Solar cell module and solar power generation system with ice melting function

Abstract

To provide a solar cell module and a solar power generation system with an ice melting function for use in a cold region since low temperature and a climatic condition have an adverse effect on the performance of a solar cell.SOLUTION: A solar cell module and a solar power generation system with an ice melting function for use in a cold region store a part of the power generated by a solar cell in a flexible lithium ceramic battery. When the solar cell module encounters a temperature lower than the freezing point, the power in a flexible lithium ceramic battery is controlled to be released to a conductive heating film layer to generate heat, thereby melting the ice crystals on the surface of the solar cell module. Using the flexible lithium ceramic battery instead of providing a separate snow removal and ice melting device reduces costs.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a solar cell module and a solar power generation system, and particularly to a solar cell module and a solar power generation system having a defrosting function.

Background Art

[0002] A solar cell is a device that converts light energy into electrical energy and is also referred to as a photovoltaic cell. The operating principle of a solar cell is based on the photovoltaic effect. When sunlight irradiates the surface of the solar cell, photons collide with the semiconductor material to excite electrons, thereby generating an electric current. This electrical energy can be captured and stored, and is used for daily electrical use and energy storage applications. Currently, solar cell technology is very mature and widely applied. Solar cell technology is widely used in the residential, commercial, and industrial fields to meet power demands. Although solar power generation is encouraged in many countries and regions, this is useful for reducing dependence on conventional fossil fuels. In addition, it is also useful for addressing climate change because it reduces the emission of greenhouse gases. Solar cells are becoming even more attractive because their costs continue to decline while their performance continues to improve. In addition, continuous innovation in technologies such as single-crystalline solar cells, thin-film solar cells, and organic solar cells, for example, is driving the expansion of their application scope. Furthermore, solar cells are used to ensure reliable power supply in many remote areas or areas with unstable power grids. As a clean and renewable energy source, solar cells are constantly changing the energy industry and making an important contribution to sustainable development.

[0003] Solar cells do not have many problems for use in tropical or subtropical regions. However, when used in cold regions, they face several problems that affect their operation. This is mainly because low temperatures and climatic conditions have an adverse effect on the performance of solar cells. First, low temperature reduces the performance of solar cells. This is because the voltage of the solar cell decreases and the current decreases, resulting in a decrease in output power. In addition, snow accumulation and frost that are common in cold regions may cover the surface of the solar cell, further reducing light absorption and thus reducing the power generation amount. In addition, extremely low temperatures may damage the material performance of the solar cell and shorten the life of the battery. To solve these problems, in cold regions, in order to ensure that the solar cell operates normally even under extremely cold conditions, more heat preservation measures such as a heating system may have to be taken for the solar power generation system. In addition, regularly cleaning the surface of the solar cell module to remove snow accumulation and frost is also useful for improving performance. However, whether using an external heat preservation device or a snow and frost removal device, it will incur no small cost for the layout of the entire solar power generation system. In addition, using most of the electrical energy obtained from solar cells to maintain the ambient temperature is by no means a reasonable method.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems faced when using solar cells in cold regions, the present invention is proposed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a solar cell module and a solar power generation system having a defrosting function.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] In this section, any characteristics of the present invention are extracted and edited. Other characteristics will be disclosed in later paragraphs. This is intended to cover the spirit of the appended claims and various modifications and similar configurations within its scope.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a solar cell module having an ice-thawing function. The solar cell module includes a substrate including a first region and a second region surrounding the first region, the substrate having a plurality of through holes formed in a portion of the first region adjacent to the second region, a flexible lithium ceramic battery (FLCB) fixed below the first region and having a positive contact and a negative contact, a first adhesive layer laid and adhered above the first region, a conductive heating film layer located above the first adhesive layer and adhered to the substrate via the first adhesive layer, a second adhesive layer laid and adhered above the conductive heating film layer, and a plurality of solar cells consolidated within the second adhesive layer, the solar cells being electrically connected in parallel and / or series to output electrical energy converted from solar energy through a positive wire and a negative wire, the positive wire extending from the second adhesive layer and passing through one of the through holes to be electrically connected to the positive contact and a positive terminal of a load, and the negative wire extending from the second adhesive layer and passing through another of the through holes to be electrically connected to the negative contact and The battery includes a plurality of solar cells electrically connected to the negative terminal of the load, a waterproof film layer that adheres to the upper side of the second adhesive layer and prevents moisture from penetrating into the structure below, a third adhesive layer that is laid and adhered to the upper side of the waterproof film layer, a highly light-transmitting and light-collecting ETFE layer that has a plurality of three-dimensional protrusions on its upper surface and has a light-amplifying structure with a wave-shaped cross section formed by the plurality of protrusions, that adheres to the upper side of the third adhesive layer, and that guides light rays from multiple directions from the outside to the inside and makes them incident downward on the solar cells, and an annular adhesive wall that adheres to and surrounds the sides of the first adhesive layer, the conductive heating film layer, the second adhesive layer, the waterproof film layer, and the third adhesive layer. The positive contact and the negative contact are each connected to the conductive heating film layer by passing a conductor through one of the through holes. A circuit switch is attached to the conductor to make or break a circuit between the flexible lithium ceramic battery and the conductive heating film layer.

