Crosslinkable olefin / silane interpolymer compositions

Abstract

1. A process for forming a crosslinked composition comprising the following components: a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer containing at least one Si—H group; b) at least one peroxide; c) at least one crosslinking coagent, and d) heat treating a composition comprising additive components including fillers and plasticizers. A composition comprising the following components: a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer containing at least one Si—H group; b) at least one peroxide; c) at least one crosslinking coagent, and d) additive components including fillers and plasticizers.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 265,635, filed December 17, 2021. [Background technology]

[0002] Peroxide-initiated crosslinking, functionalization, and rheology modification are widely used in olefin-based polymer applications. Reaction characteristics (e.g., efficiency, cure speed, and reaction selectivity) are critical factors that can greatly affect polymer formulations, part processability, and part performance. For example, olefin-based polymers with improved crosslinking speed and effectiveness can help customers reduce part manufacturing cycle times and / or minimize the use of expensive curing additives in the formulation. There is a need for olefin-based polymer compositions that can be crosslinked with improved (faster) crosslinking speed and improved crosslinking efficiency (higher crosslinking degree). In particular, there remains a need for new olefin-based polymer compositions and crosslinking processes thereof that provide high crosslinking speed and efficiency and also provide good mechanical properties to the crosslinked compositions and parts. These needs are met by the following inventions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] 1. A process for forming a crosslinked composition comprising the following components: a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer containing at least one Si—H group; b) at least one peroxide; c) at least one crosslinking coagent, and d) heat treating a composition containing additive components including fillers and plasticizers.

[0004] A composition comprising the following components: a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer containing at least one Si—H group; b) at least one peroxide; c) at least one crosslinking coagent, and d) additive components including fillers and plasticizers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0005] Compositions containing olefin / silane interpolymers have been found to provide the following significant features and associated benefits: a) improved cure effectiveness at low peroxide loadings, thereby enabling reduced peroxide loadings and resulting cost savings and reduced peroxide side reactions; b) improved cure speeds, thereby enabling shorter cycle times, increased throughput of manufactured parts, and lower variable equipment costs; c) selective formation of chemical bonds with silicon hydride (Si-H) functional groups, thereby enabling the design of unique polymer network microstructures with tailored properties, and d) good mechanical properties of the resulting crosslinked compositions and parts.

[0006] Methods for effectively curing these compositions have also become apparent. It has also been found that the silicon hydride functional groups can readily react with peroxide to form fully crosslinked interpolymers without the need for additional curing catalysts. It has also been found that even small amounts (e.g., 5.0 wt. % or less) of silane comonomers incorporated therein significantly improve the crosslinking effectiveness of the composition compared to crosslinking ethylene-based polymers using conventional crosslinking methods.

[0007] As discussed, in a first aspect, a process for forming a crosslinked composition is provided, the process comprising: a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer containing at least one Si—H group; b) at least one peroxide; c) at least one crosslinking coagent, and d) heat treating the composition including the additive components including the filler and the plasticizer.

[0008] The above process may include a combination of two or more embodiments described herein. Each component a, b, c, and d may include a combination of two or more embodiments described herein.

[0009] In a second aspect, a composition comprising the following ingredients: a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer containing at least one Si—H group; b) at least one peroxide; c) at least one crosslinking coagent, and d) A composition is also provided that includes additive components including fillers and plasticizers.

[0010] The composition may comprise a combination of two or more embodiments as described herein. Each of components a, b, c, and d may comprise a combination of two or more embodiments as described herein.

[0011] Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments apply to both the first and second aspects of the invention.

[0012] In one embodiment, or in a combination of two or more embodiments, each of which is described herein, the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is an ethylene / silane copolymer, an ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer, or an ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane terpolymer. In one embodiment, or in a combination of two or more embodiments, each of which is described herein, the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is an olefin / silane interpolymer formed in the presence of a bis-biphenyl-phenoxy metal complex.

[0013] In one embodiment, or in a combination of two or more embodiments, each of which is described herein, the composition comprises only one olefin / silane interpolymer, or only one ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer, or only one ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane terpolymer for component a. In one embodiment, or in a combination of two or more embodiments, each of which is described herein, the composition comprises two or more olefin / silane interpolymers, or two or more ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymers, or two or more ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane terpolymers for component a.

[0014] In one embodiment, or in a combination of two or more embodiments, each of which is described herein, the interpolymer of component a comprises, in polymerized form, 0.10 wt% or more, or 0.20 wt% or more, or 0.30 wt% or more, or 0.40 wt% or more, or 0.50 wt% or more, or 0.60 wt% or more, or 0.70 wt% or more, or 0.80 wt% or more, or 0.90 wt% or more, or 1.0 wt% or more, or 1.5 wt% or more, or 2.0 wt% or more of the silane, based on the weight of the interpolymer. In one embodiment, or in a combination of two or more embodiments, each of which is described herein, the interpolymer of component a comprises, in polymerized form, 40 wt% or less, or 30 wt% or less, or 20 wt% or less, or 10 wt% or less, or 8.0 wt% or less, or 6.0 wt% or less, or 5.0 wt% or less, or 4.0 wt% or less of the silane, based on the weight of the interpolymer.

[0015] In one embodiment, or in a combination of two or more embodiments, each of which is described herein, the interpolymer of component a has a molecular weight distribution (MWD, defined as the ratio of weight average (Mw) molecular weight to number average (Mn) molecular weight, Mw / Mn) of 1.5 or more, or 1.6 or more, or 1.7 or more, or 1.8 or more, or 1.9 or more. In one embodiment, or in a combination of two or more embodiments, each of which is described herein, the interpolymer of component a has a molecular weight distribution MWD of 5.0 or less, or 4.5 or less, or 4.0 or less, or 3.5 or less, or 3.0 or less, or 2.9 or less, or 2.8 or less, or 2.7 or less, or 2.6 or less, or 2.5 or less, or 2.4 or less, or 2.3 or less.

[0016] In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the silane has Formula 1: A-(SiBC-O) x -Si-EFH (Formula 1), wherein A is an alkenyl group, B is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen, C is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen, and B and C may be the same or different; H is hydrogen and x≧0; E is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen; F is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen; and E and F may be the same or different.

[0017] In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each as described herein, Formula 1 may be any of the following compounds s1) to s16):

[0018] [ka]

[0019] In one embodiment, or in a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the composition has a molar ratio of "active oxygen atoms in component b" to component a of 0.5 or more, or 0.7 or more, or 1.0 or more, or 1.5 or more, or 2.0 or more, or 2.5 or more, or 3.0 or more, or 3.5 or more, or 4.0 or more. In one embodiment, or in a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the composition has a molar ratio of "active oxygen atoms in component b" to component a of 30 or less, or 25 or less, or 20 or less, or 15 or less, or 12 or less, or 10 or less, or 7.5 or less, or 5.5 or less.

[0020] In one embodiment, or in a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the composition has a molar ratio of component c to "active oxygen atoms in component b" of 0 or more, or 0.01 or more, or 0.05 or more, or 0.10 or more, or 0.15 or more, or 0.20 or more. In one embodiment, or in a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the composition has a molar ratio of component c to "active oxygen atoms in component b" of 10.00 or less, or 7.50 or less, or 5.00 or less, or 2.50 or less, or 1.00 or less, or 0.75 or less, or 0.50 or less.

[0021] In one embodiment, or a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the composition further comprises an ethylene / alpha-olefin interpolymer or an ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymer.

[0022] In one embodiment, or in a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the composition includes only one peroxide for component b. In one embodiment, or in a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the composition includes two or more peroxides for component b. In one embodiment, or in a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the composition includes two or more crosslinking coagents for component c.

[0023] In one embodiment, or in a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the composition is heat treated at a temperature of 120° C. or more, or 130° C. or more, or 140° C. or more, or 150° C. or more. In one embodiment, or in a combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the composition is heat treated at a temperature of 200° C. or less, or 195° C. or less, or 190° C. or less, or 185° C. or less, or 180° C. or less.

[0024] Also provided are crosslinked compositions formed by the inventive processes described herein or from the inventive compositions described herein.

[0025] Also provided is an article comprising at least one component formed from the composition of any one embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein. In one embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the article is a film. In one embodiment or combination of two or more embodiments, each described herein, the article is a solar cell module, an encapsulant film, a cable, a footwear component, an automotive part, a window profile, a tire, a weatherstrip, a tube, a belt, a hose, or a roofing membrane.

[0026] Silane Monomer As used herein, a silane monomer comprises at least one Si-H group. In one embodiment, the silane monomer is selected from Formula 1, as discussed above.

[0027] Some examples of silane monomers include hexenylsilane, allylsilane, vinylsilane, octenylsilane, hexenyldimethylsilane, octenyldimethylsilane, vinyldimethylsilane, vinyldiethylsilane, vinyldi(n-butyl)silane, vinylmethyloctadecylsilane, vinyldiphenylsilane, vinyldibenzylsilane, allyldimethylsilane, allyldiethylsilane, allyldi(n-butyl)silane, allylmethyloctadecylsilane, allyldiphenylsilane, bishexenylsilane, and allyidibenzylsilane. Mixtures of the aforementioned alkenylsilanes may also be used.

[0028] More specific examples of silane monomers include the following: (5-hexenyl-dimethylsilane (HDMS), 7-octenyldimethylsilane (ODMS), allyldimethylsilane (ADMS), 3-butenyldimethylsilane, 1-(but-3-en-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (BuMMH), 1-(hex-5-en-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (HexMMH), (2-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)ethyl)-dimethylsilane (NorDMS), and 1-(2-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)ethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (NorMMH). Mixtures of the aforementioned alkenylsilanes may also be used.

[0029] Peroxide As discussed above, the composition comprises a peroxide. As used herein, a peroxide contains at least one oxygen-oxygen bond (OO). Peroxides include, but are not limited to, dialkyl, diaryl, dialkaryl, and diaralkyl peroxides with the same or different respective alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, and aralkyl moieties, and dialkyl, diaryl, dialkaryl, and diaralkyl peroxides with the same respective alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, and aralkyl moieties.

[0030] Exemplary organic peroxides include dicumyl peroxide ("DCP"), tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, di-tert-amyl peroxide ("DTAP"), bis(t-butyl-peroxyisopropyl)benzene (bis(t-butyl-peroxy isopropyl)benzene, "BIPB"; isopropyl cumyl t-butyl peroxide; t-butyl cumyl peroxide; di-t-butyl peroxide; 2,5-bis(t-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane; 2,5-bis(t-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexyne-3; 1,1-bis(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; isopropyl cumyl cumyl peroxide; butyl 4,4-di(tert-butylperoxy)valerate; di(isopropyl cumyl)peroxide; 1,1-di-(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane ("Luperox 331"); 1,1-di-(tert-amylperoxy)cyclohexane ("Luperox 531"); tert-butyl peroxyacetate (tert-butylperoxyacetate, "TBPA"); tert-amyl peroxyacetate (tert-amyl peroxyacetate, "TAPA"), 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane ("Luperox 101"), tert-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate, "TBEC"), and mixtures of two or more thereof.

