Thermoplastic polyolefin compositions having reactive compatibilization - Patents.com

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a composition. In one embodiment, the composition includes (A) a non-functionalized propylene-based polymer, (B) a functionalized propylene-based polymer, and (C) a functionalized ethylene-based polymer. The functionalized propylene-based polymer (B) and the functionalized ethylene-based polymer (C) each have a different functional group, the functional group being selected from the group consisting of anhydrides and amines.

Description

[Background technology]

[0001] Polyolefin elastomers (POE), including ethylene / α-olefin copolymers, are commonly used as impact modifiers for thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) compounds. When blended with polypropylene, other additives, and optionally reinforcing fillers (such as talc), POE can be applied to provide a balance of stiffness, impact toughness, and flow properties to TPO.

[0002] The art recognizes a continuing need for blends that achieve greater impact efficiency and improved stiffness-toughness-flow balance in polypropylene-containing TPO compounds. Additionally, the art recognizes a continuing need for TPO compounds that have an improved stiffness-toughness-flow-light transmission balance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present disclosure provides a composition. In one embodiment, the composition includes (A) a non-functionalized propylene-based polymer, (B) a functionalized propylene-based polymer, and (C) a functionalized ethylene-based polymer. The functionalized propylene-based polymer (B) and the functionalized ethylene-based polymer (C) each have a different functional group, the functional group being selected from the group consisting of anhydrides and amines.

[0004] definition Any reference to the Periodic Table of the Elements is to that published by CRC Press, Inc., 1990-1991. References to element groups in this table are to the new notation for numbering groups.

[0005] For purposes of United States patent practice, the contents of any referenced patent, patent application, or publication are incorporated by reference in their entirety (or the U.S. equivalent thereof is so incorporated by reference), particularly with respect to the disclosure of definitions (to the extent not inconsistent with any definitions specifically provided in this disclosure) and general knowledge in the art.

[0006] Numerical ranges disclosed herein include all values ​​between and including the lower and upper limits, and in the case of ranges containing explicit values ​​(e.g., 1 or 2, or 3-5, or 6, or 7), all subranges between any two explicit values ​​are included (e.g., the above range of 1-7 includes 1-2, 2-6, 5-7, 3-7, 5-6, etc.).

[0007] Unless stated to the contrary, implicit from the context, or customary in the art, all parts and percentages are by weight and all test methods are current as of the filing date of this disclosure.

[0008] The term "composition" refers to a mixture of materials that make up the composition, as well as reaction products and decomposition products formed from the materials of the composition.

[0009] The terms "comprising", "including", "having" and their derivatives are not intended to exclude the presence of any additional component, step, or procedure, whether or not it is specifically disclosed. For the avoidance of doubt, all compositions claimed through the use of the term "comprising" may include any additional additive, adjuvant, or compound, whether polymeric or not, unless specifically stated to the contrary. In contrast, the term "consisting essentially of" excludes from the scope of any succeeding description any other component, step, or procedure, except those that are not essential to operability. The term "consisting of" excludes any component, step, or procedure not expressly delineated or listed. The term "or" refers to the listed members individually and in any combination, unless otherwise stated. The use of the singular includes the use of the plural, and vice versa.

[0010] An "ethylene-based polymer" or "ethylene polymer" is a polymer that contains a majority amount of polymerized ethylene, based on the weight of the polymer, and may optionally include at least one comonomer. Ethylene-based polymers typically contain at least 50 mole percent (mol %) units derived from ethylene (based on the total amount of polymerizable monomers).

[0011] A "heteroatom" is an atom other than carbon and hydrogen. Heteroatoms can be non-carbon atoms from Groups IV, V, VI, and VII of the periodic table. Non-limiting examples of heteroatoms include F, Cl, N, O, P, B, S, and Si.

[0012] A "hydrocarbon" is a compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms.

[0013] An "interpolymer" is a polymer prepared by the polymerization of at least two different types of monomers. Thus, the general term interpolymer includes copolymers (used to refer to polymers prepared from two different types of monomers) and polymers prepared from three or more different types of monomers.

[0014] An "olefin-based polymer" or polyolefin is a polymer that contains a majority mole percent of polymerized olefin monomers (based on the total amount of polymerizable monomers) and may optionally contain at least one comonomer. Non-limiting examples of olefin-based polymers include ethylene-based polymers and propylene-based polymers. Representative polyolefins include polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polyisoprene, and various interpolymers thereof.

[0015] A "polymer" is a polymeric compound prepared by polymerizing monomers of the same or different types. Thus, the generic term polymer includes the term "homopolymer" (used to refer to a polymer prepared from only one type of monomer, with the understanding that trace amounts of impurities may be incorporated into the polymer structure) and the term "interpolymer" as defined herein below. Trace amounts of impurities, such as catalyst residues, may be incorporated into and / or within the polymer. It also includes copolymers of all forms, for example, random, block, etc. The terms "ethylene / α-olefin polymer" and "propylene / α-olefin polymer" refer to the above-mentioned copolymers prepared from polymerizing ethylene or propylene with one or more additional polymerizable α-olefin monomers, respectively. It is noted that although polymers are often referred to as "made with" one or more specific monomers, "based on" a specific monomer or type of monomer, "containing" a specific monomer content, etc., in this context, the term "monomer" is understood to refer to the polymerized residue of a specific monomer and not to the unpolymerized species. Generally, polymers are referred to herein in terms of "units" which are the polymerized form of the corresponding monomers.

[0016] A "propylene-based polymer" is a polymer that contains a majority amount of polymerized propylene, based on the weight of the polymer, and may optionally include at least one comonomer. A propylene-based polymer typically contains at least 50 mole percent (mol%) of propylene-derived units (based on the total amount of polymerizable monomers).

[0017] Test Method ASTM D792, Method B (g / cc or g / cm 3 ) to measure density.

[0018] Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) can be used to measure the melting, crystallization, and glass transition behavior of polymers over a wide range of temperatures. For example, a TA Instruments Discovery DSC equipped with an RCS (refrigerated cooling system) and an autosampler was used to perform this analysis. A nitrogen purge gas flow rate of 50 mL / min was used during testing. Each sample was melt-pressed at 190°C into a thin film, and the molten sample was then air-cooled to room temperature (approximately 25°C). 3-10 mg, 6 mm diameter specimens were extracted from the cooled polymer, weighed, placed in light aluminum pans (approximately 50 mg), and crimped shut. Analysis was then performed to determine its thermal properties.

[0019] The thermal behavior of the sample was determined by ramping the temperature of the sample and creating a heat flow vs. temperature profile. To remove its thermal history, the sample was first rapidly heated to 180° C. and held isothermal for 3 minutes. The sample was then cooled to −80° C. at a cooling rate of 10° C. / min and held isothermal at −80° C. for 3 minutes. The sample was then heated to 180° C. at a heating rate of 10° C. / min (this is the “second heat” ramp). The cooling curve and the second heat curve were recorded. The measured values ​​were the peak melting temperature T m and peak crystallization temperature T c The heat of fusion (H f ) (Joules per gram), as well as the % crystallinity of the polyethylene samples calculated using the following formula: % Crystallinity = ((H f ) / 292J / g)×100.

[0020] Heat of fusion (H f ) and peak melting temperatures were reported from the second heat curve. Peak crystallization temperatures were measured from the cooling curves.

[0021] Glass transition temperature T gwas determined from the DSC heating curves and the liquid heat capacity increased in half of the samples as described in Bernhard Wunderlich, The Basis of Thermal Analysis, in Thermal Characterization of Polymeric Materials 92, 278-279 (Edith A. Turi ed., 2d ed. 1997). Baselines were drawn below and above the glass transition region, and T g The temperature at which the heat capacity of the sample is halfway between these baselines is called T g It is.

[0022] Dynamic Mechanical Spectroscopy (DMS) The rheology of each composition was analyzed by DMS using an Advanced Rheometric Expansion System (ARES) equipped with 25 mm stainless steel parallel plates under nitrogen purge. Constant temperature dynamic frequency sweeps ranging from 0.1 to 100 rad / s were performed at 230 °C under nitrogen. Samples of approximately 25 mm diameter × 3.3 mm thickness were cut from compression molded disks (see below). The samples were placed on the lower plate and allowed to melt for 5 minutes. The plates were then closed to a gap of 2.0 mm and the samples were trimmed to 25 mm diameter. The samples were allowed to equilibrate at 230 °C for 5 minutes before testing began. Complex viscosity was measured at a constant strain amplitude of 10%. The stress response was analyzed in terms of amplitude and phase from which the storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G''), dynamic viscosity η * , and tan delta could be calculated. Each compression molded disk was formed at 230°C and 10 MPa molding pressure for 5 min in ambient atmosphere and then quenched between cooling platens (15-20°C) for 2 min. The complex viscosity η measured at a frequency of 0.1 rad / s * is reported as V0.1. The complex viscosity η measured at a frequency of 100 rad / s * is reported as V100. The rheological ratio RR was calculated as the ratio V0.1 / V100. Tan delta measured at a frequency of 0.1 rad / s is reported as tan δ.