[0007] The present invention further provides a solar cell module with another ice-thawing function, which includes a substrate including a first region and a second region surrounding the first region, a first adhesive layer laid and adhered above the first region, a flexible lithium ceramic battery consolidated within the first adhesive layer and having a positive electrode contact and a negative electrode contact, a conductive heating film layer located above the first adhesive layer and adhered to the substrate via the first adhesive layer, a second adhesive layer laid and adhered above the conductive heating film layer, and a plurality of solar cells consolidated within the second adhesive layer, which are electrically connected in parallel and / or series and output electric energy converted from solar energy through a positive electrode wire and a negative electrode wire, the positive electrode wire extending from the second adhesive layer and electrically connected to the positive electrode contact and a positive terminal of a load, and the negative electrode wire The pole wire includes a plurality of solar cells extending from the second adhesive layer and electrically connected to the negative contact and the negative terminal of the load, a waterproof film layer adhering to the upper side of the second adhesive layer to prevent moisture from entering the structure below, a third adhesive layer laid and adhered to the upper side of the waterproof film layer, a highly light-transmitting and light-collecting ETFE layer having a plurality of three-dimensional protrusions on its upper surface and a light-amplifying structure having a wave-shaped cross section formed by the plurality of protrusions, adhering to the upper side of the third adhesive layer, the light-amplifying structure guiding light rays from multiple directions from the outside to the inside and making them incident downward on the solar cells, and an annular adhesive wall body adhering to and surrounding the sides of the first adhesive layer, the conductive heating film layer, the second adhesive layer, the waterproof film layer and the third adhesive layer. The positive contact and the negative contact are respectively connected to the conductive heating film layer by a conductor. A circuit switch is attached to the conductor to make or break a circuit between the flexible lithium ceramic battery and the conductive heating film layer.

[0008] In the solar cell module having an ice-thawing function described above, the second region may further include a temperature detector attached thereto for detecting a temperature of the substrate and transmitting the detection result to the outside via a signal line.

[0009] Most preferably, the substrate is made of stainless steel, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or plastic.

[0010] Optimally, the material of the first adhesive layer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate, EVA), polyolefin elastomer (Polyolefin Elastomers, POE), or expandable polyethylene (Expandable Polyethylene, EPE).

[0011] Optimally, the material of the second adhesive layer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin elastomer, or expandable polyethylene.

[0012] Optimally, the material of the third adhesive layer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin elastomer, or expandable polyethylene.

[0013] Optimally, the material of the annular adhesive wall is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin elastomer, or expandable polyethylene.

[0014] Optimally, the material of the conductive heating film layer is graphene conductive heating paper, graphene conductive heating non-woven fabric, or conductive heating cloth.

[0015] Optimally, the material of the waterproof film layer is polyethylene terephthalate (polyethylene terephthalate, PET), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (Ethylene tetrafluoroethylen, ETFE), or polycarbonate (polycarbonates, PC).

[0016] Optimally, when viewed from above, the three-dimensional wave shape of the optical amplification structure is formed into continuously adjacent circles on a plane.

[0017] The present invention further provides a solar power generation system having a defrosting function. The solar power generation system includes a plurality of the above-described solar cell modules, a pair of DC bus cables where the positive electrode DC bus cable is electrically connected to the extended end of the positive electrode line in the solar cell module, and the negative electrode DC bus cable is electrically connected to the extended end of the negative electrode line in the solar cell module, an inverter that converts the transmitted direct current into alternating current conforming to the system connection regulations of the commercial power supply and connects the converted alternating current to the power grid, and is electrically connected to the pair of DC bus cables so as to integrate the direct current generated by all the solar cell modules, and is electrically connected to the inverter. When the current becomes higher than a predetermined value, the electrical connection of the pair of DC bus cables is disconnected. For a part of the integrated direct current, it is converted into direct current having an operating voltage and then output, and for the remaining direct current, it is transmitted to the inverter. A power output control device, and a circuit switch control circuit that is electrically connected to the power output control device and is signal-connected to the circuit switch and the temperature detector of the solar cell module, continuously receives the temperature detection value transmitted from any of the temperature detectors, and a) determines whether the temperature detection value is lower than 0 degrees Celsius; b) if the determination in job a) is true, turns on the circuit switch of the solar cell module where the temperature detector is located, and conducts the circuit between the flexible lithium ceramic battery and the conductive heating film layer to heat the solar cell module; and c) when the temperature detection value transmitted from the temperature detector of the solar cell module after the start of heating is higher than the set temperature, turns off the circuit switch of the solar cell module to disconnect the circuit between the flexible lithium ceramic battery and the conductive heating film layer. According to the present invention, the set temperature may be between 5 and 25 degrees Celsius.