[0031] In one or more embodiments, the peroxide may be a cyclic peroxide. One example of a cyclic peroxide is: Equation 2 below:

[0032] [ka] (wherein R1 to R6 are each independently hydrogen or an inertly substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl, C3 to C20 cycloalkyl, C6 to C20 aryl, C7 to C20 aralkyl, or C7 to C20 alkaryl). Representative inert substituents included in R1 to R6 are hydroxyl, C1 to C20 alkoxy, linear or branched C1 to C20 alkyl, C6 to C20 aryloxy, halogen, ester, carboxyl, nitrile, and amide. In one or more embodiments, R1 to R6 are each independently lower alkyl, including, for example, C1 to C10 alkyl or C1 to C4 alkyl.

[0033] Some cyclic peroxides are commercially available, such as 3,6,9-triethyl-3,6,9-trimethyl-1,4,7-triperoxonane, for example, under the trade name TRIGONOX. Examples of cyclic peroxides include those derived from acetone, methyl amyl ketone, methyl heptyl ketone, methyl hexyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, diethyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl octyl ketone, methyl nonyl ketone, methyl decyl ketone, methyl undecyl ketone, and combinations thereof, among others. The cyclic peroxides can be used alone or in combination with each other. The peroxides can be liquid, solid, or paste.

[0034] Crosslinking Coagent As used herein, a "crosslinking coagent" is a compound that promotes crosslinking, for example, by helping to establish a higher concentration of reactive sites and / or by helping to reduce the chance of deleterious radical side reactions. Crosslinking coagents include triallyl cyanurate (TAC), triallyl phosphate (TAP), triallyl isoc ... isocyanurate, TAIC), 1,3,5,7-tetravinyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (vinyl D4), 2,4,6-trimethyl-2,4,6-trivinyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatrisilinane (vinyl D3), 2,4,6,8,10-pentamethyl-2,4,6,8,10-pentavinyl-1,3,5,7,9,2,4,6,8,10-pentaoxapentasilane (vinyl D5), dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, and trimethylolpropane triacrylate, triallyl trimellitate, N,N,N',N',N",N"-hexaallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine, triallyl orthoformate, pentaerythritol triallyl ether , triallyl citrate; triallyl aconitate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethylacrylate, ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate triacrylate, propoxylated glyceryl triacrylate, polybutadiene having a 1,2-vinyl content of at least 50% by weight, trivinylcyclohexane, certain dicarbonyl species such as 1,3-diacetylbenzene (DAB), and mixtures of any two or more thereof.

[0035] Additives The compositions of the present invention may further comprise additives, including, but not limited to, UV stabilizers, antioxidants, fillers, scorch retarders, tackifiers, waxes, compatibilizers, adhesion promoters, plasticizers (e.g., oils), blocking agents, antiblocking agents, antistatic agents, mold release agents, antiblocking additives, colorants, dyes, pigments, and combinations thereof.

[0036] definition Unless stated to the contrary, implicit from the context, or customary in the art, all parts and percentages are by weight and all test methods are current as of the filing date of this disclosure.

[0037] As used herein, the term "composition" includes mixtures of materials, including compositions and reaction products and decomposition products formed from the materials of the composition. Any reaction or decomposition products are typically present in trace or residual amounts.

[0038] As used herein, the term "polymer" refers to a polymeric compound prepared by polymerizing the same or different types of monomers. Thus, the generic term polymer includes the term homopolymer (used to refer to a polymer prepared from only one type of monomer, with the understanding that trace amounts of impurities may be incorporated into the polymer structure), and the term interpolymer, as defined herein below. Trace amounts of impurities, such as catalyst residues, may be incorporated into and / or within the polymer. Typically, polymers are stabilized with very small amounts ("ppm" amounts) of one or more stabilizers.

[0039] As used herein, the term "interpolymer" refers to a polymer prepared by the polymerization of at least two different types of monomers. Thus, the term interpolymer includes the term copolymer (used to refer to a polymer prepared from two different types of monomers) and polymers prepared from more than two different types of monomers.

[0040] As used herein, the term "olefin-based polymer" refers to a polymer that contains, in polymerized form, at least 50 weight percent, or majority weight percent (based on the weight of the polymer), of an olefin, such as ethylene or propylene, and may optionally contain one or more comonomers.

[0041] As used herein, the term "propylene-based polymer" refers to a polymer that, in polymerized form, contains at least 50 weight percent or majority weight percent propylene (based on the weight of the polymer) and may optionally contain one or more comonomers.

[0042] As used herein, the term "ethylene-based polymer" refers to a polymer that, in polymerized form, contains at least 50 weight percent or majority weight percent ethylene (based on the weight of the polymer) and may optionally contain one or more comonomers.

[0043] As used herein, the term "ethylene / alpha-olefin interpolymer" refers to a random interpolymer that comprises, in polymerized form, at least 50 weight percent or a majority weight percent of ethylene and an alpha-olefin (based on the weight of the interpolymer).

[0044] As used herein, the term "ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymer" refers to a random copolymer that contains, in polymerized form, at least 50 weight percent or a majority weight percent (based on the weight of the copolymer) of ethylene and an alpha-olefin as the only two monomer types.

[0045] As used herein, the term "olefin / silane interpolymer" refers to a random interpolymer that contains at least 50% or majority weight percent of olefin and silane monomer in polymerized form (based on the weight of the interpolymer). As used herein, the interpolymer contains at least one Si-H group, and the phrase "at least one Si-H group" refers to the type of "Si-H" group. It is understood in the art that an interpolymer contains a large number of these groups. Olefin / silane interpolymers are formed by copolymerization of at least an olefin and a silane monomer (e.g., using a bis-biphenyl-phenoxy metal complex). An example of a silane monomer is shown in Formula 1 above.

[0046] As used herein, the term "ethylene / silane interpolymer" refers to a random interpolymer that, in polymerized form, comprises at least 50% or a majority weight percent of ethylene and a silane monomer (based on the weight of the interpolymer). As used herein, the interpolymer comprises at least one Si-H group, and the phrase "at least one Si-H group" as discussed above. The ethylene / silane interpolymer is formed by copolymerization of at least ethylene and a silane monomer.

[0047] As used herein, the term "ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer" refers to a random interpolymer that comprises, in polymerized form, at least 50% or a majority weight percent of ethylene, alpha-olefin, and silane monomer (based on the weight of the interpolymer). As used herein, these interpolymers contain at least one Si-H group, as discussed above. Ethylene / silane interpolymers are formed by copolymerization of at least ethylene, α-olefin, and silane monomer.

[0048] As used herein, the term "ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane terpolymer" refers to a random terpolymer that, in polymerized form, contains at least 50% or a majority weight percent (based on the weight of the terpolymer) of ethylene, an alpha-olefin, and a silane monomer as the only three monomers. As used herein, a terpolymer contains at least one Si-H group, as discussed above. Ethylene / silane terpolymers are formed by copolymerization of ethylene, an α-olefin, and a silane monomer.

[0049] As used herein, with respect to a polymer (or interpolymer or terpolymer or copolymer), the phrase "major weight percent" refers to the amount of monomer that is present in the greatest amount in the polymer.

[0050] As used herein, the terms "hydrocarbon group," "hydrocarbyl group," and similar terms refer to chemical groups that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

[0051] As used herein, the term "crosslinked composition" refers to a composition having a network structure due to the formation of chemical bonds between polymer chains, the extent of which is indicated by an increase in the "MH-ML" value as discussed herein.

[0052] As used herein with respect to compositions comprising olefin / silane interpolymers, the terms "heat treating", "thermal treatment", and similar terms refer to the application of heat to the composition. Heat may be applied by electrical means (e.g., heating coils), and / or by radiation, and / or by hot oil, and / or by mechanical shear. It should be noted that the temperature at which the heat treatment is carried out refers to the temperature of the composition (e.g., the melting temperature of the composition).

[0053] As used herein, the term "bis-biphenyl-phenoxy metal complex" refers to complexes such as those disclosed in WO 2012 / 027448. Examples of such complexes include, but are not limited to, "PE CAT 1" and "PE CAT 2" as found in the experimental section below. Specifically, as used herein, the term "bis-biphenyl-phenoxy metal complex" refers to a chemical structure that includes a metal or metal ion bound and / or coordinated to one or more, preferably two, biphenyl-phenoxy ligands. In one embodiment, the chemical structure includes a metal that is bound to two biphenyl-phenoxy ligands through an oxygen atom of each respective biphenyl-phenoxy ligand. Metal complexes are typically made catalytically active by the use of one or more cocatalysts.

[0054] For example, see Formula D1 below:

[0055] [ka] where M1 is a metal selected from zirconium (Zr) or hafnium (Hf) or titanium (Ti), further Zr or Hf, the metal being in a formal oxidation state of +2, +3 or +4; each X is independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30) hydro-carbyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30) heterohydrocarbyl, and -H, and each X is independently a monodentate or bidentate ligand; n is 0, 1, or 2, and optionally when n is 1, X can be a bidentate ligand; each of -T2- and -T3- is independently selected from -O-, -S-, -N(RN)-, and -P(RP)-; R6 and R21 each independently represent -H, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C40) hydrocarbyl, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C40) heterohydrocarbyl, -Si(RC)3, -Ge(RC)3, -P(RP)2, -N(RN)2, -ORC, -SRC, -NO2, -CN, -CF3, RCS(O)-, RCS(O)2-, (RC)2C=N-, RCC(O)O-, RCOC(O)-, RCC(O)N(R)-, (RC)2NC(O)-, a halogen, a radical having formula (I), a radical having formula (II), and A radical having the formula (III):

[0056] [ka] wherein each of R22-26, R27-34, and R35-43 is independently selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C40) hydrocarbyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C1C40) hetero-hydrocarbyl, -Si(RC)3, -Ge(RC)3, -P(RP)2, -N(RN)2, -N=CHRC, -ORC, -SRC, -NO2, -CN, -CF3, RCS(O)-, RCS(O)2-, (RC)2C=N-, RCC(O)O-, RCOC(O)-, RCC(O)N(RN)-, (RC)2NC(O)-, halogen, and -H; each of R7-R20 is independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C40) hydrocarbyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C40) heterohydrocarbyl, -Si(RC)3, -Ge(RC)3, -P(RP)2, -N(RN)2, -N=CHRC, -ORC, -SRC, -NO2, -CN, -CF3, RCS(O)-, RCS(O)2-, (RC)2C=N-, RCC(O)O-, RCOC(O)-, RCC(O)N(RN)-, (RC)2NC(O)-, halogen, and -H; J4 is a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C40) hydrocarbylene or a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C40) heterohydrocarbylene, the substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C40) hydrocarbylene having a moiety including a linker skeleton of 1 to 10 carbon atoms connecting the groups T2 and T3 (to which J4 is bonded) in the formula D1, or the substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C40) heterohydrocarbylene having a moiety including a linker skeleton of 1 to 1 carbon atoms connecting the groups T2 and T3 in the formula D1. each of the 1 to 10 atoms of the linker backbone of 1 to 10 atoms is independently a carbon atom or a heteroatom of a heteroatom group, each heteroatom group is independently O, S, S(O), S(O)2, Si(RC)2, Ge(RC)2, P(RC), or N(RC), each R is independently a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30) hydrocarbyl or a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30) heterohydrocarbyl; Each R, R, and the remaining R in formula D1 are independently a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30) hydrocarbyl, a substituted or unsubstituted (C1-C30)-heterohydro-carbyl, or -H, and the metal complex is overall charge neutral.

