Astigmatism corrective contact lenses

Abstract

The present disclosure is directed to contact lenses for correcting refractive errors, particularly astigmatism, and other corneal irregularities. An exemplary lens includes an inner portion, a peripheral portion, and an interface therebetween. The inner portion provides optical correction for the eye. The peripheral portion conforms to the corneal surface of the eye. The interface is a structurally flexible portion of the ophthalmic lens such that the inner portion does not substantially deform as the peripheral portion deforms in response to conforming to the astigmatism or higher order aberrations of the corneal surface. When the lens is placed on the eye, the inner portion arches over the corneal surface to form a lenticular volume. The combination of the inner portion and the lenticular volume provides the optical correction.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] cross reference This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 319,473, filed March 14, 2022, U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 319,477, filed March 14, 2022, U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 319,484, filed March 14, 2022, U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 319,885, filed March 15, 2022, U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 329,959, filed April 12, 2022, U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 332,583, filed April 19, 2022, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 377,709, filed September 29, 2022, the contents of which are incorporated by reference in their entireties herein. [Background technology]

[0002] Individuals with refractive errors of the eye often suffer from reduced vision, such as blurred or distorted vision, because the eye cannot focus light onto the retina. Such reduced vision can be corrected by eyeglasses, contact lenses, and / or surgery. For individuals with astigmatism, specialized contact lenses, including but not limited to toric soft lenses and rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses, may be required to correct the refractive error in at least two meridians. Due to the additional fitting criteria, a wide variety of specialized contact lenses that meet these additional criteria must be manufactured and stored. In addition, fitting these specialized contact lenses can be more time-consuming than fitting traditional contact lenses. Thus, a solution is needed to reduce the number of different contact lenses that need to be manufactured and stored. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Refractive errors of the eye often result in reduced vision, such as blurred or distorted vision, as the eye is unable to focus light onto the retina. Common refractive errors include, but are not limited to, myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, and astigmatism. Astigmatism is often caused by an irregular shape of the cornea, where the asphericity or varying curvature of the cornea causes light rays to focus at different points on the retina. In some cases, astigmatism may be associated with other eye conditions, such as keratoconus, corneal lesions, scarring, previous corneal surgery, or other refractive errors. In some cases, refractive errors include higher order aberrations (e.g., third order or higher) that are difficult to correct with cylindrical or spherical correction. These higher order aberrations include, but are not limited to, corneal coma, trifoil aberration, and spherical aberration.

[0004] For those with astigmatism and / or higher order aberrations, specialized and / or individualized contact lenses, such as toric soft lenses and rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses, may be required to correct the refractive error to help focus light on the retina. In some cases, specialized and / or individualized contact lenses may be manufactured with several different features to correct corneal irregularities. In some cases, various features may allow the lens to be aligned and / or rotated to the user's particular astigmatism axis, for example by relying on structural elements such as prism ballasts, dynamic stabilization elements, etc. In some cases, cylindrical lenses (segments cut from a cylinder) may be used to correct astigmatism, which have no refractive power along one axis and are concave or convex along the other axis.

[0005] In some cases, toric contact lenses for correcting astigmatism require multiple different designs with different base curves and various features for each power step and each angle step between two meridians (e.g., steeper meridians and flatter meridians) to cover the range of astigmatism a subject may have. In some cases, toric contact lenses have 5-degree or 10-degree axis steps, and at least 18 or 36 different lenses are required to cover 180 degrees of axis / meridian for each combination of spherical and cylinder power to cover the range of astigmatism a patient may have. In some cases, toric contact lenses with a single axis approach have additional features (e.g., prism ballast, dynamic stabilization elements, etc.) to stabilize the lens rotation compared to traditional spherical corrective contact lenses, making them more complex to manufacture. In some cases, toric contact lenses with a single axis approach may require significantly more lens inventory (e.g., stock-keeping units or SKUs) for fitting and / or sale. In addition, fitting these specialized contact lenses may take more time than fitting traditional contact lenses. Toric contact lenses often require stabilization to place the corrective cylinder on the proper axis of the eye, which can be time consuming and can cause temporary discomfort and / or blurred vision to the user. Thus, a solution is needed to reduce the number of different contact lenses that need to be manufactured and stored.

[0006] Provided herein is a soft contact lens for correcting ocular refractive error (e.g., astigmatism) of an eye, the lens comprising an inner portion, a peripheral portion, and an interface connecting the inner portion and the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, the interface is configured such that when the lens is placed on the eye, the inner portion arches over a portion of the cornea and forms a lenticular volume between the inner portion and the cornea. In some embodiments, the interface is configured such that when the lens is placed on the eye, at least a portion of the peripheral portion conforms to the ocular surface (e.g., the cornea). In some embodiments, the interface reduces deformation of the peripheral portion and / or transfer of elastic energy to the inner portion when the peripheral portion conforms to the ocular surface. In some embodiments, the reduced deformation and / or transfer of elastic energy to the inner portion allows the inner portion to substantially maintain its shape when on the eye and arch over the cornea. In some embodiments, the lenticular volume is filled with a fluid (e.g., tears). In some embodiments, the lenticular volume forms a tear lens on the corneal surface. In some embodiments, the combination of the inner portion and the lenticular volume is configured to correct ocular refractive error of the eye. In some embodiments, the shape of the tear lens is stabilized by the inner portion. In some embodiments, such tear lens formed under the inner portion of the lens provides a smooth refractive surface on the cornea to aid in the correction of refractive errors. In some embodiments, the dimensions of the tear lens and the volume of the lenticular volume are individualized to the user based on the shape of the cornea, regardless of the dimensions of the inner portion of the lens. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses described herein can correct refractive errors independent of rotational orientation and / or without the need for the ability to provide a stable rotational orientation. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses provided herein can provide more stable vision correction with less discomfort and / or reduced chance and / or duration of temporary blurred vision without the need for rotational stability.In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses provided herein may reduce fitting time, e.g., the time it takes a user to find a lens prescription that corrects a satisfactory refractive error, because there are fewer lens options to try and / or a single design of the lenses provided herein is configured to correct a wide range of refractive errors. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses described herein may be easier to manufacture because of their simpler design and / or because they do not require multiple designs in the supply chain to cover the range of astigmatism a patient may have. In some embodiments, the lenses provided herein include joints and fenestrations. In some embodiments, the joints and fenestrations may provide improved flow of fluid into and out of the lenticular volume, improved transport of oxygen and / or tears, and / or reduced discomfort.

[0007] The present disclosure is generally directed to eye treatments for providing improved vision and visual acuity. Provided herein are vision corrective coverings, such as soft contact lenses. In some embodiments, provided herein are uses and applications for the correction of refractive errors of the eye, such as astigmatism. In some embodiments, the refractive errors occur following refractive surgery, such as LASIK or PRK. In some embodiments, the contact lenses (e.g., coverings) may mask astigmatism in the subject's eye without surgery. In some embodiments, the contact lenses may mask corneal irregularities in the subject's eye. In some embodiments, the contact lenses may mask keratoconus in the subject's eye without surgery. Provided herein are lenses, which may include, but are not limited to, contact lenses suitable for placement on the surface of the subject's eye.

[0008] In one aspect, provided herein is a soft contact lens for correcting ocular refractive error (e.g., astigmatism) of an eye, the lens including an inner portion, a peripheral portion, and an interface connecting the inner portion and the peripheral portion, the interface being configured such that when the lens is placed on the eye, the inner portion arches over a portion of the cornea to form a lenticular volume between the inner portion and the cornea, and at least a portion of the peripheral portion conforms to the ocular surface.

[0009] In another aspect, provided herein is a soft contact lens for correcting ocular refractive error (e.g., astigmatism) of an eye, the lens including an inner portion, a peripheral portion, and an interface connecting the inner portion and the peripheral portion, the interface configured to have greater flexibility than the peripheral portion or the inner portion, or both the peripheral portion and the inner portion.

[0010] In another aspect, provided herein is a soft contact lens for correcting ocular refractive error (e.g., astigmatism) of an eye, the lens including an inner portion having an outer periphery, a peripheral portion having an inner periphery, and an interface connecting the outer periphery of the inner portion to the inner periphery of the peripheral portion, the interface configured to reduce transmission of mechanical forces from the peripheral portion to the inner portion.

[0011] In some embodiments, the joint allows at least a portion of the peripheral portion to deform without substantially deforming the interior portion.

[0012] In some embodiments, the interface allows at least a portion of the peripheral portion to conform to the corneal surface without substantially deforming the inner portion.

[0013] In some embodiments, the joint includes one or more of a flexibility, shape, thickness, curvature, dimensions, or material properties that differ from those of the inner portion.

[0014] In some embodiments, the joint comprises one or more of a flexibility, shape, thickness, curvature, size, or material properties that differ from those of the surrounding portions.

[0015] In some embodiments, the material property comprises a tensile modulus.

[0016] In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile modulus of the joint portion to the tensile modulus of the inner portion is from about 1:1 to about 1:100.

[0017] In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile modulus of the joint portion to the tensile modulus of the peripheral portion is from about 1:1 to about 1:100.

[0018] In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile modulus of the inner portion to the tensile modulus of the peripheral portion is from about 10:1 to about 1:10.

[0019] In some embodiments, the tensile modulus of at least one of the inner portion, the peripheral portion, or the joints ranges from about 0.1 megapascals (MPa) to about 4 MPa.

[0020] In some embodiments, the material property comprises tensile strength.

[0021] In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile strength of the joint to the tensile strength of the inner portion is from about 1:1 to about 1:100.

[0022] In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile strength of the joint to the tensile strength of the surrounding area is from about 1:1 to about 1:100.

[0023] In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile strength of the inner portion to the tensile strength of the peripheral portion is from about 10:1 to about 1:10.

[0024] In some embodiments, the junction is located between about 1 mm and about 6.5 mm from the center of the lens.

[0025] In some embodiments, the junction has a distance (eg, diameter) of about 2 mm to about 9 mm.

[0026] In some embodiments, the joint comprises one or more of a groove, a thinned area, a hinge, a slit, or a cut segment.

[0027] In some embodiments, the joints are arranged in a substantially circular (eg, annular) configuration around the center of the lens.

[0028] In some embodiments, the junction comprises at least two severed segments.

[0029] In some embodiments, the joint comprises a structurally weakened portion.

[0030] In some embodiments, the joint is symmetrical.

[0031] In some embodiments, the bonds are oriented substantially circumferentially.

[0032] In some embodiments, the joints are substantially radially oriented.

[0033] In some embodiments, the joint portion has a thinner cross-section than the inner portion or the peripheral portion or a combination thereof.

[0034] In some embodiments, the junction has a width in the range of about 0.1 μm to about 2000 μm.

[0035] In some embodiments, the interface is prepared by removing a portion of the lens that contains the interface.

[0036] In some embodiments, removing a portion of the lens comprises cutting a portion of the lens.

[0037] In some embodiments, removing a portion of the lens comprises chemically treating the portion of the lens.

[0038] In some embodiments, the interface is prepared by chemically treating the portion of the lens that contains the interface.

[0039] In some embodiments, the chemical treatment includes selectively hardening portions of the lens.

[0040] In some embodiments, the interface is prepared by electrically treating the portion of the lens that contains the interface.

[0041] In some embodiments, the junction comprises one or more fenestrations.

[0042] In some embodiments, the lens has a thickness of about 1.25E+0.4 Mpa*μm 3 ~ approx. 5.00E+08MPa*μm 3 It has a rigidity of .

[0043] In some embodiments, the joint has a thickness of about 1.60E+03 MPa*μm 3 ~ approx. 5.00E+08MPa*μm 3 It has a rigidity of .

[0044] In some embodiments, a lenticular volume is formed between the posterior surface of the inner portion and the corneal surface of the eye.

[0045] In some embodiments, the lens includes one or more fenestrations.

[0046] In some embodiments, the fenestration is located adjacent to the junction.

[0047] In some embodiments, the lenticular volume is filled with fluid (eg, tears).

[0048] In some embodiments, the fenestration is configured to allow fluid to flow into and out of the lenticular volume.

[0049] In some embodiments, the lenticular volume forms a tear lens on the corneal surface.

[0050] In some embodiments, the shape of the tear lens is stabilized by the inner portion.

[0051] In some embodiments, the combination of the inner portion and the lenticular volume is configured to correct ocular refractive error of the eye.

[0052] In some embodiments, the combination of the inner portion and the lenticular volume is configured to correct ocular refractive error of up to about 5.5 diopters (D).

[0053] In some embodiments, the inner portion of the covering is configured to correct an ocular refractive error of up to about 5.5 diopters (D).

[0054] In some embodiments, the ocular refractive error comprises a corneal irregularity, an astigmatism, or a higher order aberration of the eye.

[0055] In some embodiments, the ocular refractive error is astigmatism.

[0056] In some embodiments, the optical correction is provided by a combination of the inner portion and the lenticular volume.

[0057] In some embodiments, the lenses are configured to correct ocular refractive error without the need to rotationally fit the eye.

[0058] In some embodiments, the inner portion has a first radius of curvature and the peripheral portion has a second radius of curvature.

[0059] In some embodiments, the joint connects an outer periphery of the inner portion and an inner periphery of the peripheral portion.

[0060] In some embodiments, the first radius of curvature is less than or equal to the second radius of curvature.

[0061] In some embodiments, when the peripheral portion is deformed, the first radius of curvature of the inner portion changes less than the second radius of curvature of the peripheral portion.

[0062] In some embodiments, the ratio of the first radius of curvature of the inner portion to the second radius of curvature of the peripheral portion is from about 7:15 to about 3:2.

[0063] In some embodiments, when the joint is in a neutral position (eg, relaxed or unbent), the medial portion and the peripheral portion have the same radius of curvature.

[0064] In some embodiments, when the joint is in a bent position (eg, curved), the inner portion and the peripheral portion have different radii of curvature.

[0065] In some embodiments, the joint is configured to bend to allow the peripheral portion to have a different angle than the inner portion.

[0066] In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the inner portion ranges from about 7 mm to about 9 mm.

[0067] In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the peripheral portion ranges from about 6 mm to about 15 mm.

[0068] In some embodiments, when the peripheral portion is deformed, the first radius of curvature of the inner portion changes less than the second radius of curvature of the peripheral portion, meaning that the peripheral portion deforms from the junction and the second radius of curvature increases.

[0069] In some embodiments, the lenses have an average thickness of about 50 μm to about 750 μm.

[0070] In some embodiments, the lenses have an average thickness of about 200 μm to about 300 μm.

[0071] In some embodiments, the inner portion has an average thickness of about 50 μm to about 750 μm.

[0072] In some embodiments, the peripheral portion has an average thickness of about 50 μm to about 750 μm.

[0073] In some embodiments, the joint has an average thickness of about 1 μm to about 300 μm.

[0074] In some embodiments, the inner portion has a uniform thickness throughout.

[0075] In some embodiments, the peripheral portion has a non-uniform thickness.

[0076] In some embodiments, the thickness of the peripheral portion varies from the inner periphery to the outer periphery of the peripheral portion.

[0077] In some embodiments, the average thickness of the peripheral portion is greater than the average thickness of the joint.

[0078] In some embodiments, the average thickness of the peripheral portion near the joint is greater than the average thickness of the joint.

[0079] In some embodiments, the peripheral portion has a thickness gradient from the junction to the periphery.

[0080] In some embodiments, the average thickness of the inner portion is greater than the average thickness of the joint.

[0081] In some embodiments, the average thickness of the inner portion near the joint is greater than the average thickness at the joint.

[0082] In some embodiments, one or more mechanical properties of the peripheral portion vary from the inner circumference to the outer circumference of the peripheral portion.

[0083] In some embodiments, one or more mechanical properties of the peripheral portion vary based on distance from the joint.

[0084] In some embodiments, the peripheral portion has a gradient in one or more mechanical properties from the joint towards the periphery.

[0085] In some embodiments, the lens comprises a polymeric material.

[0086] In some embodiments, the lenses comprise one or more of a hydrogel, a silicone hydrogel, or a silicone.

[0087] In some embodiments, the lens comprises one or more of diacetone acrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, N-carboxyl vinyl ester, N-vinylpyrrolidone, poly[dimethylsiloxy]di[silibtanol]bis[vinylcarbamate], phosphorylcholine, tris-(trimethylsiloxysilyl)propyl vinylcarbamate, tris-(hydroxylmethyl)aminomethane, siloxane, or polyvinylpyrrolidone.

[0088] In some embodiments, the joint allows a portion of the inner portion to arch over the steep meridian and allows the peripheral portion to substantially conform to the steep meridian.

[0089] In another aspect, provided herein is a method for correcting ocular refractive error (e.g., astigmatism) of an eye comprising providing a soft contact lens of the present disclosure.

[0090] In another aspect, provided herein is a method for correcting ocular refractive error (e.g., astigmatism) of an eye, comprising placing a soft contact lens of the present disclosure on an ocular surface of the eye.

[0091] In another aspect, provided herein is a method for forming a tear lens, comprising applying a soft contact lens of the present disclosure to an ocular surface of an eye.

[0092] In another aspect, provided herein is a method for forming a lenticular volume, the method comprising applying a soft contact lens of the present disclosure to an ocular surface of an eye, the inner portion being configured to form a lenticular volume to form a tear lens on the ocular surface to correct ocular refractive error.

[0093] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a soft contact lens for correcting ocular refractive error of an eye. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens includes a soft lens body. In some embodiments, the soft lens body has a peripheral portion, an inner portion, and an interface between the peripheral portion and the inner portion. In some embodiments, the interface has a lower stiffness than either the peripheral portion or the inner portion, or both. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the peripheral portion is configured to conform to a corneal surface of the eye when the lens is placed on the eye. In some embodiments, the interface allows at least a portion of the peripheral portion to conform to the corneal surface without substantially deforming the inner portion. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the inner portion is configured to float above the corneal surface of the eye when the lens is placed on the eye, forming a lenticular volume between a posterior surface of the soft lens body and the corneal surface of the eye. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the lenticular volume is configured to be filled with a fluid to form a tear lens on the corneal surface to correct ocular refractive error of the eye.

[0094] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a soft contact lens for correcting ocular refractive error of an eye. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens includes a soft lens body. In some embodiments, the soft lens body has a peripheral portion, an inner portion, and an interface. In some embodiments, the interface has a lower stiffness than either the peripheral portion or the inner portion. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the peripheral portion is configured to conform to a corneal surface of the eye when the lens is placed on the eye. In some embodiments, the interface allows at least a portion of the peripheral portion to conform to the corneal surface without substantially deforming the inner portion. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the inner portion is configured to float above the corneal surface of the eye when the lens is placed on the eye, forming a lenticular volume between a posterior surface of the soft lens body and the corneal surface of the eye. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the lenticular volume is configured to be filled with a fluid to form a tear lens on the corneal surface to correct ocular refractive error of the eye. In some embodiments, the soft lens body is made of a single material.

[0095] In some embodiments, the ocular refractive error results from one or more of corneal irregularities, coma, astigmatism, or higher order aberrations of the eye. In some embodiments, the ocular refractive error is astigmatism of the eye.

[0096] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a soft contact lens for correcting astigmatism of an eye. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens includes a soft lens body. In some embodiments, the soft lens body has a peripheral portion, an inner portion, and an interface between the peripheral portion and the inner portion. In some embodiments, the soft lens body is made of a single material. In some embodiments, the interface has a lower stiffness than either the peripheral portion or the inner portion. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the peripheral portion is configured to conform to a corneal surface of the eye when the lens is placed on the eye. In some embodiments, the interface allows at least a portion of the peripheral portion to conform to the corneal surface without substantially deforming the inner portion. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the inner portion of the lens body is configured to float above the corneal surface of the eye when the lens is placed on the eye, forming a lenticular volume between a posterior surface of the soft lens body and the corneal surface. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the lenticular volume is configured to be filled with a fluid to form a tear lens on the corneal surface to correct astigmatism of the eye.

[0097] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the inner portion is suspended further above the surface of the cornea compared to another portion of the inner portion. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the inner portion is suspended above the surface of the cornea and another portion of the inner portion conforms to the surface of the cornea. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the inner portion and at least a portion of the peripheral portion are suspended above the surface of the cornea. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the inner portion is suspended further above the surface of the cornea compared to at least a portion of the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the inner portion conforms to the surface of the cornea and at least a portion of the peripheral portion is suspended above the surface of the surface of the cornea.

[0098] At least a portion of the inner portion may include a first portion of the inner portion that hovers above the surface of the cornea and a different second portion of the inner portion that hovers further, closer, or at the same height above the surface of the cornea than the first portion of the inner portion. At least a portion of the peripheral portion may include a first portion of the peripheral portion that hovers above the surface of the cornea and a different second portion of the peripheral portion that hovers further, closer, or at the same height above the surface of the cornea than the first portion of the peripheral portion.

[0099] In some embodiments, the inner portion corrects ocular refractive errors resulting from one or more of corneal irregularities, coma, astigmatism, or higher order aberrations of the eye to a greater extent than the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, the soft lens body is made of a single material having the same mechanical properties throughout.

[0100] In some embodiments, the soft lens body is made of a single polymeric material. In some embodiments, the soft lens body is made of a hydrogel, a silicone hydrogel, or a silicone. In some embodiments, the soft lens body is made of a single material selected from diacetone acrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, N-carboxyl vinyl ester, N-vinylpyrrolidone, poly[dimethylsiloxy]di[silibutanol]bis[vinylcarbamate], phosphorylcholine, tris-(trimethylsiloxysilyl)propyl vinylcarbamate, tris-(hydroxylmethyl)aminomethane, siloxane, silicone, or polyvinylpyrrolidone.

[0101] In some embodiments, the inner portion and the peripheral portion have the same Young's modulus. In some embodiments, the soft lens body has a uniform tensile Young's modulus. In some embodiments, the soft lens body has a tensile Young's modulus of about 0.1 megapascals ("MPa") to about 4 MPa.

[0102] In some embodiments, the inner portion has a pressure of about 1.25E+04 Megapascals*micrometers cubed ("MPa*μm 3 ") ~ approx. 5.00E+08MPa*μm 3 In some embodiments, the peripheral portion has a stiffness range of about 1.25E+04 MPa*μm 3 ~ approx. 5.00E+08MPa*μm 3 In some embodiments, the stiffness of the inner portion and the peripheral portion is the same. In some embodiments, the stiffness of the inner portion and the peripheral portion is different. In some embodiments, the ratio of the stiffness of the inner portion to the stiffness of the peripheral portion is about 1:3 to about 3:1.

[0103] In some embodiments, the soft lens body further comprises an anterior surface. In some embodiments, either the posterior surface and / or the anterior surface of the lens are symmetrical about a central axis of the lens when the lens is in a neutral configuration. In some embodiments, the anterior surface of the lens is axisymmetric. In some embodiments, the anterior surface comprises an anterior curvature profile. In some embodiments, the anterior curvature profile is axisymmetric. In some embodiments, the posterior surface is axisymmetric. In some embodiments, the posterior surface comprises a posterior curvature profile. In some embodiments, the posterior curvature profile is axisymmetric. In some embodiments, the soft lens body further comprises a lens volume. In some embodiments, the lens volume is axisymmetric.