Effects of the Invention

[0018] In the present invention, a part of the electric power generated by the solar cell is stored in a flexible lithium ceramic battery. When the solar cell module encounters a temperature lower than the freezing point, the electric power in the flexible lithium ceramic battery is controlled to be released to the conductive heating film layer to generate heat, so that the ice crystals on the surface of the solar cell module can be melted. By using a flexible lithium ceramic battery instead of separately providing a snow removal and deicing device, the cost is reduced. In addition, since only a part of the electrical energy obtained from the solar cell is used to maintain the temperature of the solar cell module to such an extent that water vapor cannot solidify, the overall power generation efficiency is not affected by excessive power consumption.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0020] The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following embodiments.

[0021] Refer to FIG. 1. This figure is a schematic plan view of a solar cell module 1 having a defrosting function based on an embodiment of the present invention. For the convenience of explanation, a plurality of cross-sectional views of the solar cell module 1 are also provided in the drawings. For example, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the solar cell module 1 taken along line A-A' of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the solar cell module 1 taken along line B-B' of FIG. 1. It should be noted that, for the convenience of explanation, the ratios in these drawings are not described based on the actual product design. For example, the ratio of the actual length to the thickness of the solar cell module 1 may be several tens to several hundreds to one. However, according to such a design, the thickness in the figure is excessively compressed and the content cannot be identified. Therefore, in FIGS. 2 and 3, the thickness is enlarged at least as much as the length and width. Also, the positions between components, as well as the thickness, length, and width of the components are all examples, and the present invention is not limited to the content of the drawings.

[0022] Regarding the structure, the solar cell module 1 of this embodiment includes a substrate 100, a Flexible Lithium Ceramic Battery (FLCB) 110, a first adhesive layer 120, a conductive heating film layer 130, a second adhesive layer 140, a plurality of solar cells 150, a waterproof film layer 160, a third adhesive layer 170, a highly transparent and light-collecting ETFE layer 180, and an annular adhesive wall 190. The characteristics, functions, materials, and combination methods of the above technical elements will be described in detail below.

[0023] The substrate 100 is a base for mounting other components and needs to have sufficient toughness. Also, optimally, it should have heat resistance, cold resistance, and moisture resistance. Therefore, the substrate 100 can be made of stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, or plastic. In this embodiment, the case of stainless steel will be exemplified for explanation. In principle, there are no restrictions on the appearance of the substrate 100. In this embodiment, the case where the shape of the substrate 100 is rectangular will be exemplified for explanation. The substrate 100 includes a first region 101 and a second region 102 surrounding the first region 101. The first region 101 is a region where power generation technical elements and other technical elements are mounted. Also, the second region 102 is a region where a temperature detector T for monitoring the solar cell module 1 is attached and a fixing screw hole H is formed. In this embodiment, the first region 101 is a small rectangular region in the center of the substrate 100. Also, the second region 102 is a frame-shaped region located on the outer periphery of the first region 101, and the inside of the frame-shaped region is the rectangular first region 101. As a point to note, a plurality of through holes V are provided in the portion of the first region 101 adjacent to or near the second region 102. The through holes V are provided to electrically connect the components formed above the first region 101 to the components below by passing a conducting wire through the through holes V.

[0024] The Flexible Lithium Ceramic Battery (FLCB) 110 is a secondary battery that is very thin in thickness relative to its length, flexible and bendable, and has excellent power storage efficiency. In the present invention, the flexible lithium ceramic battery 110 is used as an energy source for heating the solar cell module 1 at low temperatures. The flexible lithium ceramic battery 110 is fixedly installed below the first region 101 and has a positive electrode contact 111 and a negative electrode contact 112. The fixing method of the flexible lithium ceramic battery 110 may be adhesive bonding or screw tightening. Also, if necessary, an adhesive fixing and protecting layer made of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyolefin elastomers (POE), or expandable polyethylene (EPE) may be laid on the flexible lithium ceramic battery 110.