[0057] As used herein, with respect to the term "ratio," a value of X is understood to be X:1 (or X to 1). For example, a ratio of at least 2.0 is understood to be 2.0:1.0 (or 2.0 to 1.0).

[0058] The term "alkenyl group," as used herein, refers to an organic chemical group that contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C). In preferred embodiments, alkenyl groups are examples of hydrocarbon groups that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond or contain only one carbon-carbon double bond.

[0059] As used herein, the term "active oxygen atom" refers to an oxygen atom that is present as one of the covalently bonded oxygen atoms in an organic peroxide. For example, a monofunctional peroxide has two active oxygen atoms. An oxygen atom that is present in an organic peroxide but is not covalently bonded to another oxygen atom is not considered to be an active oxygen atom. As used herein, "monofunctional peroxide" refers to a peroxide that has a pair of covalently bonded oxygen atoms (e.g., has the structure ROOR). As used herein, "bifunctional peroxide" refers to a peroxide that has two pairs of covalently bonded oxygen atoms (e.g., has the structure ROOROOR). In one embodiment, the organic peroxide is a monofunctional peroxide.

[0060] The molar ratio of active oxygen atoms to polymer is calculated according to the following equation: where the number of moles of polymer is calculated based on the Mn of the polymer.

[0061]

number

[0062] The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and their derivatives are not intended to exclude the presence of any additional components, steps, or procedures, whether or not they are specifically disclosed. For the avoidance of doubt, all compositions claimed through the use of the term "comprising" may include any additional additives, adjuvants, or compounds, whether polymeric or not, unless stated to the contrary. In contrast, the term "consisting essentially of" excludes from the scope of any ensuing description any other component, step, or procedure, except those that are not essential to operability. The term "consisting of" excludes any component, step, or procedure not specifically defined or listed.

[0063] List of some processes and compositions A] A process for forming a crosslinked composition comprising the following components: a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer containing at least one Si—H group; b) at least one peroxide; c) at least one crosslinking coagent, and d) heat treating a composition containing additive components including fillers and plasticizers. B] The process described in A] above, wherein the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is an ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer or an ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane terpolymer. C] The process according to B] above, wherein the alpha-olefin of the ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer or terpolymer is a C3 to C20 alpha-olefin, or a C3 to C10 alpha-olefin, or a C3 to C8 alpha-olefin, or one of propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, or 1-octene, or one of propylene, 1-butene, or 1-octene, or one of 1-butene or 1-octene, or 1-octene. D] The process of any one of A]-C] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a contains, in polymerized form, 0.10 wt% or more, or 0.20 wt% or more, or 0.30 wt% or more, or 0.40 wt% or more, or 0.50 wt% or more, or 0.60 wt% or more, or 0.70 wt% or more, or 0.80 wt% or more, or 0.90 wt% or more, or 1.0 wt% or more, or 1.5 wt% or more, or 2.0 wt% or more of the silane, based on the weight of the interpolymer. E] The process of any one of A]-D] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a contains, in polymerized form, 40 wt.% or less, or 30 wt.% or less, or 20 wt.% or less, or 10 wt.% or less, or 8.0 wt.% or less, or 6.0 wt.% or less, or 4.0 wt.% or less of silane, based on the weight of the interpolymer. F] The process of any one of A]-E] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a contains, in polymerized form, 5.0 wt.% or less, or 4.5 wt.% or less, or 4.0 wt.% or less, or 3.8 wt.% or less, or 3.6 wt.% or less, or 3.4 wt.% or less, or 3.2 wt.% or less, or 3.0 wt.% or less of silane, based on the weight of the interpolymer. G] The process described in any one of A] to F] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a molecular weight distribution (MWD=Mw / Mn) of 1.5 or more, or 1.6 or more, or 1.7 or more, or 1.8 or more, or 1.9 or more. H] The process described in any one of A] to G] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a molecular weight distribution MWD of 5.0 or less, or 4.5 or less, or 4.0 or less, or 3.5 or less, or 3.0 or less, or 2.9 or less, or 2.8 or less, or 2.7 or less, or 2.6 or less, or 2.5 or less, or 2.4 or less, or 2.3 or less. I] The process of any one of A] to H] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 10,000 g / mol or more, or 12,000 g / mol or more, or 14,000 g / mol or more, or 16,000 g / mol or more, or 18,000 g / mol or more, or 20,000 g / mol or more, or 22,000 g / mol or more, or 24,000 g / mol or more, or 26,000 g / mol or more, or 28,000 g / mol or more, or 30,000 g / mol or more, or 32,000 g / mol or more, or 40,000 g / mol or more. J] The process of any one of A]-I] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 100,000 g / mole or less, or 95,000 g / mole or less, or 90,000 g / mole or less, or 85,000 g / mole or less, or 80,000 g / mole or less, or 75,000 g / mole or less, or 70,000 g / mole or less, or 68,000 g / mole or less, or 66,000 g / mole or less, or 64,000 g / mole or less, or 62,000 g / mole or less, or 60,000 g / mole or less. K] The process of any one of A]-J] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 20,000 g / mol or more, or 25,000 g / mol or more, or 30,000 g / mol or more, or 35,000 g / mol or more, or 40,000 g / mol or more, or 45,000 g / mol or more, or 50,000 g / mol or more, or 52,000 g / mol or more, or 54,000 g / mol or more, or 56,000 g / mol or more, or 58,000 g / mol or more, or 60,000 g / mol or more, or 62,000 g / mol or more, or 70,000 g / mol or more, or 80,000 g / mol or more, or 90,000 g / mol or more. L] The process of any one of A]-K] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 300,000 g / mole or less, or 250,000 g / mole or less, or 200,000 g / mole or less, or 190,000 g / mole or less, or 180,000 g / mole or less, or 170,000 g / mole or less, or 160,000 g / mole or less, or 150,000 g / mole or less, or 148,000 g / mole or less, or 146,000 g / mole or less, or 144,000 g / mole or less, or 142,000 g / mole or less, or 140,000 g / mole or less, or 138,000 g / mole or less, or 120,000 g / mole or less. M] The interpolymer of component a has a viscosity of 0.855 g / cc or more, or 0.856 g / cc or more, or 0.857 g / cc or more, or 0.858 g / cc or more, or 0.859 g / cc or more, or 0.860 g / cc or more, or 0.861 g / cc or more, or 0.862 g / cc or more, or 0.863 g / cc or more, or 0.864 g / cc or more, or 0.865 g / cc or more, or 0.866 g / cc or more, or 0.867 g / cc or more (1 cc = 1 cm 3 The process according to any one of A] to L] above, wherein the density of the resulting product is 0.01 to 0.15% by weight. N] The interpolymer of component a has a density of 0.950 g / cc or less, or 0.920 g / cc or less, or 0.900 g / cc or less, or 0.890 g / cc or less, or 0.888 g / cc or less, or 0.886 g / cc or less, or 0.884 g / cc or less, or 0.882 g / cc or less, or 0.880 g / cc or less, or 0.878 g / cc or less, or 0.876 g / cc or less, or 0.874 g / cc or less, the process described in any one of A] to M] above. O] The process described in any one of A] to N] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a melt index (I2) of 0.5 dg / min or more, or 1.0 dg / min or more, or 2.0 dg / min or more, or 5.0 dg / min or more, or 10 dg / min or more. P] The process described in any one of A] to O] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a melt index (I2) of 1,000 dg / min or less, or 500 dg / min or less, or 250 dg / min or less, or 100 dg / min or less, or 50 dg / min or less, or 20 dg / min or less, or 15 dg / min or less, or 10 dg / min or less. Q] The process described in any one of A] to P] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has an I10 / I2 ratio of 6.0 or more, or 7.0 or more, or 8.0 or more, or 9.0 or more, or 10 or more. R] The process described in any one of A] to Q] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has an I10 / I2 ratio of 30 or less, or 25 or less, or 20 or less, or 15 or less, or 12 or less. The process described in any one of A] to R] above, wherein S] the silane is derived from a silane monomer selected from Formula 1 above. T] The process described in S] above, wherein for formula 1, x is 0 to 10, or 0 to 8, or 0 to 6, or 0 to 4, or 0 to 2, or 0 or 1, or 0. U] The process according to the above S] or T], wherein in formula 1, A is a C2 to C50 alkenyl group, or a C2 to C40 alkenyl group, or a C2 to C30 alkenyl group, or a C2 to C20 alkenyl group. V] With respect to formula 1, A is one of the following structures i) to iv): i)R1 R 2 C=CR 3 -(In the formula, R 1 and R 2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group; 3 is hydrogen and R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different); ii) R 1 R 2 C=CR 3 -(CR 4 R 5 ) n (In the formula, R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , and R 5 Each of R is independently hydrogen or an alkyl group; 3 is hydrogen and R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , and R 5 may be the same or different, and n is 1 to 10, or 1 to 8, or 1 to 6, or 1 to 4, or 1 to 2, or 1); iii)

[0064] [ka] (In the formula, R 1 and R 2 is independently hydrogen or an alkyl group, and R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different, and n is 1 to 10, or 1 to 8, or 1 to 6, or 1 to 4, or 1 to 2, or 1; or iv)

[0065] [ka] (In the formula, R 1 and R 2 is independently hydrogen or an alkyl group, and R 1 and R2 may be the same or different, and n is 1 to 10, or 1 to 8, or 1 to 6, or 1 to 4, or 1 to 2, or 1. W] With respect to Formula 1, A is one of the following structures i) to iv): i) H2C=CH-; ii) H2C=CH-(CH2) n - (wherein n is 1 to 10, or 1 to 8, or 1 to 6, or 1 to 4, or 1 to 2, or 1); iii)

[0066] [ka] (wherein n is 1 to 10, or 1 to 8, or 1 to 6, or 1 to 4, or 1 to 2, or 1); or iv)

