Pharmaceutical composition and its use

Abstract

A pharmaceutical composition comprising a bacterial population is provided herein. The bacterial population comprises one bacterial strain or at least two bacterial strains. Such pharmaceutical compositions can be administered to a subject for the prevention and / or treatment of dysbiosis and dysbiosis-related conditions and diseases, such as vaginal or infant gastrointestinal diseases.

Description

【Technical Field】 【0001】 Cross-reference This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 350,666, filed Jun. 9, 2022, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. 【0002】 Sequence Listing This application includes a sequence listing that was electronically submitted in XML format and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The XML copy was created on Jun. 6, 2023, is named 53206-715_601_SL.xml, and is 42.796 megabytes in size. 【Background Art】 【0003】 Recent developments in the fields of microbiome and genomics research provide evidence that the microbiome-host relationship affects the development and progression of human health or disease. For example, they are involved in the inflammatory diseases bacterial vaginitis (BV) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and play an important role in the etiology of these disorders. The increasing incidence of these diseases is a concern and a major public health issue. 【0004】 However, currently available pharmaceutical compositions may lack effectiveness, scalability, reliability, or stability. 【Summary of the Invention】 【0005】 Restoring microbiome-host homeostasis can help in the treatment of these disorders. Effective treatment may include the administration of live biotherapeutics. 【0006】 In some embodiments, methods of treating a disease or disease state in a subject in need thereof are disclosed herein. In one aspect, a method of treating a disease or disease state in a subject in need thereof comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a formulation, wherein the formulation comprises a bacterial population comprising a first bacterial strain and a second bacterial strain different from the first bacterial strain, and the first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain comprise Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, and the formulation inhibits (1) pathogen growth or biofilm formation by at least 0.1% or (2) an immune response signaling pathway by at least 0.1%, as compared to a control formulation that does not comprise the first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain, of pathogen growth or biofilm formation, or the immune response signaling pathway, respectively, when inhibited by the control formulation. 【0007】 In some embodiments, the disease or disease state includes a vaginal disease or a complication associated with a vaginal disease. In some embodiments, the vaginal disease includes bacterial vaginitis (BV) or recurrent BV, and the complications associated with the vaginal disease include preterm birth, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), vulvovaginitis, or sexually transmitted infection (STI). In some embodiments, the formulation inhibits the growth or biofilm formation of vaginal pathogens. In some embodiments, the formulation inhibits the growth or biofilm formation of vaginal pathogens by at least 0.1% compared to the growth or biofilm formation of vaginal pathogens when inhibited by a control formulation. In some embodiments, the formulation inhibits the growth or biofilm formation of vaginal pathogens by at least 5% or at least 50% compared to the growth or biofilm formation of vaginal pathogens when inhibited by a control formulation. In some embodiments, the subject has been administered a pharmaceutical for treating a vaginal disease. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical includes an antibiotic. In some embodiments, the subject has not been administered a pharmaceutical for treating a vaginal disease. In some embodiments, the disease or disease state includes an infant gastrointestinal disease. In some embodiments, the infant gastrointestinal disease includes necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), infectious gastroenteritis, neonatal cholestasis, pediatric intestinal motility disorder, gastroenteritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the formulation inhibits the growth of infant gastrointestinal pathogens. In some embodiments, the formulation inhibits the growth of infant gastrointestinal pathogens by at least 0.1% compared to the growth of infant gastrointestinal pathogens when inhibited by a control formulation. In some embodiments, the formulation inhibits the growth of infant gastrointestinal pathogens by at least 5% or at least 50% compared to the growth of infant gastrointestinal pathogens when inhibited by a control formulation. In some embodiments, the formulation inhibits the signal of an immune response reporter in an immune response signaling pathway in engineered cells by at least 0.1% compared to the signal of an immune response reporter in an immune response signaling pathway in engineered cells when inhibited by a control formulation.In some embodiments, the formulation inhibits the signal of an immune response reporter in an immune response signaling pathway in engineered cells by at least 1% or at least 10% compared to the signal of the immune response reporter in an immune response signaling pathway in engineered cells when inhibited by a control formulation. In some embodiments, the engineered cells include mammalian cells. In some embodiments, the immune response reporter includes an inflammatory immune response reporter. 【0008】 In some embodiments, a composition is disclosed herein. In one aspect, the composition includes a bacterial population comprising a first bacterial strain and a second bacterial strain different from the first bacterial strain for use in treating a disease or disease state in a subject in need thereof, wherein the first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain include Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, and the composition is configured to treat the disease or disease state at least in part by (1) inhibiting the growth or biofilm formation of a pathogen in the subject by at least 0.1% compared to the growth or biofilm formation of the pathogen in the subject when inhibited by a control bacterial population that does not include the first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain, or (2) inhibiting the immune response signaling pathway of the subject's cells by at least 0.1% compared to the immune response signaling pathway of the subject's cells when inhibited by the control composition. 【0009】 In some embodiments, the disease or disease state includes an infant gastrointestinal disease. In some embodiments, the pathogen includes an infant gastrointestinal pathogen. In some embodiments, the composition is configured to treat at least partially an infant gastrointestinal disease by inhibiting the growth of an infant gastrointestinal pathogen in a subject by at least 0.1% compared to the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen in the subject when inhibited by a control composition. In some embodiments, the composition is configured to treat at least partially an infant gastrointestinal disease by inhibiting the growth of an infant gastrointestinal pathogen in a subject by at least 5% or at least 50% compared to the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen in the subject when inhibited by a control composition. In some embodiments, the composition is configured to inhibit the immune response signaling pathway of the cells of the subject by at least 1% or at least 10% compared to the immune response signaling pathway of the cells of the subject when inhibited by a control formulation. In some embodiments, the disease or disease state includes a vaginal disease or a complication associated with a vaginal disease. In some embodiments, the vaginal disease includes bacterial vaginitis (BV) or recurrent BV, and the complications associated with the vaginal disease include preterm birth, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), vulvovaginitis, or sexually transmitted infection (STI). In some embodiments, the pathogen includes a vaginal pathogen. In some embodiments, the composition is configured to treat at least partially a vaginal disease or a complication associated with a vaginal disease by inhibiting the growth or biofilm formation of a vaginal pathogen in a subject by at least 0.1% compared to the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen in the subject when inhibited by a control composition. In some embodiments, the composition is configured to treat at least partially a vaginal disease or a complication associated with a vaginal disease by inhibiting the growth or biofilm formation of a vaginal pathogen in a subject by at least 5% or at least 50% compared to the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen in the subject when inhibited by a control composition. 