Time piece, instrument, mechanical movement, metal shaft for mechanical movement or instrument and manufacturing method thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- JP2024205901
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2016-02-19
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-12
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
[Technical field]
[0001] The present invention relates to a clock mechanism, a clock and a measuring device having no magnetic properties, and a method for manufacturing the same. The present invention relates to a method and a shaft for manufacturing a shaft. [Background technology]
[0002] There are certain situations where magnetism is undesirable or even dangerous, for example explosives. In the field of detonation, even a weak magnetic field is sufficient to trigger a bomb or mine. Therefore, the NATO standard STANA for the testing of non-magnetic tools used in the field of explosives clearance has been established. G 2897 requires that the total magnetic strength be less than 5nT (nanotesla).
[0003] Electric or mechanical watches using metal parts according to the prior art necessarily have magnetic properties. The current in a digital or quartz watch generates a relatively high magnetic field in these conditions. This creates a strong magnetic field. On the other hand, even in purely mechanical watches, The metals in which they are used will always exhibit residual magnetism, which in itself will create excessively strong magnetic properties. Such residual magnetism is caused by the magnetic fields we are exposed to in our daily lives, which magnetize metal parts. As a result, the metal parts will exhibit residual magnetism even in the absence of a magnetic field. The watch cannot be worn in situations where it is exposed to interference.
[0004] However, the watch industry is facing the problem of reducing the effect of magnetic fields on the operation of mechanical watches. The impact of clocks on the environment is a little-known issue, as most research has focused solely on the To date, there are no known watches that meet the STANAG 2897 standard.
[0005] To solve the problem of reducing the influence of magnetic fields on the operation of mechanical watches, The use of non-magnetic materials with a relative permeability of less than 1.01 for some moving parts is a patent However, not all parts of a clock mechanism are non-magnetic. The solutions disclosed there ensure good functionality of the watch in magnetic fields. However, the remaining moving parts of the watch have a magnetic permeability of more than 1.01 and / or non-magnetic It is inevitable that moving parts will exhibit residual magnetism after leaving the magnetic field. No solution is disclosed regarding the use of non-magnetic materials.
[0006] Patent Document 2 describes a non-magnetic magnet made of plastic injection molding, bronze, or beryllium copper. These proposed non-magnetic materials do not have sufficient precision. It's too soft to achieve the desired quality.
[0007] In addition to overlooking the issue of non-magnetic watches, watchmakers are also Known non-magnetic metals are subject to machinability, wear, hardness and interaction with other components in the watch mechanism. In order to meet various requirements such as magnetic properties, metal watch mechanisms are replaced with non-magnetic metals. This is especially true for the drive shafts. This is true for a wide variety of small parts, such as rolled springs, for example. For example, the beryllium copper proposed in Patent Document 2 is The softness of the leather is too soft to meet many of the Swiss watch industry standards (NIHS). For example, the shock regulated by the NIHS 91-10 standard (revised 2016 edition) The teeth of the pinion of the drive shaft bend. Also, the forces acting on the mechanism of the clockwork are The pinion tenons and teeth were too large for the drive shaft, which was constructed of beryllium copper. The engagement area will wear out in a short time and will no longer meet the precision required by the NIHS standard. Such wear and tear will cause such watches to lose their date regardless of whether the watch is exposed to a magnetic field. NIHS 90-10 standard (2003) for non-magnetic watches requiring an accuracy of 30 seconds As a result, the requirements of STANAG 2 (revised version) will be violated very quickly. Meets NIHS 91-10 impact resistance standards while also meeting 897 standards, and / or 6 is required by some standards such as NIHS 90-10 for non-magnetic watches. No wristwatch is known to indicate accuracy after months of use.
