Method for producing composite material and method for producing coated article

Abstract

To provide a novel method for producing a composite material.SOLUTION: The method for producing a composite material of the present invention comprises a step of melt-kneading raw material components containing an ion-crosslinkable polymer, an ion-crosslinking agent, and an environmentally degradable resin by using a kneading device to yield a solid composite material.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for producing a composite material and a method for producing a coating. [Background technology]

[0002] Various developments have been made so far regarding methods for manufacturing composite materials. For example, the technique described in Patent Document 1 is known as this type of technique. Patent Document 1 describes that a marine biodegradation accelerator is prepared by kneading hydrophobic alginate particles, the surfaces of which have been hydrophobized, into a biodegradable resin at 140°C, and then press-molding the mixture at 150°C to produce a film (a resin molded product) (paragraphs 0189, 0230, etc.). Patent Document 1 also describes that the resin or the resin and the marine biodegradation accelerator in the resin composition may be melted by heat, and then molding may be carried out (paragraph 0180, etc.). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 2021-191810 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The present inventors have investigated a new method for producing a resin composition that differs from the method described in Patent Document 1 above. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] Further investigation by the present inventors has revealed that The present inventors have discovered a method for producing a solid composite material containing an ionically crosslinkable polymer, an ionically crosslinking agent, and an environmentally degradable resin, and a method for obtaining a liquid composite material containing an ionically crosslinkable polymer, an ionically crosslinking agent, and an environmentally degradable resin, and have completed the present invention.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, there are provided the following methods for producing a composite material and a coating. 1. A method for producing a composite material in a solid state by melt-kneading raw material components including an ionically cross-linkable polymer, an ionically cross-linking agent, and an environmentally degradable resin using a kneading device, Composite material manufacturing methods. 2. A method for producing the composite material described in 1., The method for producing a composite material, wherein the temperature during the melt-kneading is 50°C to 300°C. 3. A method for producing a liquid composite material comprising an ionically crosslinkable polymer, an ionically crosslinking agent, and an environmentally degradable resin, comprising: The method includes a step of producing a resin-containing solution containing raw material components including at least the environmentally decomposable resin and a solvent, The ionically crosslinkable polymer and the ionically crosslinking agent are each added to the raw ingredients prior to mixing of the ingredients with the solvent, or Adding to the prepared resin-containing solution, Composite material manufacturing methods. 4. A method for producing the composite material according to 3., In the method for producing a composite material, the step of producing the resin-containing solution comprises mixing a solid resin composition containing at least the environmentally degradable resin with the solvent to obtain the resin-containing solution. 5. A method for producing a composite material according to any one of 1. to 4., No water addition treatment is performed to add water other than adsorption water and crystal water, A method for producing a composite material, wherein the raw material components have a moisture content of 25% by mass or less based on 100% by mass of the raw material components. 6. A method for producing a composite material according to any one of 1. to 5., A water addition treatment is performed by adding water other than adsorbed water and water of crystallization to the raw material components under the condition that the amount of water added is 50% by mass or less relative to 100% by mass of the raw material components. Composite material manufacturing methods. 7. A method for producing a composite material according to any one of 1. to 6., A method for producing a composite material, wherein at least one of the ionically crosslinkable polymer and the ionically crosslinking agent exhibits a weight loss of TGDTA of 0.01% by mass or more at 30°C to 250°C. 8. A method for producing a composite material according to any one of 1. to 7., The method for producing a composite material, wherein the raw material components include an inorganic filler. 9. A method for producing a composite material according to any one of 1. to 8., The ionically crosslinkable polymer is in a powder or liquid form, and The method for producing a composite material, wherein the ionic crosslinking agent is in powder or liquid form. 10. A method for producing a composite material according to any one of 1. to 9., A method for producing a composite material, wherein the raw material components include one or more selected from the group consisting of (X) a hydrate of the ionic crosslinking agent, (Y) an inorganic hydrate, and (Z) an aqueous solution of a water-soluble inorganic acid component that undergoes thermal polymerization. 11. A method for producing a composite material according to any one of 1. to 10., The ionically crosslinkable polymer contains at least one of the following components (A) and (B): When the ionically crosslinkable polymer contains the following component (A), the ionically crosslinking agent contains one or more selected from the group consisting of the following components (B), (C), and (D), A method for producing a composite material, wherein when the ionically crosslinkable polymer contains the following component (B), the ionically crosslinking agent contains one or more selected from the group consisting of the following components (A), (C), and (D). (A) a polyanion having a monovalent or divalent or higher anionic group, or a salt containing the polyanion (B) A polycation having a monovalent or divalent or higher cationic group, or a salt containing the polycation (C) Inorganic cations having monovalent or divalent or higher cations, or salts containing one or more of the inorganic cations (D) An anionic monomer having a monovalent or divalent or higher anionic group, or an acid containing such an anionic monomer 12. A method for producing a coated object, comprising the step of coating an object with a composite material obtained by the method for producing a composite material described in any one of 1. to 11., to obtain a coated object. 13. A method for producing a coating according to 12, comprising the steps of: The method for producing a coated object, wherein the object to be coated is at least one of a fertilizer and an agricultural chemical. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] The present invention provides a novel method for producing composite materials and coatings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0008] A method for producing the composite material of this embodiment will be described.

[0009] The method for producing a composite material of this embodiment is a method for obtaining a composite resin material by mixing an ionically crosslinkable polymer, an ionically crosslinking agent, and an environmentally degradable resin.

[0010] The resulting composite material can be used for a variety of purposes, but is preferably used as a coating material, a film material, or the like. The coating material may be any material that covers at least a part or the entire surface of the object to be coated, and may form a single layer or multiple layers on the surface of the object to be coated.

[0011] The object to be coated is not particularly limited as long as it utilizes the properties of the coating layer. The properties of the coating layer include, for example, the ability to allow water or air to pass through from the outside to an appropriate degree and / or the ability to protect the inside from external stimuli. An example of a coating target is a water-soluble substance that can release its encapsulated components from the inside to the outside of a layer made of a composite material formed on the surface by utilizing its water permeability. Examples of water-soluble substances include agriculturally active ingredients such as fertilizers and pesticides.

[0012] The method for producing a coated article of this embodiment includes a step of coating an object with a composite material obtained by a method for producing a composite material, which will be described later, to obtain a coated article.

[0013] As the coating method, known methods for coating the surface of solid particles can be used, and examples thereof include chemical methods such as a non-aqueous wet method, an aqueous wet method, a gas phase reaction method, and a mechachemical method, and physical methods such as a mechanical surface treatment method, a laser ablation method, an air suspension coating method, and a spray drying method. When coating particles with a composite material, it is preferable to use a fluidized bed granulation method or a tumbling granulation method. When producing particles of a composite material, it can be used in a spray drying method. When applying to such a production method, it is preferable to use a liquid composite material. However, when using a solid composite material, it is also possible to use a varnish made by dissolving it in a solvent. The shape of the object to be coated in the coating method is not particularly limited, and may be powder, granules, pellets, briquettes, or any other shape, with spherical shapes being preferred.

