Fixation of dye solutions in multicolor ceramic 3D inkjet printing.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing a dental restoration by jet printing, comprising the steps of jet printing (S101) one or more layers of the dental restoration using a ceramic slip; jet printing (S102) a coloring solution onto the one or more layers; and applying (S103) a fixing solution for fixing the fixing solution.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for producing a dental restoration by jet pressure and a manufacturing device for producing a dental restoration by jet pressure.

[0002] When manually coloring zirconium dioxide ceramic restorations, infiltration solutions containing nitrate salts are used for individual coloring. These are applied to the surface of the restoration using a brush, for example, and then diffuse into the porous ceramic. This application requires a high degree of experience on the part of the dental technician.

[0003] This coloring process for zirconium dioxide whites can be automated by infiltrating the restoration with a computer-controlled airbrush system. In additive manufacturing processes, variously colored, solvent-based ceramic slips can be selectively applied using inkjet. The processing of highly filled, ceramic slips places high demands on the print heads used in terms of particle size, fill level, and thus viscosity and abrasion. Jet printing (jetting) of aqueous slips represents an alternative to solvent-based slips. This process dries the jetted material layer without cracking.

[0004] However, during a manual infiltration process, the salt solutions diffuse uncontrollably into the zirconium dioxide white body. When layered material is applied in combination with layered, selective coloring of the previously applied ceramic layer, the previously deposited nitrate salts are dissolved again in the underlying layers and diffuse further uncontrollably into the already produced ceramic body.

[0005] It is the technical object of the present invention to prevent the uncontrolled diffusion or running of selectively applied nitrate salt solutions as dye solutions during a spatial layer build-up process.

[0006] This object is achieved by the subject matter according to the independent claims. Technically advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims, the description, and the drawings.

[0007] According to a first aspect, the technical problem is solved by a method for producing a dental restoration by jet printing, comprising the steps of jet printing one or more layers of the dental restoration using a ceramic slip; jet printing a coloring solution onto the one or more layers; and applying a fixing solution to fix the coloring solution. This prevents the uncontrolled diffusion or running of selectively applied nitrate salt solutions as a coloring solution during a layer build-up process. Controlled, selective coloring of the 3D-printed green body using coloring solutions is ensured during the additive manufacturing process. Selective material application of the slip and selective coloring are carried out separately. The same or different print heads can be used for material application and coloring.For example, the fixing solution prevents the diffusion of the dye solution on the aqueous slurry used to produce a multicolor green compact. This ensures, for example, controlled, selective coloring of the 3D-printed ZrO2 green compact using dye solutions during the additive manufacturing process.

[0008] In a technically advantageous embodiment of the method, the fixing solution is sprayed onto one or more layers. This achieves the technical advantage, for example, that the fixing solution can be applied quickly and over a large area.

[0009] In another technically advantageous embodiment of the method, the fixing solution is jet-printed onto the one or more layers using a print head. This achieves the technical advantage, for example, that the fixing solution can be applied selectively and with pinpoint accuracy.

[0010] In a further technically advantageous embodiment of the method, the one or more layers are dried before or after jet printing of the dye solution. This achieves, for example, the technical advantage of reducing diffusion of the dye solution.

[0011] In a further technically advantageous embodiment of the method, the one or more layers are dried before or after application of the fixing solution. This also achieves the technical advantage of reducing diffusion of the staining solution, for example.

[0012] In a further technically advantageous embodiment of the method, the pH of the fixing solution is greater than 7.

[0013] This achieves the technical advantage, for example, of effectively reducing the running of the dye solution.

[0014] In another technically advantageous embodiment of the method, the fixing solution is an ammonia-ammonium chloride solution. This achieves the technical advantage, for example, of locally fixing the staining solutions.

[0015] In another technically advantageous embodiment of the method, the steps for fabricating the dental restoration are repeated. This achieves the technical advantage, for example, that the entire dental restoration can be built up and colored.

[0016] In another technically advantageous embodiment of the method, the dental restoration is sintered in a sintering furnace. This achieves the technical advantage of producing a dental restoration with high strength.

[0017] According to a second aspect, the technical problem is solved by a manufacturing device for producing a dental restoration by jet printing, comprising a first print head for jet printing one or more layers of the dental restoration using a ceramic slurry; a second print head for jet printing a coloring solution onto the one or more layers; and an application device for applying a fixing solution to fix the coloring solution. The manufacturing device achieves the same technical advantages as the method according to the first aspect.