[0008] Similar problems occur in other instruments such as depth gauges, pressure gauges, speed gauges, or altimeters. This occurs even if the person is not present. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]
[0009] [Patent Document 1] German Patent No. 1932257 [Patent Document 2] U.S. Patent No. 3,620,005 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]
[0010] The objective is therefore to develop clock mechanisms, clocks, instruments and systems that have a minimal impact on the environment. The key is to find the shaft. [Means for solving the problem]
[0011] The purpose of this application is to provide a watch or measuring instrument, all of whose individual parts have a relative permeability of less than 1.01. This is achieved by the device.
[0012] The object is to provide a clock mechanism whose individual parts all have a relative permeability of less than 1.01. This is achieved.
[0013] The object is to provide a magnetic field generator, in particular a pinion, for clockworks or measuring instruments, having a relative permeability of less than 1.01. This is achieved by the shaft being a ball shaft.
[0014] By using only individual components with a relative magnetic permeability of less than 1.01, the clock mechanism Neither the parts of the watch nor the measuring instrument can be magnetized in a magnetic field. Such clock mechanisms do not exhibit residual magnetism, even after being subjected to strong magnetic fields. The influence of clock mechanisms in the environment is reduced.
[0015] Further advantageous embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.
[0016] In one exemplary embodiment, the mechanical clock mechanism, watch, or instrument is constructed of beryllium copper. The beryllium copper is hardened by a coating, preferably a nickel layer, which increases the hardness of the beryllium copper. At least one part made of this metal. is preferably a shaft for rotating mounting other components. Such as a watch pinion shaft, which is non-magnetic and in the case of a watch mechanism is complex The material is soft enough for cutting or milling into the shaft shape. Preferably, the shaft is then hardened with a non-magnetic coating, so that first, the magnetic properties of the shaft are improved. secondly, to meet the wear, friction and precision requirements of the watch mechanism; The required hardness is achieved. It is not known in watchmaking, especially for pinion shafts. This material is characterized by its non-magnetic nature, its good workability, and its hardness. The shaft and other parts made up of the above shall not be used in any clock mechanism or measuring instrument other than those mentioned above. It can also be used in structures or measuring instruments.
[0017] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one part of a timepiece, a clock, or a measuring instrument The product is composed of an alloy mainly composed of cobalt, chromium, iron, and nickel. This material is not used in watchmaking due to its poor magnetic properties, and is At least one part made of this alloy is characterized by excellent material properties for use in products. The articles are preferably springs, escape wheels, pallets, bristles, and in particular tourbillons of watch mechanisms. A bridge that is a tourbillon cage bridge and / or a tourbillon (or part thereof) In particular, the tourbillon cage of the tourbillon is effectively The springs, escape wheels and ankhs of clock mechanisms are made of this alloy. The crown, bridges, studs and / or tourbillon or other parts are The present invention may also be used in clock mechanisms or measuring instruments other than those mentioned above.
[0018] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one part of a timepiece, a clock, or a measuring instrument The product is made of non-magnetic stainless steel. The non-magnetic stainless steel preferably contains more than 10% , preferably more than 15% chromium. At least one of the parts is, for example, a clock mechanism. This material has the advantage of being rust-resistant and able to withstand large forces. Non-magnetic stainless steel is not commonly used in watchmaking due to its poor workability. do not have.
[0019] In one exemplary embodiment, the clock mechanism or instrument has a housing constructed of titanium. Yes.
[0020] In one exemplary embodiment, the clockwork is made of a copper alloy, in particular 7.5% nickel. At least one gear and / or barrel made of a copper alloy containing 5% tin. do.
