METHOD OF RE-TANNING, OR DYEING OR FATLIQUORATION OF HIDES AND SKINS IN A SATURATED ATMOSPHERE OF PRODUCTS VAPORIZED AND INJECTED INTO A ROTARY CHEMICAL REACTOR AND A HIDES AND SKINS PROCESSING SYSTEM COMPRISING A ROTARY CHEMICAL REACTOR.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRIAL INVENTION TITLE "Method of retanning, or dyeing or fattening of hides in an atmosphere saturated with vaporized products injected into a rotating chemical reactor and hide processing system comprising a rotating chemical reactor" TECHNICAL SECTOR OF THE INVENTION

[001] The present invention relates to a method for working leather or the like.

[002] In particular, the method according to the invention is carried out with a rotating chemical reactor in the absence of a liquid chemical bath.

[003] The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for the retanning, dyeing and fatliquoring stages.

[004] The invention also relates to an apparatus suitable for carrying out the method. STATE OF THE ART

[005] The processing of hides, or tanning, allows the transformation of animal skins making them resistant, elastic, waterproof and rot-proof by bathing them in various types of chemical products.

[006] The well-known rotating chemical reactors (called drums according to a terminology widespread in the relevant technical sector) for the processing of leather, fabrics, or similar materials, are containers, mostly of a substantially cylindrical shape, mounted on suitable support structures which allow them to rotate around their axis and which include shafts, generally hollow as they are used for the supply and expulsion of chemical substances, water and other substances necessary for the process. The perforated axes through which the products are injected support the container by identifying its axis of rotation. Eng. Antonio Leotta Register Prot. n.1253 BM ITALBREVETTI B1819

[007] Some known examples of rotary chemical reactors for tanning are disclosed in prior documents US-2006-0026999 and WO-2004-061136.

[008] . Internally, the reactor is equipped with blades, spigots and other internal elements with the most diverse dimensional characteristics, mainly intended to exert a mechanical action on the processed products. In fact, inside the chemical reactor there are the skins, left free, and the chemical treatment bath. The rotation of the chemical reactor causes a variable interaction between the skins, the chemical bath and the internal surfaces of the chemical reactor consisting of the internal cylindrical surface and the surface of the aforementioned internal elements.

[009] Many factors influence this interaction which is aimed at obtaining three distinct effects on the hides: a chemical effect, a mechanical effect and a peristaltic effect. The chemical effect, due to the interaction between the hides and the chemical bath, is optimised by precisely controlling the composition and temperature of the chemical bath inside the drum during all the stages of the hide treatment. To do this, means are used for adding chemical products to the rotating chemical reactor, filtration, heating, recirculation, control of the concentrations of the various chemical substances and others. In particular, the water and the chemicals that form the chemical bath are usually introduced into the rotating chemical reactor through the hollow shafts of the container.

[0010] There are also technical solutions in which inside the reactor, near the hollow support shaft and one or both bottom walls of the container, there are ducts equipped, at their ends, with nozzles that inject steam directly into the container to control the composition and temperature of the chemical bath.

[0011] There are solutions that use chemical baths to reduce the pH of the hides, making them acidic, and involve the delivery of electrical energy through the hides using electrodes, as shown, for example, in the previous document EP-3527975. Subjecting the hides immersed in the chemical bath to an electric field, using electrodes also immersed in the chemical bath, allows for the penetration times of the chemical products to be speeded up and therefore the entire process. Eng. Antonio Leotta Register Prot. n.1253 BM ITALBREVETTI B1819

[0012] The well-known rotating chemical reactors, although advantageous from some points of view, are not at all free from drawbacks.

[0013] Typically, the well-known rotating chemical reactors, or drums, for tanning are filled with a quantity of water that can reach up to about ten times the weight of the hides (i.e. about 1000% by weight), the chemicals are diluted in water which then acts as a carrier for transporting the chemical agents inside the hides. Necessarily, therefore, the enormous quantity of water used in the drum is discharged, purified and disposed of. Usually, for the retanning and dyeing phases, the hides (shaved or crusted) are first inserted into the drum and then water and chemicals are added. According to some well-known examples of retanning and dyeing processes, a single drum to process 1000 kilograms of hides can consume up to 10 thousand liters of water and about 200 kilograms of chemicals.

