CONTROL GROUP, ESPECIALLY FOR MOTOR VEHICLES.

Description

Description of the invention entitled: "CONTROL GROUP, ESPECIALLY FOR MOTOR VEHICLES." on behalf of: Dr.Ing.hc F. PORSCHE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT Porschestrasse 42 - Stuttgart Zuffenhausen (Germany) of German nationality and elected domiciled in Milan, via Dogana 1, at the office of the Patent Office agent ING. C. GREGORJ. ! Deposited on n° 3 0 9 7 1 A / 78 tC tu The present invention relates to a control unit, in particular for motor vehicles, which comprises an internal combustion engine and an exhaust gas turbine unit having a i! : exhaust gas turbine hit by the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine. In research carried out on the energy balance in a motor vehicle, it was found that in a water-cooled internal combustion engine of the Otte type, an energy distribution was established in which approximately 35% of the energy supplied by the internal combustion engine via the fuel is lost through exhaust gases, approximately 20% through the cooling water and approximately 20% through heat radiation, so that only 10% of the energy is active on the crankshaft. I ì » 25% of the usable work of the internal combustion engine (figure 1, mar- j ί technical manual (Bosch Automotive Engine, 18th Ed.) It follows that a significant portion of the fuel's energy losses occur solely through the exhaust gases. This exhaust-dependent loss consists, in this case, of kinetic energy (exhaust gas exit velocity) on the one hand and thermal energy (high exhaust gas temperatures) on the other. It is known that due to the technically determined or conditioned incomplete expansion in internal combustion engines with reciprocating or reciprocating pistons, a part of the theoretically obtainable power is lost. This power; i : loss is included depending on the state of funj ΐ operation of the internal combustion engine between the The 20% and 40% of the indicated power L i (figure 2), ì There are known processes that make some of this energy usable again. The most common application is turbocharging with an exhaust gas compressor. In this case, the exhaust gases drive an exhaust gas turbine arranged together with a charge compressor on a shaft. The charge compressor takes in fresh air and passes this compressed air into the internal combustion engine. Further ! , processes are represented by the so-called composite systems, in which the power obtainable by means of the solar gas turbine is re-coupled I ' ί partly re-placed on the drive shaft ! of the internal combustion engine, contributing co-! yes to improving the efficiency of the combustion engine | I i internal combustion. However, the thermal energy of the exhaust gases remains unused in both processes. * ι It is known, on the other hand, to take into con-! ji « ι siderazione the thermal energy of exhaust gas ) ι ; | for heating purposes (German patent no. 873*46l) ί and for the production of steam (German patent no. I.157.43O). The exhaust gases form a heat source or distributor that can be easily exploited and are used for heating purposes outside the operating range of the internal combustion engine. This use of energy; However, the thermal power has no influence on the actual performance of the internal combustion engine. The steam produced from the thermal energy of the exhaust gases can be used for steam turbines or steam engines, but it remains equally without influence on the actual power of the internal combustion engine. The aim of the invention is to create a control unit, in particular for motor vehicles, in which the amount of energy and types of energy contained in the exhaust gases are used in such a way that the effective efficiency of the internal combustion engine is significantly increased compared to known control units. According to the invention, this problem is solved by utilizing, in addition to the kinetic energy, the thermal energy of the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine through a superimposed thermal process in the exhaust gas turbine of the exhaust gas turbine unit. This unit comprises a compressor, a secondary turbine, and an exhaust gas turbine, the blades of the exhaust gas turbine being hollow blades through which the expanding operating medium passes, releasing energy into the turbine. -5 na secondary . By exploiting the kinetic energy of the exhaust gases directly through the turbine! exhaust gases and with the use of energy^ I ; thermal energy of the exhaust gases indirectly by the exhaust gas turbine, in which this acts! the I sce as a heat exchanger by heating the medium-| i In the working or operating range, a significant recovery of power can be achieved in the exhaust gas turbine unit. This power can then be fed directly back into the internal combustion engine or, for example, a generator can be driven using this power, whose electrical energy can then be used to discharge the internal combustion engine for various purposes, such as controlling ancillary units or for heating systems. Furthermore, by exploiting the According to the invention, the thermal energy of the exhaust gases is converted by heat exchange between the exhaust gas turbine and the compressed medium. The exhaust gas turbine unit is exposed to only small thermal loads. The operating medium may be formed according to the invention by air, water vapor, or the like, and the secondary turbine may be a single- or multi-stage axial or radial turbine. It has proven particularly advantageous for the exhaust gas turbine unit to be designed as an integrated component. The exhaust gas turbine unit thus has a small and compact construction volume, which is particularly advantageous in automobiles due to the small construction space. L ! ; existing. . j The drawings represent a part of the state of the art as well as the invention in two exemplary embodiments, namely: Figure 1 shows the energy distribution of the energy balance of a water-cooled Otto type internal combustion engine, Figure 2 illustrates the utilization of the kinetic energy of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine based on a PV diagram, Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of the control unit based on a block diagram, Figure 4 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 5 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 6 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 7 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 8 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 9 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 10 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 11 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 12 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 13 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 14 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 15 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 16 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 17 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 18 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 19 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 20 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 21 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 22 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 23 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 24 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 25 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 26 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 27 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 28 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 29 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 30 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, Figure 31 illustrates the exhaust gas turbine unit in the integrated design, ; Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the exhaust gas turbine unit, and Figure 6 is a section taken along the line VI-VI of Figure 5 of the exhaust gas turbine unit. In the example of the realization of the inven! ! tion represented by a block diagram in j ! figure 3, with 1 indicating an internal combustion engine and with 2 an exhaust gas turbine driven by the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine 1, which is arranged together with a compressor 3 and a secondary turbine 4 - the latter can be formed by an axial or radial turbine with one or more stages - on a shaft 5. The turbine! ί • na exhaust gas 2, the compressor 3 θ the turbine THE The secondary ns 4 are in active connection with a heat exchanger 6 and together with this form an exhaust gas turbine unit 7. An exhaust gas duct, leading from the internal combustion engine 1 to the exhaust gas turbine 2, is designated 8, and a gas duct of[ ι exhaust, which leads from the exhaust gas turbine [ to the heat exchanger 6, is indicated by 9. The· i compressor 3 conveys through a duct of * l· ( suction 10 a medium, which is made to flow from this through an air duct 11 to: the exchanger 6. As regards the medium with flow, it can be air, water vapour jo similar, below starting from the fact that the The aspirated medium consists of air. The exhaust gases and the compressed air are guided through the heat exchanger 6 and from there the air is passed through a duct 12 to the secondary turbine 4 and from there through an air duct 13 to an exhaust gas duct 14. I ί The principle operation of the invention is as follows: After starting the internal combustion engine 1, its exhaust gases drive the turbine The exhaust gas inlet 2 controls the compressor 3. The air sucked in and compressed by the compressor 3 is made to flow through its duct! | to 11 the exhaust gases through the relevant duct 9 to the heat exchanger 6. In the heat exchanger 6 a heat exchange takes place between the hot exhaust gases and the compressed air. ί sa. The heated air in the heat exchanger reaches the secondary turbine 4 through the relevant duct 12, there it expands, releasing energy, and is then passed from the latter through the air duct 13 to the duct 14 of the. } exhaust gas, through which the air and gases The exhaust gases are vented into the atmosphere. In figures 4 to 6, the object of the invention is represented in a construction system i integrated. In this case, a gas turbine of ì ; exhaust 15, a compressor 16 and a turbine seconϊ -i | , air 17 are arranged together in a casing 19 [ ì flanged to an internal combustion engine 18 and together form an exhaust gas turbine unit 20. The exhaust gas turbine unit comprises a central tube 21 integral with the blades I ì shaped hollows of the exhaust gas turbine, ; to the compressor 16 and to the secondary turbine 17 θ . rotatably mounted in the casing 19. Exhaust gas inlet ports provided in the casing 19 are indicated by 23 and openings made in the central tube 21 by 24. The front walls 25 and 26 of the casing 19 form the connection points. j support for the central tube 21, the front wall 26 having openings 27 within the pa i ι read 22 of the turbine. The left side 28 ì : ι of the compressor 16 has an opening 29 for the a i ί the I inspiration of air and the opposite side of the in- : The casing 19 has an opening 30 for the exhaust gas discharge. The power generated by the secondary turbine 17 and the exhaust gas turbine 15 can be fed directly to the internal combustion engine via a power take-off 31 to control secondary units or, for example, to the pio can be used to control a ge- ii The blacker. i ι ι The operation of the example of realization-; The embodiment of the invention in accordance with Figures 4 to 6 is as follows: after starting the internal combustion engine 18, its exhaust gases are made to flow through the exhaust gas nozzles 23 of the exhaust gas turbine 15 to drive the same. The exhaust gas turbine 15 drives; THE I na the compressor 16, the latter sucks in air and ! I convey this last tablet through the pa' I ' > 22 of the turbine to the secondary turbine 17* ι , As the air passes through the turbine panels 22 hit by the hot exhaust gases, a heat exchange occurs between these and the air, the compressed air being heated. This air expands in the secondary turbine, releasing energy, thereby significantly increasing the potential or performance capacity of the exhaust gas turbine unit. i ΐ In a further example of implementation - 11 / .Ον , of the invention, the air sucked in by the compressor can be pre-compressed. THE

