High-lift device and aircraft

Abstract

To provide a high-lift device capable of sufficiently bringing out a performance.SOLUTION: A high-lift device includes: a blade; a flap stored in a storage continuous to a front edge of the blade and expanding in front of the front edge; and a link mechanism for moving the flap between a standby position of being stored in the storage and a deployment position of expanding forward. The front edge of the blade includes an interference avoidance opening through which a link member constituting the link mechanism enters and exists when moving between the standby position and the deployment position.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

【Technical Field】 【0001】 The present disclosure relates to a Krueger flap as a high-lift device provided at the leading edge of an aircraft wing. 【Background Art】 【0002】 Among the high-lift devices used during takeoff and landing of an aircraft, a slat attached to the leading edge of the wing is common. A Krueger flap has been attracting attention as a high-lift device to replace the slat. The Krueger flap has at least the following two characteristics compared to the slat. For the purpose of maintaining a laminar flow to reduce aerodynamic drag, it is possible to increase the smoothness of the front surface of the wing. If the smoothness can be increased, it is also possible to prevent the flow separation due to leading-edge contamination where insects etc. adhere by greatly extending to protect the front surface of the wing from the lower surface side. It is possible to reduce the noise emitted from the high-lift device during takeoff and landing. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a high-lift device capable of more appropriately setting the position and angle of a flap according to the flight state of an aircraft. The high-lift device of Patent Document 1 includes a first link mechanism connected to a flap and a first rotation axis, and a second link mechanism connected to the flap and a second rotation axis. 【Prior Art Documents】 【Patent Documents】 【0003】 【Patent Document 1】 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-151200 【Summary of the Invention】 【Problems to be Solved by the Invention】 【0004】 Since the Kruger flap has a complex mechanical structure, in addition to increasing the weight, it requires space to store the complex mechanism, so it is exclusively applied to large aircraft or only to the inner wing part where space is relatively easy to secure. The high-lift device of Patent Document 1 has two link mechanisms and two rotating shafts, so the mechanical structure is complex and the weight increases. Thus, the Kruger flap may not be able to ensure sufficient performance due to the limited application targets and locations. From the above, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a high-lift device capable of fully exerting performance. 【Means for Solving the Problems】 【0005】 The high-lift device according to the present disclosure includes a wing, a flap that is stored in a storage compartment connected to the leading edge of the wing and extends forward of the leading edge, and a link mechanism that moves the flap between a standby position stored in the storage compartment and a deployed position extending forward. The leading edge of the wing has an interference avoidance opening through which link members constituting the link mechanism enter and exit when moving between the standby position and the deployed position. 【Effects of the Invention】 【0006】 According to the high-lift device of the present disclosure, the leading edge of the wing has an interference avoidance opening through which link members constituting the link mechanism enter and exit when moving between the standby position and the deployed position. Therefore, according to the high-lift device of the present disclosure, the flap can be extended until the maximum lift is obtained, so that the performance of the flap can be fully exerted. 【Brief Description of the Drawings】 【0007】 【Figure 1】 It is a longitudinal sectional view showing a high-lift device according to an embodiment. 【Figure 2】 It is a perspective view of the high-lift device according to the embodiment viewed from above. 【Figure 3】It is a perspective view of the high-lift device according to the embodiment as viewed from below. 【Figure 4】 It is a longitudinal sectional view showing the operation of the high-lift device according to the embodiment. 【Figure 5】 It is a perspective view of the high-lift device according to the embodiment as viewed from above showing the operation. 【Figure 6】 It is a perspective view of the high-lift device according to the embodiment as viewed from below showing the operation. 【Figure 7】 It is a diagram showing an example of an opening / closing body that opens and closes an interference avoidance opening in the high-lift device according to the embodiment. 【Figure 8】 It is a diagram showing an example of an opening / closing body that opens and closes an interference avoidance opening in the high-lift device according to the embodiment. 