[0025] The first adhesive layer 120 is laid and adhered above the first region 101 and is made of EVA. In practice, an EVA film of appropriate size can be used as the first adhesive layer 120, and by thermocompression bonding it under certain conditions, melting, adhesion, and crosslinking and curing can be caused to adhere the substrate 100 and the upper conductive heating film layer 130. EVA has no viscosity at normal temperature and has viscosity resistance. Also, the cured EVA film becomes completely transparent and has quite high light transmittance. The cured EVA film has elasticity and has advantages such as heat resistance, moisture resistance, low temperature resistance, and impact resistance. In addition, it has good adhesiveness to metal glass and plastic, so the overall stability of the solar cell module 1 can be maintained (it is not easily decomposed). Note that considering environmental impact factors, POE or EPE having similar characteristics to EVA may be used as the material of the first adhesive layer 120.

[0026] The conductive heating film layer 130 is located above the first adhesive layer 120 and adheres to the substrate 100 through the first adhesive layer 120. As a main technical element for heating the solar cell module 1 at low temperature, the conductive heating film layer 130 has a circuit formed inside it that generates heat when direct current electricity flows through. According to the present invention, the material of the conductive heating film layer 130 may be graphene conductive heating paper, graphene conductive heating non-woven fabric, or conductive heating cloth.

[0027] The second adhesive layer 140 is laid and adhered above the conductive heating film layer 130, and a plurality of solar cells 150 are sandwiched and fixed inside it. Similar to the first adhesive layer 120, the second adhesive layer 140 may use EVA, POE, or EPE as the material, but the implementation method is slightly different. In this embodiment, one EVA film is placed above the conductive heating film layer 130 and hot-pressed. After that, the solar cells 150 are arranged in a molten state, and then another EVA film is placed on the solar cells 150 and heated to complete melting, adhesion, and cross-linking / curing.

[0028] Refer to FIG. 1. For the convenience of explanation, in this embodiment, an example using six solar cells 150 will be described. These solar cells 150 are solidified in the second adhesive layer 140. The solar cells 150 are electrically connected in a parallel, series, or a combination of parallel and series manners. The solar cells 150 in this embodiment are grouped in threes and in parallel, and in series between two groups. These solar cells 150 output the electrical energy converted from solar energy through the positive electrode line 151 and the negative electrode line 152. The positive electrode line 151 and the negative electrode line 152 may be copper foil conductors, which are shown as thick solid lines in FIGS. 2 and 3. The positive electrode line 151 extends from the second adhesive layer 140, passes through one of the through holes V, and is electrically connected to the positive electrode contact 111 and the positive electrode terminal of the load (for example, a light bulb or the DC bus cable of a solar power generation system). The negative electrode line 152 extends from the second adhesive layer 140, passes through another of the through holes V, and is electrically connected to the negative electrode contact 112 and the negative electrode terminal of the load. As is clear from the above, these solar cells 150 form an electrical circuit with the flexible lithium ceramic battery 110 and also form an electrical circuit with the load. The flexible lithium ceramic battery 110 and the load are in a parallel relationship. Therefore, the DC generated by the solar cells 150 is not only supplied to and used by the load, but also synchronously charges the flexible lithium ceramic battery 110 until the flexible lithium ceramic battery 110 can no longer accept power.

[0029] The waterproof film layer 160 adheres above the second adhesive layer 140 and is responsible for preventing moisture from entering the underlying structure. According to the present invention, the material of the waterproof film layer 160 may be polyethylene terephthalate (PET), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), or polycarbonate (PC), but is not limited thereto.

[0030] The third adhesive layer 170 is laid and adhered above the waterproof film layer 160. Since the materials and implementation methods that can be used for the third adhesive layer 170 are the same as those of the first adhesive layer 120, they will not be described in detail here again.

[0031] The high-transparency and light-collecting ETFE layer 180 has a plurality of three-dimensional protrusions on its upper surface, and the cross-section composed of the plurality of protrusions has a light amplification structure with a wavy shape, and adheres above the third adhesive layer 170. The light amplification structure guides multi-directional light rays from the outside to the inside and makes them incident on the solar cell 150 downward. To better understand the light amplification structure, refer to FIG. 4. This figure illustrates the method and effect of changing the optical path by the light amplification structure. In FIG. 4, the high-transparency and light-collecting ETFE layer 180 is a technical element for the solar cell module 1 to contact external light rays. The upper surface of the high-transparency and light-collecting ETFE layer 180 is provided with a plurality of three-dimensional wavy light amplification structures 181. The light amplification structure 181 can obtain the edge line segments of the continuous "wave crest - wave trough" cross-section in any direction of the cross-section. Moreover, the three-dimensional wavy shape of the light amplification structure 181 is formed into continuously adjacent circular shapes in a plane when viewed from above. Also, each circle has a radius of curvature of 1 mm or less. Note that the optical path of the incident light is indicated by single or continuously connected arrows. Due to the three-dimensional wave shape of the optical amplification structure 181, light rays from multiple directions outside can be guided inside. For example, in the optical path L1, the light rays are refracted and irradiated onto the highly transparent and light-collecting ETFE layer 180. Also, in the optical path L2, the light rays are refracted once and totally reflected once and then enter the highly transparent and light-collecting ETFE layer 180. Further, in the optical path L3, since the incident angle of the light rays is perpendicular to the incident surface, the light rays enter the highly transparent and light-collecting ETFE layer 180 without changing direction. Through the above three types of optical paths, more light rays outside the highly transparent and light-collecting ETFE layer 180 can enter the highly transparent and light-collecting ETFE layer 180 in a larger quantity. As a result, the light rays that can be obtained by the solar cell 150 increase, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell 150 also improves.