[0014] Hereinafter, a method for obtaining a solid composite material will be specifically described as the production method of the first embodiment, and a method for obtaining a liquid composite material will be specifically described as the production method of the second embodiment.

[0015] An example of a method for producing the composite material of the first embodiment is The method includes a step of melt-kneading raw material components including an ionically cross-linkable polymer, an ionically cross-linking agent, and an environmentally degradable resin using a kneading device to obtain a solid composite material.

[0016] The process for obtaining a solid composite material may include, for example, a melt-kneading process for melt-kneading the above-mentioned raw material components to produce a melt-kneaded product, and a molding process for molding the obtained melt-kneaded product to produce a composite material having a predetermined shape.

[0017] The order in which the raw material components are supplied to the kneading device is not particularly limited, but an ionically crosslinkable polymer or an ionically crosslinking agent may be added together with the environmentally degradable resin. If necessary, additives other than the environmentally degradable resin, the ionically crosslinkable polymer, and the ionically crosslinking agent may be added as raw material components.

[0018] The environmentally degradable resin to be supplied is preferably in the form of a solid such as powder or pellets. The solid environmentally degradable resin that can be used is one that melts when melt-kneaded.

[0019] The temperature during melt kneading can be adjusted depending on the melting point or softening point of the environmentally degradable resin used, and may be, for example, 50 to 300°C, preferably 70 to 290°C, and more preferably 90 to 280°C. In this specification, unless otherwise specified, the symbol "to" indicates that the upper and lower limits are included.

[0020] Examples of kneading devices used for melt kneading include extruders such as single-screw kneading extruders and twin-screw kneading extruders, Banbury mixers (batch kneaders), planetary mixers, roll mills, kneaders, and the like.

[0021] During melt-kneading, water addition treatment may be carried out, but when the environmentally degradable resin is in a solid form, it is preferable not to carry out water addition treatment. When the water addition treatment is not performed, the water contained in the raw material components includes adsorbed water and crystallization water. When the water addition treatment is performed, the water contained in the raw material components includes water other than adsorbed water and crystallization water, but may also include adsorbed water and crystallization water. The content of adsorbed water and crystal water can be calculated from the weight loss of TGDTA in the measurement temperature range of 30°C to 250°C.

[0022] The lower limit of the weight loss of TGDTA in at least one of the ionically crosslinkable polymer and the ionically crosslinking agent at 30°C to 250°C is, for example, 0.01% by mass or more, preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and more preferably 1% by mass or more. On the other hand, the upper limit of the weight loss of the TGDTA in at least one of the ionically crosslinkable polymer and the ionically crosslinking agent is not particularly limited, but may be 75% by mass or less. The amount of weight loss of TGDTA can be used as a measure of the amount of adsorbed water or crystallization water contained.

[0023] When water addition treatment is not performed, the upper limit of the water content in the raw material ingredients in the kneading device may be, for example, 25% by mass or less, 20% by mass or less, 15% by mass or less, or 10% by mass or less, based on 100% by mass of the raw material ingredients. On the other hand, the lower limit of the water content in the raw material ingredients may be, for example, 0.1% by mass or more. The water content in the raw material ingredients can include adsorbed water and water of crystallization as the water contained in each component of the raw material ingredients. In order to adjust the content of adsorbed water or crystallization water, one or more of the raw material components to be fed to the kneading device may be subjected to a drying treatment before being fed.

[0024] Furthermore, when a water addition treatment is carried out, the upper limit of the water content in the raw material components in the kneading device is, for example, 75% by mass or less, preferably 70% by mass or less, more preferably 65% ​​by mass or less, and even more preferably 60% by mass or less, based on 100% by mass of the raw material components. Here, the water addition treatment can be performed by adding water other than adsorbed water and crystallization water to the raw material components under conditions such that, for example, 50% by mass or less, preferably 40% by mass or less, and more preferably 30% by mass or less is added to the raw material components 100% by mass. Specifically, in the water addition treatment, water such as distilled water, ion-exchanged water, or ultrapure water can be supplied to the kneading device separately from the raw material components.

[0025] The melt-kneaded product obtained by the above melt-kneading can be cooled and then molded.

[0026] Examples of the cooling method include a method of cooling a mold, a method using a cooling roll, a method of contacting with metal, a method using air or mist, and a method of immersion in water.

[0027] The above molding process produces a solid composite material in the form of powder, granules, pellets, briquettes (lumps, bricks), crushed pieces (flakes), strands (filaments), rods, sheets, or the like.

[0028] As a molding method, known methods can be used depending on the shape. Powders or granules can be produced by pulverizing or cutting the melt-kneaded product, and if necessary, treatment such as classification may be carried out. The pellets can be produced by, for example, cutting a strand obtained by extruding the molten mixture through a die. Briquettes can be produced by compressing and molding the powder or granules, or by molding the melt-kneaded mixture in a mold. The melt-kneaded material can be formed into a film or sheet by calendering, T-die extrusion, cast molding, lamination molding or the like. The flakes can be produced by forming the melt-kneaded material into a film or sheet shape, and then breaking or cutting the film or sheet.

[0029] A modification of the manufacturing method of the first embodiment will be described. Although each component may be introduced into the kneading device individually, a premix of at least two or more components contained in the raw material components may be introduced into the kneading device before kneading the raw material components. Note that other components may be introduced into the kneading device together with this premix. Other additives include inorganic fillers, surfactants, sizing agents, hydrophobic substances, functional additives, etc. These may be contained alone or in any combination of two or more.

[0030] For example, the following examples of pre-mixtures 1 to 4 may be fed to the kneading device. Premix 1 is a mixture of an ionically crosslinkable polymer and an ionically crosslinking agent, Premix 2 is a mixture of an ionically crosslinkable polymer, an ionically crosslinking agent, and at least one other additive such as an inorganic filler, Premix 3 is a mixture of an environmentally degradable resin and at least one other additive, and Premix 4 is a mixture of all the raw material ingredients used.

[0031] An example of a method for producing the composite material of the second embodiment is A method for producing a liquid composite material comprising an ionically crosslinkable polymer, an ionically crosslinking agent, and an environmentally degradable resin, the method comprising: The method includes a step of producing a resin-containing solution containing raw material components including at least an environmentally degradable resin and a solvent, The ionically crosslinkable polymer and the ionically crosslinking agent are each added to the ingredients prior to mixing with the solvent, or It is added to the produced resin-containing solution.

