Liquid crystal medium

Abstract

To provide a liquid crystal medium.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to liquid-crystal (LC) media as defined in Claim 1, their uses for optical, electrooptic, and electronic purposes, particularly in LC displays, and LC displays including the LC media. The present invention particularly relates to LC media with improved response time enabling energy-saving displays.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to liquid crystal (LC) media and their use for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays. [Background technology]

[0002] One of the liquid-crystal display (LCD) modes currently in use is the TN ("twisted nematic") mode. However, TN LCDs have the disadvantage that their contrast is strongly dependent on the viewing angle.

[0003] In addition, so-called VA ("vertically aligned") displays are known which have wider viewing angles. The LC cell of a VA display comprises a layer of an LC medium between two transparent electrodes, where the LC medium usually has a negative dielectric anisotropy. In the switched-off state the molecules of the LC layer are aligned perpendicular to the electrode surfaces (homeotropic) or have a tilted homeotropic alignment. Upon application of a voltage to the two electrodes a reorientation of the LC molecules occurs parallel to the electrode surfaces.

[0004] Also known are so-called IPS ("in-plane switching") displays which have an LC layer between two substrates, in which two electrodes are arranged on only one of the two substrates, preferably with an interdigitated comb-like structure. When a voltage is applied to the electrodes, this creates an electric field between the electrodes which has a significant component parallel to the LC layer. This leads to a reorientation of the LC molecules in the layer plane.

[0005] Furthermore, so-called FFS ("fringe-field switching") displays have been reported (see in particular SH Jung et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 43, No. 3, 2004, p. 1028), which have two electrodes on the same substrate, one of which is comb-structured and the other unstructured. This results in strong so-called "fringe fields", i.e. a strong electric field close to the electrode edges, which leads across the cell to an electric field with both a strong vertical component and a strong horizontal component. FFS displays have a low viewing angle dependence of the contrast. FFS displays usually contain an LC medium with positive dielectric anisotropy and an alignment layer, usually a polyimide alignment layer, which provides a planar alignment for the molecules of the LC medium.

[0006] FFS displays can be operated as active matrix displays or passive matrix displays, where in the case of active matrix displays, individual pixels are usually addressed by integrated non-linear active elements, such as transistors (e.g. thin film transistors ("TFTs")), whereas in the case of passive matrix displays, individual pixels are usually addressed by multiplexing methods known from the prior art.

[0007] Further disclosed are FFS displays with electrode designs and layer thicknesses similar to those of FFS displays, but with LC medium layers with negative dielectric anisotropy instead of LC medium layers with positive dielectric anisotropy (see, for example, S.H. Lee et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. vol. 73 (no. 20), 1998, pp. 2882-2883 (Non-Patent Document 2) and S.H. Lee et al., Liquid Crystals vol. 39 (no. 9), 2012, pp. 1141-1148 (Non-Patent Document 3)). LC media with negative dielectric anisotropy exhibit a more favorable director alignment with less tilt and a higher twist alignment than LC media with positive dielectric anisotropy, and as a result these displays have higher transparency. The displays further comprise an alignment layer, preferably a polyimide alignment layer provided on at least one of the substrates, which is in contact with the LC medium and induces a planar alignment of the LC molecules of the LC medium. These displays are also known as "Ultra Brightness FFS" mode displays. These displays require a highly reliable LC medium.

[0008] In more recent types of VA displays, the uniform alignment of the LC molecules is restricted to relatively small domains within the LC cell. Disclinations may exist between these domains, also known as tilt domains. VA displays with tilt domains have larger contrast-independent viewing angles and grey levels compared to conventional VA displays. In addition, this type of display is easier to manufacture, and further treatment of the electrode surface, for example by rubbing, to achieve a uniform alignment of the molecules in the switched-on state is no longer necessary. Instead, the preferred direction of the tilt or pretilt angle is controlled by a special design of the electrodes.

[0009] In so-called MVA ("multidomain vertical alignment") displays, this is usually achieved by electrodes with protrusions, which cause a local pretilt. As a result, the LC molecules are aligned parallel to the electrode surface in different directions and in different defined areas of the cell when a voltage is applied. This achieves a "controlled" switch and prevents the formation of interfering disclination lines. This arrangement improves the viewing angle of the display, but results in a lower transparency to light. A further development of MVA uses protrusions only on one electrode side, while the opposite electrode has slits, which improves the transparency to light. The slit electrodes generate a non-uniform electric field in the LC cell when a voltage is applied, which means that controlled switching is still achieved. To further improve the transparency to light, the distance between the slits and the protrusions can be increased, but this in turn results in a longer response time. In so-called PVA ("patterned VA") displays, the protrusions are fully redundant in that both electrodes are structured with slits on the opposite side, which results in increased contrast and improved transmission to light, but is technically difficult and makes the display more sensitive to mechanical influences (such as "tapping"). However, for many applications, such as monitors and especially television screens, shorter response times and improvements in the contrast and brightness (transmission) of the displays are required.

[0010] Further developments are the so-called PS ("polymer sustained") or PSA ("polymer sustained alignment") type displays, for which the term "polymer stabilised" is sometimes also used. In these displays, small amounts (e.g. 0.3% by weight, typically less than 1% by mass) of one or more polymerisable compound(s), preferably polymerisable monomeric compound(s), are added to the LC medium and polymerised or crosslinked in situ after filling the LC medium into the display, usually by UV photopolymerisation, optionally with the application of a voltage to the electrodes of the display. The polymerisation is carried out at a temperature at which the LC medium exhibits a liquid crystal phase, usually at room temperature. The addition of polymerisable mesogens or liquid crystal compounds, also known as reactive mesogens or "RMs", to the LC mixture has proven to be particularly suitable.

[0011] On the other hand, the PS(A) principle is used in various conventional LC display modes. Thus, for example, PS-VA, PS-OCB, PS-IPS, PS-FFS, PS-UB-FFS and PS-TN displays are known. Polymerization of the RM is preferably carried out with applied voltage in the case of PS-VA and PS-OCB displays, and with or without applied voltage, preferably without applied charge, in the case of PS-IPS displays. As can be demonstrated in test cells, the PS(A) method results in a pretilt in the cell. In the case of PS-VA displays, the pretilt has a positive effect on the response time. For PS-VA displays, standard MVA or PVA pixel and electrode layouts can be used. In addition, however, it is also possible to make do without protrusions, for example with only one structured electrode side, which significantly simplifies the production and at the same time results in a very good contrast and at the same time a very good transparency for light.

[0012] PS-VA displays are described, for example, in EP 1170626 (Patent Document 1), U.S. Patent No. 6,861,107 (Patent Document 2), U.S. Patent No. 7,169,449 (Patent Document 3), U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004 / 0191428 (Patent Document 4), U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 0066793 (Patent Document 5) and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 0103804 (Patent Document 6). PS-OCB displays are described, for example, in T.-J-Chen et al., Jpn.J.Appl.Phys., Vol. 45, 2006, pp. 2702-2704 (Non-Patent Document 4) and SH Kim, L.-C-Chien, Jpn.J.Appl.Phys., Vol. 43, 2004, pp. 7643-7647 (Non-Patent Document 5). PS-IPS displays are described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 6,177,972 (Patent Document 7) and Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, Vol. 75 (No. 21), p. 3264 (Non-Patent Document 6). PS-TN displays are described, for example, in Optics Express 2004, Vol. 12 (No. 7), p. 1221 (Non-Patent Document 7).

[0013] PSA displays typically have an alignment layer on one or both of the substrates forming the display cell below the layer formed by the phase separated and polymerized RM inducing the pretilt angle mentioned above, which provides an initial alignment of the LC molecules before the polymer stabilization step. The alignment layer is usually applied on top of an electrode (if such an electrode is present) so as to be in contact with the LC medium and induce an initial alignment of the LC molecules. The alignment layer may for example comprise or consist of polyimide and may be rubbed or prepared by photoalignment methods.

[0014] Like the conventional LC displays described above, PSA displays can be operated as active matrix displays or passive matrix displays. In the case of active matrix displays, the individual pixels are typically addressed by integrated nonlinear active elements, such as transistors (e.g. thin film transistors ("TFTs")), whereas in the case of passive matrix displays, the individual pixels are typically addressed by multiplexing methods as known from the prior art.

[0015] Especially for monitor and especially television applications, there is a continuing demand for optimization of the response time but also the contrast and brightness (and therefore also the transmission) of LC displays. Here, the PSA method can offer significant advantages: especially for PS-VA, PS-IPS and PS-FFS displays, a reduction in the response time, which correlates with the pretilt measurable in test cells, can be achieved without significant adverse effects on other parameters.

[0016] Another problem observed in the prior art is that the use of conventional LC media in LC displays, including but not limited to PSA type displays, often results in mura in the display, especially when the LC media is filled into display cells manufactured using the one drop filling (ODF) method. This phenomenon is also known as "ODF mura". It is therefore desirable to provide an LC medium that leads to reduced ODF mura.

[0017] Another problem observed in the prior art is that LC media for use in PSA displays, including but not limited to PSA type displays, often exhibit high viscosity and, as a result, high switching times. To reduce the viscosity and switching time of the LC medium, it has been suggested in the prior art to add LC compounds with alkenyl groups. However, it has been observed that LC media containing alkenyl compounds often exhibit reduced reliability and stability as well as reduced VHR, especially after exposure to UV radiation. In particular, since the photopolymerization of RM in PSA displays is usually carried out by exposure to UV radiation, this can cause a reduction in the VHR in the LC medium, which is quite disadvantageous for use in PSA displays.

[0018] There is a great demand for displays with high transmittance, especially in terms of mobile devices, which allows the use of lower intensity backlights, thus leading to longer battery life and thus more sustainable products, or higher brightness displays with improved contrast, especially under ambient light, can be achieved.

[0019] In addition, there is a great demand for PSA displays, and LC media and polymerizable compounds for use in such PSA displays, which enable a large operating temperature range as well as high resistivity, short response times even at low temperatures, and low threshold voltages, low pretilt angles, a large number of grey levels, high contrast and wide viewing angles, high reliability and high values ​​for VHR after UV exposure, and in the case of polymerizable compounds, low melting points and high solubility in LC host mixtures. For PSA displays for mobile applications, it is particularly desirable to have available LC media exhibiting low threshold voltages and high birefringence.

[0020] One of the trends in displays is to achieve the fastest possible response times to obtain the best video quality. In this respect, media with negative dielectric anisotropy are at an inherent disadvantage compared to LC media with positive dielectric anisotropy. On the other hand, mixtures with negative dielectric anisotropy allow higher transmittance in standard FFS cell layouts, and their use therefore has a positive impact on power consumption and the environment. In the art, there is a need to achieve both fast response times and high transmittance. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0021] [Patent Document 1] European Patent Application Publication No. 1170626 [Patent Document 2] U.S. Patent No. 6,861,107 [Patent Document 3] U.S. Patent No. 7,169,449 [Patent Document 4] US Patent Application Publication No. 2004 / 0191428 [Patent Document 5] US Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 0066793 [Patent Document 6] US Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 0103804 [Patent Document 7] U.S. Patent No. 6,177,972 [Non-patent literature]

[0022] [Non-Patent Document 1] SHJung et al., Jpn.J.Appl.Phys., Volume 43, No. 3, 2004, Page 1028 [Non-Patent Document 2] SHLee et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. Vol. 73 (No. 20), 1998, pp. 2882-2883 [Non-Patent Document 3] SHLee et al., Liquid Crystals Volume 39 (No. 9), 2012, pp. 1141-1148 [Non-Patent Document 4] T.-J-Chen et al., Jpn.J.Appl.Phys. Vol. 45, 2006, pp. 2702-2704 [Non-Patent Document 5] SHKim, L.-C-Chien, Jpn.J.Appl.Phys. Volume 43, 2004, pp. 7643-7647 [Non-Patent Document 6] Appl.Phys.Lett.1999, Volume 75 (No. 21), Page 3264 [Non-Patent Document 7] Optics Express 2004, Volume 12 (No. 7), Page 1221 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0023] There is therefore still a great demand for VA, FFS or PSA displays and LC media, optionally comprising polymerizable compounds, for use in VA, FFS or PSA displays which do not exhibit the above-mentioned disadvantages or which exhibit them to a lesser extent and which have improved properties.

[0024] The present invention is based on the object of providing new suitable LC media which do not have the disadvantages indicated above or have them to a reduced extent. [Means for solving the problem]

[0025] Surprisingly, it has been found that by using liquid-crystalline media comprising one or more compounds of formula I as defined below, liquid-crystalline media can be realized which do not exhibit the disadvantages of the prior art materials or at least exhibit them to a significantly lesser extent and which have a suitably high negative Δε, a suitable phase range and Δn as well as a high LTS.

[0026] The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium comprising a) one or more compounds of the formula I and b) one or more compounds selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and IID.

[0027] [ka]

[0028] During the ceremony, R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and represent H, linear alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 15 C atoms, linear alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 15 C atoms, or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 3 to 15 C atoms, provided that one or more CH2 groups in these groups are not directly linked to O atoms, [ka] each independently being replaced by -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen; Z 1 represents -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CHO-, -OCH2-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -C2H4-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C- or a single bond, preferably -CHO-, -C2H4- or a single bond, very preferably a single bond, L 1 and L 2 each independently of one another is F, Cl, CF3 or CHF2, preferably F or Cl, very preferably F, Y represents H, F, Cl, CF3, CHF2 or CH3, preferably H or CH3, very preferably H. [ka]

[0029] During the ceremony, R 2A , R 2B , R 2C and R 2D are the same or different and represent H, linear alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 15 C atoms, linear alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 15 C atoms, or branched alkyl or alkoxy or alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 3 to 15 C atoms, provided that one or more CH2 groups in these groups are not directly linked to O atoms, [ka] each independently being replaced by -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen; L 1 , L 2 , L 3 and L 4 each independently of one another is F, Cl, CF3 or CHF2, preferably F or Cl, very preferably F, Y represents H, F, Cl, CF3, CHF2 or CH3, preferably H or CH3, very preferably H, Z 2 , Z 2B and Z 2D represent each independently of one another a single bond, -CHCH-, -CH=CH-, -CFO-, -OCF-, -CHO-, -OCH-, -COO-, -OCO-, -CF-, -CF=CF- or -CH=CHCHO-, preferably -CFO-, -OCF-, -CHO-, -OCH-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C- or a single bond, more preferably -CHO-, -CH- or a single bond, very preferably a single bond, p represents 0, 1 or 2; q represents 0 or 1, and v represents an integer of 1 to 6.

[0030] The present invention further relates to a method for preparing an LC medium as described above and below, comprising the step of mixing one or more compounds of formula I with one or more compounds of formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and / or IID, optionally with one or more chiral dopants, optionally with one or more polymerizable compounds and optionally further LC compounds and / or additives.

[0031] The invention furthermore relates to the use of an LC medium according to the invention for electro-optical purposes, preferably in displays, very preferably of the VA, IPS or FFS type, in particular of the UB-FFS type.

[0032] The present invention furthermore particularly relates to the use of the LC medium according to the invention in PSA displays, preferably in PSA displays comprising an LC medium for the generation of a tilt angle in the LC medium by in situ polymerization of a polymerizable reactive mesogen (RM, reactive mesogen) in an electric or magnetic field in the PSA display.

[0033] The invention furthermore relates to an LC display comprising an LC medium according to the invention, in particular a VA, IPS, FFS or UB-FFS or PSA display, particularly preferably an FFS, UB-FFS, VA or PS-VA display.

[0034] The invention further relates to the use of an LC medium according to the invention in a polymer stabilized SA-VA display and to a polymer stabilized SA-VA display comprising an LC medium according to the invention.

[0035] The invention further relates to a method for producing an LC display as described above and below, comprising the steps of filling or otherwise providing between the substrates of the display an LC medium, optionally comprising one or more polymerisable compounds as described above and below, and optionally polymerising the polymerisable compounds.

[0036] The LC media according to the invention, in particular when used in UB-FFS displays, exhibit the following advantageous properties: -Excellent low-temperature stability (LTS), -Improved contrast ratio of the display, -High transparency of the display, High clearing temperature, -High voltage holding ratio, -Low rotational viscosity, -Fast switch, · Sufficient stability against heat and / or UV, especially when used outdoors. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0037] In particular, the media according to the invention are distinguished by high elastic constants K1 and K3, which enable displays with improved contrast, and by an advantageously low ratio γ1 / K1, which results in fast switching and short response times.

[0038] The medium further enables the manufacture of LC displays without ODF mura, especially when used in displays with inverse staggered thin film transistors.

[0039] The medium is furthermore distinguished by a high stability against changes in the liquid crystal composition due to evaporation of the liquid crystal compounds during the manufacture of liquid crystal display elements using the one-drop-filling (ODF) process.

[0040] Preferred compounds of formula I are selected from the following subformulae:

[0041] [ka]

[0042] [ka]

[0043] [ka]

[0044] Alkyl and alkyl * each independently represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, alkenyl represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, and cycloalkyl represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 C atoms (in which the CH2 group is [ka] ), preferably cyclopropyl, methylcyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, methylcyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, methylcyclopentyl, cyclopent-1-enyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclobutylethyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl or cyclopent-1-enylmethyl. Alkenyl preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0045] Highly preferred media are compounds of formula I-2, in particular those in which alkyl represents propyl and alkyl * represents ethyl.

[0046] Preferred compounds of formula IIA, IIB, IIC and IID are shown below.

[0047] [ka]

[0048] [ka]

[0049]

change

[0050]

change

[0051]

change

[0052]

change

[0053]

change

[0054]

change

[0055]

change

[0056]

change

[0057]

change

[0058]

change

[0059]

change

[0060] In the formula, the parameter a represents 1 or 2, and alkyl and alkyl * each independently represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, alkenyl represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, and (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond. Alkenyl preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0061] Highly preferred compounds of formula IID are selected from the following subformulae:

[0062] [ka]

[0063] [ka]

[0064] [ka]

[0065] [ka]

[0066] [ka]

[0067] [ka]

[0068] In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IID-7a.

[0069] [ka]

[0070] in which the occurring groups and parameters have the meanings given above under formula IID, and R 2 teeth, [ka] wherein r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; and s is 1, 2 or 3.

[0071] Preferred compounds of formula IID-7a are compounds IID-7a-1 to IID-7a-14.

[0072] [ka]

[0073] [ka]

[0074] [ka]

[0075] Particularly preferred mixtures according to the invention comprise one or more compounds of formulae IIA-2, IIA-8, IIA-10, IIA-16, IIA-18, IIA-40, IIA-41, IIA-42, IIA-43, IIB-2, IIB-10, IIB-16, IIC-1, IID-1 and IID-7.

[0076] A preferred medium according to the invention comprises at least one compound of formula IIC-1.

[0077] [ka]

[0078] In the formula, alkyl and alkyl * has the meaning given above.

[0079] In particular, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IIA-2 selected from the following subformulae:

[0080] [ka]

[0081] Alternatively and preferably, in addition to the compounds of formulae IIA-2-1 to IIA-2-5, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formulae IIA-2a-1 to IIA-2a-5.

[0082] [ka]

[0083] In particular, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IIA-10 selected from the following subformulae:

[0084] [ka]

[0085] Alternatively and preferably, in addition to the compounds of formulae IIA-10-1 to IIA-10-5, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formulae IIA-10a-1 to IIA-10a-5.

[0086] [ka]

[0087] In particular, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IIB-10 selected from the following subformulae:

[0088] [ka]

[0089] Alternatively and preferably, in addition to the compounds of formulae IIB-10-1 to IIB-10-5, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formulae IIB-10a-1 to IIB-10a-5.

[0090] [ka]

[0091] The medium according to the invention preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula III.

