Conducting wire including control unit

Abstract

To cause a sensor to measure and detect a state, such as a tilt or heat generation, of an electric wire and a battery including the electric wire, and make it difficult for current to supply if not desired, by increasing, decreasing, or controlling a resistance value of a conducting wire inside the electric wire and the battery.SOLUTION: A system 3 is formed by combining an element 1, a sensor, and a control unit and the system 3 is used in the application of electronic components such as a battery and an electric wire. In the element 1, a part 101 of a conductive material includes an insulator part 105 and a gate electrode 106 of a field effect transistor capable of forming an electric double layer. With the parts 105 and 106, a part 104 subjected to carrier injection is formed in the part 101. The element 1 including the part 104 is used for an electrode or a conducting wire part, or a member that conducts electricity.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 10

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] This application is a device that utilizes the phenomenon that occurs during the operation of electric double layer transistors (or field effect transistors such as MISFETs and MOSFETs) in electrical wiring and electrodes. (At the time of filing, the operation of the wiring materials and wiring components claimed in this application, such as wiring, electrodes, motors, and actuators, has not been demonstrated.) [Background technology]

[0002] This application relates to sheet / film / foil or linear conductive elements or wiring materials using carrier introduction by electric double layer transistors. It also relates to electronic components and devices such as motors, actuators, and batteries that use the wiring materials. ●Furthermore, by utilizing the fact that the conductive element can control the introduction of carriers into the conductor 101 using the gate electrode portion 106, the conductivity of the conductive element 1 can be controlled according to the measurement value of the sensor using a sensor of an input device that detects the environment in which the conductive element 1 is placed, and a control unit that controls the input of the sensor and the gate electrode 106 (Figure 10). The above-mentioned height and low are In the high state, carriers are introduced into 101 by the gate to form 104, and the conductivity increases. The low state is when the gate is turned off and no carriers are introduced into 101, or when ionic species of the electric double layer generated in 105 act to reduce the conductivity of the portion 104 of 101. It is proposed to use the conductive element 1 of the present invention, including 101 capable of forming the above-mentioned 104, as a battery electrode. As an example of an effect that can be obtained by controlling the level of the conductivity by 106, for example, the gate electrode 106 is turned on when charging and discharging the battery, and the conductivity is reduced by turning 106 off when storing the battery or before the battery encounters an accident. A battery including a sensor and a control unit causes the control unit to perform an operation of turning off 106 when the battery senses an impact or acceleration, reducing the conductivity of the electrodes, and preventing a short circuit with rapid discharge that occurs when the positive and negative electrodes remain highly conductive and come into contact during an internal short circuit (Fig. 9).

[0003] ● As shown in (B) and (A) of Fig. 1 of the present application (or as shown in the representative Fig. 1 of Patent Document 1), there is a conductor layer 101 of a conductive conductor, semiconductor, conductive polymer layer, or carbon-based material (such as CNT, graphene, graphite, etc.), there are a source electrode 102, a drain electrode 103, and a gate electrode 106, for example, an ionic liquid of a molten salt is between 102 - 103 and 106, (taking 102 as GND) Applying a potential VGS to 106 charges 106, Ions contained in the insulating layer 105 capable of forming an electric double layer are arranged around 106 to form an electric double layer so as to cancel out the VGS of 106. Also, a capacitor is formed. (The insulating layer 105 may be a separator layer such as a secondary battery containing an ionic liquid) As a result, an electric double layer also appears near the carrier introduction layer 104 (inversion layer 104 in a MOSFET) of 101, and due to the field effect (of a field effect transistor), carriers are introduced into the semiconductor substrate 101 (or conductor substrate 101, carbon conductor substrate 101, conductive polymer substrate 101, organic semiconductor substrate 101, carbon-based conductor material substrate 101, substrate 101 through which electricity can flow) at 104, and the carrier density n increases in the carrier introduction layer 104 of 101. (※ In Patent Document 1, a configuration in which a protective layer 107 is disposed on the carrier introduction layer 104 is known. In the present application, the protective layer 107 may also be used in some cases. 107 prevents electrochemical reactions, etching reactions, etc. from occurring on 104 and 101 at a gate voltage exceeding a certain threshold in an electric double layer transistor. Since the present application is not an invention related to the protective layer, the description is omitted.)

[0004] <MISFET and Electric Double Layer Transistor> A capacitor is formed by 105 and 104 and 106 which sandwich 105. When 105 is an insulating film, it is a MISFET, and when 105 contains an ionic liquid, it is an electric double layer transistor (having an electric double layer capacitor portion). In the electric double layer transistor, ions in the ionic liquid form an electric double layer at the interface between 104 and 105 to balance the charge in 104, and an electric double layer capacitor is formed at 104-105-106. The thickness of the electric double layer is said to be in the 1 nm range. In an electric double layer transistor, by forming an electric double layer capacitor using an ionic liquid or the like, it is possible to store a larger amount of charge in 104 than in a capacitor using the insulating layer of a MISFET. By applying this principle or method, the present application uses conductors 101, 101P, and 1012 made of organic semiconductors, conductive polymers, carbon-based materials including graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes (CNT), (as well as films of general-purpose metals such as iron) as the conductors (or conductors or semiconductors) that form 104 and 1042, provides a gate electrode 106 and an insulator layer 105 (capable of forming an electric double layer), and applies VGS to form 104 and 1042, thereby improving the conductivity of the conductors including 104, 1042, and 104. In addition, by utilizing the fact that the formation of 104 (and 104I, which acts to reduce the conductivity of 104 depending on the type of material of 101) is controlled by the voltage value of VGS applied using 106, we propose that in batteries with high electromotive force or energy density or batteries using flammable electrolyte, etc., environmental data (acceleration, etc.) in which the battery is placed that could lead to battery damage is detected by a sensor in the input device, and VGS is controlled so as not to generate 104 to reduce the conductivity of the battery electrode using 104, thereby reducing the conductivity of the electrode and preventing internal short circuits caused by the electrode during storage of the battery, when it is damaged, or before it is destroyed (Figures 9 and 10). *As shown in Figure 2, 101 can define 108 for the body B part. *105 in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 may form an electric double layer, in which case the thickness of 105 can be made thin. The scales of 101 and 101P, 104, and 105 in the drawings are not drawn to match the actual scale. (These are schematic diagrams.) *MISFET: Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor FET. *MISFETs and electric double-layer transistors are configured so that an electric charge is stored in the capacitor section of the gate electrode. It is preferable for the self-discharge of the capacitor section to be small. It is also preferable for the gate leakage current and leak current to be small.

[0005] <Dielectric breakdown at the gate> The gate portion of the conductive element constitutes a capacitor, but there is a limit to the VGS that the capacitor can withstand (the absolute maximum rated voltage VGSA between GS), and if a high voltage VGS is applied, the insulation of the gate portion will break down. If a voltage exceeding VGSA is applied to 106, the capacitor portion may be destroyed and 104 may not be formed (P2 in FIG. 9). On the other hand, when the element of the present invention is used as a two-terminal electric wire 1-2TER as shown in FIG. 8(B), the voltage applied to the two terminals has an absolute maximum rated value due to the VGSA. ·When a voltage exceeding VGSA is applied to 106 in 1-2TER, the capacitor is destroyed and 104 disappears, decreasing the conductivity between the two terminals of 1-2TER, which may be used like a fuse. When multiple 1-2TERs are connected in series as conductor 1WIRE and used in a power transmission network, if a high voltage is applied such that 106 exceeds VGSA due to lightning strikes, the capacitor part in the conductor will be destroyed, 104 will disappear, and the conductivity of the 1-2TER will decrease, making it difficult for current to flow between the two terminals of the 1-2TER. This may have the effect of preventing large currents from flowing and spreading in a power grid that includes multiple 1-2TERs.

[0006] <Conductivity perspective> The electrical conductivity SIGMA is expressed as SIGMA=1 / resistivity RHO=charge q×carrier density n×carrier mobility MU, and the electrical conductivity SIGMA of the element 104 can be increased by increasing the carrier density n. In this application, we propose a conductive element 1 that utilizes this mechanism to introduce / inject carriers into a conductor or semiconductor, increase the density n, and improve the conductivity 104. The resistance R of a conductor is R = resistivity RHO × conductor length L / area A, and it is preferable to make the area A of the cross-section of an object that contributes to conductivity as large as possible. *The carrier density n of inorganic materials is 10 to the power of 22 to 23 for metals, 10 to the power of 10 to the power of 17 for semiconductors, and 10 to the power of 1 to 4 for insulators. *There are also chemically doped conductive polymers that have high carrier densities. *In this application, we propose using highly mobile organic semiconductors, carbon materials such as CNTs, graphene, and graphite, or abundant resources such as iron as 101 (without chemical doping), and using them as conductive elements that can increase the carrier density using an electric double layer transistor and control the conductivity by controlling the voltage of the gate electrode. If it is possible to increase the carrier density n in an electric double-layer transistor to 10 to the power of 20 or more, it may be possible to form a highly conductive conductive element 1 by combining it with an organic semiconductor with high mobility. Carbon materials such as CNTs that are expected to have high mobility may also be able to be made into good conductors by combining high mobility with high carrier density due to the formation of an electric double layer. ●Furthermore, in a configuration in which 1012 is stacked on 101P in Figure 11, 1012 can be a thin metal film and 101P can be a porous film made of a conductive carbon-based material, and we propose forming a carrier introduction layer 104 (and 104I) in the metal film 1012 to increase or decrease the conductivity while reducing the amount of metal element used.