[0032] Furthermore, one or more other additives selected from the group consisting of inorganic fillers, surfactants, sizing agents, hydrophobic substances, and functional additives may be added to the raw material components before mixing the raw material components with the solvent, or may be added to the produced resin-containing solution.

[0033] The manufacturing method of the second embodiment is not limited to the above, and may also include a step of mixing solid or liquid raw material components including an ionically crosslinkable polymer, an ionically crosslinking agent, and an environmentally degradable resin with a solvent to obtain a liquid composite material. The production method of the second embodiment may also include a step of mixing the solid composite material obtained in the first embodiment with a solvent to obtain a liquid composite material.

[0034] In the step of obtaining a liquid composite material, the order in which the components contained in the raw material ingredients are mixed with the solvent is not particularly limited. For example, the second embodiment includes, but is not limited to, any of the following methods (j1) to (j6) for obtaining a liquid composite material (resin varnish):

[0035] The following methods (j1) to (j3) are methods in which a mixture of raw material components is given a predetermined shape and then mixed with a solvent. On the other hand, the following methods (j4) to (j6) are methods for obtaining a mixture of raw material components and a solvent without giving a predetermined shape to the mixture of raw material components.

[0036] (j1) The melt-kneaded product obtained by the manufacturing method of the first embodiment may be molded using a known molding method, and the solid composite material thus obtained may be mixed with a solvent. (j2) A solid composite material obtained by heating and compressing raw material components including an ionically crosslinkable polymer, an ionically crosslinking agent, and an environmentally degradable resin (without melt-kneading) may be mixed with a solvent. In this case, a tablet-shaped solid composite material formed by compression molding or the like may be used. However, in the above (j1) and (j2), the solid composite material contains all of the above-mentioned raw material components. (j3) In a solid composite material produced by a method similar to (j1) or (j2) above, it is not necessary to include at least one or more of all of the raw material components used. A solid composite material containing some of the raw material components and other raw material components not included in the solid composite material may be mixed separately in a solvent. As an example, a solid composite material containing at least an ionically crosslinkable polymer, an ionically crosslinking agent, and an environmentally degradable resin may be mixed with a solvent together with other raw material components, such as one or more of the other additives described above. Note that the raw material components added separately to the solvent may or may not be included in the solid composite material. In (j1) to (j3), the solid composite material may be heated when it is dissolved in the solvent. The raw material components not contained in the solid composite material may be any of an ionically crosslinkable polymer, an ionically crosslinking agent, an environmentally degradable resin, and other additives. As a specific example, the step of producing the resin-containing solution may involve mixing a solid resin composition containing at least an environmentally degradable resin with a solvent to obtain the resin-containing solution.

[0037] (j4) All of the raw material components and the solvent may be added sequentially or simultaneously and mixed. (j5) At least one of the raw material components such as the environmentally degradable resin may be dissolved in a solvent, and then at least one of the remaining raw material components such as the ionically crosslinkable polymer and / or ionically crosslinking agent may be mixed therewith. (j6) All of the raw material components may be added sequentially or simultaneously, and the resulting mixture may be further mixed with a solvent. The order in which the raw material components are mixed is arbitrary. In steps (j4) to (j6), heating may not be performed, but heating may be performed when one or more of the raw material components are dissolved in the solvent. In (j4) to (j6), a mixture containing two or more raw material components but not containing a solvent may be heated if necessary.

[0038] In the step of obtaining a liquid composite material, the solvent may include a solvent having a boiling point of 30°C to 210°C. The solvent is preferably an organic solvent (non-aqueous solvent), and examples thereof include halogen-based solvents such as chloroform, trichloroethylene, dichloroethane, etc.; aromatic solvents such as toluene; aliphatic solvents such as hexane; alicyclic solvents such as cyclohexane; ketone-based solvents such as acetone and MEK; ester-based solvents such as ethyl acetate; and alcohol-based solvents such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, etc. These may be contained alone or in any combination of two or more.

[0039] The content of the solvent in the liquid composite material is, for example, 50 to 15,000 parts by mass, and preferably 100 to 10,000 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the raw material components.

[0040] The amount of water contained in the solvent is, for example, 10% by mass or less, preferably 5% by mass or less, and more preferably 3% by mass or less. The solvent may be substantially free of water. However, it is acceptable for water present in the atmosphere to dissolve in the solvent.

[0041] Note that an ionically crosslinked material may be generated by an ionically crosslinking reaction between the ionically crosslinkable polymer and the ionically crosslinking agent at any point in the process of obtaining the solid composite material of the first embodiment or at any point in the process of obtaining the liquid composite material of the second embodiment. Alternatively, such an ionically crosslinking reaction may be performed after the composite material is obtained.

[0042] In the method for producing a composite material of the first embodiment, a single-component resin composition containing "an ionically crosslinkable polymer, an ionically crosslinking agent, and an environmentally degradable resin" may be supplied to the kneading device, or a composition containing two or more components may be supplied. In addition, in the manufacturing method of the composite material of the second embodiment, a single-component resin composition may be supplied as the "raw material component containing at least an environmentally degradable resin," but a two-component or more-component composition may also be supplied. The order in which the two or more compositions are supplied is not particularly limited, and at least two or more of the two or more compositions may be premixed before being supplied.

[0043] (1) The one-component resin composition can contain the following four types of components, broadly classified. Ion-crosslinkable polymer Ionic Crosslinkers environmentally degradable resin Other additives (inorganic fillers, surfactants, sizing agents, hydrophobic substances, functional additives, etc.)

[0044] Hereinafter, each component may be referred to by its abbreviation. Ionically crosslinkable polymer: Component O Ionic crosslinker: Component P Environmentally degradable resin: Component Q Other additives: Component R Here, {} represents a set. Component O includes an exemplary collection of ionically crosslinkable polymers described below. Component P includes an exemplary collection of ionic crosslinkers described below. Component Q includes an exemplary collection of environmentally degradable resins described below. Component R (other additives) further includes the following set: R1: inorganic filler R2: Surfactant R3: Sizing agent R4: Hydrophobic substance R5: Functional additives Therefore, if we subdivide the "components {O, P, Q, R}", O, P, Q R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 There are a total of eight "component types" (O / P / Q / R1 / R2 / R3 / R4 / R5).

[0045] In this embodiment, the two or more compositions can be composed of two to five compositions, each of which is defined as follows. For multiple compositions of two or more drugs, the basic requirement is that the "union of each composition contains {O, P, Q, R}." (2) Two-drug composition First composition: Contains at least one of the components {O, P, Q, R}. Second composition: Contains at least one of the components {O, P, Q, R}. As long as the union of the components contained in the two compositions satisfies {O, P, Q, R}, some of the components may be in common or all of the components may be different. (3) Three-drug composition First composition: Contains at least one of the components {O, P, Q, R}. Second composition: Contains at least one of the components {O, P, Q, R}. Third composition: Contains at least one of the components {O, P, Q, R}. As long as the union of the components contained in the three compositions satisfies {O, P, Q, R}, some of the components may be in common or all of the components may be different. (4) Four-drug composition First to fourth compositions: Each contains at least one of the components {O, P, Q, R}. As long as the union of the components contained in the four compositions satisfies {O, P, Q, R}, some of them may be in common or all of them may be different. (5) Five-drug composition First to fifth compositions: Each contains at least one of the components {O, P, Q, R}. As long as the union of the components contained in the five compositions satisfies {O, P, Q, R}, some of them may be in common or all of them may be different.