[0067] [ka] (wherein n is 1 to 10, or 1 to 8, or 1 to 6, or 1 to 4, or 1 to 2, or 1), X] The process according to any one of the above S] to W], wherein for formula 1, B is alkyl, or C1 to C5 alkyl, or C1 to C4 alkyl, or C1 to C3 alkyl, or C1 to C2 alkyl, or methyl. The process according to any one of the above S] to X], wherein for formula 1, C is alkyl, or C1 to C5 alkyl, or C1 to C4 alkyl, or C1 to C3 alkyl, or C1 to C2 alkyl, or methyl. Z] The process according to any one of the above S] to Y], wherein for formula 1, E is alkyl, or C1 to C5 alkyl, or C1 to C4 alkyl, or C1 to C3 alkyl, or C1 to C2 alkyl, or methyl. A2] The process according to any one of the above S] to Z], wherein, for formula 1, F is alkyl, or C1 to C5 alkyl, or C1 to C4 alkyl, or C1 to C3 alkyl, or C1 to C2 alkyl, or methyl. B2] The process according to any one of S] to A2] above, wherein formula 1 is selected from the above compounds s1) to s16). C2] The process according to any one of S] to B2] above, wherein formula 1 is selected from the above structures s1) to s8). D2] The process according to any one of S] to B2] above, wherein formula 1 is selected from the above structures s9) to s16). E2] Silane is the following compound: (5-hexenyl-dimethylsilane (HDMS), 7-octenyldimethylsilane (ODMS), allyldimethylsilane, 3-butenyldimethylsilane, 1-(but-3-en-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-disiloxane (BuMMH), 1-(hex-5-en-1-yl)-1,1, The process according to any one of A] to D2] above, wherein the silane monomer is selected from 3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (HexMMH), (2-bicyclo-[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)ethyl)dimethyl-silane (NorDMS), 1-(2-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)ethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (NorMMH), and any combination thereof. F2] the composition comprises: The process of any one of A] to E2] above, having a weight ratio of component a to component b of 10 or more, or 15 or more, or 20 or more, or 22 or more. G2] The process of any one of A] to F2] above, wherein the composition has a weight ratio of component a to component b of 100 or less, or 90 or less, or 80 or less, or 70 or less, or 60 or less, or 50 or less, or 40 or less, or 30 or less, or 25 or less. H2] The process described in any one of A] to G2] above, wherein the composition comprises 10 wt. % or more, or 15 wt. % or more, or 20 wt. % or more, or 25 wt. % or more, or 30 wt. % or more, or 32 wt. % or more of component d, based on the weight of the composition. I2] The process described in H2] above, wherein the composition comprises 50% by weight or less, or 45% by weight or less, or 40% by weight or less, or 35% by weight or less of component d, based on the weight of the composition. J2] The process of H2] or I2] above, wherein component d has a weight ratio of filler to plasticizer of 0.5 or more, 1.0 or more, or 1.5 or more, or 2.0 or more to 0.5 or less, or 1.0 or less, or 1.5 or less, or 2.0 or less. K2] The process described in any one of A] to J2] above, wherein the composition has a weight ratio of component a to component d of 1.0 or greater, or 1.5 or greater, or 2.0 or greater, or 2.5 or greater, or 3.0 or greater. L2] The process of any one of A] to K2] above, wherein the composition has a weight ratio of component a to component d of 5.0 or less, or 4.5 or less, or 4.0 or less, or 3.5 or less, or 3.0 or less, or 2.5 or less, or 2.0 or less. [M2] The process described in any one of the above H2] to L2], wherein the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is an olefin / silane interpolymer formed in the presence of a bis-biphenyl-phenoxy metal complex. N2] The process described in any one of H2] to M2] above, wherein the filler is carbon black and the plasticizer is paraffin oil. O2] The process described in any one of A] to N2] above, wherein the composition comprises, based on the weight of the composition, 20.0 wt.% or more, or 30.0 wt.% or more, or 40.0 wt.% or more, or 45.0 wt.% or more, or 50.0 wt.% or more, or 55.0 wt.% or more, or 60.0 wt.% or more, or 65.0 wt.% or more, or 70.0 wt.% or more, or 75.0 wt.% or more, or 80.0 wt.% or more, or 85.0 wt.% or more, or 90.0 wt.% or more of component a. P2] The process described in any one of A] to O2] above, wherein the composition comprises 90.0 wt.% or less, or 85.0 wt.% or less, or 80.0 wt.% or less, or 75.0 wt.% or less, or 70.0 wt.% or less of component a, based on the weight of the composition. Q2] The process described in any one of A] to P2] above, wherein the composition comprises, based on the weight of the composition, 0.50 wt. % or more, or 1.0 wt. % or more, or 1.5 wt. % or more, or 2.0 wt. % or more, or 2.5 wt. % or more, or 2.8 wt. % or more, or 3.0 wt. % or more of component b. R2] The process described in any one of A] to Q2] above, wherein the composition contains 5.0 wt. % or less, or 4.5 wt. % or less, or 4.0 wt. % or less, or 3.5 wt. % or less, or 3.0 wt. % or less of component b, based on the weight of the composition. S2] The process described in any one of A] to R2] above, wherein the composition comprises, based on the weight of the composition, 0.10 wt.% or more, or 0.20 wt.% or more, or 0.30 wt.% or more, or 0.40 wt.% or more, or 0.50 wt.% or more, or 0.60 wt.% or more, or 0.65 wt.% or more, or 0.70 wt.% or more of component c. T2] The process described in any one of A] to S2] above, wherein the composition comprises, based on the weight of the composition, 5.00 wt.% or less, or 3.00 wt.% or less, or 2.50 wt.% or less, or 2.00 wt.% or less, or 1.50 wt.% or less, or 1.00 wt.% or less, or 0.90 wt.% or less, or 0.80 wt.% or less, or 0.75 wt.% or less, or 0.70 wt.% or less, or 0.65 wt.% or less of component c. U2] The process described in any one of A] to T2] above, wherein the composition comprises, based on the weight of the composition, 20.0 wt. % or more, or 30.0 wt. % or more, or 40.0 wt. % or more, or 45.0 wt. % or more, or 50.0 wt. % or more, or 55.0 wt. % or more, or 60.0 wt. % or more, or 65.0 wt. % or more, or 70.0 wt. % or more of the sum of components a and b. V2] The process described in any one of A] to U2] above, wherein the composition comprises 90.0% by weight or less, or 85.0% by weight or less, or 80.0% by weight or less, or 75.0% by weight or less, or 70.0% by weight or less of the sum of components a and b, based on the weight of the composition. W2] The process described in any one of A] to V2] above, wherein the composition comprises, based on the weight of the composition, 20.0 wt.% or more, or 30.0 wt.% or more, or 40.0 wt.% or more, or 45.0 wt.% or more, or 50.0 wt.% or more, or 55.0 wt.% or more, or 60.0 wt.% or more, or 65.0 wt.% or more, or 70.0 wt.% or more of the sum of components a, b, and c. X2] The process described in any one of A] to W2] above, wherein the composition comprises 90.0 wt. % or less, or 85.0 wt. % or less, or 80.0 wt. % or less, or 75.0 wt. % or less, or 70.0 wt. % or less of the sum of components a, b, and c, based on the weight of the composition. Y2] A process described in any one of A] to X2] above, wherein the composition is heat treated at a temperature of 120°C or more, or 125°C or more, or 130°C or more, or 135°C or more, or 140°C or more, or 145°C or more, or 150°C or more. Z2] A process described in any one of A] to Y2] above, in which the composition is heat treated at a temperature of 200°C or less, or 195°C or less, or 190°C or less, or 185°C or less, or 180°C or less. A3] The process according to any one of A] to Z2] above, wherein the composition has an "MH-ML" value, after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes, of 3.0 or more, or 3.5 or more, or 4.0 or more, or 4.5 or more, or 5.0 or more, or 5.5 or more, or 6.0 or more, or 6.5 or more, or 7.0 or more, or 7.5 or more, or 8.0 or more, or 8.5 or more, or 9.0 or more. * m. MH and ML values ​​are determined by the MDR as described herein. B3] The composition, The process according to any one of A] to A3] above, having an "MH-ML" value of 50.0 or less, or 45.0 or less, or 40.0 or less, or 35.0 or less, or 30.0 or less, or 25.0 or less, or 20.0 or less, or 15.0 or less, or 10.0 or less, or 9.5 or less, or 9.0 or less after treatment at a temperature of 180° C. for 30 minutes. * m. C3] The composition has a hardness of 0.60 dN after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes. * m / min or more, or 0.70dN * m / min or more, or 0.80dN * m / min or more, or 0.90dN * m / min or more, 1.00dN * m / min or more, or 1.50dN * m / min or more, 1.80dN * m / min or more, 1.90dN * m / min or more, or 2.00dN * m / min or more, or 3.00dN * The process according to any one of A] to B3] above, having a [(MH-ML) / T90] value of at least m / min, wherein the MH, ML and T90 values ​​are determined by MDR as described herein. D3] The composition has a hardness of 20dN after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes. * m / min or less, or 15dN * m / min or less, or 10dN * m / min or less, or 5.0 dN * m / min or less, or 3.0 dN * m / min or less, or 2.0 dN * The process described in any one of A] to C3] above, having a [(MH-ML) / T90] value of m / min or less. E3] The process of any one of A] to D3] above, wherein the composition further comprises a thermoplastic polymer different from the interpolymer of component a in one or more characteristics, such as type and / or amount of monomer, density, melt index (I2), Mn, Mw, MWD, or any combination thereof, and further in one or more characteristics, such as type and / or amount of