[0032] The annular adhesive wall 190 surrounds and adheres to the sides of the first adhesive layer 120, the conductive heating film layer 130, the second adhesive layer 140, the waterproof film layer 160, and the third adhesive layer 170. In fact, the annular adhesive wall 190 is a protective layer formed by the materials of the first adhesive layer 120, the second adhesive layer 140, and the third adhesive layer 170 overflowing toward the sides after melting due to heat and then solidifying by cooling. Therefore, the material is also EVA, POE, or EPE.

[0033] The greatest utility of the present invention is that when the solar cell module 1 is exposed to a low temperature (0 degrees Celsius or less), it is controlled to generate heat, so that the ice crystals solidified on the surface can be melted, and thus the power generation efficiency of the solar cell module 1 is improved. Heating is performed by the conductive heating film layer 130. In order to achieve the purpose of controllable heating, the flexible lithium ceramic battery 110 has the following special design. As shown in FIG. 2, the positive electrode contact 111 and the negative electrode contact 112 of the flexible lithium ceramic battery 110 are respectively connected to the conductive heating film layer 130 by passing the conductive wire W through one of the above through holes V. For convenience of explanation, the conductive wire W is shown by a dashed line. It should be noted that in FIG. 2, the conductive wire W and the positive electrode wire 151 or the negative electrode wire 152 appear to pass through the same through hole V, but actually, they pass through two through holes V respectively, and these two through holes V merely overlap in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface. A circuit switch S for conducting or cutting off the circuit between the flexible lithium ceramic battery 110 and the conductive heating film layer 130 is attached to one of the two conductive wires W. When the circuit is conductive, the conductive heating film layer 130 generates heat to heat the entire solar cell module 1. When it does not conduct electricity, the solar cell module 1 gradually decreases in temperature to the ambient temperature. The circuit switch S may be a mechanical switch operated manually. Also, the circuit switch S may be an electronic switch remotely controlled by other control devices.

[0034] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a temperature detector T is attached to the second region 102. The temperature detector T is for detecting the temperature of the substrate 100 and transmitting the detection result to the outside via a signal line. The specific role of the temperature detector T will be described in conjunction with the photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention.

[0035] According to the present invention, since there are other methods for attaching the flexible lithium ceramic battery 110, it will be described in another embodiment.

[0036] Refer to FIG. 5. This figure is a cross-sectional view of the solar cell module 2 having a defrosting function based on another embodiment of the present invention. The solar cell module 2 includes a substrate 100', a flexible lithium ceramic battery 110', a first adhesive layer 120', a conductive heating film layer 130, a second adhesive layer 140, a plurality of solar cells 150, a waterproof film layer 160, a third adhesive layer 170, a highly transparent and light-collecting ETFE layer 180, and an annular adhesive wall 190. For the sake of simplicity, in this embodiment, when the same reference numerals as those in the previous embodiment are used for the same components, they represent the same technical elements, and their functions, forms, materials, and manufacturing methods are all the same, so they will not be described in detail again. Hereinafter, the different technical elements among these will be described in detail.

[0037] The substrate 100' also has a first region 101 and a second region 102 surrounding the first region 101. However, in this embodiment, it is not necessary to open a through hole V in the substrate 100'. Since the first region 101 and the second region 102 are not divided by the through hole V, the boundary between them is indicated by a dotted line. As affected, after the positive electrode line 151 extends from the second adhesive layer 140, it can be electrically connected to the positive electrode contact 111 of the flexible lithium ceramic battery 110' and the positive electrode terminal of the load as it is. Also, when the negative electrode line 152 extends from the second adhesive layer 140, it can be electrically connected to the negative electrode contact 112 and the negative electrode terminal of the load without passing through the through hole V. In addition, a temperature detector T can also be attached to the second region 102.