[0018] In a technically advantageous embodiment of the manufacturing device, the application device is formed by a spray head for the surface application of the fixing solution.

[0019] This provides the technical advantage, for example, that the fixing solution can be applied quickly and over a large area.

[0020] In a further technically advantageous embodiment of the manufacturing device, the application device is formed by a print head for selectively applying the fixing solution. This achieves, for example, the technical advantage that the fixing solution can be selectively applied with pinpoint accuracy.

[0021] In a further technically advantageous embodiment of the production device, the production device comprises a receptacle for the fixing solution. The receptacle can be replaceable. This achieves the technical advantage, for example, that the fixing solution can be stored and easily replaced.

[0022] In a further technically advantageous embodiment of the production device, the production device comprises a drying device for drying the applied materials, such as a slip layer, dye solution, or fixing solution. This achieves the technical advantage, for example, of reducing further diffusion.

[0023] In a further technically advantageous embodiment of the manufacturing device, the drying device comprises a fan and / or an infrared radiator. This achieves the technical advantage, for example, that the layers can be dried quickly.

[0024] Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are described in more detail below.

[0025] They show: Fig. 1 shows a representation of different areas of an incisor tooth; Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a dental restoration; Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a manufacturing device for manufacturing a dental restoration; Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of a method for manufacturing a dental restoration by jet printing; Fig. 5 shows a schematic view of another method for manufacturing a dental restoration by jet printing; Fig. 6 shows a table with the compositions of different coloring solutions; and Fig. 7 shows a block diagram of a method for manufacturing a dental restoration.

[0026] Fig. 1 shows a representation of different areas of a tooth 105. The tooth 105 comprises an inner dentin core 101 and an outer enamel 103. The opaque, i.e., non-transparent dentin core 101 is responsible for the basic coloring of the tooth 105. This shines through the enamel 103 of the incisal edge. The enamel 103 is naturally translucent. Translucency is the partial light transmission of a body. In order to make a dental restoration appear as natural as possible, this structure of the tooth 105 is also used in artificial dental restorations. For this purpose, materials with different optical properties are used in the fabrication of the dental restoration.

[0027] Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a dental restoration 100. The dental restoration 100 serves as a tooth replacement and is formed, for example, by a bridge, crown, full or partial denture. The dental restoration 100 is, for example, selectively built up layer by layer from 1-n different ceramic slips 109 using a jet printing process and, after layer by layer selective coloring using nitrate salts such as Fe2O3, Cr2O3, Mn2O3, Tb2O3, Pr2O3, Er2O3, Co3O4, NiO, TiO2, Ceo2 and / or doping using, for example, yttrium and a final sintering of the white part of the dental restoration 100 thus created, receives appropriate characterization with regard to color, translucency, opacity and mechanical properties.

[0028] The dental restoration 100 is constructed from successive layers that are printed one upon the other. The ceramic powders of the slips 109 can already be provided in predetermined translucencies. Mixing these slips 109 results in the desired translucency of the dental restoration 100 in the respective spatial area.

[0029] After selectively applying a layer of slip 109 using the jet printing process, this layer is dried crack-free by evaporating the water or solvent acting as a binder. What remains is a porous white layer with a thickness of 1 μm to 50 μm and a density of at least 2.5 g / cm3. This process is repeated until the entire dental restoration 100 has been spatially constructed layer by layer.

[0030] In the case of ZrO2 slurries 109, different yttrium-doped ceramic powders (3 mol% yttrium - 3Y-TZP, 4 mol% yttrium - 4Y-TZP, 5 mol% yttrium - 5Y-TZP) can be used to achieve different strengths. The yttrium doping also determines the degree of translucency. The different yttrium-doped ceramic powders exhibit different properties. 3 Y − TZP = niedrige Transluzenz / hohe Festigkeit 4 Y − TZP = mittlere Transluzenz / mittlere Festigkeit 5 Y − TZP = hohe Transluzenz / niedrige Festigkeit

[0031] However, if differently pre-colored slips 109 are used, each of which also has different translucency and / or mechanical properties, each of these slips 109 is assigned its own print head 111-1. For example, if a general CYMK color scheme is used to cover the entire color space, 3 x 4 = 12 slips 109 are contained in 12 print heads. The production of these different slips 109 is also complex. This large number of slips 109 are stored and maintained as different articles.