[0021] In one exemplary embodiment, the clock mechanism comprises a main plate and at least one The bridge is
[0022] The invention will now be described in more detail with the aid of the following drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]
[0023] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows a cross section of an exemplary embodiment of a timepiece mechanism. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of a first detail of FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 shows a second enlarged detail of FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 shows a three-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a drive shaft. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 illustrates a cross section of an exemplary embodiment of a drive shaft. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 shows a three-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of the tent. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 shows a cross section of an exemplary embodiment of a temporar. [Figure 8]FIG. 8 shows a three-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of a pinion shaft. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 illustrates a cross section of an exemplary embodiment of a pinion shaft. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 shows a three-dimensional view of an exemplary embodiment of the pallet true. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 shows a cross section of an exemplary embodiment of the pallet stem. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0024] In the following, a term refers to a material that has a relative permeability of less than 1.01 or whose individual components have a relative permeability of less than 1.01. How is it possible to manufacture watches, watch mechanisms, and shafts for watch mechanisms that have a relative magnetic permeability? Here, we explain how each individual part has a relative permeability of less than 1.0100. The relative permeability is preferably between 0.99 and 1.01. The timepiece is preferably a wristwatch or a pocket watch. However, this clock mechanism may be installed in other clocks. When referring to a relative permeability of less than 1.01, preferably less than 1.0100, "A" means a material or part having
[0025] A clock mechanism includes a movement and optional additional mechanisms. Figure 1 shows such a clock mechanism. 2 and 3 show an enlarged detail of FIG. 1 in cross section through an exemplary embodiment of a clock mechanism. It shows.
[0026] The movement includes a drive mechanism 1, a gear train 2, an escapement mechanism 3, and an oscillation mechanism 4.
[0027] The drive mechanism 1 stores energy for the operation of the clock mechanism and therefore To this end, the drive mechanism 1 is connected to the gear train 2. The energy storage device is preferably a spiral winding device. Preferably, the drive spring 11 is in the form of a magnetic spring. The drive spring 11 is preferably non-magnetic. The spiral drive spring 11 is made of Nivaflex® material. A drive shaft (barrel stem) 12 and a barrel 13 rotatably attached to the drive shaft 12. The winding mechanism rotates the drive shaft 12. The winding mechanism can be preferably The automatic winding mechanism has a winding stem and / or an automatic winding train and an oscillating weight. 1 and 3 show a gear 14 of the winding mechanism which rotates the drive shaft 12. It shows.
[0028] The gear train 2 includes a combination of a shaft, a pinion, and a gear. This allows the ring gear of the drive mechanism 1, particularly the peripheral side of the barrel 13, to be connected to the escapement mechanism 3 at a specific transmission ratio. Each of the shafts having at least one pinion is connected to a pinion shaft. Preferably, at least one pinion and The shaft and the bearing are machined, preferably milled, from a single block of material. The gear is connected to the pinion shaft or shaft so as to rotate in unison with the input pinion of the gear train 2. The on-shaft 21 is connected to the drive mechanism 1 by its pinion 22, while the gear train 2 The gear 27 of the output shaft 26 is engaged with the escapement mechanism 3. The gear train 2 may be, for example, three Shafts 21, 24, and 26 and three teeth fixed to the shafts 21, 24, and 26 However, more or fewer shafts and wheels may be used. More complex or simpler gear trains, including gears, are also possible.
[0029] The escapement mechanism 3 is disposed between the gear train 2 and the oscillation mechanism 4. As a result, the gear train 2 Each time the vibration mechanism 4 performs a predetermined vibration, the rotation proceeds by a predetermined rotation angle. The escapement mechanism 3 preferably has an escape wheel 31 and an escapement part 32, which is, for example, a pallet. The escape wheel 31 is fixed to the escape shaft 33 so as to rotate integrally with the escape shaft 33. The escapement pinion 33 is rotated by the escapement pinion 33 attached to the wheel train 2. The pallet 32 is connected to a gear 27 of the output shaft 26. The pallet 32 rotates on the pallet axle 34. It is fixed integrally and can be rotated by the pallet axle 34 which is rotatably mounted The anchor 32 prevents the rotation of the escape wheel 31 caused by the drive spring 11. In addition, once or twice per oscillation of the oscillating mechanism 4, the escape wheel 31 or the wheel train 2 rotates in a predetermined direction. To allow the angle to rotate, the escape wheel 31 is released. The anchor 32 has a locking mechanism that locks the escape wheel 31 in place. At the contact points, precious stone prongs, preferably made of (synthetic) ruby, are preferably placed. However, the prongs may also be made of metal, for example the Phynox The prongs can be made of a single block of silicon. Depending on the escapement mechanism, the anchors 32 may be formed integrally with each other. It may also be made up of several rotatable parts and / or the escape wheel 31 may also be rotated relative to one another. It may be made up of multiple parts that are rotatable relative to the axis of rotation.