[0038] The first adhesive layer 120' is also laid and adhered above the first region 101. However, as a difference from the above-described embodiment, the flexible lithium ceramic battery 110' is not fixedly provided below the first region 101, but is solidified within the first adhesive layer 120'. Since the solidification method is the same as the case of solidifying the solar cell 150 within the second adhesive layer 140, it will not be described in detail again. Accordingly, the positive electrode contact 111 and the negative electrode contact 112 of the flexible lithium ceramic battery 110' are also embedded within the first adhesive layer 120'. Further, since there is no through-hole V, correspondingly, the positive electrode contact 111 and the negative electrode contact 112 can be respectively connected to the conductive heating film layer 130 by conductive wires W (indicated by dashed-dotted lines). Note that a circuit switch S for conducting or cutting off the circuit between the flexible lithium ceramic battery 110' and the conductive heating film layer 130 is also attached to the conductive wire W.

[0039] Based on the above-described solar cell module, the present invention provides a solar power generation system having a defrosting function. Here, refer to FIG. 6. This figure is a schematic diagram of the components of the solar power generation system. The solar power generation system includes a plurality of solar cell modules in any of the above embodiments, a pair of DC bus cables 3, an inverter 4, a power output control device 5, and a circuit switch control circuit 6. In this embodiment, the case where the number of solar cell modules 1 is four will be illustrated and described, but actually the number of solar cell modules is not limited.

[0040] The pair of DC bus cables 3 includes a positive electrode DC bus cable 3a and a negative electrode DC bus cable 3b. The positive electrode DC bus cable 3a is electrically connected to the extended end of the positive electrode line in the solar cell module 1. Further, the negative electrode DC bus cable 3b is electrically connected to the extended end of the negative electrode line in the solar cell module 1. By doing so, from the pair of DC bus cables 3 to the circuit of the power transmission network G of the commercial power supply becomes the load of each solar cell module 1. Such a load only transmits the power generated by the solar cell module 1 to another place and does not consume it.

[0041] The inverter 4 is not a general inverter that converts direct current to alternating current. Instead, it converts the transmitted direct current into alternating current that conforms to the grid connection regulations of the commercial power supply system, and enables the converted alternating current to be connected to the power transmission network G.

[0042] The power output control device 5 is electrically connected to the pair of DC bus cables 3 so as to integrate the direct current generated by all the solar cell modules 1, and is also electrically connected to the inverter 4. The amount of electricity generated by each solar cell module 1 varies depending on the position of the sun and the amount of light irradiation. Therefore, when the amount of electricity is too much, for example, when the current becomes higher than a predetermined value, the power output control device 5 may disconnect the electrical connection of the pair of DC bus cables 3 (by a fuse). In addition, for a part of the integrated direct current, the power output control device 5 may convert it into direct current having an operating voltage and then output it, and for the remaining direct current, it may transmit it to the inverter 4, convert it, and then connect it to the commercial power supply.

[0043] The circuit switch control circuit 6 is electrically connected to the power output control device 5, and is signal-connected to the circuit switch S and the temperature detector T of the solar cell module 1 (indicated by a dashed line). It can continuously receive the temperature detection value transmitted from any of the temperature detectors T, and executes the following jobs.

[0044] First job: Determine whether the temperature detection value is lower than 0 degrees Celsius. Based on 0 degrees Celsius, evaluate whether it is necessary to remove the ice crystals that may solidify on the solar cell module 1 by heating. This is the most important purpose of having the temperature detector T.

[0045] Second Job: When the determination of the first job is true, turn on the circuit switch S of the solar cell module 1 where the temperature detector T is located, and conduct the circuit between the flexible lithium ceramic batteries 110, 110' and the conductive heating film layer 130 to heat the solar cell module 1. This job enables heating of the solar cell module 1 whose temperature is lower than 0 degrees Celsius, and aims to recover the temperature of the solar cell module 1 until water vapor can no longer condense.

[0046] Third Job: When the temperature detection value transmitted from the temperature detector T of the solar cell module 1 after the start of heating is higher than the set temperature, turn off the circuit switch S of the solar cell module 1 to cut off the circuit between the flexible lithium ceramic batteries 110, 110' and the conductive heating film layer 130. This job determines the condition for stopping the heating of the solar cell module 1. Heating the solar cell module 1 to a high temperature also makes it possible to improve the operating efficiency of the solar cell module 1 simultaneously with defrosting. However, too high a heating temperature means excessive consumption of generated power and cannot achieve the purpose of normal power generation in the solar cell module 1. Therefore, the determination of the set temperature is very important. According to the present invention, the set temperature may be between 5 and 25 degrees Celsius. Taking the case of 5 degrees Celsius as an example, if one solar cell module 1 is detected to be placed at -2 degrees Celsius, the solar cell module 1 is heated to 5 degrees Celsius to melt the ice crystals. Then, when the heating is stopped, the temperature of the solar cell module 1 gradually drops to 0 degrees Celsius. Then, the circuit switch S reconnects the circuit between the flexible lithium ceramic batteries 110, 110' and the conductive heating film layer 130 to heat the solar cell module 1 again. By repeating this way, the temperature of the solar cell module 1 will be between 0 and 5 degrees Celsius, and ice crystals will no longer adhere.