【0010】 In some embodiments, compositions are disclosed herein. In one aspect, the composition comprises a bacterial population comprising a first bacterial strain and a second bacterial strain different from the first bacterial strain, wherein the first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain comprise Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, and when the first bacterial strain is cultured (1) with the second bacterial strain or (2) with the culture medium of the second bacterial strain, (a) the first bacterial strain inhibits the growth or biofilm formation of a pathogen by at least 0.1% as compared to the growth or biofilm formation of the pathogen when inhibited by a control bacterial strain comprising the first bacterial strain not cultured (1) with the second bacterial strain or (2) with the culture medium of the second bacterial strain, respectively, (b) the first bacterial strain inhibits the immune response signaling pathway by at least 0.1% as compared to the immune response signaling pathway when inhibited by the control bacterial strain, respectively, (c) the culture medium of the first bacterial strain inhibits the growth or biofilm formation of the pathogen by at least 0.1% as compared to the growth or biofilm formation of the pathogen when inhibited by the culture medium of the control bacterial strain, respectively, or (d) the culture medium of the first bacterial strain inhibits the immune response signaling pathway by at least 0.1% as compared to the immune response signaling pathway when inhibited by the culture medium of the control bacterial strain, respectively. 【0011】 In some embodiments, the pathogen includes an infant gastrointestinal pathogen. In some embodiments, when a first bacterial strain is cultured (1) with a second bacterial strain or (2) with the culture medium of the second bacterial strain, (a) the first bacterial strain inhibits the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen by at least 0.1% as compared to the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen when inhibited by a control bacterial strain, respectively, or (b) the culture medium of the first bacterial strain inhibits the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen by at least 0.1% as compared to the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen when inhibited by the culture medium of the control bacterial strain, respectively. In some embodiments, when a first bacterial strain is cultured (1) with a second bacterial strain or (2) with the culture medium of the second bacterial strain, (a) the first bacterial strain inhibits the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen by at least 5% or at least 50% as compared to the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen when inhibited by a control bacterial strain, respectively, or (b) the culture medium of the first bacterial strain inhibits the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen by at least 5% or at least 50% as compared to the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen when inhibited by the culture medium of the control bacterial strain, respectively. In some embodiments, when a first bacterial strain is cultured (1) with a second bacterial strain or (2) with the culture medium of the second bacterial strain, (a) the first bacterial strain inhibits the signal of the immune response reporter of the immune response signal transduction pathway in the engineered cell by at least 0.1% as compared to the signal of the immune response reporter of the immune response signal transduction pathway in the engineered cell when inhibited by a control bacterial strain, respectively, or (b) the culture medium of the first bacterial strain inhibits the signal of the immune response reporter of the immune response signal transduction pathway in the engineered cell by at least 0.1% as compared to the signal of the immune response reporter of the immune response signal transduction pathway in the engineered cell when inhibited by the culture medium of the control bacterial strain, respectively.In some embodiments, when the first bacterial strain is cultured with (1) the second bacterial strain or (2) the culture medium of the second bacterial strain, (a) the first bacterial strain inhibits the signal of the immune response reporter in the engineered intracellular immune response signaling pathway by at least 1% or at least 10% as compared to the signal of the immune response reporter in the engineered intracellular immune response signaling pathway inhibited by the control bacterial strain, respectively, or (b) the culture medium of the first bacterial strain inhibits the signal of the immune response reporter in the engineered intracellular immune response signaling pathway by at least 1% or at least 10% as compared to the signal of the immune response reporter in the engineered intracellular immune response signaling pathway inhibited by the culture medium of the control bacterial strain, respectively. In some embodiments, the engineered cells include mammalian cells. In some embodiments, the immune response reporter includes an inflammatory immune response reporter. In some embodiments, the pathogen includes a vaginal pathogen. In some embodiments, when the first bacterial strain is cultured with (1) the second bacterial strain or (2) the culture medium of the second bacterial strain, (a) the first bacterial strain inhibits the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen by at least 0.1% as compared to the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen inhibited by the control bacterial strain, respectively, or (b) the culture medium of the first bacterial strain inhibits the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen by at least 0.1% as compared to the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen inhibited by the culture medium of the control bacterial strain, respectively. In some embodiments, when the first bacterial strain is cultured with (1) the second bacterial strain or (2) the culture medium of the second bacterial strain, (a) the first bacterial strain inhibits the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen by at least 5% or at least 50% as compared to the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen inhibited by the control bacterial strain, respectively, or (b) the culture medium of the first bacterial strain inhibits the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen by at least 5% or at least 50% as compared to the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen inhibited by the culture medium of the control bacterial strain, respectively. 【0012】 In some embodiments, a composition is disclosed herein. In one aspect, the composition comprises a culture medium of a bacterial population or a derivative thereof that contains (1) a first bacterial strain and (2) a second bacterial strain or its supernatant, the second bacterial strain being different from the first bacterial strain, the first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain comprising Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, and the culture medium or its derivative is configured to (1) inhibit the growth or biofilm formation of a pathogen by at least 0.1% compared to the growth or biofilm formation of the pathogen when inhibited by a control culture medium of a control bacterial population or a derivative thereof, or (2) inhibit the immune response signaling pathway by at least 0.1% compared to the immune response signaling pathway when inhibited by a control culture medium of a control bacterial population or a derivative thereof, the control bacterial population not containing (1) the first bacterial strain and (2) the second bacterial strain or its supernatant. 