[0007] <101P: Increasing the area of ​​the carrier introduction layer 104> The resistance R of a conductor is R = resistivity RHO × conductor length L / conductor area A, and it is preferable to make the area A of the cross section of an object that contributes to conductivity as large as possible. As shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 11A, 104 formed at the interface of the conductive element 1 having flat 101 and 105 is thought to be thin, about 1 nm in thickness, and the area of ​​the 104 portion for improving the conductivity of the conductor (the conductor area A mentioned above) is small, so even if 104 is formed, there may be a problem that the resistance R of the conductive element cannot be reduced as intended. Therefore, as shown in Figure 11 (B) and (C), 101P including combs, rods, pillars, and porous layers is used to form 104; A layer of a second conductor 1012 is formed on the first conductive layer 101P by lamination or deposition, etc. By forming a carrier introduction layer 1042 on the substrate 1012, It is possible to obtain 104 and 1042 having a conductive area larger than the area of ​​104 generated by the flat 101 and 105 in FIG. 11(A), It is possible to increase the conductor area A (reducing the conductor resistance R) and improve the conductivity of the conductor. (By using 101P, the surface area per volume of the conductor capable of forming an electric double layer can be increased, and the area (conductor area A) in which the carrier introduction layer 104 or 1042 is formed can be increased.) Comparing the schematic cross-sectional views of the elements in (A), (B), and (C) of Figure 11, (B) and (C) have configurations in which 104 and 1042 can be taken as larger areas than (A), so in this application, the configuration using 101P as in (B) and (C) of Figure 11 can be preferably used. Furthermore, in the case of metal materials, although it is necessary to prevent the metal from corroding (although it may be necessary to protect the material with a protective layer as in Patent Document 1), general-purpose metals such as iron (including aluminum, copper, etc. in order to reduce the amount of metal used in the conductor and save resources and weight) that are ubiquitous throughout the earth may be layered or deposited 1012 on a porous conductive carbon material conductor 101P, and a carrier-introduced 1042 may be formed by the electric double layer formed on the surface of 1012, and a conductor element 1 may be constituted by 1042 formed within the porous electrode 101P, for example.

[0008] <<Application of Element 1>> ●We propose forming 104 in films of organic semiconductors, conductive polymers, carbon materials, and metal materials such as iron, and using it for the conductor parts of the electrodes of secondary batteries and the conductor parts of motors. <Film electrode applications> We propose the use of the conductor element 1 in the form of a film, sheet or foil in an electrode-type conductor element 1FILM, in the conductor parts of electrodes in secondary batteries, in the conductor parts of semiconductor elements such as solar cells, light-receiving elements and light-emitting elements, and in hardware such as display devices, computers, robots, vehicles, aircraft and transportation equipment. ●We propose an actuator 2ACT using EAP, which uses 1FILM as shown in Figure 6. It may also be possible to reduce the use of metal electrodes in actuators, thereby lowering metal resource costs and weight. If the weight of secondary batteries and actuators / motors in robotic suits or space suits worn by humans could be reduced, the suits would become lighter and easier for humans to carry. <Conductor applications> We propose that conductor element 1 be used as a wire-type element 1WIRE as shown in Figure 5 for the conductor portion of an electric wire or motor. The conductive elements 1 and 1WIRE are also intended for use in internal wiring, power distribution, and power transmission in power transmission and distribution networks, airborne platforms, base stations, and structures. In the configuration of FIG. 5, the conductors are arranged in the order of 106, 105, 104, and 101 from the center of the cross section, but in a configuration (1WIRE2) in which this arrangement (1WIRE) is reversed, it is also possible to arrange the conductors in the order of 101, 104, 105, and 106 from the center of the cross section. In FIG. 5, 106 at the center of the conductor is a gate electrode made of a composite material using metal fibers such as aluminum and a carbon-based conductive material, and is placed at the center of the cross section as a gate electrode and wire core material. A voltage is applied to 106 to charge it, and 105 and 101 surrounding it form a capacitor 104, and 101 including 104 (the outer conductor part of the coaxial cable) is used as the conductor part of the conductor. 1WIRE has devised the configuration of the conductor 1WIRE, in which 106, which can be made into a composite material as shown in Figure 5, is the central core wire, for reasons such as that 106 can withstand mechanical forces such as bending as a conductor and can be used as a gate electrode for storing electric charge for the composite material. 1WIRE in Fig. 5 is one example of a conductor in the conductor element of the present application, and the form of the conductor element of the present application is not limited to the example in Fig. 5. For example, 1FILM may be processed (patterning, cutting, etching, etc.) to form a conductor device.

[0009] <Whether or not the gate electrode is embedded in the conductive element 1> In this application, three-terminal and two-terminal elements as shown in FIG. 8 were considered. In the present invention, 1WIRE and 1FILM are three-terminal elements using a gate electrode 106. On the other hand, a two-terminal element has been considered for use in applications such as connecting conductive films or conductors to form long wiring. A two-terminal conductive element 1 (1-2TER) is shown in FIG. 8(B). (When the conductor 101 of the conductive element 1 is a semiconductor, the 1-2TER operates like a so-called constant current diode in which the source and gate of a FET are shorted. Even when the conductor 101 is a conductor made of a carbon-based material or the like, it cannot pass a current greater than the allowable limit.) U1 is a gate driver unit (which may be a resistor, etc.) that drives the gate 106 from Vcc when it is a high-side switch. There may be a resistor between SG and S. U1 may include a sensor, a gate drive circuit, and a control unit. In the configuration (B) above, it may be possible for U1 to drive 106 from Vcc when the wires are connected together and a potential is applied, and the conductive element employing the 1-2TER may be easier to handle as a conductor wire, conductive film / sheet, or electrode than a 3-terminal type. When used in the power generation section of large-scale solar cells in solar power plants on earth and in space, space structures, space stations, etc., the 1-3TER is expected to be equipped with a circuit for driving the gate electrode and its wiring network, but the 1-2TER can apply voltage to the gate electrode internally, making it easier to build large-scale solar power generation systems and large-scale circuits. (The 1-2TER can be used not only in solar cells, but also in conductive elements 1 used in the electrodes and wiring sections of electronic components, batteries, motors, actuators, sensors, etc.) Conductive element 1 can be operated as a low-side switch rather than a high-side switch, or in the same manner as in the electrical circuit example of a general transistor component. (Conductive element 1 is also a transistor.) The three-terminal type has the advantage that it is possible to change the magnitude of the voltage VGS applied to 106 and the polarity of VGS. For example, in the thermoelectric conversion element 2TCE shown in the drawing, voltages of different polarity and magnitude can be applied to the n-type and p-type semiconductor sections individually, and even if the n-type and p-type materials are completely different material systems and the p-type material has more carriers and the n-type material has fewer carriers, it may be possible to artificially generate carriers in the n-type section and control the amount of carriers to match the p-type, even if there is a difference in carrier density, by making the voltage of the n-type gate electrode higher than the voltage of the p-type gate electrode.

[0010] <Use in thermoelectric conversion elements> ●A thermoelectric conversion element 2TCE using the above 104 with increased carriers is devised. Regarding the semiconductor element 1 of the present application, if 1 is a P-type semiconductor or an N-type semiconductor, and the carrier density can be increased by controlling the gate electrode while maintaining the mobility of the semiconductor, it may be used as a thermoelectric conversion element. As shown in FIG. 11, gate electrodes 106N, 106NG, 106P, and 106PG corresponding to N-type and P-type, respectively, are provided, and a voltage VGSN can be applied to 106N, and a voltage VGSP can be applied to 106P, respectively, so that a thermoelectric conversion element with increased carriers in the P-type and N-type parts may be obtained. In addition, if the carrier density can be increased even in carbon-based materials, particularly organic semiconductors and some inorganic semiconductors (including inorganic semiconductors such as copper oxide as in Patent Document 1 and perovskite semiconductors used in so-called perovskite solar cells), there will be no restriction in terms of resources of specific elements, and mass production of thermoelectric conversion elements may be possible by using semiconductor materials with unlimited resources for 104 (101). (Publicly known thermoelectric conversion elements use Bi2Te3 alloys, which use elements such as Te that are in limited supply.) Thermoelectric elements will be used in a wide range of applications, from wearable devices to waste heat power generation, physical batteries in satellites, and thermal batteries. In particular, if they are to be widely used in wearable applications, it may be desirable for them to be able to be mass-produced cheaply. <When the conductive element 1 is a semiconductor> When forming 104·1042, 101, 101P, and 1012 of 1 may use not only conductors 101·1012 but also material portions 101·1012 that behave as semiconductors. For example, 1012 may be a semiconductor layer with a high band gap Eg (a material that can be considered an insulator in everyday life) such as aluminum nitride AlN (others include silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN), diamond C, titanium oxide (TiO2), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin oxide (ITO), and indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO)), and 1042 may be formed on 1012 (a semiconductor such as AlN with a high Eg) to function as an n-type or p-type semiconductor layer 1042. A semiconductor device may be constructed using the above 1042. The 1042 may be used to configure an electrode or a transparent electrode (including a solar cell, a light-emitting element, an EL or liquid crystal display device). 101 and 1012 include graphene, some organic semiconductors, and the above-mentioned ZnO, SnO2, TiO2, ITO, and IGZO include materials used for transparent electrodes. ·101, 101P and 1012 include semiconductors and conductors. For example, it may include Group 14 elements listed in the periodic table of elements, and the Group 14 elements may include diamond (C) as a high band gap material, silicon (Si) or germanium (Ge) as a low band gap semiconductor material, or tin (Sn) or lead (Pb) as a conductor material.

