiment not illustrated provided with the third means of locking, the second connecting body 5 is internally provided with a third containment site at least partially delimited by the holding surface 15 19 and containing inside it the enlarged head 21 of the first tie rod element 16, the which is likely to come into direct contact with the aforementioned surface retainer 19 with the first actuating piston 7 in the first position of actuation (and therefore in this case the aforementioned retaining surface 19 does not coincides with the fourth sliding surface 25 of the second connecting body 20 5 on which the third sliding surface 24 of the third connecting body 23 is susceptible to flow). Furthermore, the aforementioned third containment site (which is obtained internally to the second connecting body 5, is at least partially delimited by the surface of retainer 19 and contains the enlarged head 21) is also advantageously provided in 25 further embodiments not illustrated in which the third body is not present connection 23 (even in this case the enlarged head 21 is susceptible to go directly abutting against the retaining surface 19, with the first piston of drive 7 in the first drive position). In accordance with the embodiment illustrated in the attached figures, the first assembly of 5 bracket 2 advantageously comprises a fourth connecting body 42 and, furthermore, the first connecting body 3 and the fourth connecting body 42 are slidably associated along a translation direction W to move each other with respect to the other in a plurality of third regulation positions. Preferably, the translation direction W is transverse to the reference plane X and, 10 even more preferably, orthogonal to the aforementioned reference plane X (and, therefore, is in particular also coinciding or parallel to the direction of movement Z). More specifically, the fact that the first and fourth connecting bodies 3, 42 are advantageously slidingly associated along the translation direction W causes the clamping device 1 in question can be used to tighten to the base of 15 support of semi-finished products having a clamping surface (facing the base of support) with non-uniform dimensional tolerances, which lead to different distances from the support base itself the different points where the clamping devices 1 will be tightened to the semi-finished product. Furthermore, the arrangement of the fourth connecting body 42 sliding with respect to the 20 first connecting body 3 along a transverse translation direction W (and in particular orthogonal) to the reference plane X allows the clamping device 1 to adapt to the semi-finished product even when (due to thermal deformations or similar induced by the machining operations) the point at which the clamping device 1 is fixed to the semi-finished product has changed its height with respect to the support base. 25 Furthermore, the clamping device 1 in question advantageously comprises second locking means 46, which are mechanically associated with the first and fourth connecting body 3, 42 and are switchable between a second constraint condition, in which they block the first and fourth connecting body 3, 42 in one of the third adjustment positions, and a second release condition, in which they release the first 5 and the fourth connecting body 3, 42 to translate reciprocally with respect to each other along the translation direction W. Furthermore, the clamping device 1 in question advantageously comprises a second actuating piston 47, which is slidably inserted into the first guide chamber 8 obtained on the first connecting body 3 to translate between a third 10 actuation position, in which it holds the second locking means 46 in the second constraint condition, and a fourth actuation position, in which it maintains the second locking means 46 in the second release condition. The clamping device 1 advantageously also comprises second elastic means 48, which are inserted in the first guide chamber 8 and are arranged to force the 15 second actuating piston 47 in one of the third actuating position and the fourth actuation position, and furthermore the first actuator means 10 are preferably arranged to move the second actuating piston 47 into the other between the third and fourth actuation positions by making the seconds yield elastically elastic means 48 (as well as to move the first actuating piston 7 in the other between 20 the first and second actuation position by making the first ones yield elastically elastic means 9). In more detail, the arrangement of the second actuating piston 47 and the seconds elastic means 48 in the same first guide chamber 8 in which the first one is arranged actuating piston 7 and the first elastic means 9 allows to increase by means of 25 the fourth connecting body 42 the degrees of freedom useful to compensate the induced stresses from processing operations while keeping the device as compact as possible of the 1st bracket in question, thus avoiding the provision of additional means of drive (distinct from the first drive means 10) and a further guide chamber obtained in the first connecting