[0014] In an attempt to address this problem, solutions have also been proposed in which the rotating chemical reactor is equipped with a chemical bath recirculation system. With the recirculation system, the chemical bath is expelled from the reactor, reconditioned outside the rotating chemical reactor, for example by supplying steam containing specific chemicals dissolved in it, and then reintroduced into the vessel. The above-mentioned solution allows for the composition and temperature of the chemical bath to be controlled quite effectively; however, it entails a certain structural complication of the rotating chemical reactor due to the presence of the recirculation system, and a rather high energy expenditure due to the fact that, to be effective, the recirculation system must be able to handle high liquid flow rates.In addition, the effectiveness of these recirculating solutions on the finished product still needs to be demonstrated, particularly when a high quality of the finished product (leather) is required.

[0015] In parallel with the problems related to the discharge, purification and disposal of processing residues (a lot of water with dissolved chemicals), the weights and rotational inertia involved in the rotating chemical reactor become increasingly important as the quantity of hides increases. Furthermore, the operating temperatures of the well-known rotating chemical reactors are rather Eng. Antonio Leotta Register Prot. n.1253 BM ITALBREVETTI B1819 high temperatures which require heating both the water with the dissolved chemicals and the hides, and this results in high energy consumption over a rather long time frame.

[0016] There is therefore a strong need to provide an improved process for tanning in a rotating chemical reactor. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0017] An object of the present invention is to address the drawbacks complained of with reference to the state of the art.

[0018] These and other objects are achieved with a method, according to claim 1, as well as with an apparatus, according to claim 11.

[0019] Some advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0020] According to one aspect of the invention, a method for processing hides or the like in a rotating chemical reactor for tanning comprises the steps of: loading the hides into the rotating chemical reactor, rotating the rotating chemical reactor, performing one or more controls.

[0021] The method also provides, only if one or more of the above controls have been successfully passed, a phase of injecting nebulised and / or atomised substances into the rotating chemical reactor.

[0022] These substances include nebulized and / or atomized water and one or more nebulized and / or atomized chemicals, and / or a nebulized and / or atomized mixture of water and one or more chemicals. Of course, “water” is also intended to mean “water vapor.” Water and chemicals are not necessarily injected simultaneously.

[0023] The one or more chemicals may comprise a plurality of chemicals belonging to a plurality of classes, wherein the chemicals are not necessarily all injected simultaneously and / or simultaneously with the injection of water (e.g. in the vapor phase). Eng. Antonio Leotta Register Prot. n.1253 BM ITALBREVETTI B1819

[0024] The chemicals are preferably tanning chemicals, and in particular for fatliquoring, retanning and dyeing, and may include products based on chromium, iron, aluminium, titanium, zirconium and / or other suitable metals, as well as non-metallic tanning chemicals, and in particular for fatliquoring, retanning and dyeing, which may include products based on sodium and / or chlorine, such as hydrochloric acid, sodium hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide.

[0025] In accordance with one embodiment, said one or more controls comprise control over the temperature and percentage dosage of the atomized and / or injected substances.

[0026] In accordance with an embodiment, said one or more controls comprise at least one of: control over the humidity of the hides, control over the rotation speed of the rotating chemical reactor, control over the number of revolutions performed, control over the internal temperature of the rotating chemical reactor, control over the temperature of the nebulized and / or atomized substances to be injected, control over the relative humidity, control over the weight of the rotating chemical reactor, visual inspection, control over the dosage of nebulized and / or atomized substances.

[0027] In this paper, the term control refers to both the mere detection or measurement of a given parameter and the detection or measurement combined with a consequent automatic corrective intervention aimed at bringing the parameter back within pre-established values.

[0028] In accordance with one embodiment, the injecting step involves introducing said nebulized and / or atomized substances into the rotating chemical reactor, and in particular simultaneously injecting both nebulized and / or atomized water and one or more nebulized and / or atomized chemical products.