[0011] <<Background of the Application>> ●The first reason is that the increasing demand for electric vehicles has led to rising prices of metal resources, and the need to reduce the amount of copper used. *However, the device of the present application may be a hybrid electrode in which an electrode formed in a mesh shape of aluminum or copper is combined with a carbon material or a conductive polymer. The present application intends to reduce the use of metals such as copper as wiring materials. The present application is not limited to not using copper. A gate electrode containing aluminum may be used for 106 to form 104.

[0012] ●The second reason is the problem of recycling metal resources from large equipment, structures, and buildings used in space. The inventors have disclosed wiring and electrodes for large-scale solar cells and secondary batteries, or aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, and structures (orbital ring devices, orbital elevator devices) that include the above-mentioned electronic components in Patent Document 2, JP 2022-058853, or in Patent Document 2, JP 2022-105726, etc. (The structure and aircraft claimed in Patent Document 2 may include a secondary battery, such as a lithium-ion battery, mounted on an electric aircraft, similar to an electric vehicle, and the lithium-ion battery includes copper foil and aluminum foil. Solar cells also use metal electrodes, although the electrodes are not as thick as those of lithium-ion batteries.) The above-mentioned devices and structures are proposed to be incinerated upon re-entry into the atmosphere after the mission is accomplished. If the devices and structures are loaded with copper, a finite resource, they will fall to somewhere on Earth, such as the ocean, while being incinerated, after re-entering the atmosphere. If the remains after incineration, including copper, fall into the ocean, mix with it, sink, and disperse, it will be difficult to recover the copper resource (such as recycling copper from home appliances on the ground). There is a risk that the metallic elements launched from the ground will disperse and become diluted when they fall to the ground, making it difficult to reuse or recover the resource. When a large structure in space reaches the end of its useful life and needs to be replaced, it would be preferable if replacement parts could be transported between space and the ground using a low-cost means of transportation (such as a space elevator). (Even if metal atoms are not included, the structure may contain sulfur, which can lead to the generation of SOx, and there is a risk that a large amount of sulfur will turn into SOx when entering the atmosphere, which could cause a high burden on the environment. It would be ideal if replacement parts could be exchanged using a so-called space elevator, etc.) However, there may be cases where a large structure is involved in an accident and falls to the ground, burning up, or there are cases where, even if a space elevator or other means are used, it is desirable to remove the structure from orbit all at once (similar to blowing up a building on the ground) and incinerate it upon re-entry into the atmosphere (or be incinerated as a result of an accident), in case the structure is involved in an accident and falls to the ground, burning up, or there are cases where it is desirable to reduce the effort required to recover a large structure by hand or robots. If this happens, there is a risk that resources, including metals and rare elements, contained within the aircraft and structures will be dispersed to the ground. If this continues, the construction and use of large-scale structures in space may not be sustainable in the future (it may not lead to sustainable development).

[0013] ●The third reason is its use as resource-saving actuators for robots. In electric vehicles, the proportion of secondary batteries is high among the devices. Robots, including vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles, humanoid and multi-legged robots, that can travel long distances after charging, such as transportation equipment, may use a lot of metal resources in the batteries. On the other hand, for humanoid or multi-legged robots that can travel short distances and are powered by being connected to a power grid, the capacity of secondary batteries and power storage devices can be reduced, but it is thought that the proportion of the product cost accounted for by motors and actuators (including artificial muscles and actuators using dielectric elastomers described in Non-Patent Document 1) and wiring materials will be higher. If we could reduce the use of resources such as copper for the motors and actuators and power distribution materials, the constraints on metal resources would be reduced, which may contribute to the spread of robot products. We also believe it is necessary to reduce the weight of batteries and motors for robots and robot suits.

[0014] The fourth reason is its use as a lightweight actuator and wiring material. For the applications mentioned above for the three reasons above, if copper wiring (and aluminum wiring) could be made of carbon-containing materials, it could lead to lighter wiring components for motors, actuators, and batteries. For example, when lithium-ion polymer batteries used in mobile computers and drones are disassembled, it can be confirmed that the majority of the metal components are aluminum electrodes and copper electrodes coated with active material. Therefore, we thought that if we could reduce the amount of metal used, it would lead to weight reduction and cost reduction in batteries, vehicles, airplanes, and robots. This application is intended to construct lightweight electric wires, motors, and batteries. The present application can be used for various machines and devices that use these motors and batteries (transport equipment such as electric cars, electric aircraft, and drones, industrial machinery such as electric agricultural equipment and ships, office and industrial machinery such as printers and processing machines, home appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines, and portable and battery-powered vacuum cleaners, electric wires, mobile computers, and wearable devices.

[0015] For the above four reasons and perspectives, The reduction of the amount of metal used in wiring materials, wiring components, and electrodes is an issue, and in this application, in order to solve this issue, we propose an idea to equip wiring materials and electrodes with a means for generating a field effect so that a mechanism for increasing the carriers in electric double layer transistors can be utilized for carbon materials and organic conductive materials that are usually not as conductive as metal materials. We also propose motors, actuators, electronic components, electrodes, battery electrodes, and batteries that utilize said means. For safe devices and systems, this application proposes equipping carbon-based conductive materials, which are thought to have fewer restrictions on the amount of elements, with a mechanism for improving conductivity, and proposes System 3 (3.3WIRE, 3BATT) that uses the mechanism to detect danger and change the conductivity in electronic components and batteries. <Notes> The inventor believes that in the short term, there will be no problem if space development is carried out using equipment and structures made of copper or other materials. In addition, copper or other metals should be used for equipment that requires metals such as copper not only for electrical conductivity but also for mechanical material properties and various performance aspects. However, in the long term, assuming that humans will advance into space and engage in space activities, it may not be desirable to have copper resources (a finite resource) re-enter the Earth in a state where it is difficult to recycle them and scatter them around, and therefore proposes the above-mentioned element 1. In terms of resource abundance, Earth and nearby moons and planets (Venus and Mars) have carbon, which is the basis for the carbon-based conductive material we wish to use in this application. (In addition to C, silicon Si may also be used to form conductive elements using the method of this application. Si has been confirmed on the surface of the moon in the form of SiO2.) Therefore, in this application, in order to improve the conductivity of carbon-based materials, organic semiconductors, and conductive polymers based on carbon, and to use them in secondary batteries and motors, it is intended to use the 104 portion of an electric double layer transistor in the copper electrode foil of the secondary battery or in the conductor portion of a motor (although this has not been demonstrated). The conductor 101 of the present invention may be a carbon-based conductor (including graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, organic semiconductors, conductive polymers, inorganic semiconductors, inorganic conductors, and metals such as iron).

[0016] <<Examples and Assumptions>> <High energy density battery> When the conductive element of the present invention is used as a foil-shaped element in a secondary battery, it is also envisioned that the secondary battery device will have a higher electromotive force than lithium-ion batteries that contain ionic liquids or lithium-ion batteries that utilize the wide potential window of ionic liquids.

[0017] For example, in contrast to lithium ion batteries in which cations (lithium ions) move, fluoride ion batteries, or fluoride shuttle batteries (FSBs), in which anions (fluoride ions) move are known. Patent Document 3 is an example of a document on fluoride ion batteries. ●Paragraphs

[0041] to

[0057] of Patent Document 3 describe components of a fluoride ion battery (which may be a primary battery or a secondary battery). The FSB has a positive electrode current collector that collects current from the positive electrode active material layer, and a negative electrode current collector that collects current from the negative electrode active material layer. Examples of the shape of the current collector include foil, mesh, and porous. The electrolyte layer may be a liquid electrolyte. In the present invention, the current collectors (negative and positive current collectors 201NEC and 201PEC) can be formed as layers on 101 containing 104 with a carrier introduced therein. When 101 is a carbon material, the conductivity of the portion of 201NEC / 201PEC close to 104 (the region of 201NEC / 201PEC close to 101 close to 104) is greater than that in the absence of 104. The present configuration having 104 may be able to improve the current collection performance of a current collector or electrode.

[0018] <Battery and element including sensor 1> ●The use of a PTC thermistor as an element for protecting the battery described in Patent Document 4 is well known. In this application, a sensor attached to the battery can sense input such as a strong impact on the battery. The present invention proposes a battery device including a sensor 3SEN for controlling the gate electrode 106 of the conductive element 1, a gate driver 3CGATE, and a control section / control section 3C.

[0019] When a battery with high energy density (or high power density) is damaged in an accident, such as by being impaled (the inside of the battery bending and damaging the separator, etc.), the internal electrodes will short-circuit (causing an internal short-circuit), and the energy stored in the battery will be released, making it more likely to explode or catch fire. Therefore, this application proposes a safety mechanism as shown in Figures 9 and 10 in the event of an internal short circuit, such as when the battery is pierced by a nail or the like. The sensor in the control section or control unit detects signs of an accident in which the battery is destroyed (such as impalement of a battery, a 3BATT in an automobile battery being hit or destroyed in a traffic accident, or an aircraft carrying a 3BATT crashing, etc.) (such as changes in impact or acceleration, changes in flight altitude, changes in speed, battery distortion due to battery swelling or deformation of other components surrounding the battery, changes in sound such as collision sounds, changes in sound or abnormality detection when an ultrasonic probe or echo is applied to a protected object such as a battery, changes in smell, sensors that detect chemical substances, threats to the battery captured by a camera, changes in air pressure or pressure, and changes in temperature), and operates to turn off the gate of the conductive element 1 of the present application, thereby reducing the conductivity of the internal electrodes of the battery, thereby preventing accidents such as an internal short circuit of the internal positive and negative electrodes which are in a highly conductive state, causing rapid discharge and ignition.