[0092] [ka]

[0093] During the ceremony, R 31 and R 32 each independently represent H, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 C atoms, with the proviso that one or more CH2 groups in these groups are not directly linked to O atoms, [ka] each independently being replaced by -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen; A 31 are, independently of each other in each occurrence, a) a 1,4-cyclohexenylene or 1,4-cyclohexylene group, in which one or two non-adjacent CH groups may be replaced by -O- or -S-; b) a 1,4-phenylene group, in which one or two CH groups may be replaced by N, or c) radicals from the group spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl and fluorene-2,7-diyl. represents with the proviso that groups a), b) and c) may be mono- or polysubstituted by halogen atoms; n represents 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1; Z 31 represent, independently in each occurrence, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CHO-, -OCH2-, -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, -(CH2)4-, -CH=CH-CH2O-, -C2F4-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CH2-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C- or a single bond, and L 31 and L 32 each independently of the other represents F, Cl, CF or CHF, preferably H or F, most preferably F, and W represents O or S.

[0094] The compound of formula III is preferably selected from the compounds of formula III-1 and / or III-2.

[0095] [ka]

[0096] in which the occurring radicals have the same meaning as given above in formula III, preferably R 31 and R 32 are each independently an alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxy group having up to 15 C atoms, more preferably one or both of them represent an alkoxy group, L 11 and L 12each preferably represents F.

[0097] Preferably, the compound of formula III-1 is selected from the group of the compounds of formulae III-1-1 to III-1-11, preferably of formula III-1-6.

[0098] [ka]

[0099] [ka]

[0100] During the ceremony, Alkyl and alkyl * each independently represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and alkenyl and alkenyl * each independently represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxy and alkoxy * each independently represents a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms; L 31 and L 32 each independently represents F or Cl, preferably both represent F.

[0101] Preferably, the compound of formula III-2 is selected from the group of the compounds of formulae III-2-1 to III-2-10, preferably of formula III-2-6.

[0102] [ka]

[0103] [ka]

[0104] During the ceremony, Alkyl and alkyl *each independently represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and alkenyl and alkenyl * each independently represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxy and alkoxy * each independently represents a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms; L 31 and L 32 each independently represents F or Cl, preferably both represent F.

[0105] The medium may contain one or more compounds of formula IIIA-1 and / or IIIA-2.

[0106] [ka]

[0107] In the formula, L 31 and L 32 has the same meaning as given above in formula III, (O) represents O or a single bond, R IIIA is an alkyl or alkenyl group having up to 7 C atoms or a group Cy-C m H 2m+1 - represents m and n are the same or different and are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, preferably 1, 2 or 3, very preferably 1, Cy represents alkyl or alkenyl, each having up to 3 C atoms, or an alicyclic group having 3, 4 or 5 ring atoms, which may be substituted by halogen or CN, and preferably represents cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl or cyclopentyl.

[0108] The compounds of formula IIIA-1 and / or IIIA-2 are included in the medium either alternatively or additionally, preferably additionally, to the compound of formula III.

[0109] Highly preferred compounds of formula IIIA-1 and IIIA-2 are:

[0110] [ka]

[0111] [ka]

[0112] In the formula, alkoxy is a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms, or alternatively -(CH2) n F (wherein n is 2, 3, 4 or 5), preferably C2H4F.

[0113] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III-3.

[0114] [ka]

[0115] During the ceremony R 31 , R 32 are the same or different and represent H, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 C atoms, provided that one or more CH groups in these groups are not directly linked to O atoms, and are -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, [ka] -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, in which additionally one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen; R 31 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, in which one or more CH2 groups are -CH=CH-, [ka] may be replaced by, R31 preferably denotes alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, in which one or more CH2 groups are -CH=CH-, [ka] may be replaced by, and L 31 and L 32 each independently represents F or Cl, and preferably both represent F.

[0116] The compound of formula III-3 is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae III-3-1 to III-3-10.

[0117] [ka]

[0118] [ka]

[0119] In the formula, R 32 is alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, preferably ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl, or alternatively cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl or cyclopentylmethyl, or alternatively -(CH2) n F (wherein n is 2, 3, 4 or 5), preferably C2H4F.

[0120] In a preferred embodiment of the invention the medium comprises one or more compounds of formulae III-4 to III-6, preferably of formula III-5.

[0121] [ka]

[0122] where the parameters have the meanings given above and R 31 preferably represents a linear alkyl group, R 32preferably denotes alkoxy, each having 1 to 7 C atoms.

[0123] In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula I selected from the group of compounds of formulae III-7 to III-9, preferably of formula III-8.

[0124] [ka]

[0125] where the parameters have the meanings given above and R 31 preferably represents a linear alkyl group, R 32 preferably denotes alkoxy, each having 1 to 7 C atoms.

[0126] In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IV.

[0127] [ka]

[0128] During the ceremony, R 41 represents an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms or an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably an n-alkyl group, particularly preferably having 2, 3, 4 or 5 C atoms, R 42 represents an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms or an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms (both of which preferably have 2 to 5 C atoms), an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably having 2, 3 or 4 C atoms, more preferably a vinyl group or a 1-propenyl group, in particular a vinyl group.

[0129] The compound of formula IV is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae IV-1 to IV-4.

[0130] [ka]

[0131] During the ceremony, alkyl and alkyl' each independently represent an alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, preferably having 2 to 5 C atoms, alkenyl represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 C atoms, preferably 2 to 4 C atoms, particularly preferably 2 C atoms; alkenyl' represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 C atoms, preferably having 2 to 4 C atoms, particularly preferably having 2 to 3 C atoms, Alkoxy represents alkoxy having 1 to 5 C atoms, preferably having 2 to 4 C atoms.

[0132] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IV-1 and one or more compounds of formula IV-3.

[0133] The compound of formula IV-1 is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae IV-1-1 to IV-1-5.

[0134] [ka]

[0135] The compound of formula IV-2 is preferably selected from the compounds of formulae IV-2-1 and IV-2-2.

[0136] [ka]

[0137] The compound of formula IV-3 is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae IV-3-1 and IV-3-2:

[0138] [ka]

[0139] In this formula, alkyl has the meaning defined above and preferably denotes n-propyl, n-butyl or n-pentyl.

[0140] The compounds of the formulae IV-3-1 and IV-3-2 are preferably selected from the following compounds:

[0141] [ka]

[0142] Very preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises a compound selected from the compounds of formula IV-4, in particular of formulae IV-4-1 and IV-4-2.

[0143] [ka]

[0144] In one embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula I selected from the compounds of formulae I-1 to I-4 in combination with one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulae IA-1 to IA-9.

[0145] [ka]

[0146] [ka]

[0147] In the formula, alkyl represents methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl or n-pentyl.

[0148] The liquid crystal medium preferably additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formula IVa.

[0149] [ka]

[0150] During the ceremony, R 41 and R 42 each independently of one another represents a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkoxy group having up to 12 C atoms, and [ka] Z 4 represents a single bond, -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -C2F4-, -C4H8-, or -CF=CF-.

[0151] Preferred compounds of formula IVa are shown below.

[0152] [ka]

[0153] During the ceremony, Alkyl and alkyl * each independently represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms.

[0154] The medium according to the invention preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula IVa-1 and / or formula IVa-2.

[0155] The proportion of compounds of formula IVa in the mixture as a whole is preferably less than 5% by weight, very preferably less than 2% by weight.

[0156] Preferably the medium comprises one or more compounds of formulae IVb-1 to IVb-3.

[0157] [ka]

[0158] During the ceremony, Alkyl and alkyl * each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, and alkenyl and alkenyl * each independently represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms.

[0159] Among the compounds of the formulae IVb-1 to IVb-3, the compound of the formula IVb-2 is particularly preferred.

[0160] Particularly preferred are biphenyls.

[0161] [ka]

[0162] In the formula, alkyl * stands for an alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably for n-propyl, n-butyl or n-pentyl, very preferably for n-propyl. The medium according to the invention particularly preferably comprises one or more compounds of the formulae IVb-1-1 and / or IVb-2-3

[0163] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula V

[0164] [ka]

[0165] During the ceremony, R 51 , R 52 represents an alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, an alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, or alkenyloxy having 2 to 7 C atoms, [ka] represents Z 51 , Z 52 each independently represents -CH-CH-, -CH-O-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -COO- or a single bond, and n is 1 or 2; However, compounds of formula CL are excluded from formula V.

[0166] The compound of formula V is preferably selected from the compounds of formulae V-1 to V-16.

[0167] [ka]

[0168] [ka]

[0169] In the formula, R 51 and R 52 has the meaning given above in formula V. 51 and R 52 preferably, each independently represent a linear alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms or an alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms.

[0170] Preferred media comprise one or more compounds of formula V-1, V-5, V-6, V-8, V-9, V-10, V-11, V-12, V-14, V-15 and / or V-16, very preferably V-5 and / or V-6 and / or V-8.

[0171] A preferred medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula CL.

[0172] [ka]

[0173] During the ceremony RL represents H, a linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 C atoms or a linear or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 15 C atoms, with the proviso that one or more CH2 groups in these groups are not directly linked to O atoms, [ka] -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, each of which may be replaced independently of the other, in which additionally one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen; X L represents F, Cl, CN, CHF2, CF3, OCF3, or R L has one of the meanings Y L represents H, F, Cl or CH3.

[0174] The compound of formula CL is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae CL-1, CL-2 and CL-3.

[0175] [ka]

[0176] During the ceremony, R L1 and R L2 are identical or different and have the meaning given in formula I above and preferably denote alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 7 or 2 to 7 C atoms, respectively, in which the CH2 group may be replaced by cyclopropane-1,2-diyl.

[0177] Highly preferred compounds of formula I are selected from the compounds of formulae CL-3-1 to CL-3-12:

[0178] [ka]

[0179] [ka]

[0180] In a preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises the compound CL-3-1.

[0181] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formulae VI-1 to VI-21.

[0182] [ka]

[0183] [ka]

[0184] [ka]

[0185] In the formula, R 6 represents a linear alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms, (O) represents -O- or a single bond, m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. R preferably represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy.

[0186] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formulae VII-1 to VII-9.

[0187] [ka]

[0188] [ka]

[0189] During the ceremony, R 7 represents a linear alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms or a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, and and w is an integer from 1 to 6.

[0190] Preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula VIII.

[0191] [ka]

[0192] During the ceremony, R 81 and R 82 are the same or different and represent H, halogen, CN, SCN, linear alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 15 C atoms, linear alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 15 C atoms, or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 3 to 15 C atoms, with the proviso that one or more CH2 groups in these groups are not directly linked to O atoms, [ka] each independently being replaced by -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen; A 0 , A 81 and A 81each independently of the other represents phenylene-1,4-diyl (in which one or two CH groups may be replaced by N and one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen, CN, CH3, CHF2, CH2F, CF3, OCH3, OCHF2 or OCF3), cyclohexane-1,4-diyl (in which one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced independently of the other by O and / or S and one or more H atoms may be replaced by F), cyclohexene-1,4-diyl, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl; Z 81 and Z 81 each independently represents -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CHO-, -OCH2-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -C2H4-, -C2F4-, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -CFHCFH-, -CFHCH2-, -CH2CFH-, -CF2CFH-, -CFHCF2-, -CH=CH-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CF-, -C≡C- or a single bond; n represents 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably 0, 1 or 2, very preferably 0 or 1, particularly preferably 0; and m represents 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably 0, 1 or 2, very preferably 1 or 2 and in particular 1, However, compounds of formula I are excluded from formula VIII.

[0193] A in Formula I 81 and A 81 preferably denotes phenylene-1,4-diyl (which radicals may also be mono- or polysubstituted by F), furthermore cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, cyclohexenylene-1,4-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, very preferably phenylene-1,4-diyl (which radicals may also be mono- or polysubstituted by F) or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl.

[0194] Z in Formula I 81 and Z 81 preferably represents -CF2O-, -OCF2- or a single bond, very preferably a single bond.

[0195] A in Formula I 81 and A 81 is particularly preferably [ka] where L represents halogen, CF3 or CN, preferably F.

[0196] R 81 and R 82 Further preferred are compounds of formula VIII, in which each independently of one another denotes H, F or alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 5, C atoms, each of which may be replaced by halogen, in particular F.

[0197] R 81 and R 82 preferably represents H, optionally fluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, optionally fluorinated alkenyl or alkynyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, optionally fluorinated cycloalkyl having 3 to 12 C atoms.

[0198] Preferably R 81 and R 82 At least one of them is not H, and particularly preferably R 81 and R 82 Both of these are not H. 81 is very particularly preferably alkyl. 82 is more preferably H, alkyl or fluorine. Very particularly preferably R 81 is alkyl, R 82 is H or alkyl. R 81 , R 82 R each independently very particularly preferably denotes unbranched alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms.81 and R 82 When R represents a substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkynyl, two groups R 81 and R 82 The total number of C atoms in is preferably less than 10.

[0199] Preferred compounds of formula VIII are selected from the following subformulae, more preferably from the compounds of formula VIII-3:

[0200] [ka]

[0201] In the formula, R 81 and R 82 has the meaning given above, L represents F, and r, s and t are independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. r is preferably 1 or 2, very preferably 2, and s and t are independently preferably 0 or 1, very preferably 0. R 81 and R 82 stands in particular independently for n-alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms.

[0202] In a first very preferred embodiment the compounds of the formulae VIII-1 to VIII-6 are selected from the compounds of the formulae VIII-1a to VIII-6a, in particular of the formula VIII-3a.

[0203] [ka]

[0204] In the formula, R 81 , R 82 , L, r and s have the meanings defined above.

[0205] In a second very preferred embodiment the compounds of the formulae VIII-1 to VIII-6 are selected from the compounds of the formulae VIII-1b to VIII-5b, in particular of the formula VIII-2b.

[0206] [ka]

[0207] In the formula, R 1 , R 2 , L, r and s have the meanings defined above.

[0208] In a third very preferred embodiment the compounds of formulae VIII-1 to III-6 are selected from the compounds of formulae III-1c to III-6c, in particular of formula I3-c.

[0209] [ka]

[0210] In the formula, R 1 , R 2 , L, r and s have the meanings defined above.

[0211] In a fourth very preferred embodiment the compounds of the formulae VIII-1 to VIII-6 are selected from the compounds of the formulae VIII-1d to VIII-6d, in particular of the formula VIII-3d.

[0212] [ka]

[0213] In the formula, R 1 , R 2 , L, r and s have the meanings defined above.

[0214] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of formulae VIII-1a to VIII-6a and one or more compounds selected from the group of formulae VIII-1b to VIII-6b.

[0215] Very particularly preferably, the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae VIII-3a, VIII-2b, VIII-3c and VIII-3d.

[0216] [ka]

[0217] In the formula, R 81 , R 82 , L and r have the meanings defined above, and preferably r is 0.

[0218] The most preferred compounds of formula I especially include one or more of the following:

[0219] [ka]

[0220] [ka]

[0221] [ka]

[0222] Alternatively or additionally, a compound of formula I below may be used:

[0223] [ka]

[0224] [ka]

[0225] [ka]

[0226] [ka]

[0227] Further preferred embodiments are listed below.

[0228] a) Liquid-crystalline medium comprising at least one compound of the formulae Z-1 to Z-8, very preferably Z-8.

[0229] [ka]

[0230] In the formula, R is R 1 and preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl, straight-chain alkoxy or straight-chain alkenyl, and Alkyl represents an n-alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms.

[0231] b) Preferred liquid crystal media according to the invention comprise one or more substances which contain a tetrahydronaphthyl or naphthyl unit, such as, for example, the compounds of the formulae N-1 to N-5.

[0232] [ka]

[0233] R in the formula 1N and R 2N are each independently R 2A and preferably represents straight-chain alkyl, straight-chain alkoxy or straight-chain alkenyl, Z 1 and Z 2 each independently represents -C2H4-, -CH=CH-, -(CH2)4-, -(CH2)3O-, -O(CH2)3-, -CH=CHCH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH=CH-, -CHO-, -OCH2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -C2F4-, -CF=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CF-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2- or a single bond.

[0234] c) Preferred mixtures comprise one or more compounds selected from the group of the difluorodibenzochroman compounds of formula BC, the chromans of formula CR and the fluorinated phenanthrenes of formulae PH-1 and PH-2.

[0235] [ka]

[0236] During the ceremony, R B1 , R B2 , R CR1 , R CR2 , R 1 , R 2 are each independently R 2A where c is 0, 1 or 2. 1 and R 2 preferably each independently denote alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms.

[0237] Particularly preferred compounds of formulae BC and CR are compounds BC-1 to BC-7 and CR-1 to CR-5.

[0238] [ka]

[0239] [ka]

[0240] During the ceremony, Alkyl and alkyl * each independently represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, alkenyl and alkenyl * each independently represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms.

[0241] Very particular preference is given to mixtures comprising one, two or three compounds of the formulae BC-2, BF-1 and / or BF-2.

[0242] d) Preferred mixtures contain one or more indane compounds of formula In.

[0243] [ka]

[0244] During the ceremony, R 11 , R 12 and R 13 each independently represents a linear alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl or alkenyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, R 12 and R 13 represents a halogen, preferably F, [ka] represents i represents 0, 1 or 2.

[0245] Preferred compounds of formula In are compounds of formulae In-1 to In-16 shown below.

[0246] [ka]

[0247] [ka]

[0248] [ka]

[0249] Particularly preferred are the compounds of formulae In-1, In-2, In-3 and In-4.

[0250] e) Preferred mixtures additionally contain one or more compounds of the formulae L-1 to L-5.

[0251] [ka]

[0252] [ka]

[0253] [ka]

[0254] During the ceremony, R, R 1 and R 2 are each independently R in formula IIA above. 2A where alkyl represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms. The parameter s represents 1 or 2.

[0255] The compounds of the formulae L1 to L9 are preferably used in concentrations of 5 to 15% by weight, in particular 5 to 12% by weight, very particularly preferably 8 to 10% by weight.

[0256] f) Preferred mixtures additionally contain one or more compounds of formula IIA-Y.

[0257] [ka]

[0258] R in the formula 11 and R 12 is the above formula IIA, R 2A has one of the meanings given to L 1 and L 2 are the same or different and represent F or Cl.

[0259] Preferred compounds of formula IIA-Y are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

[0260] [ka]

[0261] [ka]

[0262] In the formula, Alkyl and Alkyl * each independently represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, Alkoxy represents a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms, Alkenyl and Alkenyl * each independently represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, and O represents an oxygen atom or a single bond. Alkenyl and Alkenyl * preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0263] Particularly preferred compounds of formula IIA-Y are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

[0264] [ka]

[0265] In the formula, Alkoxy and Alkoxy * has the meaning defined above and preferably denotes methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, n-butyloxy or n-pentyloxy.

[0266] The medium according to the invention preferably comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulae PI and PII.

[0267] [ka]

[0268] During the ceremony, R 2 and R 3 is H, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 12 C atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 C atoms (provided that one or more CH2 groups in these groups are not directly linked to O atoms, [ka] -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen.), preferably alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms or cyclic alkyl having 3 to 9 C atoms (in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by F), [ka] are independent of each other, [ka] represents L 21 , L 22 , L 31 and L 32 each independently represents H or F, Y 2 and Y 3 are the same or different and represent H or CH3, X 2 and X 3 each independently of the other denotes a halogen, a halogenated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 3 C atoms or a halogenated alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 or 3 C atoms, preferably F, Cl, CF3, OCF3 or OCHF2, more preferably F or OCF3, in particular F, Z3 represents -CH2CH2-, -CF2CF2-, -COO-, trans-CH=CH-, trans-CF=CF-, -CHO- or a single bond, and l, m, n and o are each independently 0 or 1; However, compounds of formula CL are excluded from formula PII.

[0269] The compounds of formula PI preferably comprise one or more compounds of formula II selected from the group of compounds of formulae PI-1 to PI-3, very preferably from the group of compounds of formulae PI-1 and PI-3, in particular PI-3.