[0029] According to one aspect of the invention, a rotating chemical reactor apparatus is provided for carrying out the above method, comprising: - a hatch for loading the hides into the rotating chemical reactor, - a motor to rotate the rotating chemical container, - an electronic control system, - one or more sensors in operational connection with the electronic control system, Eng. Antonio Leotta Register Prot. n.1253 BM ITALBREVETTI B1819 - one or more injectors for injecting either nebulized and / or atomized water or one or more atomized and / or nebulized chemicals into the rotating chemical reactor, and / or a nebulized and / or atomized mixture of water and one or more chemicals.

[0030] Water and chemicals are not necessarily injected simultaneously.

[0031] The electronic control system is configured to acquire information from said one or more sensors to activate, based on the acquired information, said one or more injectors.

[0032] Said one or more sensors may comprise at least one of the following: a speed sensor, a tachometer, a camera, a temperature probe, a hygrometer, a load cell, a flow meter, a pressure sensor, a dosimeter.

[0033] In accordance with one embodiment, the rotating chemical reactor apparatus further includes means internal to the mechanical action reactor for creating a mechanical effect on the skins, such as paddles, vanes, spigots, and / or the like.

[0034] In accordance with one embodiment, said apparatus further comprises a water conditioning circuit arranged in a cavity formed within a wall of the rotating chemical vessel to manage the temperature of the internal chamber of the reactor.

[0035] In accordance with one embodiment, said injector is a single injector and is arranged on a base wall of the rotating chemical reactor apparatus. Preferably, rolling elements are interposed between the injector and the rotating vessel of the apparatus.

[0036] Thanks to the proposed solutions, it is possible to carry out the retanning, dyeing and / or fattening phases of a leather or similar tanning process without using a chemical bath. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] The characteristics of the invention will be easily understood from the following description of embodiments thereof, provided as non-limiting examples, with reference to the attached figures in which: Eng. Antonio Leotta Register Prot. n.1253 BM ITALBREVETTI B1819 - Figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a rotating chemical reactor apparatus illustrating some possible steps of a method, according to one embodiment; - Figure 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a rotating chemical reactor apparatus illustrating some possible steps of a method, according to one embodiment; - Figure 3 is a schematic cross-section of a rotating chemical reactor apparatus illustrating some possible steps of a method, according to one embodiment; - figure 4 shows schematically in axonometric view a rotating chemical reactor apparatus, according to one embodiment; - Figure 5A is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a rotating chemical reactor apparatus illustrating some possible steps of a method, according to one embodiment; - Figure 5 B is a table illustrating some possible steps of the method, according to one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SOME EMBODIMENTS

[0038] In accordance with a general embodiment, a method is provided for processing hides or the like in a rotary chemical reactor 1 for a tannery. The rotary chemical reactor 1 is preferably a tannery drum. In particular, the rotary chemical reactor 1 is of the type suitable for the retanning, and / or dyeing, and / or fatliquoring phases of a tanning process.

[0039] The rotary chemical reactor 1 comprises a rotary container 11, preferably cylindrical and suitable for rotating around its longitudinal axis X, which defines an internal chamber 10 for the skins P. A door 15 is also provided for loading the skins P inside the rotary reactor i.e. inside the internal chamber 10 of the rotary container. The rotary container of the rotary chemical reactor 1 is supported by a support structure 14 which, for example, comprises a support on which the rotary container 11 is mounted. To rotate the rotary chemical reactor 1, a motor 2 is provided. The motor 2 is preferably Eng. Antonio Leotta Register Prot. n.1253 BM ITALBREVETTI B1819 arranged on the support structure 14 and is operatively connected to the rotating container 11 by means of a drive belt 12 or other element for transmitting the torque delivered by the motor. The rotation axis X of the rotating container 1 preferably coincides with the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical body of the rotating container itself.

[0040] In accordance with one embodiment, inside the internal chamber 10, the rotating chemical reactor 1, i.e. its rotating container 11, comprises internal mechanical action means 7, 7' to create a mechanical effect on the skins P, such as blades, spigots, and / or other means suitable for the purpose. In particular, blades 7 and vanes 7' may be provided, arranged alternately with each other and extending into the internal chamber 10.

[0041] First, the method preferably comprises the step of controlling the moisture content of the P-skins. This step is performed outside the rotary reactor 1 and thus before loading the P-skins into the rotary chemical reactor 1.

[0042] The method comprises the step of loading the hides into the rotating chemical reactor 1, i.e. into the internal chamber 10 of the rotating container 11 of the rotating chemical reactor 1.