【0013】 In some embodiments, the pathogen includes an infant gastrointestinal pathogen. In some embodiments, the culture medium or a derivative thereof is configured to inhibit the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen by at least 0.1% as compared to the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen when inhibited by a control culture medium or a derivative thereof of a control bacterial population. In some embodiments, the culture medium or a derivative thereof is configured to inhibit the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen by at least 5% or at least 50% as compared to the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen when inhibited by a control culture medium or a derivative thereof of a control bacterial population. In some embodiments, the culture medium or a derivative thereof is configured to inhibit the signal of an immune response reporter of an immune response signaling pathway in an engineered cell by at least 0.1% as compared to the signal of the immune response reporter of the immune response signaling pathway in the engineered cell when inhibited by a control culture medium or a derivative thereof of a control bacterial population. In some embodiments, the culture medium or a derivative thereof is configured to inhibit the signal of an immune response reporter of an immune response signaling pathway in an engineered cell by at least 1% or at least 10% as compared to the signal of the immune response reporter of the immune response signaling pathway in the engineered cell when inhibited by a control culture medium or a derivative thereof of a control bacterial population. In some embodiments, the engineered cells include mammalian cells. In some embodiments, the immune response reporter includes an inflammatory immune response reporter. In some embodiments, the pathogen includes a vaginal pathogen. In some embodiments, the culture medium or a derivative thereof is configured to inhibit the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen by at least 0.1% as compared to the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen when inhibited by a control culture medium or a derivative thereof of a control bacterial population. In some embodiments, the culture medium or a derivative thereof is configured to inhibit the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen by at least 5% or at least 50% as compared to the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen when inhibited by a control culture medium or a derivative thereof of a control bacterial population. 【0014】 In some embodiments, methods of treating a disease or disease state of a subject in need thereof are disclosed herein. In one aspect, a method of treating a disease or disease state of a subject in need thereof comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a formulation comprising a supernatant of a culture or a derivative of the supernatant, wherein the culture comprises (1) a first bacterial strain and (2) a second bacterial strain or its culture medium, the second bacterial strain being different from the first bacterial strain, the first and second bacterial strains comprising Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, and the formulation inhibits the growth or biofilm formation of a pathogen by at least 0.1% or (ii) an immune response signaling pathway by at least 0.1% compared to a control formulation comprising a control supernatant of a control culture or a derivative of the control supernatant, wherein the growth or biofilm formation of the pathogen or the immune response signaling pathway is inhibited by the control formulation, and the control culture does not comprise (1) the first bacterial strain and (2) the second bacterial strain or its culture medium. 【0015】 In some embodiments, the pathogen includes an infant gastrointestinal pathogen. In some embodiments, the formulation inhibits the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen by at least 0.1% as compared to the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen when inhibited by a control formulation. In some embodiments, the formulation inhibits the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen by at least 5% or at least 50% as compared to the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen when inhibited by a control formulation. In some embodiments, the formulation inhibits the signal of the immune response reporter of the immune response signaling pathway in the engineered cell by at least 0.1% as compared to the signal of the immune response reporter of the immune response signaling pathway in the engineered cell when inhibited by a control formulation. In some embodiments, the formulation inhibits the signal of the immune response reporter of the immune response signaling pathway in the engineered cell by at least 1% or at least 10% as compared to the signal of the immune response reporter of the immune response signaling pathway in the engineered cell when inhibited by a control formulation. In some embodiments, the immune response signaling pathway includes an inflammatory immune response signaling pathway. In some embodiments, the pathogen includes a vaginal pathogen. In some embodiments, the formulation inhibits the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen by at least 0.1% as compared to the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen when inhibited by a control formulation. In some embodiments, the formulation inhibits the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen by at least 5% or at least 50% as compared to the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen when inhibited by a control formulation. 【0016】 In the compositions disclosed herein, in some embodiments, the composition is formulated into a vaginal dosage form. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient comprises a hydrogel. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain is configured to exhibit adhesion to vaginal epithelial cells (VEC) at at least 1×10^2 colony forming units (CFU) / 9.5 square centimeters (cm^2) or at least 1×10^6 log CFU / cm^2. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain is respectively configured to exhibit a growth ratio of at least about 0.1 or at least about 0.5 between (1) the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain cultured in a culture medium containing a carbon source consisting of glycogen and (2) the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain cultured in a culture medium containing a carbon source consisting of glucose. In some embodiments, the vaginal pathogen comprises Prevotella bivia, Atopobium vaginae, Sneathia spp., G. vaginalis, L. iners, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain is respectively configured to inhibit the growth of the vaginal pathogen by at least 5% or at least 20% compared to the growth of the vaginal pathogen not inhibited by the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a bacterial product produced by the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the bacterial product is a fermentation product of the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the bacterial product is a secreted metabolite of the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain comprises Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain comprises L. jensenii or L. gasseri.In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain comprises L. jensenii ST21 (DSM34525) or L. gasseri ST105 (DSM34528). In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain comprises at least two bacterial strains. In some embodiments, the at least two bacterial strains comprise L. jensenii and L. gasseri. In some embodiments, the at least two bacterial strains comprise L. jensenii ST21 (DSM34525) and L. gasseri ST105 (DSM34528). In some embodiments, the second bacterial strain comprises L. crispatus. In some embodiments, the second bacterial strain comprises L. crispatus ST100 (DSM33187), L. crispatus ST20 (DSM34527), or L. crispatus ST112 (DSM34529). In some embodiments, the second bacterial strain comprises L. crispatus ST100 (DSM33187). 【0017】 In some embodiments of the methods disclosed herein for treating a subject's disease or disease state in need thereof, the formulation is formulated in a vaginal dosage form. In some embodiments, the formulation further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient comprises a hydrogel. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain is configured to exhibit adhesion to vaginal epithelial cells (VECs) at at least 1×10^2 colony forming units (CFU) / 9.5 square centimeters (cm^2) or at least 1×10^6 log CFU / cm^2. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain is configured to exhibit a growth ratio of at least about 0.1 or at least about 0.5 between (1) the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain cultured in a culture medium containing a carbon source consisting of glycogen and (2) the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain cultured in a culture medium containing a carbon source consisting of glucose. In some embodiments, the vaginal pathogen comprises Prevotella bivia, Atopobium vaginae, Sneathia spp., G. vaginalis, L. iners, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain is configured to inhibit the growth of the vaginal pathogen by at least 5% or at least 20% compared to the growth of the vaginal pathogen not inhibited by the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the formulation comprises a bacterial product produced by the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the bacterial product is a fermentation product of the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the bacterial product is a secreted metabolite of the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain comprises Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain comprises L. jensenii or L. gasseri.In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain comprises L. jensenii ST21 (DSM34525) or L. gasseri ST105 (DSM34528). In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain comprises at least two bacterial strains. In some embodiments, the at least two bacterial strains comprise L. jensenii and L. gasseri. In some embodiments, the at least two bacterial strains comprise L. jensenii ST21 (DSM34525) and L. gasseri ST105 (DSM34528). In some embodiments, the second bacterial strain comprises L. crispatus. In some embodiments, the second bacterial strain comprises L. crispatus ST100 (DSM33187), L. crispatus ST20 (DSM34527), or L. crispatus ST112 (DSM34529). In some embodiments, the second bacterial strain comprises L. crispatus ST100 (DSM33187). 【0018】 In the compositions disclosed herein, in some embodiments, the immune response signaling pathway includes an inflammatory immune response signaling pathway or a innate immune response signaling pathway, and the immune response signaling pathway may include a Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. In some embodiments, the TLR signaling pathway includes the TLR4 signaling pathway. In some embodiments, inhibition of the TLR4 signaling pathway is measured by a nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB) reporter. In some embodiments, the TLR receptor further includes a ligand. In some embodiments, the ligand includes lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In some embodiments, the disease or disease state includes NEC. In some embodiments, the composition is formulated into a solid dosage form or a liquid dosage form. In some embodiments, the liquid dosage form includes a suspension. In some embodiments, the composition is formulated into an oral dosage form. In some embodiments, the composition further includes a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain is configured to exhibit adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) at at least 1×10^4 colony forming units (CFU) / 9.5 square centimeters (cm^2), optionally at least 1×10^7 log CFU / cm^2. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain is configured to exhibit a growth ratio of at least about at least about 0.1 or at least 0.7 between (1) the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain cultured in a culture medium containing a carbon source consisting of lactose or human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) and (2) the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain cultured in a culture medium containing a carbon source consisting of glucose. In some embodiments, the HMO includes 2’-fucosyllactose (2’-FL), lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the second bacterial strain is configured to exhibit a growth ratio of at least about at least about 0.1 or at least 0.7 between (1) the second bacterial strain cultured in a culture medium containing a carbon source consisting of lactose or HMO and (2) the second bacterial strain cultured in a culture medium containing a carbon source consisting of glucose.In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain is configured to exhibit a growth ratio of up to about 10%, or optionally 50%, between (1) the first bacterial strain cultured in a culture medium containing a carbon source consisting of lactose or HMO and (2) the first bacterial strain cultured in a culture medium containing a carbon source consisting of glucose. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain is configured not to exhibit growth in a culture medium containing a carbon source consisting of lactose or HMO. In some embodiments, the infant gastrointestinal pathogen includes an opportunistic pathogen. In some embodiments, the infant gastrointestinal pathogen includes Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the infant gastrointestinal pathogen includes Escherichia coli. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain is each configured to inhibit the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen by at least 10%, or optionally at least 50%, compared to the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen not inhibited by the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the composition includes a bacterial product produced by the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the bacterial product is a fermentation product or a secreted metabolite of the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, when the bacterial population is contacted with a barrier including intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), the impedance of the barrier is increased by at least 0.1% compared to the impedance of the barrier contacted with a control bacterial population not including the first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain includes Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium bifidum, or Lactobacillus plantarum.In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain comprises Bifidobacterium longum ST81 (DSM 34594), Bifidobacterium longum ST23 (DSM 34590), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum ST37 (DSM 34587), Bifidobacterium breve ST71 (DSM 34607), Bifidobacterium longum ST119 (DSM34608), Bifidobacterium bifidum ST31 (DSM 34533), or Lactobacillus plantarum ST65 (DSM 34526). In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain comprises Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum ST37 (DSM 34587), Bifidobacterium breve ST71 (DSM 34607), Bifidobacterium longum ST119 (DSM34608), Bifidobacterium bifidum ST31 (DSM 34533), or Lactobacillus plantarum ST65 (DSM 34526).In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain includes Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum ST37 (DSM 34587), Bifidobacterium breve ST71 (DSM 34607), Bifidobacterium longum ST119 (DSM34608), Bifidobacterium bifidum ST31 (DSM 34533), and Lactobacillus plantarum ST65 (DSM 34526). In some embodiments, the second bacterial strain includes Bifidobacterium bifidum ST31 (DSM 34533). 【0019】 In some embodiments, in the methods of treating a disease or disease state of a subject in need thereof disclosed herein, the immune response signaling pathway includes an inflammatory immune response signaling pathway or a innate immune response signaling pathway, and the immune response signaling pathway may include a Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. In some embodiments, the TLR signaling pathway includes a TLR4 signaling pathway. In some embodiments, the TLR4 signaling pathway includes the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB). In some embodiments, the TLR4 signaling pathway includes a ligand. In some embodiments, the ligand includes lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In some embodiments, the disease or disease state includes NEC. In some embodiments, the formulation is formulated into a solid dosage form or a liquid dosage form. In some embodiments, the liquid dosage form includes a suspension. In some embodiments, the formulation is formulated into an oral dosage form. In some embodiments, the method further includes a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain is configured to exhibit adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) at at least 1×10^4 [colony forming units (CFU) / 9.5 square centimeters (cm^2)], optionally at least 1×10^7 log CFU / cm^2. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain is configured to exhibit a growth ratio of at least about 0.1 or at least 0.7 between (1) the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain cultured in a culture medium containing a carbon source consisting of lactose or human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) and (2) the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain cultured in a culture medium containing a carbon source consisting of glucose. In some embodiments, the HMO includes 2’-fucosyllactose (2’-FL), lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), or a combination thereof.In some embodiments, the second bacterial strain is configured to exhibit a growth ratio of at least about at least about 0.1 or at least 0.7 between (1) the second bacterial strain cultured in a culture medium containing a carbon source consisting of lactose or HMO and (2) the second bacterial strain cultured in a culture medium containing a carbon source consisting of glucose. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain is configured to exhibit a growth ratio of up to about 0.99 between (1) the first bacterial strain cultured in a culture medium containing a carbon source consisting of lactose or HMO and (2) the first bacterial strain cultured in a culture medium containing a carbon source consisting of glucose. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain is configured not to exhibit growth in a culture medium containing a carbon source consisting of lactose or HMO. In some embodiments, the neonatal gastrointestinal pathogen includes opportunistic pathogens. In some embodiments, the neonatal gastrointestinal pathogen includes Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the neonatal gastrointestinal pathogen includes Escherichia coli. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain is each configured to inhibit the growth of the neonatal gastrointestinal pathogen by at least 10%, or optionally 50%, compared to the growth of the neonatal gastrointestinal pathogen not inhibited by the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the formulation includes a bacterial product produced by the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the bacterial product is a fermentation product or a secreted metabolite of the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, when the bacterial population is brought into contact with a barrier including intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), the impedance of the barrier is increased by at least 0.1% compared to the impedance of the barrier in contact with a control bacterial population not including the first and second bacterial strains.In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain includes Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium bifidum, or Lactobacillus plantarum. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain includes Bifidobacterium longum ST81 (DSM 34594), Bifidobacterium longum ST23 (DSM 34590), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum ST37 (DSM 34587), Bifidobacterium breve ST71 (DSM 34607), Bifidobacterium longum ST119 (DSM34608), Bifidobacterium bifidum ST31 (DSM 34533), or Lactobacillus plantarum ST65 (DSM 34526).In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain comprises Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum ST37 (DSM 34587), Bifidobacterium breve ST71 (DSM 34607), Bifidobacterium longum ST119 (DSM34608), Bifidobacterium bifidum ST31 (DSM 34533), or Lactobacillus plantarum ST65 (DSM 34526). In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain comprises Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum ST37 (DSM 34587), Bifidobacterium breve ST71 (DSM 34607), Bifidobacterium longum ST119 (DSM34608), Bifidobacterium bifidum ST31 (DSM 34533), and Lactobacillus plantarum ST65 (DSM 34526). In some embodiments, the second bacterial strain comprises Bifidobacterium bifidum ST31 (DSM 34533). 【0020】 In some embodiments, the bacterial population is purified. In some embodiments, the composition comprises fewer than 20 bacterial strains. In some embodiments, the composition comprises at least 3 or at least 4 bacterial strains. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain comprises at least 2 or at least 3 bacterial strains. In some embodiments, the second bacterial strain comprises at least 2 or at least 3 bacterial strains. In some embodiments, the composition comprises at least about 10^2 colony forming units (CFU) of the first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the composition comprises up to about 10^15 colony forming units (CFU) of the first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, within the composition, the amount of the first bacterial strain is at least about 5%, 10%, 20%, 50%, 100%, 2-fold, 10-fold, or 100-fold higher than the amount of the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, within the composition, the amount of the first bacterial strain is up to about 5%, 10%, 20%, 50%, 100%, 2-fold, 10-fold, or 100-fold higher than the amount of the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, within the composition, the amount of the first bacterial strain is at least about 5%, 10%, 20%, 50%, 100%, 2-fold, 10-fold, or 100-fold lower than the amount of the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, within the composition, the amount of the first bacterial strain is up to about 5%, 10%, 20%, 50%, 100%, 2-fold, 10-fold, or 100-fold lower than the amount of the second bacterial strain. 【0021】 In some embodiments, a composition is disclosed herein. In one aspect, the composition comprises a bacterial population comprising bacterial strains for use in treating enteric diseases in an infant subject in need thereof, and the composition is configured to treat the enteric disease in the infant at least in part by inhibiting the growth of enteric pathogens in the subject by at least 60% as compared to the growth of the enteric pathogens in the subject when not inhibited by the composition. 【0022】 In some embodiments, methods of treating gastrointestinal diseases in infants in need thereof are disclosed herein. In one aspect, a method of treating gastrointestinal diseases in infants in need thereof comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a formulation, the formulation comprising a bacterial population comprising a bacterial strain, wherein (1) the formulation inhibits the growth of at least 60% of the infant gastrointestinal pathogens as compared to the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogens when not inhibited by the formulation, or (2) the formulation is configured to treat the infant gastrointestinal disease at least in part by inhibiting the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogens in the subject by at least 60% as compared to the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogens in a control formulation not inhibited by the formulation. 【0023】 In some embodiments, compositions are disclosed herein. In one aspect, the composition comprises a bacterial population comprising a bacterial strain for use in treating vaginal diseases or complications associated with vaginal diseases in a subject in need thereof, the composition is formulated for application to the vagina of the subject, and the composition is configured to treat the vaginal disease or complications associated with the vaginal disease at least in part by inhibiting the subject's vaginal pathogens by at least 30% as compared to the growth or biofilm formation of the subject's vaginal pathogens when not inhibited by the composition. 【0024】 In some embodiments, methods of treating vaginal diseases or complications associated with vaginal diseases in a subject in need thereof are disclosed herein. In one aspect, a method of treating vaginal diseases or complications associated with vaginal diseases in a subject in need thereof comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a formulation, the formulation comprising a bacterial population comprising a bacterial strain, wherein (1) the formulation inhibits the growth or biofilm formation of at least 30% of the vaginal pathogens as compared to the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogens when not inhibited by the formulation, or (2) the formulation is configured to treat the vaginal disease or complications associated with the vaginal disease at least in part by inhibiting the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogens in the subject by at least 30% as compared to the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogens in a control subject not inhibited by the formulation. 【0025】 In some embodiments, a composition is disclosed herein. In one aspect, the composition comprises a bacterial population comprising a first bacterial strain, wherein the first bacterial strain, when cultured with (1) a second bacterial strain different from the first bacterial strain or (2) the culture medium of the second bacterial strain, (a) inhibits the immune response signaling pathway by at least 10% compared to the immune response signaling pathway inhibited by a control bacterial strain comprising the first bacterial strain not cultured with (1) the second bacterial strain or (2) the culture medium of the second bacterial strain, respectively, or (b) the culture medium of the first bacterial strain inhibits the immune response signaling pathway by at least 10% compared to the immune response signaling pathway inhibited by the culture medium of the control bacterial strain, respectively. 