【Mode for Carrying Out the Invention】 【0008】 Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The high-lift device 1 includes a flap 2 at the leading edge 51 of the main wing 50 of an aircraft. As shown by S03 in FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 respectively, the flap 2 can increase the lift coefficient by extending forward during takeoff or landing. The flap 2 is composed of two elements, a first flap element 5 and a second flap element 6. During cruise of the aircraft, as shown by S01 in FIGS. 4, 5, and 6 respectively, the first flap element 5 is stored in the storage 55 of the main wing 50, and the second flap element 6 constitutes a part of the lower surface 57 of the main wing 50. The high-lift device 1 can expand the movable range of the flap by providing an interference avoidance opening 53 at the leading edge 51 of the main wing 50 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6. 【0009】 〔Configuration of High-Lift Device 1: Refer to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3〕 The high-lift device 1 constitutes the flap 2 in the deployed position by transmitting the forward or reverse rotation operation of the driving shaft 3 via the link mechanism 10. Note that both the first flap element 5 and the second flap element 6 that constitute the flap 2 are one of the components of the link mechanism 10. That is, the link mechanism 10 has the function of a flap by itself. 【0010】 [Flap 2 (First flap element 5)] Flap 2 is a long member in one direction having an airfoil shape, and is installed along the wing length direction L of the main wing 50 at the leading edge 51 of the main wing 50. As described above, Flap 2 is composed of a first flap element 5 and a second flap element 6. The first flap element 5 includes a flap main body 5A and a connecting arm 5B. The flap main body 5A contributes to the improvement of lift when the high-lift device 1 is in the deployed position. The connecting arm 5B is provided integrally with the flap main body 5A for the purpose of connection by pin connection with the second driven link 15 of the link mechanism 10 that extends Flap 2. The connecting arm 5B is formed inside the flap main body 5A, that is, on the lower surface side during extension. The first flap element 5 is also connected by pin connection to the first driven link 13 of the link mechanism 10 on the side of the flap main body 5A. The flap main body 5A includes a first flap configuration surface 5C. 【0011】 [Link mechanism 10: Refer to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3] First, the link members constituting the link mechanism 10 will be described. In the link mechanism 10, both the driving link and the driven link swing. However, as is clear from the following description, in this link mechanism 10, the swinging motion of one driving link 11 causes the swinging motion of two first driven links 13 and a second driven link 15. 【0012】 The link mechanism 10 includes a driving link 11 that swings by the forward or reverse rotation of the driving shaft 3, a first driven link 13 that swings along with the swinging motion of the driving link 11, and a second driven link 15 that swings along with the swinging motion of the driving link 11. The driving link 11 and the first driven link 13 are connected by a transmission link 17, and the driving link 11 and the second driven link 15 are also connected by a transmission link 17. That is, the first driven link 13 and the second driven link 15 are connected to the driving link 11 via a common transmission link 17. A flap 2 is connected between the first driven link 13 and the second driven link 15. The flap 2 is a link member interposed between the first driven link 13 and the second driven link 15. 【0013】 Next, the configuration of each link member will be described. The driving link 11 has a shape that extends straight in the radial direction RD (see FIG. 1) with respect to the driving shaft 3. The second driven link 15 has a shape that extends substantially straight although a part thereof is bent. The same applies to the transmission link 17. 【0014】 The first driven link 13 includes three elements. That is, a first link element 13A to which the transmission link 17 is connected, a second link element 13B to which the flap 2 is connected, and a third link element 13C that connects the first link element 13A and the second link element 13B. The first link element 13A, the second link element 13B, and the third link element 13C each have a straight shape, but the third link element 13C intersects the first link element 13A, and the third link element 13C intersects the second link element 13B. The first link element 13A and the third link element 13C are connected in an L shape, and the second link element 13B and the third link element 13C are connected in a T shape. 【0015】 In the deployed position, a part of the first driven link 13 functions as a flap. Specifically, the second link element 13B constitutes the flap 2 together with the first flap element 5. Therefore, the second link element 13B constitutes the second flap element 6. 