[0104] In some embodiments, the lens does not provide a cylinder optical power when in a neutral configuration. In some embodiments, the lens corrects the ocular refractive error or optical aberration of the eye when placed on the eye, regardless of the orientation of the lens relative to the meridian of the eye. In some embodiments, the lens corrects the ocular refractive error or optical aberration of the eye without rotationally fitting to the eye. In some embodiments, the optical aberration of the eye is a first order aberration or a spherical aberration. In some embodiments, the optical aberration of the eye is a second order aberration or a cylinder aberration. In some embodiments, the optical aberration is a third order aberration or a coma.

[0105] In some embodiments, when the lens is in a neutral configuration, the inner and peripheral portions have the same radius of curvature. In some embodiments, the inner and peripheral portions have the same radius of curvature. In some embodiments, when the joint is in a neutral position (e.g., relaxed or unbent), the inner and peripheral portions have the same radius of curvature.

[0106] In some embodiments, the inner portion and the peripheral portion have different radii of curvature. In some embodiments, when the junction is in a bent position (e.g., bent), the inner portion and the peripheral portion have different radii of curvature. In some embodiments, the inner portion has a radius of curvature of about 7 millimeters ("mm") to about 9 mm. In some embodiments, the peripheral portion has a radius of curvature of about 6 mm to about 15 mm. In some embodiments, the ratio of the radius of curvature of the inner portion to the radius of curvature of the peripheral portion is about 7:15 to about 3:2. In some embodiments, the posterior surface is continuous except for the junction.

[0107] In some embodiments, the soft contact lens further comprises a plurality of fenestrations configured to allow fluid to flow into and out of the lenticular volume. In some embodiments, the plurality of fenestrations are disposed adjacent to the junctions. In some embodiments, the plurality of fenestrations are disposed in the medial portion. In some embodiments, the plurality of fenestrations are disposed in the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, the plurality of fenestrations are disposed in both the medial portion and the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, the distance between the plurality of fenestrations and the central axis of the lens is between about 1.5 mm and about 6 mm. In some embodiments, the distance between the plurality of fenestrations and the junctions is between about 0 mm and about 4 mm. In some embodiments, the anterior surface is continuous except for the fenestrations.

[0108] In some embodiments, the joint has a thickness of about 1.60E+03 MPa*μm 3~5.00E+08MPa*μm 3 In some embodiments, the thickness of the junction is less than the thickness of the inner or peripheral portions. In some embodiments, the inner portion has a thickness of about 50 micrometers ("μm") to about 750 μm. In some embodiments, the inner portion has a uniform thickness throughout. In some embodiments, the peripheral portion has a non-uniform thickness. In some embodiments, the peripheral portion has a thickness of at least about 50 μm. In some embodiments, the peripheral portion has a thickness of up to about 750 μm. In some embodiments, the junction has a thickness of about 50 μm to about 750 μm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the junction 130 is inversely proportional to the thickness of the inner portion 210 and / or the peripheral portion 160, the thicker the inner portion 210 and / or the peripheral portion 160, the thinner the junction 130. A lens with a thicker inner portion 210 or peripheral portion 160 and a thinner junction 130 may have greater structural integrity when floating on the surface of the cornea 150. In some embodiments, the thickness of the interface 130 is 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or any value therebetween of the thickness of the medial portion 210 or the peripheral portion 160. In some embodiments, the soft lens body further comprises an axisymmetric lens volume. In some embodiments, the interface comprises one or more of a partially cut area, a groove, or a living hinge. In some embodiments, the interface comprises a groove disposed on the posterior surface of the lens. In some embodiments, the groove is disposed on the anterior surface of the lens.

[0109] In some embodiments, the inner portion has a diameter about the central axis of the lens of about 0 mm to about 7 mm. In some embodiments, the peripheral portion has a diameter about the central axis of the lens of about 1.5 mm to about 17 mm. In some embodiments, the ratio of the diameter of the inner portion to the diameter of the peripheral portion is about 1:8 to about 4:5.

[0110] In some embodiments, the lens has a diameter of about 8 mm to about 17 mm.

[0111] In some embodiments, the lenses have a sagittal height of about 1 μm to about 50 μm.

[0112] In some embodiments, the lenticular volume between the posterior surface of the soft lens body and the corneal surface has a total volume of about 0.0001 microliters ("μL") to 10 μL. In some embodiments, at least one sector (e.g., portion) of the soft lens body from the center of the soft lens body to the periphery of the soft lens body is configured to float above the corneal surface to form at least a portion of the lenticular volume when the lens is placed on the corneal surface. In some embodiments, any of the at least one sector of the soft lens body can float above the corneal surface to form at least a portion of the lenticular volume when the lens is placed on the corneal surface.

[0113] In some embodiments, the soft lens body has no protrusions extending from the anterior or posterior surfaces.

[0114] In some embodiments, the lens does not have a mechanism for stabilizing the rotation of the lens relative to a particular cylinder of the eye. In some embodiments, the lens does not have an orientation feature or indicator (e.g., an off-color marking on or within the contact lens body, one or more truncations on the periphery of the contact lens body, an asymmetric shape of the contact lens body, etc.) for stabilizing the rotation of the lens relative to a particular cylinder of the eye.

[0115] In some embodiments, the lens is a bifocal lens or a multifocal lens.

[0116] In some embodiments, the combination of the inner portion and the lenticular volume is configured to correct ocular refractive error of the subject's eye. In some embodiments, the combination of the inner portion, the peripheral portion, and the lenticular volume is configured to correct ocular refractive error of the subject's eye.

[0117] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for correcting ocular refractive error of an eye using the soft contact lenses of the present disclosure.

[0118] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for forming a tear lens using the soft contact lens of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the tear lens is formed with an asymmetric volume distribution. In some embodiments, the asymmetric volume distribution corrects one or more of corneal irregularities, coma, astigmatism, or high-order aberrations of the eye.

[0119] In some embodiments, the method includes conforming a peripheral portion of the lens to the corneal surface. In some embodiments, the peripheral portion of the lens conforms to the corneal surface.

[0120] In some embodiments, the difference in lens curvature between two orthogonal meridians is less than the curvature of the cornea beneath such lens when such lens is placed on the eye. In some embodiments, the difference in lens curvature at an inner portion of the lens between two orthogonal meridians is less than the curvature of the cornea beneath such inner portion of the lens when such lens is placed on the eye. In some embodiments, the difference in lens curvature at a peripheral portion of the lens between two orthogonal meridians is less than the curvature of the cornea beneath such peripheral portion of the lens when such lens is placed on the eye, but such difference is relatively reduced in the peripheral portion compared to the inner portion.

[0121] In some embodiments, the method includes reducing the transmission of mechanical forces from the peripheral portion to the inner portion by the presence of an interface between the inner and peripheral portions of the lens, the mechanical forces of the peripheral portion being responsive to the peripheral portion conforming to the astigmatism or higher order aberrations of the eye when the peripheral portion is placed on the eye.

[0122] In some embodiments, in the asymmetric volume distribution, a first tear lens sector has a different volume than a second tear lens sector diametrically opposite the first tear lens sector, hi some embodiments, the difference in volume between the first tear lens sector and the second tear lens sector corrects coma of the eye.

[0123] The ability of the soft contact lenses described herein to mask astigmatism and coma can provide an advantage over many commercially available astigmatism masking toric contact lenses. Such toric lenses can provide different refractive powers between vertical and horizontal planes, but may not provide different refractive powers in the same vertical or horizontal plane. In contrast, the soft contact lenses provided herein may have multiple sectors, the volume of tear lens under each sector may be different, and the combination of each sector and the tear lens portion immediately behind each sector may provide different refractive powers. As further discussed herein, the soft contact lenses described herein can mask astigmatism and coma regardless of rotational orientation, but such toric lenses must be worn in a specific rotational orientation to mask astigmatism.

[0124] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for correcting ocular refractive error of an eye, comprising providing optical correction to a subject's eye with an optical zone of a soft contact lens and a lenticular volume between a posterior surface of the lens and a corneal surface when placed on the eye, the lens configured to allow tears to flow into and out of the lenticular volume to form a tear lens over the ocular error and correct the ocular refractive error of the eye.

[0125] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for forming a lacrimal lens, comprising applying to an eye a soft contact lens having a soft lens body to form a lenticular volume between a posterior surface of the soft lens body and a corneal surface of the eye, the soft lens body configured to allow tears to flow into and out of the lenticular volume to form a lacrimal lens over an ocular abnormality and correct ocular refractive error of the eye.

[0126] In some embodiments, the soft contact lens is applied to the eye in any orientation such that the lens corrects the ocular refractive error of the eye, regardless of the orientation of the lens relative to the eye's meridian.

[0127] In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses have a viscosity of about 1.25E+04 MPa*μm 3 ~ approx. 5.00E+08MPa*μm 3 The stiffness range is

[0128] In some embodiments, the ocular refractive error results from one or more of corneal irregularities, coma, astigmatism, or higher order aberrations of the eye. In some embodiments, the ocular refractive error is astigmatism of the eye.

[0129] In some embodiments, one or both of the anterior lens surface or the posterior lens surface are axially symmetric.

[0130] In some embodiments, the inner portion of the lens has a uniform thickness. In some embodiments, the inner portion of the lens has a non-uniform thickness.

[0131] In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses are made of a single material.

[0132] In some embodiments, the combination of the inner portion and the lenticular volume is configured to correct ocular refractive error of the subject's eye.

[0133] Additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, in which only illustrative embodiments of the disclosure are shown and described. As will be realized, the present disclosure is capable of other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modification in various obvious respects, all without departing from the present disclosure. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive. Incorporation by Reference

[0134] All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned herein are hereby incorporated by reference as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. To the extent that the publications and patents or patent applications incorporated by reference conflict with the disclosure contained herein, the present specification supersedes and / or takes precedence over any such conflicting material.

[0135] The novel features of the present disclosure are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present disclosure will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the disclosure are utilized, and the accompanying drawings (also referred to herein as "Figure" and "FIG"), in which: [Brief description of the drawings]

[0136] [Figure 1] 1 illustrates a side cross-sectional view of a lens of an eye of a subject, according to some embodiments. [Figure 2A-C] A comparison of the topography of a naked eye with astigmatism (FIG. 2A) with the topography of the same eye fitted with an exemplary lens (FIG. 2B) and a difference image of the two topographies (FIG. 2C). [Figure 3A-J] 1 is a perspective view of a lens according to some embodiments. [Figure 4A-B] 1A and 1B show a lens placed above a subject's eye and on the eye, respectively. [Diagram 5] FIG. 1 illustrates lens dimensions in a side cross-sectional view according to some embodiments. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 illustrates average (mean) cylinder reduction according to some embodiments. [Figure 7A-H] FIG. 1 shows a comparison of the topography of the naked eye of four separate subjects with astigmatism with the topography of the same eyes wearing exemplary astigmatism correcting lenses of the present disclosure. [Figure 8A-D] FIG. 13 shows the difference in topography between an eye with a lens and a naked eye with astigmatism, corresponding to subjects 1 to 4, respectively. [Figure 9A-C] FIG. 1 shows the topography of the naked eye of subject 1 with astigmatism and when fitted with a soft toric lens to provide optical correction. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a cornea with astigmatism. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 illustrates the difference in curvature between a cornea with astigmatism and a lens of the present disclosure. [Figure 12A-C] 12A shows the topography of a naked eye with astigmatism (FIG. 12A), the topography of an eye with an RGP lens (FIG. 12B), and the difference between the two images to demonstrate the masking provided by the RGP lens (FIG. 12C). [Figure 13A-C] 13A shows a topography of a naked eye with astigmatism (FIG. 13A), a topography of an eye with a contact lens provided by the present invention (FIG. 13B), and a subtraction of the two images to show the masking provided by the contact lens provided by the present invention (FIG. 13C). The subject is the same as the subject in FIGS. 12A-12C. [Figure 14A-B] 1A and 1B show a contact lens on the steep meridian of an astigmatic cornea and a contact lens on the flat meridian of an astigmatic cornea, respectively. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0137] Provided herein is a soft contact lens for correcting ocular refractive error (e.g., astigmatism) of an eye, the lens comprising an inner portion, a peripheral portion, and an interface connecting the inner portion and the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, the interface connects an outer periphery of the inner portion to an inner periphery of the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, the interface is configured such that the inner portion arches over a portion of the cornea to form a lenticular volume between the inner portion and the cornea. In some embodiments, the interface is configured such that at least a portion of the peripheral portion conforms to the ocular surface when the lens is placed on the eye. In some embodiments, the interface is configured to have a higher flexibility than the peripheral portion or the inner portion, or both the peripheral portion and the inner portion. In some embodiments, the interface is configured to reduce the transmission of mechanical forces from the peripheral portion to the inner portion. In some embodiments, the interface allows at least a portion of the peripheral portion to deform without substantially deforming the inner portion. In some embodiments, the interface allows at least a portion of the peripheral portion to conform to the corneal surface without substantially deforming the inner portion. In some embodiments, the lenticular volume forms a tear lens on the corneal surface. In some embodiments, the shape of the tear lens is stabilized by the inner portion. In some embodiments, the combination of the inner portion and the lenticular volume is configured to correct an ocular refractive error of the eye of up to about 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, or 5.5 diopters (D).

[0138] Described herein are soft contact lenses for correcting refractive errors in a subject's eye, the eye including the cornea, lens, and conjunctiva at the front of the eye, and the retina at the back of the eye. The subject may be an animal. The subject may be a human, such as a patient. The cornea of ​​the eye is a connective tissue at the front of the eye that is transparent in a healthy eye and refracts light to form an image on the retina. The cornea includes an outer layer of tissue, the epithelium, which protects the tissues underneath the cornea, such as Bowman's membrane, stroma, and nerve fibers that extend to the stroma and Bowman's membrane. The retina is a light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye that senses light from an image formed on the retina and transmits image signals to the brain.

[0139] The present disclosure is directed to contact lenses for the treatment of refractive errors. People (e.g., patients) with refractive errors of the eye often experience reduced vision, such as blurred or distorted vision, due to the eye's inability to focus light on the retina. Common refractive errors include, but are not limited to, myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, and astigmatism. Astigmatism is often associated with an irregular shape of the cornea, where the asphericity or varying curvature of the cornea causes light rays to focus at different points on the retina. In some cases, astigmatism may be associated with other eye conditions, such as keratoconus, corneal lesions, scars, previous corneal surgery, or other refractive errors. In some cases, refractive errors include higher order aberrations (e.g., third order or higher) that are difficult to correct with cylindrical or spherical correction. These higher order aberrations include, but are not limited to, corneal coma, trifoil aberration, and spherical aberration.

[0140] A thin layer of fluid, called the tear film, often covers the ocular surface. The tear film helps provide comfort, mechanical protection, environmental protection, immune protection, and epithelial health of the ocular surface. In some embodiments, the tear film smooths out small irregularities in the ocular surface to provide a smooth refractive surface for vision. The tear film is substantially shaped by the shape of the underlying cornea. The tear film includes a fluid that is mostly water, but also includes additional components such as mucoids and lipids. In some embodiments, the tear film includes a meniscus. In some embodiments, the meniscus is one or more of the upper meniscus or the lower meniscus of the subject's eye. In some embodiments, the tear meniscus is one or more of the upper meniscus or the lower meniscus of the subject's eye. Many nerve fibers in the cornea provide sensations that facilitate blinking, which can be covered by the cornea with the tear film.

[0141] In some embodiments, the soft cover or covering is a lens as described herein. In some embodiments, the soft cover or covering is a contact lens as described herein. The embodiments described herein can be used to treat the eye in many ways using one or more coverings. In some embodiments, the covering comprises a contact lens. In some embodiments, the covering is a soft contact lens. In some embodiments, the covering and / or contact lens can mask astigmatism. In some embodiments, the covering and / or contact lens is used to treat astigmatism in the eye. Such contact lenses can include one or more astigmatism masking contact lenses. Contact lenses can come in various versions. In some embodiments, the covering comprises one or more soft lenses that fit normally. In some cases, contact lenses can be used for long-term vision correction with extended wear. In some embodiments, contact lenses are used to treat astigmatism. In some embodiments, the covering and / or contact lenses are used in combination with or after surgery to improve results and / or recovery. In some embodiments, the lens placed on the cornea conforms to peripheral irregularities and does not conform to central irregularities, and the lens has a partially truncated area between the periphery and the center of the lens.

[0142] Unlike toric soft contact lenses, which require stabilization to place the corrective cylinder on the proper axis, the lenses of the present disclosure do not require stabilization. Thus, the lenses of the present disclosure may not have a mechanism for stabilizing the rotation of the lens relative to a particular cylinder of the eye. In some embodiments, the lenses of the present disclosure may not have an orientation feature or indicator to stabilize the rotation of the lens relative to a particular cylinder of the eye. In some embodiments, the lenses of the present disclosure may not include a prismatic ballast (e.g., a thickness difference across the lens profile that determines the rotational orientation of the lens) or a periballast (i.e., a val flange). In some embodiments, the lenses of the present disclosure may not have a non-prismatic ballast feature such as a thin zone, double slab-off, or dynamic stabilization. In some embodiments, the lenses do not require the addition of a back toric feature or a front toric feature to orient the lens. In some embodiments, the lenses are configured to correct ocular refractive error without the need to be rotationally fitted to the eye. In some embodiments, the lenses are configured to correct ocular refractive error without the need to be oriented in a particular position when fitted to the eye.

[0143] In some embodiments, provided herein is a soft contact lens for correcting ocular refractive error (e.g., astigmatism) of an eye, the lens including an inner portion, a peripheral portion, and an interface connecting the inner portion and the peripheral portion, the interface being configured such that when the lens is placed on the eye, the inner portion arches over a portion of the cornea to form a lenticular volume between the inner portion and the cornea, and at least a portion of the peripheral portion conforms to the ocular surface.

[0144] In some embodiments, provided herein is a soft contact lens for correcting ocular refractive error (e.g., astigmatism) of an eye, the lens including an inner portion, a peripheral portion, and an interface connecting the inner portion and the peripheral portion, the interface being configured to have greater flexibility than the peripheral portion or the inner portion, or both the peripheral portion and the inner portion.

[0145] In some embodiments, provided herein is a soft contact lens for correcting ocular refractive error (e.g., astigmatism) of an eye, the lens including an inner portion having an outer periphery, a peripheral portion having an inner periphery, and an interface connecting the outer periphery of the inner portion to the inner periphery of the peripheral portion, the interface configured to reduce transmission of mechanical forces from the peripheral portion to the inner portion.

[0146] In some embodiments, the soft contact lens can correct or mask ocular refractive errors of the eye. In some embodiments, the ocular refractive error includes one or more of corneal irregularities, coma, astigmatism, or higher order aberrations of the eye. In some embodiments, the ocular refractive error includes corneal irregularities, astigmatism, or higher order aberrations of the eye. In some embodiments, the ocular refractive error is a corneal irregularity. In some embodiments, the ocular refractive error is coma. In some embodiments, the ocular refractive error is astigmatism. In some embodiments, the ocular refractive error is a higher order aberration. In some embodiments, the optical aberration of the eye is a first order aberration or a spherical aberration. In some embodiments, the optical aberration of the eye is a second order aberration or a cylindrical aberration. In some embodiments, the optical aberration is a third order aberration or a coma.

[0147] In some embodiments, the interface is configured such that sectors of the inner portion arch over a portion of the cornea to form a lenticular volume between such sectors of the inner portion and the cornea, and such that when the lens is placed on the eye, at least a portion of the peripheral portion conforms to the ocular surface to maintain the lenticular volume beneath the arched sectors of the inner portion.

[0148] FIG. 10 shows an example of a cornea with astigmatism that includes steep meridians (solid lines) and flat meridians (dashed lines). For example, the steep meridians may have a smaller base curve (e.g., radius of curvature) than the flat meridians. In some embodiments, the flat meridians have a larger radius of curvature than the steep meridians. In some embodiments, the steep meridians are more curved than the flat meridians. In some embodiments, the steep meridians have a base curve of about 7.4 mm and the flat meridians have a base curve of about 7.6 mm. FIG. 11 is a graph showing the meridian difference between a cornea 1130 with astigmatism and a contact lens 1120 of the present disclosure fitted over the astigmatism, where the x-axis represents the distance from the center of the cornea, indicated at 1150, to the edge, and the y-axis represents the distance from the sclera to the apex of the cornea. The contact lens 1120 has a single base curve in a neutral configuration, but when placed on the eye, at least a portion of the peripheral portion conforms to the cornea in an area proximal to the edge 1125a. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the peripheral portion conforms to the cornea and is relatively flat. In some embodiments, the height profile (dash-dotted line) of the contact lens 1120 is relatively flat at its center and conforms to the shape of the cornea proximal to the corneal apex 1125b. In some embodiments, the center of the contact lens contacts the apex of the cornea. The area between the steep portion 1130 of the cornea having astigmatism and the lens 1120 creates a volume between the cornea and the lens. In some embodiments, 1140 indicates the height difference between the posterior surface of the lens and the surface of the cornea.

[0149] In some embodiments, the inner portion of the contact lenses provided herein sags over flat meridians and arches over steep meridians. In some embodiments, the junctions are configured such that when the lens is placed on the eye, at least a portion of the inner portion arches over a portion of the cornea to form a lenticular volume between the inner portion and the cornea. In some embodiments, the inner portion arches over the steep meridians due to fluid filling the space (e.g., lenticular volume) between the cornea and the inner portion of the lens. In some embodiments, the inner portion arches over the steep meridians due to junctions and / or fenestrations that allow fluid to access the space between the cornea and the inner portion of the lens. In some embodiments, the fluid filling the space (e.g., lenticular volume) between the cornea and the inner portion of the lens helps maintain the shape of the inner portion. In some embodiments, the space is filled with tear fluid. In some embodiments, the height of the space 1140 is determined by the difference between the flat meridians and the steep meridians and / or by the ability of the lens to resist conforming to the steep meridians.

[0150] As shown in Figure 14A, a contact lens of the present disclosure on the steep meridian of an astigmatic cornea will arch over the steep meridian, and as shown in Figure 14B, a contact lens of the present disclosure on the flat meridian of an astigmatic cornea will fit the cornea more closely (e.g., hang over the flat meridian).

[0151] In some embodiments, the level of astigmatism is related to the difference in corneal curvature between two meridians. In some embodiments, the difference in corneal curvature between two meridians is at least about 0.05 mm, about 0.1 mm, about 0.15 mm, about 0.2 mm, or about 0.3 mm. In some embodiments, the difference in corneal curvature between two meridians is about 0.05 mm to about 0.3 mm. In some embodiments, the difference in corneal curvature between two meridians is about 0.1 mm to about 0.3 mm. In some embodiments, the difference in corneal curvature between two meridians is about 0.2 mm. In some embodiments, the amount of astigmatism may determine the value of the height difference between the posterior surface of the lens and the surface of the cornea 1140. For example, 1D astigmatism may have a different lower height than 2D astigmatism.

