Control system for gas pressurization, inflation, and airflow management of the enclosure

Abstract

The enclosure system includes an inflatable enclosure and a control system. The enclosure includes one or more enclosure walls made of a flexible material and at least one transparent portion configured to allow a user to observe the interior of the enclosure from outside the enclosure. The enclosure includes one or more vents, at least one of the vents having a variable air resistance during operation. The control system is configured to control an environment within the enclosure. The control system includes an air source configured to supply air to the enclosure, one or more sensors, and a processor.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] (Related Applications) This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 160,649, filed March 12, 2021, and International Patent Application No. PCT / US2021 / 058496, filed November 8, 2021, which applications are incorporated by reference herein for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.

[0002] (Field) FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE The present disclosure relates generally to enclosure systems and control systems for controlling the environment within the enclosure systems, as well as portable surgical systems and methods for regulating the surgical environment of a surgical site. [Background technology]

[0003] (background) Inflatable enclosures and objects including control systems are used in a variety of applications ranging from simple toy balloons to celestial devices. However, there is a need for control systems configured to monitor and control the inflation process, gas pressurization, pressure at various points within the enclosure, airflow, and other environmental parameter dynamics within various types of enclosures (e.g., inflatable enclosures, rigid fixed volume enclosures), and such control systems are required to function as reliable and adaptable systems.

[0004] The above information disclosed in this Background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the present disclosure. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] (overview) The present disclosure describes an example of an enclosure system for performing sterile surgery. The enclosure system includes an inflatable enclosure and a control system. The enclosure includes one or more enclosure walls made of a flexible material and at least one transparent portion configured to allow a user to observe the interior of the enclosure from outside the enclosure. The enclosure includes one or more air vents, at least one of the air vents having a variable air resistance during operation. The control system is configured to control an environment within the enclosure. The control system includes an air source configured to supply air to the enclosure, one or more sensors, and a processor.

[0006] The sensors include one or more pressure sensors configured to measure a differential pressure between an interior of the enclosure and an exterior of the enclosure; one or more wall condition sensors attached to or incorporated into the enclosure walls and configured to obtain wall condition data indicative of the straightness of the walls and the expansion level of the enclosure; and one or more airflow sensors configured to determine airflow through the enclosure or through components of the enclosure.

[0007] The processor is configured to receive pressure data from the pressure sensor relating to the differential pressure and dynamic changes in the differential pressure. The processor is configured to receive wall condition data from the wall condition sensor and use the wall condition data to determine an expansion state of the enclosure. The processor is configured to control the airflow provided from the air source and the air vent. The processor is further configured to control the pressure inside the enclosure and the airflow into the enclosure based on the information received from the sensor to maintain a straightness of the wall at or above a predetermined minimum straightness that ensures good visibility through the wall, to maintain an intra-enclosure pressure within a predetermined pressure range, and to maintain an airflow through the enclosure within a predetermined airflow range.

[0008] Some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter include a method of operating an enclosure system. The method includes obtaining information from a plurality of sensors, including pressure sensors, wall condition sensors, and airflow sensors. The method includes processing the information obtained from the sensors to determine a pressure inside the enclosure, an airflow within the enclosure, and a straightness of the walls of the enclosure. The method includes controlling the airflow within the enclosure by controlling an air pump and vents / valves of the enclosure according to the information received from the sensors.

[0009] Some embodiments of the disclosed subject matter include methods for performing machine learning on control processes associated with enclosure expansion and operation of the enclosure under stationary, normal operating conditions.

[0010] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the subject matter recited in the claims. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0011] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS One or more embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and explained in the detailed description below.

[0012] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an exemplary enclosure system including a control system configured to receive information and control the enclosure.

[0013] [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary enclosure system in which the enclosure is part of a portable surgical system.

[0014] [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary air source configured to supply air and control airflow within the enclosure.

[0015] [Figure 4] FIG. 4 shows an exemplary enclosure system including an enclosure, an air source, an air duct or flexible tube, a pressure sampling tube, and an air vent.

[0016] [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary air source case that includes a protective cover configured to protect the filter of the air source from dust and other particles.

[0017] [Figure 6] FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary adapter configured to connect an air duct to an air source.

[0018] [Figure 7] FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary airflow separator and filter sensor.

[0019] [Figure 8] FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary wall condition sensor that includes a dual wall.

[0020] [Figure 9] FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary electronic system for receiving and processing information received from multiple sensors.

[0021] [Figure 10] FIG. 10 shows another example of the system shown in FIG.

[0022] [Figure 11] FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the system of FIG. 9 employing a different configuration of sensors, control systems, and alarms.

[0023] [Figure 12] FIG. 12 shows a flow chart of an exemplary method for monitoring the functioning of a pneumatic system formed by an enclosure, an air duct, and a control system.

[0024] [Figure 13] FIG. 13 illustrates an exemplary method of operating an enclosure system function of the differential pressure between the inside and outside of the enclosure.

[0025] [Figure 14] FIG. 14 shows a flow chart of an exemplary method for operating an enclosure system, determining a pneumatic model of the enclosure, obtaining knowledge about the enclosure, and determining abnormal or faulty operation of the enclosure.

[0026] [Figure 15] FIG. 15 shows several graphs illustrating examples of control functions configured to control the operation of the enclosure system.

[0027] [Figure 16] FIG. 16 illustrates an exemplary method of manipulating the enclosure system functions of multiple physical parameters, including pressure inside the enclosure, straightness of the enclosure walls, and airflow into the enclosure.

[0028] [Figure 17] FIG. 17 illustrates an exemplary method of operating an enclosure system using machine learning techniques and a machine learned system model.

[0029] Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicate like elements.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Aspects of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings that represent exemplary embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0030] (Detailed Description) The example enclosure system described herein can be used in a variety of applications, including when performing surgical procedures. For example, the enclosure system can be placed over a patient during surgery to provide a clean and disinfected environment for the surgery and avoid contamination of the patient. The protection that the enclosure system provides is crucial, especially when the surgery is performed in an environment that is not sufficiently disinfected. For example, when the surgery is performed in a disaster area or outside of a hospital, the environment around the patient may be contaminated, and performing the surgery in such a location may pose a significant risk to the patient's health due to environmental contamination. The enclosure system as described in this disclosure can provide protection for the patient. The enclosure system is carefully controlled through a control system that can control various control system environmental parameters, such as pressure, airflow, temperature, gas type, and particle / contaminant density at various locations inside the enclosure and associated components of the enclosure. The control system can be configured to function with multiple types of enclosure systems and multiple environments / situations.

[0031] Figures 1 and 2 show diagrams of an exemplary enclosure system. Figure 1 shows a block diagram of an enclosure system including a control system 2 configured to send and receive information to and from an enclosure 1.

[0032] It is often desirable for an enclosure system to maintain a predetermined overpressure inside the enclosure relative to ambient, and a predetermined minimum airflow through the enclosure, to maintain a desired environment within the enclosure (e.g., a desired air or gas purity, and low levels of contaminants, undesirable gases, or particulates). This disclosure describes embodiments in which an inflatable enclosure, control system, and environmental control method provides an initial overpressure and gas circulation for initial inflation of the enclosure 1, and thereafter maintains the overpressure and gas flow through the enclosure 1.

[0033] The inflation and environmental control method may include controlling the dynamic process of inflation, controlling airflow through the enclosure, maintaining a predetermined overpressure, and monitoring (or continuously monitoring) conditions inside the enclosure and outside the enclosure. The monitoring may measure several parameters related to the control method and the enclosure as well as the predetermined device. The control system 2 may be configured to determine when the inflation and / or pressurization conditions are abnormal and to generate an alarm signal. Because the operating environment and the controlled enclosure may change, the control system 2 may be configured to be highly self-adaptive and may include self-learning capabilities.

[0034] 2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the enclosure system. The enclosure system is part of a portable surgical system as described in International Patent Application No. PCT / US2021 / 058496, entitled "PORTABLE SYSTEM FOR Isolation and Conditioning of a Surgical Site Environment," which is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.

[0035] The enclosure system of FIG. 2 includes an enclosure 1 and a control system 2. The enclosure 1 is placed on the torso of a patient 7 such that one or more operators (e.g., surgeons, nurses, etc.) can access the torso of the patient 7 through an incision drape attached to the torso and perform a surgical procedure on the patient 7. The enclosure 1 is integrated with an arm port 6, allowing access to the interior of the enclosure 1 by an operator arm or an augmentation instrument that replaces an arm, such as a laparoscope or robot. In this manner, an operator can access a surgical site from inside the enclosure 1 and perform surgery. The enclosure 1 can be supplied with air via the control system 2 to form an internal sterile space / environment enclosed by the enclosure 1 above the surgical field, thereby allowing a user (e.g., surgeon) to perform surgery in a sterile environment. The enclosure 1 can be supplied with filtered air under positive pressure. The control system 2 may include an air source 3, an air duct 4, and wire connectors 5 configured to enable the control system 2 to receive information from the enclosure 1 (e.g., sensor data from sensors disposed inside the enclosure 1) and control various components (e.g., valves) of the enclosure 1. The air duct 4 may supply air from the air source 3 to the enclosure 1. The air duct 4 may be a flexible tube.

[0036] The control system 2 is configured to control the gas pressurization, expansion, and airflow while also functioning as a reliable and adaptive system. The control system 2 is configured to determine the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the enclosure 1, adjust the airflow in various parts of the enclosure 1, generate the desired pressure or airflow dynamics, and detect anomalous operation (e.g., airflow anomalies or signal anomalies). The control system 2 is configured to perform machine learning by learning from past control situations and control data including, for example, response times, process safety, noise and vibration levels (low levels are desirable), and power consumption (minimizing power consumption).

[0037] The control system 2 can generate, control and monitor the pressurization and / or expansion process of the enclosure 1. The control system 2 can be configured to maintain overpressure and a predetermined minimum airflow in the enclosure 1 while monitoring the elements of the entire enclosure system, such as the enclosure 1, the coupling of the enclosure 1 with the control system 2, and the power supply. The control system 2 can be configured to generate the necessary signals and alarms and display the relevant information. The control system 2 can have active or passive reservation blocks to ensure high reliability in operation, the ability to test and create a model of the enclosure 1, the ability to learn the model of the enclosure, and the ability to diagnose anomalies in the process.