【0016】 Next, the connection state of each link member will be described. Here, the connection of the link members means that they form a pair of rotations and are connected to each other so as to be swingable. The driving link 11 is fixed to the driving shaft 3 and swings within a predetermined rotation angle range about the driving shaft 3 by the forward or reverse rotation of the driving shaft 3. The driving shaft 3 is rotatably supported with respect to the main wing 50. 【0017】 On the driving link 11, a transmission link 17 is pin-connected by a first pin 21 at one of its ends. The transmission link 17 is connected to the second driven link 15 by a second pin 22 at the other end, and is further connected to the third link element 13C of the first driven link 13 by a third pin 23. The first driven link 13 is pin-connected to the main wing 50 by a fourth pin 24. Therefore, there is a fixed link in the link mechanism 10 between the driving shaft 3 and the first driven link 13. One end of the second driven link 15 is connected to the transmission link 17 by a second pin 22, and the other end is connected to the connecting arm 5B of the flap 2 by a fifth pin 25. For the flap 2, one end, i.e., the connecting arm 5B, is connected to the second driven link 15 by a fifth pin 25, and the other end of the flap body 5A is connected to the first driven link 13 by a sixth pin 26. 【0018】 The general operation of the link mechanism 10 will be described. To extend the flap 2, the driving shaft 3 is rotated counterclockwise (in the direction of the arrow in the figure). Then, since the driving link 11 rotates counterclockwise, the transmission link 17 is displaced toward the left side in the figure. When the transmission link 17 is displaced toward the left side, the first driven link 13 is rotated clockwise in the figure via the third pin 23. Along with this rotation, the first flap element 5 connected to the second link element 13B of the first driven link 13 via the sixth pin 26 also rotates clockwise. Since the connecting arm 5B of the first flap element 5 is connected to the second driven link 15, the first flap element 5 rotates clockwise for extension while being constrained by the second driven link 15. As described above, the link mechanism 10 converts the rotational motion of the driving shaft 3 into the extension motion of the flap 2 via two link members, i.e., the first driven link 13 and the second driven link 15. The transmission link 17 is connected to both the first driven link 13 and the second driven link 15, thereby realizing the swinging motion of the first flap element 5 and the second flap element 6 (the second link element 13B) for the rotational motion of the driving shaft 3. 【0019】 [Interference Avoidance Aperture with Link Mechanism 10 in Main Wing 50: Refer to Figure 3] In the process of rotating the flap 2 to the deployment position by the link mechanism 10, it is assumed that the link members constituting the link mechanism 10 interfere with the main wing 50. To avoid interference with the main wing 50, the rotation angle can be suppressed, but in that case, sufficient lift force by the flap 2 cannot be obtained, and in addition, leading-edge contamination cannot be dealt with. Therefore, in order to avoid interference with the link mechanism 10, the main wing 50 is provided with an interference avoidance aperture 53 at a necessary part of the leading edge 51 of the main wing 50. 【0020】 The interference avoidance aperture 53 is formed so as to penetrate through from the front to the back on the lower surface side of the leading edge 51 of the main wing 50. The interference avoidance aperture 53 is formed along the width direction W of the main wing 50. The opening dimensions in the width direction W (refer to Figure 3) and the wing length direction L (refer to Figure 3) are determined so that the link mechanism 10 does not interfere with the main wing 50 even when the link mechanism 10 reaches the deployment position. 【0021】 It is preferable that the entire interference avoidance aperture 53 is provided below the stagnation point 59 at the leading edge 51 of the main wing 50. The interference avoidance aperture 53 and the flap 2 in the standby state form unevenness on the surface of the main wing 50. If the interference avoidance aperture 53 is provided below the stagnation point, these unevenness can be excluded from the upper surface 58 side, which can contribute to the laminar flow of the upper surface 58. 【0022】 [Extension Operation of Link Mechanism 10: Refer to Figures 4 to 6] Next, the extension operation of the link mechanism 10 will be described. In Figures 4 to 6, S01 indicates the standby position, S02 indicates the intermediate position, and S03 indicates the deployment position. In the standby position (S01), when the driving shaft 3 is rotated, the driving link 11 rotates counterclockwise, and the transmission link 17 rotates the first driven link 13 and the second driven link 15 clockwise respectively. The first flap element 5 is connected to the first driven link 13 and the second driven link 15, and is rotated clockwise while being supported by the first driven link 13 and the second driven link 15 (S02). At this time, the second link element 13B constituting the second flap element 6 also rotates. Further rotate the driving shaft 3 until the driving link 11 and the transmission link 17 are in a straight line (S03). Then, the first flap configuration surface 5C of the first flap element 5 and the second flap configuration surface 13D of the second link element 13B are flush with each other to reach the deployment position where the flap surface 4 is formed. In the deployment position, since the transmission link 17 is inserted into the interference avoidance opening 53 of the leading edge 51 (Fig. 6 S03), it is possible to avoid the transmission link 17 interfering with the leading edge 51. 