[0020] In a battery for a vehicle or an aircraft or other transportation equipment, the control unit in the battery detects a danger (an object that may collide with the vehicle) in the outside world of the transportation equipment through an automobile computer C1 mounted on the transportation equipment and a camera mounted on the C1, and the C1 transmits a control signal to the battery controller 3CBATT via a signal communication path. Then, the 3CBATT may control the gate driver circuit 3CGATE according to a stored procedure in response to the received signal and data, vary the voltage VGS applied from 3CGATE to 106 of 2BATT, and control the gate electrode of the conductive element. Then, the voltage control of 106 may reduce or eliminate 104 of 101, or generate 104I, thereby reducing the conductivity of the internal electrode of 2BATT.

[0021] <Conductor element 1 whose conductivity is controlled by a sensor> Regardless of the form of the battery, whether it is an electrical conductor or a sheet / film / foil electrode, the above-mentioned sensor / input device can detect it, and the control unit can control the VGS of the gate electrode based on the result. An acceleration sensor or a speedometer that detects speed may be attached to the motor (actuator) as a sensor, and the sensor connected to the control unit may detect when the motor using the conductive element 1 is in a speed range above a specified speed or is accelerating at an acceleration above a specified speed, and the control unit may control the gate electrode 106 to turn off the capacitor, reducing the conductivity and preventing the motor from accelerating. Sensors and control units may also be used in actuators that can be used in robot suits. The gate electrode of the conductive element may be controlled in response to the input result of wireless communication from the outside.

[0022] <Electrical / power applications, signal applications> The conductor device according to the present application is intended for use in transmitting electric power. It is not intended to be used for signal purposes. The conductor element 1 of the present application may be used for sensors or wiring for detecting sensor signals in order to sense the deterioration over time of each part of a large-scale building or structure (space structures, buildings, tunnels, roads, and other structures or structures) or the environment in which it is placed. The element 1 may be used for wiring of signals or electric power to operate sensors or input devices including temperature sensors and cameras, or to operate output devices including motors and buzzers. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0023] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 2022-013089 [Patent Document 2] Patent Publication No. 2022-058853 [Patent Document 3] Patent No. 6313345 [Patent Document 4] Patent No. 3035677 [Non-patent literature]

[0024] [Non-Patent Document 1] "DEA - Dielectric Elastomer Actuator", Kawamoto Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Science and Aeronautics, School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, www.kawamoto.mech.waseda.ac.jp / kawa / researches / actuator.html, Internet, accessed July 13, 2022 [Non-Patent Document 2] "What is a DC motor? Introducing its features and mechanisms", jp.aspina-group.com / ja / learning-zone / columns / what-is / 001 / , Shinano Kenshi Co., Ltd., Internet, accessed on July 17, 2022 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0025] <Challenges> The objective of this study was to increase the carrier density of the conductive material and improve the conductivity. It was also an objective to control the conductivity, to construct a device capable of controlling the conductivity by performing the control based on the measurement results by a sensor, and to provide a safe device and a safe battery.

[0026] The reduction of metal usage in the electrodes of secondary batteries in spacecraft, electric aircraft, electric vehicles, and electric transportation equipment was an issue. It was also considered necessary to reduce the amount of metal usage in motors. It was necessary to devise a carbon-based conductor wiring that could replace the metal foils and wires used in secondary batteries, motors, and other wiring materials that are limited in quantity, or a conductor wiring that could reduce the amount of metal used. In carbon materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, which are based on covalent carbon, or carbon fibers, organic semiconductors, conductive polymers, and organic or inorganic semiconductors that can be produced by coating, the carrier density may be lower than that of metallic conductors, making it necessary to increase the carrier density n. Carbon-based wiring materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, which contain many covalent bonds, organic semiconductors, and conductive polymers, tend to have lower carrier density n than metals even though they have high carrier mobility, due to the difficulty of carrier introduction, injection, and doping. It is also true that doping of carbon-based wiring materials can ionize the molecular skeleton and make them unstable, or that doping can cause a decrease in mobility. Therefore, we wanted to increase the carrier density n while maintaining high mobility. [Means for solving the problem]

[0027] <Solution> The portion 104 where carriers are injected into the conductive material 101 in the electric double layer transistor is used as the conductive material / conductor element 1 portion of a battery including a chemical battery / physical battery, an electronic component, a conductor, an actuator / motor, etc. (The conductive element 1 is used in vehicles, transportation equipment, aircraft, robots, or home appliances, products, and parts that use batteries or motors, thereby reducing the weight and cost of the conductor.)

[0028] This application proposes conductor materials, wiring materials, and conductor elements made of conductive polymers, organic semiconductors, inorganic semiconductors, conductive carbon materials, and conductive materials, using carrier injection into the substrate portion 104 of an electric double layer transistor and carrying carrier-introduced or carrier-injected 104. It also proposes secondary batteries, motors, actuators, and electronic components made of the wiring materials using 104. In this application, by injecting carriers into semiconductor / conductor materials that are conductors (and semiconductors) and have high mobility but are difficult to dope and have limitations in increasing carrier density, the carrier density n can be increased while maintaining high mobility by using the electric field effect. As a result, it becomes possible to control the increase or decrease in carrier density n at 106, and in a secondary battery, the carrier density n can be increased when the battery is charged or discharged, and can be controlled using the gate electrode to decrease the carrier density n when the battery is stored or not in use. Even if a short circuit occurs in the secondary battery due to the low conductivity of the electrodes during storage, the high resistance of the electrodes prevents a large current from flowing in the event of a short circuit, which leads to the prevention of battery fires (Figures 9 and 10).

[0029] <Battery device capable of preventing short circuits by controlling electrode resistance> ●Lithium-ion batteries can be destroyed by overcharging, external short circuits, and internal short circuits. Patent Document 4 is a patent on the configuration of a lithium ion battery as a secondary battery with a safety element. In Patent Document 4, a PTC element is used as the safety element to ensure safety against overcharging. An example of an internal short circuit is the destruction or short circuit of the internal structure of the battery caused by an external impact. If the positive and negative electrodes come into contact with each other internally, a large current flows and a short circuit occurs. If the electrolyte or active material is highly reactive, it may burn or explode. Other internal short circuits can occur when metals from the electrodes, electrolyte, electrolyte solution, or active materials precipitate and pass through the separator during battery charge and discharge, causing a short circuit, or when there is a manufacturing defect in the separator or electrodes, or the presence of foreign objects or impurities. ● Figure 9 shows a case in which the positive and negative electrodes of this application are short-circuited inside the battery, with a metal nail T1 pierced inside the battery. In the case of the skewering, the charge of the gate electrode 106 flows to the other electrodes, the charge stored in 106 and 104 disappears, and the disappearance of 104 results in 101 having a lower conductivity than 104. If 101 has low conductivity, the conductivity of the positive and negative electrodes using 101 will also be low. Even if 101 of the positive and negative electrodes are internally shorted together, the low conductivity of 101 may make it difficult for a rapid discharge to occur during an internal short circuit.

[0030] ●Before the battery is impaled, a sensor, such as an acceleration sensor, can be provided on the battery, and the gate voltage VGS can be changed in response to changes in acceleration, temperature, and air pressure applied to the battery (as well as changes in operating conditions such as altitude inferred from the sensor measurements) to control the conductive element to reduce the conductivity of the battery electrodes, thereby preparing for an internal short circuit. If an electric aircraft or electric vehicle equipped with batteries is involved in an accident (traffic accident, etc.), To prevent the battery from being damaged by external impact and causing an internal short circuit, When the sensor device (acceleration, temperature, air pressure, humidity, special odor, fire odor, etc.) attached to the battery is at an environmental value or a sensor value (measurement result) that needs to be avoided for the internal short circuit of the battery, The voltage VGS of the gate 106 is changed so as to control so that VGS is not applied. 104 carrier introduction layers are left in a non-introduced state, The electrical conductivity of 101, which included 104, Reducing the electrical conductivity is disclosed as a concept in this application. Even if the positive electrode 101 and the negative electrode 101 in the battery with the reduced conductivity are internally short-circuited, The low conductivity of 101 prevents the occurrence of sudden internal short circuit currents. It is intended to prevent overheating, combustion, or explosion due to an internal short circuit. Effect of the Invention

[0031] A gate voltage VGS is applied between the gate 106 and the source to increase the carrier density of 104 and improve the conductivity, thereby forming 104 in the conductor 101, forming a conductor element 1 that is a conductor and a transistor. By changing the voltage VGS, the conductivity can be controlled; for example, when the secondary battery is in use, VGS is applied to make the electrodes conductive and charge / discharge the secondary battery; when the secondary battery is not in use or is in storage, the application of VGS is stopped, the potential of VGS is reset or controlled, the carrier density n is reduced, and the conductivity is lowered, which may reduce the reaction, fire, and heat generation that occurs when the electrodes are shorted. (This application requires substantiation.)

[0032] In addition, because the ionic liquid has a wide potential window, it may also be possible to use it in batteries that use redox reactions and electrochemical reactions that require a high potential. If the conductivity of carbon-based conductive materials, which are lighter than copper or aluminum, can be improved and used in the wiring of secondary batteries and motors, it will lead to weight reductions and resource conservation in robot suits, space suits (including wearable devices), electric cars and electric aircraft.

[0033] The carrier introduction layer 104 (channel 104) formed by the conventional electric double layer is as thin as 1 nm, so there may be a problem that the area that becomes a conductor is small. As shown in Fig. 11, by using 101P, which may be a porous layer, 104 is formed, or a second conductor 1012 is formed on 101P, and a carrier introduction layer 1042 is formed on 1012, the area can be increased and the conductivity of the conductor can be improved. (The surface area per volume of the conductor can be increased.)

[0034] In electric double layer transistors, there is a problem with 104, which is a thin layer and does not have a large area. However, in the present invention, by using 101P, the area of ​​104 can be increased, and the conductivity of the conductive element 1 can be improved.