[0038] The control system 2 may further include an electronic system that may include one or more of a processor, a display, an alarm device, an antenna, and a device for wirelessly transmitting data from sensors in the enclosure 1 or attached to the housing 1. The electronic system 20 may be configured to receive data from sensors in the enclosure 1, process the data, and transmit control signals to various components of the enclosure system. The various components of the enclosure system are described below.

[0039] Air source case

[0040] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an air source 3, which may include an air pump 11, an air filter 12, an air circulation chamber 13, an adapter 14 configured to connect with an air duct 4, an electronic subsystem 15, and a case 16 housing the air pump 11, the air filter 12, the chamber 13, and the electronic subsystem 15. When the air pump 11 is operating, the air source 3 may draw an input airflow from outside the case 16 through the filter 12 into the case 16 and direct the airflow into the air duct 4 and further into the enclosure 1. In some embodiments, the airflow may enter through and be purified by the filter 12. The airflow flows through a low turbulence coupling from the filter 12 to the air pump 11 and is absorbed by the air pump 11, generating pressure at the output. The airflow may be discharged through the low turbulence coupling 14 into the air duct 4 and directed through the air duct 4 to the enclosure 1.

[0041] The air pump 11 may be a fan or other suitable pump appropriate for the amount of air being circulated. A pre-filter may be provided in front of the filter 12 to protect the filter 12. A pressure sensitive valve may be included in the adapter 14, at one end of the adapter 14, or elsewhere along the airflow path to allow air to circulate from the air pump 11 to the enclosure 1, but stop airflow in the reverse direction from the enclosure 1 to the air pump 11. The air pump 11 and filter 12 may be positioned relative to the airflow such that the filter 12 is in front of the air pump 11 or the air pump 11 is in front of the filter 12. The air pump 11 and filter 12 may be joined or adjacent to each other such that no funnel-shaped joint is formed between them.

[0042] The air circulation chamber 13 can be configured to ensure a substantially laminar airflow from the filter 12 to the air pump 11 and from the air pump 11 to the air duct 4 and the enclosure 1. The inside of the walls of the chamber 13 may have specially treated or geometrically configured surfaces to reduce air friction. The chamber 13 may be a funnel-like structure with a wall configuration adapted to the airflow speed. For example, the walls can be provided on the surface in contact with the airflow with scale-like elements that can be displaced and tilted by a piezoelectric actuator, so that the shape of the funnel can be adapted to a direction that reduces air friction with the walls.

[0043] The electronic subsystem 15 may include a pressure sensor (e.g., a differential pressure sensor) connected to one or more pressure sampling tubes 18. The sampling tubes 18 may sample pressure at various locations within the enclosure system (e.g., enclosure 1, air duct 4, case 6) or at the surroundings. The electronic subsystem 15 may also be connected via wires to various devices and sensors of the enclosure system. The electronic subsystem 15 located inside the case 16 may be included in an overall electronic system 20 of the control system 2. The electronic subsystem 15 may be connected to sensors, displays, alarm devices, antennas, and devices for wireless transmission of data from sensors within or attached to the enclosure.

[0044] 4 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an enclosure system including an enclosure 1, an air source 3, an air duct 4, a first pressure sampling tube 19 disposed within the air duct 4, an air vent 21, a second pressure sampling tube 22 disposed within the vent 21, a third pressure sampling tube 23 that protrudes through the wall and is coupled directly to the enclosure 1, and one or more sensors 24 disposed within the enclosure 1. The sensors 24 may communicate with the electronic subsystem 15 via wires 26 or by transmitting wireless signals. The sensors 24 may be disposed within the enclosure 1 to monitor parameters such as airflow, pressure, temperature, humidity, particulate levels, etc.

[0045] Filter Cover

[0046] 5 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the case 16 that includes a protective cover 28 configured to protect the air filter 12 from dust and other particles 29. This protective cover 28 can provide protection when the case 16 is installed outdoors directly on the ground or in an industrial environment where the supporting surface may be covered with dust or industrial powders.

[0047] The pre-filter or filter 12 may be protected during transport or storage by a cover 28. The cover 28 may be foldable and may prevent dirt and particles from the soil from being absorbed and entering the filter 12 or pre-filter. When open, the cover 28 is tilted 90° relative to the vertical plane of the wall of the case 16 so that the suction flow is primarily from above. o The cover 28 may form an angle less than 1 / 2 the width of the air pump 11, so that dust is prevented from being sucked in when the case 16 is placed in a field on the ground. The cover 28 may include side wings 28(b) to prevent lateral sucking of dust. A sensor may be provided to detect when the cover 28 is closed, such that operation of the air pump 11 is shut off when the cover 28 is closed.

[0048] Adapters and Connecting Sensors

[0049] As shown in FIG. 6, the air source 3 may include an adapter 14 configured to connect the air source 3 to an air duct 4 that directs air flow (e.g., under pressure) from the air source 3 to the enclosure 1.

[0050] The adapter 14 may include an airtight cap 31 configured to cover the adapter opening to prevent contamination of the interior of the case 16 when the air source 3 is not connected to the air duct 4. This may occur if the control system 2 and / or the interior of the air duct 4 are contaminated with particles, pathogens, or other harmful elements from the environment. The adapter 14 may include one or more connection sensors configured to determine whether the adapter is properly connected to either the cap 31 or the air duct 4. In some embodiments, the connection sensor includes two metal electrodes 32 on the outer surface of the adapter 14 and a cap electrode 33 on the inner surface of the cap 31 such that when the cap 31 is properly connected, the cap electrode 33 short-circuits the electrodes 32 and establishes a current path between the electrodes 32 on the adapter 14. A suitable electronic circuit detects the status of the electrical path between the two electrodes 32. If there is no current path between the two electrodes 32, an alarm is set to signal a risk of contamination. Similarly, the air duct 4 may include a cap electrode 33 configured to cooperate with the electrode 32 to function as a connection sensor.

[0051] In some embodiments, the connection sensor may be a photodiode 34, a phototransistor, or a similar device sensitive to light. If the cap 31 or the air duct 4 does not cover the top of the adapter 14, light may penetrate the light sensitive device and an alarm may be generated. In some embodiments, one set of connection sensors may be used to determine correct connection of the cap 31 and another set of connection sensors may be used to determine correct connection of the air duct 4. If the cap 31 and / or the air duct 4 are not properly connected, different alarm signals may be generated (e.g., a first alarm signal responsive to improper connection of the cap 31 and a second alarm signal responsive to improper connection of the air duct 4) so ​​that the control system 2 can distinguish between the signals.

[0052] In some embodiments, the connection sensor may include one or more of a capacitive electrode forming a proximity sensor, two inductances forming a proximity sensor, a metal plate and an inductance forming a proximity sensor, a pressure sensor (piezoresistive or other type), a small magnet and a Hall sensor that together form a proximity sensor, a photodiode or other light sensing device that senses the opening of an opaque lid, or combinations thereof.

[0053] The control system 2 can use information from the connection sensor to determine the period (and length of time) that the adapter has been open and exposed. In some embodiments, if the control system 2 determines that the adapter 14 has been open for a period longer than a first threshold time, an alert is issued. If the control system 2 determines that the adapter 14 has been open for a period longer than a second threshold time, the control system 2 can sound an alarm and / or stop operation and determine that the air source 3 and / or enclosure 1 have been contaminated. The control system 2 can also display a warning that the air source 3 and / or enclosure 1 are contaminated.

[0054] Filter Sensor

[0055] 7(a) and 7(b), the air source 3 may include one or more airflow separators 35 disposed near the filter 12 to divide the airflow. The airflow separators 35 include one or more thin walls 36 disposed vertically on the filter 12. The airflow may be in a direction parallel to the walls 36 (as shown in FIG. 7(b)). The airflow separators 35 may be arranged to form a honeycomb-like structure. The airflow separators 35 may be configured to generate a uniform airflow with a desired laminar flow, such as forming an identical airflow in each cell of the honeycomb structure. The airflow separators 35 may be disposed on either side of the filter 12 or on both sides of the filter 12.

[0056] The air source 3 may further include one or more filter sensors 37 (as shown in FIGS. 7(b) and 7(c)) configured to provide information regarding air flow and / or pressure in the different filter regions. In some embodiments, the filter sensor 37 may measure the air flow difference and / or the differential pressure between two adjacent filter regions separated by a plane 36 (as seen in FIG. 7(c)). The control system 2 may include a processor configured to receive information from the filter sensor 37, determine the filter condition, and generate a message regarding the filter status for display (e.g., the filter is working well, the filter needs to be replaced, etc.).

[0057] During operation, air filter 12 may become clogged with dust and other particles, or may become punctured by larger particles or objects moving at high velocity. Thus, to maintain air filter operation, air filtration may be monitored to detect problems similar to those described above. In some embodiments, uniformity of filter operation is performed by comparing dynamic and / or static pressures in sections of the airflow after and before filter 12.

[0058] The method for monitoring filtration may include measuring dynamic and / or static pressure (or pressure difference / airflow difference) in symmetric regions of the airflow with a set of pressure sensors or a set of differential pressure sensors 36. Asymmetry of the airflow or a change in asymmetry over time may indicate potential filter clogging, which may occur asymmetrically from top to bottom and from center to side, or the formation of holes in the filter 12, which may occur asymmetrically, or other anomalies in the filter operation. To further increase the sensitivity of the method and the measurement, thin walls (such as the walls 36 of the airflow separator 35) that do not impede the airflow and prevent mixing of airflow from different parts of the airflow may be symmetrically placed to separate the symmetric parts of the airflow. Thus, differential measurements can be made between the regions separated by the thin walls. For this purpose, one planar or several semi-planar surfaces (walls) 36 may be used. The filter sensors may be pressure sensors and / or anemometers that sense the asymmetry of the speed of the airflow in the respective regions.

[0059] The electronics of the control system 2 can use information from the filter sensor to detect asymmetry in air pressure or airflow in the area behind the filter defined by surface (wall) 36, and if substantial asymmetry in air pressure or airflow is detected, the control system 2 can generate a warning. If a significant asymmetry is detected, the control system 2 can cease operation and display a warning (or other notification) that the filter needs replacing.