【0023】 [Effects achieved by the high-lift device 1] The high-lift device 1 is provided with an interference avoidance opening 53 in the main wing 50 into which the transmission link 17, which is one of its elements, is inserted in the deployment position of the link mechanism 10. Therefore, according to the high-lift device 1, the flap 2 can be extended until the maximum lift is obtained, so that the performance of the flap 2 can be fully exerted. In addition, according to the high-lift device 1, leading edge contamination can be prevented. 【0024】 Since the link mechanism 10 of the high-lift device 1 has only one driving shaft 3, the mechanical structure is simple and the weight can be reduced. Therefore, according to the high-lift device 1, it can be applied not only to large aircraft but also to medium and small aircraft. 【0025】 The high-lift device 1 has a flap 2 composed of two elements, a first flap element 5 and a second flap element 6. In the standby position, the first flap element 5 and the second flap element 6 are folded. The first flap element 5 is stored inside a storage compartment 55 of the main wing 50, and the second flap element 6 forms part of the lower surface 57 of the main wing 50. On the other hand, during deployment, the first flap configuration surface 5C and the second flap configuration surface 13D are flush with each other, enabling the generation of high lift. Therefore, the high-lift device 1 can be applied to medium and small-sized aircraft with a narrow storage space or to the outer wing section as well. 【0026】 [Opening and closing of the interference avoidance opening 53: See FIGS. 7 and 8] When the high-lift device 1 is in the standby position, it is desirable that the interference avoidance opening 53 is closed. Therefore, in the present embodiment, preferably, an opening and closing body 60 for opening and closing the interference avoidance opening 53 is provided. Hereinafter, some examples of the opening and closing body 60 will be described. Although the opening and closing bodies 61, 62, 63, and 64 are illustrated, they are collectively referred to as the opening and closing body 60. 【0027】 The opening and closing body 61 extends one end of the second flap element 6. When the illustrated flap 2 is in the deployed position, the opening and closing body 61 moves away from the interference avoidance opening 53, opening the interference avoidance opening 53. The opening and closing body 61 closes the interference avoidance opening 53 when the flap 2 is in the standby position. And as the flap 2 moves from the standby position to the deployed position, the opening and closing body 61 that had closed the interference avoidance opening 53 opens the interference avoidance opening 53 by moving away from the interference avoidance opening 53. 【0028】 The opening and closing body 62 is composed of a door that swings as shown by the double arrows. The opening and closing body 62 moves outward toward the leading edge 51. When the illustrated flap 2 is in the deployed position, the opening / closing body 62 moves away from the interference avoidance opening 53 and opens the interference avoidance opening 53. When the flap 2 is in the standby position, the opening / closing body 62 closes the interference avoidance opening 53. As the flap 2 moves from the standby position to the deployed position, the opening / closing body 62 rotates clockwise in the figure, moves away from the interference avoidance opening 53, and opens the interference avoidance opening 53. On the other hand, as the flap 2 moves from the deployed position to the standby position, the opening / closing body 62 rotates counterclockwise in the figure and closes the interference avoidance opening 53. 【0029】 A specific example of the opening / closing body 62 is shown above in FIG. 8. The opening / closing body 62 includes a door 62A, first support links 62B, 62B that support the door 62A at one end on the upper side in the figure by a rotary pair, and second support links 62C, 62C that support the door 62A at one end on the lower side in the figure by a rotary pair. The first support links 62B, 62B and the second support links 62C, 62C are supported at the other end by a rotary pair with respect to any structure of the wing 50. In this way, the opening / closing body 62 constitutes a four-bar link mechanism, particularly a link mechanism in which the first support links 62B, 62B and the second support links 62C, 62C swing. 