[0035] Furthermore, if 104I is generated instead of 104, the polarity of the electrode voltage VGS can be reversed from the good conductive state in which 104 was formed, and a VGS that generates 104I can be applied to generate 104I, thereby lowering the conductivity of the conductive element 1 below its basic conductor state.

[0036] However, in the case of a porous material, there is still a risk that the time required to charge the capacitor may increase. In order to achieve a desired operation mode, the device 1 of the present invention requires a charge / discharge time for charging and discharging the capacitor portion including the electric double layer. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0037] [Figure 1] An explanatory diagram of an electric double layer transistor (A) and the device of the present application (B). [Diagram 2] Connection diagram of the electrical circuit between external circuit EXC1 and conductive element 1. [Diagram 3] An explanatory diagram of the case where copper foil with an active layer of a LiPo battery is to be formed according to the method of the present application (an explanatory diagram of a conductive element 1FILM in the form of a film, sheet, or foil) [Figure 4] An example of a battery 2BATT that uses the conductive element of the present invention. [Diagram 5] An example of a conductor 2WIRE using the present application (including a motor coil) (a conductor-type conductor element 2WIRE in which the copper core of a coaxial cable-like cable is used as the gate electrode 106, 106 is covered with 105, and the outer periphery of 105 is covered with a cylindrical 101, and when a gate voltage VGS (VG) is applied to 106, 101 generates 104.) (It is also possible to reverse the arrangement of 106 to 104m101 in FIG. 5.) [Figure 6] An explanatory diagram of an actuator using the EAP (201EAP) of the present application (EAP: Electroactive Polymer. The configuration of FIG. 6 can also be used as a piezoelectric actuator using EAP as a piezoelectric element. A magnetostrictive element having a configuration in which a magnetic field is generated by the coil 2COIL in FIG. 5 and applied to a magnetostrictive material in the configuration of FIG. 6 can also be considered.) [Figure 7] An explanatory diagram of a photoelectric conversion element and a thermoelectric conversion element using the present application. (An explanatory diagram of a solar cell device (2PV) and a light emitting element such as an LED or a laser diode using the present application.) [Figure 8] An explanatory diagram of conductive elements (three-terminal type 1-3TER and two-terminal type 1-2TER) utilizing the present invention. [Figure 9] An explanatory diagram of how a short circuit is prevented when a battery (2BATT) using the present invention is pierced with a metal nail. [Figure 10] 3BATT is a battery or battery device / battery system including 2BATT, a protection sensor 3SEN, a gate driver 3CGATE, and a battery controller 3CBATT. (The gate 106, its control unit 3CBATT, and the gate drive unit 3CGATE may perform control such as removing the gate voltage or discharging the charge of the capacitor unit when the battery is stored.) [Figure 11]An example of a large interface between 101 and 105. (For the sake of illustration, the flat 101-105 surface and the comb-shaped 101P-105 surface are shown. Also, 1012 deposited on 101P is shown, and carrier introduction layers 104·1042 are also shown.) DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0038] <Example of conductive element configuration> Regarding 1, 101 is composed of carbon-based materials including organic semiconductors, conductive polymers, carbon materials, graphene, and carbon nanotubes. 105 is an insulating layer, which may be a porous separator layer containing an ionic liquid. 106 is a gate electrode. 102 and 103 are source / drain portions of 101 including 104 through which current flows due to carriers. Reference numeral 104 denotes a carrier introduction layer formed on 101. (This is the channel portion of the transistor.)

[0039] <Increase in interfaces> Focus on the interface formed by 104 of 101 touching 105. The thickness of the electric double layer is about 1 nm. As shown in FIG. 12A, if the contact surface of 101 and 105 is flat, 104 formed at the boundary between 101 and 105 may be a flat region of about 1 nm. Therefore, by using 101P as shown in FIG. 12(B), the ratio of the surface of the conductor 101·101P that is in contact with the ionic liquid to the total volume of the conductor layer 101P can be increased. (Gaps are also generated in the total volume, forming the so-called porous membrane 101P). When VGS is applied to the gate 106, the surface area where 104 occurs is increased, As a result, the area of ​​101P as a conductor of 104 (conductor area A) increases, The conductivity of the conductive element 1 including 104 formed on 101P can be improved. (By using 101P, the area A can be increased, and the increase in conductivity due to the formation of 104 can be made large. Also, if the conductivity due to the formation of 104I can be decreased, the decrease can be made large.) 101P is a portion of 101 when 101 is a comb-shaped, pillar-shaped or porous electrode / conductor material. As shown in Fig. 12C, a second conductor 1012 may be laminated on the surface of 101 or 101P. 1012 may be a metal such as iron, an inorganic material that becomes a semiconductor or conductor such as Si, or a carbon-based conductive material. The thickness of 1012 may be on the order of a few nanometers. A carrier introduction layer 1042 or 1042I formed by applying VGS to the gate 106 using the gate 1012 may be used. (The second conductor 1012 may be a conductive material formed on the surface of 101 or 101P. 1012 may be thinner than 101.) ●The configuration in which the surface area of ​​104, 1042 is increased by using the above-mentioned 101P, thereby increasing the area of ​​104, 1042 as a conductor and thereby improving the conductivity and increasing the control range of the conductivity, may be used in the conductor element 1, conducting wire, coil, motor, conductive sheet / film / foil, battery, and electronic component (photoelectric conversion element, thermoelectric conversion element) of the present application.

[0040] <Control of gate electrode according to 101 type (carrier type and material compatibility)> This application claims a conductive element that controls the conductivity of 101 depending on the positive / negative polarity and magnitude of the voltage of VGS applied to 106, and serves as a conductor for wires, batteries, and electronic components. When a metal (iron, copper, silver, gold, etc.) with a large number of electrons as carriers is used as 101, the conductivity of the metal increases or decreases depending on the positive and negative polarity of the arranged ions when a voltage is applied to a gate electrode where anions are arranged on the surface of 101 and when a voltage is applied to an electrode where cations are arranged on the surface of 101. When the metal is 101, 104 and 104I can be formed depending on the magnitude and polarity of the voltage applied to 106. This application has two aims: to increase the conductivity of 101 and 104 by using a gate electrode for use in conductor elements and electrode wires; and to decrease the conductivity of 101 for the purpose of protecting high-energy batteries from internal short circuits. This application utilizes the application of a voltage to 106 to form 104, eliminate 104, or generate 104I. In addition, there are combinations of materials that make up element 1 that cause chemical reactions, corrosion, and etching. If this occurs due to polarity or voltage magnitude, the gate electrode is set taking this into consideration.

[0041] <<Example of manufacturing of conductive element 1>> <1FILM Production> The following will consider the manufacture of the film or foil 1FILM of the conductive element 1 in FIG. 1. Prepare a foil or film for the gate electrode 106. A gate electrode film 106 (which may be a combination of a metal mesh and a carbon material) is used. 2.Apply 105 to 106. The layer 105 may be a layer 105SEP with a separator function capable of insulating the layer 106 from contact with the layers 104 and 101, and contains a material for forming an electric double layer transistor and an ionic liquid. 3. After coating and film formation of 105, 101 is coated. 101 may contain 101P. (3-2. After applying 101P and forming a film, 1012 may be formed on 101P.) 3A.105 may be applied to a layer of 106 and then laminated with a sheet containing 101 or 101P. 3B.105 may be applied to layer 101 and then laminated with sheet 106. *101P needs to be soaked in ionic liquid.

[0042] <1WIRE Manufacturing> We will now consider the manufacture of the conductor 1WIRE shown in FIG. 1. Prepare the gate electric wire 106. (The electric wire 106 may be a composite material of a thin wire of metal such as aluminum and a carbon material, and a thread-like material having mechanical strength may be included in the composite material for 106. 106 is mainly an electrode wire for charging the capacitor part that forms the electric double layer, and multiple materials may be combined in order to provide the necessary mechanical strength as a conductor while achieving that purpose.) 2. 105 is applied to 106. 105 can form an electric double layer and can also include 105SEP having a separator function. 3. After coating and film formation of 105, 101 is coated. 101 may contain 101P. (3-2. After applying 101P and forming a film, 1012 may be formed on 101P.) *Alternatively, it is sufficient if 101 is disposed so as to surround 105 after 105 is coated and formed into a film. For example, the sheet 101 or thin wire 101 or other rollable material may be wrapped around the coated layer 106 without leaving any gaps. (Just as the thin conductors of the braided copper wire of the outer conductor of a coaxial cable are arranged to wrap around the dielectric, 105 may be braided or wrapped around the wire of 101.) 4. It becomes 1WIRE of bare wire. (You can also use multiple 4-2.1WIRE cables to make a twisted wire.) 5. If 1WIRE is an insulated wire, apply an insulating covering 1COVER on 101. Multiple bare wires 1WIRE may be bundled (by twisting, etc.) and then covered with an insulating covering 1COVER to make an insulated wire. EXAMPLES

[0043] <Conductor element 1 using 101P and 1012 shown in FIG. 11> When implementing the present application, the use of 104 or 1042 formed in (B) or (C) shown in Fig. 11 can increase the surface area (conductive area A) of 104A per unit volume and improve the conductivity of the conductive element 1, rather than using the flat 101 in Fig. 11 (A), and therefore 104 or 1042 of 101P or 101P can be used. Therefore, 101P may be used in the embodiments of the present application.

[0044] <In the case of electrodes, batteries, and electronic components> FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an electric double layer transistor (A) and the device of the present application (B), and FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the case where copper foil with an active layer such as a LiPo battery is processed by the method of the present application 1. (An explanatory diagram of a conductive element 1FILM in the form of a film, sheet, or foil.) FIG. 4 shows an example of a battery 2BATT that utilizes the conductive elements 1 and 1FILM of the present invention.