[0023] Flexural Testing. Flexural testing was performed according to ASTM D790, Procedure A, Test Type 1. Specimens (5 inches long x 0.5 inches wide x 0.125 inches thick) were cut from the center of ASTM D638 Type I injection molded tensile specimens. Specimens were tested in a flatwise orientation with a 2 inch span and a crosshead speed of 0.05 inches / minute. Flexural modulus is reported as the tangent modulus of elasticity in megapascals (MPa).

[0024] Melt flow rates (MFR) of propylene-based polymers were measured according to ASTM D1238, condition 230° C. / 2.16 kilograms (kg) weight, unless otherwise noted.

[0025] The melt index (MI), also known as I2, of ethylene-based polymers was measured according to ASTM D1238, condition 190° C. / 2.16 kilogram (kg) weight, and is reported in g / 10 minutes.

[0026] Multiaxial Instrumented Impact (MAII) Testing. Multiaxial Instrumented Impact (MAII) testing was performed on an INSTRON CEAST 9350 Drop Tower Impact System (Dynatup) equipped with an environmental chamber and spring assist in accordance with ASTM D3763. Injection molded disks measuring 4 inches in diameter and 0.125 inches thick were tested. Disks were conditioned at the test temperature for at least 4 hours prior to testing. Specimens were removed from the conditioning freezer and placed in an environmental chamber at the specified test temperature. A test speed of 6.7 m / s was used with a total test mass of 29.131 kg with a 12.7 mm diameter tup. Multiaxial Dart Impact Testing. Five specimens were tested for each sample at each temperature. Specimens were tested at temperatures ranging from 0°C to -40°C. Peak and total energies are reported along with the percentage of specimens with ductile failure mode (no cracks radiating more than 10 mm from the center of the impact point). MAII peak and total energies are reported in Joules (J).

[0027] Notched Izod. Notched Izod impact testing was performed according to ASTM D256, Method A. Specimens (2.5 in. long x 0.5 in. wide x 0.125 in. thick) were cut from compression molded plaques or from the center of Type I injection molded tensile specimens of ASTM D638. Specimens were conditioned at 23 + / - 2°C and 50 + / - 10% relative humidity for at least 40 hours. For specimens tested at non-ambient temperatures, specimens were further conditioned at the test temperature for a minimum of 1 hour. Tests were performed at 23°C, 0°C, and -30°C. Kilojoules per square meter (kJ / m 2 The impact strength reported in is the average of the results for five specimens.

[0028] Tensile Testing. Tensile testing was performed according to ASTM D638 using 3.2 mm thick injection molded Type I tensile specimens and a crosshead speed of 2 in / min. Tensile yield strength (reported in MPa) and tensile elongation at break (reported in percent, %) are reported as the average of five specimens. In some cases, the specimens did not break at the maximum available elongation on the tensile test frame, but in these cases the elongation at break is reported as greater than that maximum available elongation.

[0029] Transmittance Testing. Total hemispherical luminous transmittance was measured according to ASTM D1003 using injection molded disks 4 inches in diameter and 0.125 inches thick. Transmittance is reported in percent, %. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0030] The present disclosure provides a composition. In one embodiment, the composition includes (A) a non-functionalized propylene-based polymer, (B) a functionalized propylene-based polymer, and (C) a functionalized ethylene-based polymer. The functionalized propylene-based polymer (B) and the functionalized ethylene-based polymer (C) each have a different functional group. The functional groups of each of the functionalized propylene-based polymer (B) and the functionalized ethylene-based polymer (C) are selected from groups that can react with each other to form a covalent bond between the functionalized propylene-based polymer (B) and the functionalized ethylene-based polymer (C). The functional groups of each of the functionalized propylene-based polymer (B) and the functionalized ethylene-based polymer (C) are selected from the group consisting of anhydrides and amines.

[0031] A. Non-functionalized Propylene-Based Polymers The composition contains a non-functionalized propylene-based polymer. As used herein, a "non-functionalized propylene-based polymer" is a propylene-based polymer that contains non-functional groups, such that the non-functionalized propylene-based polymer is a hydrocarbon and lacks heteroatoms. Non-limiting examples of propylene-based polymers include propylene homopolymers, propylene / α-olefin terpolymers, propylene / α-olefin copolymers, propylene impact copolymers, and combinations thereof.

[0032] In one embodiment, the propylene-based polymer is a propylene homopolymer having one, some or all of the following characteristics: (i) a density between 0.89 g / cc and 0.91 g / cc, or 0.90 g / cc; and / or (ii) an MFR of 0.1 g / 10 min to 500 g / 10 min, or 1 g / 10 min to 150 g / 10 min, or 10 g / 10 min to 120 g / 10 min, or 10 g / 10 min to 40 g / 10 min.

[0033] In one embodiment, the propylene-based polymer is a propylene / α-olefin copolymer. Non-limiting examples of suitable α-olefins include C2 and C4-C 20α-Olefin or C4-C 10 Representative α-olefins include ethylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, and 1-octene.

[0034] In one embodiment, the propylene-based polymer is a propylene impact copolymer. The propylene impact copolymer is a heterophasic polymer in which a rubber phase (or discontinuous phase) of separate domains of ethylene / propylene copolymer is dispersed throughout a matrix phase (or continuous phase) of propylene homopolymer. The propylene impact copolymer contains 1% to 40%, or 5% to 25%, or 8% to 15% by weight of ethylene / propylene rubber phase, based on the total weight of the propylene impact copolymer.

[0035] In an embodiment, the propylene impact copolymer has one, some, or all of the following properties: (i) 1% to 40% by weight, or 5% to 25% by weight, or 8% to 15% by weight of an ethylene / propylene rubber phase, and / or (ii) a density between 0.88 g / cc and 0.90 g / cc; and / or (iii) an MFR of 0.1 g / 10 min to 500 g / 10 min, or 1 g / 10 min to 150 g / 10 min, or 10 g / 10 min to 40 g / 10 min.

[0036] A non-limiting example of a suitable propylene impact copolymer is Pro-Fax SD242 available from LyondellBasell Industries.

[0037] B. Functionalized Propylene-Based Polymers The composition includes (B) a functionalized propylene-based polymer and (C) a functionalized ethylene-based polymer. The functionalized propylene-based polymer (B) and the functionalized ethylene-based polymer (C) each have a respective functional group selected from anhydride and amine. The functional group of the functionalized propylene-based polymer is different from the functional group of the functionalized ethylene-based polymer. The functional group of each of the functionalized propylene-based polymer (B) and the functionalized ethylene-based polymer (C) is selected from anhydride and amine. When the functional group of the functionalized propylene-based polymer is anhydride, the functional group of the functionalized ethylene-based polymer (C) is amine. When the functional group of the functionalized propylene-based polymer is amine, the functional group of the functionalized ethylene-based polymer is anhydride. In this way, the functionalized propylene-based polymer and the functionalized ethylene-based polymer each have a "different" functional group, and the functional group of the functionalized propylene-based polymer can react with the functional group of the functionalized ethylene-based polymer to form a covalent bond between the functionalized propylene-based polymer and the functionalized ethylene-based polymer.

[0038] As used herein, a "functionalized propylene-based polymer" is a propylene-based polymer having functional groups that are either anhydride or amine, the functional groups being pendant to the polymer chain backbone. The functionalized propylene-based polymer contains 0.1 wt% to 10 wt%, or 0.1 wt% to 5 wt%, or 0.3 wt% to 1.2 wt% of functional groups (either anhydride or amine) based on the total weight of the functionalized propylene-based polymer. The functionalized propylene-based polymer (having either anhydride or amine functional groups) has a MFR (2.16 kg, 190°C) of 1 g / 10 min to 2000 g / 10 min, or 10 g / 10 min to 500 g / 10 min, or 40 g / 10 min to 150 g / 10 min.

[0039] Non-limiting examples of suitable anhydride-functionalized propylene-based polymers are prepared by grafting maleic anhydride onto a propylene-based polymer via a free radical mechanism (eg, thermally or peroxide initiated).

[0040] A non-limiting example of a suitable amine-functionalized propylene-based polymer is prepared by imidizing a maleic anhydride grafted propylene-based polymer with a primary and secondary diamine. Suitable primary and secondary diamines include compounds of structure (I): H2N-R1-NH-R2(I) In structure (I), R1 is a divalent hydrocarbon group, preferably of the formula -(CH2) n -, where n is 2 or more, or n is 2 to 10, or 2 to 8, or 2 to 6. R2 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon atom, which may be optionally substituted with a heteroatom-containing group such as OH or SH. Preferably, R2 is of the formula -(CH2) n CH3 linear hydrocarbon, where n is 0-10, or n is 0-9, or 0-7, or 0-5. In one embodiment, the primary and secondary diamines are selected from N-ethylethylenediamine (DEDA), N-phenylethylenediamine, N-phenyl-1,2-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, or 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine. Additional primary and secondary diamines include, but are not limited to, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, N-ethyl-1,3-propanediamine, N-ethyl-1,4-butanediamine, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine, N-methyl-ethylenediamine, N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine, N-methyl-1,4-butanediamine, and 1-(2-aminoethyl)-piperazine.