body 3 or in the fourth connecting body 5 connection 42 and suitable to contain the second actuating piston 47 and the second elastic means 48. Preferably, the second actuating piston 47 is interposed between the first piston of drive 7 and the second extreme surface 8''. Furthermore, the first conveying duct 11 of the first actuator means 10 is placed in 10 fluid connection with the first guide chamber 8 and is specifically designed to convey a fluid under pressure either against the first actuating piston 7 or make the first elastic means 9 elastically yield and push the same first piston of drive 7 in the other between the first and second drive position (i.e., in in other words, other than the position in which the same first actuating piston 7 15 is forced by the first elastic means 9), both against the second actuating piston 47 to elastically collapse the second elastic means 47 and push the second piston of actuation 47 in the other between the third and fourth actuation positions (i.e., in in other words, other than the position in which the same second actuating piston 47 is forced by the second elastic means 48). 20 More specifically, in this case, the aforementioned first conveying duct 11 develops between a receiving opening, which is arranged on an external lateral surface 33 of the first connecting body 3 (in particular an external lateral surface 33 of the first component 3'), and a conveying opening, which is placed in fluid connection with the first guide chamber 8, in particular obtained on the 25 internal lateral surface 8''' in a position interposed between the first and second actuating piston 7, 48. In this way, by introducing into the first duct of conveying 11 a fluid under pressure, the latter is able to move at the same time at the same time both the first and second actuating pistons 7, 47. Advantageously (similarly to the first elastic means 9 and the first means 5 actuators 10), the second elastic means 48 are arranged to force the second piston of actuation 47 in the third actuation position and the first actuating means 10 are arranged to move the second actuating piston 47 into the fourth actuation position by elastically yielding the second elastic means 48. Furthermore, similarly to the first elastic means 9, the second elastic means 48 comprise 10 preferably at least one third cup spring and, in particular, more than one third cup spring cups placed on top of each other. In order to allow the first and fourth connecting body 3, 42 to slide together compared to the other, the fourth connecting body 42 is advantageously provided with a guide seat 43 internally delimited at least partially by a first 15 lateral surface 44 and the first connecting body 3 is at least partially inserted into the guide seat 43 in a sliding manner along the translation direction W. Furthermore, the first connecting body 3 is advantageously equipped with a portion of locking 45 contained in the guide seat 43 and deformable between a configuration expanded, in which it exerts pressure against the first lateral surface 44 to prevent 20 to the first connecting body 3 to slide in the guide seat 43, and a undeformed configuration, in which it does not exert pressure against the first surface lateral 44 allowing the first connecting body 3 to slide into the guide seat 43. In this way, when the locking portion 45 is in the expanded configuration, the 25 first and fourth connecting body 3, 42 are prevented from sliding relative to each other to the other along the translation direction W by the friction force exerted by the same locking portion 45 against the first lateral surface 44 of the guide seat 43 of the second connecting body 42. In more detail, therefore, the second locking means 46 are arranged for 5 hold the locking portion 45 of the first adjustment body 3 in the expanded configuration when they are in the second constraint condition and are arranged to maintain the locking portion 45 in the configuration undeformed when they are in the second release condition. Advantageously, in order to allow the portion of 10 lock 45 to switch between the expanded configuration and the undeformed configuration, the aforementioned locking portion 45 of the first connecting body 3 comprises a plurality of flexible fins 49 extending substantially parallel to the direction of translation W. In more detail, the flexible fins 49 (extending substantially parallel to the 15 direction of translation W) are foldable around axes transverse to the aforementioned translation direction W, so that, in the expanded configuration, the aforementioned flexible fins 49 bent increase the size, on a plane transverse to the same translation direction W, of the locking portion 45, thus making sure that the latter interferes with the first lateral surface 44. 