[0046] In any of the two-part to five-part compositions, different component types may be combined, or different compounds within the same component type may be combined. If the component types are different, or if the component types are the same but the compounds are different, they are considered to be "different compositions." Example 1: Composition containing only O and composition containing P / Q / R Example 2: Composition containing O / P / Q / R1 and composition containing O / P / Q / R2 Example 3: Compositions Comprising O1 / P / Q / R and O2 / P / Q / R (where O1 and O2 are distinct compounds within an exemplary set of ionically crosslinkable polymers, belonging to the same component species but differing in composition) Furthermore, it is not necessary for each of the second to fifth compositions to contain component O; it is also acceptable for the first composition to contain component O while the other compositions do not. Furthermore, in any of the two-part to five-part compositions, the number of compound species may be the same as or greater than the number of component species. Example 1: In the case of a composition containing O / P / Q / R1, there are four compound types and four component types. Example 2: In the case of a composition containing O / P / R1 / R2, there are four compound types and four component types. Example 3: In the case of a composition containing O1 / O2 / P, there are three compound types and two component types. Furthermore, any one of the compositions from the second to fifth agents may contain at least one of a composition containing P, a composition containing Q, and a composition containing R. Furthermore, any of the compositions from the second to fifth agents may contain at least one composition that is specialized for R1 to R5 among R. When R4 is contained in multiple compositions, up to two compositions may contain R4 if there are three components, up to three compositions if there are four components, and up to four compositions if there are five components. However, the R4 contained in each composition may not be the same or may be a different compound. Furthermore, a composition containing R4 may also contain one or more components other than R4 from {O, P, Q, R}, or may contain one or more components from {P, Q, R1}. Each of the compositions of the first to fifth agents may contain components other than {O, P, Q, R}.

[0047] Regarding the combination of forms, the second agent comprises a first composition in any of {solid, liquid, viscous} form and a second composition in any of {solid, liquid, viscous} form; the third agent comprises a first composition in any of {solid, liquid, viscous} form, a second composition in any of {solid, liquid, viscous} form, and a third composition in any of {solid, liquid, viscous} form; and the fourth agent comprises a first composition in any of {solid, liquid, viscous} form and a second composition in any of {solid, liquid, viscous} form. The fifth agent comprises a first composition in any of the forms {solid, liquid, viscous}, a second composition in any of the forms {solid, liquid, viscous}, a third composition in any of the forms {solid, liquid, viscous}, and a fourth composition in any of the forms {solid, liquid, viscous}, and a fifth agent comprises a first composition in any of the forms {solid, liquid, viscous}, a second composition in any of the forms {solid, liquid, viscous}, a third composition in any of the forms {solid, liquid, viscous}, a fourth composition in any of the forms {solid, liquid, viscous}, and a fifth composition in any of the forms {solid, liquid, viscous}. In a two-drug combination, two of the components may be in the same form, in a three-drug combination, three of the components may be in the same form, in a four-drug combination, four of the components may be in the same form, or five of the components may be in the same form.

[0048] Specific examples of the combination of compositions are as follows, but are not limited to these specific examples.

[0049] First composition: environmentally degradable resin / Second composition: ionically crosslinkable polymer, ionically crosslinking agent, other additives First composition: environmentally degradable resin, ionically crosslinkable polymer / Second composition: ionically crosslinking agent, other additives First composition: environmentally degradable resin, ionic crosslinking agent / Second composition: ionic crosslinking polymer, other additives First composition: environmentally degradable resin, ionic crosslinking agent, ionic crosslinkable polymer / Second composition: other additives First composition: environmentally degradable resin, ionic crosslinker, ionic crosslinkable polymer, inorganic filler / Second composition: other additives (excluding inorganic filler) In the above examples of each combination, at least one of the first composition and the second composition may further contain at least one of the components {O, P, Q, R}, or may contain components other than the four types.

[0050] The first composition may include at least an environmentally degradable resin, while the second composition may include at least a hydrophobic material. Furthermore, one or more selected from the group consisting of an ionically crosslinkable polymer, an ionically crosslinking agent, and an inorganic filler may be contained in either the first composition or the second composition, or in both. The second composition may also contain one or more selected from the group consisting of an antifoaming agent, a plasticizer, and a surface modifier for an inorganic filler. The first composition not containing a hydrophobic substance and the second composition containing a hydrophobic substance can be produced separately and, if necessary, stored or transported separately, thereby improving the ease of handling of both compositions. The above composition combinations are A combination of a first composition containing an ionically crosslinkable polymer, an ionically crosslinking agent, an environmentally degradable resin, and an inorganic filler with a second composition containing a hydrophobic material; A combination of a first composition containing an ionically crosslinkable polymer, an environmentally degradable resin, and an inorganic filler with a second composition containing an ionically crosslinking agent and a hydrophobic substance; A combination of a first composition including an environmentally degradable resin and an inorganic filler with a second composition including an ionically crosslinkable polymer, an ionically crosslinking agent, and a hydrophobic material; A combination of a first composition containing an ionic crosslinking agent, an environmentally degradable resin, and an inorganic filler with a second composition containing an ionically crosslinkable polymer and a hydrophobic material; It may include a combination of a first composition containing an ionic crosslinking agent, an ionically crosslinkable polymer, an environmentally degradable resin and an inorganic filler, and a second composition containing an ionically crosslinkable polymer and a hydrophobic substance. In another embodiment, the combination of compositions may also include a third composition, which may include another type of hydrophobic material. In another embodiment, the combination of compositions may also include a third composition and a fourth composition, each of which may include a different type of hydrophobic material than the other compositions. In another embodiment, the combination of compositions may include a third composition to a fifth composition, and each of the third composition to the fifth composition may contain a different type of hydrophobic substance from the other compositions.

[0051] Each component will be described in detail below.

[0052] The environmentally degradable resin can be any resin that is decomposed by the action of natural microorganisms such as bacteria, and partially or entirely becomes water, carbon dioxide, etc., and circulates back into nature, and is preferably a material that complies with the biodegradability test in accordance with ISO 14855-2 (JIS K 6953-2).Known environmentally degradable resins can be used.