[0152] In some embodiments, the height difference between the posterior surface of the inner portion and the surface of the cornea varies across the posterior surface of the inner portion. In some embodiments, the variation in the height difference between the posterior surface of the inner portion and the surface of the cornea across the inner portion is greater than about 0.01 μm, about 0.1 μm, about 0.5 μm, about 1 μm, about 5 μm, about 10 μm, about 50 μm, about 100 μm, or about 200 μm. In some embodiments, the variation in the height difference between the posterior surface of the inner portion and the surface of the cornea across the inner portion is greater than about 1%, about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, or about 50% of the maximum height difference. In some embodiments, the height difference refers to the shortest distance between the posterior surface of the inner portion and the surface of the cornea.

[0153] In some embodiments, the lens includes a junction located between the inner portion and the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, the junction provides a mechanically weak portion and / or provides increased flexibility. In some embodiments, the flexibility of the junction allows the peripheral portion and the inner portion to move separately and / or independently of one another. In some embodiments, the junction dampens the transfer of deformation forces and / or elastic energy from the peripheral portion as the peripheral portion deforms and / or conforms to the ocular surface (e.g., the cornea). In some embodiments, the damping effect of the junction allows the inner portion to substantially maintain its shape as the peripheral portion deforms. In some embodiments, the damping effect of the junction allows the inner portion to maintain its shape. In some embodiments, the shape of the inner portion includes a substantially spherical anterior surface. In some embodiments, maintaining the shape of the inner portion allows the inner portion to arch over at least a portion of the cornea as the peripheral portion conforms to the ocular surface. In some embodiments, the inner portion arches over the steep meridians of the cornea and substantially conforms to the flat meridians of the cornea. In some embodiments, the arching of the inner portion allows the formation of a tear lens. In some embodiments, the inner portion is arched to provide a space that can be filled with tears to form a tear lens. In some embodiments, the tear lens aids in correcting refractive errors of the eye. In some embodiments, the contact lens includes an arched region corresponding to the inner portion. In some embodiments, lenses that include an arched region can include a relatively stiff region to facilitate centering the lens on the eye. In some embodiments, the relatively steep peripheral portion of the lens conforms to the cornea.

[0154] In some embodiments, the contact lenses provided herein correct refractive errors similarly to RGP lenses. In some embodiments, the contact lenses provided herein perform similarly to RGP lenses. In some embodiments, the contact lenses provided herein perform about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95% similarly to RGP lenses. Figures 12A-12C show the performance of RGP lenses in masking astigmatism. Figures 12A-12C show a topographical image of a bare cornea with astigmatism (Figure 12A), a topographical image of a cornea with an RGP lens on the cornea (Figure 12B), and a topographical image of the difference between the two images with and without the RGP lens to show the masking provided by the RGP lens (Figure 12C). For example, as shown in Figure 12A, the cornea has a steeper curve at the top, as shown by the darker shading. Figure 12B shows that placing an RGP lens on an astigmatic cornea results in a uniform curvature of the surface of the eye. FIG. 12C shows the level of masking provided by the RGP lens over the ocular surface, which correlates with the darkness of the shading. Darker shading indicates that the RGP lens arches over the steeper meridians, as indicated by the white dotted lines. Similarly, FIGS. 13A-13C show a topographical image of a bare cornea with astigmatism (FIG. 13A), a topographical image of a cornea with a contact lens described herein thereon (FIG. 13B), and a topographical image of the difference between the two images with and without the contact lens to show the masking provided by the contact lens (FIG. 13C). The subject in FIGS. 13A-13C is the same as the subject in FIGS. 12A-12C. For example, as shown in FIG. 13A, the cornea has a steeper curve at the top, as indicated by the darker shading. FIG. 13B shows that placing a contact lens over an astigmatic cornea results in a uniform curvature of the ocular surface. Figure 13C shows the level of masking provided by a contact lens over the ocular surface, which correlates with the darkness of the shading: Darker shading indicates that the contact lens arches over steeper meridians, as indicated by the white dotted lines.13B and 13C show the spherical correction provided by the contact lenses provided herein. In some embodiments, the anterior surface of the inner portion is substantially spherical.

[0155] In some embodiments, the inner portion of the lenses described herein provides optical correction to the user. In some embodiments, the inner portion substantially covers the pupil. In some embodiments, the inner portion substantially covers the dilated pupil of the subject. In some embodiments, the diameter of the inner portion is at least about 3 mm, about 4 mm, about 5 mm, about 6 mm, about 7 mm, about 8 mm, about 9 mm, or about 10 mm. In some embodiments, the diameter of the inner portion is about 5 mm to about 7 mm. In some embodiments, the diameter of the inner portion is about 6.5 mm. In some embodiments, the diameter of the inner portion is about 6.6 mm. In some embodiments, the radius of the inner portion is at least about 1.5 mm, about 2 mm, about 2.5 mm, about 3 mm, or about 3.5 mm. In some embodiments, the radius of the inner portion is about 3 mm. In some embodiments, the radius of the inner portion is about 3.3 mm. In some embodiments, the radius of the inner portion is about 3.5 mm.

[0156] In some embodiments, the combination of the inner portion and the lenticular volume is configured to correct ocular refractive errors of the eye, including but not limited to astigmatism, coma, corneal irregularities, and other corneal shape related optical aberrations. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens can correct (i.e., mask) at least about 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or more of the ocular refractive errors or aberrations of the eye. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens can correct at least about 20% of the ocular refractive errors or aberrations of the eye. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens can correct at least about 50% of the ocular refractive errors or aberrations of the eye. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens can correct at least about 90% of the ocular refractive errors or aberrations of the eye. In some embodiments, correcting (i.e., masking) a percentage of the ocular refractive error or aberration of an eye refers to improving visual acuity compared to normal visual acuity (e.g., 6 / 6 or 20 / 20 visual acuity).

[0157] In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses can correct (i.e., mask) astigmatism. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses can correct (i.e., mask) astigmatism by at least about 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or more. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses can correct astigmatism by about 20% or more. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses can correct astigmatism by about 25% or more. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses can correct astigmatism by about 90% or more. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses can correct astigmatism by about 95% or more. In some cases, the contact lenses can mask astigmatism by up to about 99%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% or less. In some embodiments, correcting (i.e., masking) astigmatism by a certain percentage refers to improving vision compared to normal vision (e.g., 6 / 6 or 20 / 20 vision).

[0158] In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses can mask astigmatism up to 1 diopter (D). In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses can also mask astigmatism up to 2D. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses can also mask astigmatism up to 3D. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses can also mask astigmatism up to 4D. The soft contact lenses can mask astigmatism by an amount within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses mask astigmatism from 1D to 1.25D. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses mask astigmatism from 0.25D to 1.25D. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses mask astigmatism from 0.5D to 2.5D. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses mask astigmatism from 0.1D to 5D.

[0159] In some embodiments, correcting the ocular refractive error or aberration of the eye includes masking a diameter of the corneal surface of about 1 millimeter (mm), about 2 mm, about 3 mm, about 4 mm, about 5 mm, about 6 mm, about 7 mm, about 8 mm, about 9 mm, about 10 mm, about 11 mm, about 12 mm or more. In some embodiments, masking the ocular refractive error or aberration of the eye includes masking a diameter of the corneal surface of about 12 mm, about 11 mm, about 10 mm, about 9 mm, about 8 mm, about 7 mm, about 6 mm, about 5 mm, about 4 mm, about 3 mm, about 2 mm, about 1 mm or less. The ocular refractive error or aberration of the eye may have an area within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, masking the ocular refractive error or aberration of the eye includes masking a diameter of the corneal surface of about 1 mm to about 12 mm. In some embodiments, the ocular refractive error or aberration of the eye may be located about 8 mm to about 9 mm of the central diameter of the cornea.

[0160] In some embodiments, correcting the astigmatism includes masking a diameter of the corneal surface that is 1 millimeter (mm), 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm or more. In some embodiments, masking the astigmatism includes masking a diameter of the corneal surface that is about 12 mm, 11 mm, 10 mm, 9 mm, 8 mm, 7 mm, 6 mm, 5 mm, 4 mm, 3 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm or less. In some embodiments, the astigmatism area is within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, masking the astigmatism includes masking a diameter of the corneal surface that is about 1 mm to about 12 mm. In some embodiments, the astigmatism area is about 8 mm to about 9 mm of the central diameter of the cornea.

[0161] In some embodiments, the lenses of the present disclosure reduce the number of different contact lenses that need to be manufactured and stored. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses can reduce stock keeping unit (SKU) requirements. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses can reduce stock keeping unit (SKU) requirements by at least about 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99% or more compared to soft toric contact lenses or other conventional contact lenses. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses can reduce SKU requirements by up to about 99%, up to 95%, up to 90%, up to 80%, up to 70%, up to 60%, up to 50% or less compared to soft toric contact lenses or other conventional contact lenses. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses provided herein can reduce SKU requirements by at least 50%. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses provided herein can reduce SKU requirements by at least 80%. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses provided herein can reduce SKU requirements by up to about 95%. The contact lenses can reduce SKU requirements by an amount within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. For example, a soft toric contact lens may require more than 4000 SKUs, whereas the soft contact lenses described herein may require about 500 SKUs or less. In some embodiments, the lenses described herein allow for at least an order of magnitude, and up to two orders of magnitude, reduction in SKUs to cover a range of powers from -9 diopters to +6 diopters.

[0162] In some embodiments, contact lenses may reduce the required fitting time or consultation time at an optometrist, such as the time it takes to find a lens prescription that satisfactorily corrects the user's refractive error. In some embodiments, fitting time is reduced because there are fewer lens options to try and / or a single design of the lenses provided herein is configured to correct a wide range of refractive errors. In some embodiments, fitting time is reduced by about 25% or more. In some embodiments, fitting time is reduced by about 50% or more. In some embodiments, fitting time is reduced by about 80% or more. In some embodiments, fitting time is reduced by about 90% or more. In some embodiments, the lenses do not require fitting.

[0163] In some embodiments, the contact lenses may reduce the number of visits to an eye professional until a final lens fitting is determined. In some embodiments, the number of visits to an eye professional is reduced by about 25% or more. In some embodiments, the number of visits to an eye professional is reduced by about 50% or more. In some embodiments, the number of visits to an eye professional is reduced by about 80% or more. In some embodiments, the number of visits to an eye professional is reduced by at least 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 visits.

[0164] In some embodiments, minimal or no fitting of the lens base curve allows for fitting of a wide range of corneal base curves. In some embodiments, a method for correcting the vision of a subject is described herein. An exemplary method may include identifying a subject in need of vision correction, including astigmatism or optical aberrations of the subject's eye, and providing the subject with at least one of the contact lenses described herein. In some embodiments, there is minimal need to match the base curve of the at least one contact lens to the base curve of the subject's cornea. In some cases, there is no need to match the base curve of the at least one contact lens to the base curve of the cornea.

[0165] In some embodiments, the lenses include a dorsal (posterior) base curve (BC) that is radially the same, e.g., the lenses include the same base curve at the same radius regardless of the meridian angle.

[0166] Provided herein is a lens that can be used to correct astigmatism in a subject's eye. A side cross-sectional view of an exemplary lens 120 placed or positioned on a subject's eye 100 is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1. A top-down three-dimensional ("3D") view of the lens 120 is shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B, 7, 3D, 3E, 3F, 3G, 3H, 3I, 3J. A 3D side cross-sectional view showing the dimensions of the lens 120 is shown in FIG. 1, 14A, and 14B.

[0167] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic side cross-sectional view of a lens 120 positioned or placed on a subject's eye 100. FIG. 4A illustrates a lens positioned above the subject's eye 100. FIG. 4B illustrates a lens placed on the subject's eye 100. In some embodiments, the lens 120 comprises a contact lens. The eye 100 includes a cornea 150 and an ophthalmic lens 110 configured to form an image on a retina (not shown). In some embodiments, the lens 120 is configured to correct or mask astigmatism of the eye 100. In some embodiments, the lens includes a soft lens body having an inner portion 210, a peripheral portion 160, and an interface 130. In some embodiments, the interface 130 is between the inner portion 210 and the peripheral portion 160. In some embodiments, the lens 120 includes a posterior surface and an anterior surface 170. In some embodiments, the anterior surface 170, the posterior surface, or both, of the lens 120 are axially symmetric when the lens 120 is in a neutral configuration. In some embodiments, the lens 120 is in a neutral configuration when it is not placed on any eye or other surface, such as when it is placed in contact lens solution and / or stored. In some embodiments, the anterior surface 170, posterior surface, or both of the lens 120 are rotationally symmetric when the lens 120 is placed on the subject's eye 100. In some embodiments, the anterior surface 170, posterior surface, or both of the lens 120 are rotationally symmetric, such that the lens 120 has the same overall base curve regardless of the meridian of the eye, reducing the need for precise rotational stabilization of the lens 120. In some embodiments, the lens does not provide a cylinder optical power when it is in the neutral configuration. In some embodiments, the lens is axially symmetric. In some embodiments, the lens is rotationally symmetric.

[0168] In some embodiments, the peripheral portion 160 of the lens 120 is placed radially outward from the inner portion 210. In some embodiments, the posterior surface of the peripheral portion 160 is configured to contact the surface of the eye 100 when placed on the eye 100. In some embodiments, the posterior surface of the peripheral portion 160 is configured to conform to the surface of the eye 100. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the posterior surface of the peripheral portion 160 conforms to the surface of the eye 100. In some embodiments, the posterior surface of the peripheral portion 160 is configured to conform to the meridian of the eye 100 such that there is no negligible difference between the sphericity of the cornea 150 and the sphericity of the peripheral portion 160. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the soft lens body within the periphery of the soft lens body is configured to float above the surface of the cornea 150.

[0169] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the inner portion is suspended further above the surface of the cornea compared to another portion of the inner portion. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the inner portion is suspended above the surface of the cornea and another portion of the inner portion conforms to the surface of the cornea. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the inner portion and at least a portion of the peripheral portion are suspended above the surface of the cornea. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the inner portion is suspended further above the surface of the cornea compared to at least a portion of the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the inner portion conforms to the surface of the cornea and at least a portion of the peripheral portion is suspended above the surface of the surface of the cornea.

[0170] In some embodiments, the peripheral portion conforms to both the steep and flat portions of the cornea, while the inner portion arches over the steep portion of the cornea and conforms over the flat portion of the cornea, hi some embodiments, the mechanical deformations induced in the peripheral portion as a result of conforming to two different meridian curves do not mechanically transfer the deformations to the inner portion of the lens.

[0171] In some embodiments, the diameter at which the lens arches over at least a portion of the cornea is the location of the discontinuity (e.g., junction). In some embodiments, the hinge area constitutes the discontinuity. In some embodiments, the hinge area includes fenestration, thinning, or any other feature that causes a localized decrease in lens stiffness. In some embodiments, the hinge area includes a localized treatment to the material or its shape that reduces the transmission of forces between the inner and peripheral portions. In some embodiments, the location of the discontinuity depends on the functional properties desired for such lenses. For example, if one wishes to have an inner portion that is arched and free of optical aberrations when the pupil is dilated to 7 mm, and the peripheral portion conforms to allow stability of the lens, the discontinuity should be substantially 7 mm. For example, if one wishes to allow a smaller optical zone (e.g., inner portion), such as 6 mm, which may improve the central arch shape, in such a case the discontinuity should be substantially 6 mm.

[0172] In some embodiments, the lens 120 further includes a junction 130. In some embodiments, the junction 130 is between the inner portion 210 and the peripheral portion 160. In some embodiments, the junction 130 is disposed at the inner portion 210. In some embodiments, the junction 130 is disposed at the peripheral portion 160. In some embodiments, the junction 130 is disposed circumferentially around the center of the inner portion 210. In some embodiments, the junction 130 is disposed adjacent to the inner portion 210. In some embodiments, the junction 130 is disposed radially. In some embodiments, the junction 130 is continuous across an entire given circumference. FIG. 3D illustrates an example of a lens 120 having continuous junctions 130 disposed circumferentially. In some embodiments, the junctions 130 are discontinuous across only a discrete portion of a given circumference. FIG. 3C illustrates an example of a lens 120 having discontinuous junctions 130 disposed circumferentially. In some embodiments, the joints 130 are radially disposed (i.e., in a direction away from the center of the inner portion 210). In some embodiments, the joints are both circumferentially and radially disposed, such that on some meridians the joints are circumferentially disposed and on some meridians the joints are radially disposed. In some embodiments, the joints 130 are uniformly circumferential. In some embodiments, the joints 130 are not uniformly circumferential.

[0173] In some embodiments, the interface 130 is configured to allow the peripheral portion 160 to conform to the surface of the eye 100 without deforming the inner portion 210. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the peripheral portion 160 of the soft lens body is configured to conform to the surface of the cornea 150 to form a deformation of the soft lens body. In some embodiments, the interface 130 is further configured to substantially prevent the transfer of deformation to the inner portion 210 of the soft continuous lens body, e.g., the interface 130 functions as a hinge or pivot. In some embodiments, the interface 130 is a single groove, multiple grooves, single thinned area, multiple thinned areas, single living hinge, multiple living hinges, single partially cut segment, single partially cut segment, multiple partially cut segments, thin or cut segments distributed around the center of the inner portion 210.

[0174] In some embodiments, the interface is configured such that, when the lens is placed on the eye, the inner portion arches over a portion of the cornea to form a lenticular volume between the inner portion and the cornea, and at least a portion of the peripheral portion conforms to the ocular surface to maintain the lenticular volume.

[0175] In some embodiments, the covering (e.g., lens) includes a hinged, weakened, or pivoting area present between the inner portion and the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, the junction between the inner portion and the peripheral portion is a hinged, weakened, or pivoting area. In some embodiments, the junction is a thinned area (e.g., reduced in thickness relative to an adjacent portion of the lens). In other embodiments, the junction includes a groove, an annulus, a discontinuous segment, a slit, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the junction includes a fenestration.

[0176] In some embodiments, the interface is in the shape of an annulus around the center of the lens. In some embodiments, the annulus includes an inner diameter and an outer diameter. In some embodiments, the inner diameter is the diameter of the interface as described elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, the outer diameter is the diameter of the interface as described elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, the width of the interface is the difference between the outer diameter of the annulus and the inner diameter of the annulus.

[0177] In some embodiments, the lens includes an annular shaped transition zone relative to areas immediately central and surrounding the transition zone, hi some embodiments, the lens includes features that reduce the structural integrity of the annular shaped transition zone relative to areas immediately central and surrounding the transition zone.

[0178] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional thickness of the transition zone is less than the thickness of the immediately adjacent areas in the medial and peripheral portions. In some embodiments, the annulus includes discontinuous features, such as one or more of a depression, a groove, or a fenestration. In some embodiments, the discontinuous features create voids in the lens body. In such embodiments, the voids can weaken the annulus relative to the immediately adjacent non-void areas in the medial and peripheral directions.

[0179] In some embodiments, the structural integrity of the annulus is reduced by cutting or slitting the material partially through the thickness. In some embodiments, the slits remove minimal material, but the mechanical properties may change significantly. The region in the area of ​​the slits may not behave as a bond. The slits may effectively provide a hinge mechanism for the annulus. In some embodiments, the slits do not remove material. In some embodiments, the slits extend from the posterior surface to the anterior surface of the lens. In some embodiments, the slits extend partially through the thickness of the lens. In some embodiments, the interface includes a slit. In such embodiments, the interface has a width of substantially 0 um.

[0180] In some embodiments, the annulus is created by chemical processing. In some embodiments, the chemical processing weakens the joint by a change in material or composition. For example, by incorporating a low modulus polymer into the annulus, the annulus can be made less stiff than the area of ​​the lens immediately in the center and around the annulus. In some embodiments, the reduced modulus is incorporated via a selective hardening process. In some embodiments, the lens is machined from a stock of material that includes annular regions of different polymers. In some embodiments, the transition zone or annular region of the annulus shape is referred to herein as a joint or discontinuity.

[0181] In some embodiments, a location of the weakened area (e.g., discontinuity) that is too central relative to the optical zone may cause optical aberrations. In some embodiments, a location of the weakened area that is too peripheral relative to the optical zone may not achieve sufficient arcuateness. In some embodiments, the optimal diameter of the weakened area (e.g., junction) is 3 mm to 8 mm from the center of the lens. In some embodiments, the junction has a distance of about 2 mm to about 9 mm across the center of the lens.

[0182] In some embodiments, the interface includes a structurally weakened portion. In some embodiments, the structurally weakened portion may include a groove, a thinned region, a hinge, or a cut segment. In some embodiments, the structurally weakened portion may include a material composition that is different from the material composition of the lens body.

[0183] In some embodiments, the interface is prepared by removing a portion of the lens to form the interface. In some embodiments, removing the portion of the lens comprises cutting the portion of the lens. In some embodiments, removing the portion of the lens comprises chemically treating the portion of the lens. In some embodiments, the interface is prepared by chemically treating the portion of the lens that includes the interface. In some embodiments, the chemical treatment comprises selectively hardening the portion of the lens. In some embodiments, the interface is prepared by electrically treating the portion of the lens that includes the interface.

[0184] In some embodiments, the joint comprises one or more of a groove, a thinned area, a hinge, or a cut segment. In some embodiments, the joint comprises a groove. In some embodiments, the joint comprises a thinned area. In some embodiments, the joint comprises a hinge. In some embodiments, the joint comprises a cut segment.

[0185] In some embodiments, the joint portion has a thinner cross-section than the inner portion or the peripheral portion or a combination thereof.

[0186] In some embodiments, the interface comprises a plurality of cut segments. In some embodiments, the interface comprises any suitable number of cut segments. In some embodiments, the interface comprises at least 2 cut segments, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 15, at least 20, at least 30, at least 50, at least 60, at least 100, at least 200 cut segments. In some embodiments, the interface comprises at least 2 cut segments. In some embodiments, the interface comprises at least 4 cut segments. In some embodiments, the interface comprises at least 8 cut segments. In some embodiments, the interface comprises at least 20 cut segments. In some embodiments, the interface comprises fenestration of the lens material.

[0187] In some embodiments, the interface includes a plurality of grooves. In some embodiments, the interface includes any suitable number of grooves. In some embodiments, the interface includes at least 2 grooves, at least 3 grooves, at least 4 grooves, at least 5 grooves, at least 6 grooves, at least 7 grooves, at least 8 grooves, at least 9 grooves, at least 10 grooves, at least 15 grooves, at least 20 grooves, at least 30 grooves, at least 50 grooves, at least 60 grooves, at least 100 grooves, at least 200 grooves.

[0188] In some embodiments, the junction comprises a plurality of slits. In some embodiments, the junction comprises any suitable number of slits. In some embodiments, the junction comprises at least 2 slits, at least 3 slits, at least 4 slits, at least 5 slits, at least 6 slits, at least 7 slits, at least 8 slits, at least 9 slits, at least 10 slits, at least 15 slits, at least 20 slits, at least 30 slits, at least 50 slits, at least 60 slits, at least 100 slits, at least 200 slits.

[0189] In some embodiments, the lens includes a plurality of fenestrations. In some embodiments, the lens includes any suitable number of fenestrations. In some embodiments, the lens includes at least 2 slits, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 15, at least 20, at least 30, at least 50, at least 60, at least 100, at least 200 fenestrations.