【0030】 The link mechanism 10 is actuated from the standby position toward the deployed position. Then, the transmission link 17 pushes up the lower end 62F of the door 62A, so that the door 62A moves away from the interference avoidance opening 53 and the interference avoidance opening 53 is opened. When the transmission link 17 returns to the standby position, the door 62A returns to the position where it closes the interference avoidance opening 53 by gravity. In order to smoothly return the door 62A to the position where it closes the interference avoidance opening 53 when returning to the standby position, for example, a torsion spring 62D can be provided on the second support links 62C, 62C. The torsion spring 62D applies a load to the second support links 62C, 62C counterclockwise in the figure. The torsion spring 62D also applies to the next opening / closing body 63. The lower end 62F of the door 62A is pushed up by the transmission link 17. To reduce the resistance thereof, a roller 62E can be provided at the lower end 62F. This roller 62E also applies to the next opening / closing body 63. 【0031】 The opening / closing body 63 consists of a shutter that moves up and down as indicated by the double arrows. When the illustrated flap 2 is in the deployed position, the opening / closing body 63 moves away from the interference avoidance opening 53 and opens the interference avoidance opening 53. When the flap 2 is in the standby position, the opening / closing body 63 closes the interference avoidance opening 53. As the flap 2 moves from the standby position to the deployed position, the opening / closing body 62 moves upward in the figure, moves away from the interference avoidance opening 53, and opens the interference avoidance opening 53. On the other hand, as the flap 2 moves from the deployed position to the standby position, the opening / closing body 62 moves downward in the figure and closes the interference avoidance opening 53. 【0032】 A specific example of the opening / closing body 63 is shown on the lower side of FIG. 8. The opening / closing body 63 includes a shutter 63A, a pair of swing arms 63B, 63B that support the shutter 63A, and a pair of guides 63C, 63C that guide the movement path of the shutter 63A. The swing arms 63B, 63B are supported by a rotational pair with respect to any structure of the wing 50. 【0033】 Operate the link mechanism 10 from the standby position toward the deployed position. Then, the transmission link 17 pushes up the lower end 63F of the shutter 63A, so that the shutter 63A moves away from the interference avoidance opening 53 and the interference avoidance opening 53 is opened. When the transmission link 17 returns to the standby position, the shutter 63A returns to the position where it closes the interference avoidance opening 53 by gravity. 【0034】 The opening / closing body 64 is composed of, for example, a pair of rubber seals 64A and 64B. As shown by the solid lines in the figure, the pair of seals 64A and 64B closes the interference avoidance opening 53. Each of the seals 64A and 64B is cantilever-supported facing the interference avoidance opening 53. Since the seals 64A and 64B can be easily elastically deformed, for example, when the transmission link 17 presses the seals 64A and 64B, the seals 64A and 64B bend, allowing the transmission link 17 to enter the interference avoidance opening 53. 【0035】 The opening / closing body 60 described above is common in that when the flap 2 is in the standby position, it closes the interference avoidance opening 53, and when the flap 2 is in the deployed position, it opens the interference avoidance opening 53. Moreover, these opening / closing bodies 60 are also common in that they open the interference avoidance opening 53 as the flap 2 moves from the standby position to the deployed position, and close the interference avoidance opening 53 as the flap 2 moves from the deployed position to the standby position. 【0036】 [Supplementary Note] The present disclosure can be understood as follows. [Supplementary Note 1] The high-lift device (1) of the present disclosure has a wing (50), a flap (2) that is stored in a storage compartment (55) connected to the leading edge (51) of the wing (50) and extends forward of the leading edge (51), and a link mechanism (10) that moves the flap (2) between a standby position stored in the storage compartment (55) and a deployed position extending forward. The leading edge (51) of the wing (50) has an interference avoidance opening (53) through which link members (17) constituting the link mechanism (10) enter and exit when moving between the standby position and the deployed position. 【0037】 [Supplementary Note 2] The link mechanism (10) in Supplementary Note 1 is preferably The driving link (11), the first driven link (13) and the second driven link (15), and a transmission link (17) that connects the driving link (11) and the first driven link (13) and also connects the driving link (11) and the second driven link (15). Due to the swinging motion of the driving link (11), the first driven link (13) and the second driven link (15) perform swinging motions. The transmission link (17) enters and exits the interference avoidance opening (53). 【0038】 [Appendix 3] In Appendix 2, the flap (2) preferably comprises a first flap element (5) connected to both the first driven link (13) and the second driven link (15) by pin joints, and a second flap element (6) that forms part of the first driven link (13). 