[0041] Non-limiting examples of suitable functionalized propylene-based polymers include maleic anhydride (MAH) grafted propylene homopolymer (MAH-g-PP), maleic anhydride grafted propylene / α-olefin copolymer (ethylene, butene, hexene, octene comonomer), DEDA functionalized propylene homopolymer (DEDA-g-PP), DEDA functionalized propylene / α-olefin copolymer (ethylene, butene, hexene, and / or octene comonomer), and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the functionalized propylene-based polymer is maleic anhydride (MAH) grafted propylene homopolymer (MAH-g-PP) or DEDA functionalized propylene homopolymer (DEDA-g-PP).

[0042] The functionalized propylene-based polymer may comprise two or more embodiments disclosed herein.

[0043] C. Functionalized Ethylene-Based Copolymers As used herein, a "functionalized ethylene-based polymer" is an ethylene-based polymer having functional groups that are either anhydrides or amines, the functional groups being pendant to the polymer chain backbone. A non-limiting example of a suitable anhydride-functionalized ethylene-based polymer is prepared by grafting maleic anhydride onto an ethylene-based polymer via a free radical mechanism (e.g., thermally or peroxide initiated). A non-limiting example of a suitable amine-functionalized ethylene-based polymer is prepared by imidizing a maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene-based polymer with a primary and secondary diamine. Suitable primary and secondary diamines include compounds of structure (I). H2N-R1-NH-R2(I) In structure (I), R1 is a divalent hydrocarbon group, preferably of the formula -(CH2) n -, where n is 2 or more, or n is 2 to 10, or 2 to 8, or 2 to 6. R2 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon atom, which may be optionally substituted with a heteroatom-containing group such as OH or SH. Preferably, R2 is of the formula -(CH2)n CH3 linear hydrocarbon, where n is 0-10, or n is 0-9, or 0-7, or 0-5. In one embodiment, the primary and secondary diamines are selected from N-ethylethylenediamine (DEDA), N-phenylethylenediamine, N-phenyl-1,2-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, or 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine. Additional primary and secondary diamines include, but are not limited to, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, N-ethyl-1,3-propanediamine, N-ethyl-1,4-butanediamine, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine, N-methyl-ethylenediamine, N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine, N-methyl-1,4-butanediamine, and 1-(2-aminoethyl)-piperazine. The functionalized ethylene-based polymer contains from 0.1 wt.% to 10 wt.%, or from 0.1 wt.% to 5 wt.%, or from 0.3 wt.% to 1.2 wt.% of functional groups (either anhydride or amine), based on the total weight of the functionalized ethylene-based polymer. The functionalized ethylene-based polymer (having either anhydride or amine functional groups) has a MI of from 0.1 g / 10 min to 2000 g / 10 min, or from 0.2 g / 10 min to 50 g / 10 min, or from 0.3 g / 10 min to 25 g / 10 min, or from 1 g / 10 min to 5 g / 10 min.

[0044] Non-limiting examples of suitable functionalized ethylene-based polymers include maleic anhydride (MAH) grafted ethylene homopolymer (MAH-g-PE), maleic anhydride grafted ethylene / α-olefin copolymers (propylene, butene, hexene, and / or octene comonomers), maleic anhydride grafted ethylene / octene multiblock copolymers, DEDA functionalized ethylene homopolymer (DEDA-g-PE), DEDA functionalized ethylene / α-olefin copolymers (propylene, butene, hexene, and / or octene comonomers), DEDA functionalized ethylene / octene multiblock copolymers, and combinations thereof.

[0045] The functionalized ethylene-based polymer may comprise two or more embodiments disclosed herein.

[0046] In one embodiment, the functionalized ethylene-based polymer is a functionalized ethylene / α-olefin copolymer. Representative α-olefins include C3-C 20 α-Olefin or C3-C 10 α-Olefin or C4-C 20 α-Olefin or C4-C 10 Exemplary α-olefins include, but are not limited to, α-olefins, or C4 to C8 α-olefins. Representative α-olefins include propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, and 1-octene.

[0047] In one embodiment, the functionalized ethylene-based polymer is made using an ethylene / C3-C8 α-olefin copolymer ("base ethylene / C3-C8 α-olefin copolymer") having a density from 0.850 g / cc to 0.920 g / cc, or from 0.850 g / cc to 0.910 g / cc, or from 0.855 g / cc to 0.905 g / cc, or from 0.855 g / cc to 0.890 g / cc.

[0048] In one embodiment, the functionalized ethylene-based polymer is made using an ethylene / octene copolymer having a density from 0.850 g / cc to 0.920 g / cc, or from 0.850 g / cc to 0.910 g / cc, or from 0.855 g / cc to 0.905 g / cc, or from 0.855 g / cc to 0.890 g / cc.

[0049] In one embodiment, the functionalized ethylene-based polymer is made using ethylene / octene multiblock copolymers having a density from 0.850 g / cc to 0.920 g / cc, or from 0.850 g / cc to 0.910 g / cc, or from 0.855 g / cc to 0.890 g / cc.

[0050] D. Non-functionalized Ethylene-Based Polymers In one embodiment, the composition contains a non-functionalized ethylene-based polymer. As used herein, a "non-functionalized ethylene-based polymer" is an ethylene-based polymer that does not contain functional groups such that the non-functionalized ethylene-based polymer is a hydrocarbon and lacks heteroatoms.

[0051] Non-limiting examples of non-functionalized ethylene-based polymers include propylene homopolymers, ethylene / α-olefin terpolymers, ethylene / α-olefin copolymers, ethylene / octene multiblock copolymers, and combinations thereof.

[0052] In one embodiment, the non-functionalized ethylene-based polymer is a non-functionalized ethylene / α-olefin copolymer. Representative α-olefins include C3-C 20 α-Olefin or C3-C 10 α-Olefin or C4-C 20 α-Olefin or C4-C 10 Exemplary α-olefins include, but are not limited to, α-olefins, or C4 to C8 α-olefins. Representative α-olefins include propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, and 1-octene.

[0053] In one embodiment, the unfunctionalized ethylene-based polymer is a unfunctionalized random ethylene / octene copolymer having one, some, or all of the following characteristics: (i) a density between 0.850 g / cc and 0.920 g / cc, or between 0.850 g / cc and 0.910 g / cc, or between 0.860 g / cc and 0.905 g / cc, or between 0.860 g / cc and 0.890 g / cc; and / or (ii) An MI of 0.1 g / 10 min to 2000 g / 10 min, or 0.2 g / 10 min to 50 g / 10 min, or 0.5 g / 10 min to 35 g / 10 min, or 0.5 g / 10 min to 8 g / 10 min.

[0054] In one embodiment, the non-functionalized ethylene-based polymer is a non-functionalized ethylene / octene multiblock copolymer (consisting only of ethylene and octene comonomers) and has one, some, or all of the following characteristics: (i) a Mw / Mn of 1.7 or 1.8 to 2.2, or 2.5, or 3.5; and / or (ii) a density between 0.850 g / cc and 0.920 g / cc, or between 0.850 g / cc and 0.910 g / cc, or between 0.860 g / cc and 0.890 g / cc; and / or (iii) a melting point Tm of 115°C, or 118°C, or 119°C, or 120°C to 120°C, or 123°C, or 125°C; and / or (iv) an MI of 0.1 g / 10 min to 2000 g / 10 min, or 0.2 g / 10 min to 50 g / 10 min, or 0.5 g / 10 min to 8 g / 10 min, and / or (v) 50 to 93% by weight of a soft segment and 50 to 7% by weight of a hard segment, and / or (vi) 10 mol%, or 13 mol%, or 14 mol%, or 15 mol% to 16 mol%, or 17 mol%, or 18 mol%, or 19 mol%, or 20 mol% of C4 to C in the soft segment 12 α-olefins, and / or (vii) 0.5 mol%, or 1.0 mol%, or 2.0 mol%, or 3.0 mol% to 4.0 mol%, or 5 mol%, or 6 mol%, or 7 mol%, or 9 mol% octene in the hard segments; and / or (viii) an elastic recovery (Re) of 50%, or 60% to 70%, or 80%, or 90% at 300% / min deformation at 21°C as measured in accordance with ASTM D 1708; and / or (ix) Polydisperse distribution of blocks and polydisperse distribution of block sizes. Ethylene / octene multiblock copolymers having properties (i)-(ix) are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 7,608,668, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0055] Non-limiting examples of suitable non-functionalized ethylene / octene multi-block copolymers are INFUSE 9530 and INFUSE 9507 available from Dow, Inc.

[0056] The unfunctionalized ethylene-based polymer may comprise two or more embodiments disclosed herein.

[0057] E. Filler In one embodiment, the composition may include one or more fillers. Non-limiting examples of suitable fillers include talc, mica, calcium carbonate, nanoclay, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and combinations thereof.