[0030] The oscillating mechanism 4 oscillates with a fixed cycle time and engages the escapement mechanism 3 once or twice per oscillation. Alternatively, by releasing the anchor 32, a predetermined rotation is caused in the gear train 2 or the escape wheel 31. Preferably, the vibration mechanism 4 includes a balance shaft 41 that is rotatably mounted and a spiral spring ( The balance 41 generally has a balance pin. The balance shaft 41 and the balance shaft, or the balance shaft and the impulse stone, or All three of these may be integrally formed from one block of material. It is also possible to form all three parts from three blocks of material. In one exemplary embodiment, the swing seat is made of hardened beryllium copper, silicon, and It consists of Declafor, which will be described later, and Phynox or Nivaflex, which will be described later. For pendulums made of Phynox or Silicon, the pendulum is made from the same block of material. The orbicularis can be made of gemstones, preferably (synthetic) ruby, silicon or or Phynox, which will be described later. The balance wheel is, for example, Declafor, which will be described later. , hardened beryllium copper, or brass, as described below.
[0031] Shafts listed (and not listed) for rotating attachment of parts ) is preferably made of a hardened copper alloy. The copper alloy is preferably beryllium-free. Beryllium copper is preferably beryllium copper. The beryllium copper preferably contains lead. The copper alloy preferably contains 1.8% ~2% beryllium (Be), 0.2%-0.6% lead (Pb), less than 1.1% other substances The remaining 1.1% of other materials is preferably copper (Cu). The total content of balt (Co) and nickel (Ni) is 0.2% or more, and the total content of cobalt (Co) and The total content of nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe) is 0.6% or less, and other substances are 0.5% or less. (Percentage of the total weight of the alloy) The above and following percentages of the alloy's substance content Unless otherwise stated, always means weight percent. Materials that consist of this copper alloy From the material block, the desired shaft is machined, preferably by rotary milling. In order to obtain a surface quality with a rough surface, it is preferable to use diamond as a cutting tool. The hardness of this material is only about 380HV (Vickers hardness). The material is easily machineable, which is particularly useful for the pinion shaft. This is important for rotationally asymmetric elements such as pinions that are rotated in a circular arc. After forming the desired shaft, Preferably, a polishing step is carried out, which is preferably a chemical mechanical polishing step. The shaft is then coated with a second material (or a material different from the beryllium copper) on the shaft. This second material is preferably made of a non-magnetic material (GaAs). The coating applied is preferably an amorphous metal (also called a lath alloy). thicker than 0.5 μm (micrometers), preferably thicker than 2.5 μm, preferably The thickness is greater than 5 μm, preferably greater than 7 μm. Preferably, the second material is The hardened layer is formed at least in the region of the tenons and / or in the region of the pinion teeth. In the simplest case, the entire shaft is made of a second material. The shafts coated with the second material are preferably To further harden the coating, precipitation hardening (age hardening) is performed. This is generally done by This is done by heat treatment. The non-magnetic layer is preferably made of nickel. can be applied, for example, by electroplating and / or chemical nickel plating. The nickel layer is known in the watch industry as a magnetic material and is not used as a non-magnetic material. However, nickel can be formed and applied as a non-magnetic layer. This can be achieved, for example, by an amorphous nickel layer. Or alternatively, the non-magnetic layer is a nickel layer with phosphorus, preferably with a phosphorus content of more than 10%. Additionally or alternatively, the non-magnetic layer may be a chemically-based nickel layer. This can also be achieved by nickel plating. This nickel coating provides a resistance of over 600HV. To achieve a hardness of more than 700HV, preferably more than 800HV. The formed shaft made of the above copper alloy is chemically plated with nickel to a thickness of 3 μm. A hardness of about 900 HV is obtained by using the coating. Good formability of the front shaft, necessary for the mechanism to operate with low wear and high precision. This provides an optimal combination of hardness after coating of the hub and non-magnetic properties of the shaft.