【0026】 In some embodiments, a composition is disclosed herein. In one aspect, the composition comprises a bacterial population comprising a first bacterial strain and a second bacterial strain different from the first bacterial strain for use in treating a vaginal disease or a complication associated with a vaginal disease in a subject in need thereof, wherein the first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain are derived from the vagina of a donor, the composition is formulated for application to the vagina of the subject, and the composition is configured to treat the vaginal disease or the complication associated with the vaginal disease at least in part by inhibiting the growth or biofilm formation of the subject's vaginal pathogens by at least 0.1% compared to the growth or biofilm formation of the subject's vaginal pathogens when not inhibited by the composition. 【0027】 In some embodiments, the donor is human. In some embodiments, the human is a healthy individual. In some embodiments, the human does not have a vaginal disease or a complication associated with a vaginal disease. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain are derived from the microbiota of the donor's vagina. 【0028】 In some embodiments, a composition is disclosed herein. In one aspect, the composition comprises a bacterial population comprising a first bacterial strain and a second bacterial strain different from the first bacterial strain, wherein the first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain are derived from the human gastrointestinal tract, and when the first bacterial strain is cultured (1) with the second bacterial strain or (2) with the culture medium of the second bacterial strain, (a) the first bacterial strain inhibits the growth of a gastrointestinal pathogen by at least 0.1% as compared to the growth of the gastrointestinal pathogen when inhibited by a control bacterial strain comprising the first bacterial strain not cultured (1) with the second bacterial strain or (2) with the culture medium of the second bacterial strain, respectively, (b) the first bacterial strain inhibits the immune response signaling pathway by at least 0.1% as compared to the immune response signaling pathway when inhibited by the control bacterial strain, respectively, (c) the culture medium of the first bacterial strain inhibits the growth of the gastrointestinal pathogen by at least 0.1% as compared to the growth of the gastrointestinal pathogen when inhibited by the culture medium of the control bacterial strain, respectively, or (d) the culture medium of the first bacterial strain inhibits the signal of the immune response signaling pathway by at least 0.1% as compared to the immune response reporter when inhibited by the culture medium of the control bacterial strain. 【0029】 In some embodiments, the human is a healthy individual. In some embodiments, the human is an infant. In some embodiments, the infant does not have an infant gastrointestinal disease. 【0030】 In some embodiments, a composition is disclosed herein. In one aspect, the composition comprises (1) a first bacterial strain and a second bacterial strain different from the first bacterial strain or (2) a bacterial product resulting from a culture of the first bacterial strain and the culture medium of the second bacterial strain, wherein the first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain comprise Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, and the bacterial product is configured to (a) inhibit the growth or biofilm formation of a pathogen by at least 0.1% compared to the growth of the pathogen when inhibited by a control bacterial metabolite produced from a control culture, or (b) inhibit an immune response signaling pathway by at least 0.1% compared to the immune response signaling pathway when inhibited by a control bacterial product produced from a control culture, and the control culture does not contain (1) the first bacterial strain and (2) the second bacterial strain or the culture medium of the second bacterial strain. 【0031】 In some embodiments, the pathogen comprises an infant gastrointestinal pathogen. In some embodiments, the bacterial product is configured to (i) inhibit the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen by at least 0.1% compared to the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen when inhibited by a control bacterial product produced by a control culture, or (ii) inhibit the signal of an immune response reporter of an immune response signaling pathway in an engineered cell by at least 0.1% compared to the signal of the immune response reporter of the immune response signaling pathway in the engineered cell when inhibited by a control bacterial product produced by a control culture. In some embodiments, the pathogen comprises a vaginal pathogen. In some embodiments, the bacterial product is configured to inhibit the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen by at least 0.1% compared to the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen when inhibited by a control bacterial product produced by a control culture. In some embodiments, the bacterial product comprises at least lactic acid hydrogen peroxide, lipoteichoic acid, protein-like products, peptide products, short-chain fatty acids, immunomodulatory lipids, bacteriocins, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the bacterial product comprises at least 2, 3, 4, 5 or more bacterial products. 【0032】 In some embodiments, a composition is disclosed herein. In one aspect, the composition comprises a bacterial population comprising at least one strain of Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, and the bacterial population exhibits at least a 0.1% increase in (a) adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells (IPCs), (b) at least a 0.1% increase in the impedance of the barrier comprising IPCs, (c) at least a 0.1% increase in growth in a medium containing human milk oligosaccharides, (d) at least a 0.1% increase in inhibition of pathogen growth, (e) at least a 0.1% decrease in an immune response reporter, or (f) a combination of (a)-(e), as compared to a control bacterial strain comprising B. longum EV27 or L. reuteri BG49. 【0033】 In some embodiments, a composition is disclosed herein. In one aspect, the composition comprises Bifidobacterium bifidum ST31 (DSM34533), Bifidobacterium bifidum ST80 (DSM34534), Lactobacillus crispatus ST112 (DSM34529), Lactobacillus crispatus ST20 (DSM34527), Lactobacillus gasseri ST105 (DSM34528), Lactobacillus jensenii ST21 (DSM34525), Lactobacillus plantarum ST65 (DSM34526), Bifidobacterium adolescentis ST101 (DSM34592), Bifidobacterium breve ST56 (DSM34588), Bifidobacterium longum ST19 (DSM34589), Bifidobacterium longum ST81 (DSM34594), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum ST37 (DSM34587), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum ST66 (DSM34591), Lactobacillus crispatus ST100 (DSM33187), Lactobacillus rhamnosus ST116 (DSM34593), Bifidobacterium longum ST23 (DSM34590), Bifidobacterium breve (BifidobacteriumIt contains at least one of breve) ST71 (DSM34607) or Bifidobacterium longum ST119 (DSM34608). 【0034】 In some embodiments, the composition is Bifidobacterium bifidum ST31 (DSM34533), Bifidobacterium bifidum ST80 (DSM34534), Lactobacillus crispatus ST112 (DSM34529), Lactobacillus crispatus ST20 (DSM34527), Lactobacillus gasseri ST105 (DSM34528), Lactobacillus jensenii ST21 (DSM34525), Lactobacillus plantarum ST65 (DSM34526), Bifidobacterium adolescentis ST101 (DSM34592), Bifidobacterium breve ST56 (DSM34588), Bifidobacterium longum ST19 (DSM34589), Bifidobacterium longum ST81 (DSM34594), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum ST37 (DSM34587), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum ST66 (DSM34591), Lactobacillus crispatus ST100 (DSM33187), Lactobacillus rhamnosus ST116 (DSM34593), Bifidobacterium longum ST23 (DSM34590), Bifidobacterium breve ST71 (DSM34607), or Bifidobacterium longumcomprising at least two of ST119 (DSM34608) of longum. In some embodiments, the composition is formulated into an oral or vaginal dosage form. In some embodiments, the composition comprises at least about 10^2 colony forming units per strain. 【0035】 In some embodiments, methods of generating combinations of bacteria are disclosed herein. In one aspect, a method of generating a combination of bacteria comprises: (a) providing a first bacterial strain; (b) generating a plurality of cultures, each comprising the first bacterial strain and (1) a given strain of a plurality of bacterial strains or (2) a metabolite produced by a given strain of bacterial strains; (c) determining a culture of the plurality of cultures of (b) that can (i) inhibit the growth or biofilm formation of a vaginal pathogen by at least 0.1% compared to the growth or biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen inhibited by a control culture, (ii) inhibit the signal of an immune response reporter by at least 0.1% compared to the signal of the immune response reporter inhibited by a control culture, or (iii) inhibit the growth of an infant gastrointestinal pathogen by at least 0.1% compared to the growth of the infant gastrointestinal pathogen inhibited by a control culture, thereby identifying a given strain of bacterial strains and generating a combination of bacteria comprising the first bacterial strain and the given strain of bacterial strains, wherein the control culture does not comprise the first bacterial strain and (1) the given strain of bacterial strains or (2) a metabolite produced by the given strain of bacterial strains. 