[0190] In some embodiments, the joints are arranged in any suitable shape around the center of the lens. In some embodiments, the joints are arranged in a substantially circular shape around the center of the lens. A circular joint is sometimes referred to herein as an annular joint. In some embodiments, the joints are arranged in a circular shape around the center of the lens. In some embodiments, the joints are arranged in an oval shape around the center of the lens. In some embodiments, the joints are arranged in a substantially square shape around the center of the lens. In some embodiments, the joints are arranged in a square shape around the center of the lens. In some embodiments, the joints are symmetrical. In some embodiments, the joints are substantially circumferentially oriented. In some embodiments, the joints are substantially radially oriented.

[0191] In some embodiments, the junctions are positioned in any suitable shape offset from the center of the lens. In some embodiments, the junctions are positioned such that the center of the junction shape is not located directly over the center of the lens or the center of the inner portion. In some embodiments, the center of the junction arrangement is located up to 5 mm from the center of the lens. In some embodiments, the center of the arrangement is located up to 1 mm from the center of the lens. For example, the center of the junction arrangement is 1 micron from the center of the lens.

[0192] In some embodiments, the lens 120 with radially disposed interface 130 requires additional features (i.e., pooling areas) to allow at least a portion of the peripheral portion 160 to conform to the surface of the eye 100 without transmitting deformation to the inner portion 210. In some embodiments, the pooling areas allow for pooling or collection of liquids, including tears and artificial tears. In some embodiments, the interface 130 is disposed on the posterior surface of the lens 120, which can reduce optical aberrations. In some embodiments, the interface 130 is disposed on the anterior surface 170 of the lens 120. In some embodiments, the interface 130 is disposed away from the center of the inner portion 210 of the lens 120 to limit the visual impact of optical aberrations caused by the shape or mechanism of the interface 130. In some embodiments, the interface 130 is disposed away from the distal end of the peripheral portion 160 of the lens 120 to allow at least a portion of the inner portion 210 to arch (i.e., float) 320 over the surface of the cornea 150. In some embodiments, the interface 130 defines an area where the ocular refractive error or optical aberration is masked or reduced relative to the ocular refractive error or optical aberration of the cornea. In some embodiments, the area of ​​ocular refractive error or optical aberration defined by the interface 130 includes ocular refractive error or optical aberration such as astigmatism or coma.

[0193] In some embodiments, the interface 130 can allow for reduced mechanical transmission of peripheral deformations to the inner portion 210 of the lens 120, reducing astigmatism in the inner portion 210. In some embodiments, the inner portion 210 has astigmatism at the periphery of the inner portion 210 and reduced astigmatism near the center of the inner portion 210.

[0194] In some embodiments, the joint has any suitable stiffness. In some embodiments, the joint has a stiffness of about 1.60E+03 MPa*μm 3 ~ approx. 5.00E+08MPa*μm 3 In some embodiments, the joint has a stiffness range of about 1.60E+03 MPa*μm 3 ~ approx. 5.00E+08MPa*μm 3 In some embodiments, the thickness of the joint is less than the thickness of the inner portion or the peripheral portion.

[0195] In some embodiments, the interface is configured to bend to allow the peripheral portion to have a different angle than the inner portion. For example, when the lens is bent, the angle of the inner portion becomes larger than the angle of the peripheral portion. In another example, when the lens is bent, the angle of the inner portion becomes smaller than the angle of the peripheral portion.

[0196] In some embodiments, the bond allows at least a portion of the peripheral portion to conform to the corneal surface without substantially deforming the inner portion. In some embodiments, the presence of the bond results in an arched region in the inner portion. In some embodiments, the bond reduces the transmission of mechanical forces from the peripheral portion to the inner portion.

[0197] In some embodiments, the junction comprises one or more of a flexibility, shape, thickness, curvature, dimension, or material property that is different from that of the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, the junction comprises one or more of a flexibility, shape, thickness, curvature, dimension, or material property that is different from that of a portion of the peripheral portion adjacent to the junction. In some embodiments, the junction comprises a flexibility that is different from that of the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, the junction comprises a flexibility that is higher than that of the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, the junction comprises a material property that is different from that of the peripheral portion. For example, the junction may comprise a Young's modulus that is lower than that of the peripheral portion.

[0198] In some embodiments, the junction comprises one or more of a flexibility, shape, thickness, curvature, dimension, or material property that is different from that of the inner portion. In some embodiments, the junction comprises one or more of a flexibility, shape, thickness, curvature, dimension, or material property that is different from that of a portion of the inner portion adjacent to the junction. In some embodiments, the junction comprises a flexibility that is different from that of the inner portion. In some embodiments, the junction comprises a flexibility that is higher than that of the inner portion. In some embodiments, the junction comprises a material property that is different from that of the inner portion. For example, the junction may comprise a Young's modulus that is lower than that of the inner portion. In some embodiments, the material property comprises a flexural modulus. In some embodiments, the junction has a flexural modulus that is lower than that of the inner portion, the peripheral portion, or both. In some embodiments, the material property comprises a flexural strength. In some embodiments, the junction has a flexural strength that is lower than that of the inner portion, the peripheral portion, or both.

[0199] In some embodiments, the adhesive forces allow the lens to adhere to the corneal surface while allowing for about 0.1 mm to about 1.0 mm of contact lens movement after blinking. In some embodiments, the lens adheres to the corneal surface while allowing for some lens movement after blinking, as is commonly desired in the art.

[0200] In some embodiments, the body of the lens comprises any material property, hi some embodiments, the material property comprises Young's modulus, tensile modulus, tensile strength, or modulus of elasticity.

[0201] In some embodiments, the inner portion has any suitable thickness. In some embodiments, the peripheral portion has any suitable thickness. In some embodiments, the inner portion has a thickness of about 50 μm to about 750 μm. In some embodiments, the inner portion has a uniform thickness throughout. In some embodiments, the peripheral portion has a thickness of about 50 μm to about 750 μm. In some embodiments, the peripheral portion has a uniform thickness throughout. In some embodiments, the peripheral portion has a non-uniform thickness. In some embodiments, the thickness of the joint is about 0 μm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the joint is at least about 0.1 μm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the peripheral portion is up to about 750 μm. In some embodiments, the joint has a thickness of about 0 μm to about 750 μm. In some embodiments, the joint has a thickness of about 0 μm to about 300 μm. In some embodiments, the joint has a thickness of about 0 μm to about 200 μm. In some embodiments, the joint has a thickness of 0 μm to about 100 μm. In some embodiments, the junction has a thickness of about 0.1 μm to about 200 μm. In some embodiments, the junction has a thickness of about 10 μm to about 200 μm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the junction is less than the thickness of the inner portion or the peripheral portion immediately adjacent the junction. In some embodiments, the thickness of the junction is less than the thickness of the inner portion or the peripheral portion closer to the junction.

[0202] In some embodiments, the thickness of the inner portion increases the amount of astigmatism reduction. In some embodiments, the thickness of the peripheral portion increases the amount of astigmatism reduction. In some embodiments, the thickness of the inner or peripheral portion does not significantly affect the amount of astigmatism reduction.

[0203] In some embodiments, the thickness of the inner portion is non-uniform. In some embodiments, the thickness of the inner portion is uniform.

[0204] In some embodiments, the thickness of the peripheral portion varies from the inner circumference to the outer circumference of the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, the thickness of the peripheral portion varies based on the distance from the junction. In some embodiments, the peripheral portion has a thickness gradient from the junction to the outer circumference. In some embodiments, the thickness of the peripheral portion is non-uniform. In some embodiments, the thickness around the circumference of the peripheral portion at a given distance from the center of the lens does not vary by more than about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, or 30% around the circumference. In some embodiments, the thickness around the circumference of the peripheral portion at a given distance from the center of the lens does not vary by more than about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100 μm around the circumference. In some embodiments, the thickness of the peripheral portion is the same as the thickness of the inner portion. In some embodiments, the thickness of the peripheral portion is different from the thickness of the inner portion.

[0205] In some embodiments, the inner perimeter of the peripheral portion is at or adjacent to the junction. In some embodiments, the outer perimeter of the peripheral portion is the outer perimeter of the lens. In some embodiments, the outer perimeter of the inner portion is at or adjacent to the junction. In some embodiments, the perimeter of the junction is equal to the outer perimeter of the inner portion and the inner perimeter of the peripheral portion.

[0206] In some embodiments, the thickness of the peripheral portion refers to the thickness of the peripheral portion adjacent to the junction. In some embodiments, the thickness of the peripheral portion refers to the thickness at or near the midpoint between the inner circumference and the outer circumference. In some embodiments, the thickness of the peripheral portion refers to the thickness at or near the inner circumference of the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, the thickness of the peripheral portion refers to the thickness at or near the outer circumference of the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, the thickness of the inner portion refers to the thickness of the inner portion adjacent to the junction. In some embodiments, the thickness of the inner portion refers to the thickness of the inner portion at or near the midpoint between the center and the outer circumference of the inner portion. In some embodiments, the thickness of the inner portion refers to the thickness at or near the inner circumference of the inner portion. In some embodiments, the thickness of the inner portion refers to the thickness at or near the outer circumference of the inner portion.

[0207] In some embodiments, the ratio of the thickness of the joint to the thickness of the inner portion ranges from about 1:1 to about 1:1000, from about 1:1 to about 1:100, or from about 1:1 to about 1:10. In some embodiments, the ratio of the thickness of the joint to the thickness of the inner portion is about 1:1 to 1:10.

[0208] In some embodiments, the ratio of the thickness of the joint to the thickness of the peripheral portion ranges from about 1:1 to about 1:1000, from about 1:1 to about 1:100, or from about 1:1 to about 1:10. In some embodiments, the ratio of the thickness of the joint to the thickness of the peripheral portion is about 1:10 to 1:10.

[0209] In some embodiments, the thickness is taken (i.e., measured) from a portion of the inner portion adjacent the junction. In some embodiments, the ratio may be infinite (e.g., when the junction has a fenestration that is zero thickness).

[0210] In some embodiments, thickness refers to the average (e.g., mean) thickness. In some embodiments, thickness refers to the maximum cross-sectional distance. In some embodiments, thickness refers to the average cross-sectional distance.

[0211] In some embodiments, one or more mechanical properties of the peripheral portion vary from the inner periphery to the outer periphery of the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, one or more mechanical properties of the peripheral portion vary based on distance from the junction. In some embodiments, the peripheral portion has a gradient of one or more mechanical properties from the junction to the periphery. Mechanical and material properties of lenses and lens components are described elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, properties are taken from a portion of the peripheral portion adjacent the junction.

[0212] In some embodiments, the soft contact lens has a posterior surface in which at least a portion of the inner portion substantially arches over the steep corneal area and a portion of the inner portion substantially conforms over the flat corneal area, and in such contact lenses, the posterior surface of the peripheral area substantially conforms over both the steep and flat areas of the peripheral cornea.

[0213] In some embodiments, the inner portion 210 arches (i.e., floats) over the steeper meridians or areas of the eye 100 when the lens 120 is placed on the eye 100, allowing the anterior surface 170 of the inner portion 210 to be more spherical than the cornea 150. In some embodiments, the diameter of the arched region of the inner portion 210 is determined by the location of the junction 130 from the center of the inner portion 210. In some embodiments, there is astigmatism at the center of the junction 130, and a different masking effect at the center of the inner portion 210. In some embodiments, the different effect is more pronounced at the periphery of the inner portion 210.

[0214] In some embodiments, the lens 120 includes one or more optic zones. In some embodiments, the one or more optic zones are disposed in a floating portion of the soft lens body, and the one or more optic zones are disposed over at least a portion of the lenticular volume 180. In some embodiments, the one or more optic zones are disposed away from the floating portion of the soft lens body, and the one or more optic zones are not disposed in any portion of the lenticular volume 180. In some embodiments, the diameter of the one or more optic zones is the same as the diameter of the lenticular volume 180. In some embodiments, the diameter of the one or more optic zones is smaller than the diameter of the lenticular volume 180. In some embodiments, the diameter of the one or more optic zones is larger than the diameter of the lenticular volume 180.

[0215] In some embodiments, the inner portion of the lens or the lens is an optic zone. In some embodiments, the inner portion of the lens or the lens comprises one or more optic zones.

[0216] In some embodiments, the diameter of one or more optical zones is any suitable length.In some embodiments, the diameter of one or more optical zones is at least about 0.5 mm, at least 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, at least 2.5 mm, at least 3.5 mm, at least 4 mm, at least 4.5 mm, at least 5 mm, at least 5.5 mm, at least 6 mm, at least 6.5 mm, at least 7 mm, at least 7.5 mm, at least 8 mm, at least 8.5 mm, at least 9 mm, at least 9.5 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 10.5 mm, at least 11 mm, at least 11.5 mm, at least 12 mm, or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, the diameter of one or more optical zones is up to about 12 mm, up to 11.5 mm, up to 11 mm, up to 10.5 mm, up to 10 mm, up to 9.5 mm, up to 9 mm, up to 8.5 mm, up to 8 mm, up to 7.5 mm, up to 7 mm, up to 6.5 mm, up to 6 mm, up to 5.5 mm, up to 5 mm, up to 4.5 mm, up to 4 mm, up to 3.5 mm, up to 3 mm, up to 2.5 mm, up to 2 mm, 1.5 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm, or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, the diameter of one or more optical zones is within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the diameter of one or more optical zones is about 8 mm. In some embodiments, the diameter of one or more optical zones is within a range of about 6 mm to about 9 mm.

[0217] In some embodiments, the one or more optical zones each independently provide different optical powers to the eye. In some embodiments, the one or more optical zones are multiple optical zones. In some embodiments, the one or more optical zones are simultaneous. In some embodiments, the one or more optical zones are segmented. In some embodiments, the one or more optical zones are simultaneous or segmented. In some embodiments, the one or more simultaneous optical zones are either concentric (concentric circles with varying curvature) or aspheric (having a curvature that varies across the surface of the lens rather than a uniform spherical shape). In some embodiments, the one or more simultaneous optical zones are concentric. In some embodiments, the one or more simultaneous optical zones are aspheric.

[0218] In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the anterior surface of one or more optical zones is at least about 5 mm, at least about 5.5 mm, at least about 6 mm, at least about 6.5 mm, at least about 7 mm, at least about 7.5 mm, at least about 8 mm, at least about 8.5 mm, at least about 9 mm, at least about 9.5 mm, at least about 10 mm, at least about 10.5 mm, at least about 11 mm, at least about 11.5 mm, at least about 12 mm, at least about 12.5 mm, or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the anterior surface of one or more optical zones is up to about 12.5 mm, up to about 12 mm, up to about 11.5 mm, up to about 11 mm, up to about 10.5 mm, up to about 10 mm, up to about 9.5 mm, up to about 9 mm, up to about 8.5 mm, up to about 8 mm, up to about 7.5 mm, up to about 7 mm, up to about 6.5 mm, up to about 6 mm, up to about 5.5 mm, up to about 5 mm, or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the anterior surface of one or more optical zones is within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the anterior surface of one or more optical zones is about 8.5 mm. In some embodiments, the second radius of curvature of the anterior surface of one or more optical zones is within a range of about 5 mm to about 12.5 mm.

[0219] In some embodiments, the lenses have an average base curvature of at least about 5 mm, at least about 5.5 mm, at least about 6 mm, at least about 6.5 mm, at least about 7 mm, at least about 7.5 mm, at least about 8 mm, at least about 8.5 mm, at least about 9 mm, at least about 9.5 mm, at least about 10 mm, at least about 10.5 mm, at least about 11 mm, at least about 11.5 mm, at least about 12 mm, at least about 12.5 mm, or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, the contact lenses have an average curvature of up to about 12.5 mm, up to about 12 mm, up to about 11.5 mm, up to about 11 mm, up to about 10.5 mm, up to about 10 mm, up to about 9.5 mm, up to about 9 mm, up to about 8.5 mm, up to about 8 mm, up to about 7.5 mm, up to about 7 mm, up to about 6.5 mm, up to about 6 mm, up to about 5.5 mm, up to about 5 mm, or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, the contact lens has a mean curvature within the range defined by any two of the preceding values. In some embodiments, the contact lens has a mean curvature between about 5 mm and about 12.5 mm. In some embodiments, the contact lens has a mean curvature between about 6.5 mm and about 9.5 mm.

[0220] In some embodiments, the inner portion 210 includes an optical zone. In some embodiments, the inner portion is an optical zone.

[0221] In some embodiments, the junction 130 is located away from the center of the inner portion 210. (e.g., the center of the optical zone of the lens 120). In some embodiments, the junction is located any suitable distance from the center of the inner portion. In some embodiments, the location of the junction from the center of the inner portion comprises the radius of the junction. In some embodiments, the radius of the junction is used to determine the diameter of the junction by multiplying the value of the radius by two. In some embodiments, the junction 130 is at least about 1 millimeter (mm), at least 1.2 mm, at least 1.4 mm, at least 1.6 mm, at least 1.8 mm, at least 2 mm, at least 2.2 mm, at least 2.4 mm, at least 2.6 mm, at least 2.8 mm, at least 3 mm, at least 3.2 mm, at least 3.4 mm, at least 3.6 mm, at least 3.8 mm, at least 4 mm, at least 4.2 mm, at least 4.4 mm, at least 4.6 mm, at least 4.8 mm, at least 5 mm, at least 5.2mm, at least 5.4mm, at least 5.6mm, at least 5.8mm, at least 6mm, at least 6.2mm, at least 6.4mm, at least 6.6mm, at least 6.8mm, at least 7mm, at least 7.2mm, at least 7.4mm, at least 7.6mm, at least 7.8mm, at least 8mm, at least 8.2mm, at least 8.4mm, at least 8.6mm, at least 8.8mm, at least 9mm or more away from the center of the inner portion 210 of the lens 120 (e.g., the center of the optical zone of the lens 120).In some embodiments, the joint 130 may be up to about 9 mm, up to 8.8 mm, up to 8.6 mm, up to 8.4 mm, up to 8.2 mm, up to 8 mm, up to 7.8 mm, up to 7.6 mm, up to 7.4 mm, up to about 7.2 mm, up to 7 mm, up to 6.8 mm, up to 6.6 mm, up to 6.4 mm, up to 6.2 mm, up to 6 mm, up to 5.8 mm, up to 5.6 mm, up to 5.4 mm, up to 5.2 mm, up to 5 mm, up to 4.8 mm, up to At most 4.6 mm, at most 4.4 mm, at most 4.2 mm, at most 4 mm, at most 3.8 mm, at most 3.6 mm, at most 3.4 mm, at most 3.2 mm, at most 3 mm, at most 2.8 mm, at most 2.6 mm, at most 2.4 mm, at most 2.2 mm, at most 2 mm, at most 1.8 mm, at most 1.6 mm, at most 1.4 mm, at most 1.2 mm, at most 1 mm away from the center of the inner portion 210 of the lens 120, or the center of the optical zone of the lens 120. In some embodiments, the junction 130 is located away from the center of the inner portion 210 (e.g., the center of the optical zone of the lens 120) at a distance within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the junction 130 is located about 1 mm to about 9 mm away from the center of the inner portion 210 of the lens 120, which may include the optical zone of the lens 120 or may be the optical zone of the lens 120. In some embodiments, junction 130 is about 1 mm to about 7 mm from the center of inner portion 210. In some embodiments, junction 130 is about 2 mm to about 5 mm from the center of inner portion 210. In some embodiments, junction is located about 1 mm to about 4.5 mm from the center of the lens.

[0222] The junctions may have any suitable cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the junctions 130 have any cross-sectional shape including square, rectangular, circular, semicircular, curved, triangular, or any other geometric shape. In some embodiments, the junctions include a square cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the junctions include a rectangular cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the junctions include a circular cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the junctions include a semicircular cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the junctions include a curved cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the junctions include a triangular cross-sectional shape.

[0223] In some embodiments, the lens includes one or more optic zones and one or more non-optical zones (e.g., peripheral portions). In some embodiments, the lens includes at least one discrete discontinuity, also referred to herein as a discontinuity. In some embodiments, the at least one discrete discontinuity is a junction. In some embodiments, the at least one discrete discontinuity is a fenestration. In some embodiments, the at least one discrete discontinuity is a channel. In some embodiments, the at least one discrete discontinuity is a groove. In some embodiments, the at least one discrete discontinuity is an opening. In some embodiments, the at least one discrete discontinuity is a slit. In some embodiments, the at least one discrete discontinuity is a thinned portion (i.e., a portion having a thickness less than a thickness of the inner portion, a portion having a thickness less than a thickness of the peripheral portion, or a thickness less than the thickness of both the inner portion and the peripheral portion). In some embodiments, the at least one discrete discontinuity is a hinge. In some embodiments, the at least one discrete discontinuity is a living hinge.

[0224] In some embodiments, the lens includes at least one discontinuity (e.g., a junction). In some embodiments, the lens includes a groove. In some embodiments, the lens includes a fenestration and a groove. In some embodiments, the fenestration is located at or near the discontinuity. In some embodiments, the lens includes a fenestration and a groove, and the groove or the fenestration, or both, are located at the junction.

[0225] In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is located away from the center of one or more optical zones. In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is located away from the center of one or more optical zones by at least about 1 millimeter (mm), at least 1.2 mm, at least 1.4 mm, at least 1.6 mm, at least 1.8 mm, at least 2 mm, at least 2.2 mm, at least 2.4 mm, at least 2.6 mm, at least 2.8 mm, at least 3 mm, at least 3.2 mm, at least 3.4 mm, at least 3.6 mm, at least 3.8 mm, at least 4 mm, at least 4.2 mm, at least 4.4 mm, at least 4.6 mm, at least 4.8 mm, at least At least 5 mm, at least 5.2 mm, at least 5.4 mm, at least 5.6 mm, at least 5.8 mm, at least 6 mm, at least 6.2 mm, at least 6.4 mm, at least 6.6 mm, at least 6.8 mm, at least 7 mm, at least 7.2 mm, at least 7.4 mm, at least 7.6 mm, at least 7.8 mm, at least 8 mm, at least 8.2 mm, at least 8.4 mm, at least 8.6 mm, at least 8.8 mm, at least 9 mm or more away from the center of one or more optical zones of the continuous lens body. In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is greater than or equal to about 9 mm, greater than or equal to 8.8 mm, greater than or equal to 8.6 mm, greater than or equal to 8.4 mm, greater than or equal to 8.2 mm, greater than or equal to 8 mm, greater than or equal to 7.8 mm, greater than or equal to 7.6 mm, greater than or equal to 7.4 mm, greater than or equal to 7.2 mm, greater than or equal to 7 mm, greater than or equal to 6.8 mm, greater than or equal to 6.6 mm, greater than or equal to 6.4 mm, greater than or equal to 6.2 mm, greater than or equal to 6 mm, greater than or equal to 5.8 mm, greater than or equal to 5.6 mm, greater than or equal to 5.4 mm, greater than or equal to 5.2 mm, greater than or equal to 5. mm, max. 4.8 mm, max. 4.6 mm, max. 4.4 mm, max. 4.2 mm, max. 4 mm, max. 3.8 mm, max. 3.6 mm, max. 3.4 mm, max. 3.2 mm, max. 3 mm, max. 2.8 mm, max. 2.6 mm, max. 2.4 mm, max. 2.2 mm, max. 2 mm, max. 1.8 mm, max. 1.6 mm, max. 1.4 mm, max. 1.2 mm, max. 1 mm or less away from the center of one or more optical zones of the continuous lens body.In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is located at a distance within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values ​​from the center of one or more optical zones. In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is located at about 1 mm to about 9 mm from the center of one or more optical zones of the continuous lens body. In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is located at about 1 mm to about 7 mm from the center of one or more optical zones of the continuous lens body. In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is located at about 1 mm to about 5 mm from the center of one or more optical zones of the continuous lens body. In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is located at about 1 mm to about 6.5 mm from the center of one or more optical zones of the continuous lens body. In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is located at about 1 mm to about 4.5 mm from the center of one or more optical zones of the continuous lens body. In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is located at about 2 mm to about 6 mm from the center of one or more optical zones of the continuous lens body. In some embodiments, the junction has a distance (eg, diameter) of about 2 mm to about 13 mm.