Claims

1. CLAIMS 1. Drive unit, in particular for motor vehicles, comprising an internal combustion engine and an exhaust gas turbine unit having an exhaust gas turbine struck by the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine, characterised in that in addition to the kinetic energy, the thermal energy of the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine (1, 18) is also used by the exhaust gas turbine unit (7, 20) by means of a superimposed thermal process, at the operating point in the exhaust gas turbine (2, 15).

2. A control unit according to claim 1, characterised in that the exhaust gas turbine unit (7, j ; 20) comprises: a compressor ( 3, 16), a secondary turbine (4, 17) and an exhaust gas turbine (2, 15), the blades j ι I (22) of the exhaust gas turbine (15) being j ι formed by hollow blades traversed by the compressed operating medium of the compressor (16) and which expands in the secondary turbine (17) with the release of energy. i - 12 j 3. A control unit according to claim 2, characterised in that the operating medium is made of air.

4. Control unit according to claim 2, characterised in that the operating means consists of steam or the like.

5. Control unit according to claim 2, characterised in that the secondary turbine (4, 17) is formed by an axial turbine or by a radial turbine with one or more stages 6. Control unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust gas turbine unit (20) is designed as an integrated construction part. erevett ___-, TAVJ n qÌ.c6 / 00 ef 0 Lq~50V-Q c.td'Vbo οΛ piston btn / oeo ole(. imotoze, uti dilati Ce j vit'oG beco a, m & no Ve tto~ OFFICIO \PREVETTI lnq\C 0 9 i . A / 78 TAV. E 0 9 7 1 A / 78 TAV* / UFfrfQlO Vjftt-VETTI ί' Λο ογγ"'''', ςκ X 0 9 7 1 A / η TAV. t,