[0032] The drive shaft 12 (FIG. 4 and FIG. 5) is made of beryllium copper that is coated for hardness. and 5), balance shaft 41 (Figs. 6 and 7), and central pinion shaft 21 (Figs. 8 and 9) An example of the anchor 34 (FIGS. 10 and 11) is shown in FIGS. The core 5 of each shaft is made from a single block of material made of beryllium copper. The core 5 is coated with a non-magnetic coating 6, preferably of nickel.
[0033] In another exemplary embodiment, at least one of the shafts described above (and shafts not described) may be At least one of the wires is made of a non-magnetic material other than beryllium copper, and the hardening is performed by using the non-magnetic material other than beryllium copper. It is coated with a non-magnetic nickel coating for magnetic properties.
[0034] Preferably, some or all of their shafts are made of (synthetic) ruby. The shafts of these are preferably rotated between the plate and the bridge. The base plate and bridge are preferably CuZn38Pb2. It is preferably constructed of brass, which is particularly suitable for use with the shaft as described above. It can be hardened by a coating, such as a nickel coating, or protected by gold plating. Either one.
[0035] Preferably, at least one shaft, in particular the winding stem, and / or the crown are preferably The material is made of non-magnetic stainless steel. Such stainless steel is extremely rare. Both are extremely difficult to process and have not been known in the watch industry until now. Stainless steel is used, for example, in the field of medical technology. The Cr content of the stainless steel is more than 10%, preferably more than 15%. One example is stainless steel X2CrNiMo 18-15-3 (DIN (German Industrial Standard) ) abbreviation), which means it contains less than 0.03% carbon (C), less than 0.75% silicon (S i), manganese (Mn) less than 2%, phosphorus (P) less than 0.025%, and zinc less than 0.003% Sulfur (S), 17% to 19% Chromium (Cr), 2.7% to 3% Molybdenum (Mo) , 13% to 15% Nickel (Ni), 0.5% or less Copper (Cu), 0.1% or less Nitrogen The remaining iron (Fe) is the main component of such non-magnetic stainless steels that contain chromium. Another example is the stainless steel known under the trade name Biodur 108 (UNS S29108). Steel, which contains less than 0.08% carbon (C), less than 0.75% silicon (Si), 21% to 24% manganese (Mn), 0.03% or less phosphorus (P), 0.01% or less sulfur Yellow (S), 19%-23% chromium (Cr), 0.5%-1.5% molybdenum (Mo) , 0.1% or less of nickel (Ni), 0.25% or less of copper (Cu), 0.9% or less of nitrogen (N), and the remainder iron (Fe).
[0036] The springs used in the pallet, escape wheel and clock mechanism are (unless otherwise stated) Iron, nickel, chromium, and cobalt (preferably also molybdenum and manganese ) as the main component. Preferably, the alloy is composed of the following elements: : 39%~41% Cobalt (Co), 19%~21% Chromium (Cr), 15%~18 % Nickel (Ni), 6.5%~7.5% Molybdenum (Mo), 1.5%~2.5% 0.05% manganese (Mn), less than 3% other substances, and the balance iron. Preferably less than 3% Other substances are less than 0.15% carbon (C), less than 1.2% silicon (Si), 0. Beryllium (Be) less than 0.001%, Phosphorus (P) less than 0.015%, This material contains 100% sulfur (S) as a percentage of the total alloy weight. Parts molded with this material are preferably molded before, during, and after molding. / Or after forming, the part is subjected to precipitation hardening (age hardening) to harden it. Therefore, even though non-magnetic materials are used, the hardness is over 500HV, especially about 600HV. Preferably, the part is milled, for example by CNC milling, prior to hardening. Rough forming is performed by the platen, and after hardening, fine forming is performed. Formed and hardened part It is preferable to then further perform chemical mechanical polishing.