[0226] In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is located on any portion of the anterior lens surface. In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is located on any portion of the posterior lens surface. In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is located on any portion of both the anterior and posterior surfaces.

[0227] In some cases, locating the at least one discrete discontinuity away from the center of the inner or peripheral portion may reduce potential optical artifacts that may be caused by the at least one discrete discontinuity.

[0228] In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is disposed on the anterior surface, the posterior surface, or both. In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity spans a given circumference of the lens, as shown in FIG. 3D. In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity spans only a discrete portion of a given circumference, as shown in FIGS. 3A-3C, 3E. In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity does not include fenestration, as shown in FIGS. 3H and 3I. In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is radially disposed (i.e., in a direction away from the center of the continuous lens body), as shown in FIGS. 3F-3I. In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is disposed in both the circumferential and radial directions, as shown in FIG. 3J. In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is disposed in two or more orientations. In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is disposed both circumferentially and radially (i.e., on some meridians, at least one discrete discontinuity is disposed circumferentially and on some meridians, at least one discrete discontinuity is disposed radially). In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is uniformly disposed around a given circumference of the continuum. In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is non-uniformly disposed around a given circumference of the continuum.

[0229] In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity has a different thickness than the continuous lens body.

[0230] In some embodiments, the discontinuities are radially distributed. In some embodiments, the radial discontinuities are distributed along at least one axis of the lens body, such as an axis defining a meridian of the lens body. In some embodiments, the radii formed by the radial discontinuities create one or more sectors of the contact lens. In some embodiments, the one or more sectors are defined by the angle between any two adjacent radial distributions of the at least one discontinuity.

[0231] In some embodiments, one or more sectors have an angle of at least about 1 degree, 2 degrees, 3 degrees, 4 degrees, 5 degrees, 6 degrees, 7 degrees, 8 degrees, 9 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 50 degrees, 60 degrees, 70 degrees, 80 degrees, 90 degrees, 100 degrees, 120 degrees, 140 degrees, 160 degrees, 180 degrees, or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, one or more sectors have an angle of up to about 180 degrees, 160 degrees, 140 degrees, 120 degrees, 100 degrees, 90 degrees, 80 degrees, 70 degrees, 60 degrees, 50 degrees, 40 degrees, 30 degrees, 20 degrees, 10 degrees, 9 degrees, 8 degrees, 7 degrees, 6 degrees, 5 degrees, 4 degrees, 3 degrees, 2 degrees, 1 degree, or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, one or more sectors have an angle within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, one or more sectors have an angle between about 1 degree and about 180 degrees. In some embodiments, one or more sectors have an angle between about 70 degrees and about 90 degrees.

[0232] In some embodiments, the distance between each of the radially distributed discontinuities is about 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, or any value therebetween.

[0233] In some embodiments, the number of radially distributed discontinuities is proportional to the radius formed by the radially distributed discontinuities. For example, if the radius of the radially distributed discontinuities is about 8 mm and the distance between each radially distributed discontinuity is about 1 mm, then the number of discontinuities distributed along any given radius is about 4.

[0234] In some embodiments, the junctions include a plurality of junctions. In some embodiments, the plurality of junctions are evenly distributed around the center of the soft lens body. In some embodiments, the junctions are located at least 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 50 degrees, 60 degrees, 70 degrees, 75 degrees, 80 degrees, or 90 degrees away from another junction. In some embodiments, the plurality of junctions are non-uniformly distributed around the center of the soft lens body. In some embodiments, the plurality of junctions are distributed circumferentially. In some embodiments, the plurality of junctions are distributed radially. In some embodiments, at least one junction of the plurality of junctions is spaced a distance of about 1 mm from an adjacent junction. In some embodiments, the plurality of junctions are distributed along at least one meridian of the soft lens body. In some embodiments, a radius defined by the radially distributed plurality of junctions is about 3 mm to about 8 mm. In some embodiments, the plurality of junctions are located about 3 mm to about 9 mm from the center of the soft lens body. In some embodiments, the multiple abutments are distributed along the length of the soft lens body, hi some embodiments, the length of the soft lens body is the radius, diameter, or circumference of the lens body.

[0235] In some embodiments, the at least one discrete discontinuity is one or more fenestrations disposed in a single lens body, as shown in FIG. 3A. In some embodiments, the at least one discrete discontinuity is a discontinuous junction along the circumference of the boundary between the inner portion and the peripheral portion, and may include one or more fenestrations within each discontinuous region, as shown in FIG. 3B. In some embodiments, the at least one discrete discontinuity is a discontinuous junction along the circumference of the boundary between the inner portion and the peripheral portion, and may include one or more fenestrations proximate each discontinuous region, as shown in FIG. 3C. In some embodiments, the at least one discrete discontinuity is a continuous junction along the circumference of the boundary between the inner portion and the peripheral portion, and may include one or more fenestrations proximate the continuous junction, as shown in FIG. 3D. In some embodiments, the at least one discrete discontinuity is a fenestration region between the inner portion and the peripheral portion, as shown in FIG. 3E. In some embodiments, the at least one discrete discontinuity may be radially distributed around the center of the lens and may include one or more fenestrations proximate each radial discontinuity, as shown in FIG. 3F. In some embodiments, the at least one discrete discontinuity may be radially distributed around the center of the lens and may include one or more fenestrations at each radial discontinuity, as shown in FIG. 3G. In some embodiments, the at least one discrete discontinuity is a discontinuous junction along the circumference of the boundary between the inner portion and the peripheral portion, as shown in FIG. 3H. In some embodiments, the at least one discrete discontinuity is a continuous junction along the circumference of the boundary between the inner portion and the peripheral portion, as shown in FIG. 3I. In some embodiments, the at least one discrete discontinuity includes multiple discontinuous junctions along the circumference of the boundary between the inner portion and the peripheral portion and multiple radially oriented discontinuous junctions, as shown in FIG. 3J.

[0236] In some embodiments, the area under the arcuate region of the inner portion 210 of the lens 120 forms the lenticular volume 180. In some embodiments, any of at least one sector of the soft lens body is capable of floating above the surface of the cornea 150 to form at least a portion of the lenticular volume 180 when the soft lens body is placed on the eye 100. In some embodiments, the lenticular volume is formed between the anterior surface of the inner portion and the corneal surface of the eye. In some embodiments, the lenticular volume 180 functions as a chamber. In some embodiments, the chamber is configured to store a fluid, such as tears or artificial tears, that keeps the eye 100 or its surface moist and prevents the eye from drying out. In some embodiments, the chamber configured to store a fluid adds to the comfort experienced by the subject during use of the lens 120. In some embodiments, the lenticular volume 180 is referred to herein as a tear lens. In some embodiments, the lenticular volume forms a tear lens on the corneal surface. In some embodiments, the lenticular volume is filled with a liquid (e.g., tears).

[0237] In some embodiments, the lenticular volume 180 provides optical power to a subject when placed in the eye 100. In some embodiments, the lenticular volume 180 does not provide optical power when placed in the eye 100. In some embodiments, the combination of the inner portion and the lenticular volume is configured to correct an ocular refractive error of the eye. In some embodiments, the combination of the inner portion and the lenticular volume is configured to correct an ocular refractive error of up to about 5.5 diopters (D). In some embodiments, the combination of the inner portion and the lenticular volume is configured to correct an ocular refractive error of up to about 2.5 diopters (D). In some embodiments, the combination of the inner portion and the lenticular volume is configured to correct an ocular refractive error of up to about 1.5 diopters (D).

[0238] FIG. 4A shows the lens positioned over the subject's eye 100. FIG. 4B shows the lens placed on the subject's eye 100. FIGS. 3A-3J show perspective views of lens 120. In some embodiments, lens 120 is substantially similar to any of the lenses described herein. In some embodiments, lens 120 includes a plurality of fenestrations 220. In some embodiments, the plurality of fenestrations 220 are configured to encourage fluid, such as tears or artificial tears, to flow into and out of lenticular volume 180, such as when eye 100 blinks. In some embodiments, the flow of fluid forms a tear film on lens 120 (e.g., covering) and / or on eye 100, which makes lens 120 more comfortable for the wearer. In some embodiments, lenticular volume 180 is filled with a fluid that provides mechanical support to an arcuate region of inner portion 210 of lens 120, potentially reducing the effective astigmatism of eye 100. In some embodiments, the inner portion of the lens is configured to correct an ocular refractive error of up to about 5.5 diopters (D). In some embodiments, the inner portion of the lens is configured to correct an ocular refractive error of up to about 2.5 diopters (D). In some embodiments, the inner portion of the lens is configured to correct an ocular refractive error of up to about 1.5 diopters (D). In some embodiments, the optical correction is provided by a combination of the inner portion and the lenticular volume.

[0239] In some embodiments, the fenestrations 220 have any suitable shape to provide tear drainage. Suitable shapes include, for example, circular, elliptical, oval, rectangular, square, slot, or any combination of the foregoing. In some embodiments, each of the multiple fenestrations 220 may have the same shape, or at least some of the fenestrations may have different shapes. In some embodiments, the fenestrations have a maximum dimension (hole size) of about 50 μm to about 700 μm. In certain embodiments, the fenestrations have a maximum dimension of about 100 μm to about 500 μm. In certain embodiments, the fenestrations have a maximum dimension of about 200 μm to about 400 μm. Each fenestration may have the same maximum dimension. In some embodiments, at least one of the fenestrations may have a different dimension.

[0240] In some embodiments, the fenestrations are radially distributed. In some embodiments, the radial fenestrations are distributed along at least one axis of the lens body, such as an axis defining a meridian of the lens body. In some embodiments, the radii formed by the radial fenestrations create one or more sectors of the contact lens. In some embodiments, the one or more sectors are defined by the angle between any two adjacent radial distributions of at least one fenestration. In some embodiments, the one or more sectors have an angle of at least about 1 degree, 2 degrees, 3 degrees, 4 degrees, 5 degrees, 6 degrees, 7 degrees, 8 degrees, 9 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, 50 degrees, 60 degrees, 70 degrees, 80 degrees, 90 degrees, 100 degrees, 120 degrees, 140 degrees, 160 degrees, 180 degrees, or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, one or more sectors have an angle of up to about 180 degrees, 160 degrees, 140 degrees, 120 degrees, 100 degrees, 90 degrees, 80 degrees, 70 degrees, 60 degrees, 50 degrees, 40 degrees, 30 degrees, 20 degrees, 10 degrees, 9 degrees, 8 degrees, 7 degrees, 6 degrees, 5 degrees, 4 degrees, 3 degrees, 2 degrees, 1 degree, or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, one or more sectors have an angle within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, one or more sectors have an angle of about 1 degree to about 180 degrees. In some embodiments, one or more sectors have an angle of about 70 degrees to about 90 degrees.

[0241] In some embodiments, the distance between each of the radially distributed fenestrations is about 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, or any value therebetween.

[0242] In some embodiments, the number of radially distributed fenestrations is proportional to the radius formed by the radially distributed fenestrations. For example, if the radius of the radially distributed fenestrations is about 8 mm and the distance between each radially distributed fenestration is about 1 mm, then the number of fenestrations distributed along any given radius is about 4.

[0243] In some embodiments, the lens comprises one or more fenestrations, hi some embodiments, the number of fenestrations is at least about 1, at least 5, at least 10, at least 15, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 40 or more.

[0244] In some embodiments, the multiple fenestrations are disposed on the inner portion, the outer portion, or both the inner and outer portions. In some embodiments, the fenestrations are disposed adjacent to the junction. In some embodiments, the fenestrations are disposed on the junction. In some embodiments, the fenestrations are disposed adjacent to and on the junction. In some embodiments, the multiple fenestrations are configured to induce inflow and outflow of tear fluid into and out of the lenticular volume when the eye blinks.

[0245] In some embodiments, at least one fenestration of the plurality of fenestrations extends from an anterior surface of the peripheral portion to a posterior surface of the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, the posterior surface of the peripheral portion comprises one or more grooves configured to provide a fluid flow path between the at least one fenestration and the lenticular volume. In some embodiments, the fenestration is configured to allow fluid to flow into and out of the lenticular volume.

[0246] In some embodiments, the at least one fenestration is connected to at least one groove above the tear meniscus in distance, intermediate, and near vision. In some embodiments, the at least one groove is radially or circumferentially disposed on the contact lens. In some embodiments, the at least one groove is on the posterior surface of the contact lens. In some embodiments, the at least one groove is in fluid communication with the at least one fenestration. In some embodiments, the at least one groove extends radially from the at least one fenestration toward the periphery of the contact lens, at least in some cases, to facilitate tear flow from a portion adjacent to the periphery of the contact lens. In some embodiments, the at least one groove extends from the at least one fenestration to a relatively more inner portion of the contact lens, for example, to facilitate tear flow into the formed lenticular volume. In some embodiments, the contact lens has a plurality of grooves.

[0247] In some embodiments, the one or more fenestrations include a plurality of fenestrations. In some embodiments, the plurality of fenestrations are evenly distributed around a center of the soft lens body. In some embodiments, the fenestrations are positioned at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, or 90 degrees away from another fenestration. In some embodiments, the plurality of fenestrations are non-uniformly distributed around a center of the soft lens body. In some embodiments, the plurality of fenestrations are distributed circumferentially. In some embodiments, the plurality of fenestrations are distributed radially. In some embodiments, at least one fenestration of the plurality of fenestrations is spaced a distance of about 1 mm from an adjacent fenestration. In some embodiments, the plurality of fenestrations are distributed along at least one meridian of the soft lens body. In some embodiments, a radius defined by the plurality of radially distributed fenestrations is about 3 mm to about 8 mm. In some embodiments, the fenestrations are located about 3 mm to about 9 mm from the center of the soft lens body. In some embodiments, the fenestrations are distributed along the length of the soft lens body. In some embodiments, the length of the soft lens body is the radius, diameter, or circumference of the lens body.

[0248] In some embodiments, the plurality of fenestrations 220 are disposed on any portion of the front surface of the lens 120. In some embodiments, the plurality of fenestrations 220 are disposed on the peripheral portion 160. In some embodiments, the plurality of fenestrations 220 are disposed on the junction 130. In some embodiments, the plurality of fenestrations 220 are disposed on the inner portion 210.

[0249] In some embodiments, the junction comprises one or more fenestrations.

[0250] In some embodiments, the one or more fenestrations are positioned any suitable distance from the center of the inner portion. In some embodiments, the plurality of fenestrations 220 are at least about 3 millimeters (mm), at least 3.1 mm, at least 3.2 mm, at least 3.3 mm, at least 3.4 mm, at least 3.5 mm, at least 3.6 mm, at least 3.7 mm, at least 3.8 mm, at least 3.9 mm, at least 4 mm, at least 4.1 mm, at least 4.2 mm, at least 4.3 mm, at least 4.4 mm, at least 4.5 mm, at least 4.6 mm, at least 4.7 mm, at least 4.8 mm, at least 4.9 mm, at least 5 mm, at least 5.1 mm, at least 5.2 mm, at least 5.3 mm, at least 5.4 mm, at least 5.5 mm, at least 5.6 mm, at least 5.7 mm, at least 5.8 mm, at least 5.9 mm, at least at least 6.0 mm, at least 6.1 mm, at least 6.2 mm, at least 6.3 mm, at least 6.4 mm, at least 6.5 mm, at least 6.6 mm, at least 6.7 mm, at least 6.8 mm, at least 6.9 mm, at least 7 mm, at least 7.1 mm, at least 7.2 mm, at least 7.3 mm, at least 7.4 mm, at least 7.5 mm, at least 7.7 mm, at least 7.8 mm, at least 7.9 mm, at least 8 mm, at least 8.1 mm, at least 8.2 mm, at least 8.3 mm, at least 8.4 mm, at least 8.5 mm, at least 8.6 mm, at least 8.7 mm, at least 8.8 mm, at least 8.9 mm, at least 9 mm or more away from the center of the inner portion 210 of the lens 120 (e.g., the center of the optical zone of the lens 120).In some embodiments, the plurality of fenestrations 220 may be up to about 9mm, up to 8.9mm, up to 8.8mm, up to 8.7mm, up to 8.6mm, up to 8.5mm, up to 8.4mm, up to 8.3mm, up to 8.2mm, up to 8.1mm, up to 8mm, up to 7.9mm, up to 7.8mm, up to 7.7mm, up to 7.6mm, up to 7.5mm, up to 7.4mm, up to 7.3mm, up to 7.2mm, up to 7.1mm, up to 7mm, up to 6.9mm, up to 6.8mm, up to 6.7mm, up to 6.6mm, up to 6.5mm, up to 6.4mm, up to 6.3mm, up to 6.2mm, up to 6.1mm, up to 6mm, up to 5. 9 mm, up to 5.8 mm, up to 5.7 mm, up to 5.6 mm, up to 5.5 mm, up to 5.4 mm, up to 5.3 mm, up to 5.2 mm, up to 5.1 mm, up to 5 mm, up to 4.9 mm, up to 4.8 mm, up to 4.7 mm, up to 4.6 mm, up to 4.5 mm, up to 4.4 mm, up to 4.3 mm, up to 4.2 mm, up to 4.1 mm, up to 4 mm, up to 3.9 mm, up to 3.8 mm, up to 3.7 mm, up to 3.6 mm, up to 3.5 mm, up to 3.4 mm, up to 3.3 mm, up to 3.2 mm, up to 3.1 mm, up to 3 mm or less away from the center of the inner portion 210 of the lens 120, or the center of the optical zone of the lens 120. In some embodiments, the plurality of fenestrations 220 is located a distance away from the center of the inner portion 210 (e.g., the center of the optical zone of the lens 120) within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the plurality of fenestrations 220 is located about 3 mm to about 9 mm away from the center of the inner portion 210 of the lens 120, which may include or be the optical zone of the lens 120. In some embodiments, the plurality of fenestrations 220 is about 5 mm away from the center of the inner portion 210. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, one fenestration of the plurality of fenestrations 220 is about 1 mm to about 8 mm away from the center of the inner portion 210. In some embodiments, the plurality of fenestrations 220 is about 3 mm to about 8 mm away from the center of the inner portion 210.

[0251] In some embodiments, the distance between the fenestrations and the junctions is about 0 mm to about 5 mm. In some embodiments, the distance between the fenestrations and the junctions is 0 mm. In some embodiments, the distance between the fenestrations and the junctions is about 0 mm to about 5 mm. In some embodiments, the anterior surface is continuous except for the fenestrations.

[0252] In some cases, locating the fenestrations 220 away from the inner portion 210 (e.g., optical zone) helps to reduce potential optical artifacts that may be caused by the fenestrations 220. In other embodiments, the fenestrations 220 are inside the inner portion 210 (e.g., optical zone) of the lens 120. In some embodiments, the fenestrations 220 are partially inside and / or partially outside the inner portion 210 (e.g., optical zone) of the lens 120. In some embodiments, the fenestrations (e.g., the fenestrations 220 or other fenestrations) are small enough in diameter and few enough in number that no perceptible visual artifacts are produced. In some embodiments, the fenestrations are close to the inner portion 210 (e.g., optical zone) of the lens 120. In some embodiments, the fenestrations are partially inside. In some embodiments, the fenestrations are entirely within the inner portion 210 (e.g., optical zone) of the lens 120.

[0253] In some embodiments, the fenestration has any suitable characteristic dimension, in some embodiments, the characteristic dimension (length, width, or diameter) of the fenestration (e.g., fenestration 220) is at least about 0.01 mm, at least 0.02 mm, at least 0.03 mm, at least 0.04 mm, at least 0.05 mm, at least 0.06 mm, at least 0.07 mm, at least 0.08 mm, at least 0.09 mm, at least 0.1 mm, at least 0.2 mm, at least 0.3 mm, at least 0.4 mm, at least 0.5 mm, at least 0.6 mm, at least 0.7 mm, at least 0.8 mm, at least 0.9 mm, at least 1 mm, or more. In some embodiments, the characteristic dimension of the fenestration is up to about 1 mm, up to 0.9 mm, up to 0.8 mm, up to 0.7 mm, up to 0.6 mm, up to 0.5 mm, up to 0.4 mm, up to 0.3 mm, up to 0.2 mm, up to 0.1 mm, up to 0.09 mm, up to 0.08 mm, up to 0.07 mm, up to 0.06 mm, up to 0.5 mm, up to 0.04 mm, up to 0.03 mm, up to 0.02 mm, up to 0.01 mm or less. In some embodiments, the characteristic dimension of the fenestration is within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the characteristic dimension of the fenestration is within a range of about 0.01 mm to about 1 mm. In some embodiments, the characteristic dimension of the fenestration is within a range of about 0.05 mm to about 1 mm. In some embodiments, the characteristic dimension of the fenestration is within a range of about 0.05 mm to about 0.5 mm. In some embodiments, the characteristic dimension of the fenestration is about 0.4 mm.

[0254] In some embodiments, the fenestration has any suitable cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the plurality of fenestrations 220 has any cross-sectional shape including square, rectangular, circular, semicircular, curved, triangular, or any other geometric shape. In some embodiments, the fenestration comprises a square cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the fenestration comprises a rectangular cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the fenestration comprises a circular cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the fenestration comprises a semicircular cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the fenestration comprises a curved cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the fenestration comprises a triangular cross-sectional shape.