monomer, Mn, Mw, MWD, or any combination thereof. F3] The process described in any one of A] to E3] above, wherein the composition further comprises an ethylene / alpha-olefin interpolymer or an ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymer. G3] The process according to F3] above, wherein the alpha-olefin of the ethylene / alpha-olefin interpolymer or copolymer is a C3 to C20 alpha-olefin, or a C3 to C10 alpha-olefin, or a C3 to C8 alpha-olefin, or one of propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, or 1-octene, or one of propylene, 1-butene, or 1-octene, or one of 1-butene or 1-octene, or 1-octene. H3] The olefin / silane interpolymer of component a has a melting temperature (T m The process according to any one of A] to G3] above, I3] The olefin / silane interpolymer of component a has a melting temperature (T m The process according to any one of A] to H3] above, J3] The process described in any one of A] to I3] above, wherein the composition comprises, based on the weight of the composition, 70.0% by weight or more, or 75.0% by weight or more, or 80.0% by weight or more, or 85.0% by weight or more, or 90.0% by weight or more, or 95.0% by weight or more, or 97.0% by weight or more, or 99.0% by weight or more, or 99.5% by weight or more, or 99.9% by weight or more of the sum of components a, b, c, and d. K3] The composition comprises, by weight of the composition, 100 ppm or less, or 50 ppm or less, or 20 ppm or less, or 10 ppm or less, or 5.0 ppm or less of a Lewis acid (e.g., The process according to any one of A] to J3] above, comprising a tertiary amine, a tertiary amine salt, and a tertiary amine salt. L3] The process described in any one of A] to K3] above, wherein the composition does not contain a Lewis acid. M3] The process of any one of A]-L3] above, wherein the composition comprises, based on the weight of the composition, 100 ppm or less, or 50 ppm or less, or 20 ppm or less, or 10 ppm or less, or 5.0 ppm or less of Lewis base. N3] The process described in any one of A] to M3] above, wherein the composition does not contain a Lewis base. O3] A crosslinked composition formed by any one of the processes A] to N3] above. P3] An article comprising at least one component formed from the composition described in O3] above. Q3] The article described in P3] above, wherein the article is a film. R3] The article of P3] above, wherein the article is a solar cell module, a cable, a footwear component, an automotive part, a window profile, a weatherstrip, a tire, a tube, a belt, a hose, or a roofing membrane. S3] A composition comprising the following components: a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer containing at least one Si—H group; b) at least one peroxide; c) at least one crosslinking coagent, and d) A composition comprising additive components including fillers and plasticizers. T3] The composition described in S3] above, wherein the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is an ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer or an ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane terpolymer. U3] The composition according to T3] above, wherein the alpha-olefin of the olefin / silane interpolymer or terpolymer is a C3-C20 alpha-olefin, or a C3-C10 alpha-olefin, or a C3-C8 alpha-olefin, or one of propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, or 1-octene, or one of propylene, 1-butene, or 1-octene, or one of 1-butene or 1-octene, or 1-octene. V3] The composition of any one of S3] to U3] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a comprises, in polymerized form, 0.10 wt.% or more, or 0.20 wt.% or more, or 0.30 wt.% or more, or 0.40 wt.% or more, or 0.50 wt.% or more, or 0.60 wt.% or more, or 0.70 wt.% or more, or 0.80 wt.% or more, or 0.90 wt.% or more, or 1.0 wt.% or more, or 1.5 wt.% or more, or 2.0 wt.% or more of the silane, based on the weight of the interpolymer. W3] The composition of any one of S3] to V3] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a, in polymerized form, contains 40 wt.% or less, or 30 wt.% or less, or 20 wt.% or less, or 10 wt.% or less, or 8.0 wt.% or less, or 6.0 wt.% or less, or 4.0 wt.% or less of silane, based on the weight of the interpolymer. X3] The composition of any one of S3]-W3] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a, in polymerized form, contains 5.0 wt.% or less, or 4.5 wt.% or less, or 4.0 wt.% or less, or 3.8 wt.% or less, or 3.6 wt.% or less, or 3.4 wt.% or less, or 3.2 wt.% or less, or 3.0 wt.% or less of silane, based on the weight of the interpolymer. Y3] The composition described in any one of S3] to X3] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a molecular weight distribution (MWD=Mw / Mn) of 1.5 or more, or 1.6 or more, or 1.7 or more, or 1.8 or more, or 1.9 or more. Z3] The interpolymer of component a has a molecular weight distribution MWD of 5.0 or less, or 4.5 or less, or 4.0 or less, or 3.5 or less, or 3.0 or less, or 2.9 or less, or 2.8 or less, or 2.7 or less, or 2.6 or less, or 2.5 or less, or 2.4 or less, or 2.3 or less. Compositions described in any one of S3] to Y3] above. A4] The composition according to any one of S3] to Z3] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 10,000 g / mol or more, or 12,000 g / mol or more, or 14,000 g / mol or more, or 16,000 g / mol or more, or 18,000 g / mol or more, or 20,000 g / mol or more, or 22,000 g / mol or more, or 24,000 g / mol or more, or 26,000 g / mol or more, or 28,000 g / mol or more, or 30,000 g / mol or more, or 32,000 g / mol or more, or 40,000 g / mol or more. B4] The composition of any one of S3] to A4] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 100,000 g / mol or less, or 95,000 g / mol or less, or 90,000 g / mol or less, or 85,000 g / mol or less, or 80,000 g / mol or less, or 75,000 g / mol or less, or 70,000 g / mol or less, or 68,000 g / mol or less, or 66,000 g / mol or less, or 64,000 g / mol or less, or 62,000 g / mol or less, or 60,000 g / mol or less. C4] The composition according to any one of S3] to B4] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 20,000 g / mol or more, or 25,000 g / mol or more, or 30,000 g / mol or more, or 35,000 g / mol or more, or 40,000 g / mol or more, or 45,000 g / mol or more, or 50,000 g / mol or more, or 52,000 g / mol or more, or 54,000 g / mol or more, or 56,000 g / mol or more, or 58,000 g / mol or more, or 60,000 g / mol or more, or 62,000 g / mol or more, or 70,000 g / mol or more, or 80,000 g / mol or more, or 90,000 g / mol or more. D4] The composition of any one of S3] to C4] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 300,000 g / mol or less, or 250,000 g / mol or less, or 200,000 g / mol or less, or 190,000 g / mol or less, or 180,000 g / mol or less, or 170,000 g / mol or less, or 160,000 g / mol or less, or 150,000 g / mol or less, or 148,000 g / mol or less, or 146,000 g / mol or less, or 144,000 g / mol or less, or 142,000 g / mol or less, or 140,000 g / mol or less, or 138,000 g / mol or less, or 120,000 g / mol or less. E4] The interpolymer of component a has a viscosity of 0.855 g / cc or more, or 0.856 g / cc or more, or 0.857 g / cc or more, or 0.858 g / cc or more, or 0.859 g / cc or more, or 0.860 g / cc or more, or 0.861 g / cc or more, or 0.862 g / cc or more, or 0.863 g / cc or more, or 0.864 g / cc or more, or 0.865 g / cc or more, or 0.866 g / cc or more, or 0.867 g / cc (1 cc = 1 cm 3 The composition according to any one of the above S3] to D4], having a density of at least 100%. F4] The composition according to any one of S3] to E4] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a density of 0.950 g / cc or less, or 0.920 g / cc or less, or 0.900 g / cc or less, or 0.890 g / cc or less, or 0.888 g / cc or less, or 0.886 g / cc or less, or 0.884 g / cc or less, or 0.882 g / cc or less, or 0.880 g / cc or less, or 0.878 g / cc or less, or 0.876 g / cc or less, or 0.874 g / cc or less. G4] The composition described in any one of S3] to F4] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a melt index (I2) of 0.5 dg / min or more, or 1.0 dg / min or more, or 2.0 dg / min or more, or 5.0 dg / min or more, or 10 dg / min or more. H4] The composition according to any one of S3] to G4] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has a melt index (I2) of 1,000 dg / min or less, or 500 dg / min or less, or 250 dg / min or less, or 100 dg / min or less, or 50 dg / min or less, or 20 dg / min or less, or 15 dg / min or less, or 10 dg / min or less. I4] The composition according to any one of S3] to H4] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has an I10 / I2 ratio of 6.0 or more, or 7.0 or more, or 8.0 or more, or 9.0 or more, or 10 or more. J4] The composition according to any one of S3] to I4] above, wherein the interpolymer of component a has an I10 / I2 ratio of 30 or less, or 25 or less, or 20 or less, or 15 or less, or 12 or less. K4] The composition according to any one of S3] to J4] above, wherein the silane is derived from a silane monomer selected from formula 1 above. L4] The composition according to the above K4], wherein in formula 1, x is 0 to 10, or 0 to 8, or 0 to 6, or 0 to 4, or 0 to 2, or 0 or 1, or 0. M4] The interpolymer according to the above K4] or L4], wherein in formula 1, A is a C2 to C50 alkenyl group, or a C2 to C40 alkenyl group, or a C2 to C30 alkenyl group, or a C2 to C20 alkenyl group. N4] With respect to formula 1, A is one of the following structures i) to iv): i) R 1 R 2 C=CR 3 -; ii) R 1 R 2 C=CR 3 -(CR 4 R 5 ) n -; ii) The above