[0270] [ka]

[0271] In the formula, the occurring radicals have the respective meanings given in the formula PI above, and in the formula PI-1, the radical L 23 and L 24 each independently of the other parameters and of H or F, preferably in formula PI-2: [ka] Represents.

[0272] In formulas PI-1, PI-2 and PI-3, L 21 and L 22 or L 23 and L 24 Preferably, each of them represents F.

[0273] In another preferred embodiment of formulas PI-1 and PI-2, L 21 , L 22 , L 23 and L 24 All of these represent F.

[0274] The compound of formula PI-1 is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae PI-1a to PI-1h.

[0275] [ka]

[0276] [ka]

[0277] In the formulae, the occurring radicals have the respective meanings given above.

[0278] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the medium is 21 and L 22 and / or L 23 and L 24 In another preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulae PI-1a to PI-1h, wherein L 21 , L 22 , L 23 and L 24 all represent F.

[0279] Highly preferred compounds of formula PI-1.

[0280] [ka]

[0281] In the formula, R 2 has the meaning given above.

[0282] Preferably, the compound of formula PI-2 is selected from the group of compounds of formulae PI-2a to PI-2c.

[0283] [ka]

[0284] in which the occurring radicals each have the meaning given above, preferably L21 and L 22 are both F.

[0285] Preferably, the compound of formula PI-3 is selected from the group of compounds of formulae PI-3a to PI-3e.

[0286] [ka]

[0287] In the formulae, the occurring radicals have the respective meanings given above.

[0288] Preferably L 21 and L 22 are both F, and L 23 and L 24 are both H or L 21 , L 22 , L 23 , L 24 are all F.

[0289] Highly preferred compounds of formula PI-3.

[0290] [ka]

[0291] In the formula, R 2 has the meaning given above.

[0292] Alternatively or in addition to the preferred compounds of formula PI above, the medium may contain one or more compounds of formula PI selected from the compounds of formulae PIA-1 to PIA-7.

[0293] [ka]

[0294] [ka]

[0295] [ka]

[0296] [ka]

[0297] [ka]

[0298] In the formula, R 2 and X 2 has the meaning given in formula PI or one of the preferred meanings given above and below.

[0299] Preferred compounds are those of formulae PIA-1, PIA-2 and PIA-3, and highly preferred are those of formulae PIA-1 and PIA-2, as well as PIA-8, PIA-11, PIA-13, PIA-23, PIA-26 and PIA-27.

[0300] In the compounds of formulae PIA-1 to PIA-28, R 2 preferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl or propyl, and X 2 preferably represents F or OCF3, very preferably F.

[0301] In another preferred embodiment of the invention the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula PII, preferably selected from the group of formulae PII-1 and PII-2, preferably formula PII-2.

[0302] [ka]

[0303] In the formula, the occurring groups and parameters have the respective meanings given in formula PII above.

[0304] Preferably, the compound of formula PII-1 is selected from the group of compounds of formula PII-1a and PII-1b.

[0305] [ka]

[0306] In the formula, the occurring radicals have the respective meanings given above, and L 33 and L 34 each independently represents H or F.

[0307] The compound of formula PII-1a is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-1a-1 to PII-1a-6.

[0308] [ka]

[0309] In the formula, R 3 has the meaning given above.

[0310] Preferably, the compound of formula PII-2 is selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-2a to PII-2m.

[0311] [ka]

[0312] [ka]

[0313] [ka]

[0314] In the formula, the occurring radicals have the respective meanings given above, and L 35and L 36 represent independently H or F.

[0315] Preferably, the compound of formula PII-2a is selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-2a-1 to PII-2a-4.

[0316] [ka]

[0317] In the formula, R 3 has the meaning given above.

[0318] The compound of formula PII-2b is preferably selected from the group of the compounds of formulae PII-2b-1 and PII-2b-2, preferably of formula PII-2b-2.

[0319] [ka]

[0320] In the formula, R 3 has the meaning given above.

[0321] The compound of the formula PII-2c is preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae PII-2c-1 to PII-2c-5.

[0322] [ka]

[0323] [ka]

[0324] In the formula, R 3 has the meaning given above.

[0325] The compounds of the formulae PII-2d and PII-2e are preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae PII-2d-1 and PII-2e-1.

[0326] [ka]

[0327] In the formula, R 3 has the meaning given above.

[0328] The compound of the formula PII-2f is preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae PII-2f-1 to PII-2f-4.

[0329] [ka]

[0330] The compound of formula PII-2g is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-2g-1 to PII-2g-7.

[0331] [ka]

[0332] In the formula, R 3 has the meaning given above.

[0333] The compound of formula PII-2h is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-2h-1 to PII-2h-5.

[0334] [ka]

[0335] In the formula, R 3 has the meaning given above.

[0336] The compound of formula PII-2i is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-2i-1 to PII-2i-3.

[0337] [ka]

[0338] In the formula, R 3 has the meaning given above.

[0339] The compound of the formula PII-2j is preferably selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae PII-2j-1 to PII-2j-3.

[0340] [ka]

[0341] In the formula, R 3 has the meaning given above.

[0342] The compound of formula PII-2k is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-2k-1 to PII-2k-6.

[0343] [ka]

[0344] In the formula, R 3 has the meaning given above.

[0345] The compound of formula PII-2l is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae PII-2l-1 to PII-2l-6.

[0346] [ka]

[0347] In the formula, R 3 has the meaning given above.

[0348] The compound of formula PII-2m is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formula PII-2m-1.

[0349] [ka]

[0350] Alternatively or in addition to the compounds of formula PII-1 and / or PII-2, the medium according to the invention optionally comprises one or more compounds of formula PII-3.

[0351] [ka]

[0352] wherein the groups and parameters have the respective meanings given in formula PII above.

[0353] Preferred is the formula PII-3a.

[0354] [ka]

[0355] In the formula, R 3 has the meaning given above.

[0356] Preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises a compound selected from the group of compounds of formulae ST-1 to ST-19, very preferably of formula ST-3.

[0357] [ka]

[0358] [ka]

[0359] [ka]

[0360] [ka]

[0361] [ka]

[0362] During the ceremony R ST represents H, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 C atoms, provided that in addition, one or more CH groups in these groups are not directly linked to O atoms, and are -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, [ka] -O-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, each independently of the other, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen; [ka] may be the same or different in each occurrence, [ka] represents Z ST represent, independently of one another, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CHO-, -OCH2-, -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, -(CH2)4-, -CH=CH-, -CHO-, -C2F4-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CH2-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C- or a single bond; L 1 and L 2 each independently represents F, Cl, CH3, CF3 or CHF2, p represents 0, 1 or 2; q represents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.

[0363] Of the compounds of formula ST, the compounds of formula ST-3 and especially the following are particularly preferred:

[0364] [ka]

[0365] [ka]

[0366] [ka]

[0367] [ka]

[0368] [ka]

[0369] In the compounds of formulae ST-3a and ST-3b, n preferably represents 3. In the compounds of formula ST-2a, n preferably represents 7.

[0370] Very particularly preferred mixtures according to the invention comprise one or more stabilizers from the group of compounds of the formulae ST-2a-1, ST-3a-1, ST-3b-1, ST-8-1, ST-9-1, ST-12.

[0371] [ka]

[0372] [ka]

[0373] Preferably the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula S.

[0374] [ka]

[0375] During the ceremony, Ar represents a methylene group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 C atoms or a heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 40 C atoms; preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 C atoms; Sp represents a spacer group; R S represents H, alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms or alkenyl having 2 to 12 C atoms; Z S are -O-, -C(O)O-, -(CH2) z -or-(CH2) z O-, or a single bond; HA is [ka] represents; R H H, O · , CH3, OH or OR S represents; R S1 , R S2 , R S3 and R S4 are identical or different and represent alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably having 1 to 3 C atoms, very preferably CH3; G is H or R S or group Z S - represents HA; z is an integer from 1 to 6; and q is 2, 3 or 4, preferably 3 or 4.

[0376] In formula S, aryl represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms, and includes 1, 2, 3 or 4 aromatic rings, including fused rings, which may be bonded directly or via an alkylene linking group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or alkenyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or by CN, CF3 or halogen, in which one or more CH2 groups may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N(C1-C4-alkyl)-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CH=CH- or -C≡C-, respectively, so that O or S atoms are not directly bonded to each other.

[0377] Preferred aryl groups are benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, biphenyl, m-terphenyl, p-terphenyl and (phenylalkyl)benzenes, in which alkyl is a straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms.

[0378] In a preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention has a parameter q of 3 and G of the group Z S - Includes compounds of formula S, which represents HA.

[0379] In another preferred embodiment the medium according to the invention has a structure in which the parameter q is 4 and G is H or R. S This includes compounds of formula S,

[0380] The compound of formula S is preferably selected from the compounds of formulae S-1, S-2 and S-3.

[0381] [ka]

[0382] [ka]

[0383] During the ceremony, R H has the meaning given above and is preferably H or O · represents; Sp is the same or different in each occurrence and represents a spacer group; W represents a linear or branched, optionally unsubstituted alkylene having 1 to 12 C atoms, in which one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may be replaced by -O-.

[0384] Preferred compounds of formula S-1 are selected from compounds of formula S-1-1:

[0385] [ka]

[0386] In the formula, R H has the meaning given above, preferably H or O · and n is an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, and very preferably 7.

[0387] Preferred compounds of formula S-2 are selected from compounds of formula S-2-1:

[0388] [ka]

[0389] In the formula, R H has the meaning given above, preferably H or O · and n2 is the same or different at each occurrence, preferably the same and an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, very preferably 3; and R S is identical or different at each occurrence, preferably identical and represents alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably n-butyl.

[0390] Preferred compounds of formula S-3 are selected from compounds of formula S-3-1:

[0391] [ka]

[0392] In the formula, R H has the meaning given above, preferably H or O · and n is an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, and very preferably 7.

[0393] The compounds of the formulae ST-1 to ST-18 are preferably present in the liquid crystal mixtures according to the invention in an amount of 0.005 to 0.5% each, based on the mixture.

[0394] If the mixture according to the invention comprises two or more compounds from the group of compounds of formulae ST-1 to ST-18, the concentrations increase correspondingly to 0.01 to 1% for two compounds, based on the mixture.

[0395] However, the total proportion of compounds of the formulae ST-1 to ST-18, based on the mixture according to the invention, preferably does not exceed 2%.

[0396] The liquid-crystalline media according to the invention, also referred to herein as liquid-crystalline host mixtures, are suitable for use in polymer-stabilized displays. For this purpose the media according to the invention may comprise one or more polymerizable compounds of formula P

[0397] [ka]

[0398] wherein each independently of one another is identical or different at each occurrence, P represents a polymerizable group; Sp represents a spacer group or a single bond; A 1 , A 2is an aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic group, preferably having 4 to 25 ring atoms, which may also contain fused rings, which group is unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by L, Z 1 -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CF2S-, -SCF2-, -(CH2) n1 -, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -(CF2) n1 -, -CH=CH-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH=CH-, -CH2-CH2-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH2-CH2-, -CR 0 R 00 - or a single bond, R 0 , R 00 represents H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, R represents H, L or P-Sp-; L represents F, Cl, -CN, P-Sp- or linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, with the proviso that one or more non-adjacent CH groups may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- in such a way that the O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other, respectively, and with the proviso that one or more H atoms may be replaced by P-Sp-, F or Cl, z is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and n1 is 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0399] The term "reliability" as used herein refers to the quality of a display's performance over time under different stress loads such as light load, temperature, humidity, voltage, and display effects such as image sticking (area and line image sticking), mura, smearing, etc., known to those skilled in the art of liquid crystal displays. As a standard parameter to classify reliability, the voltage holding ration (VHR) value is usually used, which is a measure of the maintenance of a constant electrical voltage in a test display. A high VHR is a prerequisite for a reliable LC medium.

[0400] Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, the term "PSA" is used to refer to polymer-sustained alignment displays in general, and the term "PS" is used to refer to specific display modes such as PS-VA and PS-TN.

[0401] As used herein, the terms "active layer" and "switchable layer" refer to a layer in an electro-optical display, e.g. an LC display, that contains one or more types of molecules with structural and optical anisotropy, e.g. LC molecules, that undergo a change in molecular orientation upon application of an external stimulus, such as an electric or magnetic field, resulting in a change in the transparency of the layer for polarized or unpolarized light.

[0402] As used herein, the terms "tilt" and "tilt angle" are understood to mean the tilted orientation of the LC molecules of the LC medium in an LC display (herein preferably a PSA display) relative to the cell surface. In this specification, tilt angle means the average angle (less than 90°) between the molecular long axis (LC director) of the LC molecules and the surface of the flat parallel outer plates forming the LC cell. In this specification, low values ​​of tilt angle (i.e., large deviation from the angle 90°) correspond to large tilt. A suitable method for measuring the tilt angle is given in the examples. Unless otherwise indicated, the values ​​of tilt angle disclosed above and below refer to this measurement method.

[0403] As used herein, the terms "reactive mesogen" and "RM" are understood to mean a compound containing a mesogenic or liquid crystal backbone and one or more functional groups attached to the backbone suitable for polymerization, which functional groups are also referred to as "polymerizable groups" or "P".

[0404] As used herein, unless otherwise stated, the term "polymerizable compound" is understood to mean a polymerizable monomeric compound.

[0405] As used herein, the term "low molecular weight compound" is understood as a term in contrast to "polymeric compound" or "polymer" to mean a compound that is monomeric and / or not prepared by a polymerization reaction.

[0406] As used herein, the term "non-polymerizable compound" is understood to mean a compound that does not contain any functional group suitable for polymerization under the conditions normally applied for the polymerization of RMs.

[0407] As used herein, the term "mesogenic group" refers to a group known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature, which essentially contributes to the generation of a liquid-crystalline (LC) phase in low molecular weight or polymeric substances due to the anisotropy of its attractive and repulsive interactions. A compound containing a mesogenic group (mesogenic compound) does not necessarily have an LC phase by itself. It is also possible that a mesogenic compound exhibits LC phase behavior only after mixing with other compounds and / or after polymerization. Typical mesogenic groups are, for example, rigid rod-like or disc-like shaped units. A review of the terms and definitions used in relation to mesogens or LC compounds is given in Pure Appl.Chem. 2001, Vol. 73 (No. 5), p. 888 and C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew.Chem. 2004, Vol. 116, p. 6340-6368.

[0408] As used herein, the terms "optically active" and "chiral" are synonymous for a material that can induce a helical pitch in a nematic host material, also referred to as a "chiral dopant."

[0409] As used herein, the term "spacer group", also referred to above and below as "Sp", is known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature, see for example Pure Appl.Chem. 2001, Vol. 73 (No. 5), p. 888 and C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew.Chem. 2004, Vol. 116, p. 6340-6368. As used herein, the term "spacer group" or "spacer" refers to a flexible group, such as an alkylene group, that connects the mesogenic group and the polymerizable group(s) in a polymerizable mesogenic compound.

[0410] Similarly, in compounds of formula I, the spacer group links the optically active central hydrocarbon group and stabilizes the hindered amine functionality.

[0411] Above and below, [ka] represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene ring.

[0412] base [ka] The single bond shown between two ring atoms in can be attached to any non-bonded position of the benzene ring.

[0413] Above and below, "organic group" represents a carbon or hydrocarbon group.

[0414] The term "carbon group" refers to a monovalent or polyvalent organic group containing at least one carbon atom, provided that it either does not contain any additional type of atom (e.g., -C≡C-, etc.) or it may contain one or more additional types of atoms, such as, for example, N, O, S, B, P, Si, Se, As, Te, or Ge (e.g., carbonyl, etc.). The term "hydrocarbon group" refers to a carbon group that additionally contains one or more H atoms and may contain one or more heteroatoms, such as, for example, N, O, S, B, P, Si, Se, As, Te, or Ge.

[0415] "Halogen" represents F, Cl, Br or I, preferably F or Cl.

[0416] -CO-, -C(=O)- and -C(O)- are carbonyl groups, i.e. [ka] Represents.

[0417] The carbon or hydrocarbon group may be saturated or unsaturated. The unsaturated group may be, for example, an aryl, alkenyl or alkynyl group. The carbon or hydrocarbon group having more than three C atoms may be linear, branched and / or cyclic, and may contain spiro-linked or fused rings.

[0418] The terms "alkyl," "aryl," "heteroaryl," etc. also include polyvalent radicals, such as alkylene, arylene, heteroarylene, etc.

[0419] The term "aryl" refers to an aromatic carbon group or a group derived therefrom. The term "heteroaryl" refers to an "aryl" as defined above containing one or more heteroatoms, preferably selected from N, O, S, Se, Te, Si and Ge.

[0420] Preferred carbon and hydrocarbon groups are optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy and alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 20, particularly preferably 1 to 12 C atoms, optionally substituted aryl or aryloxy having 5 to 30, preferably 6 to 25 C atoms, or optionally substituted alkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryloxy, arylalkyloxy, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxy and aryloxycarbonyloxy having 5 to 30, preferably 6 to 25 C atoms, with the proviso that one or more C atoms may be replaced by a heteroatom, preferably selected from N, O, S, Se, Te, Si and Ge.

[0421] More preferred carbon and hydrocarbon groups are C1-C 20 Alkyl, C2-C 20 Alkenyl, C2-C 20 Alkynyl, C3-C 20 Allyl, C4~C 20 Alkyldienyl, C4-C 20 Polyenyl, C6-C 20 Cycloalkyl, C4-C 15 Cycloalkenyl, C6-C 30 Aryl, C6-C 30 Alkylaryl, C6-C 30 Aryl alkyl, C6-C 30 Alkylaryloxy, C6-C 30 Arylalkyloxy, C2-C 30 Heteroaryl, C2-C 30 It is heteroaryloxy.

[0422] C1~C 12 Alkyl, C2-C 12 Alkenyl, C2-C 12 Alkynyl, C6-C 25 Aryl and C2-C 25 Heteroaryl is especially preferred.

[0423] Further preferred carbon and hydrocarbon groups are alkyl, linear, branched or cyclic, having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 12, C atoms, which are unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, with the proviso that one or more non-adjacent CH groups are each independently of one another -C(R x )=C(R x )-, -C≡C-, -N(R x ) -, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or -O-CO-O-.

[0424] R x preferably represents H, F, Cl, CN, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl chain having 1 to 25 C atoms (with the proviso that in addition, one or more non-adjacent C atoms may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, with the proviso that one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl), or an optionally substituted aryl or aryloxy group having 6 to 30 C atoms, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl or heteroaryloxy group having 2 to 30 C atoms.

[0425] Preferred alkyl groups are, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, s-pentyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, dodecanyl, trifluoromethyl, perfluoro-n-butyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, perfluorooctyl, perfluorohexyl, and the like.

[0426] Preferred alkenyl groups are, for example, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, cyclopentenyl, hexenyl, cyclohexenyl, heptenyl, cycloheptenyl, octenyl, cyclooctenyl, and the like.

[0427] Preferred alkynyl groups are, for example, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, octynyl and the like.

[0428] Preferred alkoxy groups are, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, n-pentoxy, n-hexoxy, n-heptoxy, n-octoxy, n-nonoxy, n-decoxy, n-undecoxy, n-dodecoxy, and the like.

[0429] Preferred amino groups are, for example, dimethylamino, methylamino, methylphenylamino, phenylamino, and the like.

[0430] Aryl and heteroaryl groups may be monocyclic or polycyclic, i.e., they may contain one ring (such as phenyl) or two or more rings, and the groups may be fused (such as naphthyl) or covalently linked (such as biphenyl) or may contain a combination of fused and linked rings. Heteroaryl groups preferably contain one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N, S and Se.

[0431] Particularly preferred are monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aryl groups having 6 to 25 C atoms and monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic heteroaryl groups having 5 to 25 ring atoms, which may contain fused rings and may be substituted.Furthermore, 5-, 6- or 7-membered aryl and heteroaryl groups are preferred, provided that in addition, one or more CH groups may be replaced by N, S or O, in such a way that the O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to one another.