[0045] <Mechanical / electrical conversion applications> FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an actuator using the EAP (201EAP) according to the present invention. The configuration of Fig. 6 can also be used for a piezo actuator that uses a piezoelectric material instead of the EAP. In the configuration of Fig. 6, instead of the EAP and 1FILM, a magnetostrictive element can be considered that generates a magnetic field using a magnetostrictive material and 2COILs and applies it to the magnetostrictive material. In FIG. 6, element 2ACT is configured such that the piezoelectric element portion is EAP, in a piezoelectric element that uses 1FILM (and 1WIRE) of the present invention for the wiring portion of a vertical displacement type piezoelectric actuator and the electrode portion of the piezoelectric element. A gate drive voltage is applied from 2ACT-DRV to gate drive lines A and B to increase the conductivity, and then an EAP drive voltage is applied from 2ACT-DRV to operate the actuator. · EAP drive voltage is applied from 2ACT-DRV to the source (or gate) of the alpha (positive electrode) of 1FILM connected to EAP drive line A and the source (or gate) of the beta (negative electrode) of 1FILM connected to EAP drive line B, driving the EAP and piezo layers. The electromechanical element, which is composed of EAP or piezo, as shown in the configuration of Figure 6, sandwiched between 1FILM, can also be operated as an actuator, and can be used as a sensor to generate electricity by receiving mechanical force from the movement of a person or object, or to sense mechanical force.

[0046] <Photoelectric conversion and thermoelectric conversion applications> 7 is an explanatory diagram of a photoelectric conversion element 2PCE and a thermoelectric conversion element 2TCE using the present application. It is an explanatory diagram of a solar cell device (2PV) and a light emitting element such as an LED or a laser diode using the present application. The conductive element of the present application is used for the electrodes and semiconductor parts of the above elements.

[0047] <In the case of conductor wire> Fig. 5 is an example of a conductor 2WIRE using the present invention. It includes a motor coil 2COIL that can be constructed using a conductor. The copper core part of a coaxial cable-like cable is used as a gate electrode 106, 106 is covered with 105, and the outer periphery of 105 is covered with a cylindrical 101. When a gate voltage VGS (VG) is applied to 106, 101 generates 104, which is a conductor-type conductor element 2WIRE. (It is also possible to reverse the arrangement of 106 to 104m101 in Figure 5.)

[0048] <Whether or not the gate terminal 106 and its control section are integrated into the conductive element 1> Figure 8 is an explanatory diagram of the conductor element (three-terminal type 1-3TER and two-terminal type 1-2TER) that uses the present application. This application uses the terminal configuration of 1-3TER, but if you use the configuration of 1-2TER when connecting conductors in series with wires, etc., you can simply connect both ends of the two-terminal element when connecting, which makes it easier to extend the conductor using the conductor element 1.

[0049] The conductive elements 1 and 1-2TER of the present invention are intended to be used in electric wires and conductors (including coils and motors that use conductors). In addition, the present invention may be used in some electronic components in which large-area / large-scale electrodes are deployed or stored within the element (solar cells, LEDs, LDs, OLEDs, digital signage, liquid crystal displays, batteries, condensers / capacitors, piezoelectric / magnetostrictive / EAP actuator elements, microelectromechanical system elements / MEMS elements / NEMS elements, inkjet heads, digital mirror devices, imaging elements, thermal imaging elements, and various electric circuits).

[0050] <Use as battery 2BATT> 3 and 4 show an embodiment in the case of a secondary battery. In a lithium ion polymer LiPo battery, active material and positive electrode agent are applied to both sides of a copper foil. In the present application, a gate foil 106 is made, a separator layer 105SEP capable of containing an ionic liquid is provided, and electrode layers 101 and 101P are applied to the outside of the separator layer 105SEP, and active material 201 is applied to the outside of the separator layer 105SEP. In the LiPo battery, when aluminum metal or a composite material of this metal and other materials is used for the gate element, it can be used to replace or reduce metals such as copper, which are heavier and have higher material costs than carbon-based materials. For example, in a system using copper electrodes and aluminum electrodes such as a lithium ion battery, by using the conductor element of the present application for the positive electrode and aluminum foil for the negative electrode, the amount of copper used can be reduced compared to a conventional configuration using copper for the positive electrode, while the conductivity of the positive electrode can be turned on and off by the gate. By turning off the gate 106 of the positive electrode during storage, it is possible to prevent heat generation due to a short circuit during storage (in the contact between the low-resistance positive electrode and the conventional aluminum negative electrode, the aluminum side has low resistance, but the positive electrode has high resistance, so it is expected that a large current will flow in the event of an internal short circuit, making the LiPo battery less likely to swell or ignite / explode), which may lead to a reduction in the use of limited metal elements while improving the safety of the battery.

[0051] <Use of battery system 3 or 3BATT equipped with sensors and control units> FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of how to prevent a short circuit when a battery (2BATT) using the present application is pierced with a metal nail, and FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of 3BATT, which includes 2BATT, protection sensor 3SEN, gate driver 3CGATE, and battery controller 3CBATT, and its protection mechanism. FIG. 10 shows a case where the conductive element 1 of the present invention is used as an electrode foil in a battery electrode. and a gate driver 3CGATE connected to the gate 106 of the battery and the sensor 3SEN. Connected to controller 3CBATT. The controller 3CBATT is configured to: Using 3SEN, the sensor value according to the sensor type of 3SEN is measured and obtained, 3CBATT controls 3CGATE according to the measured sensor values. 3CGATE controls the 106 VGS of 2BATT. 3BATT uses a control unit 3C and a sensor 3SEN (specific examples of sensors include 3A and 3T, etc.) Controls 106 of 3BATT and 2BATT, When 2BATT is not charging or discharging, or when it is in storage, When 2BATT is destroyed and an internal short circuit occurs, Controlling the voltage applied to 106; It destroys 104 and produces 104I. 2. Make the resistance value of the positive and negative electrodes of BATT high, In the event of an internal short circuit, it makes it difficult for a large current to flow between the positive and negative electrodes. The purpose is to prevent battery destruction (fire or explosion) and make the battery safe.

[0052] The present application aims to provide a lightweight and safe battery that is lighter than batteries containing copper by using a conductor element 1, eliminates resource constraints resulting from metal elements or reduces the amount of metal resources used, and provides protection against internal short circuits in the battery.

[0053] The previously mentioned 3BATT is one embodiment of System 3. As another example, as described in the "Explanation of Symbols" section of this specification under the items "Acceleration Sensing Element" and "Temperature Sensing Element", the system 3 using the sensor and conductor element 1 can be used not only in the form of a battery system 3BATT, but also in the form of an electric wire system 3WIRE, etc.

[0054] <Use for conductor elements 1 of 101 and 1012, which are close to insulators> A material that is usually considered to be close to an insulator because of a wide band gap may be used for 1012, and carriers may be introduced into 1012 to form 1042, which may be used as the conductive element of the present invention. Materials 101 and 1012 that emit high-energy photons (high band gap, usually considered to be insulators) that exceed the photons emitted by ultraviolet LEDs and deep ultraviolet LEDs may be used in this application. (Semiconductor elements with high band gaps such as aluminum nitride, or even insulators may be used for 101 and 1012.)

[0055] <Ionic liquids and molten salts> In the invention of this application, it was difficult for individuals to procure ionic liquid reagents, so this application is at the idea level. Ionic liquids are not easily obtainable at the time of application, and can be expensive.

[0056] <About the claims> The invention of claim 1 is: Between the first electrode 106 and the second electrode 102, By applying a voltage VGS, Career Introduction Section 104, forming a material portion 101; Including the carrier introduction section 104, A conductive material capable of changing the electrical conductivity of the portion 101. A conductive element, The portion 101 is A material portion 101P which is a porous membrane; Or, with respect to the total volume of the material portion 101P, A material 101P having a space that becomes a gap, The portion 101 of the conductive element is An electric double layer transistor, comprising a channel portion, The carrier introduction section 104 includes the channel section, The first electrode 106 of the conductive element is A gate electrode 106 of an electric double layer transistor, The second electrode 102 of the conductive element is A source electrode 102 of an electric double layer transistor, The conductive element is applied to the gate electrode 106. The voltage VGS an insulator 105 containing an ionic liquid of the electric double layer transistor; A capacitor portion constituted by the portion 101 and the gate electrode 106 is A conductive element with charged characteristics. The invention of claim 2 is: A conductor that is an insulated wire or a bare wire, The cross section of the conductor is formed by: an inner conductor portion 106 acting as a gate electrode 106; The insulator 105 surrounds the inner conductor portion 106; The portion 101 becomes an outer conductor surrounding the outside of the insulator 105; Have Or, The cross section of the conductor is formed by: an outer conductor portion 106 acting as a gate electrode 106; The insulator 105 surrounding the outer conductor portion 106; the portion 101 being an inner conductor surrounding the outside of the insulator 105; The conductive element according to claim 1 , The invention of claim 3 is: A coil using the conductive element of claim 2 as a conductor. The invention of claim 4 is as follows: 2. The conductive element according to claim 1, which is in the form of a sheet, film or foil. (Conductor element 1 in the form of a film or sheet electrode) The invention of claim 5 is as follows: A battery comprising the conductive element according to claim 4 as a positive electrode or a negative electrode of the battery. The invention of claim 6 is as follows: The battery according to claim 5, A control unit 3C that controls the gate electrode 106 of the conductive element; A portion 3CGATE for driving the gate electrode; The input device of the control unit 3C includes a sensor 3SEN. The invention of claim 7 is as follows: The sensor 3SEN includes an acceleration sensor 3A.