[0068] [ka] or iv) The above

[0069] [ka] The interpolymer according to any one of K4] to M4], wherein the interpolymer is selected from the following: O4] With respect to Formula 1, A is one of the following structures i) to iv): i) H2C=CH-; ii) the above H2C=CH-(CH2) n -; iii) The above

[0070] [ka] or iv) The above

[0071] [ka] The interpolymer according to any one of K4] to N4], wherein the interpolymer is selected from the following: P4] The composition according to any one of the above K4] to O4], wherein in formula 1, B is alkyl, or C1 to C5 alkyl, or C1 to C4 alkyl, or C1 to C3 alkyl, or C1 to C2 alkyl, or methyl. Q4] The composition according to any one of the above K4] to P4], wherein in formula 1, C is alkyl, or C1 to C5 alkyl, or C1 to C4 alkyl, or C1 to C3 alkyl, or C1 to C2 alkyl, or methyl. R4] The composition according to any one of the above K4] to Q4], wherein, in formula 1, E is alkyl, or C1 to C5 alkyl, or C1 to C4 alkyl, or C1 to C3 alkyl, or C1 to C2 alkyl, or methyl. S4] The composition according to any one of the above K4] to R4], wherein in formula 1, F is alkyl, or C1 to C5 alkyl, or C1 to C4 alkyl, or C1 to C3 alkyl, or C1 to C2 alkyl, or methyl. T4] A composition according to any one of the above K4] to S4], wherein formula 1 is selected from the above compounds s1) to s16). U4] A composition according to any one of K4] to T4] above, wherein formula 1 is selected from structures s1) to s8) above. V4] A composition according to any one of K4] to T4] above, wherein formula 1 is selected from structures s9) to s16) above. W4] The composition according to any one of S3] to V4] above, wherein the silane is derived from a silane monomer selected from the following compounds: (5-hexenyl-dimethylsilane (HDMS), 7-octenyldimethylsilane (ODMS), allyldimethylsilane, 3-butenyldimethyl-silane, 1-(but-3-en-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-disiloxane (BuMMH), 1-(hex-5-en-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (HexMMH), (2-bicyclo-[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)ethyl)dimethyl-silane (NorDMS), 1-(2-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl)ethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (NorMMH), and any combination thereof. X4] A composition according to any one of S3] to W4] above, wherein the composition has a weight ratio of component a to component b of 10 or more, or 15 or more, or 20 or more, or 22 or more. Y4] A composition according to any one of S3] to X4] above, wherein the composition has a weight ratio of component a to component b of 100 or less, or 90 or less, or 80 or less, or 70 or less, or 60 or less, or 50 or less, or 40 or less, or 30 or less, or 25 or less. Z4] A composition according to any one of S3] to Y4] above, comprising, based on the weight of the composition, 10% by weight or more, or 15% by weight or more, or 20% by weight or more, or 25% by weight or more, or 30% by weight or more, or 32% by weight or more of component d. A5] The composition described in Z4] above, wherein the composition comprises 50% by weight or less, or 45% by weight or less, or 40% by weight or less, or 35% by weight or less of component d, based on the weight of the composition. B5] The composition according to Z4] or A5] above, wherein component d has a weight ratio of filler to plasticizer of 0.5 or more, or 1.0 or more, or 1.5 or more, or 2.0 or more to 0.5 or less, or 1.0 or less, or 1.5 or less, or 2.0 or less. C5] A composition according to any one of S3] to B5] above, wherein the composition has a weight ratio of component a to component d of 1.0 or more, or 1.5 or more, or 2.0 or more, or 2.5 or more, or 3.0 or more. D5] A composition according to any one of S3] to C5] above, wherein the composition has a weight ratio of component a to component d of 5.0 or less, or 4.5 or less, or 4.0 or less, or 3.5 or less, or 3.0 or less, or 2.5 or less, or 2.0 or less. [E5] The composition according to any one of the above Z4] to D5], wherein the olefin / silane interpolymer of component a is an olefin / silane interpolymer formed in the presence of a bis-biphenyl-phenoxy metal complex. F5] The composition according to any one of the above Z4] to E5], wherein the filler is carbon black and the plasticizer is paraffin oil. G5] A composition according to any one of S3] to F5] above, comprising, based on the weight of the composition, 20.0% by weight or more, or 30.0% by weight or more, or 40.0% by weight or more, or 45.0% by weight or more, or 50.0% by weight or more, or 55.0% by weight or more, or 60.0% by weight or more, or 65.0% by weight or more, or 70.0% by weight or more, or 75.0% by weight or more, or 80.0% by weight or more, or 85.0% by weight or more, or 90.0% by weight or more of component a. H5] A composition described in any one of S3] to G5] above, wherein the composition comprises 90.0% by weight or less, or 85.0% by weight or less, or 80.0% by weight or less, or 75.0% by weight or less, or 70.0% by weight or less of component a, based on the weight of the composition. I5] A composition according to any one of S3] to H5] above, comprising, based on the weight of the composition, 0.50 wt. % or more, or 1.0 wt. % or more, or 1.5 wt. % or more, or 2.0 wt. % or more, or 2.5 wt. % or more, or 2.8 wt. % or more, or 3.0 wt. % or more of component b. J5] A composition according to any one of S3] to I5] above, wherein the composition comprises 5.0% by weight or less, or 4.5% by weight or less, or 4.0% by weight or less, or 3.5% by weight or less, or 3.0% by weight or less of component b, based on the weight of the composition. K5] A composition according to any one of S3] to J5] above, comprising, based on the weight of the composition, 0.10% by weight or more, or 0.20% by weight or more, or 0.30% by weight or more, or 0.40% by weight or more, or 0.50% by weight or more, or 0.60% by weight or more, or 0.65% by weight or more, or 0.7% by weight or more of component c. L5] A composition according to any one of S3] to K5] above, comprising, based on the weight of the composition, 5.00% by weight or less, or 3.00% by weight or less, or 2.50% by weight or less, or 2.00% by weight or less, or 1.50% by weight or less, or 1.00% by weight or less, or 0.90% by weight or less, or 0.80% by weight or less, or 0.75% by weight or less, or 0.70% by weight or less, or 0.65% by weight or less of component c. M5] The composition according to any one of S3] to L5] above, comprising, based on the weight of the composition, 20.0% by weight or more, or 30.0% by weight or more, or 40.0% by weight or more, or 45.0% by weight or more, or 50.0% by weight or more, or 55.0% by weight or more, or 60.0% by weight or more, or 65.0% by weight or more, or 70.0% by weight or more of the sum of components a and b. N5] A composition according to any one of S3] to M5] above, wherein the composition comprises 90.0% by weight or less, or 85.0% by weight or less, or 80.0% by weight or less, or 75.0% by weight or less, or 70.0% by weight or less of the sum of components a and b, based on the weight of the composition. O5] A composition described in any one of S3] to N5] above, wherein the composition comprises, based on the weight of the composition, 20.0% by weight or more, or 30.0% by weight or more, or 40.0% by weight or more, or 45.0% by weight or more, or 50.0% by weight or more, or 55.0% by weight or more, or 60.0% by weight or more, or 65.0% by weight or more, or 70.0% by weight or more of the total of components a, b, and c. P5] A composition described in any one of S3] to O5] above, wherein the composition comprises 90.0% by weight or less, or 85.0% by weight or less, or 80.0% by weight or less, or 75.0% by weight or less, or 70.0% by weight or less of the sum of components a, b, and c, based on the weight of the composition. Q5] The composition according to any one of S3] to P5] above, having an "MH-ML" value of 3.0 or more, or 3.5 or more, or 4.0 or more, or 4.5 or more, or 5.0 or more, or 5.5 or more, or 6.0 or more, or 6.5 or more, or 7.0 or more, or 7.5 or more, or 8.0 or more, or 8.5 or more, or 9.0 or more after heat treatment at a temperature of 180° C. for 30 minutes. * m. MH and ML values ​​are determined by the MDR as described herein. R5] The composition according to any one of S3] to Q5] above, wherein the composition has an "MH-ML" value of 50.0 or less, or 45.0 or less, or 40.0 or less, or 35.0 or less, or 30.0 or less, or 25.0 or less, or 20.0 or less, or 15.0 or less, or 10.0 or less, or 9.5 or less, or 9.0 or less, after heat treatment at a temperature of 180° C. for 30 minutes. * m. S5] The composition has a hardness of 0.60 dN after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes. * m / min or more, or 0.70dN * m / min or more, or 0.80dN * m / min or more, or 0.90dN * m / min or more, or 1.00dN * m / min or more, or 1.50dN * m / min or more, 1.80dN * m / min or more, 1.90dN * m / min or more, or 2.00dN * m / min or more, or 3.00dN * The composition according to any one of S3] to R5] above, having a [(MH-ML) / T90] value of at least m / min, wherein the MH, ML, and T90 values ​​are determined by the MDR as described herein. T5] The composition has a hardness of 20dN after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes. *m / min or less, or 15dN * m / min or less, or 10dN * m / min or less, or 5.0 dN * m / min or less, or 3.0 dN * m / min or less, or 2.0 dN * The composition according to any one of S3] to S5] above, having a [(MH-ML) / T90] value of not more than m / min. U5] A composition according to any one of S3] to T5] above, wherein the composition further comprises a thermoplastic polymer different from the interpolymer of component a in one or more characteristics, such as type and / or amount of monomer, density, melt index (I2), Mn, Mw, MWD, or any combination thereof, and further in one or more characteristics, such as type and / or amount of monomer, Mn, Mw, MWD, or any combination thereof. V5] The composition described in any one of S3] to U5] above, wherein the composition further comprises an ethylene / alpha-olefin interpolymer or an ethylene / alpha-olefin copolymer. W5] Ethylene / alpha-olefin interpolymers, further comprising the composition according to V5] above, wherein the alpha-olefin of the copolymer is a C3-C20 alpha-olefin, or a C3-C10 alpha-olefin, or a C3-C8 alpha-olefin, or one of propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, or 1-octene, or one of propylene, 1-butene, or 1-octene, or one of 1-butene or 1-octene, or 1-octene. X5] The olefin / silane interpolymer of component a has a melting temperature (T m The composition according to any one of the above S3] to W5], Y5] The olefin / silane interpolymer of component a has a melting temperature (T mThe composition according to any one of the above S3] to X5], Z5] The composition according to any one of S3] to Y5] above, wherein the composition comprises, based on the weight of the composition, 70.0% by weight or more, or 75.0% by weight or more, or 80.0% by weight or more, or 85.0% by weight or more, or 90.0% by weight or more, or 95.0% by weight or more, or 97.0% by weight or more, or 99.0% by weight or more, or 99.5% by weight or more, or 99.9% by weight or more of the sum of components a, b, c, and d. A6] The composition according to any one of S3] to Z5] above, wherein the composition comprises, based on the weight of the composition, 100 ppm or less, or 50 ppm or less, or 20 ppm or less, or 10 ppm or less, or 5.0 ppm or less of a Lewis acid (e.g., a sulfonic acid). B6] The composition according to any one of S3] to A6] above, wherein the composition does not contain a Lewis acid. C6] The composition according to any one of S3] to B6] above, wherein the composition comprises, based on the weight of the composition, 100 ppm or less, or 50 ppm or less, or 20 ppm or less, or 10 ppm or less, or 5.0 ppm or less of Lewis base. D6] The composition according to any one of S3] to C6] above, wherein the composition does not contain a Lewis base. E6] A crosslinked composition formed from the composition described in any one of S3] to D6] above. F6] An article comprising at least one component formed from a composition described in any one of S3] to E6] above. G6] The article according to F6] above, wherein the article is a film. H6] The article of F6] above, wherein the article is a solar cell module, a cable, a footwear component, an automotive part, a window profile, a weatherstrip, a tire, a tube, a belt, a hose, or a roofing membrane. I6] The process of any one of A]-N3] above, wherein the composition has a compression set after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes of 1% or more, or 2% or more, or 3% or more, or 4% or more, or 5% or more, or 5.5% or more, or 6.0% or more, or 6.5% or more, or 7.0% or more, or 7.5% or more, or 8.0% or more, or 8.5% or more, or 9.0% or more, or 10.0% or more. J6] The process of any one of A]-N3] or I6] above, wherein the composition has a compression set of 50% or less, or 40% or less, or 30% or less, or 20% or less, or 15% or less, or 10% or less, or 9% or less, or 8.5% or less after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes. K6] The process of any one of A] to N3], I6], or J6] above, wherein the composition has a 100% modulus of 1 MPa or more, or 2 MPa or more, or 3 MPa or more, or 3.75 MPa or more, or 4 MPa or more, or 4.5 MPa or more, or 4.7 MPa or more, or 4.8 MPa or more, or 5.0 MPa or more after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes. L6] The process of any one of A] to N3] or I6] to K6] above, wherein the composition has a 100% modulus of 20 MPa or less, or 15 MPa or less, or 10 MPa or less, or 8 MPa or less, or 6 MPa or less, or 5 MPa or less, or 4.5 MPa or less after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes. M6] The composition according to any one of S3] to D6] above, having a Shore A hardness of 50 or more, or 55 or more, or 60 or more, or 65 or more, or 70 or more, or 75 or more, or 78 or more, or 80 or more after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes. N6] The composition according to any one of S3] to D6] or M6] above, wherein the composition has a Shore A hardness of 200 or less, or 150 or less, or 100 or less, or 90 or less, or 80 or less after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes. O6] The composition described in any one of S3] to D6], M6], or N6] above, having a tensile strength of 1 MPa or more, or 5 MPa or more, or 10 MPa or more, or 15 MPa or more, or 18 MPa or more, or 18.5 MPa or more, or 20 MPa or more after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes. P6] The composition according to any one of S3] to D6] or M6] to O6] above, wherein the composition has a tensile strength of 100 MPa or less, or 75 MPa or less, or 50 MPa or less, or 25 MPa or less, or 20 MPa or less, or 18.5 MPa or less after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes. Q6] A composition described in any one of S3] to D6] or M6] to P6] above, which has a tear strength of 10 N / mm or more, or 20 N / mm or more, or 30 N / mm or more, or 40 N / mm or more, or 50 N / mm or more, or 58 N / mm or more, or 60 N / mm or more after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes. R6] The composition according to any one of S3] to D6] or M6] to Q6] above, having a tear strength of 200 N / mm or less, or 150 N / mm or less, or 100 N / mm or less, or 90 N / mm or less, or 80 N / mm or less, or 70 N / mm or less, or 60 N / mm or less after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes. S6] The composition according to any one of S3] to D6] or M6] to R6] above, having an elongation of 100% or more, or 200% or more, or 300% or more, or 400% or more, or 500% or more, or 585% or more, or 600% or more, or 610% or more after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes. T6] A composition according to any one of S3] to D6] or M6] to S6] above, wherein the composition has an elongation of 1000% or less, or 900% or less, or 800% or less, or 700% or less, or 610% or less, or 600% or less after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes. U6] A composition according to any one of S3] to D6] or M6] to T6] above, wherein the composition has a 100% modulus of 1 MPa or more, or 2 MPa or more, or 3 MPa or more, or 4 MPa or more, or 4.6 MPa or more, or 5 MPa or more after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes, followed by heat aging at 125°C for 70 hours. V6] A composition according to any one of S3] to D6] or M6] to U6] above, wherein the composition has a 100% modulus of 20 MPa or less, or 15 MPa or less, or 10 MPa or less, or 8 MPa or less, or 6 MPa or less, or 5 MPa or less after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes, followed by heat aging at 125°C for 70 hours. W6] A composition according to any one of S3] to D6] or M6] to V6] above, wherein the composition has a tensile strength of 1 MPa or more, or 5 MPa or more, or 10 MPa or more, or 15 MPa or more, or 19 MPa or more, or 20 MPa or more after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes, followed by heat aging at 125°C for 70 hours. X6] A composition according to any one of S3] to D6] or M6] to W6] above, wherein the composition has a tensile strength of 100 MPa or less, or 90 MPa or less, or 80 MPa or less, or 70 MPa or less, or 60 MPa or less, or 50 MPa or less, or 40 MPa or less, or 30 MPa or less, or 20 MPa or less after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes, followed by heat aging at 125°C for 70 hours. Y6] A composition according to any one of S3] to D6] or M6] to X6] above, wherein the composition has an elongation of 100% or more, or 200% or more, or 300% or more, or 400% or more, or 500% or more, or 550% or more, or 600% or more, or 650% or more after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes, followed by heat aging at 125°C for 70 hours. Z6] A composition according to any one of S3] to D6] or M6] to Y6] above, wherein the composition has an elongation of 1000% or less, or 900% or less, or 800% or less, or 700% or less, or 600% or less, or 650% or less after heat treatment at a temperature of 180°C for 30 minutes, followed by heat aging at 125°C for 70 hours. A7] A crosslinked composition formed by a process described in any one of I6]-Z6] or by a composition described in any one of M6]-P6]. B7] An article comprising at least one component formed from the composition of A7]. C7] The article according to B7] above, wherein the article is a film. D7] The article of B7] above, wherein the article is a solar cell module, a cable, a footwear component, an automotive part, a window profile, a weatherstrip, a tire, a tube, a belt, a hose, or a roofing membrane.