[0032] Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a manufacturing device 200 for producing a dental restoration 100 by jet printing (inkjet printing) of aqueous or solvent-based slips 109. In order to additively manufacture ceramic, dental multi-material and multi-color restorations 100 by means of jet printing, base slips 109 are processed.

[0033] The production device 200 comprises a plurality of receiving containers 119-1 in which the base slurries 109 with different optical properties are arranged. Furthermore, the production device 200 comprises at least several receiving containers 119-2 in which the dyeing solutions 107 are received. Additionally, the production device 200 comprises a receiving container 119-3 in which a fixing solution 115 is received.

[0034] The ceramic slurries 109 are each applied dropwise in several layers 117-1, ..., 117-n by means of an associated print head 111-1 in order to spatially build up the dental restoration 100 layer by layer. The print head 111-1 is movable in two directions, so that the slurry 109 can be printed at any position. The print head(s) can also be fixedly arranged, and the build platform moves in the three spatial directions below the print heads.

[0035] For selective material deposition, slurries with a drop volume of typically 10 to 100 pL are used, eliminating the time-consuming debinding process. Electrically controlled piezo elements, for example, are used to eject the droplets.

[0036] For the application of the dye solutions 107, another print head 111-2 is used, through which the dye solutions 107 can be jet-printed onto one or more layers 117-1, ..., 117-n. The print head 111-2 is also movable in two directions, so that the dye solutions 107 can be printed at any position. The print heads 111-1 and 111-2 can be independently controllable or integrated into a common print module. The print heads 111-1 and 111-2 can also be fixed, and the build platform moves in the three spatial directions below the print heads.

[0037] The fixing solution 115 is applied by a further application device 121, which can be formed by a spray head for applying the fixing solution 115 over the entire surface or by a further print head for selectively applying the fixing solution 115.

[0038] For drying the aqueous material, a drying device 123 is provided, with which the layers 117-1, ..., 117-n, the dyeing solution 107, and the fixing solution 115 can be dried without cracking. The drying device 123 is formed, for example, by a fan and / or an infrared radiator.

[0039] The manufacturing device 200 provides a reduced number of pre-colored and yttrium-doped neutral base slurries 109 to minimize the number of print heads 111-1 and 111-2 while still achieving an aesthetic and functional result of the dental restoration 100. Coloring is performed separately by selectively applying coloring solutions 107.

[0040] The desired tooth color is composed and mixed from the pre-colored coloring solutions 107. A subtractive color system is used that spans a limited dental color space (dental color gamut). The color mixing, the three-dimensional halftoning or dithering, of these pre-colored slurries 109 in various ratios is then created in the limited dental color space (gamut), which covers the common tooth colors, but not all colors.

[0041] Different dye solutions 107 are selectively applied to a layer 117-1, ..., 117-n using a 3D dithering algorithm executed by a dithering module 113. For this purpose, the dithering module 113 comprises a processor for executing the 3D dithering algorithm and a digital data storage for storing the calculated mixing ratios and the dithering algorithm. The processor comprises any hardware system, component, or mechanism that processes data, signals, or other information. A processor may comprise a system with a central processing unit (CPU), multiple data processing units (MPUs), dedicated electrical circuitry to achieve functionality, or other systems. The data storage may comprise hard disks, flash memory cards, random access memory (RAM), or read-only memory (ROM).

[0042] During dithering, the different coloring solutions are selectively applied in a specific ratio and two-dimensional print pattern in the printing plane using the jet printing process. The 3D dithering algorithm also calculates that different two-dimensional dithering patterns are applied one above the other in multiple layers 117-1, ..., 117-n. This prevents optical artifacts such as stripe or moiré patterns on vertical surfaces. The color mixing, the three-dimensional halftoning, or dithering of these pre-colored slips 109 in different ratios, occurs within the limited dental color space (gamut), which covers common tooth colors but not all general colors.

[0043] When using high-viscosity slurries 109 with a viscosity of more than 100 mPas and a high fill level, special requirements are placed on the print head 111-1 and its fluid system. The print head 111-1 is compatible with the binder and / or carrier material used for the slurry 109 to avoid incompatibilities and consequences such as corrosion on the print head.