【0036】 In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions are disclosed herein. In one aspect, a pharmaceutical composition comprises a bacterial population comprising a first bacterial strain and a second bacterial strain, the first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain being different from each other, the bacterial population comprising Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, the first bacterial strain showing at least about 105% by weight of growth as compared to the growth of the second bacterial strain when present in (1) a medium comprising an energy source and the second bacterial strain, or (2) the supernatant of a medium comprising an energy source and the second bacterial strain, or the growth of the first bacterial strain when present in a medium comprising an energy source in the absence of the supernatant of a medium comprising an energy source and the second bacterial strain, the energy source comprising human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) or being free of starch. 【0037】 In some embodiments, the supernatant of the medium containing the energy source and the second bacterial strain is cell-free. In some embodiments, the supernatant of the medium containing the energy source and the second bacterial strain contains fermentation products derived from the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain, when present in (1) the medium containing the energy source and the second bacterial strain or (2) the supernatant of the medium containing the energy source and the second bacterial strain, exhibits at least about 105% by weight of maximum growth of about 48 hours, about 24 hours, or about 12 hours, compared to the growth of the second bacterial strain or the first bacterial strain when present in the medium containing the energy source in the absence of the supernatant of the medium containing the energy source and the second bacterial strain, respectively. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain, when present in (1) the medium containing the energy source and the second bacterial strain or (2) the supernatant of the medium containing the energy source and the second bacterial strain, exhibits at least about 150% by weight, at least about 1000% by weight, or at least about 10000% by weight of growth compared to the growth of the first bacterial strain when present in the medium containing the energy source in the absence of the supernatant of the medium containing the energy source and the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain does not contain recombinant genetic modification, and each of the first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain may not contain recombinant genetic modification. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated in an enteral dosage form, an injectable dosage form, a parenteral dosage form, a topical dosage form, or a combination thereof, and optionally the enteral dosage form includes an oral dosage form, an intragastric dosage form, or a rectal dosage form. In some embodiments, Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae includes Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Limosi Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Ligi Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Lactobacillus casei sp., or a combination thereof.In some embodiments, Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae includes Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Limosilactobacillus vaginalis, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, Bifidobacterium sp. includes B. animalis, B. pseudocatenulatum, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. dentium, B. faecale, B. longum, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain includes Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae. In some embodiments, the second bacterial strain includes Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae. In some embodiments, the energy source does not include starch, and the starch may not be modified starch, fermented starch, dextrin or maltodextrin.In some embodiments, the energy source includes an HMO, and the HMO may include fructooligosaccharide (FOS), guar gum, corn syrup, polydextrose, galactooligosaccharide (GOS), lactose, inulin, mucin, sialic acid, glucan, fructose, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), mannose, lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), glucose, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), galactose, fructose, pectin, or a combination thereof. 【0038】 In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions are disclosed herein. In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition includes a bacterial population comprising a bacterial strain, the bacterial population comprising Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, and the metabolite or non-viable cells derived from the bacterial strain, when combined with an engineered cell comprising a reporter, cause the reporter signal to be reduced by at least about 5% compared to the reporter signal when the engineered cell is not combined with the metabolite or non-viable cells derived from the bacterial strain. 【0039】 In some embodiments, the medium containing metabolites or non-viable cells derived from the bacterial strain comprises the supernatant derived from the growth culture of the bacterial strain, and the supernatant derived from the growth culture of the bacterial strain may be cell-free. In some embodiments, the medium containing metabolites or non-viable cells derived from the bacterial strain comprises the fermentation product derived from the growth culture of the bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the bacterial strain does not contain recombinant genetic modification. In some embodiments, the metabolite is not a cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) peptide or a fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the engineered cells include engineered immune cells, and the engineered immune cells may include macrophages. In some embodiments, the reporter includes an immune response reporter. In some embodiments, the reporter includes a nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB) reporter or an interferon-sensitive response element reporter (ISRE), the NFkB reporter may include a secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter, or the ISRE reporter may include Lucia luciferase. In some embodiments, when the metabolite or non-viable cells derived from the bacterial strain are combined with the engineered cells containing the reporter, the signal of the reporter is reduced by at least about 10% or at least about 50% compared to the case where the engineered cells are not combined with the metabolite or non-viable cells derived from the bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated in an enteral dosage form, an injection dosage form, a parenteral dosage form, a topical dosage form, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the enteral dosage form includes an oral dosage form, a gastric dosage form, or a rectal dosage form, and the gastric dosage form may include a dosage form configured to pass through a feeding tube. In some embodiments, the bacterial strain includes Bifidobacterium sp., and optionally Bifidobacterium sp. includes B. animalis, B. pseudocatenulatum, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. dentium, B. faecale, B. longum, or a combination thereof.In some embodiments, the bacterial strain includes Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, and Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae may include Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Limosi Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Ligi Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Lactobacillus casei sp., or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae includes Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Limosilactobacillus vaginalis, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, or a combination thereof. 