[0432] Preferred aryl groups are, for example, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, [1,1':3',1"]terphenyl-2'-yl, naphthyl, anthracene, binaphthyl, phenanthrene, 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene, pyrene, dihydropyrene, chrysene, perylene, tetracene, pentacene, benzopyrene, fluorene, indene, indenofluorene, spirobifluorene, and the like.

[0433] Preferred heteroaryl groups are, for example, pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazole, furan, thiophene, selenophene, oxazole, isoxazole, 1,2-thiazole, 1,3-thiazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1,2,4- Five-membered rings such as thiadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole, and 1,3,4-thiadiazole; six-membered rings such as pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, 1,3,5-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, 1,2,3-triazine, 1,2,4,5-tetrazine, 1,2,3,4-tetrazine, and 1,2,3,5-tetrazine; or indole, isoindole, indolizine, indazole, benzimidazole, benzotriazole, pristine, , naphthaimidazole, phenanthroimidazole, pyridaimidazole, pyrazineimidazole, quinoxalineimidazole, benzoxazole, naphthoxazole, anthroxazole, phenanthroxazole, isoxazole, benzothiazole, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, dibenzofuran, quinoline, isoquinoline, pteridine, benzo-5,6-quinoline, benzo-6,7-quinoline, benzo-7,8-quinoline, benzoi Condensed groups such as isoquinoline, acridine, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, benzopyridazine, benzopyrimidine, quinoxaline, phenazine, naphthyridine, azacarbazole, benzocarboline, phenanthridine, phenanthroline, thieno[2,3b]thiophene, thieno[3,2b]thiophene, dithienothiophene, isobenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, benzothiadiazothiophene, or a combination of these groups.

[0434] The aryl and heteroaryl groups mentioned above and below may also be substituted with alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, fluorine, fluoroalkyl or further aryl or heteroaryl groups.

[0435] (Non-aromatic) alicyclic and heterocyclic groups include both saturated rings, i.e. those containing exclusively single bonds, and also partially unsaturated rings, i.e. those which may also contain multiple bonds. Heterocyclic rings preferably contain one or more heteroatoms selected from Si, O, N, S and Se.

[0436] (Non-aromatic) alicyclic and heterocyclic groups may be monocyclic, i.e. containing only one ring (e.g. cyclohexane) or polycyclic, i.e. containing several rings (e.g. decahydronaphthalene or bicyclooctane). Saturated groups are particularly preferred. Furthermore, monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic groups having 5 to 25 ring atoms are preferred, which may contain fused rings and may be substituted. Furthermore, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered carbocyclic groups are preferred, provided that in addition, one or more C atoms may be replaced by Si and / or one or more CH groups may be replaced by N and / or one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by -O- and / or -S-.

[0437] Preferred alicyclic and heterocyclic groups are, for example, 5-membered groups such as cyclopentane, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiofuran, pyrrolidine, 6-membered groups such as cyclohexane, silinane, cyclohexene, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrothiopyran, 1,3-dioxane, 1,3-dithiane, piperidine, 7-membered groups such as cycloheptane, and fused groups such as tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene, indane, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, octahydro-4,7-methanoindan-2,5-diyl.

[0438] Preferred substituents are solubility-promoting groups such as, for example, alkyl or alkoxy, electron-withdrawing groups such as fluorine, nitro or nitrile, or substituents for increasing the glass transition temperature (Tg) in the polymer, especially bulky groups such as, for example, t-butyl or optionally substituted aryl groups.

[0439] Preferred substituents are referred to below as "L S ", for example, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)N(R x )2, -C(=O)Y 1 , -C(=O)R x , -N(R x )2, linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy each having 1 to 25 C atoms (wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl), optionally substituted silyl having 1 to 20 Si atoms, or optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 25, preferably 6 to 15, C atoms.

[0440] In the formula, R x represents H, F, Cl, CN, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl chain having 1 to 25 C atoms, with the proviso that one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, in such a way that the O- and / or S- atoms are not directly linked to one another, with the proviso that one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, P- or P-Sp-, respectively, and Y 1 represents a halogen.

[0441] The "substituted silyl or aryl" is preferably a halogen, -CN, R 0 , -OR 0 , -CO-R 0 , -CO-OR 0 , -O-CO-R 0 OR-O-CO-OR 0where R 0 represents H or alkyl having 1 to 20 C atoms.

[0442] Particularly preferred substituents L are, for example, F, Cl, CN, NO2, CH3, C2H5, OCH3, OC2H5, COCH3, COC2H5, COOCH3, COOC2H5, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, OC2F5, and also phenyl.

[0443] A 1 and A 2 Very preferably [ka] where L has one of the meanings given above and r represents 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, in particular [ka] Represents.

[0444] The polymerizable group P is a group suitable for polymerization reactions, such as, for example, free-radical or ionic chain polymerization, polyaddition or polycondensation, or for polymer-analogous reactions, such as, for example, addition or condensation onto a polymer backbone. Groups for chain polymerization, especially those containing a C=C double bond or a C≡C triple bond, and also groups suitable for ring-opening polymerization, such as, for example, oxetane or epoxide groups, are particularly preferred.

[0445] The preferred group P is CH2=CW 1 -CO-O-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-, [ka] CH2=CW 2 -(O) k3 -, C.W. 1 =CH-CO-(O) k3 -, C.W. 1 =CH-CO-NH-, CH2=CW 1-CO-NH-, CH3-CH=CH-O-, (CH2=CH)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-CO-, HO-CW 2 W 3 -, HS-CW 2 W 3 -, H.W. 2 N-, HO-CW 2 W 3 -NH-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-NH-, CH2=CH-(COO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 -, CH2=CH-(CO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 -, Phe-CH=CH-, HOOC-, OCN- and W 4 W 5 W 6 Si-, wherein W 1 stands for H, F, Cl, CN, CF3, phenyl or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, F, Cl or CH3, W 2 and W 3 each independently of one another denotes H or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, W 4 , W 5 and W 6 each independently represents Cl, oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, W 7 and W 8 each independently of one another represents H, Cl or an alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, Phe represents 1,4-phenylene which may be substituted with one or more groups L as defined above other than P-Sp-, k1, k2 and k3 each independently of one another represent 0 or 1, k3 preferably represents 1 and k4 represents an integer from 1 to 10.

[0446] Highly preferred groups P are CH2=CW 1 -CO-O-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-, [ka] CH2=CW 2 -O-, CH2=CW 2 -, C.W. 1 =CH-CO-(O) k3 -, C.W. 1 =CH-CO-NH-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-NH-, (CH2=CH)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-CO-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-NH-, CH2=CH-(COO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 -, CH2=CH-(CO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 -, Phe-CH=CH- and W 4 W 5 W 6 Si-, wherein W 1 stands for H, F, Cl, CN, CF3, phenyl or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, F, Cl or CH3, W 2 and W 3 each independently of one another denotes H or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, W 4 , W 5 and W 6 each independently represents Cl, oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, W 7 and W 8 each independently represents H, Cl or an alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms; Phe represents 1,4-phenylene; k1, k2 and k3 each independently represent 0 or 1, k3 preferably represents 1, and k4 represents an integer of 1 to 10.

[0447] Very particularly preferred groups P are CH2=CW 1-CO-O-, in particular CH2=CH-CO-O-, CH2=C(CH3)-CO-O- and CH2=CF-CO-O-, further CH2=CH-O-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-CO-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-, [ka] The compound is selected from the group consisting of:

[0448] More preferably, the polymerizable group P is selected from the group consisting of vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane and epoxide groups, most preferably acrylate and methacrylate.

[0449] When the spacer group Sp is different from a single bond, Sp is preferably of the formula Sp"-X", such that each group P-Sp- corresponds to the formula R-Sp"-X"-, where Sp" and X" have the following meanings:

[0450] Sp" represents a linear or branched alkylene having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 12, C atoms, which may be mono- or polysubstituted by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, provided that in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH groups are each independently -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N(R 0 )-, -Si(R 0 R 00 )-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -N(R 00 )-CO-O-, -O-CO-N(R 0 )-, -N(R 0 )-CO-N(R 00 )-, -CH=CH- or -C≡C-, “X” is -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CO-N(R 0 )-, -N(R 0 )-CO-, -N(R 0)-CO-N(R 00 )-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CF2S-, -SCF2-, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CF2-, -CH=N-, -N=CH-, -N=N-, -CH=CR 0 -, -CY 2 =CY 3 represents -, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH=CH- or a single bond; R 0 and R 00 each independently represent H or alkyl having 1 to 20 C atoms, Y 2 and Y 3 each independently represents H, F, Cl or CN.

[0451] X″ is preferably —O—, —S—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —O—COO—, —CO—NR 0 -, -NR 0 -CO-, -NR 0 -CO-NR 00 - or a single bond.

[0452] Exemplary spacer groups Sp and -Sp"-X"- include, for example, -(CH2) p1 -, -(CH2) p1 -O-, -(CH2) p1 -O-CO-, -(CH2) p1 -CO-O-, -(CH2) p1 -O-CO-O-, -(CH2CH2O) q1 -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2-S-CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2-NH-CH2CH2- or -(SiR 0 R 00 -O) p1 In the formula, p1 is an integer from 1 to 12, q1 is an integer from 1 to 3, and R 0 and R 00 has the meaning given above.

[0453] Particularly preferred spacer groups Sp and -Sp"-X"- are -(CH2) p1 -, -(CH2) p1 -O-, -(CH2) p1 -O-CO-, -(CH2) p1 -CO-O-, -(CH2) p1 -O-CO-O-, in which p1 and q1 have the meanings given above.

[0454] Particularly preferred radicals Sp" are, in their respective linear forms, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, octadecylene, ethyleneoxyethylene, methyleneoxybutylene, ethylenethioethylene, ethylene-N-methyliminoethylene, 1-methylalkylene, ethenylene, propenylene and butenylene.

[0455] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula P and its subformulae have the group Sp-P as Sp(P) s (wherein s is 2 or more).

[0456] Preferred compounds of formula P according to this preferred embodiment are those in which s is 2, i.e. compounds containing the group Sp(P)2. Highly preferred compounds of formula P according to this preferred embodiment contain a group selected from the following formulae:

[0457] [ka]

[0458] where P is as defined in formula P; alkyl denotes a single bond or a linear or branched alkylene having 1 to 12 C atoms, which is unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by F, Cl or CN, with the proviso that one or more non-adjacent CH groups are each independently connected to each other such that O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other, i.e., -C(R 0 )=C(R 0 )-, -C≡C-, -N(R 0 )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO- or -O-CO-O-, provided that R 0 has the meaning given above, aa and bb each independently represent 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; X has one of the meanings given under X″ and is preferably O, CO, SO2, O—CO—, CO—O or a single bond.

[0459] Preferred spacer groups Sp(P)2 are selected from formulae S1, S2 and S3.

[0460] Highly preferred spacer groups Sp(P)2 are selected from the following subformulae:

[0461] [ka]

[0462] In the compounds of formula P and subformulas thereof as described above and below, P is preferably selected from the group consisting of vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane and epoxide, most preferably acrylate and methacrylate.

[0463] Further preferred are compounds of formula P and its subformulas as defined above and below, in which all polymerizable groups P present in the compound have the same meaning, very preferably denoting acrylate or methacrylate, most preferably methacrylate.

[0464] In the compounds of formula P and its subformulas as described above and below, R preferably represents P-Sp.

[0465] Sp is a single bond or -(CH2) p1 -, -O-(CH2) p1 -, -O-CO-(CH2) p1 or -CO-O-(CH2) p1 where p1 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and Sp is -O-(CH2) p1 -, -O-CO-(CH2) p1 or -CO-O-(CH2) p1 Further preferred are compounds of formula P and its subformulas as defined above and below, in which the O atom or CO group, respectively, is linked to a benzene ring.

[0466] Further preferred are compounds of formula P and subformulae thereof as defined above and below, in which at least one group Sp is a single bond.

[0467] At least one group Sp is different from a single bond and is preferably -(CH2) p1 -, -O-(CH2) p1 -, -O-CO-(CH2) p1 or -CO-O-(CH2) p1 where p1 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and Sp is -O-(CH2) p1 -, -O-CO-(CH2) p1 or -CO-O-(CH2) p1 Further preferred are compounds of formula P and its subformulas as defined above and below, in which the O atom or CO group, respectively, is linked to a benzene ring.

[0468] Highly preferred group -A in formula P 1 -(ZA 2 ) z is selected from the following formula:

[0469] [ka]

[0470] wherein at least one benzene ring is substituted with at least one group L, and the benzene ring may be further substituted with one or more groups L or P-Sp-.

[0471] Preferred compounds of formula P and subformulae thereof are selected from the following preferred embodiments (including any combination thereof): ·All groups P in the compound have the same meaning. -A 1 -(ZA 2 ) z is selected from A1, A2 and A5. The compound has exactly two polymerizable groups (represented by the group P). The compound has exactly three polymerizable groups (represented by groups P). ·P is selected from the group consisting of acrylates, methacrylates and oxetanes, very preferably it is an acrylate or methacrylate. P is a methacrylate. All groups Sp are single bonds. At least one of the groups Sp is a single bond and at least one of the groups Sp is different from a single bond. If Sp is different from a single bond, -(CH2) p2 -, -(CH2) p2 -O-, -(CH2) p2 -CO-O-, -(CH2) p2 -O-CO-, where p2 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and the O atom or CO group, respectively, is linked to the benzene ring. Sp is a single bond or -(CH2) p2 -, -(CH2) p2 -O-, -(CH2) p2 -CO-O-, -(CH2) p2 represents -O-CO-, where p2 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and the O atom or CO group, respectively, is linked to the benzene ring. ·R stands for P-Sp-. R does not represent or contain a polymerizable group. R does not represent or does not contain a polymerizable group and represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, with the proviso that one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, in such a way that the O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other, respectively, with the proviso that one or more H atoms are not directly linked to each other, respectively, with the proviso that one or more H atoms are not directly linked to each other, a may be replaced by L or L' represents F, Cl or CN. ·L is F.

[0472] Highly preferred compounds of formula P are selected from the following formulae:

[0473] [ka]

[0474] [ka]

[0475] [ka]

[0476] [ka]

[0477] [ka]

[0478] [ka]

[0479] In the formula, the individual radicals, which are identical or different at each occurrence, each have the following meanings independently of one another: P 1 , P 2 , P 3 is a polymerizable group, preferably selected from vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane and epoxy, very preferably acrylate or methacrylate, Sp 1 , Sp 2 , Sp 3 is a single bond or a spacer group, provided that in addition there is one or more groups P 1 -Sp 1 -, P 2 -Sp 2 - and P 3 -Sp 3 - is R M where any group P 1 -Sp 1 -, P 2 -Sp 2 - and P 3 -Sp 3 -At least one of the following is R M and preferably has one of the preferred meanings of Sp as given above, very preferably -(CH2) p1 -, -(CH2) p1 -O-, -(CH2) p1 -CO-O- or -(CH2) p1 -O-CO-O-, wherein p1 is an integer from 1 to 12; R M is H, F, Cl, CN or linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms (provided that in addition one or more non-adjacent CH groups are in each case independently of one another such that O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to one another) -C(R 0 )=C(R 00 )-, -C≡C-, -N(R 0 )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, provided that in addition one or more H atoms are replaced by F, Cl, CN or P 1 -Sp 1-), particularly preferably linear or branched, optionally mono- or polyfluorinated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl or alkylcarbonyloxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, with the proviso that the alkenyl and alkynyl groups have at least 2 C atoms and the branched groups have at least 3 C atoms, with the proviso that R aa is group P 1 , P 2 or P 3 does not mean or include, R 0 , R 00 is H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, R y and R z is H, F, CH3 or CF3, X 1 , X 2 , X 3 is -CO-O-, -O-CO- or a single bond, Z M1 -O-, -CO-, -C(R y R z )- or -CF2CF2-, Z M2 , Z M3 is -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CF2O-, -OCF2- or -(CH2) n where n is 2, 3 or 4; L is F, Cl, CN, or a linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 12 C atoms which may be monofluorinated or polyfluorinated; L', L" are H, F or Cl; k is 0 or 1; r is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; s is 0, 1, 2 or 3; t is 0, 1 or 2; x is 0 or 1.

[0480] Compounds of the formulae P2, P13 and P32, in particular those containing only two polymerizable groups P 1 and P 2 Highly preferred are bireactive compounds comprising:

[0481] Compounds selected from the formulae P17 to P31, in particular from the formulae P20, P22, P26, P29 and P31, in particular those containing only three polymerizable groups P 1 , P 2 and P 3 Further preferred are trireactive compounds comprising:

[0482] In the compounds of formulae P1 to P32, [ka]

[0483] In the formula, L has, identically or differently, one of the meanings given above and below at each occurrence, preferably F, Cl, CN, NO2, CH3, C2H5, C(CH3)3, CH(CH3)2, CH2CH(CH3)C2H5, CH=CH2, C(CH3)=CH2, SCH3, OCH3, OC2H5, COCH3, COC2H5, COOCH3, COOC2H5, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, OC2F5 or P-Sp-, very preferably F, Cl, CN, CH3, C2H5, CH=CH2, C(CH3)=CH2, SCH3, OCH3, COCH3, OCF3 or P-Sp-, more preferably F, Cl, CH3, CH=CH2, C(CH3)=CH2, SCH3, OCH3, COCH3 or OCF 3、 Most preferred is F, SCH3 or OCH3.

[0484] Preferred compounds of formulae P1 to P32 are 1 , P 2 and P 3 represents an acrylate, methacrylate, oxetane or epoxy group, very preferably an acrylate or methacrylate group, most preferably a methacrylate group.

[0485] Further preferred compounds of the formulae P1 to P32 are Sp 1 , Sp 2 and Sp 3 is a single bond.

[0486] Further preferred compounds of the formulae P1 to P32 are Sp 1 , Sp 2 and Sp 3 represents a single bond, and Sp 1 , Sp 2 and Sp 3 The other one is different from a single bond.

[0487] Further preferred compounds of the formulae P1 to P32 are those which contain a group Sp different from a single bond. 1 , Sp 2 and Sp 3 Ga-(CH2) s1 represents -X"-, where s1 is an integer from 1 to 6, preferably 2, 3, 4 or 5, and X" is a link to an adjacent benzene ring and is -O-, -O-CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-O- or a single bond.

[0488] Further preferred polymerizable compounds are selected from Table E below, in particular those of formula RM-1, RM-4, RM-8, RM-17, RM-19, RM-35, RM-37, RM-39, RM-40, RM-41, RM-48, RM-52, RM-54, RM-57, RM-58, RM-64, RM-74, RM-76, RM-88, RM-91, RM-102, RM-10 3, RM-109, RM-116, RM-117, RM-120, RM-121, RM-122, RM-139, RM-140, RM-142, RM-143, RM-145, RM-146, RM-147, RM-149, RM-156 to RM-163, RM-169, RM-170 and RM-171 to RM-183.

[0489] Particular preference is given to LC media which comprise one, two or three polymerisable compounds of the formula P.

[0490] Further preference is given to an LC medium which comprises two or more direactive polymerisable compounds of formula P, preferably selected from formulae P1 to P16 and P32, very preferably selected from formulae P2, P13 and P32.

[0491] Further preferred is an LC medium comprising one or more direactive polymerisable compounds of formula P, preferably selected from the formulae P1 to P16 and P32, very preferably from the formulae P2, P13 and P32, and one or more trireactive polymerisable compounds of formula P, preferably selected from the formulae P17 to P32, very preferably from the formulae P20, P22, P26, P29 and P31.