[0060] Pressure Sensors

[0061] To control the pressurization and / or expansion of the flexible, inflatable, or fixed volume enclosure 1, means for determining the pressure within the enclosure 1 and / or the static pressure difference between the interior and exterior of the enclosure 1, as well as other means for detecting the expansion state, may be utilized. Various types of pressure and / or differential pressure sensors may be used, provided their operating range, sensitivity, and response time meet the operating conditions of the intended application. The enclosure system may include one or more pressure sensors. The pressure sensors may include differential pressure sensors and / or absolute pressure sensors.

[0062] The pressure sensor may be located inside the enclosure 1, such as sensor 24 in Figure 4, or it may be located outside the enclosure 1 and connected to the interior of the enclosure 1 via a pressure sampling tube, such as tubes 19, 22, 23 in Figure 4. A pressure sensor located inside the enclosure 1 may transmit data to the control system 2 wirelessly or via a wire connected to the electronics system 20.

[0063] The differential pressure sensors may be positioned to measure a differential pressure between an interior of the enclosure 1 and an exterior of the enclosure 1. In some embodiments, at least some of the differential pressure sensors are attached to (or contained within) the enclosure wall and comprise a first measurement surface located inside the enclosure 1 that senses ambient pressure, and a second measurement surface located outside the enclosure 1. The differential pressure sensors are configured to measure a pressure difference between the interior and exterior of the enclosure 1.

[0064] Pressure Tubes and Vents

[0065] In some embodiments, at least some of the differential pressure sensors are attached to pressure sampling tubes that traverse the enclosure walls. The differential pressure sensors are placed (and connected) to one end of the pressure tube that is placed outside the enclosure 1, while the other end of the pressure tube is placed inside the enclosure 1 to sample the pressure at a specific location inside the enclosure 1. The pressure sensors and pressure sampling tubes can be used to sample pressure at various locations within the enclosure system or just outside the enclosure system. The enclosure system can include several such tubes and sensors to measure pressure at various locations in the enclosure system. The pressure sampling tubes that traverse the walls of the enclosure 1 may be coupled to airtight ports to prevent air leakage. The pressure sensors are placed inside the case 16 and can measure pressure outside the case 16, inside the enclosure 1, or inside the case 16 via the pressure tubes, as shown in Figures 2-3.

[0066] 4, the enclosure 1 may include one or more vents 21 such that air is continuously circulated within the enclosure 1. The vents 21 may include valves configured to open the vents 21, close the vents 21, or adjust the air resistance of the vents 21. The air duct 4 may include one or more valves configured to open the air duct 4, close the air duct 4, or adjust the air resistance of the air duct 4. The processor 50 may be configured to control the airflow provided by the air source 3, as well as the airflow level through the vents 21 and the air ducts 21 by controlling the air resistance (open, closed, or intermediate resistance) of valves coupled to the air source 3, the air duct 4, and / or the vents 21.

[0067] The vent 21 may include one or more pressure sampling tubes 22 that sample the pressure inside the enclosure 1. The vent 21 may include an airflow sensor. In some embodiments, the pressure sampling tube 23 may enter the enclosure 1 through one of the walls of the enclosure 1 via an airtight coupling. In some embodiments, several differential pressure sensors are placed inside the enclosure 1 and are coupled to the pressure sampling tubes that sample the ambient pressure. The differential pressure sensors are integrated into the walls of the enclosure 1, with one side of the sensor exposed to ambient pressure and the other side exposed to the internal pressure, thus avoiding the use of pressure sampling tubes.

[0068] Pressure data processing

[0069] The pressure sensors may transmit data wirelessly or wired to an electronic system of the enclosure system. A processor may be configured to receive pressure data from the pressure sensors related to differential pressure and / or dynamic changes in differential pressure. The processor may use the pressure data in combination with data from other sensors to determine an expansion state of the enclosure 1. The electronic system 20 may be configured to receive data from the sensors in the enclosure 1, process the data, and transmit control signals to various components of the enclosure system.

[0070] One or more sensors may be positioned inside the enclosure 1 to measure one or more of air pressure, differential pressure, air velocity, temperature, or other variables of the environment inside the enclosure 1. In some embodiments, the sensors may transmit sensor data to the control system 2 via radio waves using an antenna, such as a strip antenna deposited on or embedded in the wall of the enclosure 1.

[0071] The control system 2 may be configured such that when the air duct 4 is connected to the air source 3 and the enclosure 1, the pressure sampling tube is connected, and the control system 2 receives differential pressure measurements, basic control of the system is established.

[0072] Wall Status Sensor

[0073] When a flexible enclosure is inflated, pressure and differential pressure measurements may not be sufficient to accurately control the state of the enclosure 1 and its walls. In fact, flexible walls may behave differently with temperature, develop wrinkles that cannot be tightened by normal inflation pressure, and changing conditions may lead to excessive local stresses or incorrect shapes in the walls. Therefore, to improve pressurization control, the state of the walls must be taken into account in addition to pressure and other physical parameters.

[0074] The enclosure system may include one or more wall condition sensors configured to obtain data indicative of a state of straightness of a portion of the wall of the enclosure 1 where the wall condition sensor is located and an expansion level of the enclosure 1. The wall condition sensors may be mounted on the wall or may be integrated into the wall at various locations of the enclosure 1. The processor 50 may be configured to receive the wall condition data from the wall condition sensors and to use the wall condition data to determine an expansion state of the enclosure 1. The processor may further be configured to control the pressure inside the enclosure 1 and the airflow into the enclosure 1 based on the information received from the sensors, thereby enabling the straightness of the wall to be maintained above a predetermined minimum straightness. In doing so, visibility through the wall is ensured. In some embodiments, the enclosure may have a maximum pressure value above which pressure may pose a health risk to a patient in the enclosure. Thus, the control system 2 may control the pressure inside the enclosure 1 such that the pressure inside the enclosure 1 is below a pressure level associated with a patient safety threshold limit.

[0075] The wall condition sensors may include one or more types of sensors, such as strain gauges, wall position sensors such as triaxial accelerometers (3D accelerometers), capacitive sensors, tilt sensors, etc. Such sensors may complement or replace pressure sensors in assessing the inflation condition. Sensors for monitoring the wall condition may be mounted inside the enclosure 1, mounted on the wall, mounted on the outside of the wall, or included in a flexible wall. The control system 2 may further include one or more cameras configured to obtain still or moving images of the wall and monitor the wall condition. The processor may obtain the images of the wall from the cameras and determine the wall condition (e.g., the straightness of the wall).

[0076] Double Wall Sensor

[0077] FIG. 8 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a double-walled sensor. The double-walled sensor may be disposed between a first wall 41, which is part of the wall of the enclosure 1, and a second wall 42, which is a flexible foil attached to the first wall 41, as seen in FIG. 8. The double-walled sensor may include a force / pressure sensing device 43 disposed between the first wall 41 and the second wall 42. The first wall 41 and the second wall 42 may form a small pocket in the enclosure wall. The first wall 41 and the second wall 42 may exert a compressive force on the force / pressure sensing device 43, for example, when the walls 41 and 42 straighten due to a high pressure difference between the inside and outside of the enclosure 1. The force / pressure sensing device 43 is configured to measure the pressure / force generated by the walls 41 and 42 due to the straightening of the walls. When the enclosure 1 is fully inflated, the flexible wall 42 and the first wall 41 generate a pressure that is detected by the force sensor 43 and indicates the level of expansion of the enclosure 1. Thus, the force measured by the force / pressure sensing device 43 provides a measurement of the straightness of the wall. The force / pressure sensing device 43 can have any suitable shape including, for example, a rectangular cross-section, a circular cross-section, or a cross-section formed as a circular segment 45 covering a pre-expanded gas bubble 44 that recesses as pressure inside the enclosure 1 increases.

[0078] In some embodiments, a semicircular object 44 may be placed in the pocket between the walls 41 and 42 and covered with a pressure sensitive film 45, such as a piezoresistive film. The resistance of the film 45 varies in proportion to the straightening and tension of the walls 41 and 42. In such an embodiment, the object 44 with the piezoresistive layer 45 and the piezoresistive layer connection may form the sensor 43. Measurement of the respective pressure signals indicates the straightening of the walls 41 and 42. In some embodiments, the object carrying the piezoresistive film may have a parallelepiped shape with rounded corners, and the piezoresistive film may be attached directly to the enclosure wall or to a flexible layer of the pocket. The processor may receive wall state data from the force / pressure sensing device 43 and determine the expansion state of the enclosure 1 based on the wall state data.

[0079] Strain Gauge Sensors

[0080] Strain associated with the enclosure 1 can be detected using strain gauge sensors connected to the inner or outer surface of the walls of the enclosure 1. In some embodiments, the wall condition sensor can include a strain gauge sensor that is disposed and attached to the inner or outer surface of the enclosure wall and can deform with the wall. Straightening / deformation of the wall can cause the strain gauge sensor to deform in response to a force proportional to the straightness level of the wall.

[0081] Cavity Sensor

[0082] In some embodiments, a small sealed cavity can be created on the enclosure wall (inside or outside) by attaching a flexible layer to the enclosure wall. The cavity thus has at least one of its walls formed by the enclosure wall. The sealed cavity is pressurized at a pressure slightly lower than the target pressure in the enclosure. A wall condition sensor may be disposed in the sealed cavity. When the pressure in the enclosure reaches the target value, the volume of the cavity decreases due to the elongation of the enclosure wall and the internal pressure in the enclosure 1. The wall condition sensor may include two electrodes forming a capacitor disposed in the cavity. The electrodes of the capacitor move when the volume of the cavity decreases, thereby changing the capacitance. When the wall is straight, the capacitance reaches a certain preset value.

[0083] Printed Interdigital Capacitor

[0084] In some embodiments, interdigital capacitors can be printed or placed on a flexible support of the enclosure 1 to determine the straightening or expansion level of the walls of the enclosure 1. The flexible support can be attached to the wall and deform with the wall surface, changing the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor. When the wall and support are straight, a particular capacitance value is obtained. The interdigital capacitors can be printed directly on the flexible walls of the enclosure 1.

[0085] Optical Fiber Sensors

[0086] In some embodiments, the wall condition sensor includes an optical fiber, a light source, and a fiber detector. The optical fiber is attached (or embedded) in the wall of the enclosure 1 and configured to deform with the wall. Deformation of the optical fiber leads to a change in the signal sensed by the fiber detector.