[0058] F. Composition The composition is produced in a batch mixer, a continuous mixer, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the composition is produced in a continuous mixer. Non-limiting examples of suitable continuous mixers include co-rotating twin screw extruders, counter-rotating continuous mixers, tangential counter-rotating twin screw extruders, reciprocating kneaders, single screw extruders, multi-screw planetary extruders, and combinations thereof. Continuous mixers can be used as a single unit or as a combination of multiple continuous mixers, for example in series.

[0059] In one embodiment, the composition comprises: (A) 20% to 98% by weight, or 30% to 95% by weight, or 50% to 85% by weight of a non-functionalized propylene-based polymer; (B) 1% to 50%, or 1% to 20%, or 2% to 16% by weight of an amine-functionalized propylene-based polymer, and (C) 1% to 50%, or 1% to 20%, or 2% to 16% by weight of a maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-based polymer, the weight percentages being based on the total weight of the composition.

[0060] In one embodiment, the composition comprises: (A) 20% to 98% by weight, or 30% to 95% by weight, or 50% to 85% by weight of a non-functionalized propylene-based polymer; (B) 1% by weight to 50% by weight, or 1% by weight to 20% by weight, or 2% by weight to 16% by weight of a maleic anhydride grafted propylene-based polymer, and (C) from 1% to 50%, or from 1% to 20%, or from 2% to 16% by weight of an amine-functionalized ethylene-based polymer. The weight percentages are based on the total weight of the composition. The composition has one, some, or all of the following characteristics: (i) an MFR of 1 g / 10 min to 100 g / 10 min, or 2 g / 10 min to 80 g / 10 min, or 4 g / 10 min to 25 g / 10 min, and / or (ii) a viscosity of 400 Pa·s to 11,000 Pa·s, or 600 Pa·s to 6,000 Pa·s, or 750 Pa·s to 3000 Pa·s at 0.1 rad / s; and / or (iii) a viscosity of 100 Pa·s to 1000 Pa·s, or 150 Pa·s to 700 Pa·s, or 200 Pa·s to 400 Pa·s at 100 rad / s; and / or (iv) a tan δ at 0.1 rad / s of from 0.1 to 50, or from 0.5 to 20, or from 1 to 10. In one embodiment, a molded article comprising the composition has one, some, or all of the following molded article properties: (v) a flexural modulus of 300 MPa to 3000 MPa, or 500 MPa to 2500 MPa, or 750 MPa to 1300 MPa, or 750 MPa to 1000 MPa, and / or (vi) a tensile yield strength of 10 MPa to 40 MPa, or 15 MPa to 35 MPa, or 15 MPa to 30 MPa, or 15 MPa to 25 MPa, and / or (vii) a tensile elongation at break of greater than 30%, or greater than 50%, or greater than 200%, or greater than 500%, and / or (viii) 8 kJ / m at 23°C 2 ~100kJ / m 2 , or 10 kJ / m 2 ~100kJ / m2 , or 8 kJ / m 2 ~80kJ / m 2 , or 10 kJ / m 2 ~80kJ / m 2 , or 8 kJ / m 2 ~75kJ / m 2 , or 10 kJ / m 2 ~75kJ / m 2 Notched Izod, and / or (ix) an MAII total energy of 15 J to 60 J, or 20 J to 55 J, or 30 J to 50 J, or 40 J to 50 J at −40° C.; and / or (x) A transmittance of 30% to 99%, or 35% to 80%, or 40% to 70%, or 40% to 60%.

[0061] In one embodiment, the composition further comprises (D) a non-functionalized ethylene-based polymer. (A) 50% to 85% by weight, or 55% to 80% by weight, or 60% to 80% by weight of a non-functionalized propylene-based polymer; (B) 1% to 10%, or 1% to 7%, or 2% to 5% by weight of an amine-functionalized propylene-based polymer having an MFR (2.16 kg, 190° C.) of 40 g / 10 min to 60 g / 10 min, or 55 g / 10 min; (C) 1 wt. % to 10 wt. %, or 1 wt. % to 7 wt. %, or 2 wt. % to 5 wt. % of a maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-based polymer having a MI of 0.3 g / 10 min to 12.0 g / 10 min, or 1.0 g / 10 min to 2.0 g / 10 min, and (D) 10% to 25%, or 12% to 25%, by weight of a non-functionalized ethylene-based polymer (hereinafter "Composition 1"). The weight percentages are based on the total weight of the composition. Composition 1 has one, some, or all of the following characteristics: (i) an MFR of 1 g / 10 min to 100 g / 10 min, or 2 g / 10 min to 80 g / 10 min, or 4 g / 10 min to 25 g / 10 min, and / or (ii) a viscosity at 0.1 rad / s of 400 Pa·s to 11,000 Pa·s, or 600 Pa·s to 6,000 Pa·s, or 700 Pa·s to 3000 Pa·s, or 750 Pa·s to 3000 Pa·s, and / or (iii) a viscosity of 100 Pa·s to 1000 Pa·s, or 150 Pa·s to 700 Pa·s, or 200 Pa·s to 400 Pa·s at 100 rad / s; and / or (iv) a tan δ at 0.1 rad / s from 0.1 to 50, or from 0.5 to 20, or from 1 to 10. In one embodiment, a molded article comprising Composition 1 has one, some, or all of the following molded article properties: (v) a flexural modulus of 300 MPa to 3000 MPa, or 500 MPa to 2500 MPa, or 750 MPa to 1300 MPa, or 750 MPa to 1000 MPa, and / or (vi) a tensile yield strength of 10 MPa to 40 MPa, or 15 MPa to 35 MPa, or 15 MPa to 30 MPa, or 15 MPa to 25 MPa, and / or (vii) a tensile elongation at break of greater than 20%, or greater than 50%, or greater than 200%, or greater than 500%, and / or (viii) 5 kJ / m at 23°C 2 ~100kJ / m 2 , or 10 kJ / m 2 ~100kJ / m 2 , or 7 kJ / m 2 ~90kJ / m 2 , or 10 kJ / m 2 ~80kJ / m 2 , or 10 kJ / m 2 ~75kJ / m 2 Notched Izod, and / or (ix) an MAII total energy at −40° C. of 2 J to 60 J, or 15 J to 60 J, or 20 J to 55 J, or 40 J to 50 J, and / or (x) A transmittance of 30% to 99%, or 35% to 80%, or 35% to 70%, or 40% to 60%.

[0062] In one embodiment, the composition comprises: (A) 50% to 85% by weight, or 55% to 80% by weight, or 60% to 80% by weight of a non-functionalized propylene-based polymer which is a propylene homopolymer having a MFR of 10 g / 10 min to 15 g / 10 min; (B) 1% to 10%, or 1% to 7%, or 2% to 5% by weight of an amine-functionalized propylene-based polymer having an MFR (2.16 kg, 190° C.) of 40 g / 10 min to 60 g / 10 min, or 55 g / 10 min; (C) 1% to 10% by weight, or 1% to 7% by weight, or 2% to 5% by weight of a maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-based polymer having a MI of 1.0 g / 10 min to 12.0 g / 10 min, and (D) 10% to 25%, or 12% to 25%, by weight, of a non-functionalized ethylene-based polymer that is an ethylene / octene copolymer having a density of 0.860 g / cc to 0.905 g / cc, or 0.860 g / cc to 0.890 g / cc, and a MI of 0.1 g / 10 min to 35 g / 10 min, or 0.1 g / 10 min to 5 g / 10 min (hereinafter "Composition 2"). Composition 2 has one, some, or all of the following characteristics: (i) a MFR between 5g / 10min and 10g / 10min, and / or (ii) a viscosity at 0.1 rad / s of 1900 Pa·s to 2400 Pa·s, or 2000 Pa·s to 2300 Pa·s, or 2000 Pa·s to 2100 Pa·s, or 2000 Pa·s to 2050 Pa·s; and / or (iii) a viscosity of 200 Pa·s to 500 Pa·s, or 220 Pa·s to 400 Pa·s, or 350 Pa·s to 400 Pa·s, or 375 Pa·s to 399 Pa·s at 100 rad / s; and / or (iv) a tan δ at 0.1 rad / s of 2.4 to 4.5, or 3.5 to 4.5. In one embodiment, a molded article comprising composition 2 has one, some, or all of the following molded article properties: (v) a flexural modulus of 750 MPa to 1150 MPa, or 750 MPa to 850 MPa, and / or (vi) a tensile yield strength of 15 MPa to 25 MPa; and / or (vii) a tensile elongation at break of greater than 20% or greater than 500%, and / or (viii) 30 kJ / m at 23°C 2 ~80kJ / m 2 , or 70 kJ / m 2 ~80kJ / m 2 Notched Izod, and / or (ix) an MAII total energy of 15 J to 50 J, or 40 J to 50 J at −40° C.; and / or (x) Transmittance of 40% to 70%, or 40% to 50%.