[0255] In some embodiments, the fenestration is at least about 0.0001 millimeters squared ("mm 2 " ), 0.0003mm 2 , 0.0006mm 2 , 0.0009mm 2 , 0.001mm 2 , 0.002mm 2 , 0.0004mm 2 , 0.006mm 2 , 0.008mm 2 , 0.01mm 2 , 0.02mm 2 , 0.04mm 2 , 0.06mm 2 , 0.08mm 2 , 0.1mm 2 , 0.2mm 2 , 0.3mm 2 , 0.4mm 2 , 0.5mm 2 , 0.6mm 2 , 0.7mm 2 , 0.8mm 2 , 0.9mm 2 , 1mm 2 , 1 mm 2 , 3 mm 3 , 4 mm 4 , 5 mm 5 mm 6 mm 7 mm 8 mm 9 mm 10 mm 11 mm 12 mm 13 mm 14 mm 15 mm 16 mm 17 mm 18 mm 19 mm 20 mm 21 mm 22 mm 23 mm 24 mm 25 mm 26 mm 27 mm 28 mm 29 mm 30 mm 3 2 , 0.9mm 2 , 0.8mm 2, 0.7mm 2 , 0.6mm 2 , 0.5mm 2 , 0.4mm 2 , 0.3mm 2 , 0.2mm 2 , 0.1mm 2 , 0.08mm 2 , 0.06mm 2 , 0.04mm 2 , 0.02mm 2 , 0.01mm 2 , 0.008mm 2 , 0.006mm 2 , 0.004mm 2 , 0.002mm 2 , 0.001mm 2 , 0.0009mm 2 , 0.0006mm 2 , 0.0003mm 2 , 0.0001mm 2 , 0.0001 mm 2 , 1.0001 mm 3 , 1.500 mm 4 , 1.0001 mm 5 , 1.500 mm 6 , 1.0001 mm 7 , 1.500 mm 8 , 1.0001 mm 9 , 1.0001 mm 10 , 1.0001 mm 11 , 1.000 2 ~about 1mm 2 In some embodiments, the fenestration has a cross-sectional area of ​​about 0.0025 mm 2 ~about 0.25mm 2 has a cross-sectional area of

[0256] In some embodiments, the posterior surface of the lens 120 includes additional features such as discrete pooling areas, radial channels, circumferential channels, or combinations thereof that can facilitate fluid flow from the anterior surface 170 across the posterior surface. In some embodiments, the posterior surface of the lens includes discrete pooling areas. In some embodiments, the posterior surface of the lens includes radial channels. In some embodiments, the posterior surface of the lens includes circumferential channels. In some embodiments, the additional features described herein are integrated with the junction 130. In some embodiments, the posterior surface of the lens includes discontinuities. In some embodiments, the posterior surface of the lens includes junctions. In some embodiments, the additional feature is a fenestration. In some embodiments, the additional feature is a thin area of ​​the lens. In some embodiments, the additional feature is any other feature or combination of features that locally reduces the stiffness of the lens 120, or any other manipulation of the lens material or its shape that reduces the transmission of forces between the inner portion 210 and the peripheral portion 160. In some embodiments, the additional feature traverses the inner portion 210, the junction 130, and the peripheral portion 160.

[0257] In some embodiments, lens 120 further includes one or more channels configured to allow fluid to flow into and out of lenticular volume 180. In some embodiments, the one or more channels are disposed on the posterior surface.

[0258] In some embodiments, the one or more channels are radially arranged on the soft lens body. In some embodiments, the one or more channels are radially arranged to allow fluid to flow from the peripheral portion 160 to the inner portion 210.

[0259] In some embodiments, the anterior surface 170 and the posterior surface of the lens 120 do not have protrusions extending from the surfaces.

[0260] In some embodiments, the orientation of the discontinuities affects the reduction of astigmatism.

[0261] Exemplary lens dimensions are shown in Figures 3A-3J and 5. Junction 130 of lens 120 (e.g., junction 130 of Figures 1, 3A-3J, and 5) can include a junction width 420 (e.g., the length between the outer diameter and inner diameter of junction 130). In some embodiments, the junction width is any suitable width. In some embodiments, junction width 420 is less than about 2000 micrometers (μm). In some embodiments, the joint width 420 is about at most about 2000 μm, at most 1900 μm, at most 1800 μm, at most 1700 μm, at most 1600 μm, at most 1500 μm, at most 1400 μm, at most 1300 μm, at most 1200 μm, at most 1100 μm, at most 1000 μm, at most 900 μm, at most 800 μm, at most 700 μm, at most 600 μm, at most 500 μm, at most 400 μm, at most 300 μm, at most 200 μm, at most 100 μm, at most 50 μm, at most 10 μm, at most 1 μm or less. In some embodiments, the joint width is about 0 μm (e.g., slit). In some embodiments, the width of the junction is at least about 1 μm, at least 10 μm, at least 50 μm, at least 100 μm, at least 200 μm, at least 300 μm, at least 400 μm, at least 500 μm, at least 600 μm, at least 700 μm, at least 800 μm, at least 900 μm, at least 1000 μm, at least 1100 μm, at least 1200 μm, at least 1300 μm, at least 1400 μm, at least 1500 μm, at least 1600 μm, at least 1700 μm, at least 1800 μm, at least 1900 μm, at least 2000 μm or more. The junction width 420 is within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the width of the junction is about 0 μm (e.g., slit). In some embodiments, the junction width 420 is about 1000 μm. In some embodiments, the junction comprises a width of about 1 μm to about 2000 μm.

[0262] In some embodiments, the sagittal height of the lens 120 refers to the height from the central apex of the posterior surface of the lens to the plane bounded by the periphery of the lens. In some embodiments, the sagittal height of the lenticular volume is any suitable height. In some embodiments, the sagittal height is within about 5 micrometers of the sagittal height of the cornea. In some embodiments, the sagittal height of the lenticular volume is at least about 1 μm, at least 1.25 μm, at least 1.5 μm, at least 1.75 μm, at least 2 μm, at least 2.25 μm, at least 2.5 μm, at least 2.75 μm, at least 3 μm, at least 3.25 μm, at least 3.5 μm, at least 3.75 μm, at least 4 μm, at least 4.25 μm, at least 4.5 μm, at least 4.6 μm, at least 4.7 μm, at least 4.8 μm, at least 4.9 μm, at least 5 μm, at least 5. 1 μm, at least 5.2 μm, at least 5.3 μm, at least 5.4 μm, at least 5.5 μm, at least 5.6 μm, at least 5.7 μm, at least 5.8 μm, at least 5.9 μm, at least 6.1 μm, at least 6.2 μm, at least 6.3 μm, at least 6.4 μm, at least 6.5 μm, at least 7 μm, at least 7.5 μm, at least 8 μm, at least 8.5 μm, at least 9 μm, at least 9.5 μm, at least 10 μm, at least 15 μm, at least 20 μm, at least 25 μm, at least 30 μm or more.In some embodiments, the sagittal height of the lenticular volume is up to about 30 μm, up to 25 μm, up to 20 μm, up to 15 μm, up to 10 μm, up to 9.5 μm, up to 9 μm, up to 8.5 μm, up to 8 μm, up to 7.5 μm, up to 7 μm, up to 6.5 μm, up to 6.4 μm, up to 6.3 μm, up to 6.2 μm, up to 6.1 μm, up to 6 μm, up to 5.9 μm, up to 5.8 μm, up to 5.7 μm, up to 5.6 μm, up to 5.5 μm, up to 5.6 μm, up to 5.7 μm, up to 5.8 ... μm, up to 5.4 μm, up to 5.3 μm, up to 5.2 μm, up to 5.1 μm, up to 5 μm, up to 4.9 μm, up to 4.8 μm, up to 4.7 μm, up to 4.6 μm, up to 4.5 μm, up to 4.25 μm, up to 4 μm, up to 3.75 μm, up to 3.5 μm, up to 3.25 μm, up to 3 μm, up to 2.75 μm, up to 2.5 μm, up to 2.25 μm, up to 2 μm, up to 1.75 μm, up to 1.5 μm, up to 1.25 μm, up to 1 μm or less. In some embodiments, the sagittal height of the lenticular volume is within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values ​​from the sagittal height of the cornea. In some embodiments, the lens has a sagittal height of about 1 μm to about 100 μm. In some embodiments, the lenses have a sagittal height of about 5 μm to about 70 μm.

[0263] Lens 120 can include a lens diameter 410 (e.g., as shown in FIG. 5). In some embodiments, lens diameter 410 is about 14.5 mm. In some embodiments, lens diameter 410 is at least about 8 mm, at least 8.5 mm, at least 9 mm, at least 9.5 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 10.5 mm, at least 11 mm, at least 11.5 mm, at least 12 mm, at least 12.5 mm, at least 13 mm, at least 13.1 mm, at least 13.2 mm, at least 13.3 mm, at least 13.4 mm, at least 13.5 mm, at least 13.6 mm, at least 13.7 mm, at least 13.8 mm, at least 13.9 mm, at least 14 mm, at least 14.1 mm, at least 14.2 mm, at least 14.3 mm, at least 14.4 mm, at least at least 14.5mm, at least 14.6mm, at least 14.7mm, at least 14.8mm, at least 14.9mm, at least 15mm, at least 15.1mm, at least 15.2mm, at least 15.3mm, at least 15.4mm, at least 15.5mm, at least 15.6mm, at least 15.7mm, at least 15.8mm, at least 15.9mm, at least 16mm, at least 16.1mm, at least 16.2mm, at least 16.3mm, at least 16.4mm, at least 16.5mm, at least 16.6mm, at least 16.7mm, at least 16.8mm, at least 16.9mm, at least 17mm or more.In some embodiments, the lens is up to about 17 mm, up to about 16.9 mm, up to about 16.8 mm, up to about 16.7 mm, up to about 16.6 mm, up to about 16.5 mm, up to about 16.4 mm, up to about 16.3 mm, up to about 16.2 mm, up to 16.1 mm, up to 16 mm, up to 15.6 mm, up to 15.5 mm, up to 15.4 mm, up to 15.3 mm, up to 15.2 mm, up to 15.1 mm, up to 15 mm, up to 14.9 mm, up to 14.8 mm, up to 14.7 mm, up to 14.6 mm, up to 14.7 mm, up to 14.8 mm, up to 14.9 mm, up to 14.9 mm, up to 14.8 mm, up to 14.7 mm, up to 14.8 ... In some embodiments, the lens comprises a diameter 410 within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the lens diameter is the diameter when the lens is in a neutral position. In some embodiments, the lens diameter is the diameter when the lens is flat. In some embodiments, the lens diameter is the diameter when the lens is fitted to the eye.

[0264] In some embodiments, the lens 120 includes a base radius (R1) 460 that corresponds to the curvature of the inner portion 210 (the base curvature, base curve, or radius of curvature of the inner portion). In some embodiments, the lens further includes a second radius (R2) 480 (the peripheral curvature, or radius of curvature of the peripheral portion) that corresponds to the peripheral portion 160 of the lens. In some embodiments, the base radius (R1) 460 is approximately the same as or approximately equal to the base radius (R2) 480 when the lens 120 is in a neutral configuration (e.g., when the lens 120 is not placed on any eye or other surface, e.g., when the lens 120 is placed and / or stored in a contact lens solution). In some embodiments, the base radius (R1) 460 is different from the base radius (R2) 480. In some embodiments, the base radius (R1) 460 is at least about 7 mm, at least 7.1 mm, at least 7.2 mm, at least 7.3 mm, at least 7.4 mm, at least 7.5 mm, at least 7.6 mm, at least 7.7 mm, at least 7.8 mm, at least 7.86 mm, at least 7.9 mm, at least 8 mm, at least 8.1 mm, at least 8.2 mm, at least 8.3 mm, at least 8.4 mm, at least 8.5 mm, at least 8.6 mm, at least 8.7 mm, at least 8.8 mm, at least 8.9 mm, at least 9 mm or more. In some embodiments, the base radius is up to about 9 mm, up to 8.9 mm, up to 8.8 mm, up to 8.7 mm, up to 8.6 mm, up to 8.5 mm, up to 8.4 mm, up to 8.3 mm, up to 8.2 mm, up to 8.1 mm, up to 8 mm, up to 7.9 mm, up to 7.8 mm, up to 7.7 mm, up to 7.6 mm, up to 7.5 mm, up to 7.4 mm, up to 7.3 mm, up to 7.2 mm, up to 7.1 mm, up to 7 mm or less. In some embodiments, the base radius (R1) 460 is within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the base radius (R1) 460 is within a range between about 7 mm and about 9 mm. In some embodiments, the base radius (R1) 460 is within a range between about 6 mm and about 10 mm. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the inner portion is within a range between about 6 mm and about 10 mm.In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the inner portion is within the range of about 7 mm to about 9 mm.

[0265] In some embodiments, the second radius (R2) 480 is at least about 6 millimeters (mm), 6.1 mm, at least 6.2 mm, at least 6.3 mm, at least 6.4 mm, at least 6.5 mm, at least 6.6 mm, at least 6.7 mm, at least 6.8 mm, at least 6.9 mm, at least 7 mm, at least 7.1 mm, at least 7.2 mm, at least 7.3 mm, at least 7.4 mm, at least 7.5 mm, at least 7.6 mm, at least 7.7 mm, at least 7.8 mm, at least 7.9 mm, at least 8 mm, at least 8.1 mm, at least 8.2 mm, at least 8.3 mm, at least 8.4 mm, at least 8.5 mm, at least 8.6 mm, at least 8.7 mm, at least 8.8 mm, at least 8.9 mm, at least 9 mm, at least 9.1 mm, at least 9.2 mm, The curvature may be at least 9.3 mm, at least 9.4 mm, at least 9.5 mm, at least 9.6 mm, at least 9.7 mm, at least 9.8 mm, at least 9.9 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 10.1 mm, at least 10.2 mm, at least 10.3 mm, at least 10.4 mm, at least 10.5 mm, at least 10.6 mm, at least 10.7 mm, at least 10.8 mm, at least 10.9 mm, at least 11 mm, at least 11.1 mm, at least 11.2 mm, at least 11.3 mm, at least 11.4 mm, at least 11.5 mm, at least 11.6 mm, at least 11.7 mm, at least 11.8 mm, at least 11.9 mm, at least 12 mm, at least 12.5 mm, at least 13 mm, at least 14 mm, at least 14.5 mm, at least 15 mm or more.In some embodiments, the second radius (R2) 480 is at most about 15 mm, at most about 14.5 mm, at most about 14 mm, at most about 13 mm, at most about 12.5 mm, at most about 12 mm, at most about 11.9 mm, at most about 11.8 mm, at most about 11.7 mm, at most about 11.6 mm, at most about 11.5 mm, at most about 11.4 mm, at most about 11.3 mm, at most 11.2 mm, at most 11.1 mm, at most 11 mm, at most 10.9 mm, at most 10.8 mm, at most 10.7 mm, at most 10.6 mm, at most 10.5 mm, at most 10.4 mm, at most 10.3 mm, at most 10.2 mm, at most 10.1 mm, at most 10 mm, at most 9.9 mm, at most 9.8 mm, at most 9.7 mm, at most 9.6 mm. m, max 9.5 mm, max 9.4 mm, max 9.3 mm, max 9.2 mm, max 9.1 mm, max 9 mm, max 8.9 mm, max 8.8 mm, max 8.7 mm, max 8.6 mm, max 8.5 mm, max 8.4 mm, max 8.3 mm, max 8.2 mm, max 8.1 mm, max 8 mm, max 7.9 mm, max 7.8 mm, max 7.7 mm, max 7.6 mm, max 7.5 mm, max 7.4 mm, max 7.3 mm, max 7.2 mm, max 7.1 mm, max 7 mm, max 6.9 mm, max 6.8 mm, max 6.7 mm, max 6.6 mm, max 6.5 mm, max 6.4 mm, max 6.3 mm, max 6.2 mm, max 6.1 mm, max 6 mm or less. In some embodiments, the second radius (R2) 480 has a curvature within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the peripheral curvature comprises a radius (R2) 480 in the range of about 9 mm to about 10 mm. In some embodiments, the peripheral curvature comprises a radius (R2) 480 of about 9.324 mm. In some embodiments, the peripheral curvature comprises a radius (R2) 480 in the range of about 6.5 mm to about 14.5 mm. In some embodiments, the peripheral curvature comprises a radius (R2) 480 in the range of about 6 mm to about 15 mm. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the peripheral portion is in the range of about 6 mm to about 15 mm.

[0266] In some embodiments, the ratio of the base radius (R1) to the second radius (R2) is from about 7:15 to about 3:2. In some embodiments, the ratio of the first radius of curvature of the inner portion to the second radius of curvature of the peripheral portion is from about 7:15 to about 3:2. In some embodiments, the ratio of the first radius of curvature of the inner portion to the second radius of curvature of the peripheral portion is from about 1:1. In some embodiments, R1 is the radius of curvature of the inner portion and R2 is the radius of curvature of the peripheral portion.

[0267] In some embodiments, the first radius of curvature of the inner portion changes less than the second radius of curvature of the peripheral portion when the peripheral portion is deformed. In some embodiments, the first radius of curvature of the inner portion changes less than the second radius of curvature of the peripheral portion when the peripheral portion is deformed means that the peripheral portion deforms from the joint to increase the second radius of curvature.

[0268] In some embodiments, the inner portion has a circumference of about 0 mm to about 5 mm about the central axis of the lens 330. In some embodiments, the peripheral portion has a circumference of about 1.5 mm to about 8 mm about the central axis of the lens. In some embodiments, the ratio of the circumference of the inner portion to the circumference of the peripheral portion about the central axis of the lens is about 1:10 to about 5:1.

[0269] In some embodiments, the inner portion has a radius about the central axis of the lens 330 of about 0 mm to about 5 mm. In some embodiments, the peripheral portion has a radius about the central axis of the lens of about 1.5 mm to about 8 mm. In some embodiments, the ratio of the radius of the inner portion to the radius of the peripheral portion about the central axis of the lens is about 1:10 to about 5:1.

[0270] In some embodiments, the lenticular volume between at least a portion of the posterior surface and the cornea is any suitable volume. In some embodiments, the lenticular volume 180 between at least a portion of the posterior surface and the cornea 150 has a total volume of about 0.001 microliters ("μL") to about 10 μL. In some embodiments, the lenticular volume 180 has a total volume of at least about 0.001 μL, at least 0.002 μL, at least 0.003 μL, at least 0.004 μL, at least 0.005 μL, at least 0.006 μL, at least 0.007 μL, at least 0.008 μL, at least 0.009 μL, at least 0.01 μL, at least 0.02 μL, at least 0.04 μL, at least 0.06 μL 0.08 μL, at least 0.1 μL, at least 0.3 μL, at least 0.6 μL, at least 0.9 μL, at least 1 μL, at least 2 μL, at least 3 μL, at least 4 μL, at least 5 μL, at least 6 μL, at least 7 μL, at least 8 μL, at least 9 μL, at least 10 μL, or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, the lens volume 180 has a total volume of up to about 10 μL, up to 9 μL, up to 8 μL, up to 7 μL, up to 6 μL, up to 5 μL, up to 4 μL, up to 3 μL, up to 2 μL, up to 1 μL, up to 0.9 μL, up to 0.6 μL, up to 0.3 μL, up to 0.1 μL, up to 0.08 μL, up to 0.06 μL, up to 0.06 μL, up to 0.04 μL, up to 0.02 μL, up to 0.01 μL, up to 0.009 μL, up to 0.008 μL, up to 0.007 μL, up to 0.006 μL, up to 0.005 μL, up to 0.004 μL, up to 0.003 μL, up to 0.002 μL, up to 0.001 μL, or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, lenticular volume 180 has a total volume within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values.

[0271] In some embodiments, when the lens is fitted to the eye, the distribution of lenticular volume varies throughout the lens, hi some embodiments, the lenticular volume is smaller in peripheral portions of the lens compared to inner portions of the lens.

[0272] In some embodiments, at least one sector of the soft lens body from the center (e.g., central axis 330) of the soft lens body to the periphery of the soft lens body is configured to float above the cornea 150 to form at least a portion of the lenticular volume 180 when the lens 120 is placed on the cornea 150. In some embodiments, any of the at least one sector of the soft lens body can float above the cornea 150 to form at least a portion of the lenticular volume 180 when the soft lens body is placed on the cornea 150.

[0273] In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is located in the optic zone. In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is located in the non-optical region. In some embodiments, at least one discrete discontinuity is located in both the optic and non-optical regions.

[0274] Provided herein are methods for manufacturing lenses. In some embodiments, the junction 130 of the lens 120 is formed by molding, machining, chemical etching, and / or laser etching. In some embodiments, the junction 130 of the lens 120 is formed by molding. In some embodiments, the junction 130 of the lens 120 is formed by machining. In some embodiments, the junction 130 of the lens 120 is formed by etching (e.g., chemical etching or laser etching). In some embodiments, the junction 130 is formed by a method other than molding or etching, as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the teachings herein.

[0275] In some embodiments, the front surface 170 of the inner portion 210 is characterized by a substantially spherical profile. In some embodiments, the substantially spherical profile is molded or etched.

[0276] In some embodiments, the lens comprises a polymeric material. In some embodiments, the soft lens body of the lens 120 is made of a single material. In some embodiments, the single material has the same mechanical properties throughout. In some embodiments, the single material is a polymeric material. In some embodiments, the inner portion 210, the interface 130, and the peripheral portion 160 comprise a hydrogel (e.g., silicone hydrogel or pure silicone). In some embodiments, the single material is selected from diacetone acrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, N-carboxyl vinyl ester, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, poly[dimethylsiloxy]di[silibutanol]bis[vinyl carbamate], phosphoryl choline, tris-(trimethylsiloxysilyl)propyl vinyl carbamate, tris-(hydroxylmethyl)aminomethane, siloxane, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone. In some embodiments, the inner portion 210, the interface 130, and the peripheral portion 160 comprise a polymeric material. In some embodiments, the inner portion 210, the joints 130, and the peripheral portion 160 comprise soft materials (e.g., materials comprising a Young's modulus less than 4 MPa). In some embodiments, the materials used for the inner portion 210, the joints 130, and the peripheral portion 160 are biocompatible, inert, non-toxic, and / or non-invasive to the subject's eye. In some embodiments, the materials facilitate fitting the lens to the eye. In some embodiments, the soft material of the lens is comfortable to the subject's eye. In some embodiments, the lens comprises one or more of a number of optically clear materials, such as synthetic or natural materials. In some embodiments, the lens comprises a collagen-based material.Such collagen-based materials and combinations thereof are described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12 / 384,659, entitled "Therapeutic Device for Pain Management and Vision," filed April 6, 2009, and U.S. Publication No. US2010-0036488A1, published February 11, 2010, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties for all purposes. In some embodiments, the lens comprises known synthetic materials such as hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) hydrogels, hydrogels, silicones, hydrated silicones, and derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, the lens comprises HEMA hydrogels. In some embodiments, the optically clear material comprises one or more of silicones, silicone hydrogels, silicones containing resins, silicones containing silicates, acrylates, and collagens. In some embodiments, the silicones include two-component heat-cured and room temperature vulcanizing cured silicones. In some embodiments, polydimethylsiloxane (e.g., NuSil, or poly(dimethyl)(diphenyl)siloxane) is used to mold the lens, e.g., the water content is less than 10% to increase oxygen diffusion through the lens. In some embodiments, the lens 120 comprises a perfluoropolyether or a fluorofocal. In some embodiments, the lens comprises an elastic material such as silicone. In some embodiments, the material allows the lens to seal to the cornea.

[0277] In some embodiments, lens 120 comprises a single material that is uniformly hardened (i.e., each portion of the lens has the same or nearly the same modulus of elasticity). In some embodiments, interface 130 allows lens 120 to comprise a single material and to articulate like a dual-rigidity lens (i.e., an eye cover with one material in its central portion and another, different rigidity material in its peripheral portion) such that inner portion 210 maintains its sphericity when the periphery of lens 120 deforms.