[0087] When the wall is fully expanded and there is no light loss in the fiber, the optical fiber will be straight, in which case the signal will be maximum. If the wall is not straight, the optical fiber will bend with the wall and the bending will result in light loss in the fiber. The signal detected by the fiber detector can provide an indication of how much the fiber is bent and how straight the wall is. In addition to the stress measurement function, the use of optical fiber Bragg grating sensors or optical polarizers in conjunction with the optical fiber further improves the measurement sensitivity and measurement accuracy of the optical fiber sensor measurement.

[0088] Various other methods of detecting the full expansion of the wall can be implemented using other types of sensors (e.g., optical sensors, capacitive sensors, magnetic sensors, inductive sensors, resistive sensors, piezoresistive strain or stress sensors, piezoelectric sensors, mechanical deformation sensors). Image and video acquisition devices including Time-of-Flight cameras can also be used to monitor the full expansion and straightness of the wall.

[0089] The use of a wall straightness sensor or a wall tension sensor placed at one or several positions on the walls of the enclosure 1 is recommended, since an internal pressure sensor in the enclosure 1 provides indirect and integrated information on the complete and correct expansion of the enclosure 1. In some embodiments the sensor is an interdigital capacitance sensor that reaches a certain capacitance when the sensor support is flat.

[0090] In some embodiments of the control system 2 in which a sensor for wall straightness is used, the information provided by the sensor for wall straightness may be obtained by a processor of the control system 2 and may complement and fuse with information from the pressure sensor to improve the inflation control of the enclosure 1. For example, the control system 2 may store, for a particular enclosure, a pressure difference value between the inside and outside of the enclosure 1 where the walls are fully inflated, and utilize a target pressure difference for future inflation and pressurization processes in the self-learning process of the control system 2.

[0091] Vibration and Sound

[0092] The enclosure 1, air duct 4, and control system 2 vessel may be provided with sound and vibration sensors to control the amount of sound and vibration generated during the expansion and pressurization processes. Other sensors including flow sensors, dynamic pressure sensors, and temperature sensors may be used in the enclosure 1, in the control system 2 vessel, and in the air duct 4 from the control system 2 to the enclosure 1 to further analyze operating conditions and adjust controls accordingly.

[0093] electronic equipment

[0094] In some embodiments, the electronics of the control system 2 may include a battery or other suitable power source, circuits for monitoring and regulating the charging and discharging of the battery, voltage regulators, and power monitors, one or several pressure and / or differential sensors, one or several sensors for airflow, wall expansion sensors, sensors for stress in the wall, temperature sensors, air humidity sensors, and sensors for other parameters of the inflated enclosure or ambient parameters useful for control, one or several displays, one or several alarm blocks, general purpose I / O interfaces, communication means, and a core electronic system. The electronic system may perform numerous operations such as data acquisition, data processing, data storage, generation of control functions, generation of drive signals for the air pump, diagnosis and detection of abnormal conditions, generation of alarm signals, monitoring the entire system and surroundings, control decisions based on monitored parameters, learning to improve control, and driving all other output interfaces. One or more blocks of the electronic system may be equipped with redundancies to increase the reliability of operation.

[0095] 9 shows a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an electronic system for enclosure 1 that receives input from one or more sensors, processes the input to a data acquisition and primary control system 130, and sends control signals to an air pump control system 131. In some embodiments, systems 130 and 131 may be one or more processors. In some embodiments, systems 130 and 131 may be a combination of hardware and software, including, for example, circuitry such as a first primary circuit 130 that converts signals received from a sensor into signals suitable for processing by a secondary control circuit 131, which may drive an air pump.

[0096] 10 and 11 show an exemplary embodiment of the system depicted in FIG. 9 including a primary control system 130, a second primary system 132, a supervisor processor 134 that monitors the proper operation of systems 130 and 132, and a manual control switch 135 that a user can set to a completely isolated third backup primary control electrical system 133 that can send a signal to the drive electrical system 131.

[0097] The second primary control block 132 may provide redundancy for the operation of the first primary control system 130 and may have a second, spare, third primary control circuit 133 configured for use in critical applications. While the first primary control block 130 is digital, the second primary control electrical circuit 132 may be reduced in functionality for graceful degradation operation and improved reliability (e.g., if the integrated circuits of the first primary control block 130 do not function properly, the backup circuitry of the second primary control electrical circuit 132 may have acceptable performance, but may not match the performance standards of the integrated circuits of the first primary control block 130) and may use some analog circuitry to convert signals from sensors into signals suitable for input to the secondary control circuit 131.

[0098] The secondary control circuit 131 can receive input signals from any of the primary control electrical systems and convert the received signals into signals for driving the air pump. The primary control systems 130, 132, 133 can also perform parametric monitoring of the operation of the air pump, the operation of the airflow through the pneumatic system, and the operation of the battery. The primary control systems 130, 132, 133 can issue visual and audible alarm signals, and any of the primary control systems 130, 132, 133 can also display information about the operation, appropriate warning statements, and operation suggestions on a display. Switching between the first and second primary control systems can be done manually or automatically by a monitoring system 134 that monitors the operation of the first primary control system 130 and detects its failures. Switching to the third primary control system 133 can be done manually by a switch control 135 for maximum control over operation by a human operator.

[0099] The primary control systems 130, 132, 133 may perform certain signal processing tasks including filtering the signal from noise, smoothing the signal from the sensors, and fusing information from various sensors (e.g., fusing information from pressure sensors with information from wall condition sensors).

[0100] The first and second primary control systems 131, 132 may generate either analog or digital signals to control the secondary control system 131. The monitoring system 134 may monitor the operation status of the first primary control system 131, decide to switch operation to the second primary control system 131 when operation of the first primary control system 130 is insufficient, and decide when to reset operation of the first primary control system 130.

[0101] One or more sensors may have analog / digital outputs and may be connected to an electronic system and may transmit information wirelessly (optically, ultrasonically, radio electromagnetic waves, infrared, or other suitable means) to the electronic system.

[0102] Part of the electronic system may be digital if the sensors produce digital outputs, or it may be a hybrid analog-digital system if at least some of the sensors have analog outputs. The data acquisition and primary control system may be fully analog if monitoring, fault identification, and other complex functions are not required or are limited to simple functions that can be easily implemented with analog circuitry.

[0103] While separation of functionality into primary and secondary control systems 130-133 is one exemplary embodiment utilized as it is useful for programming purposes and design simplicity, in some embodiments one or more physical devices such as a microcontroller or FPGA may implement the functionality of both the primary and secondary control systems 130-133. In some embodiments, the second data acquisition and primary control block may be fully analog if monitoring, fault identification, and other complex functions are not required or are focused on simple functions that can be easily implemented with analog circuitry.

[0104] The operation of the control system 2 in a particular application may depend on the criteria established for system optimization. For example, in some embodiments, the criteria may be safe operation. Another criterion may be to maintain a constant pressure in the enclosure, which can be easily implemented for embodiments where a minimum airflow criterion or combination of criteria is used for optimization.

[0105] FIG. 12 shows a flow chart of a method for monitoring the functioning of a pneumatic enclosure system including an enclosure 1, an air duct 4, and a control system 2 (including an air source 3). In some embodiments, the control system 2 may start by performing a preliminary pre-operation check, as shown in step 136. Once powered on, the electronic system of the enclosure 1 gets signals from one or several sensors and starts analyzing the setup and operation of the enclosure system. At this stage, the enclosure system may determine whether the connection of the air duct 4 with the air source 3 and the enclosure 1 is correct by receiving signals from the connection sensors. Next, the system may check whether the filter air cover 28 is open or not.

[0106] In some embodiments, an initial functional test (and preliminary operational checks) is performed as shown in step 137 to determine the functionality of the enclosure system. The functionality of the enclosure system is tested by initializing the pressurization / inflation with a linear (stepwise, stepped) or other predefined function of the differential pressure and applying a control of increasing the differential pressure for a predefined time t0. During this phase, the symmetry of the airflow behind the air filter 12 is checked and a warning may be issued if the symmetry is not sufficient and operation may be stopped if the asymmetry is too great. Also during this phase, the airflow of the air source 3 and / or the pressurized enclosure 1 may be determined. The airflow may be compared to a predefined value or a value learned from the operation of similar enclosures and a warning may be issued if a significant discrepancy occurs. Furthermore, vibrations and sounds occurring during inflation in the enclosure 1, its walls, the air duct 4 or in the container of the control system 2 are monitored for learning and subsequently to avoid certain control parameters that cause undesirable behavior (e.g. too much noise and / or vibration). The control parameters include air pump power / airflow power and the status / air resistance of various valves. At this stage, information acquisition and model building are performed as shown in step 139. Some performance parameter values ​​of the enclosure system are extracted, such as the approximate flow resistance of the exhaust from the enclosure 1 and the approximate volume of the enclosure 1. Inappropriate pressure-flow conditions that generate large vibration and noise levels are stored to avoid them during normal operation.

[0107] The control method of FIG. 12 includes a system pre-test health check step 136, an initial pressurization and functional test step 137, a functional test block and dynamic pressurization learning block 138, a measurement and learning block 139 that measures the parameters of the pneumatic ensemble and an initial model learning of the pneumatic system formed by the enclosure, air duct, and control system, and a normal operation block 138 that, after the initial learning of the performance parameter values, monitors the functional and pneumatic system parameters in a continuous loop 140 and, if necessary, adjusts the control to the operating conditions in step 141. Steps 138-140-141 operate in a loop under conditions of normal operation of the enclosure system, continuously monitoring the parameters of the system and adjusting the operating conditions if necessary.

[0108] 13 illustrates a control method that includes the operations of performing a set of pre-initialization tests (block 136), initializing pressurization of the enclosure 1 with a predefined function (block 144), and testing whether a predefined pressure condition 142 is met within a predefined time (block 142). If the condition 142 is not met within the predefined time, the control system 2 issues an alarm and enters a fault mode (blocks 146, 148). If the condition 142 is met within the predefined time, the control system 2 enters a normal operating state, as shown in block 138 of FIG.