20 Advantageously, a volume of containment 50, which is internally delimited at least partially by a second lateral surface 51. As visible in the attached figure 4, the aforementioned containment volume 50 is preferably delimited by the flexible fins 49, on which the second one extends 25 lateral surface 51. Furthermore, the second locking means 46 advantageously comprise a body pusher 52, which is slidably inserted into the containment volume 50, is integral at least in translation to the second actuating piston 47 and comprises a surface of thrust 53 capable of interfering, directly or indirectly, with the second surface 5 lateral 51 to push the locking portion 45 into the expanded configuration when the second actuating piston 47 is in the third actuating position. More specifically, in order to allow the pusher body 52 to be integral at least in translation to the second actuating piston 47, the first connecting body 3 is equipped with at least a fourth communication opening 54 placed to connect the 10 first guide chamber 8 and containment volume 50 and, in addition, the second piston of the drive 47 and the pusher body 52 are mechanically connected to each other through the aforementioned fourth communication opening 54. In particular, the second actuating piston 47 comprises a shaft of connection 55 placed at the crossing of the fourth communication opening 54, 15 developing at least in part within the containment volume 50 and fixed (for (e.g. for screwing, for interlocking or similar) to the pusher body 52. In accordance with a variant not illustrated in the attached figures, the second lateral surface 51 is tapered and the thrust surface 53 of the pusher body 52 is shaped so that, when the second actuating piston 47 is in the third 20 actuation position, it interferes with the second lateral surface 51 for bring the locking portion 45 into expanded configuration, and that, when the second actuating piston 47 is in the fourth actuating position, it does not interfere with the second lateral surface 51 to leave the locking portion 45 in undeformed configuration. 25 Otherwise, in accordance with the illustrated embodiment, the second means of locking 46 advantageously comprise fourth elastic means 56, which are arranged in the containment volume 50, they are counter-faced to the second surface lateral 51, and are likely to interfere, directly or indirectly, with the thrust surface 53 of the pusher body 52. 5 In more detail, these fourth elastic means 56 can be operated by the aforementioned pusher body 52 between a release configuration and a compression configuration. In particular, when the second actuating piston 47 is in the fourth position of actuation occurs the release configuration, in which the fourth elastic means 56 they are equipped with a first radial dimension and a first axial dimension so as not to 10 interfere with the second lateral surface 51. Also in particular, when the second actuating piston 47 is in the third drive position occurs compression configuration, in which the quarters elastic means 56 are equipped with a second radial dimension greater than the first radial size and a second axial size smaller than the first axial size 15 to interfere with the second lateral surface 51 and push the locking portion 45 in the expanded configuration. In accordance with the preferred embodiment, therefore, when the second piston of drive 47 is in the third drive position, the thrust surface 53 of the pusher body 52, preferably, does not interfere directly with the second 20 lateral surface 51, but rather interferes with the aforementioned second lateral surface 51 through the elastic half quarters 56. Advantageously, the fourth elastic means 56 comprise at least one second spring cup 57 and, preferably, comprise a plurality of second cup springs 57 arranged one on top of the other. 25 In more detail, the at least one second cup spring 57 develops with an annular shape around its own development axis substantially parallel to the direction of translation W and delimits a central opening 58 crossed by the pusher body 52. Furthermore, such at least one second cup spring 57 is advantageously equipped with a own major base 59, which is arranged, directly or indirectly, in 5 support against a contact surface 60 extending within the volume of containment 50 transversely to the second lateral surface 51 and is in contact with the second lateral surface 51. Furthermore, the aforementioned at least one second cup spring 57 is advantageously equipped with a minor base 61, which is opposite to the major base 59 and is susceptible to 10 receive, directly or indirectly, against oneself the thrust surface 53 of the body pusher 52 to be operated between the compression configuration and the release configuration. In particular, in the case where more than one second cup spring 57 is provided, only one of it is equipped with its own larger base 59 placed directly in support against the 15 contact surfaces 60 and only one of them has its own smaller base 61 capable of receiving the thrust surface 53 directly against itself. Advantageously, the first connecting body 3 is provided with a dividing wall 62 interposed between the first guide chamber 8 (in particular, the second surface extremal 8'' of the first guide chamber 8 extends on the dividing wall 62) and the 20 containment volume 50, on which dividing wall 62 is preferably obtained the fourth communication