[0063] In one embodiment, the composition further comprises (D) a non-functionalized ethylene-based polymer. (A) 50% to 85%, or 55% to 80%, or 60% to 80% by weight of a non-functionalized propylene-based polymer which is a propylene impact copolymer; (B) 1% to 10%, or 1% to 7%, or 2% to 5% by weight of an amine-functionalized propylene-based polymer having an MFR (2.16 kg, 190° C.) of 40 g / 10 min to 60 g / 10 min, or 55 g / 10 min; (C) 1% to 10% by weight, or 1% to 7% by weight, or 2% to 5% by weight of a maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-based polymer having a MI of 1.0 g / 10 min to 4.0 g / 10 min, or 1.0 g / 10 min to 2.0 g / 10 min, and (D) 10% to 25%, or 12% to 25%, by weight, of a non-functionalized ethylene-based polymer having a MI of 0.5 g / 10 min to 6.0 g / 10 min, or 0.5 g / 10 min to 1.5 g / 10 min, and a density of 0.860 g / cc to 0.890 g / cc, or 0.860 g / cc to 0.88 g / cc (hereinafter "Composition 3"). Composition 3 has one, some, or all of the following characteristics: (i) an MFR of 15 g / 10 min to 25 g / 10 min, or 20 g / 10 min to 25 g / 10 min, and / or (ii) a viscosity of 650 Pa·s to 800 Pa·s, or 700 Pa·s to 800 Pa·s at 0.1 rad / s; and / or (iii) a viscosity of 200 Pa·s to 300 Pa·s, or 200 Pa·s to 250·s at 100 rad / s; and / or (iv) a tan δ at 0.1 rad / s of 5.0 to 10.0. In one embodiment, a molded article made from Composition 3 has one, some, or all of the following molded article properties: (v) a flexural modulus of 800 MPa to 1050 MPa, or 800 MPa to 900 MPa, and / or (vi) a tensile yield strength of 15 MPa to 25 MPa; and / or (vii) a tensile elongation at break of 100% to 500%; and / or (viii) 10 kJ / m at 23°C 2 ~50kJ / m 2 , or 10 kJ / m 2 ~20kJ / m 2 Notched Izod, and / or (ix) an MAII total energy of 25 J to 40 J, or 20 J to 30 J at −40° C.; and / or (x) Transmittance of 45% to 60%, or 50% to 60%.

[0064] In one embodiment, the composition comprises: (A) 50% to 85% by weight, or 50% to 80% by weight, or 50% to 70% by weight of a non-functionalized propylene-based polymer that is a propylene homopolymer; (B) 1 to 20% by weight, or 1 to 15% by weight, or 5 to 15% by weight of a maleic anhydride grafted propylene-based polymer having a MFR (2.16 kg, 190° C.) of 100 g / 10 min to 140 g / 10 min, (C) 1% to 20%, or 1% to 15%, or 5% to 15% by weight of an amine-functionalized ethylene-based polymer, and (D) 10% to 25%, or 12% to 25%, by weight of a non-functionalized ethylene-based polymer (hereinafter "Composition 4"). Composition 4 has one, some, or all of the following characteristics: (i) a MFR between 1 g / 10 min and 5 g / 10 min, and / or (ii) a viscosity of 1000 Pa·s to 3000 Pa·s, or 2000 Pa·s to 3000 Pa·s, or 1200 Pa·s to 2500 Pa·s at 0.1 rad / s; and / or (iii) a viscosity of 200 Pa·s to 400 Pa·s, or 300 Pa·s to 340·s at 100 rad / s; and / or (iv) a tan δ at 0.1 rad / s of 1.0 to 3.0, or 1.0 to 2.0. In one embodiment, a molded article comprising Composition 4 has one, some, or all of the following molded article properties: (v) a flexural modulus of 900 MPa to 1300 MPa, or 900 MPa to 1000 MPa, and / or (vi) a tensile yield strength of 15 MPa to 30 MPa, or 15 MPa to 25 MPa, and / or (vii) a tensile elongation at break of greater than 30%, or greater than 550%, and / or (viii) 57 kJ / m at 23°C 2 ~70kJ / m 2 , or 60 kJ / m 2 ~70kJ / m 2 Notched Izod, and / or (ix) an MAII total energy of 2 J to 40 J, or 20 J to 40 J at −40° C.; and / or (x) Transmittance of 35% to 70%, or 50% to 60%.

[0065] In one embodiment, the composition comprises: (A) 50% to 85%, or 50% to 80%, or 60% to 80% by weight of a non-functionalized propylene-based polymer which is a propylene impact copolymer; (B) 1 to 20% by weight, or 1 to 15% by weight, or 1 to 5% by weight of a maleic anhydride grafted propylene-based polymer having a MFR (2.16 kg, 190° C.) of 100 g / 10 min to 140 g / 10 min, (C) from 1% to 20%, or from 1% to 15%, or from 1% to 5% by weight of an amine-functionalized ethylene-based polymer, and (D) 10% to 25%, or 12% to 25%, by weight of a non-functionalized ethylene-based polymer (hereinafter "Composition 5"). Composition 5 has one, some, or all of the following characteristics: (i) a MFR of 1 g / 10 min to 25 g / 10 min, and / or (ii) a viscosity of 500 Pa s to 3000 Pa s, or 600 Pa s to 1000 Pa s at 0.1 rad / s; and / or (iii) a viscosity of 200 Pa s to 240 Pa s at 100 rad / s, and / or (iv) a tan δ at 0.1 rad / s of 2.5 to 7.0. In one embodiment, a molded article made from Composition 4 has one, some, or all of the following molded article properties: (v) a flexural modulus of 1000 MPa to 1100 MPa, and / or (vi) a tensile yield strength of 15 MPa to 25 MPa; and / or (vii) a tensile elongation at break of greater than 80%, and / or (viii) 10 kJ / m at 23°C 2 ~60kJ / m 2 Notched Izod, and / or (ix) an MAII total energy of 25 J to 45 J at −40° C.; and / or (x) Transmittance of 40% to 60%.

[0066] In one embodiment, the composition comprises: (A) 50% to 85% by weight, or 50% to 80% by weight, or 50% to 70% by weight of a non-functionalized propylene-based polymer that is a propylene homopolymer; (B) 1 to 20% by weight, or 1 to 10% by weight, or 1 to 5% by weight of a maleic anhydride grafted propylene-based polymer having a MFR (2.16 kg, 190° C.) of 100 g / 10 min to 140 g / 10 min, (C) from 1% to 20%, or from 1% to 15%, or from 1% to 10%, or from 1% to 5% by weight of an amine-functionalized ethylene-based polymer; (D) 10% to 25%, or 10% to 25%, or 12% to 25% by weight of a non-functionalized ethylene-based polymer, and (E) 1 wt. % to 15 wt. %, or 5 wt. % to 10 wt. % of a filler (hereinafter "Composition 6"). Composition 6 has one, some, or all of the following characteristics: (i) a viscosity of 2500 Pa s to 2700 Pa s at 0.1 rad / s; and / or (ii) a viscosity of 300 Pa s to 400 Pa s at 100 rad / s, and / or (iii) a tan δ of 1.0 to 3.0 at 0.1 rad / s. In one embodiment, a molded article made of composition 6 has a viscosity of 10 kJ / m at 23° C. 2 ~15kJ / m 2 It has a notched Izod of .

[0067] Each of Composition 1, Composition 2, Composition 3, Composition 4, Composition 5, and Composition 6 is devoid of or otherwise free of thermoplastic polyurethanes and / or polymers containing isocyanate moieties.

[0068] The composition, which is comprised of (A) a non-functionalized propylene-based polymer, (B) a functionalized propylene-based polymer, (C) a functionalized ethylene-based polymer, and (D) a non-functionalized ethylene-based polymer, reacts during compounding, and the functional groups of the functionalized propylene-based polymer react with the functional groups of the functionalized ethylene-based polymer to form covalent bonds between the functionalized propylene-based polymer and the functionalized ethylene-based polymer. The amine and anhydride functional groups undergo an imidization reaction to form imide bonds between the two functionalized polymers. Depending on the number of functional groups on each polymer, multiple imide bonds are formed between the functionalized polymer chains. Blends of propylene-based and ethylene-based polymers are immiscible. The propylene-based and ethylene-based polymers form separate domains in the blend. The in situ reaction between the functionalized propylene-based and functionalized ethylene-based polymers can improve the compatibility of the propylene-based and ethylene-based polymer domains and / or improve the interfacial strength between the propylene-based and ethylene-based polymer domains. The reaction during compounding results in a TPO composition with more shear thinning rheology (indicated by higher melt viscosity at low shear rate and similar melt viscosity at high shear rate) and higher melt elasticity (indicated by lower tan δ) and improved impact toughness when molded into an article. The composition provides an improved balance of light transmission, stiffness, and impact toughness. To form a blend of propylene-based polymers and ethylene-based polymers with high light transmission, an ethylene-based polymer with the same refractive index as the propylene-based polymer, such as an ethylene / octene copolymer with a density of 0.902 g / cc, can be used. Ethylene / octene copolymers with lower densities, for example 0.857 g / cc to 0.870 g / cc, are known to be more efficient impact modifiers for polypropylene than ethylene / octene copolymers with a density of 0.902 g / cc. However, blends of propylene-based polymers with these low density ethylene / octene copolymers tend to have lower light transmission.In the present compositions, the functionalized ethylene-based polymer and / or the non-functionalized ethylene-based polymer can have a higher density and a refractive index that more closely matches that of the non-functionalized propylene-based polymer and the functionalized propylene-based polymer, advantageously providing greater than 40% light transmission and suitable impact toughness for the present compositions.