[0044] After the selective application of a layer 117-1, ..., 117-n of the slip 109 using the jet printing process, this layer 117-1, ..., 117-n is dried crack-free by evaporating the water or solvent used as a binder. The ceramic powder of the slip 109 can already be colored in a color, for example, a base color or tooth color. What remains is a porous white layer with a layer thickness of 1 μm to 50 μm and a density of xx%. This process is repeated until the entire dental restoration 100 is spatially constructed layer by layer.

[0045] If two slurries 109 with different translucencies are available, the high-strength and opaque slurries 109 can be used for the dentin core, and the normal-strength and highly translucent slurries 109 can be used for the incisal edge. Selective coloring is performed after 1-n layers 117-1, ..., 117-n of material application by selective jet printing of coloring solutions, such as nitrate solutions (acids), according to a corresponding color coding or color information.

[0046] Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of a method for producing the dental restoration 100 by jet printing. In step S201, a layer-by-layer selective material application of a slurry 109 is first carried out using a jet printing method (inkjet method) for 1-n layers 117-1, ..., 117-n.

[0047] In step S202, the applied slip layer is dried, for example, by supplying warm air. In step S203, the 1 to n applied layers 117-1, ..., 117-n of the slip 109 (green body layers) are selectively colored using coloring solutions. The coloring solutions are also printed onto the 1 to n applied layers 117-1, ..., 117-n using jet printing. In step S204, the printed coloring solutions are locally fixed using a fixing solution, i.e., an alkaline solution with a pH value greater than 7 (lye). Subsequently, steps S201 to S204 are repeated until the dental restoration 100 is completely spatially constructed.

[0048] Either aqueous or solvent-based slips 109 can be processed for the process. Selective material application (step S201) and selective coloring (step S203) are performed separately. The process has the technical advantage that, for dried, i.e., water-free layers 117-1, ..., 117-n, the pH value of the coloring solution plays a negligible role.

[0049] Fig. 5 shows a schematic view of another method for producing the dental restoration 100 by jet printing. In step S301, a layer-by-layer selective material application of a basic slurry 109 is first carried out using a jet printing method (inkjet method) for 1-n layers.

[0050] The basic slip 109 has a pH value greater than 7. A typical basic slip 109 contains H2O and dispersing agents, such as 0 to 5 wt.%, preferably 0.01 to 5 wt.%, of carboxylic acid derivatives (citric acid) or 0 to 5 wt.%, of ammonium polyacrylic acid (NH4PAA), preferably 0.01 to 5 wt.%. The pH value (8-11) can be adjusted with NH4OH. The basic adjustment of the slip 109 has the advantage that the ceramic slip 109 is less aggressive in terms of corrosion towards the metal parts of the print head.

[0051] In step S302, the still wet and undried applied layers 117-1, ..., 117-n of the slurry 109 (green body layers) are selectively colored using the coloring solutions. A precipitation reaction occurs as soon as the nitrate acid (coloring solution) comes into contact with the wet slurry 109.

[0052] In step S303, the coloring solutions are automatically fixed by contact with the basic slip 109. In step S304, the wet-on-wet colored layers 117-1, ..., 117-n are dried crack-free, for example, by applying warm air. Subsequently, steps S301 to S304 are repeated until the dental restoration 100 is completely three-dimensionally constructed.

[0053] Either aqueous or solvent-based slurries 109 can be processed for the process. Selective material application (step S301) and selective coloring (step S302) are performed separately.

[0054] If no basic slip 109 is used, the dyeing solution 107 diffuses into the layers 117-1, ..., 117-n. The applied dyeing solution is fixed by separate application of the fixing solution, such as a lye.

[0055] During this process, the slip 109 is stabilized in the acidic pH range. After printing and drying the individual layers, a basic fixing solution, such as a 0.1N ammonium hydroxide solution, is first applied. The dye solution 107 is then applied. When the dye solution contacts the layer treated with the fixing solution, the pH of the dye solution is locally shifted toward pH>2. As the pH of the dye solution shifts, metal hydroxides, such as Fe(OH)3, are formed locally at the points where the dye solution is to be fixed. This process is called precipitation or flocculation.

[0056] After printing and drying the individual layers, the dyeing solution can be applied, followed immediately by the basic fixing solution, which in turn fixes the dyeing components in the desired position.