[0278] In some embodiments, the lens material comprises a silicone elastomer having an optically clear silicate disposed thereon. In some embodiments, the material comprises any suitable water content. In some embodiments, the material has a water content of up to about 20%, up to 15%, up to 10%, up to 9%, up to 8%, up to 7%, up to 6%, up to 5%, up to 4%, up to 3%, up to 2%, up to 1% or less. The material may have a water content of at least about 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99% or more. In some embodiments, the material has a water content within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the material comprises a water content of up to about 90%. In some embodiments, the material comprises a moisture content of up to about 10%. In some embodiments, the material comprises a moisture content of up to about 5%.

[0279] In some embodiments, the lenses have any suitable oxygen permeability (Dk). In some embodiments, the lenses have a high oxygen permeability (Dk), which in some embodiments may be greater than 150. In some embodiments, the oxygen permeability of the lenses is between about 30 and 400 Dk. In some embodiments, silicone lenses, including silicates, are treated to provide a wettable surface.

[0280] In some embodiments, the lens comprises a hydrogel, such as a silicone hydrogel. In some embodiments, the lens comprises one or more of a hydrogel, a silicone hydrogel, or a silicone. In some embodiments, the lens comprises a hydrogel. In some embodiments, the lens comprises a silicone hydrogel. In some embodiments, the lens comprises a silicone.

[0281] In some embodiments, the lens comprises one or more of diacetone acrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, N-carboxyl vinyl ester, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, poly[dimethylsiloxy]di[silibtanol]bis[vinylcarbamate], phosphorylcholine, tris-(trimethylsiloxysilyl)propyl vinyl carbamate, tris-(hydroxylmethyl)aminomethane, siloxane, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone. In some embodiments, the lens comprises diacetone acrylamide. In some embodiments, the lens comprises N,N-dimethylacrylamide. In some embodiments, the lens comprises 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. In some embodiments, the lens comprises methacrylic acid. In some embodiments, the lens comprises methyl methacrylate. In some embodiments, the lens comprises N-carboxyl vinyl ester. In some embodiments, the lens comprises N-vinyl pyrrolidone. In some embodiments, the lens comprises poly[dimethylsiloxyl]di[silibtanol]bis[vinylcarbamate]. In some embodiments, the lens comprises phosphorylcholine. In some embodiments, the lens comprises tris-(trimethylsiloxysilyl)propylvinylcarbamate. In some embodiments, the lens comprises tris-(hydroxylmethyl)aminomethane. In some embodiments, the lens comprises a siloxane. In some embodiments, the lens comprises polyvinylpyrrolidone.

[0282] In some embodiments, the water content of the lens material is at least about 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 52%, at least 54%, at least 56%, at least 58%, at least 60%, at least 62%, at least 64%, at least 66%, at least 68%, at least 70%, at least 72%, at least 74%, at least 76%, at least 78%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99% or more. In some embodiments, the water content of the lens material is up to about 99%, up to 95%, up to 90%, up to 85%, up to 80%, up to 78%, up to 76%, up to 74%, up to 72%, up to 70%, up to 68%, up to 66%, up to 64%, up to 62%, up to 60%, up to 58%, up to 56%, up to 54%, up to 52%, up to 50%, up to 45%, up to 40%, up to 35%, up to 30%, up to 25%, up to 20%, up to 15%, up to 10%, up to 5%, or less. In some embodiments, the water content of the lens material is within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the cover / lens material comprises a water content in the range of about 5% to about 99%.

[0283] In some embodiments, the lens comprises any suitable stiffness. In some embodiments, the lens has a stiffness of about 1.25E+0.4MPa*μm 3 ~ approx. 5.00E+08MPa*μm 3 It has a rigidity of .

[0284] In some embodiments, the inner portion 210 has any suitable stiffness. In some embodiments, the peripheral portion 160 has any suitable stiffness. In some embodiments, the inner portion 210 has a stiffness of about 1.25E+04 MPa*μm 3 ~ approx. 5.00E+08MPa*μm 3 In some embodiments, the peripheral portion 160 has a stiffness range of about 1.25E+04 MPa*μm 3~ approx. 5.00E+08MPa*μm 3 In some embodiments, the stiffness of inner portion 210 and peripheral portion 160 is the same. In some embodiments, the stiffness of inner portion 210 and peripheral portion 160 is approximately the same. In some embodiments, the stiffness of inner portion 210 and peripheral portion 160 is different. In some embodiments, the ratio of the stiffness of the inner portion to the stiffness of the peripheral portion is about 1:3 to about 3:1. In some embodiments, the ratio of the stiffness of the inner portion to the stiffness of the peripheral portion is about 1:1.

[0285] In some embodiments, the inner portion 210 and the peripheral portion 160 have the same Young's modulus. In some embodiments, the soft lens body has a uniform Young's modulus (e.g., isotropic). In some embodiments, the cover / lens material (i.e., the material of the soft lens body) has a Young's modulus in the range of about 0.1 to about 10 MPa such that the lens is at least partially adapted to astigmatism or higher order aberrations. In some embodiments, the cover / lens material has a Young's modulus of at least about 0.1 megapascals (MPa), at least 0.2 MPa, at least 0.3 MPa, at least 0.4 MPa, at least 0.5 MPa, at least 0.6 MPa, at least 0.7 MPa, at least 0.8 MPa, at least 0.9 MPa, at least 1 MPa, at least 1.1 MPa, at least 1.2 MPa, at least 1.3 MPa, at least 1.4 MPa, at least 1.5 MPa, at least 1.6 MPa, at least 1.7 MPa, at least 1.8 MPa, at least 1.9 MPa, at least 2 MPa, at least 2.1 MPa, at least 2.2 MPa, at least 2.3 MPa, at least 2.4 MPa, at least 2.5 MPa, at least 2.6 MPa, at least 2.7 MPa, at least 2.8 MPa, at least 2.9 MPa, at least 3 MPa, at least 4 MPa, at least 5 MPa, at least 6 MPa, at least 7 MPa, at least 8 MPa, at least 9 MPa, at least 10 MPa, or more. In some embodiments, the Young's modulus is at most about 10 MPa, at most 9 MPa, at most 8 MPa, at most 7 MPa, at most 6 MPa, at most 5 MPa, at most 4 MPa, at most 3 MPa, at most 2.9 MPa, at most 2.8 MPa, at most 2.7 MPa, at most 2.6 MPa, at most 2.5 MPa, at most 2.4 MPa, at most 2.3 MPa, at most 2.2 MPa, at most 2.1 MPa, at most 2 MPa, at most 1.9 MPa, at most 1.8 MPa, at most 1.7 MPa, at most 1.6 MPa, at most 1.5 MPa, at most 1.4 MPa, at most 1.3 MPa, at most 1.2 MPa, at most 1.1 MPa, at most 1 MPa, at most 0.9 MPa, at most 0.8 MPa, at most 0.7 MPa, at most 0.6 MPa, at most 0.5 MPa, at most 0.4 MPa, at most 0.3 MPa, at most 0.2 MPa, at most 0.1 MPa or less.In some embodiments, the cover / lens material has a Young's modulus within the range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the lens material has a Young's modulus of about 0.1 MPa to about 10 MPa. In some embodiments, the lens material has a Young's modulus of about 0.1 MPa to about 3 MPa.

[0286] In some embodiments, the Young's modulus is the tensile modulus. In some embodiments, the inner portion 210 and the peripheral portion 160 have the same tensile modulus. In some embodiments, the soft lens body has a uniform tensile modulus. In some embodiments, the cover / lens material (i.e., the material of the soft lens body) comprises a tensile modulus in the range of about 0.1 to about 10 MPa such that the lens at least partially conforms to astigmatism or higher order aberrations. In some embodiments, the cover / lens material has a tensile modulus of at least about 0.1 megapascals (MPa), at least 0.2 MPa, at least 0.3 MPa, at least 0.4 MPa, at least 0.5 MPa, at least 0.6 MPa, at least 0.7 MPa, at least 0.8 MPa, at least 0.9 MPa, at least 1 MPa, at least 1.1 MPa, at least 1.2 MPa, at least 1.3 MPa, at least 1.4 MPa, at least 1.5 MPa, at least 1.6 MPa, at least 1.7 MPa, at least 1.8 MPa, at least 1.9 MPa, at least 2 MPa, at least 2.1 MPa, at least 2.2 MPa, at least 2.3 MPa, at least 2.4 MPa, at least 2.5 MPa, at least 2.6 MPa, at least 2.7 MPa, at least 2.8 MPa, at least 2.9 MPa, at least 3 MPa, at least 4 MPa, at least 5 MPa, at least 6 MPa, at least 7 MPa, at least 8 MPa, at least 9 MPa, at least 10 MPa, or more.In some embodiments, the tensile modulus is up to about 10 MPa, up to 9 MPa, up to 8 MPa, up to 7 MPa, up to 6 MPa, up to 5 MPa, up to 4 MPa, up to 3 MPa, up to 2.9 MPa, up to 2.8 MPa, up to 2.7 MPa, up to 2.6 MPa, up to 2.5 MPa, up to 2.4 MPa, up to 2.3 MPa, up to 2.2 MPa, up to 2.1 MPa, up to 1.9 MPa, up to 1.8 MPa, up to 1.7 MPa, up to 1.6 MPa, up to 1.5 MPa, up to 1.4 MPa, up to 1.3 MPa, up to 1.2 MPa, up to 1.1 MPa, up to 0.9 MPa, up to 0.8 MPa, up to 0.7 MPa, up to 0.6 MPa, up to 0.5 MPa, up to 0.4 MPa, up to 0.3 MPa, up to 0.2 MPa, up to 0.1 MPa or less. In some embodiments, the cover / lens material comprises a tensile modulus within a range defined by any two of the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the cover / lens material comprises a tensile modulus of about 0.1 MPa to about 4 MPa. In some embodiments, the tensile modulus of at least one of the inner portion, the peripheral portion, or the interface ranges from about 0.1 megapascals (MPa) to about 4 MPa. In some embodiments, the tensile modulus of the inner portion ranges from about 0.1 megapascals (MPa) to about 4 MPa. In some embodiments, the tensile modulus of the peripheral portion ranges from about 0.1 megapascals (MPa) to about 4 MPa. In some embodiments, the tensile modulus of the interface ranges from about 0.1 megapascals (MPa) to about 4 MPa.

[0287] In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile modulus of the bond to the tensile modulus of the inner portion is about 1:1 to about 1:100. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile modulus of the bond to the tensile modulus of the inner portion is about 1:20 to about 1:100. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile modulus of the bond to the tensile modulus of the inner portion is about 1:50 to about 1:100. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile modulus of the bond to the tensile modulus of the inner portion is about 1:70 to about 1:100.

[0288] In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile modulus of the joints to the tensile modulus of the peripheral portion is about 1:1 to about 1:100. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile modulus of the joints to the tensile modulus of the peripheral portion is about 1:20 to about 1:100. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile modulus of the joints to the tensile modulus of the peripheral portion is about 1:50 to about 1:100. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile modulus of the joints to the tensile modulus of the peripheral portion is about 1:70 to about 1:100.

[0289] In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile modulus of the inner portion to the tensile modulus of the peripheral portion is about 10:1 to about 1:10. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile modulus of the inner portion to the tensile modulus of the peripheral portion is about 3:1 to about 1:3. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile modulus of the inner portion to the tensile modulus of the peripheral portion is about 2:1 to about 1:2. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile modulus of the inner portion to the tensile modulus of the peripheral portion is about 1:1.

[0290] In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile strength of the joint to the tensile strength of the inner portion is about 1:1 to about 1:100. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile strength of the joint to the tensile strength of the inner portion is about 1:20 to about 1:100. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile strength of the joint to the tensile strength of the inner portion is about 1:50 to about 1:100. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile strength of the joint to the tensile strength of the inner portion is about 1:70 to about 1:100.

[0291] In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile strength of the joints to the tensile strength of the peripheral portion is about 1:1 to about 1:100. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile strength of the joints to the tensile strength of the peripheral portion is about 1:20 to about 1:100. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile strength of the joints to the tensile strength of the peripheral portion is about 1:50 to about 1:100. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile strength of the joints to the tensile strength of the peripheral portion is about 1:70 to about 1:100.

[0292] In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile strength of the inner portion to the tensile strength of the peripheral portion is about 10:1 to about 1:10. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile strength of the inner portion to the tensile strength of the peripheral portion is about 3:1 to about 1:3. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile strength of the inner portion to the tensile strength of the peripheral portion is about 2:1 to about 1:2. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile strength of the inner portion to the tensile strength of the peripheral portion is about 1:1.

[0293] In some embodiments, the elastic modulus of the lens, the thickness of the lens, and / or the degree of deformation affect how much energy is stored in the lens as it conforms to the corneal surface. In some embodiments, the degree of deformation is determined by measuring the volumetric difference between the neutral configuration (i.e., "as manufactured shape") of the lens and the deformed configuration.

[0294] In some embodiments, lens 120 comprises a single material that is uniformly hardened (i.e., each portion of the lens has the same or nearly the same Young's or elastic modulus). In some embodiments, interface 130 allows lens 120 to comprise a single material and to articulate like a dual-rigidity lens (i.e., an ophthalmic lens with one material in its central portion and another, different rigidity material in its peripheral portion) such that inner portion 210 can maintain its sphericity when the periphery of lens 120 is deformed.

[0295] In some embodiments, the lens material is cured to a hardness, size, and shape such that the lens comprises a Young's modulus or elastic modulus, which in some embodiments is at least about 0.1 megapascals (MPa), at least 0.2 MPa, at least 0.3 MPa, at least 0.4 MPa, at least 0.5 MPa, at least 0.6 MPa, at least 0.7 MPa, at least 0.8 MPa, at least 0.9 MPa, at least 1 MPa, at least 1.1 MPa, at least 1.2 MPa, at least 1.3 MPa, at least 1.4 MPa, at least 1.5 MPa, at least 1.6 MPa, at least 1.7 MPa, at least 1.8 MPa, at least 1.9 MPa, at least 2 MPa, at least 2.1 MPa, at least 2.2 MPa, at least 2.3 MPa, at least 2.4 MPa, at least 2.5 MPa, at least 2.6 MPa, at least 2.7 MPa, at least 2.8 MPa, at least 2.9 MPa, at least 3 MPa, at least 4 MPa, at least 5 MPa, at least 6 MPa, at least 7 MPa, at least 8 MPa, at least 9 MPa, at least 10 MPa, or more. In some embodiments, the modulus of elasticity is up to about 10 MPa, up to 9 MPa, up to 8 MPa, up to 7 MPa, up to 6 MPa, up to 5 MPa, up to 4 MPa, up to 3 MPa, up to 2.9 MPa, up to 2.8 MPa, up to 2.7 MPa, up to 2.6 MPa, up to 2.5 MPa, up to 2.4 MPa, up to 2.3 MPa, up to 2.2 MPa, up to 2.1 MPa, up to 2 MPa, up to 1.9 MPa, up to 1.8 MPa, up to 1.7 MPa, up to 1.6 MPa, up to 1.5 MPa, up to 1.4 MPa, up to 1.3 MPa, up to 1.2 MPa, up to 1.1 MPa, up to 1 MPa, up to 0.9 MPa, up to 0.8 MPa, up to 0.7 MPa, up to 0.6 MPa, up to 0.5 MPa, up to 0.4 MPa, up to 0.3 MPa, up to 0.2 MPa, up to 0.1 MPa or less. In some embodiments, the modulus of elasticity is within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the modulus of elasticity is from about 0.1 MPa to about 10 MPa. In some embodiments, the modulus of elasticity of the contact lens is from about 0.1 MPa to about 3 MPa.

[0296] In some embodiments, the lens 120 comprises a silicone or silicone hydrogel with low ionic porosity so that the lens seals against the cornea. In some embodiments, the lens comprises a silicone or silicone hydrogel with any suitable ionic porosity. In some embodiments, the lens 120 comprises a silicone hydrogel with low ionic permeability, ranging from about 5% to about 35% water, and thus a Dk of 100 or greater. In some embodiments, the low ionic permeability is up to about 0.25×10 to seal against the cornea. -3 cm 2 In some embodiments, the Ionoton ion permeability coefficient is about 0.05×10 / sec. -3 cm 2 / sec ~ approx. 0.10×10 -3 cm 2 In some embodiments, the Ionoton ion permeability coefficient is up to about 0.08×10 -3 cm 2 In some embodiments, the low ion permeability is up to about 2.6×10 ions / sec to seal the cornea. -6 mm 2 In some embodiments, the ionoton ion permeability coefficient is up to about 1.5×10 -6 mm 2 / second.

[0297] In some embodiments, the lens 120 includes a wettable surface coating disposed on at least the upper side of the lens to allow the patient's tear film to lubricate the lens and allow the patient to see. In some embodiments, the wettable surface coating includes a lubricating coating for patient comfort. In some embodiments, the lubricating coating lubricates the eye when the patient blinks.

[0298] In some embodiments, the wettable coating comprises a contact angle of at most about 85 degrees, at most 80 degrees, at most 75 degrees, at most 70 degrees, at most 65 degrees, at most 60 degrees, at most 55 degrees, at most 50 degrees, at most 45 degrees, at most 40 degrees, at most 35 degrees, at most 30 degrees, at most 25 degrees, at most 20 degrees, at most 15 degrees, at most 10 degrees, at most 5 degrees or less. In some embodiments, the wettable coating comprises a contact angle of at least about 5 degrees, at least 10 degrees, at least 15 degrees, at least 20 degrees, at least 25 degrees, at least 30 degrees, at least 35 degrees, at least 40 degrees, at least 45 degrees, at least 50 degrees, at least 55 degrees, at least 60 degrees, at least 65 degrees, at least 70 degrees, at least 75 degrees, at least 80 degrees, at least 85 degrees or more. In some embodiments, the wettable coating comprises a contact angle within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the contact angle is at most 80 degrees. In some embodiments, the contact angle is at most 70 degrees. In some embodiments, the contact angle is within the range of about 55 degrees to 65 degrees, providing a surface with a smooth tear film for vision. In some embodiments, the wettable coating is disposed on both the upper and lower surfaces of the lens. In some embodiments, the upper surface includes a wettable coating that extends over at least an inner portion.

[0299] Provided herein is a method for correcting refractive error of an eye. Also provided herein is a method for correcting astigmatism of an eye. In some embodiments, the method comprises providing any one of the contact lenses described herein. In one aspect, provided herein is a method for correcting ocular refractive error (e.g., astigmatism) of an eye, comprising providing a soft contact lens of the present disclosure. In another aspect, provided herein is a method for correcting ocular refractive error (e.g., astigmatism) of an eye, comprising placing a soft contact lens of the present disclosure on the ocular surface of the eye.

[0300] Provided herein is a method for forming a tear lens, which may include applying a soft contact lens of the present disclosure to an ocular surface of an eye.

[0301] Provided herein is a method for forming a lenticular volume, which may include applying a soft contact lens of the present disclosure to an ocular surface of an eye, the inner portion configured to form a lenticular volume to form a tear lens on the ocular surface to correct ocular refractive error.

[0302] In some embodiments, the inner portion 210 of the lens 120 includes or is the optical zone of the lens 120 and is configured to mask the refractive error or aberration of the eye, such as astigmatism or coma. In some embodiments, the inner portion 210 masks the astigmatism regardless of the orientation of the lens 120 about the central optical axis of the cornea 150. In some embodiments, the posterior surface of the soft lens body forms a lenticular volume 180 on the eye 100, the lenticular volume 180 configured to form a tear lens on the corneal surface of the eye 100 to mask the astigmatism. In some embodiments, the combination of the optical zone and the lenticular volume 180 is configured to mask the astigmatism of the eye 100.

[0303] In some embodiments, the lens 120 (e.g., the optical zone of a cover or contact lens) is configured to mask astigmatism in the subject's eye. In some embodiments, the inner portion 210 of the lens 120 is configured to mask astigmatism up to about 5 diopters (D). In some embodiments, the inner portion 210 of the lens 120 is configured to mask astigmatism up to about 2.5 diopters (D). In some embodiments, the inner portion 210 of the lens 120 is configured to mask astigmatism up to about 5D, up to 4.75D, up to 4.5D, up to 4.25D, up to 4D, up to 3.75D, up to 3.5D, up to 3.25D, up to 3D, up to 2.75D, up to 2.5D, up to 2.25D, up to 2.0D, up to 1.75D, up to 1.5D, up to 1D, up to 0.7D, up to 0.5D, up to 0.1D or less. In some embodiments, the inner portion 210 of the lens 120 is configured to mask astigmatism of up to about 0.1D, up to 0.5D, up to 0.7D, up to 1D, up to 1.5D, up to 1.75D, up to 2.0D, up to 2.25D, up to 2.5D, up to 2.75D, up to 3D, up to 3.25D, up to 3.5D, up to 3.75D, up to 4D, up to 4.25D, up to 4.5D, up to 4.75D, up to 5D or more. The lens 120 is configured to mask astigmatism within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the astigmatism is within a range of about 2.25D to about 2.5D. In some embodiments, the lens 120 is configured to mask astigmatism in increments of 0.01D due to the sensitivity of the tear lens formation, and is not limited to 0.25D increments as is customary with standard toric lenses).In some embodiments, the inner portion 210 of the lens 120 has a maximum aperture of about 5D, maximum 4.9D, maximum 4.8D, maximum 4.7D, maximum 4.6D, maximum 4.5D, maximum 4.4D, maximum 4.3D, maximum 4.2D, maximum 4.1D, maximum 4D, maximum 3.9D, maximum 3.8D, maximum 3.7D, maximum 3.6D, maximum 3.5D, maximum 3.4D, maximum 3.3D, maximum 3.2D, maximum 3.1D, maximum 3D, maximum 2.9D, maximum 2.8D, maximum 2.7D, maximum 2.8D, maximum 2.9D, maximum 2.8 ... The lenses are configured to mask astigmatism of greater than 2.6D, up to 2.5D, up to 2.4D, up to 2.3D, up to 2.2D, up to 2.1D, up to 2.0D, up to 1.9D, up to 1.8D, up to 1.7D, up to 1.6D, up to 1.5D, up to 1.4D, up to 1.3D, up to 1.2D, up to 1D, up to 0.9D, up to 0.8D, up to 0.7D, up to 0.6D, up to 0.5D, up to 0.4D, up to 0.3D, up to 0.2D, up to 0.1D or less. In some embodiments, the inner portion 210 of the lens 120 has a maximum of about 0.1D, maximum 0.2D, maximum 0.3D, maximum 0.4D, maximum 0.5D, maximum 0.6D, maximum 0.7D, maximum 0.8D, maximum 0.9D, maximum 1D, maximum 1.1D, maximum 1.2D, maximum 1.3D, maximum 1.4D, maximum 1.5D, maximum 1.6D, maximum 1.7D, maximum 1.8D, maximum 1.9D, maximum 2D, maximum 2.1D, maximum 2.2D, maximum 2.3D, maximum 2.4D, maximum The lenses are configured to mask astigmatism of greater than 2.5D, up to 2.6D, up to 2.7D, up to 2.8D, up to 2.9D, up to 3D, up to 3.1D, up to 3.2D, up to 3.3D, up to 3.4D, up to 3.5D, up to 3.6D, up to 3.7D, up to 3.8D, up to 3.9D, up to 4D, up to 4.1D, up to 4.2D, 4.3D, up to 4.4D, up to 4.5D, up to 4.6D, up to 4.7D, up to 4.8D, up to 4.9D, up to 5D or more. In some embodiments, the astigmatism is in the range of about 2.1D to about 2.6D.