【0039】 [Appendix 4] In Appendix 3, preferably in the standby position the first flap element (5) and the second flap element (6) are folded, the first flap element (5) is stored in the storage compartment (55), and the second flap element (6) forms part of the lower surface (57) of the wing (50). in the deployed position the first flap element (5) and the second flap element (6) are extended in front of the leading edge (51) to form a flush flap surface (4). 【0040】 [Appendix 5] In the lift device (1) according to any one of Appendices 1 to 4, preferably in the standby position, the interference avoidance opening (53) is closed, and in the deployed position, an opening and closing body (60) that opens the interference avoidance opening (53) is provided. This opening and closing body (60) preferably has the flap (2) close the interference avoidance opening (53) in the standby position, and has the flap (2) open the interference avoidance opening (53) in the deployed position. 【0041】 [Appendix 6] In Appendix 5, the opening / closing body (60) preferably opens the interference avoidance opening (53) as it moves from the standby position to the deployment position of the flap (2), and closes the interference avoidance opening (53) as the flap (2) moves from the deployment position to the standby position. 【0042】 In addition to the above, it is possible to select and choose the configurations described in the above embodiments, or to appropriately modify them to other configurations. 【Explanation of Signs】 【0043】 1 High-lift device 2 Flap 3 Driving shaft 4 Flap surface 5 First flap element 5A Flap body 5B Connecting arm 5C First flap configuration surface 6 Second flap element 10 Link mechanism 11 Driving link 13 First driven link 13A First link element 13B Second link element 13C Third link element 13D Second flap configuration surface 15 Second driven link 17 Transmission link 21 First pin 22 Second pin 23 Third pin 24 Fourth pin 25 Fifth pin 26 Sixth pin 50 Main wing 51 Leading edge 53 Interference avoidance opening 55 Storage 57 Lower surface 58 Upper surface 59 Sag point Open / close bodies 60, 61, 62, 63, 64 Door 62A First support link 62B Second support link 62C Torsion spring 62D Roller 62E Lower end 62F Shutter 63A Swing arm 63B Guide 63C

Claims

[Claim 1] Wings and, A flap is stored in a bay connected to the leading edge of the wing and extends forward of the leading edge, A link mechanism for moving the flap between a standby position where it is stored in the aforementioned hangar and a deployed position where it is extended forward, An interference avoidance opening is provided on the leading edge of the wing, through which the link member constituting the link mechanism moves in and out when moving between the standby position and the deployed position, The system includes an opening / closing body that opens or closes the interference avoidance opening, The opening and closing body is As the flap moves from the standby position to the deployed position, it comes into contact with the link member, and the pushing force of the link member opens the interference avoidance opening, and, A high-lift device that closes the interference avoidance opening as the flap moves from the deployed position to the standby position. [Claim 2] The aforementioned link mechanism is It comprises a driving link, a first driven link and a second driven link, and a transmission link that connects the driving link and the first driven link, and also connects the driving link and the second driven link. The first driven link and the second driven link oscillate due to the oscillating motion of the driving link. The transmission link enters and exits the interference avoidance opening. The high-lift device according to claim 1. [Claim 3] The aforementioned flap is A first flap element is connected to both the first driven link and the second driven link by pin coupling, The device comprises a second flap element that forms part of the first driven link, The high-lift device according to claim 2. [Claim 4] In the aforementioned standby position, The first flap element and the second flap element are folded, the first flap element is stored in the bay, and the second flap element forms part of the lower surface of the wing. At the aforementioned deployment position, The first flap element and the second flap element are extended in front of the leading edge, forming a flush flap surface. The high-lift device according to claim 3. [Claim 5] The lower end of the opening / closing body is provided with a roller that contacts the link member, The high-lift device according to claim 1. [Claim 6] The opening and closing body comprises an elastic body for closing the interference avoidance opening, The high-lift device according to claim 1. [Claim 7] The opening and closing body is a pair of seals that are cantilevered facing the interference avoidance opening and are elastically deformable when pressed by the link member. The high-lift device according to claim 1.

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