[0057] Fig. 6 shows a table with the compositions of different dye solutions 107. The dye solutions 107 are low-viscosity and can be jet-printed using either an inkjet printhead with DOD technology or bubble jet technology. This printhead can integrate multiple color channels for multi-color printing. The printhead can apply the dye solution to the layer 117-1, ..., 117-n at a high resolution of 720 dpi.

[0058] With six available printheads, only one printhead is used for medium-translucency slurry 109 and one printhead for support material. With seven available printheads, two printheads are used for one opaque slurry 109 and one high-translucency slurry 109, and one printhead is used for support material. The other four printheads are used for the dye solutions 107.

[0059] The staining solutions are aqueous-based nitrate salt or chloride salt solutions. For this purpose, various metal salts are used (e.g. Fe(NO3)3*9 H2O; Pr(NO3)3*6 H2O; Tb(NO3)3*5 H2O; Er(NO3)3*5 H2O; Mn(NO3)2*4 H2O; Co(NO3)2*6 H2O; Cr(NO3)3*9 H2O; Mg(NO3)2*6 H2O; Al(NO3)3*9 H2O; Cu (NO3) 2*3 H2O; ZN (NO3) 2*6 H2O; Y (NO3) 3*6 H2O; LA (NO3) 3*6 H2O; CE (NO3) 3*6 H2O; ND (NO3) 3*6 H2O; SM (NO3) 3*6 H2O; GD (NO3) 3*6 H2O; YB (NO3) 3*6 H2O); Ni(NO3)2* 6H2O; Co(NO3)2 *6H2O; Ga(NO3)3* xH2O; In(NO3)3 xH2O, dissolved in different concentrations.

[0060] However, depending on the desired composition, the staining solutions 107 can also be significantly more concentrated. However, increasing the ion concentration results in an increase in viscosity or a shift in the pH value to the acidic range (<7).

[0061] Fig. 7shows a block diagram of a method for producing a dental restoration 100 by jet printing. In step S101, the layers 117-1, ..., 117-n of the dental restoration 100 are jet printed using the ceramic slip 109. In step S102, the coloring solution 107 is jet printed onto the one or more layers 117-1, ..., 117-n. Subsequently, in step S103, the fixing solution 115 is applied to fix the fixing solution 107. These steps are repeated until the dental restoration 100 is completely constructed.

[0062] If the coloring solution 107 is jet-printed into the previously dried layer 117-1, ..., 117-n and then moist slip is applied to the previously dried and colored layer 117-1, ..., 117-n, it may happen that the coloring solution 107 is dissolved again and diffuses uncontrollably into the already constructed dental restoration 100. When jet-printing the coloring solution 107 onto the dried layer 117-1, ..., 117-n, care must be taken to ensure that the penetration depth of the coloring solution 107 is controllable. For example, if the infiltration depth is greater than one layer thickness, coloring can only take place after multiple layers of the slip 109 have been applied.

[0063] By applying the fixing solution 115, the staining solution 107 is locally fixed, preventing uncontrolled diffusion or mixing due to precipitation of the hydroxides. This can be achieved by applying a basic fixing solution 115, such as an ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer solution, over a large area or selectively to shift the pH. The ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer solution, for example, comprises 987.8 g of water, 6.8 g of 25% ammonia, and 5.4 g of ammonium chloride.

[0064] A single slurry 109 with a base color and a medium translucency can be used for the additive material application of the dental restoration 100. The selective coloring of the slurry 109 is achieved by jet printing (jetting) the coloring solutions, which are then fixed.

[0065] Different printhead technologies can be used because the slurry 109 and the dye solution 107 have different rheological properties. The slurry 109 is highly viscous (10–1000 mPas, depending on the shear rate) and contains a high weight / volume fraction of an abrasive filler in the form of ceramic particles. A low viscosity of the slurry 109 between 10–500 mPas is advantageous, and a viscosity between 10–100 mPas is even more advantageous. The higher the viscosity of the slurry 109, the more difficult it is to process using inkjet printheads. Furthermore, the printhead should be capable of jetting aqueous media.

[0066] Dyeing solution 107, on the other hand, has a low viscosity (0.5 - 50 mPas). Since these are highly concentrated nitrate solutions, the print head used should be nitrate-resistant. Furthermore, the processed volumes vary, with a ratio of approximately 98% for slurry 109 and 2% for dyeing solution 107. The selective application of dyeing solutions 107 can also be achieved using a multi-channel print head 111-2.