[0492] Further preferred is an LC medium comprising one or more polymerisable compounds of formula P, very preferably selected from formulae P2, P13, P22, P24, P27, P29, P31 and P32, in which at least one r is not 0 or at least one of s and t is not 0, and in which L is selected from the preferred groups indicated above, most preferably from F, OCH3 and SCH3.

[0493] Further preference is given to an LC medium comprising one or more polymerisable compounds, preferably selected from formula P, very preferably from formulae P1 to P32, and exhibiting absorption in the wavelength range from 320 to 380 nm.

[0494] Particular preference is given to LC media which comprise one, two or three polymerisable compounds of the formula P or selected from the formulae P1 to P32.

[0495] For use in PSA displays, the total proportion of polymerizable compounds such as those of formulae P or P1 to P32 in the LC medium is preferably 0.01 to 2.0%, very preferably 0.1 to 1.0%, most preferably 0.2 to 0.8%.

[0496] For use in SA-VA displays, the total proportion of polymerizable compounds such as those of formulae P or P1 to P32 in the LC medium is preferably from >0 to <3%, very preferably from >0 to <2%, more preferably from 0.05 to 2.0, most preferably from 0.05 to 1.0%.

[0497] To produce a PSA display, polymerizable compounds contained in the LC medium are polymerized or crosslinked (if a compound contains more than one polymerizable group) by in situ polymerization in the LC medium between the substrates of the LC display, optionally with application of a voltage to the electrodes.

[0498] The structure of the PSA display according to the invention corresponds to the usual structure of the PSA display as described in the prior art cited at the beginning. A structure without protrusions is preferred, in particular in which the electrode on the color filter side is not structured and only the electrode on the TFT side has slits. A particularly suitable and preferred electrode structure for PS-VA displays is described, for example, in US 2006 / 0066793 A1.

[0499] A preferred PSA type LC display of the present invention is a first substrate including pixel electrodes defining pixel areas, the pixel electrodes being connected to switch elements disposed in each pixel area and optionally having a micro-slit pattern, and optionally a first alignment layer disposed on the pixel electrodes; a second substrate including a common electrode layer, which may be disposed over the entire portion of the second substrate facing the first substrate, and an optional second alignment layer; an LC layer disposed between a first substrate and a second substrate, the LC medium layer comprising a polymerizable component comprising one or more compounds of formula R and a liquid crystal host comprising those described above and below, whereby the polymerizable component may be polymerized; Includes.

[0500] The first and / or second alignment layer controls the alignment direction of the LC molecules in the LC layer. For example, in a PS-VA display, the alignment layer is selected so that it directs the LC molecules into a homeotropic (or vertical) alignment (i.e. perpendicular to the surface) or tilted alignment. Such an alignment layer can, for example, comprise a polyimide, which may be rubbed or prepared by a photoalignment method.

[0501] The LC layer with the LC medium can be placed between the substrates of the display by methods commonly used in the manufacture of displays, e.g. the so-called one-drop-filling (ODF) method. The polymerizable components of the LC medium are then polymerized, e.g. by UV photopolymerization. The polymerization can be carried out in one step or in two or more steps.

[0502] PSA displays may contain further elements such as colour filters, black matrices, passivation layers, optical retardation layers, transistor elements for addressing individual pixels, all of which are known to those skilled in the art and can be used without the exercise of patentable skill.

[0503] The electrode structure can be designed by one skilled in the art according to the type of individual display, for example, electrodes with slits and / or ridges or protrusions can be provided to induce multi-domain alignment of LC molecules to generate two, four or more different tilt alignment directions for PS-VA displays.

[0504] Upon polymerization, the polymerizable compound forms a cross-linked polymer, which induces a certain pretilt of the LC molecules in the LC medium. Without wishing to be bound by a particular theory, it is believed that at least a portion of the cross-linked polymer formed by the polymerizable compound phase-separates or precipitates from the LC medium, forming a polymer layer on the substrate or electrodes or alignment layers provided thereon. Microscopy data (such as SEM and AFM) confirmed that at least a portion of the formed polymer accumulates at the LC / substrate interface.

[0505] The polymerization can be carried out in a single step, or it is also possible to first carry out the polymerization in a first step, optionally with the application of a voltage, to generate a pretilt angle, followed by a second polymerization step, without the application of a voltage, to polymerize or crosslink the compounds that did not react in the first step ("final cure").

[0506] Suitable and preferred polymerization methods are, for example, thermal or photopolymerization, preferably photopolymerization, especially UV-induced photopolymerization, which can be achieved by exposing the photopolymerizable compound to UV radiation.

[0507] One or more polymerization initiators can be added to the LC medium. Suitable conditions for polymerization and suitable types and amounts of initiators are known to the skilled artisan and described in the literature. For example, commercially available photoinitiators Irgacure 651®, Irgacure 184®, Irgacure 907®, Irgacure 369® or Darocure 1173® (Ciba) are suitable for free radical polymerization. When a polymerization initiator is used, the proportion of initiator is preferably 0.001 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.001 to 1% by weight.

[0508] The polymerizable compound according to the present invention is also suitable for polymerization without initiator, which entails particular advantages such as lower material costs and, in particular, less contamination of the LC medium by the residual amount of initiator or its degradation products.In this way, polymerization can also be carried out without adding initiator.Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the LC medium does not contain polymerization initiator.

[0509] The LC medium may also contain one or more stabilizers, for example to prevent undesired spontaneous polymerization of the RM during storage or transport. Suitable types and amounts of stabilizers are known to the skilled artisan and described in the literature. Commercially available stabilizers, for example from the Irganox® series (Ciba), such as Irganox® 1076, are particularly suitable. When using a stabilizer, the proportion of the stabilizer is preferably 10 to 500,000 ppm, particularly preferably 50 to 50,000 ppm, based on the total amount of the RM or polymerizable component (component P).

[0510] The polymerizable compounds of formula P show particularly good UV absorption and are therefore particularly suitable for a method of preparing a PSA display comprising one or more of the following features: exposing the polymerizable medium to UV light within the display in a two-step process including a first UV exposure step ("UV-1 step") to generate the tilt angle and a second UV exposure step ("UV-2 step") to complete the polymerization; The polymerizable medium is exposed in the display to UV light produced by energy-saving UV lamps (also known as "green UV lamps"). These lamps are characterized by a relatively low intensity (1 / 100 to 1 / 10 of conventional UV lamps) in the absorption spectrum from 300 to 380 nm and are preferably used in the UV2 process, but can also be used in the UV1 process if high intensities must be avoided; To avoid exposure to short wavelength UV light in the PS-VA process, the polymerizable medium is exposed in the display to UV light produced by a UV lamp with an emission spectrum shifted to longer wavelengths (preferably 340 nm or longer).

[0511] Either by using lower intensity or by shifting to longer wavelength UV, the organic layers are protected from damage that can be caused by UV light.

[0512] Preferred embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for preparing a PSA display as described above and below, comprising one or more of the following features: · exposing the polymerizable LC medium to UV light in two steps, including a first UV exposure step ("UV-1 step") to generate the tilt angle and a second UV exposure step ("UV-2 step") to complete the polymerization; The polymerizable LC medium is illuminated at 0.5 mW / cm within the wavelength range of 300-380 nm. 2 ~10mW / cm 2 (preferably, this UV lamp is used in the UV2 step, and optionally also in the UV1 step); The polymerizable LC medium is exposed to UV light having a wavelength of 340 nm or more and preferably 400 nm or less.

[0513] This preferred method can be carried out, for example, by using a desired UV lamp, or by using a bandpass filter and / or a cutoff filter that substantially transmits UV light having a desired wavelength and substantially blocks light having an undesired wavelength. For example, if irradiation with UV light having a wavelength λ of 300 to 400 nm is desired, UV exposure can be carried out using a wide bandpass filter that substantially transmits wavelengths λ of more than 300 nm and less than 400 nm. If irradiation with UV light having a wavelength λ of more than 340 nm is desired, UV exposure can be carried out using a cutoff filter that substantially transmits wavelengths λ of more than 340 nm.

[0514] "Substantially transmit" means that the filter transmits a majority of incident light of a desired wavelength, preferably at least 50% intensity. "Substantially block" means that the filter does not transmit a majority of incident light of undesired wavelengths, preferably at least 50% intensity. "Desired (undesired) wavelength" means, for example, in the case of a bandpass filter, wavelengths within (outside) a given range of λ, and in the case of a cutoff filter, wavelengths above (below) a given value of λ.

[0515] This preferred method allows for the manufacture of displays using longer wavelength UV, thereby reducing or avoiding the deleterious and damaging effects of the shorter wavelength components of UV light.

[0516] The UV irradiation energy is generally 6 to 100 J, depending on the conditions of the manufacturing process.

[0517] Preferably, the LC medium according to the invention consists essentially of a polymerizable component P) comprising a polymerizable compound of formula R as described above and below or one or more polymerizable compounds of formula P, an LC host mixture and an optically active component comprising one or more chiral dopants. However, the LC medium may additionally comprise one or more further components or additives, preferably selected from the following list without limitation: comonomers, chiral dopants, polymerization initiators, inhibitors, stabilizers, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricants, dispersants, hydrophobizing agents, adhesives, flow improvers, antifoaming agents, degassing agents, diluents, reactive diluents, auxiliaries, colorants, dyes, pigments and nanoparticles.

[0518] Particular preference is given to LC media which comprise one, two or three polymerisable compounds of the formula P.

[0519] Preferably the proportion of compounds of formula P in the LC medium is from >0% to <5%, very preferably from >0% to <1%, most preferably from 0.01 to 0.5%.

[0520] In one embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more chiral dopants. -1 ~150μm -1 in the range of 10 μm -1 ~100μm -1The absolute value of the helical twisting power (HTP) in the range of 0.1 to 0.5. If the medium comprises two or more chiral dopants, they may have opposite signs of their HTP values. This condition is preferred for some specific embodiments, since it allows to compensate to some extent the chirality of each compound, which can then be used to compensate for the various temperature-dependent properties of the medium obtained in the device. However, it is generally preferred that the majority, preferably all, of the chiral compounds present in the medium according to the invention have the same sign of their HTP values.

[0521] Preferably, the chiral dopants present in the media according to the present application are mesogenic compounds, most preferably they alone exhibit a mesophase.

[0522] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium comprises two or more chiral compounds that all have the same algebraic sign of the HTP.

[0523] The temperature dependence of the HTP of individual compounds may be high or low. The temperature dependence of the pitch of the medium can be compensated for by mixing compounds with different temperature dependences of their HTP in corresponding ratios.

[0524] For optically active components, a large number of chiral dopants, some of which are commercially available, are available to the skilled person, such as, for example, cholesteryl nonanoate, R- and S-811, R- and S-1011, R- and S-2011, R- and S-3011, R- and S-4011, or CB15 (all from Merck, Darmstadt).

[0525] Particularly suitable dopants are compounds which contain one or more chiral groups and one or more mesogenic groups or one or more aromatic or alicyclic groups which together with the chiral group form a mesogenic group.

[0526] Suitable chiral groups are, for example, mono- or polyvalent chiral groups selected from the group consisting of chiral branched hydrocarbon groups, chiral ethanediols, binaphthols or dioxolanes, also sugar derivatives, sugar alcohols, sugar acids, lactic acid, chiral substituted glycols, steroid derivatives, terpene derivatives, amino acids or sequences of several, preferably 1 to 5, amino acids.

[0527] Preferred chiral groups are sugar derivatives, such as glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, arabinose and dextrose; sugar alcohols, such as sorbitol, mannitol, iditol, galactitol or their anhydro derivatives, in particular dianhydrohexitols, such as dianhydrosorbide (1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-sorbide, isosorbide), dianhydromannitol (isosorbitol) or dianhydroiditol (isoiditol); sugar acids, such as gluconic acid, gulonic acid and ketogulonic acid; chiral substituted glycol groups. , such as mono- or oligoethylene or propylene glycols in which one or more CH2 groups are substituted by alkyl or alkoxy; amino acids, such as alanine, valine, phenylglycine or phenylalanine, or a sequence of 1 to 5 of these amino acids; steroid derivatives, such as cholesteryl or cholic acid groups; terpene derivatives, such as menthyl, neomenthyl, campheyl, pineyl, terpineyl, isolongifolyl, fenchyl, careyl, myrtenyl, nopyr, geranyl, linaloyl, neryl, citronellyl or dihydrocitronellyl.

[0528] The medium according to the present invention preferably comprises a chiral dopant selected from the group of known chiral dopants.Suitable chiral groups and mesogenic chiral compounds are described, for example, in German Patent No. 3425503, German Patent No. 3534777, German Patent No. 3534778, German Patent No. 3534779 and German Patent No. 3534780, German Patent No. 4342280, European Patent No. 01038941 and German Patent No. 19541820.Also examples are the compounds listed in table F below.

[0529] Chiral compounds preferably used according to the present invention are selected from the group consisting of the formulae shown below:

[0530] Particularly preferred are chiral dopants selected from the group consisting of the compounds of the following formulae AI to A-III and A-Ch:

[0531] [ka]

[0532] During the ceremony, R a11 , R a12 and R b12 represent, independently of one another, alkyl having 1 to 15 C atoms, where furthermore, one or more non-adjacent CH groups may be independently -C(R z )=C(R z )-, -C≡C-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO- or -O-CO-O-, wherein further one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I or CN; Preferably, R represents alkyl, more preferably n-alkyl, provided that R a12 is R b12 Unlike, R a21 and R a22represent, independently of one another, alkyl having 1 to 15 C atoms, where furthermore, one or more non-adjacent CH groups may be independently -C(R z )=C(R z )-, -C≡C-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO- or -O-CO-O-, wherein further one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I or CN; Preferably, both represent alkyl, more preferably n-alkyl; R a31 , R a32 and R b32 represent, independently of one another, a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 15 C atoms, where furthermore, one or more non-adjacent CH groups may be joined independently of one another by -C(R z )=C(R z )-, -C≡C-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO- or -O-CO-O-, wherein further one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I or CN; Preferably, R represents alkyl, more preferably n-alkyl, provided that R a32 is R b32 Unlike, R z represents H, CH3, F, Cl or CN, preferably H or F, R 8 is given by R a11 preferably alkyl having 1 to 15 C atoms, more preferably n-alkyl, Z 8 represents -C(O)O-, -CHO-, -CFO- or a single bond, preferably -C(O)O-, A 11 A below 12 or [ka] represents A 12 teeth, [ka] Preferably [ka] represents During the ceremony, L 12 represent, independently of one another at each occurrence, halogen, CN or alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy or alkenyloxy having up to 12 C atoms, with the proviso that one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen, preferably methyl, ethyl, Cl or F, particularly preferably F. A 21 teeth, [ka] represents A 22 A 12 has the meaning given to A 31 A 11 or [ka] represents A 32 A 12 has the meaning given to n2 is, identically or differently, 0, 1 or 2 in each occurrence; n3 is 1, 2 or 3, and r is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0533] Particularly preferred are dopants selected from the group consisting of compounds of the following formulae:

[0534] [ka]

[0535] [ka]

[0536] During the ceremony, m is, identically or differently, an integer from 1 to 9 in each occurrence; and n is the same or different in each occurrence and is an integer from 2 to 9.

[0537] A particularly preferred compound of formula A is the compound of formula A-III.

[0538] Further preferred dopants are derivatives of isosorbide, isomannitol or isoiditol of formula A-IV below.

[0539] [ka]

[0540] In the formula, the group [ka] teeth, [ka] and preferably dianhydrosorbitol.

[0541] and chiral ethanediols, such as diphenylethanediol (hydrobenzoin), in particular the mesogenic hydrobenzoin derivatives of formula AV below, including the (S,S) enantiomer not shown.

[0542] [ka]

[0543] During the ceremony, [ka] 1,4-phenylene or 1,4-cyclohexylene, each of which may be mono-, di- or trisubstituted by L; L is H, F, Cl, CN, or optionally halogenated alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 7 carbon atoms; c is 0 or 1; X is CH2 or -C(O)-; Z 0 is -COO-, -OCO-, -CH2CH2- or a single bond, and R 0 is alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or alkylcarbonyloxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

[0544] An example of a compound of formula IV.

[0545] [ka]

[0546] [ka]

[0547] Compounds of formula A-IV are described in WO 98 / 00428. Compounds of formula AV are described in GB 2,328,207.

[0548] Very particularly preferred dopants are the chiral binaphthyl derivatives described in WO 02 / 94805, the chiral binaphthol acetal derivatives described in WO 02 / 34739, the chiral TADDOL derivatives described in WO 02 / 06265, and the chiral dopants having at least one fluorinated bridging group and a terminal or central chiral group described in WO 02 / 06196 and WO 02 / 06195.

[0549] Particularly preferred are chiral compounds of formula A-VI.

[0550] [ka]

[0551] During the ceremony, X 1 , X 2 , Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently of one another F, Cl, Br, I, CN, SCN, SF5, linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, which may be mono- or polysubstituted with F, Cl, Br, I or CN, in which, furthermore, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are each independently of one another -O-, -S-, -NH-, NR 0 -, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -OCOO-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -CH=CH- or -C≡C-), a polymerizable group or a cycloalkyl or aryl having up to 20 carbon atoms, which may be optionally mono- or polysubstituted by halogen, preferably F, or by polymerizable groups, x 1 and x 2 are each independently 0, 1 or 2; y 1 and y 2 are each independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; B 1 and B. 2 are each independently an aromatic or partially saturated or fully saturated aliphatic 6-membered ring, in which one or more CH groups are each optionally replaced by an N atom and one or more non-adjacent CH groups are each optionally replaced by O and / or S, W 1 and W 2 are each independently -Z 1 -A 1 -(Z2 -A 2 ) m -R, or one of the two is R 1 Or A 3 but not both at the same time H, or [ka] teeth, [ka] and U 1 and U 2 are each independently CH2, O, S, CO or CS, V 1 and V 2 are each independently (CH2) n wherein 1 to 4 non-adjacent CH groups are each optionally replaced by O or S or are a single bond; n is 1, 2 or 3; Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-COO-, -CO-NR 0 -, -NR 0 -CO-, -O-CH2-, -CH2-O-, -S-CH2-, -CH2-S-, -CF2-O-, -O-CF2-, -CF2-S-, -S-CF2-, -CH2-CH2-, -CF2-CH2-, -CH2-CF2-, -CF2-CF2-, -CH=N-, -N=CH-, -N=N-, -CH=CH-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CF-, -C≡C-, a combination of two of these groups (wherein two O and / or S and / or N atoms are not directly bonded to each other), (preferably -CH=CH-COO-, or -COO-CH=CH-), or a single bond, R x represents alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, A 1 , A 2 and A 3are each independently 1,4-phenylene in which one or two non-adjacent CH groups may be replaced by N, 1,4-cyclohexylene in which one or two non-adjacent CH groups may be replaced by O and / or S, 1,3-dioxolane-4,5-diyl, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene, piperidine-1,4-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl (each of these groups may be mono- or polysubstituted by L), and A 1 can be a single bond, L is a halogen atom, preferably F, CN, NO2, alkyl having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl or alkoxycarbonyloxy (wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl); m is independently in each occurrence 0, 1, 2, or 3; and R and R 1 are each independently H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, SCN, SF5, linear or branched alkyl having 1 or 3 to 25 carbon atoms, which may be mono- or polysubstituted by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, and one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be -O-, -S-, -NH-, -NR2-, -NR1-, -NR2-, -NR3-, -NR4-, -NR5-, -NR6-, -NR7-, -NR8-, -NR9-, -NR10-, -NR11-, -NR12-, -NR13-, -NR14-, -NR15-, -NR16-, -NR17-, -NR18-, -NR19-, -NR20-, -NR21-, -NR22-, -NR23-, -NR24-, -NR25-, -NR36-, -NR37-, -NR38-, -NR39-, -NR40-, -NR41-, -NR52-, -NR36-, -NR42-, -NR53- 0 -, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-COO-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -CH=CH- or -C≡C-), or a polymerizable group.

[0552] Particularly preferred are chiral binaphthyl derivatives of formula A-VI-1.