opening 54. In accordance with a variant embodiment not illustrated, the contact surface 60 can extend onto the dividing wall 62 on the side of the containment volume 50. Otherwise, in accordance with a further embodiment not illustrated, the 25 contact surface 60 is advantageously defined by a support ring arranged against the dividing wall 62 and in particular housed in the containment volume 50. Still differently, in accordance with the illustrated embodiment, each fin flexible 49 is provided in a single body with a retaining step 63 and, furthermore, on each of such retaining steps 63 extends a portion of the surface of 5 counter 60 facing in the opposite direction to the dividing wall 62. Preferably, so that the second elastic means 48 can advantageously keep the second actuating piston 47 in the third actuating position, i second elastic means 48 are interposed between the second actuating piston 47 and the dividing wall 62 and, furthermore, the fourth elastic means 56 are interposed between the surface of 10 counter 60 and the thrust surface 53 of the pusher body 52, which thrust surface thrust 53 is in particular directed towards the dividing wall 62. Furthermore, in accordance with the illustrated embodiment, so that the second elastic means 48 can advantageously maintain the third actuation position second actuating piston 47, the fourth elastic means 56 are preferably 15 equipped with a lower stiffness than that of the second elastic means 48. Preferably, as visible in figure 5, in order to give a low stiffness to the fourth half-elastic 56 (particularly lower stiffness than that of the second elastic means 48), the at least one second cup spring 57 is provided with a plurality of weakening grooves 64, which in particular extend one from the 20 minor base 61 and one starting from the major base 59 in an alternating manner throughout the circumferential extension of the second cup spring 57 around the development axis. In this way, the second elastic means 48 tend to keep the second piston in drive 47 away from the dividing wall 62, so that the pusher body 52 is kept close to the contact surface 60 and maintains, through its 25 thrust surface 53, the fourth elastic means 56 in compression configuration, thus causing the latter to assume the second radial bulk and consequently interfere with the second lateral surface 51 bringing the portion 45 locking in expanded configuration. Without thereby departing from the scope of protection of this patent, in accordance with 5 further embodiments not illustrated, the second actuating piston 47 and the second elastic means 48 may not be inserted into the first guide chamber 8 of the first connecting body 3, but could be inserted in a list second guide chamber obtained on one of the first connecting body 3 and the fourth connecting body 42. In this case, the clamping device 1 in question 10 advantageously comprises second actuator means (distinct from the first actuator means 10) arranged to move the second actuating piston 47 in a between the third and fourth actuation positions by making the seconds yield elastically elastic means 48. Furthermore, in this case having the second actuating piston 47 and the second elastic means 48 arranged in the second guide chamber separate from the 15 first guide chamber 8, the guide seat 43 is obtained on the one between the first and the fourth connecting body 3, 42 on which the second guide chamber and the locking portion 45 is obtained on the one between the first and the fourth body of connection 3, 42 on which the aforementioned second guide chamber is obtained. In accordance with the preferred embodiment equipped with the fourth body of 20 connection 42, the first bearing surface 12 extends on the fourth body of connection 42 and the first coupling means 30 advantageously comprise at least one first tie rod (not illustrated), which is provided with a first head shaped insertable into a first attachment seat 65 obtained on the fourth body of connection 42 starting from the first support surface 12 and a first stem 25 threaded developing from the aforementioned first shaped head and intended to be screwed to the support base or to the semi-finished product, and two first jaws 66, which are slidingly inserted into a first guide channel 67 obtained on the fourth body of connection 42 to intercept the first coupling seat 65 and are switchable, by means of a first screw-nut mechanism 68, between a first configuration of 5 hook, in which they are closed against the first shaped head housed in the first seat of coupling 65, and a first release configuration, in which they are spaced from the first shaped head. Furthermore, in accordance with the preferred embodiment equipped with the third body of connection 23, the second support surface 13 extends on the third body of 10 connection 23 and the second coupling means 31 advantageously comprise at least one second tie rod (not shown), which is provided with a second head shaped insertable into a second attachment seat 69 obtained on the third body of connection 23 starting from the second support surface 13 and