[0109] In the initial pressurization stage (block 144), the enclosure system may compare the actual differential pressure between the inside and outside of the enclosure 1 with a predetermined differential pressure threshold P1. If the resulting differential pressure does not become greater than the threshold P1 for a period of time from the start of pressurization, as shown in block 142, the enclosure system may issue an alarm and display a corresponding message on the display (block 146). The enclosure system may cease its operation until the system is restarted after corrective action is taken to address the pressure (block 148). If the initial inflation or pressurization test yields a positive result, the enclosure system may execute its normal operating condition (block 138). The normal operating condition may include various operations including, for example, filtering electrical noise in the signals from the sensors. For example, low-pass analog filters may filter the signals provided by the analog sensors and / or digital filters. Low-pass filtering may be used for signals received from pressure, airflow, and wall sensors used in the flexible enclosure. Low-pass filtering is useful because it can eliminate signal fluctuations due to movement of the walls of the enclosure 1 due to external forces (e.g., human manipulation, wind, etc.). The quality of the signal can be further improved by median filtering or other statistical filters adapted to the application of the enclosure 1.

[0110] In some embodiments, the system performs additional initial tests that include measuring the dynamic pressure and / or airflow velocity in the enclosure exhaust and / or air duct 4 and comparing these dynamic pressures to stored values ​​and / or the actual control system 2 airflow to determine if an air leak has occurred or if the exhaust or air duct 4 is blocked. If the conditions of the initial test do not match the desired operating conditions, a warning and / or alarm may be issued.

[0111] In some embodiments, after the preliminary (pre-test) and initial phase testing (initial phase includes inflation if the enclosure 1 is flexible), the pressurization control system enters a normal operating state 138 to maintain a constant differential pressure. This normal operating state 138 may be based on measurements of the differential pressure between the enclosure 1 and the ambient environment surrounding the enclosure 1 with the goal of maintaining a constant differential pressure. During the normal phase of operation, the enclosure system may use a predefined learning algorithm 40 to learn the details of the dynamics of the pressurization control of the enclosure 1, the air duct 4, and the control system 2. The learning may be supplemented by providing the control system 2 with learning data obtained from the operator or from other enclosure systems. The obtained information is used in future adjustments of the control to the operating conditions in step 141.

[0112] FIG. 14 shows a flow chart of a method of operating the enclosure system for determining a pneumatic model of the enclosure 1, obtaining data regarding the state or condition of the enclosure 1, and detecting abnormal conditions or behavior.

[0113] The method may include an operation 1401 in which the control system 2 obtains data and information from sensors regarding one or more of pressure and airflow inside the enclosure 1 and other components of the enclosure system (e.g., vents 21, air source 3), sound generated by the enclosure system, vibrations of the enclosure system, and wall distortion. The method may further include an operation 1402 in which the control system 2 obtains data and information regarding transfer functions of air ducts 4, vents 21, and valves of the enclosure system.

[0114] The method may further include an operation 1403 in which the control system 2 uses the information obtained in operations 1401 and 1402 to determine a set of characteristics of the obtained signals and data, such as a spectrum of the signal. The information may include fused data and / or signals of two or more data / signals, such as pressure data and vibration data. The method may further include an operation 1404 in which the control system 2 determines resonances of the enclosure system, such as a main vibration component of the spectrum, vibration components of the spectrum that are not low frequency components, and nonlinearly generated components.

[0115] The method may further include an operation 1405 in which the control system 2 obtains and stores data relating to recent control parameters, such as a time series of the control parameters. The method may further include an operation 1406 in which the control system 2 uses the information generated in operations 1404 and 1405 to derive a model of the system and parameters of the system and compares them to previous models of the same system and to models corresponding to various fault operating conditions.

[0116] The method may further include an operation 1407 in which the control system 2 uses the information generated in operations 1404, 1405, and 1406 to generate a model of the response of the control system 2 to various control sequences and scenarios.

[0117] The method may further include operation 1408, in which the control system 2 performs an overall system operation analysis to determine whether an abnormal operating condition (e.g., faulty operation) exists or whether the system is operating properly. The operation analysis is based on the information generated in operation 1407 and / or the machine learning data generated in operation 1409.

[0118] The method may further include operation 1409, in which the control system receives the data generated in operation 1408 regarding the functioning of the system, performs machine learning on the data, develops and stores learned data for the same type of control, develops and stores a learned system model, and develops and stores learned abnormal and operating conditions. Operations 1401 through 1409 may be repeated in a loop and performed iteratively.

[0119] The operations of the method illustrated in FIG. 14 may be repeated iteratively or periodically to generate a time sequence of the first time sequence t1, t2, t3, . . . t n , n may be any number greater than 1) to obtain a time-sequenced sequence of physical parameter measurements of the enclosure system. The measured physical parameters may include one or more of pressure in the enclosure, airflow within the enclosure system, wall status, vibration of the enclosure system, and sound generated by the enclosure system.

[0120] Based on the information about the physical configuration of the enclosure system, the control system can generate one or more physical models for the enclosure system. At least one of the physical models can describe a vibration behavior of the enclosure system.

[0121] The control system may be configured to control the control parameters according to a time sequence (e.g., a second time-ordered sequence T1, T2, . . . T mThe control system 2 can control and set the enclosure system with pulses that control the duty cycle of the air pump, the output airflow generated by the pump, and other parameters that control the air source. The control system 2 can further control the air resistance of one or more of the enclosure system components (e.g., the air vents, the air ducts, and the air output ports) by controlling valves included in the air vents, the air ducts, and the air ports. Each of the controlled valves is associated with one or more control parameters (e.g., valve parameters).

[0122] The control system 2 can determine a status of the enclosure system based on the physical parameters and the control parameters, and determine whether the status corresponds to faulty operation or to proper (e.g., non-faulty) operation. The status of the enclosure system includes at least a vibration status, an air pressure status, and an airflow status.

[0123] The control system 2 can determine a time series of the control parameters that leads to proper (e.g., non-faulty) operation of the enclosure system and configure the control system 2 according to the time series of the control parameters. The time series of the control parameters can be determined as a function of the status of the enclosure system, a physics model, and one or more machine-learned system models.

[0124] The control system 2 can be configured to generate a system model based on the status of the enclosure system, the physical model, and one or more machine-learned system models. The control system 2 can then update the machine-learned system model with the generated system model.

[0125] For a given air pump, there are pump regulation parameters that determine the operating point of the pump's pressure-airflow characteristics, and increasing the parameters increases the airflow. For example, for an air pump driven by an electric motor, increasing the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation (PWM) that controls the pump increases the airflow at a constant pressure on the pump. Thus, increasing the regulation parameter (e.g., PWM duty cycle) determines an increase in the pressure difference between the enclosure 1 and the surroundings (e.g., outside the enclosure system) depending on the pressure-flow characteristics of the pump. The control system 2 can include a signal conditioning and primary control law generation subsystem and a converter subsystem that converts the primary control law to a PWM control law or other control law specific to the type of motor or other actuator used to perform the physical level operations of the pneumatic control, such as air pumping and valves.

[0126] In some embodiments, adjustment parameters (also called control parameters) may be used to maintain the PWM duty cycle η and the differential pressure ΔP between the inside and outside of the pressurized enclosure constant. Pumping power is another control parameter related to the PWM duty cycle η and may be used below.

[0127] A method of operating the enclosure system may include the operations described below. The control system 2 may determine a differential pressure or a sequence of differential pressures ΔP at various times. The control system may evaluate a control function F(ΔP) having an input argument including the differential pressure ΔP and returning one or more values ​​of a control parameter, such as an airflow output value generated by an air pump. The control function F is configured to return a control parameter value for operating the enclosure system according to a desired operating condition. The control system 2 may adjust the control parameter (e.g., the output of the air pump) to the value returned by the control function for the measured differential pressure.

[0128] FIG. 15 shows a graph of several control functions F for a range of differential pressure ΔP, where the returned control parameter is the PWM duty cycle η of the air pump. In some embodiments, the control system 2 can operate according to the control function 1504 as described below. When the differential pressure ΔP is less than ΔP0, the returned parameter η has a constant value η1 (e.g., a relatively large value close to a maximum value), resulting in a large pump airflow output. When the differential pressure ΔP is greater than ΔP0 and less than ΔP1, the returned parameter η decreases linearly from η1 to η2. When airflow through the enclosure is desired, the value of η2 may be relatively small and correspond to airflow in a stable / normal operating range. When the differential pressure ΔP is greater than ΔP1 and less than ΔP2, the returned parameter η is held constant at a value of η2. When the differential pressure ΔP is greater than ΔP2, the returned parameter η is zero, which corresponds to zero airflow provided by the pump.

[0129] The control function F may include a set of adjustable parameters for configuring the shape of the control function. The adjustable parameters may include one or more of pressure values ​​such as ΔP1 and ΔP2, trigger control parameters such as η1 and η2, and linearity / nonlinearity coefficients. The control function F may be designed to generate various inflation states, such as fast inflation, slow inflation, and highly controlled inflation, depending on the situation.

[0130] A simple relationship that satisfies the condition that an increase in the regulation parameter determines an increase in the pressure difference (and similarly for a decrease) is a linear function ΔP=a+bη. The control function F=Fη(ΔP) may include a linear region as shown in 1502 and 1504. The linear dependence may be limited by a maximum value of η=100% at ΔP=0 and extended to pressure differences equal to or slightly larger than the desired pressure difference ΔP0. Some variations of the linear law are derived directly for specific application cases. As an example, if an enclosure needs to be pressurized quickly, a large value η close to 100% can be chosen for ΔP=0, provided that such a fast pressurization does not have drawbacks such as a high noise level or too high power consumption. Also, if enclosure 1 is pressurized quickly, the same high value η may be maintained in the interval [0,ΔP1] as shown in 1504. If enclosure 1 includes vents and a minimum flow is to be ensured throughout enclosure 1, then minimum values ​​η, η2 may be kept constant in the interval [ΔP0, ΔP2] as shown in 1506, and η may decrease from η2 to 0 in the same interval. A nonlinear relationship η=η(ΔP) such as 1508 and 1510 may be employed.

[0131] According to some embodiments, the enclosure system may initially start with a default linear law or control function F=η(ΔP) that meets design constraints (e.g., maximum power consumption, maximum level of radiated noise, etc.) and then continuously learn to improve the control law according to a predetermined criterion or set of criteria.

[0132] The control function F may be modified over time, for example according to a linear law, to gradually decrease η from a value η(ΔP2) to zero with some maximum pressure difference ΔP3. A smoother control function with continuous derivatives over the entire control interval may also be used. Also, a negative pressure difference may occur at the start of inflation of an inflatable enclosure if the enclosure is packed and sealed at a high altitude, such that the pressure inside the enclosure is lower than the atmospheric pressure at the inflation location. Thus, the system should respond to a pressure ΔP<0, as shown in graph region 1512.