[0047] Although the present invention has been disclosed as above according to the embodiments, this does not limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make minor modifications and supplements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the provisions of the appended claims.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0048] 1 Solar cell module 2 Solar cell module 3 DC bus cable 3a Positive electrode DC bus cable 3b Negative electrode DC bus cable 4 Inverter 5 Power output control device 6 Circuit switch control circuit 100 Substrate 100’ Substrate 101 First region 102 Second region 110 Flexible lithium ceramic battery 110’ Flexible lithium ceramic battery 111 Positive electrode contact 112 Negative electrode contact 120 First adhesive layer 120’ First adhesive layer 130 Conductive heating film layer 140 Second adhesive layer 150 Solar cell 151 Positive electrode wire 152 Negative electrode wire 160 Waterproof film layer 170 Third adhesive layer 180 High light transmittance and light concentrating ETFE layer 181 Light amplification structure 190 Annular adhesive wall G Power transmission grid H Fixing screw hole L1 Optical path L2 Optical path L3 Optical path S Circuit switch T Temperature detector V Through hole W conductor

Claims

1. A substrate including a first region and a second region surrounding the first region, wherein a plurality of through holes are formed at a location adjacent to the second region in the first region. A flexible lithium ceramic battery (Flexible Lithium Ceramic Battery, FLCB) fixedly provided below the first region and having a positive electrode contact and a negative electrode contact. A first adhesive layer laid and adhered above the first region. A conductive heating film layer located above the first adhesive layer and adhered to the substrate through the first adhesive layer. A second adhesive layer laid and adhered above the conductive heating film layer. A plurality of solar cells consolidated in the second adhesive layer, electrically connected in parallel and / or in series, and outputting electrical energy converted from solar energy through a positive electrode line and a negative electrode line. The positive electrode line extends in the second adhesive layer, passes through one of the through holes, and is electrically connected to the positive electrode contact and the positive electrode terminal of the load. The negative electrode line extends in the second adhesive layer, passes through another through hole, and is electrically connected to the negative electrode contact and the negative electrode terminal of the load. A waterproof film layer adhered above the second adhesive layer to prevent moisture from entering the structure below. A third adhesive layer laid and adhered above the waterproof film layer. Having a plurality of three-dimensional protrusions on the upper surface and an optical amplification structure with a corrugated cross-section composed of the plurality of protrusions, adhered above the third adhesive layer, and the optical amplification structure guides multi-directional light rays from the outside into the interior and makes them incident on the solar cells downward. A highly transparent and light-concentrating ETFE layer, and An annular adhesive wall body surrounding and adhering to the sides of the first adhesive layer, the conductive heating film layer, the second adhesive layer, the waterproof film layer, and the third adhesive layer. The positive electrode contact and the negative electrode contact are each connected to the conductive heating film layer by passing a conductive wire through one of the through holes, and a circuit switch for conducting or cutting off the circuit between the flexible lithium ceramic battery and the conductive heating film layer is attached to the conductive wire. A solar cell module having a defrosting function.

2. In the second region, a temperature detector for detecting the temperature of the substrate and transmitting the detection result to the outside through a signal line is further attached to the solar cell module having the defrosting function according to claim 1.

3. The material of the substrate is stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy or plastic. The solar cell module having the defrosting function according to claim 2.

4. The material of the first adhesive layer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate, EVA), polyolefin elastomer (Polyolefin Elastomers, POE) or expanded polyethylene (Expandable Polyethylene, EPE). The solar cell module having the defrosting function according to claim 2.

5. The material of the second adhesive layer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin elastomer or expanded polyethylene. The solar cell module having the defrosting function according to claim 2.

6. The material of the third adhesive layer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin elastomer or expanded polyethylene. The solar cell module having the defrosting function according to claim 2.

7. The material of the annular adhesive wall is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin elastomer or expanded polyethylene. The solar cell module having the defrosting function according to claim 2.

8. The material of the conductive heating film layer is graphene conductive heating paper, graphene conductive heating non-woven fabric, or conductive heating cloth, for the solar cell module with a defrosting function according to claim 2.

9. The material of the waterproof film layer is polyethylene terephthalate (PET), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), or polycarbonate (PC), for the solar cell module with a defrosting function according to claim 2.

10. The three-dimensional wave shape of the light amplification structure is formed into continuously adjacent circles in a plane when viewed from above, for the solar cell module with a defrosting function according to claim 2.