[0304] In some embodiments, the lens 120 is configured such that only the spherical power of the lens is required to correct the visual acuity of a subject in need of corrective vision to its best corrected visual acuity. In some embodiments, the lens 120 is configured to mask astigmatism such that only the spherical power of the lens is required to correct the visual acuity of a subject in need of corrective vision.

[0305] In some embodiments, the lens 120 is configured to correct the meridian angle of the refractive error.

[0306] In some embodiments, lens 120 is configured to correct for corneal power differences between meridians of about 3D to about 0 D. In some embodiments, lens 120 is configured to correct for corneal power differences of up to about 3D, up to 2.9D, up to 2.8D, up to 2.7D, up to 2.6D, up to 2.5D, up to 2.4D, up to 2.3D, up to 2.2D, up to 2.1D, up to 2D, up to 1.9D, up to 1.8D, up to 1.7D, up to 1.6D, up to 1.5D, up to 1.4D, up to 1.3D, up to 1.2D, up to 1D, up to 0.9D, up to 0.8D, up to 0.7D, up to 0.6D, up to 0.5D, up to 0.4D, up to 0.3D, up to 0.2D, up to 0.1D or less. In some embodiments, the lens 120 is configured to correct a corneal power difference of up to about 0.1D, up to 0.2D, up to 0.3D, up to 0.4D, up to 0.5D, up to 0.6D, up to 0.7D, up to 0.8D, up to 0.9D, up to 1D, up to 1.1D, up to 1.2D, up to 1.3D, up to 1.4D, up to 1.5D, up to 1.6D, up to 1.7D, up to 1.8D, up to 1.9D, up to 2D, up to 2.1D, up to 2.2D, up to 2.3D, up to 2.4D, up to 2.5D, up to 2.6D, up to 2.7D, up to 2.8D, up to 2.9D, up to 3D or more. The lens 120 is configured to correct a corneal power difference within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the corneal power difference is within a range of about 0.5D to about 2.5D. In some embodiments, the lenses described herein correct differences in corneal power between meridians of less than 0.75 diopters, less than 0.5 diopters, less than 0.25 diopters, and less than 0.1 diopters.

[0307] Provided herein is a kit for correcting ocular refractive error of an eye. In some embodiments, the kit comprises a soft contact lens of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the kit further comprises a casing for the soft contact lens. In some embodiments, the kit comprises a solution for the soft contact lens (e.g., a contact lens solution).

[0308] In the detailed description provided herein, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, like symbols generally refer to like components unless otherwise indicated by the context. The exemplary embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized and other changes may be made without departing from the scope of the subject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein and illustrated in the figures, can be arranged, substituted, combined, separated, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are expressly contemplated herein.

[0309] Although specific embodiments and examples are disclosed below, the subject matter of the invention extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and / or uses, as well as modifications and equivalents thereof. Thus, the claims appended hereto are not limited by any of the specific embodiments described below. For example, in any method or process disclosed herein, the acts or operations of the method or process may be performed in any suitable order and are not necessarily limited to any particular disclosed order. Although various operations may be described in sequence as multiple separate operations in a manner that may be helpful in understanding some embodiments, the order of description should not be construed to imply that these operations are order dependent. The structures, systems, and / or devices described herein may be embodied as integrated components or as separate components.

[0310] In order to compare various embodiments, some aspects and advantages of these embodiments are described. Not necessarily all such aspects or advantages are achieved by any particular embodiment. Thus, for example, various embodiments may be implemented in a manner that achieves or optimizes one or a group of advantages as taught herein, without necessarily achieving other aspects or advantages as may be taught or suggested herein.

[0311] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. References to "or" herein are intended to encompass "and / or" unless otherwise indicated. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising", as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items and may be abbreviated as " / ".

[0312] Spatially relative terms such as "below," "lower," "lower side," "upper," "top," and the like may be used herein for ease of description to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element or feature as depicted in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is inverted, an element described as "below" or "directly below" another element or feature would be oriented "above" the other element or feature. Thus, the exemplary term "below" can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be oriented in other ways (rotated 90 degrees or rotated in other directions) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein may be interpreted accordingly. Similarly, terms such as "upward," "downward," "vertical," "horizontal," and the like are used herein for descriptive purposes only, unless otherwise noted.

[0313] The terms "first" and "second" may be used herein to describe various features / elements (including steps), but these features / elements are not intended to be limited by these terms unless the context otherwise dictates. These terms may be used to distinguish one feature / element from another. Thus, a first feature / element described below can be referred to as a second feature / element, and similarly, a second feature / element described below can be referred to as a first feature / element, without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure.

[0314] Throughout this specification and the claims that follow, unless the context dictates otherwise, the word "comprise," and variations such as "comprises" and "comprising," mean that various components may be jointly employed in methods and articles (e.g., compositions and apparatuses that include devices and methods). For example, the term "comprising" is understood to mean the inclusion of any recited element or step, but not the exclusion of any other element or step.

[0315] Whenever the term "at least", "greater than", or "greater than or equal to" appears before the first number in a series of two or more numbers, the term "at least", "greater than", or "greater than or equal to" applies to each number in the series. For example, 1, 2, or 3 or more is equivalent to 1 or more, 2 or more, and 3 or more.

[0316] When the term "less than", "less than", "less than" or "up to" appears before the first number in a series of two or more numbers, the term "less than", "less than", "less than" or "up to" applies to each number in the series. For example, 3, 2, or 1 or less is equivalent to 3 or less, 2 or less, and 1 or less.

[0317] Where numerical values ​​are listed as ranges, such disclosure will be understood to include disclosure of all possible subranges within such ranges as well as specific numerical values ​​within such ranges, whether or not a specific numerical value or specific subrange is explicitly listed.

[0318] As used in this specification and claims, including as used in the examples, unless expressly specified otherwise, all numerical values ​​can be read as being preceded by the word "about" or "approximately" even if the term does not appear explicitly. In describing a size and / or location, the phrase "about" or "approximately" can be used to indicate that the stated value and / or location is within a reasonable expected range of values ​​and / or locations. For example, a numerical value may have a value of ±0.1% of the stated value (or range of values), ±1% of the stated value (or range of values), ±2% of the stated value (or range of values), ±5% of the stated value (or range of values), ±10% of the stated value (or range of values), etc. Additionally, any numerical value provided herein should be understood to include approximately that value unless the context indicates otherwise. For example, if a value of "10" is disclosed, "about 10" is also disclosed. Any numerical range described herein is intended to include all subranges subsumed therein. It is also understood that when a value is disclosed, "less than or equal to" that value, "more than or equal to" that value, and possible ranges between the values ​​are also disclosed, as would be understood by one of skill in the art. For example, if a value "X" is disclosed, "less than or equal to X" as well as "more than or equal to X" (e.g., where X is a number) are also disclosed. It is also understood that throughout the application, data is provided in many different formats, and this data represents endpoints and starting points, and ranges for any combination of data points. For example, if a specific data point "10" and a specific data point "15" are disclosed, it is understood that greater than 10, greater than or equal to 10, less than 10, less than or equal to 10, 10 and 15, and between 10 and 15 are considered to be disclosed. It is also understood that each unit between two specific units is also disclosed. For example, if 10 and 15 are disclosed, then 11, 12, 13, and 14 are also disclosed.

[0319] As used herein, a lens is used to refer to an ophthalmic device that covers at least a portion of the ocular surface of a patient's eye. In some embodiments, the lens does not provide refractive vision correction by itself. In some embodiments, an ophthalmic device that provides refractive correction is referred to herein as a contact lens or ophthalmic lens. In some embodiments, the covering is a contact lens. In some embodiments, the covering is a soft contact lens.

[0320] The mathematical and scientific notation used herein may be used to represent values ​​in many ways as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, such as, for example, representing data according to the notation used in many commercially available spreadsheets, such as Excel™ available from Microsoft. The symbol "E" used herein may be used to represent exponents in decimal, such as 1E1 being equal to approximately 10, 2E1 being equal to approximately 20, and 4E2 being equal to approximately 400. The symbol "A" used herein may be used to represent exponents, such as AAB being equal to AB. Units may be represented in a variety of ways as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, such as, for example, "m" being meters, "Pa" being the Pascal unit of pressure, and "MPa" being Megapascal.

[0321] As used herein, siloxane bonds include, for example, the covalent Si-O-Si bonds of silicone elastomers.

[0322] The optical power of the cornea in diopters ("D") is related to the radius of curvature R by the formula D=(1.3375-1) / R, where 1.3375 corresponds to the refractive index of the aqueous humor and R corresponds to the radius of curvature of the cornea. The curvature of the cornea may be inversely related to the radius of curvature R, such that as the radius of curvature increases, the corneal curvature decreases and as the radius of curvature decreases, the corneal curvature increases.

[0323] In some embodiments, the curvature of a lens or portion of a lens may be inversely related to the radius of curvature R, such that as the radius of curvature increases, the curvature of the lens or portion of a lens decreases and as the radius of curvature decreases, the curvature of the lens or portion of a lens increases.

[0324] A discontinuity as used herein, also referred to herein as a discrete discontinuity, includes a physical separation between two portions of a lens. In some cases, the discontinuity includes a region of the lens that has a different material integrity than an adjacent portion of the lens. In some cases, the discontinuity includes a region of the lens that has different material properties than an adjacent portion of the lens. In some cases, the discontinuity includes a region of the lens that has different physical properties than an adjacent portion of the lens. In some cases, the physical properties include mechanical properties. In some embodiments, the discontinuity is a weakened area. In some embodiments, the structural integrity of the discontinuity is weakened (e.g., reduced) as compared to the adjacent portion of the lens. In some embodiments, the discontinuity is a junction located between an inner portion of the lens and a peripheral portion of the lens. In some embodiments, the junction is a thinned area (e.g., reduced in thickness relative to the adjacent portion of the lens). In other embodiments, the discrete discontinuity includes a groove, fenestration, or slit, or a combination thereof.

[0325] As used herein, the term "inner portion" may be referred to as the "central portion," "central region," "central area," or "central portion."

[0326] As used herein, thickness refers to a cross-sectional distance. In some embodiments, thickness refers to an average (e.g., mean) thickness. In some embodiments, thickness refers to a maximum cross-sectional distance. In some embodiments, thickness refers to an average cross-sectional distance.

[0327] As used herein, power refers to optical power, sphere power, cylinder power, and / or axis.

[0328] Although preferred embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. It is not intended that the scope of the present disclosure be limited by the specific embodiments provided herein. Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been described with reference to the foregoing specification, the description and illustration of the embodiments herein are not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Furthermore, it should be understood that all aspects of the present disclosure are not limited to the specific depictions, configurations, or relative proportions described herein, which depend upon a variety of conditions and variables. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the present disclosure described herein may be employed in implementing the embodiments of the present disclosure. It is therefore intended that the present disclosure cover such alternatives, modifications, variations, or equivalents. The following claims are intended to define the scope of the present invention, and it is intended that methods and structures within the scope of these claims, and their equivalents, be covered thereby. Working Example

[0329] Having now generally described the invention of this disclosure, it will be more readily understood by reference to the following examples, which are included merely for the purpose of illustrating certain aspects and embodiments of the disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure in any way. Example 1: Comparing eye lens thickness

[0330] Three sets of astigmatism-correcting ophthalmic lenses were prepared. The central thicknesses of the prepared ophthalmic lenses were 200 μm, 300 μm, and 400 μm, but other thicknesses were also contemplated. The naked eye characteristics of best refraction and corneal topography were measured for subjects with astigmatism. Five subjects were fitted with 400 μm-thick lenses, three subjects with 300 μm-thick lenses, and one subject with 200 μm-thick lenses. The amount of astigmatism reduction was compared between uncorrected eyes, eyes wearing 200 μm-thick lenses, eyes wearing 300 μm-thick lenses, and eyes wearing 400 μm-thick lenses. The mean astigmatism of the subjects was 1.4 D ± 0.7 D. Subjects wearing 200 μm-thick lenses experienced a reduction in astigmatism of approximately 1.5 D. The subjects wearing the 300 μm thick lenses experienced a reduction in astigmatism of about 0.6 D±0.1 D. The subjects wearing the 400 μm thick lenses experienced a reduction in astigmatism of about 0.7 D±0.1 D. All subjects wearing the lenses experienced a reduction in astigmatism. FIGS. 2A and 2B each show a comparison of the topography of a naked eye with astigmatism and the topography of the same eye wearing an astigmatism correcting lens of the present disclosure. FIG. 2B shows a contact lens with an optical zone thickness of 400 μm, an optical zone radius of curvature of 7.86 mm, and an interface located 6.6 mm away from the central axis of the lens 330, which is capable of masking 0.75 D of astigmatism in the eye. FIG. 2C shows the difference between the images of FIG. 2B and FIG. 2A. Such a difference image represents the masking provided by the contact lens and the tear lens formed by wearing the lens. In some embodiments, the contact lens effectively reduces astigmatism. As shown in Figures 2A and 2B, darker colored areas indicate larger gaps (e.g., optical or physical gaps) compared to lighter colors indicating flatter areas. As shown in Figure 2C, darker colored areas indicate steeper areas (e.g., optical or physical gaps) compared to lighter colors indicating relatively flat areas. Example 2: Comparison of joint properties

[0331] Lenses were prepared with various combinations of thickness, discontinuity orientation, and location of the discontinuity from the lens center. For example, lenses contained 200, 300, or 400 micrometer thick, radial, or circular discontinuities. The radial discontinuities were located 3.0 mm, 5.0 mm, or 6.6 mm from the lens center, and the circular discontinuities were located 3.3 mm from the lens center. Ten subjects with astigmatism ranging from 0.75 D to 2.5 D were tested with several versions of the lens each, and the change in diopter (cylinder) was determined, as shown in Figure 6. All versions were of the same material and shape, i.e., silicone hydrogel available from Contamac as Unisil, with a base curve of 7.87 mm, a diameter of 14.5 mm, 8 grooves, and 8 fenestrations, each with a radius of 400 μm. All versions of the lenses tested reduced astigmatism in the range of 0.51 D to 0.95 D. Lenses that include discontinuities improve astigmatism reduction. In some instances, the magnitude of astigmatism reduction is related to variables such as the thickness of the lens, the orientation of the discontinuities, and / or the location of the discontinuities on the lens. This indicates that discontinuities as provided herein can correct the refractive error of the eye. This indicates that the level of correction can be adjusted depending on various factors, including, but not limited to, the thickness of the lens, the distance of the discontinuities from the center of the lens, the distance between the discontinuities, and the orientation of the discontinuities. Example 3: Soft contact lens with arcuate region

[0332] 2A-2C illustrate the effectiveness of an exemplary lens including an arcuate region in masking astigmatism. FIG. 2A illustrates the topography of a bare cornea having astigmatism. FIG. 2B illustrates the topography of the same cornea covered with a lens of the present disclosure. FIG. 2C illustrates the difference (i.e., delta) between the topographies of FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B (i.e., illustrating the power imparted through the contact lens and the tear lens). In some embodiments, the contact lens effectively reduces (e.g., masks) the astigmatism.

[0333] In a topography diagram, darker areas indicate larger physical or optical gaps, while lighter areas indicate smaller physical or optical gaps (i.e., smoother topography). Example 4: Exemplary Lenses

[0334] As a non-limiting illustration of one particular embodiment, a soft contact lens is shown in FIG. 4B with an inner portion (210) arching over steep meridians and lying relatively flat on flat meridians, with the anterior surface of the inner portion being more spherical than the cornea below. Such lenses have a peripheral portion (160) that conforms substantially to both meridians such that there is little difference between the sphericity of the cornea and the sphericity of the periphery of the lens above it. Such lenses also have an interface (130) between the inner and peripheral portions. Such interfaces are weakened to prevent deformation from being transferred from the peripheral portion of the lens to the inner portion of the lens. Such lenses have one or more fenestrations 220 to allow fluid to flow under the lens, allowing the inner portion 210 to arch over steep meridians 1140. The space between the cornea and the posterior surface of the contact lens is filled with tear fluid, which provides mechanical support to the arched portion of the inner portion and plays an important optical role in reducing the effective astigmatism of the visual system. The posterior surface of the lens can include features such as discrete pooling areas, radial channels, or circumferential channels that promote tear flow at the anterior surface and distribution of tear fluid across the posterior surface. These posterior surface features may be integral with the junction (130) or may traverse two or more regions of the medial portion, peripheral portion, and junction. Example 5: Masking of astigmatism in subjects

[0335] As shown in Figures 7A-7H, the astigmatism of each subject tested with the soft contact lenses of the present disclosure was reduced by about 0.5D to about 1D. Figures 7A and 7B each show a comparison of the topography of the naked eye of subject #1 with astigmatism to the topography of the same eye wearing the astigmatism correcting lens of the present disclosure, where the astigmatism was reduced by 1D. Figures 7C and 7D each show a comparison of the topography of the naked eye of subject #2 with astigmatism to the topography of the same eye wearing the astigmatism correcting lens of the present disclosure, where the astigmatism was reduced by 0.75D. Figures 7E and 7F each show a comparison of the topography of the naked eye of subject #3 with astigmatism to the topography of the same eye wearing the astigmatism correcting lens of the present disclosure, where the astigmatism was reduced by 0.50D. Figures 7G and 7H respectively show a comparison of the topography of the naked eye of subject #4, who has astigmatism, to the topography of the same eye wearing an astigmatism correcting lens of the present disclosure, which reduced astigmatism by 0.75 D. As shown in Figures 7A and 7H, areas of darker color indicate larger gaps (e.g., optical gaps or physical gaps) compared to lighter colors (e.g., gray), which indicate flatter or smoother areas.

[0336] As shown in Figures 8A-8D, the difference in topography of the cornea with the lens and the bare cornea with astigmatism is provided by the topography of the contact lens itself. Figure 8A corresponds to subject 1, Figure 8B corresponds to subject 2, Figure 8C corresponds to subject 3, and Figure 8D corresponds to subject 4. As shown in Figures 8A-8D, the dark areas correspond to the steep meridians that the lens effectively masked. The refraction and BCDVA results for each of the four subjects are shown in Table 1. The autorefractometer results for the subjects are shown in Table 2.

[0337] [Table 1]

[0338] [Table 2]

[0339] For comparison, Figures 9A-9C show the effect of masking astigmatism with a soft toric lens. Figure 9A shows the topography of the naked eye of subject 1, and Figure 9B shows the same eye covered with a soft toric lens, where dark areas indicate larger physical or optical gaps and light areas correspond to smoother areas. Figure 9C shows the difference between Figures 9B and 9A to provide a topography of the soft toric lens only, showing that contact lenses can mask astigmatism. In some embodiments, the soft toric lens effectively reduces astigmatism.

[0340] Also, for comparison, Figures 12A-C show the effect of masking astigmatism with a rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens. Figure 12A shows the topography of the naked eye of subject 2, and Figure 12B shows the same eye covered with an RGP lens, where dark areas indicate larger physical or optical gaps and lighter areas correspond to smoother areas. Figure 12C shows the difference between Figures 12B and 12A to provide the topography of the RGP lens alone, demonstrating that contact lenses can mask astigmatism. In some embodiments, the RGP lens effectively reduces astigmatism.

Claims

1. A soft contact lens for correcting refractive errors of the eye, wherein the lens is The inner part, The surrounding area and, A joint connecting the inner portion and the peripheral portion. Includes, The inner portion and peripheral portion have a single Young's modulus in the range of 0.1 MPa to 4 MPa. The joint is configured such that, when the lens is placed on the eye, the inner portion covers a part of the cornea in an arch shape, forming a lens-shaped volume between the inner portion and the cornea, and at least a part of the peripheral portion fits the surface of the eye, The joint is configured to have greater flexibility than both the peripheral portion and the inner portion, and The joint is configured to reduce the transmission of mechanical force from the peripheral portion to the inner portion. Soft contact lenses.

2. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the joint allows at least a portion of the peripheral portion to be deformed without substantially deforming the inner portion.

3. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the joint allows at least a portion of the peripheral portion to fit to the corneal surface without substantially deforming the inner portion.

4. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the joint portion includes one or more of the following properties: flexibility, shape, thickness, curvature, dimensions, or material properties, which are different from those of the inner portion.

5. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the joint portion includes one or more of the following properties: flexibility, shape, thickness, curvature, dimensions, or material properties, which are different from those of the peripheral portion.

6. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the joint portion includes a tensile modulus, and the ratio of the tensile modulus of the joint portion to the tensile modulus of the inner portion is about 1:1 to about 1:

100.

7. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the joint portion includes tensile strength, and the ratio of the tensile strength of the joint portion to the tensile strength of the inner portion is about 1:1 to about 1:

100.

8. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the joint portion includes one or more of a groove, a thin area, a hinge, a slit, or a cut segment.

9. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the bonding portion is arranged substantially circularly around the center of the lens.

10. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the joint portion has a cross-section thinner than the inner portion, the peripheral portion, or a combination thereof.

11. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the joint portion has a width in the range of about 0.1 μm to about 2000 μm.

12. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the joint portion includes one or more fenestrations.

13. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the lens-shaped volume is formed between the posterior surface of the inner portion and the corneal surface of the eye.

14. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the lens-shaped volume is filled with a fluid (for example, tears).

15. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the lens-shaped volume forms a tear film lens on the corneal surface.

16. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the combination of the inner portion and the lens-shaped volume is configured to correct the refractive error of the eye.

17. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the refractive error of the eye includes corneal irregularity, astigmatism, or higher-order aberrations of the eye.

18. The lens according to claim 1, wherein optical correction is provided by the combination of the inner portion and the lens-shaped volume.

19. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the inner portion has a first radius of curvature and the peripheral portion has a second radius of curvature.

20. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the joint connects the outer circumference of the inner portion and the inner circumference of the peripheral portion.

21. The lens according to claim 1, wherein when the peripheral portion is deformed, the first radius of curvature of the inner portion changes less than the second radius of curvature of the peripheral portion.

22. The lens according to claim 1, wherein when the joint is in the neutral position, the inner portion and the peripheral portion have the same radius of curvature.

23. The lens according to claim 1, wherein when the joint is in a bent position, the inner portion and the peripheral portion have different radii of curvature.

24. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the joint is configured to bend so that the peripheral portion has a different angle from the inner portion.

25. The lens according to claim 1, wherein when the peripheral portion is deformed, the first radius of curvature of the inner portion changes less than the second radius of curvature of the peripheral portion, which means that the peripheral portion deforms from the joint and the second radius of curvature increases.

26. The lens according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the peripheral portion changes from the inner circumference to the outer circumference of the peripheral portion.

27. The lens according to claim 1, wherein one or more mechanical properties of the peripheral portion change from the inner circumference to the outer circumference of the peripheral portion.

28. The lens according to claim 1, wherein one or more mechanical properties of the peripheral portion change based on the distance from the joint.

29. A method for correcting an ocular refractive error, comprising providing a soft contact lens as described in Claim 1, and placing the soft contact lens on the surface of the eye.

Images