[0069] G.Goods The composition can be molded into an article. Many types of molding operations can be used to form articles or parts from the composition, including, but not limited to, injection molding, blow molding, compression molding, profile and sheet extrusion, and thermoforming. In one embodiment, the article is injection molded. Non-limiting examples of molded articles formed from the composition include automobile interior and exterior parts such as bumper fascias, airbag covers, door trim panels, instrument panels, seat backrests, exterior body panels (liftgate panels, door panels, fenders), rocker panels, cladding, wheel flares, freezer containers, storage containers, toys, electronic and computer parts, footwear components, and household and personal items such as building materials.

[0070] By way of example, and not limitation, examples of the present disclosure are provided. EXAMPLES

[0071] The materials used in the comparative samples (CS) and inventive examples (IE) are shown in Table 1.

[0072] [Table 1]

[0073] 1. Preparation of POE1 The copolymer POE1 was prepared using a single loop reactor operated at steady state conditions. The catalysts and cocatalysts were: The catalyst was 6',6'''-(((diisopropylsilanediyl)bis(methylene))bis(oxy))bis(3-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-3'-fluoro-5-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-ol)dimethyl-hafnium (described in WO2018 / 022975) supplied by Boulder Scientific, and cocatalyst-1 was a methyldi(C)-(C(C(C(C(C(C(F)))))) of tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate) prepared by the reaction of a long chain trialkylamine (Armeen M2HT, available from Akzo-Nobel, Inc.), HCl and Li[B(C(F))], as disclosed in Example 2 of USP 5,919,983 (no further purification performed), supplied by Boulder Scientific. 14~18 Cocatalyst-1 was a mixture of iso-butyl, methyl, branched, cyclic and linear modified methylaluminosiloxanes (MMAOs) available from AkzoNobel.

[0074] All materials (ethylene, 1-octene) and process solvents (narrow boiling range, high purity, isoparaffinic solvent, ISOPAR E commercially available from Exxon Mobil Corporation) were purified with molecular sieves prior to introduction into the reaction environment. Hydrogen was supplied in a pressurized cylinder as a high purity grade and was not further purified. The reactor monomer feed (ethylene) stream was pressurized above the reaction pressure at 575 psig. Solvent and comonomer (1-octene) feeds were pressurized above the reaction pressure. Individual catalyst components were diluted with purified solvent (ISOPAR E) to the specified component concentrations and pressurized above the reaction pressure.

[0075] All reaction feed flow rates were measured with mass flow meters and independently controlled. The continuous solution polymerization reactor was in a control loop. The reactor independently controlled all fresh solvent, monomer, comonomer, hydrogen, and catalyst component feeds. The combined solvent, monomer, comonomer, and hydrogen feeds to the reactor were temperature controlled between 5°C and 50°C, typically 40°C, by passing the feed streams through heat exchangers. The fresh comonomer feed to the polymerization reactor was fed along with the solvent feed.

[0076] The feed of the main catalyst component was controlled to maintain the reactor monomer concentration at a specific target. Two cocatalyst components were fed based on a specified molar ratio to the main catalyst component. Immediately after each fresh injection point (feed or catalyst), the feed stream was mixed with the contents of the circulating polymerization reactor. The contents of each reactor were continuously circulated through a heat exchanger to maintain an isothermal reaction environment at a specific temperature. The effluent from the first polymerization reactor (containing solvent, monomer, comonomer, hydrogen, catalyst components, and molten polymer) exited the reactor loop and was contacted with water to stop the reaction. In addition, various additives such as antioxidants could be added at this point. This stream then entered a two-stage separation and devolatilization system, which stripped the polymer from the solvent, hydrogen, and unreacted monomer and comonomer. The solvent (and dissolved components) were recycled. The recycled stream was purified before re-entering the reactor. The separated and devolatilized polymer melt was pumped through a die and pelletized.

[0077] The process conditions for producing POE1 are provided below in Table A. POE1 has a density of 0.862 g / cc and a melt index of 1.0 g / 10 min (2.19 kg, 190° C.).

[0078] [Table 2]

[0079] 2A. Functionalization: Preparation of DEDA-g-PP A Coperion ZSK-26MC twin screw extruder was used for the imidization reaction of MAH-g-PP. The 26 mm diameter extruder was equipped with 15 barrel segments to give a total length to diameter ratio of 60. Polybond 3200 MAH-g-PP pellets were fed into the extruder hopper under nitrogen purge in the first barrel section using a K-Tron Model T20 feeder. DEDA was injected into the extruder using an Eldex piston (HPLC) pump in the main hopper. Unreacted DEDA was removed by pulling a vacuum of 20 inches Hg through a devolatilization port located in the 13th barrel and captured in two knockout pots cooled with dry ice. The polymer melt was extruded through a two-hole die into a water bath and the strands were pelletized. The extruder barrel temperatures were set at 180°C to 230°C. The process conditions for producing DEDA-g-PP are provided in Table B.

[0080] [Table 3]

[0081] 2B. Functionalization: Preparation of Functionalized Polyolefin Elastomers A Coperion ZSK-25MC twin screw extruder was used for both reactive extrusion processes of MAH grafting and imidization reactions of INFUSE 9530, INFUSE 9507, ENGAGE 8402, and ENGAGE 8450 resins. The extruder is equipped with a 25 mm diameter twin screw and 12 barrel segments for an overall length to diameter ratio of 48. There are 11 independently controlled barrel sections with electrical heating and water cooling. Polymer pellets were fed into the extruder hopper under nitrogen purge in the first barrel section using a K-Tron Model KCLQX3 loss-in-weight feeder. Maleic anhydride was first dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone in a 1:1 weight ratio, and then a given amount of peroxide (Luperox 101 peroxide, 2,5 dimethyl 2,5-di-t-butylperoxyhexane) was added to the solution in a fume hood (MAH / peroxide=20). The maleic anhydride / peroxide / methyl ethyl ketone solution was injected into the extruder at the fourth barrel section using an HPLC pump. The methyl ethyl ketone, non-reactive maleic anhydride, and peroxide by-products were removed via a devolatilization port located in the eleventh barrel and captured in three knock-out pots cooled with dry ice. The devolatilization system was protected by a nitrogen atmosphere. The polymer melt was extruded through a two-hole die (0.125 inch hole diameter) into an underwater pelletization system quenched with cold water (15°C). The extruder barrel temperatures were set at 180°C to 230°C. The process conditions for the maleation step are outlined in Table C below.

[0082] [Table 4]

[0083] Upon maleation, the resins exhibited average MAH grafting levels of 0.9-1.1 wt% and MIs of 0.3-11.4 g / 10 min. MAH grafting levels were determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The polymer pellets were formed into films using a Carver hydraulic press at 200°C for 30 seconds under 3,000 lbf in ambient atmosphere. The 3 mil thick polymer film was cooled by transferring the plate to a lower level platen set at ambient temperature. FTIR spectra were recorded using a Nicolet 6700 FTIR at 4 cm -1 The maleic anhydride grafting level was estimated using the following equation based on a second order polynomial model: -1 Peak height at 2751 cm -1 It was determined from the ratio of the height of

[0084]

number

[0085] The amine functionalization reactive extrusion of MAH-g-POE resin with N-ethylethylenediamine (DEDA) utilized the same reactive extrusion system as described above for MAH-g-POE, except that an ISCO pump (1000D) was used to inject N-ethylethylenediamine into the extruder instead of the HPLC pump. MAH-g-POE pellets were fed into the extruder hopper under nitrogen purge in the first barrel section using a K-Tron Model KCLQX3 loss-in-weight feeder. Liquid N-ethylethylenediamine was injected into the extruder in the fourth barrel section using an ISCO pump. The extruder barrel temperature was set at 180°C-230°C. Non-reactive N-ethylethylenediamine and water by-product were removed through a devolatilization port located in the 11th barrel via a vacuum line trap system consisting of three knockout pots and a vacuum pump. This devolatilization system was protected with a nitrogen atmosphere. The polymer melt was extruded through a two-hole die (0.125 inch hole diameter) into an underwater pelletizing system quenched with cold water (15° C.). The MI of the resulting material was 0.4 g / 10 min to 22.4 g / 10 min. The process conditions for the imidization step are shown in Table D below.