[0043] The method further comprises the step of rotating the rotating chemical reactor 1, i.e. rotating the rotating container 11 with its internal chamber 10 relative to the support structure 14. The step of rotating is subsequent to the step of loading the hides P.

[0044] Advantageously, the method also comprises the step of injecting nebulized and / or atomized substances into the drum. The injecting step involves creating an environment with a humidity content, in the internal chamber 10, which is predetermined and is, for example, required by the process being carried out (retanning, dyeing and / or fatliquoring).

[0045] As a further advantage, said nebulized and / or atomized substances comprise nebulized and / or atomized water A and / or one or more nebulized and / or atomized chemicals C. Preferably, both water and chemicals are injected, although not necessarily simultaneously. A nebulized and / or atomized mixture of water and one or more chemicals may be injected. In accordance with one embodiment, Eng. Antonio Leotta Register Prot. n.1253 BM ITALBREVETTI B1819 first, nebulized and / or atomized water A is injected and then, at the end of the water injection, one or more nebulized and / or atomized chemical products C are injected.

[0046] Thanks to this method, it is possible to avoid using a liquid chemical bath in the internal chamber 10 of the rotating container 11 of the rotating chemical reactor 1 (drum 1), because the water A and the chemical products C are injected in a nebulised and / or atomised form, for example in the form of a mixture.

[0047] Thanks to such a method, the total weight of the nebulized and / or atomized water in the rotating chemical reactor is equal to or less than the weight of the dry hides P (the maximum moisture content acceptable for the hide is equal to 100% by weight and beyond this saturation threshold the undesirable dripping of the hides inside the rotating container 11 occurs).

[0048] In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises the step of performing one or more checks and enabling the injection of nebulized and / or atomized substances only if said checks are successfully passed.

[0049] Said one or more controls preferably comprise at least one of (but also all) the following controls: control over the rotation speed of the rotating chemical reactor, i.e. the rotation speed V of the rotating container 11, control over the number of revolutions performed, control over the internal temperature of the rotating chemical reactor 1, i.e. the temperature of the internal chamber 10, control over the relative humidity, control over the weight of the rotating chemical reactor 1 such as for example the weight of the rotating container 11.

[0050] In particular, the control on the rotation speed V of the rotating chemical reactor 1 can be performed by acquiring information on the rotation speed V. Through a camera 3 facing the internal chamber 10, the internal movement of the skins can be detected to adapt the number of revolutions to the desired trajectory for the skins P.

[0051] In particular, the temperature control may include control over the internal temperature of the rotating chemical reactor and may be achieved by means of a temperature sensor 5 positioned facing the internal chamber 10 with wireless or wired transmission. Eng. Antonio Leotta Register Prot. n.1253 BM ITALBREVETTI B1819

[0052] Alternatively or in addition, the temperature control may also include control over the temperature of the substances to be injected. The temperature control of the substances to be injected may prevent the formation of condensation inside the internal chamber 10. Furthermore, the temperature control may also include control over the temperature of the heating liquid circulating in the heat exchange cavities of the rotating chemical reactor 1.

[0053] In particular, the control on the relative humidity can be carried out by sampling the atmosphere aspirated from the internal chamber 10 of the rotating reactor 11, through one of the two axes.

[0054] In particular, the control on the weight of the rotating container 11 can be achieved by means of a load cell 6 arranged between the rotating container 11 and its support structure 14.

[0055] Said controls may include a control on the quantity of nebulized and / or atomized substances injected into the rotating chemical reactor 1, i.e. into its internal chamber 10. In particular, this control on the quantity of nebulized and / or atomized substances injected may include a control on the relative quantity, i.e. the relative dosage of nebulized and / or atomized water and one or more nebulized and / or atomized chemical products. This control may be performed by means of a pressure sensor 3 arranged on the injector 4 and / or by means of a flow meter arranged on the supply lines 8, 8' of nebulized and / or atomized water and one or more nebulized and / or atomized chemical products.