[0553] [ka]

[0554] In the formula, rings B, R 0 and Z0 is as defined in Formulae A-IV and AV, and b is 0, 1, or 2.

[0555] In particular, they are selected from the following formulae A-VI-1a to A-VI-1c:

[0556] [ka]

[0557] In the formula, R 0 and Z 0 is as defined in formula A-VI-1, and R 0 is as defined in formula A-IV, or is H or alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; b is 0, 1 or 2, and Z 0 is in particular -OC(O)- or a single bond.

[0558] The concentration of one or more chiral dopants (one or more) in the LC medium is preferably in the range of 0.001% to 20%, preferably 0.05% to 5%, more preferably 0.1% to 2%, most preferably 0.5% to 1.5%. These preferred concentration ranges apply in particular to the chiral dopants S-4011 or R-4011 (both from Merck) and chiral dopants with the same or similar HTP. For chiral dopants with higher or lower absolute values ​​of HTP compared to S-4011, these preferred concentrations must be proportionally decreased or increased, respectively, according to the ratio of their HTP values ​​to the HTP value of S-4011.

[0559] The pitch p of the LC media or host mixture according to the invention is preferably in the range from 5 to 50 μm, more preferably from 8 to 30 μm and particularly preferably from 10 to 20 μm.

[0560] The medium according to the invention preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula S in a total concentration in the range from 1000 ppm to 5000 ppm, more preferably from more than 1000 ppm to 5000 ppm, even more preferably from 1200 ppm to 4500 ppm, very preferably from 2000 ppm to 4000 ppm, in particular from 2500 to 3500 ppm.

[0561] The medium according to the present invention preferably has a negative dielectric anisotropy.

[0562] Preferred embodiments, either alone or in combination with each other, are as follows (acronyms are explained in Table D):

[0563] The medium according to the invention is preferably

[0564] one or more compounds of formula I in a total concentration in the range of more than 0% to 20%, preferably 1% to 17%, more preferably 2% to 15%, very preferably 3% to 13%;

[0565] one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and IID in a total concentration in the range of 20% to 70%, more preferably 25% to 65%, very preferably 30% to 60%, in particular 35% to 50%;

[0566] one or more compounds of formula I and one or more compounds of formula IID, preferably IID-1, in a total concentration in the range of 20% to 45%, more preferably 22% to 42%, very preferably 24% to 40%, in particular 25% to 38%;

[0567] one or more compounds of formula I and one or more compounds of formula IID-7, preferably in a total concentration in the range of 3% to 30%, more preferably 5% to 25%, very preferably 7% to 20%, in particular 10% to 18%;

[0568] one or more compounds of formula I and one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and IID in a total concentration in the range of 25% to 72%, more preferably 35% to 65%, very preferably 40% to 62%, in particular 45% to 58%;

[0569] one or more compounds of formula I and one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and IID and additionally one or more compounds of formula III in a total concentration in the range of 26% to 72%, more preferably 35% to 65%, very preferably 40% to 62%, in particular 45% to 60%;

[0570] one or more compounds of formula IIA, preferably selected from the group of formulae IIA-Y6a, IIA-2 and IIA-10, in a total concentration in the range of 3% to 30%, more preferably 8% to 25%, very preferably 9% to 23%;

[0571] one or more compounds of formula I and IIA-18 in a total concentration of 1% to 30%, preferably 2% to 27%, more preferably 5% to 25%, very preferably 10% to 20%;

[0572] one or more compounds of formula I and IIA-40 and / or IIA-42, preferably in a total concentration in the range of 3% to 40%, more preferably 15% to 30%, very preferably 18% to 26%;

[0573] one or more compounds of formula IIB, preferably of formula IIB-2 and / or IIB-10, very preferably IIB-10, in a total concentration in the range of more than 0% to 15%, more preferably 0.5% to 12%, very preferably 1% to 10%, in particular 1% to 8%;

[0574] one or more compounds of formula IIC in a total concentration in the range of 0.5% to 10%, more preferably 2% to 8%, very preferably 2% to 5%;

[0575] one or more compounds of formula IID, preferably IID-1, preferably in a total concentration in the range of 5% to 35%, more preferably 10% to 30%, very preferably 12% to 27%;

[0576] one or more compounds of formula III, preferably of formulae III-1 and / or III-2 and / or III-3, more preferably of formulae III-2 and / or III-3, even more preferably of formulae III-2-6 and / or III-3, preferably in a total concentration in the range of 0.5% to 20%, more preferably of 5% to 17%, very preferably of 7% to 15%;

[0577] or a compound of formula III-2-6 at a total concentration of 0.5% to 5%;

[0578] one or more compounds of formulae I and IID-1 and III-2, preferably in a total concentration in the range of 20% to 65%, more preferably 25% to 60%, very preferably 30% to 50%;

[0579] one or more compounds of formulae I and IID-1 and III-2 and III-3, preferably in a total concentration in the range of 20% to 70%, more preferably 25% to 65%, very preferably 30% to 55%;

[0580] one or more compounds of formula IV and optionally one or more compounds of formula IVa, preferably in a total concentration in the range of 28% to 70%, more preferably 18% to 55%, even more preferably 22% to 48%, very preferably 26% to 42%, in particular 30% to 38%;

[0581] one or more compounds of formula IV and optionally one or more compounds of formula IVa, preferably in a total concentration ranging from 28% to 70%, more preferably from 18% to 55%, even more preferably from 22% to 48%, very preferably from 26% to 42%, in particular from 30% to 38%, with the proviso that the medium comprises a compound of formula IV-3-1a in an amount of not more than 29%, with the proviso that the medium further comprises one or more compounds of formula IV-1, preferably selected from compounds IV-1-1, IV-1-4 and IV-1-5;

[0582] one or more compounds of formula IV-1, preferably in a total concentration in the range of 2% to 30%, more preferably 6% to 25%, even more preferably 8% to 22%, very preferably 10% to 20%;

[0583] one or more compounds of formula IV-2, preferably at a total concentration in the range of 0.2% to 5%, more preferably 0.5% to 3%, even more preferably 1% to 2%;

[0584] one or more compounds of formula IV-3, preferably selected from formulae IV-3-1 and / or IV-3-2, preferably in a total concentration in the range of 25% to 55%, more preferably 28% to 50%, even more preferably 32% to 47%, very preferably 38% to 45%;

[0585] Compound IV-3-2b;

[0586] compound IV-3-2a in a concentration of 1-15%, preferably 2%-10%;

[0587] one or more compounds of formula IVa, preferably IVa-2, in a total concentration in the range of 1% to 20%, more preferably 4% to 18%, even more preferably 6% to 16%, very preferably 8% to 15%;

[0588] one or more compounds of formula IVb-1-1;

[0589] one or more compounds of formula IV-1 and optionally one or more compounds of formula IVa-2 and one or more compounds of formula IV-3 in a total concentration in the range of 20% to 50%, more preferably 25% to 45%, even more preferably 28% to 40%, very preferably 30% to 37%;

[0590] one or more compounds of formula V, preferably of formula V-5 and / or V-6 and / or V-8, in a total concentration in the range of 3% to 15%, more preferably 4% to 14%, even more preferably 5% to 13%, very preferably 6% to 12%;

[0591] one or more compounds of formula VI-2, preferably PPY-n-Om;

[0592] one or more compounds of formula VIII selected from compounds of formulae VIII-3a and VIII-2b, preferably in a total concentration of 1% to 12%, more preferably 2% to 10%;

[0593] one or more compounds of formula CL in a total concentration in the range of 1-15%, preferably 2-10%;

[0594] one or more compounds of the formula PII-2c-3, in particular R 3 Compound PII-2c-3 (CCG-VF) in which represents vinyl;

[0595] The compound of formula PII-2m-1 include.

[0596] Media comprising one or more compounds of formulae I-2 and IIA-2 and IIA-10 and IIB-2 and IIB-10 are particularly preferred and have the advantage of high LTS.

[0597] In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises compound IV-3-1a (CC-3-V) at a concentration of 10% or more, more preferably 20% or more, very preferably 30% or more.

[0598] In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises compound IV-3-1a (CC-3-V) at a concentration of 9% or less, more preferably 19% or less, and very preferably 29% or less.

[0599] Preferably, the medium according to the invention comprises a stabilizer, more preferably two or more stabilizers, very preferably three or more stabilizers, said stabilizers being preferably selected from the compounds of formulae ST-1 to ST-18 and S.

[0600] Preferably the medium according to the invention comprises one or more, more preferably two or more reactive mesogens of formula P, even more preferably from the sub-formulae listed in table E below.

[0601] Very preferably, the medium comprises one, two or three, in particular two, compounds selected from the group consisting of the formulae RM-1, RM-17, RM-35, RM-64, RM-145, RM-163 and RM-171.

[0602] In another preferred embodiment the medium according to the invention comprises one or more reactive mesogens of formula P and a chiral dopant.

[0603] The liquid crystal media according to the invention advantageously have a nematic phase preferably at temperatures from -20°C to 70°C, particularly preferably from -30°C to 72°C and very particularly preferably from -40°C to 74°C.

[0604] In a first preferred embodiment the medium according to the invention has a clearing temperature of 70°C or more, preferably 72°C or more, more preferably 73°C or more, in particular 74°C or more.

[0605] The expression "having a nematic phase" means, on the one hand, that no smectic phases and no crystallization are observed below the corresponding temperature, and, on the other hand, that no clearing (transition to an isotropic phase) occurs upon heating of the nematic phase at a given temperature. The low-temperature studies are carried out with a flow viscometer at the corresponding temperature and are confirmed by storage for at least 100 hours in test cells with layer thicknesses corresponding to the electro-optical application. If the storage stability in test cells at a temperature of -20 ° C is more than 1000 hours, the medium is called stable at this temperature. For temperatures of -30 ° C and -40 ° C, the corresponding times are 500 hours and 250 hours, respectively. At higher temperatures, the clearing point is measured in a capillary tube in the conventional manner.

[0606] The liquid crystal mixture preferably has a maximum viscosity of 30 mm at 20° C. 2 ·Seconds -1 Flow viscosity ν 20 has.

[0607] The liquid crystal mixtures according to the invention are preferably nematic at temperatures below -20°C, preferably below -30°C, very preferably below -40°C.

[0608] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium has a birefringence of 0.1060 or less.

[0609] In a preferred embodiment of the invention the medium has a birefringence in the range of 0.085 to 0.120, more preferably 0.088 to 0.110, very preferably 0.090 to 0.108, especially 0.091 to 0.106.

[0610] In a preferred embodiment, the liquid crystal mixture according to the invention has a dielectric anisotropy Δε of −2.0 to −5.0, preferably −2.8 to −4.5, in particular −3.3 to −4.1.

[0611] The rotational viscosity γ1 at 20° C. is preferably 210 mPas or less.

[0612] The rotational viscosity γ1 at 20° C. is preferably within a range of 60 to 250 mPas, and more preferably 100 to 210 mPa·s.

[0613] The rotational viscosity γ1 at 20° C. is highly preferably in the range of 80 to 140 mPa·s, and more preferably in the range of 90 to 120 mPa·s.

[0614] In a preferred embodiment, the elastic constants K1 and K3 are preferably within the range of 17.0 to 25.0, more preferably 18.0 to 22.0, and particularly preferably 18.5 to 21.0.

[0615] In another preferred embodiment, the elastic constant K1 is preferably in the range of 22.0 to 29.0, more preferably 24.0 to 28.0, and particularly 25.0 to 27.0, and the elastic constant K3 is preferably in the range of 19.0 to 26.0, more preferably 21.0 to 23.0, and particularly 22.0 to 24.0.

[0616] In addition, the liquid-crystal media according to the invention have high values ​​of the voltage holding ratio in a liquid-crystal cell.

[0617] In general, liquid crystal media having a low addressing voltage or threshold voltage show a lower voltage holding ratio than those having a high addressing voltage or threshold voltage and vice versa.

[0618] In the present invention, the term "dielectrically positive compound" refers to a compound having a Δε greater than 1.5, the term "dielectrically neutral compound" refers to a Δε between -1.5 and 1.5, and the term "dielectrically negative compound" refers to a Δε smaller than -1.5. The dielectric anisotropy of the compound is determined by dissolving 10% of the compound in a liquid crystal host and measuring the capacitance of the resulting mixture at 1 kHz in at least one test cell with homeotropic and homogeneous surface alignment, respectively, with a layer thickness of 20 μm. The measuring voltage is typically between 0.5 V and 1.0 V, but always lower than the capacitance threshold of the respective liquid crystal mixture under consideration.

[0619] All temperature values ​​given in this invention are in °C.

[0620] The mixtures according to the invention are suitable for all VA-TFT applications, e.g. VAN, MVA, (S)-PVA, ASV, PSA (polymer sustained VA) and PS-VA (polymer stabilized VA). They are furthermore suitable for IPS (in-plane-switching) and FFS (fringe field switching) applications with negative Δε, in particular UB-FFS.

[0621] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the VA, IPS or FFS mixtures of the present invention may also contain compounds in which, for example, H, N, O, Cl and F are replaced by the corresponding isotopes.

[0622] The compounds according to the invention can be synthesized by known methods described in the literature (e.g. standard works such as Houben-Weyl, Methoden der Organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart) or in a similar manner under known reaction conditions suitable for said reactions. Also, per se known variations can be used here, although not mentioned here. In particular, they can be prepared as described in the following reaction schemes or in a similar manner. Further methods for preparing the compounds of the invention can be taken from the examples.

[0623] Other mesogenic compounds not explicitly mentioned above can also be advantageously used in the medium according to the invention, such compounds being known to those skilled in the art.

[0624] In the present invention and the following examples, the structures of liquid crystal compounds are represented by acronyms, and the conversion to chemical formulas is performed according to the following Tables A to C. m H2m+1 , C n H 2n+1 , and C l H 2l+1 or C m H 2m-1 , C n H 2n-1 andC l H 2l-1 is a linear alkyl or alkylene radical with in each case n, m and l C atoms. Preferably, n, m and l are each independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7. Table A gives the codes of the ring elements of the nucleus of the compounds, Table B lists the bridging units and Table C lists the meaning of the symbols of the left and rightmost groups of the molecules. The acronyms consist of the code of the ring element with an optional linking group followed by the first hyphen and the code of the leftmost group and the second hyphen and the code of the rightmost group. Table D gives examples of the structures of the compounds with their respective abbreviations.

[0625] <Table A: Ring elements>

[0626] [Table 1]

[0627] [Table 2]

[0628] [Table 3]

[0629] [Table 4]

[0630] <Table B: Cross-linking units>

[0631] [Table 5]

[0632] <Table C: Terminal group>

[0633] [Table 6]

[0634] [Table 7]

[0635] [Table 8]

[0636] In the table, n and m are each integers, and the three dots "..." are places for other abbreviations from this table.

[0637] Apart from the compounds of the formulae I, IIA, IIB, IIC and / or IID, IVa, IVb and V, the mixtures according to the invention preferably comprise one or more of the compounds mentioned below.

[0638] The following abbreviations are used: (n, m, k and l are each independently an integer, preferably 1 to 9, preferably 1 to 7, and k and l may be 0, preferably 0 to 4, more preferably 0 or 2, most preferably 2; n is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; in the combination "-nO-", it is preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4, more preferably 2 or 4; m is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; in the combination "-Om", it is preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4, more preferably 2 or 4. The combination "-lVm" is preferably "2V1".)

[0639]

[0640] [Table 9]

[0641]

Table 10

[0642]

Table 11

[0643]

Table 12

[0644]

Table 13

[0645]

Table 14

[0646]

Table 15

[0647]

Table 16

[0648]

Table 17

[0649]

Table 18

[0650]

Table 19

[0651]

Table 20

[0652]

Table 21

[0653]

Table 22

[0654]

Table 23

[0655]

Table 24

[0656]

Table 25

[0657]

Table 26

[0658]

Table 27

[0659]

Table 28

[0660]

Table 29

[0661]

Table 30

[0662] [Table 31]

[0663] [Table 32]

[0664] [Table 33]

[0665] Table E shows exemplary reactive mesogenic compounds which may be used in the LC media according to the present invention.

[0666] [Table 34]

[0667] [Table 35]

[0668] [Table 36]

[0669] [Table 37]

[0670] [Table 38]

[0671] [Table 39]

[0672]

Table 40

[0673]

Table 41

[0674]

Table 42

[0675]

Table 43

[0676]

Table 44

[0677]

Table 45

[0678]

Table 46

[0679]

Table 47

[0680]

Table 48

[0681]

Table 49

[0682]

Table 50

[0683] [Table 51]

[0684] [Table 52]

[0685] [Table 53]

[0686] [Table 54]

[0687] In a preferred embodiment, the mixture according to the invention comprises one or more polymerizable compounds, preferably selected from the polymerizable compounds of the formulae RM-1 to RM-182. Among these, the compounds RM-1, RM-4, RM-8, RM-17, RM-19, RM-35, RM-37, RM-39, RM-40, RM-41, RM-4 8, RM-52, RM-54, RM-57, RM-58, RM-64, RM-74, RM-76, RM-88, RM-91, RM-102, RM-103, RM- 109, RM-116, RM-117, RM-120, RM-121, RM-122, RM-139, RM-140, RM-142, RM-143, RM-145 , RM-146, RM-147, RM-149, RM-156 to RM-163, RM-169, RM-170 and RM-171 to RM-183 are particularly preferred. EXAMPLES

[0688] The invention will now be described in detail by the following non-limiting examples.

[0689] The following abbreviations and symbols are used: V0 is the capacitance threshold voltage at 20°C [V]. n e is the extraordinary refractive index at 20°C and 589 nm, n0 is the normal refractive index at 20°C and 589 nm; Δn is the optical anisotropy at 20 °C and 589 nm, ε ⊥ is the dielectric constant perpendicular to the director at 20°C and 1 kHz, ε ∥ is the dielectric constant parallel to the director at 20°C and 1 kHz, Δε is the dielectric anisotropy at 20°C and 1 kHz. cl.p., T(N,I) is the clearing point [℃], γ1 is the rotational viscosity at 20℃ [mPa s], K1 is the elastic constant for "splay" deformation at 20°C [pN], K2 is the elastic constant for "twist" deformation at 20°C [pN], K3 is the elastic constant for "bend" deformation at 20°C [pN].

[0690] Unless expressly stated otherwise, all concentrations in this application are quoted in weight percent and refer to the corresponding mixture as a whole of all solid or liquid crystal components, without solvent.

[0691] Unless explicitly stated otherwise, all temperature values ​​given in this application, such as the melting point T(C,N), the transition from the smectic (S) phase to the nematic (N) phase T(S,N) and the clearing point T(N,I), are quoted in degrees Celsius (°C). Mp is the melting point and cl.p. is the clearing point. Furthermore, C is the crystalline state, N is the nematic phase, S is the smectic phase and I is the isotropic phase. The data between these symbols represent the transition temperatures.

[0692] All physical properties are determined or have been determined according to "Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals", November 1997, Merck KGaA, Germany, and apply for a temperature of 20° C., with Δn being determined at 589 nm and Δε at 1 kHz, unless explicitly indicated otherwise in each case.

[0693] The term "threshold voltage" for the present invention, unless otherwise specified, relates to the capacitive threshold (V0), also known as the Freedericks threshold. Also, in the examples, and as is generally customary, the threshold voltage is set to 10% relative contrast (V 10 ) may also be indicated.

[0694] Unless stated otherwise, the process of polymerizing the polymerizable compounds in the PSA displays described above and below is carried out at a temperature at which the LC medium exhibits a liquid crystal phase, preferably a nematic phase, most preferably at room temperature.

[0695] Unless otherwise specified, the method for preparing the test cells and the method for measuring the electro-optical properties, etc. are carried out according to the method described below or a similar method.