[0057] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described, these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. [Industrial Applicability]

[0058] The conductive element of the present application (element 1, part 2 / product 2 including element 1, system 3 of the element including a sensor) has the following intentions and possibilities. 1. In the field of batteries, we provide safer batteries that are lighter than batteries containing copper and do not require resources derived from metal elements. 2. In the field of motors, we will provide motors that are lightweight and reduce resource constraints resulting from metallic elements. 3. In the field of conductors, we will provide motors that are lightweight and reduce resource constraints resulting from metal elements. 4. In the field of sensors, the conductive element 1 of the present application may be a switch unit 1 that can turn on and off the conductivity of 1 by a sensor (such as 3SEN and a control unit). The function of the switch unit can be used for 1WIRE, 1FILM, and a battery 3BATT including 1FILM. [Explanation of symbols]

[0059] <<Transistor part>> 1: Conductive element. (It is not limited to semiconductor elements, so it is called conductive element.) 101: Conductor or semiconductor. A material part that conducts carriers. (101 includes conductors and semiconductors.) 102: Source electrode (S). 103: Drain electrode (D). 104: Carrier introduction layer. (Channel portion 104 of a field effect transistor) (conductivity increasing type carrier introduction layer 104) 105: Insulator layer. *The insulating layer 105 of a field effect transistor may be used, or the insulating portion 105 that can be used to form an electric double layer such as a molten salt or ionic liquid (105 may be a porous material or a separator that can contain an ionic liquid). Any insulating layer 105 that can form an electric double layer may be used. * In this application, the purpose is to apply the fact that the capacitor portion of the field effect transistor using an insulator / dielectric stores electric charge in 104 of 101, thereby increasing the conductivity of 101 including 104, not only to semiconductor 101 but also to conductor 101 made of carbon-based material, and specifically, the configuration of an electric double layer transistor within the category of field effect transistors is used. 105SEP: An insulating layer used to form an electric double layer while separating the separator to prevent physical internal short circuits by, for example, soaking it in ionic liquid. (Separator part capable of forming an electric double layer) 106: Gate electrode (G). (107:Protective layer) 108: Body part (B). (Body terminal part of field effect transistor MISFET) 201: A layer laminated on 101 (may include a layer, material, or structure for realizing a certain function, such as a layer of an active material of a battery, a semiconductor layer of a semiconductor element, or an EAP layer). 104I: Reverse carrier introduction layer. (Carrier introduction layer 104I of a type that reduces electrical conductivity) (Layer 104I that introduces a type of carrier that reduces electrical conductivity) 2: Electronic components, conductors, sensors, and electrical and electronic application products that use conductor element 1. 3: A system or device having a conductive element 1 or a part or product 2 using the element 1, equipped with a sensor 3SEN, a control unit 3C, and a gate drive circuit 3CGATE, and having the function of increasing or decreasing the conductivity of the conductive element 1 depending on the result of input from a sensor or input device. <Explanation of Figure 11> 101P: A portion of the conductor 101 when 101 is a comb-shaped, pillar-shaped, rod-shaped, porous layer, film, or electrode. (101P may be a porous film.) The image of the porous material may be a porous film formed by sintering semiconductor fine particles / particles in a dye-sensitized solar cell, a fuel electrode in a solid oxide fuel cell, a porous current collector formed by applying fine conductive particles such as carbon black in the conductor of an electrode in a battery including a dry cell, or an electrode film including a current collector, or a nanorod structure / pillar structure grown or deposited on the electrode 101. For example, the porosity of 101P may be within the range that can be obtained for a porous material. 101P may be a layer or part for which the ratio of the volume of gap space to the total volume is required. Unlike 101 made of a plane of a single crystal of a semiconductor or conductor, 101P may be a conductive layer or film that is not flat at the micro- or nano-level and has many micro- or nano-level gaps, in which the volume of gaps exists relative to the total volume. It may also be a porous film with micro- or nano-level gaps like a sponge. 1012: The second 101. ●It may be a conductive material 1012 formed on the surface of 101 or 101P. The layer 1012 may be thinner than the layer 101 . When 1012 is made of copper or aluminum and can be thinned, and 1012 is deposited on 101, and 101 can be made of a carbon-based material such as a carbon material, the amount of copper or aluminum used can be reduced. 1042: Carrier introduction layer formed on 1012. Carrier introduction layer for improving electrical conductivity. 1042I: A reverse carrier introduction layer formed in 1012. (Carrier introduction layer 1042I of a type that reduces electrical conductivity) (Layer 1042I that introduces a type of carrier that reduces electrical conductivity) <<Items related to electric wires and conductors>> 1WIRE: A conductor wire made of conductive elements. (Example of a conductor wire made of conductive elements) 1COVER: Covering layer of wiring material. A coil consisting of 2COIL:1WIRE. 2CORE: Magnetic core. Coil core 2CORE-MGS: Magnetostrictive material for magnetostrictive elements 2MOTO: Motor (2 COIL is used) (When no specific type of motor is specified) 2MOTO-BLDC: Brushless DC motor. (For example, in the case of an outer rotor or inner rotor type brushless DC motor, coil 2COIL can be fixed to the stator side, and the current flowing through the stator can be controlled to rotate the rotor and drive the motor. As in the article in Non-Patent Document 2, in the brushless system, a motor drive circuit is necessary, but the element 1 or 2COIL of the present application can be used for the stator coil.) 3C: A control unit / controller connected to the gate control unit 106 and the sensor. 3SEN: Sensor or input device part. 3WIRE: A conductor system that adds a mechanism to control 106 based on the sensor measurement values ​​of 3SEN. *1WIRE may have a 1-2TER configuration, and may include a sensor 3SEN and a control unit 3C. 1WIRE may include a temperature measurement sensor 3T and an acceleration sensor 3A as 3SEN. <<Two-terminal and three-terminal elements>> 1-2TER: Conductor element 1 with two terminals. (The terminal related to the gate 106 is built into 1, and 1-2TER type 1WIRE can be connected and used in the same way that existing electric wires can be connected and extended to form a long electric wire. The 1-2TER type is a method that has the effect of eliminating the need for external circuits and wiring for the gate electrode.) U1: Gate control section or driver circuit. (It may include parts for configuring 3 such as 3C, 3SEN, and 3CGATE.) 1-3TER: 3-terminal conductive element 1. (A method in which 106 can be controlled from outside 1.) <<Electrode-related items>> 1FILM: Film, foil or sheet using a conductive element. (electrode foil / film electrode) *1FILM can be used as a large flat surface, with one 201 laminated for each gate electrode in (A or B in Figure 1). It can be used as a single-sided electrode type (one side of the 1FILM is an electrode). As shown in FIG. 3B, there is a double-sided electrode type (a type in which both the front and back of one film become electrodes) that can be used by stacking two 201 for one gate electrode portion. 3C: A control unit / controller connected to the gate control unit 106 and the sensor. 3SEN: Sensor or input device part. 3FILM: An electrode system, conductive film, conductive foil, and conductive sheet system that adds a mechanism to control 106 based on the sensor measurement value of 3SEN. 201: A layer laminated near 104 and 101. (It may include an electrode layer of a battery, an active material of a battery, an electrode layer or an active layer of a semiconductor element, a layer for charge transport, etc. 201 may be a layer that is controlled by an electrode and performs some function, for example, a liquid crystal layer 201-LC when a conductive element 1FILM is used as an electrode of a liquid crystal element.) 201-LC: Liquid crystal layer <Actuators, transducers, and electromechanical conversion elements using electrodes and wires> 201EAP:201 is EAP. 2ACT: Actuator (including actuators using EAP. 1FILM may be used). 2ACTS: An element used when 2ACT is used as a pressure detection sensor, a power generation device that converts the mechanical force of human or object movement into electrical force, or an electromechanical converter. 2ACT-EXC: External circuit for driving 2ACT. (When driving the gate driver separately from the driver circuit that drives the functional layer such as EAP or piezoelectric material) 2MOTT: Motor. Electric motor. 2MOTTG: A generator using an electric motor, a motor-type mechanical-electrical converter. <Photoelectric conversion element> 2PCE (2PV): Photoelectric conversion element. An example of an optical semiconductor element is a solar cell. (Or photodiode, LED, OLED) 2PV-E: Electrode 2PV-HTM: Hole transport layer. 2PV-AL: Active layer. (In a light receiving element, it may be a layer that absorbs light and separates charges, and in a light emitting element, it may be a layer that emits light.) 2PV-ETM: Electron transport layer. 2PV-TE: transparent electrode. 1WIRE (busbar wiring section): A conductor element for collecting current, a rod, wire, plate, sheet or thick film made of 1WIRE. <Thermoelectric conversion element> 2TCE: A thermoelectric conversion element using N-type and P-type semiconductors in the conductive element 1 of the present application. 104N: n-type semiconductor layer into which carriers are introduced; 106N: gate electrode for 104N; 104P: p-type semiconductor layer with carriers introduced, 106P: gate electrode for 104P 105N, 105P: Insulating layer made of ionic liquid that generates an electric double layer as a carrier introduction means 106NGRID: Power distribution network for applying voltage to 106N 106PGRID: A power distribution network for applying voltage to 106P (a separate power distribution network from 106NGRID) (FIG. 11 shows that a voltage VGN can be applied to the gate 106N of the N-type semiconductor, and a voltage VGP can be applied to the gate 106P of the P-type semiconductor. VGP is a voltage different from VGN, and the polarities of the voltages in the two types of gates may be different.) <Battery> 2BATT: A battery using conductive element 1. 104NE: Carrier introduction layer of negative electrode 1FILM 106NE: gate electrode of negative electrode 1FILM 101NE: Conductive layer of negative electrode 1FILM 201NEC: 201 of the negative electrode current collector. 201NE: Negative electrode active material layer. 104PE: Carrier introduction layer of 1FILM of positive electrode 106PE: gate electrode of 1 film of positive electrode 101PE: Conductive layer of 1 film of positive electrode 201PEC: Positive electrode current collector 201. 201PE: Positive electrode active material layer. 201EC: Electrode current collector. 202: An assumed example of a terminal part for extracting electric charge from the positive and negative electrodes. 105, 105SEP: 1FILM insulation layer 205: Battery separator. 205E: Battery electrolyte, electrolyte. P1: Charge loss region of the electric double layer due to a short circuit between 106 and 104 (The area where 104 is lost or the charge of 104 is reduced due to the short circuit, and 101 including 104 becomes highly resistive as an electrode.) P2: Area where charge is reduced when gate 106 is broken down and short-circuited. Nail·Spike: Conductor nail for piercing batteries, metal nail (The area that occurs when the positive and negative electrodes 104 and 106 inside the battery are short-circuited.) (When the battery is subjected to a collision, impact, accident, etc., and the electrodes of the battery structure are stretched, torn, or deformed, the short circuit that occurs when the electrodes come into contact with each other may be likened to the nail.) <Explanation of Figure 10> 3BATT: A battery system that adds a mechanism to control 106 based on sensor measurement values ​​to 2BATT. 3 SEN: A sensor that obtains information from the surrounding environment to control the conductivity of the conductive element 1. Measuring means. 3A: Acceleration sensor, shock sensor. 3S: Strain sensor (detects battery deformation due to external impact. In the case of a strain sensor attached to the battery, it can also detect swelling of the battery / battery pack). 3K: Contact sensor (a sensor that detects contact of an object approaching the battery). 3T: PTC element, temperature sensor, temperature measurement means. 3C: Controller, control unit, control means. (It may include a control unit such as a computer and a gate driver.) 3CBATT: Battery controller, 3CBATT of 3C. 3CGATE: Controller for gate 106. Controlled by 3C. 3BC: Battery housing, container (container that houses the battery system). 3BCE: Ambient environment of the device including the conductive element 1 (ambient environment of the battery 2BATT in the figure). 3COMM: A communication device or means of 3C. It may be capable of wireless or wired communication with other communication devices. C2: External computer. A terminal that can communicate with 3C using 3C's communication device 3COMM and C2's communication device. (C1 may be capable of exchanging, changing, and updating the control method, program, algorithm, and control variables of the gate electrode of 3C through communication. In addition, for maintenance and inspection of 3 such as 3BATT, C2 that can access 3C may command 3C to turn on or off the gate electrode or to change the voltage value or polarity.) C1: Computers that use 3BATT. For example, an on-board computer C1 that controls an automobile is connected to an on-board camera CAM of the automobile, and the CAM photographs the external environment and detects automobiles and collision objects that are likely to collide with C1. C1 may be a control unit C1 of an autonomous driving automobile. (It may be a control computer C1 of a transport machine such as an aircraft equipped with a battery. In the case of an aircraft, a sensor can detect a crash before it occurs (or a measuring means for sensing the crash can be provided to detect the crash), and the resistance of the battery can be made high, which can prevent the battery case from being destroyed in the event of a crash, causing an internal short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes, which can lead to a fire or explosion.) If there is a risk of damage to 3CBATT of C1, the gate electrode voltage control data and command are sent to 3C (3CBATT) of 3BATT to reduce the conductivity of the battery electrode, and the electrode is controlled to have low conductivity. (When a car containing C1 and 3BATT crashes and 3CBATT is destroyed, causing an internal short circuit, the resistance of the electrodes of 3BATT is increased, preventing fire and explosion due to an internal short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes.) C1SEN: C1 sensor Camera as a sensor for CAM:C1 <Supplement to Figure 10> In the example of FIG. 10, a battery using conductive element 1 is equipped with a sensor and a controller, and the controller controls the gate drive circuit according to the value measured by the sensor, thereby controlling the voltage applied to gate 106, and controlling / forming or eliminating 104 or 1042 (and 104I or 1042I depending on the type of 101 or 1012). The conductivity of 101 or 101P is increased or decreased, and when it is preferable to decrease the conductivity, the conductivity is decreased. The above configuration can also be used in a 3FILM configuration using 1FILM, or a 3WIRE configuration using 1WIRE, instead of a battery. The electronic component 2 using the conductive element 1 and the electric / electronic product 2 can be widely used, not limited to the form of a battery, and can be controlled by a sensor using 3SET, 3C, and 3CGATE. The 3SEN may be a known type of sensor. For example, the 3SEN may use an acceleration sensor (a three-axis acceleration sensor), a magnetic sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an air pressure sensor, a pressure sensor, a strain sensor, a contact sensor / touch sensor, an illuminance / light sensor, an infrared sensor, a camera / scanner / image sensor, an odor sensor, a fire sensor / smoke sensor, a sound sensor, and a wireless sensor (wireless receiver). An external computer C2 may access 3C (using a communication device 3COMM of 3C) by wireless or wired communication and change the programs, variables, etc. for controlling the conductive elements of the conductor element 1. The voltage VGS of the gate 106 of the conductive element 1 may be controlled by an external computer C2 via 3COMM of 3C by wireless or wired communication. <Temperature sensing element> For example, 3WIRE is equipped with a temperature sensor 3T, a control unit, and a gate drive unit, and 3WIRE detects the temperature rise caused by heat during a ground fault fire or heat generation before a ground fault fire occurs at 3T. 3WIRE detects the temperature rise and controls the resistance of the conductor to increase, making it difficult for current to flow and thus preventing a fire. In the event of a building fire, the 3WIRE of the distribution network connected to the room or compartment where the fire originated may be made to fuse so that no current flows to the room or compartment where the fire originated. (The 3WIRE may be configured as a fused element that increases in resistance with increasing temperature.) <Acceleration sensing element> <A conductive element system that moves using an acceleration sensor, a control unit, and a gate unit> By equipping not only 3BATT but also 3SEN of 3WIRE or 3FILM with an acceleration sensor (a 3-axis acceleration sensor would be fine), a conductive element system with a control unit that increases or decreases the conductivity of 3WIRE or 3FILM according to acceleration (according to gravitational acceleration, or by sensing the inclination of the wire based on the direction of gravitational acceleration) can be constructed. -Electric poles are used to string electric wires horizontally or in a sagging manner to construct distribution and transmission networks for the supply of electricity. Electric wires are also used for trains and telegraphs and telephones. In the above system (where the electric wires are not buried underground, but are in the air and will sag if cut), we often see electric wires strung on utility poles being cut by typhoons, fallen trees, etc., and then falling down due to gravity. A dangling conductor usually has a copper or aluminum part, and the conductivity of the metal part does not change when it sags or tilts, and it is always a conductor, so electricity can flow even when it is dangling. Therefore, a conductor system 3WIRE can be considered in which, when an electric wire sags, an acceleration sensor detects the sagging and reduces the conductivity of the conductor, and the abnormality detected by the sensor is communicated to the control unit 3C of the conductor system and an external computer C2 via communication between the C2 and the control unit 3C. The 3WIRE, which includes the acceleration sensor 3A of the present application in its 3SEN, measures the gravitational acceleration of the dangling wire, or the change in acceleration when the wire breaks and falls or dangles, or the acceleration at the time of dangling, and controls the voltage VGS of the gate electrode 106 according to the measurement results. A three-axis acceleration sensor may be used to measure whether the acceleration sensor measurement value is in the condition of sagging (when the wire is hanging in the same direction as gravity), and if it is determined that the wire is hanging, the gate 106 may be controlled to reduce the conductivity of the 1WIRE or 3WIRE. Alternatively, a tilt sensor (using an acceleration sensor) may be provided for the conductive 1WIRE and 3WIRE (and 1FILM and 3FILM) to control the increase and decrease of conductivity according to the tilt of the 1WIRE and 3WIRE (1FILM and 3FILM).