11. A substrate including a first region and a second region surrounding the first region, A first adhesive layer laid and adhered above the first region, A flexible lithium ceramic battery solidified in the first adhesive layer and having a positive electrode contact and a negative electrode contact, A conductive heating film layer located above the first adhesive layer and adhered to the substrate through the first adhesive layer, A second adhesive layer laid and adhered above the conductive heating film layer, A plurality of solar cells solidified in the second adhesive layer, electrically connected in parallel and / or in series, outputting electrical energy converted from solar energy through a positive electrode wire and a negative electrode wire, the positive electrode wire extending in the second adhesive layer and electrically connected to the positive electrode contact and the positive terminal of the load, the negative electrode wire extending in the second adhesive layer and electrically connected to the negative electrode contact and the negative terminal of the load, A waterproof film layer adhered above the second adhesive layer to prevent moisture from entering the structure below it, A third adhesive layer laid and adhered above the waterproof film layer, It has a light amplification structure with a plurality of three-dimensional protrusions on it, and the cross-section formed by the plurality of protrusions is wavy. It adheres above the third adhesive layer, and the light amplification structure guides multi-directional light rays from the outside to the inside and makes them incident on the solar cell downward. The high-transparency and light-concentrating ETFE layer, and It includes an annular adhesive wall body that surrounds and adheres to the sides of the first adhesive layer, the conductive heating film layer, the second adhesive layer, the waterproof film layer, and the third adhesive layer. The positive electrode contact and the negative electrode contact are respectively connected to the conductive heating film layer by conducting wires, and a circuit switch for conducting or cutting off the circuit between the flexible lithium ceramic battery and the conductive heating film layer is attached to the conducting wires. A solar cell module with a defrosting function.

12. In the second region, a temperature detector for detecting the temperature of the substrate and transmitting the detection result to the outside through a signal wire is further attached. The solar cell module with a defrosting function according to claim 11.

13. The material of the substrate is stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy or plastic. The solar cell module with a defrosting function according to claim 12.

14. The material of the first adhesive layer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin elastomer or foamed polyethylene. The solar cell module with a defrosting function according to claim 12.

15. The material of the second adhesive layer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin elastomer or foamed polyethylene. The solar cell module with a defrosting function according to claim 12.

16. The material of the third adhesive layer is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin elastomer or foamed polyethylene. The solar cell module with a defrosting function according to claim 12.

17. The solar cell module having a defrosting function according to claim 12, wherein the material of the annular adhesive wall is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin elastomer or foamed polyethylene.

18. The solar cell module having a defrosting function according to claim 12, wherein the material of the conductive heating film layer is graphene conductive heating paper, graphene conductive heating nonwoven fabric or conductive heating cloth.

19. The solar cell module having a defrosting function according to claim 12, wherein the material of the waterproof film layer is polyethylene terephthalate, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene or polycarbonate.

20. The solar cell module having a defrosting function according to claim 12, wherein the three-dimensional wave shape of the optical amplification structure is formed into continuously adjacent circles in a plane when viewed from above.

21. A plurality of solar cell modules according to any one of claims 2 to 10 and 12 to 20, A pair of DC bus cables, wherein a positive electrode DC bus cable is electrically connected to the extended end of the positive electrode line in the solar cell module, and a negative electrode DC bus cable is electrically connected to the extended end of the negative electrode line in the solar cell module, An inverter that converts the transmitted direct current into alternating current conforming to the system connection regulations of the commercial power supply and connects the converted alternating current to the power grid, An electric power output control device that is electrically connected to the pair of DC bus cables so as to integrate the direct current generated by all the solar cell modules and is electrically connected to the inverter, and when the current becomes higher than a predetermined value, cuts off the electrical connection of the pair of DC bus cables, converts a part of the integrated direct current into direct current having an operating voltage and then outputs it, and transmits the remaining direct current to the inverter, and An electric power output control device that is electrically connected to the electric power output control device and is signal-connected to the circuit switch and the temperature detector of the solar cell module, continuously receives the temperature detection value transmitted from any one of the temperature detectors, and a) A job for determining whether the detected temperature value is lower than 0 degrees Celsius; b) When the determination in job a) is true, a job for heating the solar cell module by turning on the circuit switch of the solar cell module where the temperature detector is located and conducting the circuit between the flexible lithium ceramic battery and the conductive heating film layer; and c) When the detected temperature value transmitted from the temperature detector of the solar cell module after the start of heating is higher than the set temperature, a job for disconnecting the circuit between the flexible lithium ceramic battery and the conductive heating film layer by turning off the circuit switch of the solar cell module. A photovoltaic power generation system having a defrosting function, including a circuit switch control circuit for executing the above.

22. The photovoltaic power generation system having a defrosting function according to claim 21, wherein the set temperature is between 5 and 25 degrees Celsius.

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