[0072] Test Method Gel Permeation Chromatography The chromatography system consisted of a PolymerChar GPC-IR (Valencia, Spain) high temperature GPC chromatograph equipped with an internal IR5 infrared detector (IR5). The autosampler oven compartment was set at 160 degrees Celsius and the column compartment was set at 150 degrees Celsius. The columns were four AGILENT "Mixed A" 30 cm, 20 micron linear mixed bed columns. The chromatography solvent was 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene containing 200 ppm butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The solvent source was nitrogen sparged. The injection volume used was 200 microliters and the flow rate was 1.0 milliliters / min.

[0073] Calibration of the GPC column set was performed with 21 narrow molecular weight distribution polystyrene standards with molecular weights ranging from 580 to 8,400,000 prepared in six "cocktail" mixtures with at least 10-fold intervals between individual molecular weights. Standards were purchased from Agilent Technologies. Polystyrene standards were prepared in 0.025 grams in 50 milliliters of solvent for molecular weights of 1,000,000 and above, and 0.05 grams in 50 milliliters for molecular weights below 1,000,000. The polystyrene standards were dissolved at 80 degrees Celsius with gentle agitation for 30 minutes. The peak molecular weights of the polystyrene standards were converted to polyethylene molecular weights using Equation 1 (as described in Williams and Ward, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Let., 6, 621 (1968)): M ポリエチレン =A×(M ポリスチレン ) B (Equation 1) where M is the molecular weight, A has a value of 0.4315, and B is equal to 1.0.

[0074] A fifth order polynomial was used to fit each polyethylene equivalent calibration point. A small adjustment (approximately 0.375 to 0.445) was made to A to correct for column resolution and band broadening effects such that a linear homopolymer polyethylene standard was obtained at 120,000 Mw. Total plate counts were performed on the GPC column set using decane (prepared in TCB "0.04 g in 50 milliliters" and dissolved for 20 minutes with gentle agitation). Plate counts (Equation 2) and symmetry (Equation 3) were measured according to the following equations with a 200 microliter injection:

[0075]

number

[0076]

number

[0077] Samples were prepared in a semi-automated fashion using the PolymerChar "Instrument Control" software, samples were weight-targeted at 2 mg / ml, and solvent (containing 200 ppm BHT) was added via the PolymerChar high temperature autosampler to a septa-capped vial that had been pre-sparged with nitrogen. Samples were dissolved at 160 degrees Celsius under "slow" shaking for 2 hours.

[0078] Mn (GPC) , Mw (GPC) , and Mz (GPC) The calculation of was based on GPC results using the internal IR5 detector (measurement channel) of the PolymerChar GPC-IR chromatograph according to Equations 4-6 using PolymerChar GPCOne™ software, baseline-subtracted IR chromatograms at each equally spaced data collection point (i), and polyethylene equivalent molecular weights obtained from a narrow standard calibration curve for point (i) of Equation 1. Equations 4-6 are as follows:

[0079]

number

[0080] To monitor deviations over time, a flow rate marker (decane) was introduced into each sample via a micropump controlled by the PolymerChar GPC-IR system. This flow rate marker (FM) was used to linearly correct the pump flow rate (flow rate (apparent)) for each sample by aligning the RV of the respective decane peak in the sample (RV(FM sample)) with the RV of the decane peak within a narrow standard calibration (RV(FM calibrated)). Any change in time of the decane marker peak was then assumed to be related to a linear shift in flow rate (flow rate (effective)) across the run. To facilitate the highest accuracy of RV measurements of the flow rate marker peaks, the peaks of the flow rate marker concentration chromatograms were fitted to a quadratic equation using a least-squares fitting routine. The first derivative of the quadratic equation was then used to solve for the true peak position. After calibrating the system based on the flow rate marker peaks, the effective flow rate (for the narrow standard calibration) was calculated as Equation 7: Flow Rate (effective) = Flow Rate (apparent) x (RV (FM calibrated) / RV (FM sample)) (Equation 7). Processing of the flow rate marker peaks was performed via PolymerChar GPCOne™ software. An acceptable flow rate correction is one that brings the effective flow rate within ±0.7% of the apparent flow rate.

[0081] Melt Index The melt index (I2) of ethylene-based polymers is measured according to ASTM D-1238, condition 190°C / 2.16 kg (melt index (I10) is 190°C / 10.0 kg). I10 / I2 was calculated from the ratio of I10 to I2. The melt flow rate MFR of propylene-based polymers is measured according to ASTM D-1238, condition 230°C / 2.16 kg.

[0082] density ASTM D4703 was used to prepare polymer plaques for density analysis. ASTM D792, Method B was used to measure the density of each polymer.

[0083] NMR (13C and 1H) characterization of the terpolymer 13 For C NMR experiments, samples were dissolved in tetrachloroethane-d2 (with or without 0.025 M Cr(acac)3) in 10 mm NMR tubes. The concentration was approximately 300 mg / 2.8 mL. Each tube was then heated in a heating block set at 110 °C. The sample tubes were repeatedly vortexed and heated to obtain a homogenous flowing fluid. 13 C NMR spectra were obtained on a BRUKER AVANCE 600 MHz spectrometer equipped with a 10 mm C / H DUAL cryoprobe. The following acquisition parameters were used: 60 s relaxation delay, 12.0 μs 90 degree pulse, 256 scans. The spectral center was 100 ppm and the spectral width was 250 ppm. All measurements were performed at 110 °C without spinning the sample. 13 C NMR spectra were referenced to 74.5 ppm for the solvent resonance peak. For samples containing Cr, data was acquired with a relaxation time of 7 seconds and 1024 scans. The "Octene (or other alpha-olefin) mole %" was calculated based on the CH / CH carbons associated with octene (or other alpha-olefin) relative to the integral of CH associated with ethylene units.

[0084] 1 For H NMR experiments, each sample was dissolved in tetrachloroethane-d2 (with or without 0.001 M Cr(acac)3) in an 8 mm NMR tube. The concentration was approximately 100 mg / 1.8 mL. Each tube was then heated in a heating block set at 110 °C. The sample tubes were repeatedly vortexed and heated to obtain a homogenous flowing fluid. 1 H NMR spectra were obtained on a BRUKER AVANCE 600 MHz spectrometer equipped with a 10 mm C / H DUAL cryoprobe. Standard single pulse 1H NMR experiments were performed using the following acquisition parameters: 70 s relaxation time, 17.2 μs 90 degree pulse, 32 scans. The spectrum center was 1.3 ppm and the spectrum width was 20 ppm. All measurements were performed at 110 °C without sample spinning. 1 H NMR spectra were referenced to the solvent (residual protonated tetrachloroethane) resonance peak at 5.99 ppm. For samples containing Cr, data were acquired with a relaxation time of 16 seconds and 128 scans. The mole % silane (silane monomer) was calculated based on the integral of the SiMe proton resonance relative to the integral of the CH2 protons associated with the ethylene units and the CH3 protons associated with the octene units.