a second threaded stem developing from the aforementioned second shaped head and intended 15 to be screwed to the support base or to the semi-finished product, and two second jaws 70, which are slidably inserted into a second guide channel 71 obtained on the third connecting body 23 to intercept the second coupling seat 69 and are switchable, by means of a second screw-nut mechanism 72, between a second coupling configuration, in which they are closed against the second shaped head 20 housed in the second coupling seat 69, and a second release configuration, in which they are spaced from the second shaped head. More in detail, in accordance with this embodiment provided with the third and fourth connecting body 23, 42, the first bearing surface 12 obtained on the fourth connecting body 42 is parallel to the reference plane X and the first assembly of 25 bracket 2 is intended to be fixed to the support base with the first surface of support 12 placed on this support base. In accordance with other possible embodiments not illustrated in which the fourth connecting body 42, the first bearing surface 12 extends on the first connecting body 3, the first coupling seat 65 is obtained on the first body 5 connection 3 starting from the first support surface 12 and the first channel of guide 67 is obtained on the first connecting body 3 to intercept the first docking station 65. Furthermore, in accordance with other possible embodiments not illustrated in which it is not the third connecting body 23 is foreseen, the second supporting surface 13 is 10 extends onto the second connecting body 5, the second coupling seat 69 is obtained on the second connecting body 5 starting from the second supporting surface 13 and the second guide channel 71 is obtained on the second connecting body 5 ad interception of the second coupling seat 69. The invention thus conceived therefore achieves the intended purposes.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Clamping device (1) for holding a semi-finished product in position with respect to a support base, which comprises: - at least one first clamping assembly (2), which is intended to be removably fixed to one of said support base and said semi-finished product and comprises at least one first connecting body (3); - at least one second clamping assembly (4), which is intended to be removably fixed to the other of said semi-finished product and said support base and comprises at least one second connecting body (5); said first and second connecting bodies (3, 5) being mechanically engaged to translate reciprocally with respect to each other with at least one degree of freedom on a reference plane (X) between a plurality of first adjustment positions;- first locking means (6), which are mechanically associated with said first and said second connecting body (3, 5) and are switchable between a first constraint condition, in which they lock said first and second connecting body (3, 5) in one of said first adjustment positions, and a first release condition, in which they free said first and second connecting body (3, 5) to translate reciprocally with respect to each other on said reference plane (X);- a first actuating piston (7), which is slidably inserted into a first guide chamber (8) formed on said first connecting body (3) to translate along a direction of movement (Z) transversal to said reference plane (X) between a first actuating position, in which it maintains said first locking means (6) in said first constraint condition, and a second actuating position, in which it maintains said first locking means (6) in said first release condition; - first elastic means (9), which are inserted into said first guide chamber (8) and are arranged to force said first actuating piston (7) into one of said first actuating position and said second actuating position; - first actuator means (10), which are arranged to move said first actuating piston (7) into the other between said first and second actuating position by elastically yielding said first elastic means (9).; 2. Clamping device (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that said first actuator means (10) comprise at least a first conveying duct (11) formed on said first connecting body (3), placed in fluid communication with said first guide chamber (8) and arranged to convey a pressurised fluid against said first actuating piston (7) to elastically yield said first elastic means (9) and push said first actuating piston (7) into the other between said first actuating position and said second actuating position.

3. Clamping device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that said first clamping assembly (2) is provided with a first support surface (12) intended to be placed against one of said support base and said semi-finished product and said second clamping assembly (4) is provided with a second support surface (13) intended to be placed against the other of said support base and said semi-finished product; at least one of said first support surface (12) and said second support surface (13) being parallel to said reference plane (X).