[0067] The penetration or diffusion depth of the staining solution 107 can also be controlled by adjusting the viscosity. This is achieved by adding a suitable thickener to the staining solution 107 that is stable within the pH range of the staining solution, such as polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP).

[0068] The majority of the volume is processed via the slurry 109, whereas a smaller volume is processed via the dyeing solution 107. The dyeing solution 107 and the slurry 109 can be stored in differently sized receiving containers 119-1 and 119-2.

[0069] The fully constructed dental restoration 100 is then sintered in a sintering furnace. The slurries 109 and the coloring solutions 107 can be adjusted to achieve uniform sintering behavior. The sintering kinetics can be adjusted to be homogeneous by adjusting the individual coloring solutions 107. The sintering activators are "neutralized" by using or adding sintering inhibitors.

[0070] For the selective coloring process, nitrate solutions can be used as coloring solution 107, regardless of whether the slips 109 are already pre-colored or the coloring is carried out exclusively by the layer-by-layer selective application of the coloring solutions 107 during the additive, layer-by-layer manufacturing process.

[0071] Additionally, the opacity of the slurry 109 of the dental restoration 100 can be adjusted by varying the yttrium or ytterbium components in the coloring liquid. For example, the elements yttrium, ytterbium, neodymium, and europium are used as translucency enhancers, and aluminum and silicon are used as opaque liquids. The yttrium content can be increased with a suitable coloring solution. This allows different opacity values ​​to be achieved in the dental restoration 100, such as opaque for the dentin core and translucent for the incisal area.

[0072] All features explained and shown in connection with individual embodiments of the invention can be provided in different combinations in the subject matter according to the invention in order to simultaneously realize their advantageous effects.

[0073] All method steps can be implemented by devices suitable for performing the respective method step. All functions performed by physical features can be a method step of a method.

[0074] The scope of the present invention is given by the claims and is not limited by the features explained in the description or shown in the figures. LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

[0075] 100Dental restoration 101Dentin core 103Enamel 105Tooth 107Staining solution 109Slip 111Print head 113Dithering module 115Fixing solution 117Layer 119Receiving container 121Applicator 123Drying device

Claims

1. A method for producing a dental restoration (100) by jet printing, comprising the steps of: - jet printing (S101) one or more layers (117-1, ..., 117-n) of the dental restoration (100) using a ceramic slip (109); - jet printing (S102) a coloring solution (107) onto the one or more layers (117-1, ..., 117-n); and - applying (S103) a fixing solution (115) for fixing the fixing solution (107).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fixing solution (115) is sprayed onto the one or more layers (117-1, ..., 117-n).

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fixing solution (115) is jet printed onto the one or more layers (117-1, ..., 117-n) by means of a print head (111).

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more layers (117-1, ..., 117-n) are dried before or after jet printing of the dyeing solution (107).

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more layers (117-1, ..., 117-n) are dried before or after the application of the fixing solution (115).

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a pH of the fixing solution (115) is greater than 7.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fixing solution (115) is an ammonia-ammonium chloride solution.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the steps (S101, ..., S103) for producing the dental restoration (100) are repeated.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the dental restoration (100) is sintered in a sintering furnace.

10. A manufacturing device (200) for producing a dental restoration (100) by jet printing, comprising: - a first print head (111-1) for jet printing one or more layers (117-1, ..., 117-n) of the dental restoration (100) using a ceramic slip (109); and - a second print head (111-2) for jet printing a dyeing solution (107) onto the one or more layers (117-1, ..., 117 n); and - an application device (121) for applying a fixing solution (115) for fixing the dyeing solution (107).

11. The manufacturing apparatus (200) according to claim 10, wherein the application device (121) is formed by a spray head for applying the fixing solution (115) over the surface.

12. The manufacturing apparatus (200) according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the application device (121) is formed by a print head (111) for selectively applying the fixing solution (115).

13. The manufacturing apparatus (200) according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the manufacturing apparatus (200) comprises a receiving container (119-3) for the fixing solution (115).

14. The manufacturing apparatus (200) according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the manufacturing apparatus (200) comprises a drying device (123) for drying the applied materials.

15. Manufacturing device (200) according to one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the drying device (123) comprises a fan and / or an infrared radiator.