[0053] The environmentally degradable resin includes an environmentally degradable resin A having a main chain but no side chains. The environmentally degradable resin A may contain one or more of the specific examples of environmentally degradable resins described below. Furthermore, the environmentally degradable resin may contain, in addition to the environmentally degradable resin A, an environmentally degradable resin B having a main chain and a side chain. In this specification, the main chain includes a structure in which one or more repeating units contained in the molecule of the environmentally degradable resin are bonded, and a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, or the like may be bonded to each of both ends of the main chain. On the other hand, the side chain includes a structure branched from a part of the main chain other than both ends. The side chain has one or more specific functional groups in at least one repeating unit in the main chain. The functional group is bonded to the carbon skeleton (carbon chain) that constitutes the side chain, and in the case of a functional group containing carbon atoms, the carbon atoms in the functional group may constitute at least a part or all of the carbon skeleton. Specific examples of functional groups include hydrophobic groups and hydrophilic groups, but preferably include at least a hydrophobic group. Hydrophobic groups may include hydrocarbon groups such as aliphatic hydrocarbon groups and aromatic hydrocarbon groups. Hydrophilic groups may include carboxylic acid groups, sulfonic acid groups, hydroxyl groups, and amino groups (however, groups consisting of "=O" directly bonded to carbon atoms in the main chain do not need to be included in the above-mentioned hydrophilic groups). An example of the environmentally degradable resin A may include an environmentally degradable resin having a main chain containing an ester structure but no side chain, and may be selected from, for example, aliphatic polyester resins other than polylactic acid, aromatic aliphatic polyester resins, etc. On the other hand, an example of the environmentally degradable resin B may include an environmentally degradable resin having a main chain and side chain containing an ester structure, and may be selected from, for example, polylactic acid, PHA resins, P3HB resins, etc. The environmentally degradable resin may contain other environmentally degradable resins than the environmentally degradable resin A and the environmentally degradable resin B, as long as the effect of the invention is not impaired.

[0054] Specific examples of environmentally degradable resins include biodegradable plastics, such as polyester resins such as aliphatic polyester resins, aromatic aliphatic polyester resins, and polyhydroxyalkanol (PHA) resins, and non-polyester resins such as natural polymers. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The aliphatic polyester resin, aromatic aliphatic polyester resin, and PHA resin may each be partially or entirely derived from biomass or petroleum-derived raw materials. The environmentally degradable resin may contain either a biomass-derived resin or a natural polymer alone, or may contain two or more of these, for example, a biomass-derived resin and a petroleum-derived resin. The aliphatic polyester resin may contain one or more of, for example, polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polyhydroxybutyrate, polycaprolactone (PCL), polybutylene succinate / adipate (PBSA), polymalic acid, polyglycolic acid (PGA), polydioxanone, poly(2-oxetanone), etc. The aliphatic polyester resin may contain any of these alone or may contain a copolymer containing two or more of these. The aromatic aliphatic polyester resin is a polyester resin having both an aromatic moiety and an aliphatic moiety, and may include, for example, one or more of polybutylene succinate / terephthalate (PBST), polybutylene adipate / terephthalate (PBAT), polytetramethylene adipate / terephthalate, polyethylene adipate terephthalate (PEAT), and the like. The PHA-based resin may include, for example, a P3HB-based resin containing polyhydroxyalkanoate and / or 3-hydroxybutyrate units. The P3HB-based resin may be a polymer containing only 3-hydroxybutyrate units, or may be a copolymer containing repeating units other than 3-hydroxybutyrate units. Specific examples of P3HB-based resins include poly3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate / 3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHB3HV), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB4HB), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate). The poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyoctanoate) (PHB4HB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyoctadecanoate) (PHB3HO), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyoctadecanoate) (PHB3HOD), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxydecanoate) (PHB3HD), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHB3HV3HH), and the like may be contained in one or more thereof. The natural polymer may include, for example, one or more of starch, cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose ester resin, starch, esterified starch, chitin, chitosan, gluten, gelatin, zein, soy protein, collagen, keratin, and the like. Without being limited thereto, the environmentally degradable resin may include, in addition to the above-mentioned polyester-based resins, polyamides having an ester structure in the main chain as environmentally degradable resins having a main chain containing an ester structure, and in addition to the above-mentioned natural polymers, non-polyester-based resins may include polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyamide 4 (PA4), biodegradable polycarbonates (PC) such as aliphatic polycarbonates, and the like.

[0055] Here, the environmentally degradable resin may contain the same type of aliphatic polyester resin, aromatic-aliphatic polyester resin, and PHA resin, or two or more different types. When containing different types, the environmentally degradable resin may include a combination of an aliphatic polyester resin and an aromatic-aliphatic polyester resin, a combination of an aliphatic polyester resin and a PHA resin, a combination of an aromatic-aliphatic polyester resin and a PHA resin, or a combination of an aliphatic polyester resin, an aromatic-aliphatic polyester resin, and a PHA resin. In this case, the PHA resin may include at least a P3HB resin, or may include only a P3HB resin. The environmentally degradable resin may contain the above-mentioned polyester resin alone, or may contain a polyester resin and a non-polyester resin, or a copolymer of a polyester resin and a non-polyester resin.

[0056] An ionically crosslinkable polymer is a polymer that has ionically crosslinking groups. On the other hand, the ionic crosslinking agent is an agent that itself serves as a crosslinking point for the ionic crosslinking reaction. The ionically crosslinkable polymer and the ionically crosslinking agent will be described in detail later.

[0057] The ionically crosslinkable polymer to be supplied may be in the form of a solid or liquid. The ionic crosslinking agent may be supplied in the form of a solid or liquid. The forms of the ionically crosslinkable polymer and the ionically crosslinking agent can be used in any combination, but a solid ionically crosslinkable polymer and a solid ionically crosslinking agent may be used, or a solid ionically crosslinkable polymer and a liquid ionically crosslinking agent may be used. The ionically crosslinkable polymer and the ionically crosslinking agent may each be supplied in one kind or in two or more kinds. The shape of at least one of the solid ionically crosslinkable polymer and the solid ionically crosslinking agent may include, for example, one or more shapes selected from the group consisting of granular, flat, fibrous, polyhedral, and irregular shapes. In this specification, unless otherwise specified, the form refers to that under normal temperature and pressure.