[0086] [Table 5]

[0087] 3. Blend composition A.Haake Blend Blends (CS F-CS K, IE5-IE8) were prepared on an RS5000 Torque Rheometer (Rheometer Services, Inc.) equipped with a Haake Rheomix 600 mixer and standard roller blades. The temperature was set at 200°C. The rotor speed was initially at 10 RPM. All ingredients were added to the mixer under a nitrogen sweep (total batch size was 50 g) and the plunger on the mixer was lowered. Once the ingredients were melted (indicated by the measured torque decreasing and reaching a steady state), mixing was continued at 50 RPM for 5 minutes. Samples were then quickly removed from the mixer and compressed into patties using a Carver hydraulic press set at 20°C and 200 psi for 3 minutes. Portions of the samples were used for rheology measurements and for preparing compression molded plaques.

[0088] B. Twin-screw extrusion Blends (CS A-CS E, IE1-IE4) were prepared on a Coperion ZSK 26 twin screw extruder (1125 mm barrel length with 11 barrel sections, screw diameter 25.5 mm, extruder barrel inner diameter 26 mm, 40 horsepower motor, maximum screw speed 1,200 RPM, maximum torque 106 Nm) equipped with a 2-hole die, water bath, and strand cutter. The polymer components were dry blended along with antioxidant powder. All components were added through the main feed throat under a nitrogen sweep via a K-Tron T-20 single screw loss-in-weight feeder. The compounds were extruded as strands, which were cooled in a 6-foot long water bath (water temperature was 13°C), passed under an air knife, pelletized using a strand cutter, and dropped into a plastic bag. All compounds were dried by purging overnight with a nitrogen stream. The process conditions used for twin screw extrusion compounding are shown in Table E1. Portions of the pelletized samples were used for rheology and melt flow rate measurements, and for preparing injection molded parts.

[0089] [Table 6]

[0090] C. Twin-screw extrusion (Genome Line) Blends (CS L to CS T, IE9 to IE24) were prepared in a Coperion ZSK18 MEGAlab co-rotating twin screw extruder (maximum screw speed was 1,200 RPM and maximum torque was 18 Nm / cm 3 (Length / Diameter=40, Outer Diameter / Inner Diameter=1.55). The polymer components were dry blended along with antioxidant powder. All components were added through the main feed throat via loss-in-weight feeders. The compounds were immediately injection molded. The process conditions used for twin screw extrusion compounding are shown in Table E2.

[0091] [Table 7]

[0092] 4. Parts molding A. Compression Molding Compounds prepared by Haake blending were converted into test specimens for mechanical testing by compression molding. The specimens were compression molded according to ASTM D4703 using a Carver 30 ton hydraulic press. 4.5" x 4.5" x 0.125" plaques were molded using a pressure of 30,000 psi and a platen temperature of 220°C for 4 minutes, then quench cooled on another set of platens at a temperature of 20°C and a pressure of 30,000 psi for 3 minutes.

[0093] B. Injection molding Compounds in pellet form (CS A-CS E, IE1-IE4) prepared by twin screw extrusion were converted into test specimens for mechanical testing by injection molding on a Toyo Plastar Si-90 electric injection molding machine equipped with an Axxicon ISO Manufactured (AIM) Quick Change Mold base. ASTM D638, Type I tensile specimens (0.125 inch thick) were molded using inserts (2.1×19 mm) gated according to Table I of ASTM D3641-02 with Z-runners (two tensile specimens per shot). Disks 4 inch in diameter and 0.125 inch thick were molded using side-gated two-piece inserts per shot. Injection molding conditions are listed in Table F1 below. Tensile specimens were used to measure flexural modulus, tensile yield strength, tensile elongation at break, and notched Izod impact properties. Disks were used to measure MAII, dart impact, and light transmission properties. (1) flexural modulus, tensile yield strength, tensile elongation at break, and notched Izod impact properties (measured on tensile specimens), and (2) MAII, dart impact, and light transmission properties (measured on 4-inch, 0.125-inch diameter disks) are referred to as "molded article property" or "molded article properties."

[0094] [Table 8]

[0095] Injection molding in the C. genomics line Compounds (CS L-CS T, IE9-IE24) prepared by twin screw extrusion were converted into test specimens for mechanical testing by injection molding on a Sodick GL100A 100 ton injection molding machine equipped with a Master Unit Die frame manufactured by Master Precision. ASTM D638, Type 1 tensile specimens (0.125 inch thick) were molded using gated inserts (2.1×19 mm) according to Table I of ASTM D3641-02 with Z-runners (two tensile specimens per shot). Disks 4 inch in diameter and 0.125 inch thick were molded using side gated inserts. Injection molding conditions are listed in Table F2 below. Tensile specimens were used to measure flexural modulus, tensile yield strength, tensile elongation at break, and notched Izod impact properties. Disks were used to measure MAII, dart impact, and light transmission properties. (1) flexural modulus, tensile yield strength, tensile elongation at break, and notched Izod impact properties (measured on tensile specimens), and (2) MAII, dart impact, and light transmission properties (measured on 4-inch, 0.125-inch diameter disks) are referred to as "molded article property" or "molded article properties."

[0096] [Table 9]

[0097] [Table 10-1]

[0098] [Table 10-2]

[0099] [Table 11]

[0100]

Table 12

[0101]

Table 13

[0102] Tables 1A, 1B, 2A, and 2B include formulations with non-functionalized propylene-based polymer (A) as propylene homopolymer, and these formulations do not contain fillers. Tables 1A and 2A include formulations and properties of blends prepared by twin-screw extrusion. Tables 1B and 2B include properties of injection molded parts made from the compositions. Compared to CS A, inventive example (IE) 1 has higher notched Izod impact over different temperatures, higher stiffness (flexural modulus), higher tensile yield strength, higher tensile elongation at break, higher ductility, similar high shear viscosity, and slightly lower transmittance. IE1 can be used as a translucent TPO with a good balance of light transmittance, stiffness, and impact toughness. IE2 demonstrates that the amine and MAH functionality can be reversed, where polypropylene is functionalized with amine and MAH is grafted to POE. In this case, a lower density POE is used as the primary POE. Even when a lower density POE is used, IE2 has a higher notched Izod impact strength and a higher tensile elongation than comparative sample (CS) B while retaining other properties. In both cases, the inventive examples have a lower tan δ at low shear rates and show higher melt elasticity for IE1 and IE2 compared to CS A and CS B, respectively. Higher melt elasticity can be beneficial in reducing tiger stripping in injection molded parts or improving the processability of thermoforming compounds.Similarly, comparing IE9 vs. CS L, or IE10 vs. CS M, or IE11 and IE12 vs. CS N, or IE13 vs. CS O, or IE14 vs. CS P, or IE15 vs. CS Q, or IE16 vs. CS L, or IE17 vs. CS M, or IE18 vs. CS O, the compositions of the present invention have higher notched Izod impact strength and / or higher dart impact ductility, higher or equivalent modulus, and similar light transmission to the comparative examples, demonstrating that functionality can be present on ethylene-based polymers of different densities, melt indices, and polymer types (i.e., random or multiblock interpolymers), the non-functionalized ethylene-based polymers can be of different densities, melt indices, and polymer types (i.e., random or multiblock interpolymers), and the non-functionalized propylene homopolymers can be of different melt flow rate ranges.

[0103] [Table 14]

[0104] [Table 15]

[0105] [Table 16]

[0106] [Table 17]

[0107] In Tables 3A, 3B, 4A, and 4B, the non-functionalized propylene-based polymer (A) is a propylene impact copolymer (ICP) and the formulation does not contain a filler. Tables 3A and 4A include the formulations and properties of the blends prepared by twin-screw extrusion. Tables 3B and 4B include the properties of the injection molded parts made from the compositions. The ICP contains an ethylene-propylene rubber phase. IE4 has higher tensile elongation at break, higher notched Izod impact strength (especially at 23°C), and higher ductility in multiaxial impact tests compared to CS C-E. IE3 contains a lower level of grafted components and some improvement in multiaxial impact peak and total energy is observed relative to CS C-E, but no significant improvement in notched Izod impact strength or multiaxial impact ductility is observed. CS C is a formulation that does not contain any functionalized components. CS D and CS E each contain only one of the functionalized components. Comparing IE19 vs. CS R, or IE20 vs. CS S, or IE21 and IE22 vs. CS R, or IE23 vs. CS S, or IE24 vs. CS T, the inventive compositions have higher notched Izod impact strength, similar modulus, and similar light transmission versus the comparative examples, demonstrating that a range of functionalized ethylene-based polymers and a range of different non-functionalized ethylene-based polymers can be used along with propylene impact copolymers to achieve improved properties.

[0108] [Table 18]

[0109] [Table 19]

[0110] Tables 5A and 5B provide additional formulations based on non-functionalized propylene homopolymer (A) that does not contain talc. Table 5A includes the formulations and properties of blends prepared by Haake blending. Table 5B includes the properties of compression molded parts made from the compositions. CS F is a formulation that does not contain any functionalized components. CS G and CS H each contain only one of the functionalized components. IE5, IE6, and IE7 contain both functionalized components at various levels. IE5-7 each have higher notched Izod impact strength compared to CS F-H. Similar to the inventive compositions of Tables 1A / 1B, IE5-7 have similar high shear viscosities as CS F-H, but have lower tan δ (indicating that IE5-7 have higher melt elasticity compared to CS F, G, H).