Claims

1. By applying a voltage (VGS) between the first electrode (106) and the second electrode (102), a carrier introduction part (104) is formed in the material part (101), An element capable of changing the conductivity of the material part (101) including the carrier introduction part (104), The material part (101) of the element includes the channel part of a transistor, the carrier introduction part (104) includes the channel part, the first electrode (106) of the element is the gate electrode (106) of the transistor, the second electrode (102) of the element is the source electrode (102) of the transistor, and the element has a feature that a capacitor part composed of the insulator (105), the material part (101), and the gate electrode (106) of the transistor can be charged by the voltage (VGS) applied to the gate electrode (106).

2. A wire including a sensor (3SEM) and a gate electrode control part (3CGATE), The sensor (3SEM) of the wire is any one of an acceleration sensor, a temperature sensor, a magnetic sensor, a humidity sensor, a pressure sensor, a strain sensor, an illuminance sensor, an optical sensor, an infrared sensor, an imaging device, an odor sensor, a fire sensor, a smoke sensor, a sound sensor, and a wireless sensor, The wire according to claim 1, wherein a capacitor part composed of an insulator, a material part, and a gate electrode of a transistor can be charged by a voltage applied to the gate electrode.

3. The wire according to claim 2, wherein the control part measures the inclination of the wire with respect to the gravitational acceleration by an acceleration sensor, and the control part can control the voltage of the gate electrode according to the measurement result regarding the inclination.

4. The wire according to claim 3, including communication means (3COMM).

5. A power transmission network including the wire according to claim 1.

6. An electric circuit including the wire according to claim 1.

7. A power transmission network including the conducting wire according to Claim 4.

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