[0058] The ionically crosslinkable polymer preferably contains at least one of the following components (A) and (B). On the other hand, the ionic crosslinker is When the ionically crosslinkable polymer contains the following component (A), it is preferable that it contains one or more selected from the group consisting of the following components (B), (C), and (D): When the ionically crosslinkable polymer contains the following component (B), it preferably contains one or more selected from the group consisting of the following components (A), (C), and (D). (A) a polyanion having a monovalent or divalent or higher anionic group, or a salt containing the polyanion (B) A polycation having a monovalent or divalent or higher cationic group, or a salt containing the polycation (C) Inorganic cations having monovalent or divalent or higher cations, or salts containing one or more of the inorganic cations (D) An anionic monomer having a monovalent or divalent or higher anionic group, or an acid containing such an anionic monomer

[0059] In this specification, the valence in (A), (B), and (D) refers to the valence per ionic functional group (ionically dissociating group) contained in the monomer or polymer. Taking the example of an ionic functional group in the side chain of a polymer (macromolecule), carboxylic acid is monovalent, and dicarboxylic acid (oxalic acid, fumaric acid, etc.) is divalent. Meanwhile, in the case of (C), sodium ions are monovalent, and calcium ions are divalent. To give a specific example, polyacrylic acid polymers are classified as "polyanions having monovalent anionic groups," and alkylphosphonic acid polymers are classified as "polyanions having divalent anionic groups." In addition, in polyacrylic acid or a polymer containing acrylic acid as a component, when acrylic acid forms a calcium salt, it is classified as a "salt containing a polyanion" in which the monovalent anion group forms a salt with a divalent cation. Furthermore, in a polymer containing phosphonic acid as a constituent element, when the phosphonic acid forms a sodium salt, the polymer is classified as a "salt containing a polyanion" in which the divalent anion group forms a salt with a monovalent cation. Basically, a polymer whose main chain has a repeating structural unit α with an anionic group is called a "polyanion" (polymeric anion). On the other hand, a polymer whose main chain has a repeating structural unit β with a cationic group is called a "polycation" (polymeric cation). However, when the main chain of a polymer contains repeating structural units α and β, a polymer whose molecule contains the same or more repeating structural units α than the number of repeating structural units β is called a "polyanion," and conversely, a polymer whose molecule contains more repeating structural units β than the number of repeating structural units α is called a "polycation." A monomer that has an anionic group but does not have a repeating structural unit α having an anionic group is referred to as an "anionic monomer."

[0060] (A) "Polyanion having monovalent or divalent or higher anionic groups" preferably includes one or more polyanions A1 selected from the group consisting of polysaccharides containing at least one of carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, and phosphoric acid in the molecule, and complex carbohydrates containing polysaccharides. The polyanion A1 preferably includes at least one of carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid.

[0061] As used herein, a monosaccharide is a sugar composed of one type of sugar. Examples of sugars include glucose, mannose, galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine, xylose, sialic acid, glucuronic acid, iduronic acid, fucose, maltose, trehalose, and lactose. In this specification, a polysaccharide is a saccharide formed by glycosidic bonds between two or more monosaccharides. A polysaccharide may be a homopolysaccharide, which has only one type of monosaccharide, or a heteropolysaccharide (sometimes called a complex polysaccharide), which has two or more types of monosaccharides. Furthermore, the polysaccharide may be any polysaccharide as long as it has a sugar chain (main chain) consisting of a repeating structure of structural units derived from monosaccharides, and functional groups may or may not be formed on the side chains of the sugar chain. Examples of functional groups formed on the side chains include polar functional groups such as a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, an amide group, an acetyl group, an acetylamide group, and an amino group. As used herein, a glycoconjugate is a complex in which a polysaccharide is covalently bonded to other biological compounds other than sugars, such as proteins, lipids, peptides, etc. Examples of glycoconjugates include biopolymers such as glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycolipids.

[0062] The polysaccharide in the polyanion A1 may include, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of alginic acid, carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, homogalacturonan, and glycosaminoglycan. Furthermore, the complex carbohydrate in the polyanion A1 may contain, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate.

[0063] In another embodiment, (A) "a polyanion having a monovalent or divalent or higher anionic group" may include one or more polyanions A2 selected from the group consisting of lignosulfonic acid and polyglutamic acid. That is, (A) may include polyanion A1 alone, polyanion A2 alone, or both polyanion A1 and polyanion A2. Furthermore, the salt containing (A) a "polyanion having a monovalent or divalent or higher anionic group" may include a salt of the polyanion with a monovalent cation, i.e., an anionic compound in which an anionic group of the polyanion forms a salt with a monovalent cation, or may include a salt of a polyanion having at least one of polyanion A1 and polyanion A2 with a monovalent cation. (A) The salt containing the polyanion may include, as the monovalent cation, one or more ions selected from the group consisting of sodium ions, potassium ions, ammonium ions, and phosphonium ions.

[0064] (B) "Polycations having monovalent or divalent or higher cationic groups" include, for example, polylysine and chitosan. Furthermore, the salt containing (B) a "polycation having a monovalent or divalent or higher cationic group" may include a salt of the polycation with a monovalent anion, i.e., a cationic compound formed by the cationic group of the polycation and a monovalent anion. The salt containing (B) the polycation may include, as the monovalent anion, one or more ions selected from the group consisting of chloride ions, hydroxide ions, fluoride ions, bromide ions, iodide ions, acetate ions, and nitrate ions.

[0065] The inorganic cation having a monovalent cation may include, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium ions, potassium ions, and ammonium ions. (C) The inorganic cation having a valence of two or more may include, for example, one or more ions selected from the group consisting of calcium ions, magnesium ions, and aluminum ions. The salt containing one or more of (C) "inorganic cations having a monovalent or divalent or higher cation" may include a salt of one or more of the inorganic cations with a monovalent or divalent or higher inorganic anion, and specifically may include an ionic compound containing (C) an inorganic cation having a monovalent cation and / or (C) a divalent or higher inorganic anion and one or more inorganic anions selected from the group consisting of sulfate ions, chloride ions, hydroxide ions, phosphate ions, carbonate ions, fluoride ions, bromide ions, iodide ions, nitrate ions, and acetate ions.

[0066] (D) The anionic monomer having a monovalent, divalent or higher anionic group may include an anionic monomer having one or more carboxyl groups, or may include an anionic monomer having a carboxylate group. (D) The acid containing an anionic monomer having a monovalent, divalent or higher anionic group may contain an acid in which a proton is bonded to the anionic group of the anionic monomer. (D) Examples of the acid containing the anionic monomer include anionic monomers having one or more carboxyl groups, such as oxalic acid, fumaric acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid, adipic acid, etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0067] The weight average molecular weight of at least one of component (A) and component (B) may be, for example, 1,000 or more and 10,000,000 or less. The molecular weight of the raw material monomer of component (A), the raw material monomer of component (B), and / or the anionic monomer or acid containing the anionic monomer of component (D) may be, for example, 1 to less than 1,000. In this specification, the weight average molecular weight is a value calculated in terms of polystyrene.

[0068] The raw material components to be supplied may also contain one or more selected from the group consisting of (X) a hydrate of the ionic crosslinking agent described above, (Y) an inorganic hydrate, and (Z) an aqueous solution of a water-soluble inorganic acid component to be thermally polymerized.