[0056] In accordance with a preferred embodiment, one or more injectors 4 are used both for the injection of nebulized and / or atomized water and for the injection of said one or more nebulized and / or atomized chemical products. Therefore, said one or more injectors 4 can be operationally connected to a water supply duct 8, taken from a tank 9 (in liquid or vapor form) or to a chemical product supply duct 8' taken from a chemical product tank 9' (in liquid phase, for example). The tanks and supply ducts are preferably arranged outside the internal chamber 10 and are arranged, for example, on the (non-rotating) support structure. Eng. Antonio Leotta Register Prot. n.1253 BM ITALBREVETTI B1819

[0057] The injector 4 is preferably provided on the rotation axis X of the rotating container 11. Even more preferably the injector 4 is supported by the support structure and does not rotate relative to it, whereby rotary seals are arranged between the injector(s) 4 and the rotating container 11.

[0058] The above control over the quantity of nebulized and / or atomized substances injected into the rotating chemical reactor 1, i.e. into its internal chamber 10, can be performed after the injection phase, or the control over the quantity of nebulized and / or atomized substances can be performed by adjusting the flow rate and injection time of each substance individually or jointly, or with flow rate control instruments.

[0059] In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises the step of conditioning the rotating chemical vessel, and in particular the internal chamber 10, by means of a cavity conditioning circuit 13, using water at temperature for conditioning the rotating chemical reactor 1 and in particular in the wall of the rotating vessel 11. The conditioning circuit 13 preferably comprises a heater for regulating the temperature of the liquid water inside the circuit, for the purpose of heating the internal chamber 10, and may also comprise means for supplying cold water or diluting it with glycol for any cooling requirement.

[0060] The method may also comprise the step of visually inspecting the internal chamber 10 using a camera. This inspection step may be aimed at monitoring the path of the hides P inside the rotating container, as shown for example in figure 3. The camera is preferably provided in conjunction with a LED or other light source. Based on the path of the hides monitored thanks to the camera inspection step, the rotation speed V of the rotating container 11 can be adjusted. In particular, as the hides absorb the injected substances (water and one or more nebulized and / or atomized chemical products) they increase in weight and their trajectory, in the rotating container, tends to lower, therefore increasing the rotation speed allows the trajectory of the hides to be kept high. Eng. Antonio Leotta Register Prot. n.1253 BM ITALBREVETTI B1819

[0061] For example, according to one embodiment, water A is injected nebulized and / or atomized as osmotized water in vapor phase at a temperature belonging to the range 130°C-150°C, and the injected chemicals include both tannins and anilines which are injected at a temperature belonging to the range 30°C-65°C and oils and fats which are injected at a temperature belonging to the range 30°C-70°C. For example, tannins and anilines may be mixed with water (steam) before their simultaneous injection, and the oils and fats are subsequently injected.

[0062] The rotating chemical reactor, i.e. its internal chamber comprises both an inlet for nebulised and / or atomised water A and an outlet for nebulised and / or atomised water.

[0063] Thanks to the characteristics described above, provided separately or jointly with each other in particular embodiments, it is possible to respond to the required needs by obtaining the above-mentioned advantages, and in particular: - new technologies for leather processing are provided; - complete absence of liquid bath, i.e. no liquid water or liquid chemicals are introduced into the drum; - chemicals can be nebulized and / or atomized, with or without steam, with the possibility of atomizing even very viscous products; - The absorption of chemicals by the hides is optimized through nebulization / atomization. The process can be further improved thanks to the electrochemical effect obtained in the internal chamber 10 with a galvanic cell mounted on the outer diameter of the reactor. This galvanic cell produces an electric field that can optimize the absorption of chemicals within the hides P. - in particular, the milling mechanism with speed control, including via camera, is used to pass the hides through the spray mist of the rotating container; - the quantity of water required is significantly reduced, specifically its weight, which becomes comparable to the weight of the skins; - the consumption of chemical products is reduced by up to 30% compared to known chemical toilets; Eng. Antonio Leotta Register Prot. n.1253 BM ITALBREVETTI B1819 - the rotating chemical reactor can be made much lighter than traditional solutions since the contents of the rotating container are lighter, with the same processing; - the rotating chemical reactor can be made with injectors positioned on a side wall or on the internal blades, in which case the camera control allows the products to be injected only when there are no hides near the nozzle(s).