[0111] [Table 20]

[0112] [Table 21]

[0113] Tables 6A and 6B provide formulations based on non-functionalized propylene homopolymer (A) and also containing filler (E), i.e., talc. Table 6A includes the formulations and properties of blends prepared by Haake blending. Table 6B includes the properties of compression molded parts made from the compositions. CS I is a formulation that does not contain any functionalized components. CS J and CS K each contain only one of the functionalized components. IE8, which has both functionalized components, has higher notched Izod impact strength, similar high shear rate viscosity, and lower tan δ compared to CS I, J, and K.

[0114] The present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments and examples contained herein, but is expressly intended to include portions of the embodiments and modified forms of those embodiments, including combinations of elements of different embodiments, within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. 1. A composition comprising: (A) a non-functionalized propylene-based polymer; (B) a functionalized propylene-based polymer; and (C) a functionalized ethylene-based polymer; the functionalized propylene-based polymer (B) and the functionalized ethylene-based polymer (C) each have a different functional group, the functional group being selected from the group consisting of anhydrides and amines.

2. (A) 20% to 98% by weight of a non-functionalized propylene-based polymer; (B) 1% to 50% by weight of an amine-functionalized propylene-based polymer; (C) 1% to 50% by weight of a maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene-based polymer.

3. the amine-functionalized propylene-based polymer is an N-ethylethylenediamine-functionalized propylene homopolymer, the N-ethylethylenediamine-functionalized propylene homopolymer comprising: (i) a melt flow rate (2.16 kg, 190° C.) of 1 g / 10 min to 2000 g / 10 min; (ii) 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % N-ethylethylenediamine, based on the total weight of the functionalized N-ethylethylenediamine-functionalized propylene homopolymer.

4. The maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene-based polymer is (i) a melt index (2.16 kg, 190° C.) of 0.1 g / 10 min to 2000 g / 10 min; (ii) a maleic anhydride content of 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the functionalized ethylene-based polymer; and (iii) a base ethylene / carbon dioxide having a density of 0.850 g / cc to 0.920 g / cc ３ ~C ８ and an α-olefin copolymer.

5. (A) 20% to 98% by weight of a non-functionalized propylene-based polymer; (B) 1% by weight to 50% by weight of a maleic anhydride-grafted propylene-based polymer; (C) 1% to 50% by weight of an amine-functionalized ethylene-based polymer.

6. The maleic anhydride grafted propylene-based polymer is (i) a melt flow rate (2.16 kg, 190° C.) of 1 g / 10 min to 2000 g / 10 min; (ii) a maleic anhydride content of 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the functionalized propylene-based polymer.

7. The amine-functionalized ethylene-based polymer is N-ethylethylenediamine-functionalized ethylene / C ３ ~C ８ α-olefin copolymer, wherein the N-ethylethylenediamine functionalized ethylene / C ３ ~C ８ The α-olefin copolymer (i) a melt index (2.16 kg, 190° C.) of 0.1 g / 10 min to 2000 g / 10 min; (ii) the N-ethylethylenediamine-functionalized ethylene / C ３ ~C ８ an N-ethylethylenediamine content of 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %, based on the total weight of the α-olefin copolymer; (iii) a base ethylene / carbon dioxide having a density of 0.850 g / cc to 0.920 g / cc ３ ~C ８ and an α-olefin copolymer.

8. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising (D) a non-functionalized ethylene-based polymer.

9. the unfunctionalized ethylene-based polymer (i) a density of 0.850 g / cc to 0.920 g / cc; (ii) a melt index (2.16 kg, 190°C) of 0.1 g / 10 min to 2000 g / 10 min, ３ ~C ８ The composition of claim 8 which is an α-olefin copolymer.

10. (A) 50% to 85% by weight of a non-functionalized propylene-based polymer; (B) 1% to 10% by weight of an amine-functionalized propylene-based polymer having a melt flow rate (2.16 kg, 190°C) of 40 g / 10 min to 60 g / 10 min; (C) 1% to 10% by weight of a maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene-based polymer; (D) 10% to 25% by weight of a non-functionalized ethylene-based polymer.

11. the non-functionalized propylene-based polymer is a propylene homopolymer; The composition comprises: (i) a melt flow rate (2.16 kg, 230°C) of 5 g / 10 min to 10 g / 10 min; (ii) a viscosity (230°C) of 1900 Pa s to 2400 Pa s at 0.1 rad / s; (iii) a viscosity (230°C) of 200 Pa s to 500 Pa s at 100 rad / s; (iv) a tan δ of 2.4 to 4.5 at 0.1 rad / s; (v) any combination thereof.

12. A molded article constructed from the composition of claim 11, A flexural modulus of 750 MPa to 1150 MPa; a tensile yield strength of 15 MPa to 25 MPa; a tensile elongation at break of greater than 20%; 30 kJ / m at 23°C ２ ~80kJ / m ２ Notched Izod and MAII total energy of 15 J to 50 J at −40° C.; A transmittance of 40% to 70%; and combinations thereof.

13. the non-functionalized propylene-based polymer is a propylene impact copolymer; The composition comprises: A melt flow rate of 15 g / 10 min to 25 g / 10 min (2.16 kg, 230°C), A viscosity of 650 Pa s to 800 Pa s at 0.1 rad / s (230°C); A viscosity of 200 Pa·s to 300 Pa·s at 100 rad / s (230°C); 11. The composition of claim 10, having a tan δ at 0.1 rad / s of 5.0 to 10.

0.

14. A molded article constructed from the composition of claim 13, A flexural modulus of 800 MPa to 1050 MPa; a tensile yield strength of 15 MPa to 25 MPa; a tensile elongation at break of 100% to 500%; 10 kJ / m at 23°C ２ ~50 kJ / m ２ Notched Izod and MAII total energy of 25 J to 40 J at −40° C.; A transmittance of 45% to 60%; and combinations thereof.

15. (A) 50% to 85% by weight of an unfunctionalized propylene-based polymer that is a propylene homopolymer; (B) 1 wt. % to 20 wt. % of a maleic anhydride-grafted propylene-based polymer having a melt flow rate (2.16 kg, 190° C.) of 100 g / 10 min to 140 g / 10 min; (C) 1% to 20% by weight of a functionalized ethylene-based polymer; and (D) 10% to 30% by weight of a non-functionalized ethylene-based polymer.

16. The composition comprises: A melt flow rate of 1 g / 10 min to 5 g / 10 min (2.16 kg, 230°C), A viscosity of 1000 Pa·s to 3000 Pa·s at 0.1 rad / s (230°C); A viscosity of 200 Pa·s to 400 Pa·s at 100 rad / s (230°C); 16. The composition of claim 15, having a tan δ at 0.1 rad / s of 1.0 to 3.

0.

17. A molded article comprised of the composition of claim 16, A flexural modulus of 900 MPa to 1300 MPa; a tensile yield strength of 15 MPa to 30 MPa; a tensile elongation at break of greater than 30%; 57 kJ / m at 23°C ２ ~70kJ / m ２ Notched Izod and MAII total energy of 2J to 40J at -40°C; A transmittance of 35% to 70%; and combinations thereof.

18. the non-functionalized propylene-based polymer is a propylene impact copolymer; The composition comprises: A melt flow rate of 1 g / 10 min to 25 g / 10 min (2.16 kg, 230°C), A viscosity of 500 Pa·s to 3000 Pa·s at 0.1 rad / s (230°C); A viscosity of 200 Pa·s to 240 Pa·s at 100 rad / s (230°C); 16. The composition of claim 15, having a tan δ at 0.1 rad / s of 2.5 to 7.

0.

19. 19. A molded article comprised of the composition of claim 18, A flexural modulus of 1000 MPa to 1100 MPa; a tensile yield strength of 15 MPa to 25 MPa; a tensile elongation at break of greater than 80%; 10 kJ / m at 23°C ２ ~60kJ / m ２ Notched Izod and MAII total energy of 25J to 45J at -40°C; A transmittance of 40% to 60%; and combinations thereof.

20. The composition of claim 9, comprising: (E) a filler.

21. (A) 50% to 85% by weight of an unfunctionalized propylene-based polymer that is a propylene homopolymer; (B) 1% by weight to 20% by weight of a maleic anhydride-grafted propylene-based polymer having a melt flow rate (2.16 kg, 190°C) of 40 g / 10 min to 60 g / 10 min; (C) 1% to 20% by weight of a functionalized ethylene-based polymer; and (D) 10% to 25% by weight of a non-functionalized ethylene-based polymer; and (E) 1% to 15% by weight of a filler; The composition comprises: A viscosity of 2500 Pa·s to 2700 Pa·s at 0.1 rad / s (230°C); A viscosity of 300 Pa·s to 400 Pa·s at 100 rad / s (230°C); 21. The composition of claim 20, having a tan δ at 0.1 rad / s of 1.0 to 3.

0.

22. A molded article comprising the composition of claim 21, 10 kJ / m at 23°C ２ ~15kJ / m ２ A molded article having a notched Izod of