[0133] In addition to monitoring the differential pressure, control system 2 may repeatedly measure and monitor other physical parameters such as airflow and temperature and adjust its control functions accordingly. In addition to control tasks, control system 2 may also monitor the condition of the battery if a battery is used to power the system and generate warnings if the battery level is low (e.g., an alarm if the battery level is below a threshold level).

[0134] A method of operating the enclosure system will now be described with reference to Figure 16. The control system 2 can continuously test the conditions that determine the control states and parameters by performing the following operations: First operation (1602): The control system 2 checks whether the pressurization condition ΔP ≥ ΔP minim (where ΔP is the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the enclosure 1, and ΔP minim Second action (1606): The control system 2 may determine whether a full wall expansion condition (enclosure wall straightness or distortion) σ ≥ σ minim (where σ is a measure of the straightness of the wall, and σ minim Third action (1608): The control system 2 determines whether the minimum airflow condition Q ≥ Q is satisfied. minim(where Q is a measure of the airflow in the enclosure and Q minim It can be determined whether the minimum airflow threshold (Δt) is satisfied. The above three operations can be performed consecutively in the order of the first operation, the second operation, and the third operation.

[0135] If any of the above conditions fail, the control system 2 may continue pumping at a pumping power higher than the minimum value. The level of pumping power may depend on the last failed condition, the value of ΔP, the values ​​of the failed variables, and other parameters of the operation when the condition fails (operation 1604).

[0136] Based on the known or approximated relationship between the internal and external pressure differential ΔP and the airflow Q = Q(ΔP), and the time moment tn, ΔP(t n )=ΔP n Based on the measured differential pressure at N2 -t N1 Over time, T, Q v Approximate total airflow during (T)

number

[0137] Each time a condition is satisfied, control system 2 may learn the values ​​of the control parameters (e.g., pumping power, valve status) and measured physical parameters (e.g., pressure, temperature, airflow) and pressurization dynamics that satisfied the previous condition (operation 1612). For example, when the enclosure system reaches a normal operating state, control system 2 may learn the temporal sequence of the control parameters and physical parameters prior to achieving normal operation. In some cases, when the enclosure system is in a fault operating state, control system 2 may learn the temporal sequence of the control parameters and physical parameters that lead to the fault operation. In some embodiments, if the last satisfied condition is airflow, then airflow Q ≥ Q minim , minimum airflow Q minim The values ​​P and σ that satisfy minim The dynamics of pressurization to reach is studied along with the ambient conditions, the noise level during the process, and the power consumption during the process.

[0138] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 16, a method for operating an enclosure system can include comparing the differential pressure to a pressure threshold, and generating airflow in the enclosure at an airflow level higher than a normal airflow level if the differential pressure is less than the pressure threshold. The method can further include generating a pass signal if the differential pressure is greater than the pressure threshold, determining a straightness of a wall of the enclosure, and comparing the straightness of the wall to a straightness threshold. The method can further include generating more airflow in the enclosure at an airflow rate higher than a maintenance airflow rate if the straightness of the wall is less than the straightness threshold, and generating a pass signal if the straightness of the wall is greater than the straightness threshold. The method can further include determining the airflow into the enclosure, and comparing the airflow to an airflow threshold, and generating more airflow in the enclosure if the airflow is less than the airflow threshold. The method may further include generating a pass signal when the airflow is greater than an airflow threshold, and determining and learning values ​​of pressure differential, wall straightness, and airflow that lead to a desired operating condition.

[0139] 17, in some embodiments, a method for operating an enclosure system may include an operation 1701 in which a control system 2 obtains a time series of control parameters leading to predetermined measurement signals / data corresponding to physical parameters of the enclosure system. The measured signals correspond to predetermined system statuses and / or predetermined operating conditions. The operating conditions may include one or more normal operating conditions and one or more abnormal / fault operating conditions.

[0140] The method may further include an operation 1702 in which the control system 2 uses the information obtained in operation 1701 to find an abnormal condition in the measured signal. The abnormal condition is indicative of and associated with one or more abnormal / faulty operating conditions. The faulty operating conditions may be classified into a set of classes according to the specification of the abnormal / faulty operating conditions, for example, a class corresponding to a leak in the enclosure, a class corresponding to a poor connection between the air source 3 and the air duct 4, a class corresponding to reaching a contamination threshold of the enclosure, a class corresponding to a clogged air filter, a class corresponding to a drop in internal pressure, a class corresponding to vibrations above a threshold, etc.

[0141] The method may further include operation 1703 in which the control system 2 compares the signals / data (e.g., data indicative of operating conditions) acquired in operations 1701 and 1702 with signals / data corresponding to a set of known abnormal / fault operating conditions. Operation 1703 further includes classifying the acquired signals / data (and corresponding operating conditions) into classes of abnormal / fault operating conditions.

[0142] The method may further include an operation 1704 in which the control system 2 accesses a database including control parameter time series leading to a given abnormal / fault operating condition and including a machine-learned model for the abnormal / fault operating condition.

[0143] The method may further include operation 1705, in which the control system 2 uses the information generated in operations 1703 and 1704 to determine, for the signal / data acquired in 1701, a predefined class of abnormal / fault operating condition to which the signal / data corresponds. If the signal / data acquired in 1701 does not correspond to a predefined class, the control system 2 generates a new class of abnormal / fault operating condition and associates the control parameter time series leading to the signal / data with this new class. The method may further include updating the database of operation 1704 with the new class.

[0144] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 17, a method for operating an enclosure system can include comparing a status of the enclosure system to a set of machine-learned system models including a faulty operation model and a proper operation model. The method can further include the control system 2 determining whether the status of the enclosure system corresponds to a particular faulty operation model. The control system 2 can be configured to generate classes of faulty operation models (each class corresponding to a different type of faulty operation state) and classes of proper operation models (each class corresponding to a different class of proper (e.g., non-faulty) operation state). The method can further include determining whether the system model corresponds to a class of the faulty operation model. If the system model corresponds to a faulty operation and the system model does not correspond to any class of the faulty operation model, the control system 2 can generate a new class of faulty operation model corresponding to the system model.

[0145] The learned temporal sequence of the control and physical parameters is used to build a machine-learned model of the enclosure system. The learning is performed for the optimization of the control behavior in relation to one or several specified criteria related to the different phases. For example, if the enclosure 1 is flexible and needs to be inflated, reaching the inflated state within a given time or as soon as possible, with or without straightness of the walls, may be the main optimization criterion for the first phase or the first two phases. In contrast, during the first minutes or even tens of minutes, it may not be essential to achieve a given average airflow, as long as an average airflow per hour is obtained. Thus, a state in which a given amount of airflow per hour is reached can be obtained while minimizing power consumption and average noise levels. The behavior is optimized based on various optimization criteria without fundamentally modifying the control system 2 or its main functions.

[0146] The learning of the optimized control is continuously performed by the control system 2 according to a predefined set of criteria. In some embodiments, Bayesian neural networks may be used, which is an established method for optimizing black-box systems that are difficult to evaluate. In some embodiments, the learning system is based on an inverse model of neural networks, which is suitable for extracting models of complex systems and optimizing their control or design. In some embodiments, the control system may use rule-based control with tunable rules, which are optimized during the learning of the system.

[0147] The embodiments described in this disclosure beneficially allow for controlling the enclosure system to optimize various settings such as pressure and airflow. As described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, the control system 2 may be configured to control and monitor the dynamics of the expansion process and enclosure pressurization during various expansion states. The expansion states include steady states where the environmental parameters of the enclosure system (such as pressure and airflow) are stable / constant in time. The enclosure system is generally used for its intended purpose at such steady states. Such steady states may be configured to maintain a predetermined minimum airflow through the enclosure while monitoring the enclosure and adapting to the conditions of the controlled process. The control system may be configured to support circulation of air through the enclosure while maintaining constant air pressure in the enclosure.

[0148] The control system 2 can be configured to control airflow through the enclosure under dynamic conditions. The enclosure may be flexible and inflatable. The enclosure may be a rigid fixed volume enclosure. The control system 2 can be configured to initially inflate the inflatable enclosure and, after the inflated state is achieved, to maintain constant air pressure within the enclosure while assisting in air circulation within the enclosure.

[0149] The control system 2 can be configured to determine whether the enclosure is an inflatable enclosure or a fixed volume enclosure by analyzing the evolution / dynamics patterns of the enclosure's physical parameters (e.g., airflow, pressure evolution over time). The control system 2 can be configured to activate an alarm to alert the user of abnormal inflation or other deviations from known inflation patterns.

[0150] The control system 2 can be configured to monitor and control the condition of the walls of the inflatable enclosure during inflation and to maintain a constant air pressure as air circulates within the enclosure. The control system 2 can be configured to control the enclosure depending on the condition of the walls.

[0151] The control system 2 can be configured to monitor and control the noise and vibration levels generated during the expansion and steady state conditions.

[0152] The control system 2 can be configured to learn the operating model and form information regarding the expansion patterns of the enclosures. The control system 2 can be configured to recognize if the connected enclosure is a previously learned enclosure type and to use the enclosure model and information to further improve pressure control within that type of enclosure.

[0153] The control system 2 may be configured to perform one or more of the following tasks: (i) supply purified air to the enclosures; (ii) control the inflation of flexible and fixed volume enclosures; (iii) control the pressure in the enclosures while air is circulated through them at a predetermined air flow rate; (iv) monitor the proper setup (installation) of the enclosure system and the control system 2; (v) test and monitor the operation of the power supplies included in the enclosure system; (vi) monitor the status of the air filtering elements; (vii) control the airflow through the enclosures under normal operating conditions at constant pressure; (viii) monitor the quality of the circulated air; (ix) generate a series of alarm signals in case of improper conditions; and (x) adapt the entire control, including the initial stages of inflation or pressurization, to the behavior of the enclosure and the entire pressure maintenance process (including the noise and vibration generated to improve control).

[0154] Additionally, control system 2 can be configured to improve control by learning and adapting the control process to the particular type of enclosure that it has previously learned about. Control system 2 can be configured to determine circumstances in which use of the enclosure system poses a threat of contamination from unpurified air; to remember that such circumstances have occurred; and to generate an alarm signal when such circumstances occur to prevent further use of the contaminated system.