[0069] As the hydrate of (X) ionic crosslinking agent, any of the hydrates of the ionic crosslinking agents described above can be used. However, it is preferable to use (C) a hydrate containing an inorganic cation having a cation valence of two or more, and it is more preferable to use (C) a hydrate of a salt containing the inorganic cation. (C) Specific examples of hydrates of salts containing such inorganic cations include hydrates containing ionic compounds containing one or more selected from the group consisting of sodium ions, potassium ions, and ammonium ions and / or one or more selected from the group consisting of calcium ions, magnesium ions, and aluminum ions, and one or more selected from the group consisting of sulfate ions, chloride ions, hydroxide ions, phosphate ions, carbonate ions, fluoride ions, bromide ions, iodide ions, nitrate ions, and acetate ions. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The hydrate of the ionic crosslinking agent (X) is preferably in a solid form, more preferably in a powder form.

[0070] The (Y) inorganic hydrate is not limited as long as it is an inorganic hydrate other than the (X) ionic crosslinker, but it is preferable that it does not include a hydrate of a salt containing any ion selected from the group consisting of calcium ions, magnesium ions, and aluminum ions. Specific examples of (Y) inorganic hydrates that can be used include sodium carbonate decahydrate, sodium acetate trihydrate, sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate, disodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, disodium hydrogen phosphate heptahydrate, disodium hydrogen phosphate octahydrate, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, cobalt chloride hexahydrate, copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, cobalt(II) iodide hexahydrate, tin(II) chloride dihydrate, and iron(III) oxide hydrate.

[0071] (Z) Examples of aqueous solutions of water-soluble inorganic acid components that undergo thermal polymerization include water glass (high-concentration aqueous solution of sodium silicate).

[0072] The inorganic filler may be any inorganic filler that is poorly soluble or insoluble in water, and may include, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of silica, talc, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, alumina, titanium oxide, calcium carbonate, clay, potassium titanate, mica, glass flakes, whiskers, ferrite, iron oxide, zeolite, and magnesium sulfate. Among these, silica, talc, calcium carbonate, clay, mica, etc. are preferred from the viewpoints of price and availability. Examples of surfactants include anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, etc. Among these, anionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants are preferred. Examples of sizing agents include natural sizing agents, synthetic sizing agents, reactive sizing agents, special sizing agents, etc. Among these, natural sizing agents and synthetic sizing agents are preferred. The hydrophobic substance is any one of waxes, oils and fats, and fatty acids, or a mixture of two or more of the group consisting of these, and may include, for example, one or more selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon waxes, fatty acid waxes, higher alcohol waxes, glycerin fatty acid esters, and fatty acids. The hydrophobic substance may also include polyester polyol or rosin resin. The addition of polyester polyol or rosin resin can control fluidity and moisture permeability. The polyester polyol may be biodegradable. The polyester polyol may be, for example, a copolymer of at least an organic acid and a glycol. The organic acid may include an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid such as adipic acid or sebacic acid, and, if necessary, an aromatic dicarboxylic acid. The glycol may include, for example, ethylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, etc. Examples of rosin resins include rosin ester, hydrogenated rosin ester, modified rosin, maleated rosin, fumarated rosin, maleated rosin ester, disproportionated rosin ester, and polymerized rosin ester. Here, the wax may be any one of hydrocarbon waxes, fatty acid waxes, and higher alcohol waxes, or a mixture thereof. The fatty acid wax may contain, for example, one or more waxes selected from the group consisting of aliphatic esters, aliphatic ketones, aliphatic amides, and fatty acid metal soaps. The wax may be any of natural wax, synthetic wax, and modified wax. Natural waxes include those derived from plants, animals, minerals, and petroleum. Examples of fats and oils include glycerin fatty acid esters. The glycerin fatty acid esters may include any one of monoglycerin fatty acid esters, diglycerin fatty acid esters, and triglycerin fatty acid esters, or a mixture of two or more of these. The glycerin fatty acid esters may also include polyglycerin fatty acid esters, such as those in which one hydroxyl group of glycerin is dimerized via an ether bond. Examples of fatty acids include fatty acids having less than 10 carbon atoms and higher fatty acids having 10 or more carbon atoms. Fatty acids may include straight-chain fatty acids having a main chain and no side chains, branched fatty acids having a main chain and a side chain, and / or cyclic fatty acids having at least one ring structure. Fatty acids may also include fatty acid derivatives such as hydroxy fatty acids having at least one hydroxyl group and polymers of hydroxy fatty acids. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The fatty acids and aliphatic skeletons each contain saturated bonds and / or unsaturated bonds. The glycerin fatty acid esters may include highly purified products that have been purified by distillation or the like. The hydrophobic substance may include one or more of the following waxes and vegetable oils. Specific examples of waxes include natural waxes such as carnauba wax, beeswax, and rice wax; petroleum waxes such as paraffin wax and microcrystalline wax; and synthetic waxes such as Fischer-Tropsch wax and polyethylene wax. Specific examples of vegetable oils include palm oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, palm kernel oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, olive oil, coconut oil, corn oil, sesame oil, linseed oil, safflower oil, rice oil, and perilla oil. The functional additive is not particularly limited as long as it is used in the coating material of the fertilizer, and examples thereof include fillers other than the above-mentioned inorganic fillers, lubricants, waxes, thickeners, adhesion promoters, surface modifiers, pH adjusters, crosslinking retarders (chelating agents), reinforcing materials, gas barrier agents, magnetic materials, decomposition inhibitors, etc.