[0696] The display used to measure the capacitive threshold voltage consists of two plane-parallel glass outer plates spaced 25 μm apart, each with an electrode layer on its inner side and an unrubbed polyimide alignment layer on top that provides homeotropic alignment of the liquid crystal molecules.

[0697] The display or test cell used to measure the tilt angle consists of two parallel outer glass plates spaced 4 μm apart, each with an electrode layer and a polyimide alignment layer on its inner side, the two polyimide layers being rubbed anti-parallel to each other to effect a homeotropic edge alignment of the liquid crystal molecules.

[0698] Polymerizable compounds can be polymerized in a display or test cell by irradiating the display with UV light of a defined intensity for a predefined time while simultaneously applying a voltage to the display (usually 10 V to 30 V AC, 1 kHz). In the examples, unless otherwise noted, polymerization is performed using fluorescent lamps and 0 to 20 mW / cm. 2 The intensity is measured using a standard meter (Ushio Accumulate UV meter, central wavelength 313 nm).

[0699] The transmittance measurements are performed in a test cell with a fishbone electrode layout (MEL, Japan, 1 pixel fishbone electrode (ITO, 10 × 10 mm, 3 μm line / 3 μm space fishbone angle 47.7°), 3.2 μm cell gap, AF glass, tilt angle 1°).

[0700] The storage stability (LTS) in bulk of the medium according to the invention at a given temperature T bulk ) is determined by visual inspection. 2 g of the medium in question are filled into a suitable sized closed glass container (bottle) and placed in a refrigerator at a given temperature. The bottles are checked at defined time intervals for the occurrence of smectic phases or crystallization. For each material and temperature, two bottles are stored. If crystallization or the appearance of smectic phases is observed in at least one of the two corresponding bottles, the test is terminated and the time of the last inspection before the occurrence of a higher order phase is observed is recorded as the respective storage stability.

[0701] <Mixture example> Mixture examples M1-M142, P1-P9, Ch1 and PCh1 have the compositions and physical properties shown in the table below.

[0702] <Mixture example M1>

[0703] [Table 55]

[0704] <Mixture Example M2>

[0705]

Table 56

[0706] <Mixture Example M3>

[0707]

Table 57

[0708] <Mixture Example M4>

[0709]

Table 58

[0710] <Mixture Example M5>

[0711]

Table 59

[0712] <Mixture Example M6>

[0713]

Table 60

[0714] <Mixture Example M7>

[0715]

Table 61

[0716] <Mixture Example M8>

[0717]

Table 62

[0718] <Mixture example M9>

[0719] [Table 63]

[0720] <Mixture example M10>

[0721] [Table 64]

[0722] <Mixture example M11>

[0723] [Table 65]

[0724] <Mixture example M12>

[0725] [Table 66]

[0726] <Mixture example M13>

[0727] [Table 67]

[0728] <Mixture example M14>

[0729] [Table 68]

[0730] <Mixture example M15> Example mixture M15 consists of 99.985% Example mixture M6 and 0.015% of compound ST-3a-1.

[0731] [ka]

[0732] <Mixture example M16>

[0733] [Table 69]

[0734] <Mixture example M17> Mixture Example M17 consists of 99.98% Mixture Example M1 and 0.02% of the compound of formula ST-12b-1.

[0735] [ka]

[0736] <Mixture example M18> Example Mixture M18 consists of 99.985% Example Mixture M1 and 0.015% of the compound of formula S1-1a.

[0737] [ka]

[0738] <Mixture example M19>

[0739] [Table 70]

[0740] Mixture example M19 contains 225 ppm of the compound of formula ST-19.

[0741] [ka]

[0742] <Mixture example M20>

[0743] [Table 71]

[0744] <Mixture Example M21>

[0745]

Table 72

[0746] <Mixture Example M22>

[0747]

Table 73

[0748] <Mixture Example M23>

[0749]

Table 74

[0750] <Mixture Example M24>

[0751]

Table 75

[0752] <Mixture Example M25>

[0753]

Table 76

[0754] <Mixture Example M26>

[0755]

Table 77

[0756] <Mixture Example M27>

[0757]

Table 78

[0758] <Mixture Example M28>

[0759]

Table 79

[0760] <Mixture Example M29>

[0761]

Table 80

[0762] <Mixture Example M30>

[0763]

Table 81

[0764] <Mixture Example M31>

[0765]

Table 82

[0766] <Mixture Example M32>

[0767]

Table 83

[0768] <Mixture Example M33>

[0769]

Table 84

[0770] <Mixture Example M34>

[0771]

Table 85

[0772] <Mixture Example M35>

[0773]

Table 86

[0774] <Mixture Example M36>

[0775]

Table 87

[0776] <Mixture Example M37>

[0777]

Table 88

[0778] <Mixture Example M38>

[0779]

Table 89

[0780] <Mixture Example M39>

[0781]

Table 90

[0782] <Mixture Example M40>

[0783]

Table 91

[0784] <Mixture Example M41>

[0785]

Table 92

[0786] <Mixture Example M42>

[0787]

Table 93

[0788] <Mixture Example M43>

[0789]

Table 94

[0790] <Mixture Example M44>

[0791]

Table 95

[0792] <Mixture Example M45>

[0793]

Table 96

[0794] <Mixture Example M46>

[0795]

Table 97

[0796] <Mixture Example M47>

[0797]

Table 98

[0798] <Mixture Example M48>

[0799]

Table 99

[0800] <Mixture Example M49>

[0801]

Table 100

[0802] <Mixture Example M50>

[0803]

Table 101

[0804] <Mixture Example M51>

[0805]

Table 102

[0806] <Mixture Example M52>

[0807]

Table 103

[0808] <Mixture Example M53>

[0809]

Table 104

[0810] <Mixture Example M54>

[0811]

Table 105

[0812] <Mixture Example M55>

[0813]

Table 106

[0814] <Mixture Example M56>

[0815]

Table 107

[0816] <Mixture Example M57>

[0817]

Table 108

[0818] <Mixture Example M58>

[0819]

Table 109

[0820] <Mixture Example M59>

[0821]

Table 110

[0822] <Mixture Example M60>

[0823]

Table 111

[0824] <Mixture Example M61>

[0825]

Table 112

[0826] <Mixture Example M62>

[0827]

Table 113

[0828] <Mixture Example M63>

[0829]

Table 114

[0830] <Mixture Example M64>

[0831]

Table 115

[0832] <Mixture Example M65>

[0833]

Table 116

[0834] <Mixture Example M66>

[0835]

Table 117

[0836] <Mixture Example M67>

[0837]

Table 118

[0838] <Mixture Example M68>

[0839]

Table 119

[0840] <Mixture Example M69>

[0841]

Table 120

[0842] <Mixture Example M70>

[0843]

Table 121

[0844] <Mixture Example M71>

[0845]

Table 122

[0846] <Mixture Example M72>

[0847]

Table 123

[0848] <Mixture Example M73>

[0849]

Table 124

[0850] <Mixture Example M74>

[0851]

Table 125

[0852] <Mixture Example M75>

[0853]

Table 126

[0854] <Mixture Example M76>

[0855]

Table 127

[0856] <Mixture Example M77>

[0857]

Table 128

[0858] <Mixture Example M78>

[0859]

Table 129

[0860] <Mixture Example M79>

[0861]

Table 130

[0862] <Mixture Example M80>

[0863]

Table 131

[0864] <Mixture Example M81>

[0865]

Table 132

[0866] <Mixture Example M82>

[0867]

Table 133

[0868] <Mixture Example M83>

[0869]

Table 134

[0870] <Mixture Example M84>

[0871]

Table 135

[0872] <Mixture Example M85>

[0873]

Table 136

[0874] <Mixture Example M86>

[0875]

Table 137

[0876] <Mixture Example M87>

[0877]

Table 138

[0878] <Mixture Example M88>

[0879]

Table 139

[0880] <Mixture Example M89>

[0881]

Table 140

[0882] <Mixture Example M90>

[0883]

Table 141

[0884] <Mixture Example M91>

[0885]

Table 142

[0886] <Mixture Example M92>

[0887]

Table 143

[0888] <Mixture Example M93>

[0889]

Table 144

[0890] <Mixture Example M94>

[0891]

Table 145

[0892] <Mixture Example M95>

[0893]

Table 146

[0894] <Mixture Example M96>

[0895]

Table 147

[0896] <Mixture Example M97>

[0897]

Table 148

[0898] <Mixture Example M98>

[0899]

Table 149

[0900] <Mixture example M99>

[0901]

Table 150

[0902] <Mixture Example M100>

[0903]

Table 151

[0904] <Mixture Example M101>

[0905]

Table 152

[0906] <Mixture Example M102>

[0907]

Table 153

[0908] <Mixture Example M104>

[0909]

Table 154

[0910] <Mixture Example M105>

[0911]

Table 155

[0912] <Mixture Example M106>

[0913]

Table 156

[0914] <Mixture Example M107>

[0915]

Table 157

[0916] <Mixture Example M108>

[0917]

Table 158

[0918] <Mixture Example M109>

[0919]

Table 159

[0920] <Mixture Example M110>

[0921]

Table 160

[0922] <Mixture Example M111>

[0923]

Table 161

[0924] <Mixture Example M112>

[0925]

Table 162

[0926] <Mixture Example M113>

[0927]

Table 163

[0928] <Mixture Example M114>

[0929]

Table 164

[0930] <Mixture Example M115>

[0931]

Table 165

[0932] <Mixture Example M116>

[0933]

Table 166

[0934] <Mixture Example M117>

[0935]

Table 167

[0936] <Mixture Example M118>

[0937]

Table 168

[0938] <Mixture Example M119>

[0939]

Table 169

[0940] <Mixture Example M120>

[0941]

Table 170

[0942] <Mixture Example M121>

[0943]

Table 171

[0944] <Mixture Example M122>

[0945]

Table 172

[0946] <Mixture Example M123>

[0947]

Table 173

[0948] <Mixture Example M124>

[0949]

Table 174

[0950] <Mixture Example M125>

[0951]

Table 175

[0952] <Mixture Example M126>

[0953]

Table 176

[0954] <Mixture Example M127>

[0955]

Table 177

[0956] <Mixture Example M128>

[0957]

Table 178

[0958] <Mixture Example M129>

[0959]

Table 179

[0960] <Mixture Example M130>

[0961]

Table 180

[0962] <Mixture Example M131>

[0963]

Table 181

[0964] <Mixture Example M132>

[0965]

Table 182

[0966] <Mixture Example M133>

[0967]

Table 183

[0968] <Mixture Example M134>

[0969]

Table 184

[0970] <Mixture Example M135>

[0971]

Table 185

[0972] <Mixture Example M136>

[0973]

Table 186

[0974] <Mixture Example M137>

[0975]

Table 187

[0976] <Mixture Example M138>

[0977]

Table 188

[0978] <Mixture Example M139>

[0979]

Table 189

[0980] <Mixture Example M140>

[0981]

Table 190

[0982] <Mixture Example M141>

[0983]

Table 191

[0984] <Mixture Example M142>

[0985]

Table 192

[0986] <Mixture Example M143>

[0987]

Table 193

[0988] <Mixture Example M144>

[0989]

Table 194

[0990] <Mixture Example M145>

[0991]

Table 195

[0992] <Mixture Example M146>

[0993]

Table 196

[0994] <Mixture Example M147>

[0995]

Table 197

[0996] <Mixture Example M148>

[0997]

Table 198

[0998] <Mixture Example M149>

[0999]

Table 199

[1000] <Mixture Example M149>

[1001]

Table 200

[1002] <Mixture Example M150>

[1003]

Table 201

[1004] <Mixture Example M151>

[1005]

Table 202

[1006] <Mixture Example M152>

[1007]

Table 203

[1008] <Mixture Example M153>

[1009]

Table 204

[1010] <Mixture Example M154>

[1011]

Table 205

[1012] <Mixture Example M155>

[1013]

Table 206

[1014] <Mixture Example M156>

[1015]

Table 207

[1016] <Mixture Example M157>

[1017]

Table 208

[1018] <Mixture Example M158>

[1019]

Table 209

[1020] <Mixture Example M159>

[1021]

Table 210

[1022] <Mixture Example M160>

[1023]

Table 211

[1024] <Mixture Example M161>

[1025]

Table 212

[1026] <Mixture Example M162>

[1027]

Table 213

[1028] <Mixture Example M163>

[1029]

Table 214

[1030] <Mixture Example M164>

[1031]

Table 215

[1032] <Mixture Example M165>

[1033]

Table 216

[1034] <Mixture Example M166>

[1035]

Table 217

[1036] <Mixture Example M167>

[1037]

Table 218

[1038] <Mixture Example M168>

[1039]

Table 219

[1040] <Mixture Example M169>

[1041]

Table 220

[1042] <Mixture Example M170>

[1043]

Table 221

[1044] <Mixture Example M171>

[1045]

Table 222

[1046] <Mixture Example M172>

[1047]

Table 223

[1048] <Mixture Example M173>

[1049]

Table 224

[1050] <Mixture Example M174>

[1051]

Table 225

[1052] <Mixture Example M175>

[1053]

Table 226

[1054] <Mixture Example M176>

[1055]

Table 227

[1056] <Mixture Example M177>

[1057]

Table 228

[1058] <Mixture Example M178>

[1059]

Table 229

[1060] <Mixture Example M179>

[1061]

Table 230

[1062] <Mixture Example M180>

[1063]

Table 231

[1064] <Mixture Example M181>

[1065]

Table 232

[1066] <Mixture Example M182>

[1067]

Table 233

[1068] <Mixture Example M183>

[1069]

Table 234

[1070] <Mixture Example M184>

[1071]

Table 235

[1072] <Mixture Example M185>

[1073]

Table 236

[1074] <Mixture Example M186>

[1075]

Table 237

[1076] <Mixture Example M187>

[1077]

Table 238

[1078] <Mixture Example M188>

[1079]

Table 239

[1080] <Mixture Example M189>

[1081]

Table 240

[1082] <Mixture Example M190>

[1083]

Table 241

[1084] <Mixture Example M191>

[1085]

Table 242

[1086] <Mixture Example M192>

[1087]

Table 243

[1088] <Mixture Example M193>

[1089]

Table 244

[1090] <Mixture Example M194>

[1091]

Table 245

[1092] <Mixture Example M195>

[1093]

Table 246

[1094] <Mixture Example M196>

[1095]

Table 247

[1096] <Mixture Example M197>

[1097]

Table 248

[1098] <Mixture Example M198>

[1099]

Table 249

[1100] <Mixture Example M199>

[1101]

Table 250

[1102] <Mixture Example M200>

[1103]

Table 251

[1104] <Mixture Example M201>

[1105]

Table 252

[1106] <Mixture Example M202>

[1107]

Table 253

[1108] <Mixture Example M203>

[1109]

Table 254

[1110] <Mixture Example M204>

[1111]

Table 255

[1112] <Mixture Example M205>

[1113]

Table 256

[1114] <Mixture Example M206>

[1115]

Table 257

[1116] <Mixture Example M207>

[1117]

Table 258

[1118] <Mixture Example M208>

[1119]

Table 259

[1120] <Mixture Example M209>

[1121]

Table 260

[1122] <Mixture Example M210>

[1123]

Table 261

[1124] <Mixture Example M211>

[1125]

Table 262

[1126] <Mixture Example M212>

[1127]

Table 263

[1128] <Mixture Example M213>

[1129]

Table 264

[1130] <Mixture Example M214>

[1131]

Table 265

[1132] <Mixture Example M215>

[1133]

Table 266

[1134] <Mixture Example M216>

[1135]

Table 267

[1136] <Mixture Example M217>

[1137]

Table 268

[1138] <Mixture Example M218>

[1139]

Table 269

[1140] <Mixture Example M219>

[1141]

Table 270

[1142] <Mixture Example M220>

[1143]

Table 271

[1144] <Mixture example M221>

[1145]

Table 272

[1146] <Mixture Example M222>

[1147]

Table 273

[1148] <Mixture Example M223>

[1149]

Table 274

[1150] <Mixture Example M224>

[1151]

Table 275

[1152] <Mixture Example M225>

[1153]

Table 276

[1154] <Mixture Example M226>

[1155]

Table 277

[1156] <Mixture Example M227>

[1157]

Table 278

[1158] <Mixture Example M228>

[1159]

Table 279

[1160] <Mixture example M229>

[1161]

Table 280

[1162] <Mixture Example M230>

[1163]

Table 281

[1164] <Mixture Example M231>

[1165]

Table 282

[1166] <Mixture Example M232>

[1167]

Table 283

[1168] <Mixture Example M233>

[1169]

Table 284

[1170] <Mixture Example M234>

[1171]

Table 285

[1172] <Mixture Example M235>

[1173]

Table 286

[1174] <Mixture Example M236>

[1175]

Table 287

[1176] <Mixture Example M237>

[1177]

Table 288

[1178] <Mixture Example M238>

[1179]

Table 289

[1180] <Mixture Example M239>

[1181]

Table 290

[1182] <Mixture Example M240>

[1183]

Table 291

[1184] <Mixture Example M241>

[1185]

Table 292

[1186] <Mixture Example M242>

[1187]

Table 293

[1188] <Mixture Example M243>

[1189]

Table 294

[1190] <Mixture Example M244>

[1191]

Table 295

[1192] <Mixture Example M245>

[1193]

Table 296

[1194] <Mixture Example M246>

[1195]

Table 297

[1196] <Mixture Example M247>

[1197]

Table 298

[1198] <Mixture Example M248>

[1199]

Table 299

[1200] <Mixture Example M249>

[1201]

Table 300

[1202] <Mixture Example M250>

[1203]

Table 301

[1204] <Mixture Example M251>

[1205]

Table 302

[1206] <Mixture example M252>

[1207]

Table 303

[1208] <Mixture Example M253>

[1209]

Table 304

[1210] <Mixture Example M254>

[1211]

Table 305

[1212] <Mixture Example M255>

[1213]

Table 306

[1214] <Mixture Example M256>

[1215]

Table 307

[1216] <Mixture Example M257>

[1217]

Table 308

[1218] <Mixture Example M258>

[1219]

Table 309

[1220] <Mixture Example M259>

[1221]

Table 310

[1222] <Mixture Example M260>

[1223]

Table 311

[1224] <Mixture Example M261>

[1225]

Table 312

[1226] <Mixture Example M262>

[1227]

Table 313

[1228] <Mixture Example M263>

[1229]

Table 314

[1230] <Mixture Example M264>

[1231]

Table 315

[1232] <Mixture Example M265>

[1233]

Table 316

[1234] <Mixture Example M266>

[1235]

Table 317

[1236] <Mixture Example M267>

[1237]

Table 318

[1238] <Mixture Example M268>

[1239]

Table 319

[1240] <Mixture Example M269>

[1241]

Table 320

[1242] <Mixture Example M270>

[1243]

Table 321

[1244] <Mixture Example M271>

[1245]

Table 322

[1246] <Mixture Example M272>

[1247]

Table 323

[1248] <Mixture Example M273>

[1249]

Table 324

[1250] <Mixture Example M274>

[1251]

Table 325

[1252] <Mixture Example M275>

[1253]

Table 326

[1254] <Mixture Example M276>

[1255]

Table 327

[1256] <Mixture Example M277>

[1257]

Table 328

[1258] <Mixture Example M278>

[1259]

Table 329

[1260] <Mixture Example M279>

[1261]

Table 330

[1262] <Mixture Example M280>

[1263]

Table 331

[1264] <Mixture Example M281>

[1265]

Table 332

[1266] <Mixture Example M282>

[1267]

Table 333

[1268] <Mixture Example M283>

[1269]

Table 334

[1270] <Mixture Example M284>

[1271]

Table 335

[1272] <Mixture Example M285>

[1273]

Table 336

[1274] <Mixture Example M286>

[1275]

Table 337

[1276] <Mixture Example M287>

[1277]

Table 338

[1278] <Mixture Example M288>

[1279]

Table 339

[1280] <Mixture Example M289>

[1281]

Table 340

[1282] <Mixture Example M290>

[1283]