[0085] Moving Die Rheometer (MDR) The evaluation of peroxide reaction on olefin / silane interpolymers was evaluated by moving die rheometer test (MDR) as follows: The crosslinking properties of the samples were measured using an Alpha Technologies moving die rheometer (MDR) 2000 E at an oscillation amplitude of 0.5 degrees of arc according to ASTM D5289. The MDR was performed at 180°C for 30 minutes. "Torque vs. time" profiles were generated at given intervals. The minimum torque (ML) maximum torque (MH) applied by the MDR during the test interval is reported in dNm. The difference between MH and ML indicates the degree of crosslinking, the greater the difference the greater the degree of crosslinking. The time taken for the torque to reach 90% of MH (t90) is reported in minutes. The time required for the increase in X (tsX) points from the minimum torque is recorded in minutes. The ts1 value indicates the time required to initiate the crosslinking process. A shorter time indicates that crosslinking is initiated faster.

[0086] Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to measure the T m , Tc , T g , and crystallinity. Each sample (0.5 g) was compression molded into a film at 5000 psi for 2 min at 190 °C. Approximately 5-8 mg of film sample was weighed and placed in a DSC pan. A lid was crimped onto the pan to ensure a closed atmosphere. The sample pan was placed in the DSC cell and then heated at a rate of approximately 10 °C / min to a temperature of 180 °C for PE (230 °C for PP). The sample was held at this temperature for 3 min. The sample was then cooled at a rate of 10 °C / min to -60 °C for PE (-90 °C for PP) and held isothermally at that temperature for 3 min. The sample was then heated at a rate of 10 °C / min until completely melted (second heat). The melting point (T m ) and glass transition temperature (T g ) was determined from the second heating curve, and the crystallization temperature (T c ) was determined from the first cooling curve. T m and T c The peak temperatures of each of the three samples were recorded. The percent crystallinity was calculated using the heat of fusion (H) determined from the second heating curve. f ) by the theoretical heat of fusion of 292 J / g for PE (165 J / g for PP) and multiplying this amount by 100 (e.g., crystallinity % = (Hf / 292 J / g) x 100 for PE). m A peak is typically observed, where the T of the polymer m The highest temperature peak is recorded as the

[0087] Tensile / Tear Measurement Tensile properties were measured according to ASTM D412 using a Zwick Roell Z010 device. Dumbbells (type 5A) were cut from the cured plates (t95+3 min, 180°C). Tear strength was measured according to ASTM D624 type-T on a Zwick Roell Z010 device. Specimens were cut from the cured plates (t95+3 min, 180°C).

[0088] Compression set measurement Compression set was measured at 100°C for 22 hours as described in ASTM D395 (25% deflection method B). Specimens were cured at 180°C for t90+10 minutes under standard pressure. An additional set of samples was measured according to PV3307 from the quality requirements of VW TL 52704-B. Samples were compressed at 100°C for 22 hours at 50% deflection. Samples were allowed to cool for an additional 2 hours at room temperature before opening the compression set setup.

[0089] Shore A hardness Shore A type hardness was measured according to ASTM D2240 using 3-ply cured plates (t95+3 min, 180° C.).

[0090] Hot air aging The cured plates were aged in hot air according to ASTM D573 at 125° C. for 72 or 168 hours (EPDM design study) and 94 hours (blend ratio study), respectively.

[0091] experiment material SiH-POE D: ethylene / octene / silane terpolymer, density = 0.873 g / cc, I2 = 0.8 g / 10 min, I10 / I2 = 9.10, 1.5 wt% HDMS, Mn = 49,056 g / mol, Mw = 108,548 g / mol, MWD = 2.21; SiH-POE E: ethylene / octene / silane terpolymer, density = 0.870 g / cc, I2 = 0.8 g / 10 min, I10 / I2 = 10.45, 3.4 wt% HDMS, Mn = 45,257 g / mol, Mw = 99,898 g / mol, MWD = 2.21; ENGAGE™ 8100: Ethylene / octene copolymer available from The Dow Chemical Company, density = 0.87 g / cc, I2 = 1 g / 10 min, 0 wt% SiH content; NORDEL™ 4785 HM: Ethylene propylene diene (EPDM) terpolymer available from The Dow Chemical Company, density = 0.87 g / cc, Mooney viscosity (ML1+4, 125C) = 70, ENB% = 4.9 wt%, 0 wt% SiH content; POE D: ethylene / octene copolymer, density = 0.871 g / cc, I2 = 1.2 g / 10 min, 0 wt% SiH content; Luperox 101-45: Peroxide available from Arkema; TAIC: crosslinking coagent; N550: Carbon black available from Cabot; SUNPAR2280: Plasticizer / paraffin oil available from RE Carroll, Inc.

[0092] Polymer Synthesis and Properties The interpolymers, SiH-POE D, SiH-POE E, and POE D, were each prepared in a hydraulically filled, 1-gallon polymerization reactor operated at steady-state conditions. The solvent was ISOPAR-E, supplied by ExxonMobil Chemical Company. 5-Hexenyldimethylsilane (HDMS), supplied by Gelest, was used as the termonomer and was purified with AZ-300 alumina, supplied by UOP Honeywell, prior to use. HDMS was fed to the reactor as a 22 wt.% solution in ISOPAR-E. The reactor temperature was measured at or near the reactor outlet. The interpolymers were isolated and pelletized. The polymerization conditions are listed in Tables 1B-1D, and the catalysts and cocatalysts are listed in Table 1A. The polymer properties of each ethylene / octene / silane terpolymer (SiH-POE) and ethylene / octene copolymer (POE) are shown in Tables 2A and 2B.

[0093] [Table 1]

[0094] [Table 2]

[0095] [Table 3] * "ppm" amounts based on the weight of the respective catalyst feed solution.

[0096] [Table 4] * "ppm" amount based on weight of cocatalyst feed solution. ** The "ppm" amount of Al based on the weight of the cocatalyst feed solution.

[0097] [Table 5] * Silane mole % determined by 1H NMR based on total moles of monomer in polymer ** Calculated from mole %, weight % of silane based on weight of interpolymer. HDMS = 5-hexenyldimethylsilane.

[0098] [Table 6]

[0099] Mixing Procedure The polymer compositions (parts by weight per 100 parts resin / rubber-phr) and cure properties are listed in Table 3. The mechanical properties of these compositions are listed in Table 4. For each composition in Table 3, the compounds were mixed in a Banbury™ BR 1600 internal rubber mixer equipped with a pair of tangential two-blade rotors using standard "end-over-end" mixing procedures, with the EPDM added at the end. The "1.6 liter mixing chamber" was filled to a 75% fill level. The rotor speed was kept constant at 45 rpm during the mixing cycle. The mixer body temperature was 60° C. and the compounds were mixed for 240 seconds, with the melt temperature controlled below 110° C. After mixing was complete, the compounds were collected and then pressed into sheets at 90° C.

[0100] The cure characteristics of the compositions were measured by the MDR method described above. The physical properties of the compositions were measured from vulcanized sheets cured in a compression molder (for tensile, compression set testing, and temperature shrinkage). Samples from the uncured blankets were cut in a compression molder, heated, and cured to produce test specimens according to ASTM D3182 using a PHI (100 ton press). The desired mold (6 inch by 6 inch, or compression button) was placed on the platen. Samples (uncured blanket) were cut slightly smaller than the dimensions of the individual mold cavities. The mill orientation was marked and the sample was labeled. The mold was spray brushed with a dilute solution of silicone. The sample was placed in the preheated mold, taking care to properly position the mill orientation. The platen was closed. The "normal" operating pressure was 100 tons, or 200,000 pounds as indicated on the gauge. At the end of the cure time the samples were removed and immediately placed in water to stop the cure. The samples were conditioned at room temperature for 24 hours before testing. For vulcanization, the samples were placed under a minimum compression pressure of 3.5 MPa (500 psi) at 180° C. using the t95 data and adding 3 minutes for plaques and 15 minutes for compression set buttons using the t95 data.

[0101] [Table 7]

[0102] [Table 8]

[0103] Inventive Examples 1 and 2 (IE-1 and IE-2) represent the inventive compositions of this application. Comparative Examples 1 to 3 (CE-1 to CE-3) represent conventional compositions, with CE-1 and CE-1 being conventional POE (ethylene / 1-octene copolymer) compositions and CE-3 being a conventional EPDM composition.

[0104] Surprisingly, the crosslinked compositions of the present invention exhibited relatively high cure levels and fast cure, along with improved or good mechanical properties, such as high temperature compression set resistance and excellent low temperature flexibility, compared to conventional crosslinked compositions. In CE-1 and CE-2, the conventional crosslinked POE compositions exhibited good mechanical properties, but poor crosslinking properties. In CE-3, the conventional crosslinked EPDM compositions exhibited good curing properties, but poor mechanical properties. Thus, the present application is inventive over the state of the art in providing compositions that allow for relatively high cure levels and fast cure, while also providing good mechanical properties.

Claims

1. 1. A process for forming a crosslinked composition comprising the following components: a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer containing at least one Si—H group; b) at least one peroxide; c) at least one crosslinking coagent, and d) heat treating a composition comprising additive components including fillers and plasticizers.

2. The process of claim 1, wherein the interpolymer of component a is an ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer.

3. 10. The process of claim 1, wherein said interpolymer of component a comprises, in polymerized form, from greater than or equal to 0.10 weight percent to less than or equal to 40 weight percent of said silane, based on the weight of said interpolymer.

4. 10. The process of claim 1, wherein the composition has a weight ratio of component a to component d of from 1.0 to 3.

0.

5. 10. The process of claim 1, wherein the filler is carbon black and the plasticizer is paraffin oil.

6. A crosslinked composition formed by the process of any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. A composition comprising the following components: a) at least one olefin / silane interpolymer containing at least one Si—H group; b) at least one peroxide; c) at least one crosslinking coagent; d) an additive component comprising a filler and a plasticizer.

8. The olefin / silane interolimer of component a is The composition of claim 7 which is an ethylene / alpha-olefin / silane interpolymer.

9. The silane is Formula 1: A-(SiBC-O) ｘ -Si-EFH (Formula 1), (Wherein A is an alkenyl group, B is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen, C is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen, B and C may be the same or different, H is hydrogen and x≧0; E is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen, F is a hydrocarbyl group or hydrogen, E and F may be the same or different.

10. Formula 1 is the following compounds s1) to s16) below: 【Chemistry 1】 The composition of claim 9 selected from:

11. 8. The composition of claim 7, wherein said interpolymer of component a comprises, in polymerized form, from greater than or equal to 0.10 weight percent to less than or equal to 40 weight percent of said silane, based on the weight of said interpolymer.

12. 8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the composition has a weight ratio of component a to component d of greater than or equal to 1.0 and less than or equal to 3.

0.

13. 8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the filler is carbon black and the plasticizer is paraffin oil.

14. The composition comprises: The composition of claim 7 further comprising an ethylene / alpha-olefin / interpolymer.

15. An article comprising at least one component formed from the composition of any one of claims 7 to 14.

Images