4. A clamping device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that said first connecting body (3) is provided with a first sliding surface (14) and said second connecting body (5) is provided with a second sliding surface (15), which first and second sliding surfaces (14, 15) are capable of sliding relative to each other with said first and second connecting body (3, 5) translating on said reference plane (X);said first locking means (6) comprising a first tie rod element (16), which is mechanically associated with said second connecting body (5) and is integral with said first actuating piston (7) at least in translation along said direction of movement (Z) transverse to said reference plane (X) to pull under pressure said second sliding surface (15) towards said first sliding surface (14) locking said first and second connecting body (3, 5) in a said first adjustment position, with said first actuating piston (7) in said first actuating position.; 5. Clamping device (1) according to claim 4, characterised in that said first connecting body (3) is provided with a first communication opening (17) extending between said first guide chamber (8) and said first sliding surface (14); said first tie rod element (16) being placed so as to pass through, with clearance, the first communication opening (17) of said first connecting body (3).

6. Clamping device (1) according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that said second connecting body (5) is provided with a retaining surface (19), which faces in the opposite direction to said second sliding surface (15), and with a second communication opening (20) extending between said second sliding surface (15) and said retaining surface (19); said first tie rod element (16) being provided with: - an enlarged head (21), which is arranged adjacent to said retaining surface (19) and has dimensions, on a plane transversal to said direction of movement (Z), greater than those of said second communication opening (20);- a stem (22), which extends from said enlarged head (21), is mechanically connected to said first actuating piston (7) and is placed across the second communication opening (20) of said second connecting body (5); with said first actuating piston (7) in said first actuating position, said enlarged head (21) being dragged towards said first connecting body (3) by said stem (22) mechanically connected to said first actuating piston (7) to push, acting on said retaining surface (19), said second connecting body (5) under pressure with its said second sliding surface (15) towards the first sliding surface (14) of said first connecting body (3).; 7. Clamping device according to claims 5 and 6, characterised in that the stem (22) of said first tie rod element (16) is placed across the second communication opening (20) of said second connecting body (5) substantially at the right size so that said first tie rod element (16) is integral with said second connecting body (5) in translation on the reference plane (X).

8. A clamping device according to claim 7, characterised in that said first tie rod element (16) is provided with a base portion (28) and said stem (22) extends between said base portion (28) and said enlarged head (21); said first actuating piston (7) being provided with a first containment seat (29), which houses the base portion (28) of said first tie rod element (16) in a sliding manner on a plane parallel to said reference plane (X).

9. A clamping device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that said second clamping assembly (4) comprises a third connecting body (23) rotatably connected to said second connecting body (5) about at least one rotation axis so that said third connecting body (23) is tiltable with respect to said second connecting body (5) between a plurality of second adjustment positions.

10. Clamping device (1) according to claims 6 and 9, characterised in that said third connecting body (23) is provided with a third sliding surface (24) and said second connecting body (5) is provided with a fourth sliding surface (25), which third and fourth sliding surfaces (24, 25) are arranged in contact with each other and are one concave and the other convex to allow said third connecting body (23) to tilt with respect to said second connecting body (5) around at least one rotation axis;said third connecting body (23) being provided with a second containment seat (26) opening on said third sliding surface (24) towards said second connecting body (5) with a third communication opening (27) having dimensions smaller than those of the enlarged head (21) of said first tie rod element (16), on a plane transverse to said direction of movement (Z); the enlarged head (21) of said first tie rod element (16) being housed in said second containment seat (26), the stem (22) of said first tie rod element (16) being placed so as to pass through said third communication opening (27) and said fourth sliding surface (25) being at least partly coincident with said retaining surface (19);with said first actuating piston (7) in said first actuating position, said enlarged head (21) being driven towards said first connecting body (3) by said shank (22) to push: - said third connecting body (23) towards said second connecting body (5) so that said third sliding surface (24) is pressed abutment against said fourth sliding surface (25), locking said third connecting body (23) and said second connecting body (5) in a said second adjustment position; and - said second connecting body (5) towards said first connecting body (3) so that said second sliding surface (15) is pressed abutment against said first sliding surface (14), locking said second connecting body (5) and said first connecting body (3) in a said first adjustment position.;