[0064] These and other advantages of the invention remain even in the presence of variants and embodiments of the invention other than those described above and shown in the attached figures that may be envisaged by a technician in the sector, remaining within the scope of protection defined by the claims that follow.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. Method of retanning and / or dyeing and / or fattening hides or similar in a rotating chemical reactor (1) for tanneries comprising the steps of: - loading the hides (P) into the rotating chemical reactor; - rotating the rotating chemical reactor; - carrying out one or more controls; characterised in that only if said one or more controls are successfully passed, the method further comprises the step of - injecting nebulised and / or atomised substances into the rotating chemical reactor, said substances comprising nebulised and / or atomised water (A) and one or more nebulised and / or atomised chemical products (C), and / or a nebulised and / or atomised mixture of water and one or more chemical products.

2. Method according to claim 1, comprising, before the loading step, the further step of controlling the humidity of the hides (P).

3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said one or more controls comprise control over the temperature and percentage dosage of the injected atomized and / or nebulized substances.

4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said one or more controls comprise at least one of: control of the humidity of the hides (P), control of the rotation speed of the rotating chemical reactor, control of the number of revolutions, control of the internal temperature of the rotating chemical reactor, control of the temperature of the nebulized and / or atomized substances to be injected, control of the relative humidity, control of the weight of the rotating chemical reactor, visual inspection with a camera, control of the dosage of nebulized and / or atomized substances.

5. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the injecting step involves simultaneously injecting said nebulized and / or atomized substances into the rotating chemical reactor, and in particular simultaneously injecting both nebulized and / or atomized water (A) and one or more nebulized and / or atomized chemical products (C); and / or wherein the injecting step is performed until an internal environment with a predetermined relative humidity content is created.

6. Method according to any of the preceding claims, comprising the step of heating the rotating chemical container by means of a conditioning circuit (13) with a cavity exchanger arranged on one or more walls of the rotating chemical container.

7. A method according to any preceding claim, further comprising the step of adjusting the rotation speed of the rotating chemical reactor based on information about the trajectory of the skins within the rotating chemical reactor acquired by a camera.

8. A method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the total quantity of nebulized and / or atomized water (A) and of said one or more nebulized and / or atomized chemicals (C) is, by weight, substantially equal to or less than the weight of the hides; and / or wherein the rotating chemical reactor is free of a chemical bath inside it.

9. A method according to any preceding claim, further comprising the steps of: - creating a galvanic cell with an electric field inside the rotating chemical reactor, and Ing. Antonio Leotta Albo Prot. n.1253 BM ITALBREVETTI B1819 - keeping the hides immersed in the electric field.

10. A method according to any preceding claim, comprising the steps of: - aspirating, for example periodically, the nebulized and / or atomized substances contained in the rotating container, - measuring the relative humidity and / or acidity (pH) of the aspirated substances to estimate the relative humidity and / or acidity of the rotating container; wherein, preferably, between the aspirating step and the measuring step, the further step of condensing the aspirated substances is provided.

11. A rotary chemical reactor apparatus (1) for processing hides or similar, said apparatus comprising: - a hatch (15) for loading hides (P) into the rotary chemical reactor and means for moving the hides (7); - a motor (2); - an electronic control system; - one or more sensors (3), in operational connection with the electronic control system; - one or more injectors (4), for injecting either nebulized and / or atomized water (A) or one or more atomized and / or nebulized chemical products (C) into the rotary chemical reactor; wherein the electronic control system is configured to acquire information from said one or more sensors (3) to drive, on the basis of the acquired information, said one or more injectors (4).

12. Apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said one or more sensors (3) comprise at least one video camera, and said electronic control system comprises an image recognition application; wherein, preferably Ing. Antonio Leotta Albo Prot. n.1253 BM ITALBREVETTI B1819 said one or more sensors (3) comprise at least one of the following: a speed sensor, a tachometer, a video camera, a temperature probe, a hygrometer, a load cell, a flow meter, a pressure sensor, a dosimeter; and / or wherein said apparatus further comprises a water conditioning circuit (13) arranged inside a wall of the rotating chemical container; and / or wherein the apparatus comprises a suction system for sucking up the nebulized and / or atomized substances contained in the rotating container; and / or wherein the apparatus is designed to perform the method according to any of claims 1 to 10.