[0073] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, these are merely examples of the present invention, and various other configurations may be adopted. Furthermore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and modifications and improvements within the scope of achieving the object of the present invention are included in the present invention. Below, examples of reference forms are given. 1. A method for producing a composite material in a solid state by melt-kneading raw material components including an ionically cross-linkable polymer, an ionically cross-linking agent, and an environmentally degradable resin using a kneading device, Composite material manufacturing methods. 2. A step of obtaining a liquid composite material including raw material components including an ionically crosslinkable polymer, an ionically crosslinking agent, and an environmentally degradable resin, and a solvent; Composite material manufacturing methods. 3. A method for producing the composite material according to 2., The method for producing a composite material, wherein in the step of obtaining the liquid composite material, the solvent contains a solvent having a boiling point of 30°C to 210°C. 4. A method for producing a composite material according to any one of 1. to 3., A method for producing a composite material, wherein the water content in the raw material components is 75 mass % or less based on 100 mass % of the raw material components. Composite material manufacturing methods. 5. A method for producing a composite material according to any one of 1. to 4., When adding water other than the raw material components is defined as water addition treatment, The melt-kneading The water addition treatment is not carried out, or The method for producing a composite material comprises carrying out the water addition treatment under conditions in which the amount of water added is 50% by mass or less relative to 100% by mass of the raw material components. 6. A method for producing a composite material according to any one of items 1 to 5, comprising the steps of: The method for producing a composite material, wherein the temperature during the melt-kneading is 50°C to 300°C. 7. A method for producing a composite material according to any one of 1. to 6., A method for producing a composite material, wherein at least one of the ionically crosslinkable polymer and the ionically crosslinking agent exhibits a weight loss of TGDTA of 0.01% by mass or more at 30°C to 250°C. 8. A method for producing a composite material according to any one of 1. to 7., The method for producing a composite material, wherein the raw material components include an inorganic filler. 9. A method for producing a composite material according to any one of 1. to 8., The ionically crosslinkable polymer is in a powder or liquid form, and The method for producing a composite material, wherein the ionic crosslinking agent is in powder or liquid form. 10. A method for producing a composite material according to any one of 1. to 9., A method for producing a composite material, wherein the raw material components include one or more selected from the group consisting of (X) a hydrate of the ionic crosslinking agent, (Y) an inorganic hydrate, and (Z) an aqueous solution of a water-soluble inorganic acid component that undergoes thermal polymerization. 11. A method for producing a composite material according to any one of 1. to 10., The ionically crosslinkable polymer contains at least one of the following components (A) and (B): A method for producing a composite material, wherein the ionic crosslinking agent comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of the following components (B), (C), and (D) when the ionically crosslinkable polymer comprises the following component (A), and comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of the following components (A), (C), and (D) when the ionically crosslinkable polymer comprises the following component (B) polycation. (A) a polyanion having a monovalent or divalent or higher anionic group, or a salt containing the polyanion (B) A polycation having a monovalent or divalent or higher cationic group, or a salt containing the polycation (C) Inorganic cations having monovalent or divalent or higher cations, or salts containing such inorganic cations (D) An anionic monomer having a monovalent or divalent or higher anionic group, or an acid containing such an anionic monomer 12. A method for producing a coated object, comprising the step of coating an object with the composite material obtained by the method for producing a composite material described in 1. or 2. to obtain a coated object. 13. A method for producing a coating according to 12, comprising the steps of: The method for producing a coated object, wherein the object to be coated is at least one of a fertilizer and an agricultural chemical. [Example]

[0074] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the descriptions of these examples.

[0075] <Manufacturing of composite materials> Example 1 Sodium alginate (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) as an ionically cross-linkable polymer, aluminum sulfate 14-18 hydrate (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) as an ionically cross-linking agent, and polybutylene succinate (PBS) as an environmentally degradable resin were blended in a predetermined mass ratio and melt-kneaded using an extruder as a kneading machine, and the resulting melt-kneaded mixture was extruded through a die. The extruded strands were cut and formed into pellets. It was confirmed that by producing such a composite material, it was possible to produce a pellet-shaped composite material that was solid at room temperature.

[0076] Example 2 The pellet-like composite material obtained above was dissolved in toluene (solvent) to produce a liquid composite material. The resulting liquid composite material was applied to a supporting substrate, and the solvent was removed by drying to form a film. It was confirmed that a film-like composite material could be produced by separating the formed film from the supporting substrate.

Claims

1. The method includes a step of melt-kneading raw material components including an ionically crosslinkable polymer, an ionically crosslinking agent, and an environmentally degradable resin using a kneading device to obtain a solid composite material. Composite material manufacturing methods.

2. A method for producing a liquid composite material comprising an ionically crosslinkable polymer, an ionically crosslinking agent, and an environmentally degradable resin, the method comprising: The method includes a step of producing a resin-containing solution containing raw material components including at least the environmentally decomposable resin and a solvent, The ionically crosslinkable polymer and the ionically crosslinking agent are each added to the raw ingredients prior to mixing of the ingredients with the solvent, or Adding to the prepared resin-containing solution, Composite material manufacturing methods.

3. A method for producing the composite material according to claim 2, comprising: In the step of producing the resin-containing solution, a solid resin composition containing at least the environmentally degradable resin is mixed with the solvent to obtain the resin-containing solution.

4. A method for producing the composite material according to claim 1 or 2, comprising: No water addition treatment is performed to add water other than adsorption water and crystal water, A method for producing a composite material, wherein the raw material components have a moisture content of 25 mass% or less based on 100 mass% of the raw material components.

5. A method for producing the composite material according to claim 1 or 2, comprising: A method for producing a composite material, comprising: performing a water addition treatment in which water other than adsorbed water and crystallization water is added to the raw material components under conditions where the amount of water added is 50 mass % or less relative to 100 mass % of the raw material components.

6. A method for producing the composite material according to claim 1, comprising: The method for producing a composite material, wherein the temperature during the melt-kneading is 50°C to 300°C.

7. A method for producing the composite material according to claim 1 or 2, comprising: A method for producing a composite material, wherein at least one of the ionically crosslinkable polymer and the ionically crosslinking agent exhibits a weight loss of 0.01% by mass or more in terms of TGDTA at 30°C to 250°C.

8. A method for producing the composite material according to claim 1 or 2, comprising: The method for producing a composite material, wherein the raw material components include an inorganic filler.

9. A method for producing the composite material according to claim 1 or 2, comprising: The ionically crosslinkable polymer is in a powder or liquid form, and The method for producing a composite material, wherein the ionic crosslinking agent is in powder or liquid form.

10. A method for producing the composite material according to claim 1 or 2, comprising: The method for producing a composite material, wherein the raw material components include one or more selected from the group consisting of (X) a hydrate of the ionic crosslinking agent, (Y) an inorganic hydrate, and (Z) an aqueous solution of a water-soluble inorganic acid component that is thermally polymerizable.

11. A method for producing the composite material according to claim 1 or 2, comprising: The ionically crosslinkable polymer contains at least one of the following components (A) and (B): When the ionically crosslinkable polymer contains the following component (A), the ionically crosslinking agent contains one or more selected from the group consisting of the following components (B), (C), and (D), A method for producing a composite material, wherein when the ionically crosslinkable polymer contains the following component (B), the ionically crosslinking agent contains one or more selected from the group consisting of the following components (A), (C), and (D): (A) A polyanion having a monovalent or divalent or higher anionic group, or a salt containing the polyanion (B) a polycation having a monovalent or divalent or higher cationic group, or a salt containing the polycation (C) Inorganic cations having monovalent or divalent or higher valent cations, or salts containing one or more of the inorganic cations (D) An anionic monomer having a monovalent or divalent or higher anionic group, or an acid containing such an anionic monomer

12. A method for producing a coated article, comprising the step of coating an object with the composite material obtained by the method for producing a composite material according to claim 1 or 2 to obtain a coated article.

13. A method for producing a coating according to claim 12, comprising the steps of: The method for producing a coated object, wherein the object to be coated is at least one of a fertilizer and an agricultural chemical.