Table 341

[1284] <Mixture Example M291>

[1285]

Table 342

[1286] <Mixture Example M292>

[1287]

Table 343

[1288] <Mixture example M293>

[1289]

Table 344

[1290] <Mixture Example M294>

[1291]

Table 345

[1292] <Mixture Example M295>

[1293]

Table 346

[1294] <Mixture Example M296>

[1295]

Table 347

[1296] <Mixture Example M297>

[1297]

Table 348

[1298] <Mixture Example M298>

[1299]

Table 349

[1300] <Mixture example M299>

[1301]

Table 350

[1302] <Mixture Example M300>

[1303]

Table 351

[1304] <Mixture example M301>

[1305]

Table 352

[1306] <Mixture Example M302>

[1307]

Table 353

[1308] <Mixture Example M303>

[1309]

Table 354

[1310] <Mixture Example M304>

[1311]

Table 355

[1312] <Mixture Example M305>

[1313]

Table 356

[1314] <Mixture Example M306>

[1315]

Table 357

[1316] <Mixture Example M307>

[1317]

Table 358

[1318] <Mixture Example M308>

[1319]

Table 359

[1320] <Mixture Example M309>

[1321] Table 360

[1322] <Mixture Example M310>

[1323]

Table 361

[1324] <Mixture Example M311>

[1325]

Table 362

[1326] <Mixture Example M312>

[1327]

Table 363

[1328] <Mixture Example M313>

[1329]

Table 364

[1330] <Mixture Example M314>

[1331]

Table 365

[1332] <Mixture Example M315>

[1333]

Table 366

[1334] <Mixture Example M316>

[1335]

Table 367

[1336] <Mixture Example M317>

[1337]

Table 368

[1338] <Mixture Example M318>

[1339]

Table 369

[1340] <Mixture Example M319>

[1341]

Table 370

[1342] <Mixture Example M320>

[1343]

Table 371

[1344] <Mixture Example M321>

[1345]

Table 372

[1346] <Mixture Example M322>

[1347]

Table 373

[1348] <Mixture Example M323>

[1349]

Table 374

[1350] <Mixture Example M324>

[1351]

Table 375

[1352] <Mixture Example M325>

[1353]

Table 376

[1354] <Mixture Example M326>

[1355]

Table 377

[1356] <Mixture Example M327>

[1357]

Table 378

[1358] <Mixture Example M328>

[1359]

Table 379

[1360] <Mixture Example M329>

[1361]

Table 380

[1362] <Mixture Example M330>

[1363]

Table 381

[1364] <Mixture Example M331>

[1365]

Table 382

[1366] <Mixture Example M332>

[1367]

Table 383

[1368] <Mixture Example M333>

[1369]

Table 384

[1370] <Mixture Example M334>

[1371]

Table 385

[1372] <Mixture Example M335>

[1373]

Table 386

[1374] <Mixture Example M336>

[1375]

Table 387

[1376] <Mixture Example M337>

[1377]

Table 388

[1378] <Mixture Example M338>

[1379]

Table 389

[1380] <Mixture Example M339>

[1381]

Table 390

[1382] <Mixture Example M340>

[1383]

Table 391

[1384] <Mixture Example M341>

[1385]

Table 392

[1386] <Mixture Example M342>

[1387]

Table 393

[1388] <Mixture Example M343>

[1389]

Table 394

[1390] <Mixture Example M344>

[1391]

Table 395

[1392] <Mixture Example M345>

[1393]

Table 396

[1394] <Mixture Example M346>

[1395]

Table 397

[1396] <Mixture Example M347>

[1397]

Table 398

[1398] <Mixture Example M348>

[1399]

Table 399

[1400] <Mixture Example M349>

[1401]

Table 400

[1402] <Mixture Example M350>

[1403]

Table 401

[1404] <Mixture Example M351>

[1405]

Table 402

[1406] <Mixture Example M352>

[1407]

Table 403

[1408] <Mixture Example M353>

[1409]

Table 404

[1410] <Mixture Example M354>

[1411]

Table 405

[1412] <Mixture Example M355>

[1413]

Table 406

[1414] <Mixture Example M356>

[1415]

Table 407

[1416] <Mixture Example M357>

[1417]

Table 408

[1418] <Mixture Example M358>

[1419]

Table 409

[1420] <Mixture Example M359>

[1421]

Table 410

[1422] <Mixture Example M360>

[1423]

Table 411

[1424] <Mixture Example M361>

[1425]

Table 412

[1426] <Mixture example M362>

[1427]

Table 413

[1428] <Mixture Example M363>

[1429]

Table 414

[1430] <Mixture example M364>

[1431]

Table 415

[1432] <Mixture Example M365>

[1433]

Table 416

[1434] <Mixture Example M366>

[1435]

Table 417

[1436] <Mixture Example M367>

[1437]

Table 418

[1438] <Mixture Example M368>

[1439]

Table 419

[1440] <Mixture Example M369>

[1441]

Table 420

[1442] <Mixture Example M370>

[1443]

Table 421

[1444] <Mixture Example M371>

[1445]

Table 422

[1446] <Mixture Example M372>

[1447]

Table 423

[1448] <Mixture Example M373>

[1449]

Table 424

[1450] <Mixture Example M374>

[1451]

Table 425

[1452] <Mixture Example M375>

[1453]

Table 426

[1454] <Mixture Example M376>

[1455]

Table 427

[1456] <Mixture Example M377>

[1457]

Table 428

[1458] <Mixture Example M378>

[1459]

Table 429

[1460] <Mixture Example M379>

[1461] Table 430

[1462] <Mixture Example M380>

[1463]

Table 431

[1464] <Mixture Example M381>

[1465]

Table 432

[1466] <Mixture Example M382>

[1467]

Table 433

[1468] <Mixture Example M383>

[1469]

Table 434

[1470] <Mixture Example M384>

[1471]

Table 435

[1472] <Mixture Example M385>

[1473]

Table 436

[1474] <Mixture Example M386>

[1475]

Table 437

[1476] <Mixture Example M387>

[1477]

Table 438

[1478] <Mixture Example M388>

[1479]

Table 439

[1480] <Mixture Example M389>

[1481]

Table 440

[1482] <Mixture Example M390>

[1483]

Table 441

[1484] <Mixture Example M391>

[1485]

Table 442

[1486] <Mixture Example M392>

[1487]

Table 443

[1488] <Mixture Example M393>

[1489]

Table 444

[1490] <Mixture Example M394>

[1491]

Table 445

[1492] <Mixture Example M395>

[1493]

Table 446

[1494] <Mixture Example M396>

[1495]

Table 447

[1496] <Mixture Example M397>

[1497]

Table 448

[1498] <Mixture Example M398>

[1499]

Table 449

[1500] <Mixture Example M399>

[1501] Table 450

[1502] <Mixture Example M400>

[1503]

Table 451

[1504] <Mixture Example M401>

[1505]

Table 452

[1506] <Mixture Example M402>

[1507]

Table 453

[1508] <Mixture Example M403>

[1509]

Table 454

[1510] <Mixture Example M404>

[1511] [Table 455]

[1512] <Mixture example M405>

[1513] [Table 456]

[1514] <Mixture example M406>

[1515] [Table 457]

[1516] <Mixture example M407>

[1517] [Table 458]

[1518] <Mixture example M408>

[1519] [Table 459]

[1520] <Mixture example M409>

[1521] [Table 460]

[1522] Mixture M409 contains 300 ppm of compound ST-3a-1.

[1523] <Mixture example M410>

[1524] [Table 461]

[1525] Mixture M410 contains 300 ppm of compound ST-3a-1.

[1526] <Mixture example M411>

[1527] [Table 462]

[1528] Mixture M411 contains 300 ppm of compound ST-3a-1.

[1529] <Mixture example M412>

[1530] [Table 463]

[1531] <Mixture example M413>

[1532] [Table 464]

[1533] <Mixture example M414>

[1534] [Table 465]

[1535] <Mixture example M414>

[1536] [Table 466]

[1537] <Mixture example M415>

[1538]

Table 467

[1539] <Mixture Example M416>

[1540]

Table 468

[1541] <Mixture Example M417>

[1542]

Table 469

[1543] <Mixture Example M418>

[1544]

Table 470

[1545] <Mixture Example M419>

[1546]

Table 471

[1547] <Mixture Example M420>

[1548]

Table 472

[1549] <Mixture Example M421>

[1550]

Table 473

[1551] <Mixture Example M422>

[1552]

Table 474

[1553] <Mixture Example M423>

[1554]

Table 475

[1555] <Mixture Example M424>

[1556]

Table 476

[1557] <Mixture Example M424>

[1558]

Table 477

[1559] <Mixture Example M425>

[1560]

Table 478

[1561] <Mixture Example M426>

[1562]

Table 479

[1563] <Superimposable mixture> The following polymerizable mixtures are prepared from the nematic mixtures given in Table 1 by adding a reactive mesogen (RM) selected from the group of compounds of formula RM-1, RM-17, RM-35, RM-64 and RM-171, respectively, in the amount (% RM) given in Table 1.

[1564] [Table 480]

[1565] Table 1: Polymerizable mixture

[1566] [Table 481]

[1567] <Chiral nematic mixture> Chiral nematic mixtures are prepared by adding the chiral dopants S-811, S-2011 or S-4011, respectively.

[1568] [ka]

[1569] <Mixture example Ch1> Mixture Example Ch1 consists of 99.09% Mixture Example M14 and 0.91% chiral dopant S-4011.

[1570] <Mixture example Ch2> Mixture Example Ch2 consists of 99.12% Mixture Example M315 and 0.88% chiral dopant S-4011.

[1571] <Chiral polymerizable mixture>

[1572] <Mixture example PCh1> Chiral polymerizable mixture PCh1 consisted of 99.434% of mixture example Ch1, 0.300% of RM-1, 0.200% of RM-145, 0.050% of RM-163, 0.001% of Irganox1076 and 0.015% of compound ST-3a-1.

[1573] [ka]

[1574] <Mixture example PCh2> Chiral polymerizable mixture PCh2 consisted of 99.434% mixture example Ch2, 0.300% RM-1, 0.200% RM-145, 0.050% RM-163, 0.001% Irganox1076 and 0.015% compound ST-3a-1.

Claims

1. a) A liquid crystal medium comprising one or more compounds of formula I, and b) one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulas IIA, IIB, IIC, and IID. 【Chemistry 1】 (In the formula, R １ and R ２ This represents a linear alkyl or alkoxy group having the same or different H atoms, 1 to 15 C atoms, a linear alkenyl or alkenyloxy group having 2 to 15 C atoms, or a branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkenyloxy group having 3 to 15 C atoms, provided that one or more CH groups are present in these groups. ２ The group is designed so that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other. 【Chemistry 2】 -C≡C-, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ -, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO- may be substituted for each other independently, and one or more H atoms in the group may be replaced by halogens. Z １ represents -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ -, -CH ２ O-, -OCH ２ -, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -C ２ H ４ -, -CH=CH-, -C≡C- or a single bond, L １ and L ２ These are F, Cl, and CF, which are independent of each other. ３ or CHF ２ This represents, Y is H, F, Cl, CF ３ CHF ２ or CH ３ (This represents...) 【Transformation 3】 (In the formula, R ２Ａ , R ２Ｂ , R ２Ｃ and R ２Ｄ This represents a linear alkyl or alkoxy group having the same or different H atoms, 1 to 15 C atoms, a linear alkenyl or alkenyloxy group having 2 to 15 C atoms, or a branched alkyl or alkoxy group having 3 to 15 C atoms, provided that one or more CH groups are present in these groups. ２ The group is designed so that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other. 【Chemistry 4】 -C≡C-, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ -, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO- may be substituted for each other independently, and one or more H atoms in the group may be replaced by halogens. L １ and L ２ These are F, Cl, and CF, which are independent of each other. ３ or CHF ２ This represents, Y is H, F, Cl, CF ３ CHF ２ or CH ３ This represents, Z ２ Z ２Ｂ and Z ２Ｄ Each of them is independently bonded to the other by a single bond, -CH ２ CH ２ -, -CH=CH-, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ -ien-CH ２ O-, -OCH ２ -, -COO-, -OCO-, -C ２ F ４ -, -CF=CF- or -CH=CHCH ２ Represents O-, p represents 0, 1, or 2. q represents 0 or 1, and v represents an integer between 1 and 6.

2. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, wherein one or more compounds of formula I are selected from the group of compounds of formula I-1 to I-17. 【Transformation 5】 【Transformation 6】 【Transformation 7】 (In the formula, alkyl and alkyl ＊ Each of these represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms independently of each other. alkenyl represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. A cycloalkyl is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms (CH in the group). ２ The basis is, 【Transformation 8】 It is replaced by (representing).

3. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulas IIB and IID as defined in claim 1.

4. The medium according to claim 1, comprising one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formula IID-1 and IID-7. 【Chemistry 9】 (In the formula, "alkyl" represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different in each instance.)

5. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising one or more compounds of formula III. 【Chemistry 10】 (In the formula, R ３１ and R ３２ Each represents an alkyl or alkoxy group having H and 1 to 15 C atoms independently of each other, provided that one or more CH groups are present in these groups. ２ The group is designed so that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other. 【Chemistry 11】 -C≡C-, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ -, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO- may be substituted for each other independently, and one or more H atoms in the group may be replaced by halogens. A ３１ Each of them appeared independently of the others. a) A 1,4-cyclohexenylene or 1,4-cyclohexylene group, with one or two non-adjacent CH groups in the group. ２ The base can be replaced with -O- or -S-. b) A 1,4-phenylene group, in which one or two CH groups may be replaced by N, or c) Groups from the group spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl and fluorene-2,7-diyl This represents, However, groups a), b), and c) may be monosubstituted or polysubstituted with halogen atoms. n represents 0, 1, or 2. Z ３１ In each occurrence, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, and -CF appear independently of each other. ２ O-, -OCF ２ -ien-CH ２ O-, -OCH ２ -ien-CH ２ -ien-CH ２ CH ２ -, - (CH ２ ) ４ -, -CH=CH-CH ２ O-, -C ２ F ４ -ien-CH ２ CF ２ -, -CF ２ CH ２ -, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C- or single bond, L ３１ and L ３２ These are F, Cl, and CF, which are independent of each other. ３ or CHF ２ Represents, and (W represents O or S.)

6. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formula III-1, III-2, and III-3. 【Chemistry 12.1】 (In the formula, R31 and R32 each independently represent an alkyl or alkoxy group having H and 1 to 15 C atoms, provided that one or more CH2 groups in these groups are arranged so that the O atoms are not directly bonded to each other. 【Chemistry 12.2】 -C≡C-, -CF₂O-, -OCF₂-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO- may be substituted for each other independently, and one or more H atoms in the group may be replaced by halogens. L 31 and L 32 each independently represent F, Cl, CF3, or CHF2.

7. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formula IIA-18, IIA-40, and IIA-42. 【Chemistry 13】 (In the formula, Alkyl represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, which may be identical or different in each instance, and (O) represents O or a single bond.

8. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising one or more compounds of formula IV. 【Chemistry 14】 (In the formula, R ４１ This represents an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms. R ４２ (This represents an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms.)

9. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formula IV-1, IV-2, IV-3, and IV-4. 【Chemistry 15】 (In the formula, alkyl and alkyl' independently represent alkyl groups having 1 to 7 carbon atoms. alkenyl and alkenyl' independently represent alkenyl groups having 2 to 5 carbon atoms. Alkoxy represents an alkoxy molecule containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

10. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising one or more compounds of formula IVa. 【Chemistry 16】 (In the formula, R ４１ and R ４２ Each of these represents a linear alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, or alkoxy group having up to 12 carbon atoms independently of each other. 【Chemistry 17】 This represents, Z ４ represents a single bond, -CH ２ CH ２ -, -CH=CH-, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ -, -CH ２ O-, -OCH ２ -, -COO-, -OCO-, -C ２ F ４ -, -C ４ H ８ - or -CF=CF-.

11. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising one or more compounds of formula IVb-1 to IVb-3. [Chemistry 18] (In the formula, alkyl and alkyl ＊ Each of these represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms independently of each other. alkenyl and alkenyl ＊ (Each of these represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms independently of each other.)

12. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising one or more compounds of formula V. 【Chemistry 19】 (In the formula, R ５１ , R ５２ These independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, or an alkenyloxy group. 【Chemistry 20】 This represents, Z ５１ and Z ５２ are the same or different and represent -CH ２ -CH ２ -, -CH ２ -O-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -COO- or a single bond, and n is either 1 or 2.

13. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formula V-1 to V-16. 【Chemistry 21】 【Chemistry 22】 (In the formula, R ５１ and R ５２ (Each of these independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, or an alkenyloxy group.)

14. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising one or more compounds of formula VIII. 【Chemistry 23】 (In the formula, R ８１ and R ８２ This represents the same or different H, halogen, CN, SCN, a linear alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, a linear alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 15 carbon atoms, or a branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 3 to 15 carbon atoms, provided that one or more CH groups are present in these groups. ２ The group is designed so that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other. 【Chemistry 24】 -C≡C-, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ -, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO- may be substituted for each other independently, and one or more H atoms in the group may be replaced by halogens. A ０ A ８１ and A ８１ These are each independently of each other: phenylene-1,4-diyl (where one or two CH groups may be replaced by N, and one or more H atoms are halogens, CN, CH ３ CHF ２ ,CH ２ F, CF ３ , OCH ３ , OCHF ２ or OCF ３ It may be replaced with: ), cyclohexane-1,4-diyl (one or two non-adjacent CH groups in the group) ２ The groups may be independently replaced by O and / or S, and one or more H atoms may be replaced by F. ), representing cyclohexene-1,4-diyl, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl; Z ８１ and Z ８１ Each of them independently of the other is -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ -ien-CH ２ O-, -OCH ２ -, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -C ２ H ４ -, -C ２ F ４ -, -CF ２ CH ２ -ien-CH ２ CF ２ -, -CFHCFH-, -CFHCH ２ -ien-CH ２ CFH-, -CF ２ CFH-, -CFHCF ２ -, -CH=CH-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CF-, -C≡C-, or single bond; n represents 0, 1, 2, or 3; and (m represents 0, 1, 2, or 3.)

15. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formula PI and PII. 【Chemistry 25】 (In the formula, R ２ and R ３ This represents H, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, provided that one or more CH groups are present in these groups. ２ The group is designed so that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other. 【Chemistry 26】 It may be replaced with -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO-, and one or more H atoms in the group may be replaced with halogens. 【Chemistry 27】 They are independent of each other, 【Chemistry 28】 This represents, L ２１ , L ２２ , L ３１ and L ３２ Each of these independently represents either H or F. Y ２ and Y ３ H or CH are the same or different. ３ This represents, X ２ and X ３ Each of these independently represents a halogen, an alkyl halide or alkoxy halide having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl halide or alkenyloxy halide having 2 or 3 carbon atoms. Z ３ is, -CH ２ CH ２ -, -CF ２ CF ２ -, -COO-, trans-CH=CH-, trans-CF=CF-, -CH ２ O- or single bond, and l, m, n, and o are each independently 0 or 1.

16. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising at least one type of chiral dopant.

17. The liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising one, two, or three or more polymerizable compounds.

18. A liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising one, two, or three or more types of stabilizers.

19. A liquid crystal display comprising the liquid crystal medium described in claim 1.

20. The liquid crystal display according to claim 19, which is a VA, IPS, FFS, PS-VA, PS-IPS, or PS-FFS type display.

21. Use of the liquid crystal medium described in claim 1 in an electro-optical display.

22. A method for preparing a liquid crystal medium according to claim 1, A method comprising at least the step of mixing one or more compounds of formula I with one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formula IIA, IIB, IIC, and IID, and optionally with a polymerizable mixture, a chiral dopant, a stabilizer, or a further liquid crystal compound or additive.

Images