[0155] The control system 2 may be configured to perform one or several tasks, including: a) acquiring data from multiple sensors and measuring devices; b) monitoring the deployment of the enclosure system, determining the degree of contamination of the enclosure during deployment and storing the acquired information; c) monitoring the condition of the enclosures, including the condition of the walls of the flexible and inflatable enclosures; d) determining a system model of the enclosure system and storing the system model; e) determining the level of power depletion when the power supply capacity is limited; e) displaying information and providing guidance regarding operation; and f) communicating with other systems and transferring data and learned information to and from other systems.

[0156] The control system 2 may include a series of sensors. The sensors may be located inside the enclosure or in the walls of the enclosure, the sensors may be built into the enclosure walls and form an integral part of the enclosure walls. The control system 2 may include sensors remotely connected to the enclosure via pneumatic sampling tubes, sensors that remotely collect data about the enclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0157] The control system 2 may include one or more components configured to transmit data from sensors to an electronic system to obtain data, process the data, analyze the data, and store the data for the purposes of process and enclosure control and monitoring, as well as machine learning from the data. Data processing may include determining how to control air pressure and airflow, communicating information, displaying data and information, generating alarms, etc. The control system 2 may use certain algorithms that perform machine learning to improve control and to adapt to pressure and airflow control conditions.

[0158] Although the control system 2 may be used with an inflatable enclosure having air circulation, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, fixed volume enclosures, flexible enclosures, sealed enclosures, and enclosures with vents and air circulation may be used.

[0159] The above-described embodiments may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments expressly described herein. Various changes, modifications, and equivalents of the systems, devices, and / or methods described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Descriptions of well-known functions and structures have been omitted for clarity and brevity.

[0160] It should be understood that one or more components of the control system 2 can be implemented remotely from the enclosure 1 and can be connected to the enclosure 1 via a wired or wireless communication network. For example, a processor can be located remotely from the enclosure 1 and can receive data from one or more sensors and can generate and transmit instructions to one or more components coupled to the enclosure 1 to maintain one or more conditions (e.g., pressure) within the enclosure 1. Various suitable networks can be used to facilitate communication with the control system 2. For example, long-range and / or short-range wireless networks such as Wi-Fi networks, cellular networks, or Bluetooth piconets can be used to facilitate communication between various components of the control system or between the control system 2 and other devices.

[0161] The described systems, methods, and techniques can be implemented using digital electronic circuitry, computer hardware, firmware, software, or combinations of these elements. Apparatuses implementing these techniques can include computer program products embodied in suitable input / output devices, computer processors, and machine-readable storage devices executed by a programmable processor. Processes implementing these techniques can be performed by a programmable processor executing a program of instructions that perform the desired functions by manipulating input data to generate appropriate output. The programs can be implemented using one or more computer programs or non-transitory computer-readable storage media containing instructions executable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor coupled to receive data and instructions from a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and to transmit data and instructions to the data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device. Each computer program can be implemented in a high-level procedural or object-oriented programming language, or assembly or machine language as appropriate, and in any case the language may be a compiled or interpreted language. Suitable processors include, by way of example, both general-purpose and special-purpose microprocessors. Typically, a processor receives instructions and data from a read-only memory and / or a random access memory. Suitable storage devices for embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, including, for example, semiconductor memory devices such as erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory devices, magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical disks, and compact disk read-only memories (CD-ROMs).Any of the above may be supplemented by, or incorporated in, specially designed ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits).

[0162] The computer-readable medium may be a machine-readable storage device, a machine-readable storage substrate, a memory device, a composition of matter affecting a machine-readable propagated signal, or one or more combinations thereof. The term "data processing apparatus" may encompass all apparatus, devices, and machines for processing data, including, by way of example, a programmable processor, a computer, or multiple processors or computers. In addition to hardware, an apparatus may include code that creates an environment for the execution of a computer program, such as code that constitutes a processor firmware, a protocol stack, a database management system, an operating system, or one or more combinations thereof. A propagated signal is an artificially generated signal, such as a mechanically generated electrical, optical, electromagnetic, or other signal that is generated to encode information for transmission to an appropriate receiving device.

[0163] A computer program, also known as a program, software, software application, script, plug-in, or code, can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and can be deployed in any form, as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computer program does not necessarily correspond to a file in a file system. A program can be stored as part of a file that holds other programs, or as data in a single file dedicated to that program, or in multiple associated files. A computer program may be executed on one computer, or on multiple computers located at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communications network.

[0164] The processes and logic flows described herein may be performed by one or more programmable processors executing one or more computer programs that perform actions by manipulating input data to generate output. The processes and logic flows may also be performed by, and devices may be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, such as an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit).

[0165] Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, a processor receives instructions and data from a read-only memory or a random access memory or both.

[0166] The elements of a computer may include a processor for executing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Typically, a computer also includes one or more mass storage devices for storing data, such as magnetic disks, magneto-optical disks, or optical disks, or is operatively coupled to receive data from, transmit data to, or transmit and receive data to, from, or to ...

[0167] Although many specifics are described herein, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the disclosure or the claims. Certain features described herein in the context of separate embodiments may also be combined. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple separate embodiments or in any suitable subcombination. Furthermore, although features may be described above as acting in a particular combination and even claimed as such, one or more features from the claimed combination may in some cases be deleted from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of the subcombination. For example, while a mapping operation is described as a series of separate operations, various operations may be divided into additional operations, combined into fewer operations, changed in order of execution, or deleted, depending on the desired implementation.

[0168] Similarly, the separation of various system components in the above-described embodiments should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems may generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products. For example, while some operations are described as being performed by a processing server, one or more of the operations may be performed by a smart meter or other network component.

[0169] The terms used in this specification, and particularly in the appended claims (e.g., the body of the appended claims), are generally intended to be "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as the term "including, but not limited to," the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least," the term "including" should be interpreted as "including, but not limited to," etc.).

[0170] Furthermore, where a particular number of introduced claim recitations is intended, such intent is expressly stated in the claim, and where such recitation is absent, such intent does not exist. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may include the use of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be interpreted as meaning that the introduction of a claim recitation with the indefinite article "a" or "an" limits a particular claim that includes such introduced claim recitation to embodiments that include only one such recitation (even if the same claim includes the introductory phrase "one or more" or "at least one" and an indefinite article such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and / or "an" should be interpreted to mean "at least one" or "one or more"). The same applies to the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations.

[0171] Furthermore, even if a particular number of an introduced claim is explicitly recited, a person skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the mere recitation of "recited twice" without other modifiers means at least two repetitions, or more than two repetitions). Furthermore, when phrases similar to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." or "one or more of A, B, and C, etc." are used, such constructions are generally intended to include A alone, B alone, C alone, a combination of A and B, a combination of A and C, a combination of B and C, or a combination of A, B, and C, etc. The term "and / or" should be interpreted accordingly. Furthermore, the terms "about," "substantially," or "approximately" should be interpreted to mean a value within 10% of the actual value (e.g., 3 mm or 100% (percent)).

[0172] Furthermore, disjunctive words or phrases presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the specification, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibility of including either term, either term, or both terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" should be understood as including the possibilities of "A" or "B" or "A and B."

[0173] Additionally, the use of terms such as "first", "second", "third", etc., is not used herein to necessarily imply a particular order or number of elements. Generally, terms such as "first", "second", "third", etc., are used as general identifiers to distinguish between different elements. Unless otherwise indicated, terms such as "first", "second", "third", etc., imply a particular order, these terms should not be understood to imply a particular number of elements. Additionally, unless otherwise indicated, terms such as "first", "second", "third", etc., imply a particular number of elements, these terms should not be understood to imply a particular number of elements.

[0174] Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and alterations can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. For example, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order to achieve desirable results.

Claims

1. one or more enclosure walls comprising a flexible material and at least one transparent portion, the enclosure walls providing a wall of the enclosure; A vent having variable air resistance; and a control system configured to control an environment within the enclosure; The control system includes: an air source configured to supply air within the enclosure; one or more sensors comprising a wall condition sensor coupled to the one or more enclosure walls and configured to obtain wall condition data indicative of a straightness level of the one or more enclosure walls and an expansion level of the enclosure; 1. A processor comprising: receiving the wall condition data from the wall condition sensor; determining the expansion level of the enclosure based on the wall condition data; controlling the airflow provided from said air source through said vent; 13. An enclosure system comprising: the processor configured to control a pressure inside the enclosure and the airflow into the enclosure such that the straightness level meets a straightness threshold for the enclosure.

2. the one or more sensors comprising one or more pressure sensors configured to measure a differential pressure between an interior of the enclosure and an exterior of the enclosure; the processor receives pressure data from the one or more pressure sensors indicative of the differential pressure and dynamic changes in the differential pressure; determining the inflation level of the enclosure based on the pressure data and the wall condition data; and further configured to control the pressure inside the enclosure and the airflow into the enclosure such that the pressure inside the enclosure is within a predetermined pressure range and the straightness level of the one or more enclosure walls is equal to or greater than a minimum straightness threshold; 10. The enclosure system of claim 1, wherein the maximum value of the pressure inside the enclosure is less than a pressure level associated with a patient safety threshold limit.

3. At least one of the one or more pressure sensors is mounted to one or more enclosure walls and is coupled to a first measurement surface disposed inside the enclosure and a second measurement surface disposed outside the enclosure to measure ambient pressure; and / or 3. The enclosure system of claim 2, wherein at least one of the one or more pressure sensors is coupled to a pressure tube that penetrates the one or more enclosure walls.

4. the one or more sensors comprising an airflow sensor configured to detect airflow through one or more portions of the enclosure; and 3. The enclosure system of claim 2, wherein the processor is configured to control the pressure inside the enclosure and the airflow into the enclosure such that the pressure inside the enclosure is within the predetermined pressure range, the straightness level of the one or more enclosure walls exceeds the minimum straightness threshold, and the airflow inside the enclosure is within a particular airflow range.