[0037] The pallet and escape wheel may alternatively be made of silicon.
[0038] Also, screws, which are usually made of steel, cannot be used in non-magnetic watches. In one exemplary embodiment, the screw is made of a titanium alloy. The alloy used is titanium (3.7165 / DIN, TiAl6V4), which, in addition to titanium, 5.5%~6.75% Aluminum (Al), 3.5%~4.5% Vanadium, 2% Consists of less than 2% other substances, preferably less than 0.3% other substances. Iron (Fe), less than 0.2% oxygen (O), less than 0.05% nitrogen (N), less than 0.08% Contains 0.015% carbon (C) and less than 0.015% hydrogen (H) (percentage by weight of the total alloy). Preferably, parts molded from this material are molded with this material before, during, and / or after molding. In order to harden the parts, precipitation hardening is performed. This allows the parts to be made of non-magnetic materials. Nevertheless, hardnesses of more than 250HV, in particular about 350HV, can be achieved. The hardened parts are then preferably further subjected to chemical mechanical polishing.
[0039] The barrel and the gear train are preferably made of Declafor®, i.e. It consists of a copper alloy containing nickel and tin, more specifically, 7.5% nickel ( Ni), 5% Tin (Sn), less than 1.85% other materials, and the remainder Copper (Cu) The copper alloy contains less than 1.85% of other substances, e.g., 0.05% to 0.3% of copper. Manganese (Mn), 0.5% or less Zinc (Zn), 0.5% or less Iron (Fe), 0.03% Contains the following: Lead (Pb), 0.02% or less Phosphorus (P), and 0.5% or less of other substances Preferably, parts molded with this material are molded before, during, and / or after molding. In order to harden this part, precipitation hardening is performed. This makes it possible to use non-magnetic materials. Despite this, hardnesses of over 250 HV, especially about 320 HV, can be achieved. The formed and hardened parts are then further chemically mechanically polished and / or gold plated. It is preferable to do so.
[0040] The described timepiece mechanism is preferably installed in a timepiece, in particular in a wristwatch or pocket watch. For this purpose, if the case and / or wristband are constructed of metallic material, It is preferable to use, for example, a titanium alloy such as those mentioned above.
[0041] The materials described herein were used to meet STANAG 2897 standards while simultaneously complying with NIH We were able to build a watch that meets the S 91-10 shock resistance standard. Such a clock, even after 10 minutes in a 100,000 Gauss magnetic field, still had a NIHS 90-10 It has been proven to have an accuracy of less than 30 seconds per day, as required by the standard.
[0042] [Industrial Applicability] An exemplary embodiment of a timepiece has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to the gear mechanism, the gear Any other measuring device having mechanical functional parts such as a device, pointer, shaft, pinion shaft, etc. The same can be done for measuring instruments. Examples of such instruments are depth gauges, pressure gauges, and speed gauges. , an altimeter.
Claims
1. A screw for use in a mechanical movement for a timepiece or instrument having a relative magnetic permeability of less than 1.01, The screw is made of a titanium alloy. screw.
2. The screw contains aluminum in an amount of 5.5% or more and 6.75% or less. The screw according to claim 1.
3. The screw contains 3.5% or more and 4.5% or less of vanadium. The screw according to claim 1 or 2.
4. The screw contains less than 0.3% iron, less than 0.2% oxygen, less than 0.05% nitrogen, less than 0.08% carbon, and less than 0.015% hydrogen. The screw according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
5. The total content of iron, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen contained in the screw is less than 2%. The screw according to claim 4.