5. at least one of the wall condition sensors is coupled to a portion of the one or more enclosure walls; and a flexible foil mechanically connected to the portion of the one or more enclosure walls; and a pressure sensing device disposed between the portion of the one or more enclosure walls and the flexible foil; the flexible foil is configured to apply a compressive force to the pressure sensing device when the wall is straight; and the pressure sensing device is configured to measure a pressure between a surface of the enclosure and a surface of the flexible foil; The enclosure system of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to receive the wall condition data from the pressure sensing device and determine the inflation level of the enclosure based on the wall condition data.

6. The pressure sensing device is A piezoelectric element; and a capacitive sensor configured to determine a compressive force applied to the pressure sensing device based on a change in spacing between capacitor plates of the capacitive sensor; The enclosure system of claim 5 comprising one or more of:

7. The wall condition sensor includes: a strain gauge coupled to an interior or exterior surface of the enclosure and configured to deform with the one or more enclosure walls; an interdigital capacitor coupled to the one or more enclosure walls, the interdigital capacitor configured to deform with the one or more enclosure walls, the deformation of the interdigital capacitor corresponding to a change in capacitance of the interdigital capacitor; and a camera configured to acquire images of the enclosure wall, the camera being configured to provide the images to the processor for determining the straightness level based on the images; The enclosure system of claim 1 , comprising one or more of:

8. 10. The enclosure system of claim 1, wherein the wall condition sensor comprises an optical fiber, a light source, and a fiber detector, the optical fiber being attached to the one or more enclosure walls and configured to deform with the one or more enclosure walls, and the deformation of the optical fiber corresponding to a change in a signal detected by the fiber detector.

9. The air source comprises: An air source case comprising: An air pump; and a filter coupled to the air pump and configured to filter an airflow generated by the air pump; and an air duct connecting the air source case and the enclosure and configured to supply filtered air from the air source to the enclosure, at least one end detachable from the enclosure or the air source case; a pressure sampling tube configured to detect a pressure level within the air duct; a section extending exteriorly of the enclosure; one or more sections within the enclosure; and and one or more valves for preventing backflow into the case. The enclosure system of claim 4 further comprising:

10. The air source case includes: one or more airflow separators disposed proximate the filter and configured to separate the airflows; one or more filter sensors configured to detect at least one of airflow, pressure, or both airflow and pressure over individual filter regions; and a difference in airflow, pressure, or both airflow and pressure in adjacent filter regions; 10. The enclosure system of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to receive filter sensor data from the filter sensor, determine a filter status, generate a message indicative of the filter status, and display the message indicative of the filter status.

11. 10. The enclosure system of claim 9, further comprising an adapter configured to connect the air duct to the enclosure, the adapter comprising a connection sensor configured to detect whether the adapter is connected to the air duct.

12. The enclosure system comprises: a vibration sensor configured to sense vibrations of the enclosure system; and a sound sensor configured to sense sound emanating from the enclosure system; 10. The enclosure system of claim 9, wherein the processor is configured to control the airflow provided by the air pump based on data received from at least one of the vibration sensor and the sound sensor to achieve an operating condition in which the vibration is below a vibration threshold and the sound is below a sound threshold.

13. 10. The enclosure system of claim 1, wherein the vent is partially open to allow the air to circulate continuously throughout the enclosure.

14. 2. The enclosure system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the vents includes a pressure sampling tube extending from the vent to an area within the enclosure, the pressure sampling tube being connected to a pressure sensor configured to detect pressure in the area within the enclosure.

15. 2. The enclosure system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine a status of the enclosure system and generate an alarm signal in response to determining that the status of the enclosure system indicates a contamination threat to the enclosure.

16. 13. The enclosure system of claim 1, further comprising one or more strip antennas disposed on the one or more enclosure walls, the strip antennas configured to wirelessly transmit or receive data from the one or more strip antennas to the processor.

17. one or more enclosure walls made of a flexible material and at least one transparent portion, the enclosure walls providing the enclosure; and 1. An enclosure system comprising a control system configured to control an environment within the enclosure, The control system comprises: an air source configured to supply air within the enclosure; one or more sensors, including one or more pressure sensors configured to provide data for determining a differential pressure between an interior of the enclosure and an exterior of the enclosure; 1. A processor comprising: receiving pressure data from the one or more pressure sensors indicative of the differential pressure and dynamic changes in the differential pressure; determining an inflation level for the enclosure based on the pressure data; and controlling the pressure inside the enclosure and the airflow through the enclosure such that the pressure inside the enclosure is within a particular pressure range and the airflow through the enclosure is within a particular airflow range; Equipped with The enclosure system, wherein a maximum value of pressure inside the enclosure is below a pressure level associated with a patient safety threshold limit.

18. At least one of the one or more pressure sensors is mounted to the one or more enclosure walls and is coupled to a first measurement surface disposed inside the enclosure and a second measurement surface disposed outside the enclosure to measure ambient pressure; and / or 20. The enclosure system of claim 17, wherein at least one of the one or more pressure sensors is coupled to a pressure tube that penetrates the one or more enclosure walls.

19. the one or more sensors comprising: one or more wall condition sensors coupled to the one or more enclosure walls and configured to obtain wall condition data indicative of a straightness level of the one or more enclosure walls and a level of expansion of the enclosure; The processor, receiving the wall condition data from the one or more wall condition sensors; determining an expansion level for the enclosure based on the wall condition data and the pressure data; controlling the airflow provided from said air source through an air vent; 18. The enclosure system of claim 17, configured to control pressure inside the enclosure and airflow into the enclosure such that the pressure inside the enclosure is within a predetermined pressure range and a straightness level of the one or more enclosure walls is above a minimum straightness threshold.

20. the one or more sensors comprising an airflow sensor configured to detect airflow through one or more portions of the enclosure; and 20. The enclosure system of claim 19, wherein the processor is configured to control the pressure inside the enclosure and the airflow into the enclosure such that the pressure inside the enclosure is within the predetermined pressure range, the straightness level of the one or more enclosure walls exceeds the minimum straightness threshold, and the airflow through the enclosure is within a specific airflow range.

21. 1. A method of operating an enclosure system comprising an enclosure and an air pump, comprising: Determining a differential pressure between an interior of the enclosure and an exterior of the enclosure; and controlling an output level of the air pump to an airflow output value based on the pressure difference; The airflow output value is a first airflow range when the differential pressure is less than a first pressure value; a second airflow range when the differential pressure is greater than the first pressure value and less than a second pressure value; When the differential pressure is greater than the second pressure value, the system is in a third airflow range.

22. the first airflow range corresponds to a first level of airflow generated by the air pump; the second airflow range corresponds to a second level of airflow generated by the air pump; the third airflow range corresponds to a third level of airflow generated by the air pump; the first level of airflow is greater than the second level of airflow; and 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the second level of airflow is greater than the third level of airflow.

23. 22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the airflow output value is determined based on a set of adjustable parameters including one or more of the first pressure value, the second pressure value, the first airflow range, the second airflow range, and the third airflow range.

24. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the adjustable parameters are selected to expand the enclosure at an expansion rate greater than a first expansion rate.

25. comparing the differential pressure to a pressure threshold; in response to the differential pressure being less than the pressure threshold, providing airflow within the enclosure at an airflow output having an airflow output level greater than a first airflow threshold; generating a first pass signal in response to the differential pressure being greater than the pressure threshold; determining a straightness level of the enclosure; comparing the straightness level to a straightness threshold; in response to determining that the straightness level is less than the straightness threshold, providing airflow to the enclosure at a second airflow output value greater than the airflow output value; generating a second pass signal in response to determining that the straightness level is greater than the straightness threshold; comparing the airflow to a second airflow threshold; in response to determining that the airflow is less than the second airflow threshold, providing airflow to the enclosure at a third airflow output value; generating a third path signal in response to determining that the airflow is greater than the second airflow threshold; and 22. The method of claim 21, comprising determining and learning values ​​of the pressure differential, the straightness level of the enclosure, and the airflow that lead to particular operating conditions.

26. periodically determining said differential pressure; periodically comparing the determined differential pressure to a pressure threshold; responsive to determining that the differential pressure is greater than the pressure threshold, controlling the enclosure system to operate in a first operating state; 22. The method of claim 21, comprising issuing a fault alarm in response to determining that the differential pressure is below a pressure threshold a period of time after inflation of the enclosure has begun.

27. periodically obtaining measurements of values ​​of one or more physical parameters, including pressure in a portion of the enclosure, airflow in a portion of the enclosure, wall status in a portion of the enclosure, vibration in a portion of the enclosure, and sound generated by the enclosure system; generating one or more physical models for the enclosure system that describe a vibration behavior of the enclosure system based on values ​​of the one or more physical parameters; and periodically setting control parameters for the enclosure system, including one or more of valve parameters and pump parameters; determining a status of the enclosure system based on the physical parameters and the control parameters; determining whether the status of the enclosure system corresponds to either a faulted or non-faulted mode of operation; and responsive to determining that the status of the enclosure system corresponds to the faulty operating mode, determining a value of the control parameter for operating the enclosure system in the non-faulty operating mode; 22. The enclosure system of claim 21 , wherein the value of the control parameter is determined based on the status of the enclosure system, the one or more physical models of the enclosure system, and one or more machine-learned system models associated with the enclosure system.

28. generating a system model based on the status of the enclosure system, the one or more physical models of the enclosure system, and the one or more machine-learned system models associated with the enclosure system; and 30. The method of claim 27, further comprising: using the generated system model to update the one or more machine learned system models.

29. comparing the status of the enclosure system to the one or more machine learned system models, the one or more system models including a faulty operating model and a non-faulty operating model, to determine whether the status of the enclosure system corresponds to a faulty operating model; generating said class of fault behavior models and a class of appropriate behavior models; determining whether the system model corresponds to a class of fault behavior models; and 30. The method of claim 28, further comprising: in response to determining that the system model corresponds to the class of faulty behavior, generating a second class of faulty behavior models that include the system model.

30. Carrying out pre-operational testing; performing a first enclosure inflation, a first pressurization, and a first functional test of the enclosure; receiving sensor data from one or more sensors of the enclosure system; determining one or more pneumatic parameters associated with the enclosure system based on the sensor data; determining whether the enclosure system is in a non-fault pressure flow condition; Running one or more functional tests; generating a pneumatic model of the enclosure system for system dynamics and sequences of control parameters; performing machine learning for the system dynamics to generate machine learned parameters; and 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising setting the control parameters based on the sensor data, the one or more functional tests, and the machine learned parameters.

Images