【0040】 In some embodiments, a method is disclosed herein. In one aspect, the method includes administering to a subject a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the subject has bacterial vaginitis (BV) or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or a risk of BV or a risk of NEC. In some embodiments, the subject has BV or a risk of BV, and the subject may have a microbial dysbiosis in the subject's vagina. In some embodiments, the subject is at least about 10 years old, or up to about 120 years old. In some embodiments, the subject has NEC or a risk of NEC, and the subject may have a microbial dysbiosis in the subject's gastrointestinal tract. In some embodiments, the subject is up to about 1 year old or at least about 1 day old, and the subject may be a premature infant. 【0041】 In some embodiments, a method is disclosed herein. In one aspect, the method includes: (a) providing a plurality of bacterial strains; (b) culturing a given bacterial strain of the plurality of bacterial strains in a carbon source or a plurality of carbon sources; (c) measuring the growth of the plurality of bacterial strains; and (d) selecting a bacterial strain of the plurality of bacterial strains, wherein the plurality of bacterial strains includes Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, and the bacterial strain shows at least about 105 wt% growth compared to the growth of a second bacterial strain when present in a medium containing a carbon source and the second bacterial strain, or in the supernatant of a medium containing a carbon source and the second bacterial strain, or the growth of a first bacterial strain when present in a medium containing a carbon source in the absence of the supernatant of a medium containing a carbon source and the second bacterial strain, and the carbon source includes human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) or does not include starch. 【0042】 In some embodiments, a method is disclosed herein. In one aspect, the method includes (a) providing a plurality of bacterial strains, (b) culturing a given bacterial strain of the plurality of bacterial strains in a carbon source or plurality of carbon sources, (c) measuring the growth of the plurality of bacterial strains, and (d) selecting a bacterial strain of the plurality of bacterial strains, wherein the plurality of bacterial strains includes Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, and a metabolite or non-viable cell derived from the bacterial strain, when combined with an engineered cell comprising a reporter, reduces the reporter signal by at least about 5% compared to the reporter signal when the engineered cell is not combined with the metabolite or non-viable cell derived from the bacterial strain. 【0043】 In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition is disclosed herein. In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition includes a purified bacterial population comprising a bacterial population including a first bacterial strain and a second bacterial strain, wherein i. the first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain are different from each other, ii. the bacterial population includes Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, iii. the first bacterial strain exhibits at least about 105% by weight growth compared to the growth of the second bacterial strain when present in a medium comprising an energy source and the second bacterial strain, or in the supernatant of a medium comprising an energy source and the second bacterial strain, or the growth of the first bacterial strain when present in a medium comprising an energy source in the absence of the supernatant of a medium comprising an energy source and the second bacterial strain, and iv. the energy source does not include starch. 【0044】 In some embodiments, the supernatant of the medium containing the energy source and the second bacterial strain may be cell-free or a fermentation product derived from the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain, when present in the medium containing the energy source and the second bacterial strain, or in the supernatant of the medium containing the energy source and the second bacterial strain, exhibits at least about 105 wt%, at least about 150 wt%, at least about 1000 wt%, or at least about 10000 wt% growth over a maximum of about 48 hours, 24 hours, or about 12 hours compared to the growth of the first bacterial strain over a maximum of about 48 hours in the medium containing the energy source in the absence of the supernatant of the medium containing the energy source and the second bacterial strain or the second bacterial strain. 【0045】 In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable dosage form can include an injectable dosage form, a parenteral dosage form, a topical dosage form, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the enteral dosage form can include an oral dosage form, a gastric dosage form, or a rectal dosage form. In some embodiments, the gastric dosage form can include a dosage form configured to pass through a feeding tube. 【0046】 In some embodiments, the genus Lactobacillaceae can include the strains Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Limosi Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Ligi Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Lactiplantibacillus sp., Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Limosilactobacillus vaginalis, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the genus Bifidobacterium can include the strains B. animalis, B. pseudocatenulatum, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. dentium, B. faecale, B. longum, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain can include Bifidobacterium sp. or Lactobacillaceae sp. In some embodiments, the second bacterial strain can include Bifidobacterium sp. or Lactobacillaceae sp. 【0047】 In some embodiments, the starch is not a modified starch. In some embodiments, the starch is not a fermented starch. In some embodiments, the fermented starch is not dextrin. In some embodiments, the dextrin is not maltodextrin. In some embodiments, the energy source can include fructooligosaccharide (FOS), guar gum, corn syrup, polydextrose, galactooligosaccharide (GOS), lactose, inulin, mucin, sialic acid, glucan, fructose, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), mannose, lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), glucose, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), galactose, fructose, pectin, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition can include a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, a cryoprotective substance, or combinations thereof. 【0048】 In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition can comprise a bacterial population comprising at least one strain of Bifidobacterium sp., at least one strain of Lactobacillus sp., at least one strain of Akkermansia sp., at least one strain of Anaerbutyricum sp., at least one strain of Anaerostipes sp., at least one strain of Anaerotignum sp., at least one strain of Bacillus sp., at least one strain of Bacteroides sp., at least one strain of Blautia sp., at least one strain of Clostridium sp., at least one strain of Coprococcus sp., Dorea sp., Enterococcus sp., at least one strain of Erysipelatoclostridium sp., at least one strain of Escherichia sp., at least one strain of Eubacterium sp., at least one strain of Fusicatenibacter sp., at least one strain of Faecalicatena sp., at least one strain of Holdemanella sp., at least one strain of Lachnospira sp., at least one strain of Longibaculum sp., at least one strain of Paraprevotella sp., at least one strain of Parabacteroides sp., at least one strain of Pediococcus sp., at least one strain of Roseburia sp., at least one strain of Ruminococcus sp., or at least one strain of Veillonella sp., or a combination thereof. 【0049】 In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition is disclosed herein. In some aspects, the pharmaceutical composition can comprise a bacterial population comprising a first bacterial strain and a second bacterial strain, wherein i. the first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain are different from each other, ii. the bacterial population comprises Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, and iii. the first bacterial strain grows over at least about 10 cell divisions when present in a medium containing secreted metabolites derived from the second bacterial strain. 【0050】 In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain can grow in a medium containing a secreted metabolite derived from the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the supernatant derived from the growth culture of the bacterial strain can be cell-free. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain can grow in a medium containing a secreted metabolite derived from the second bacterial strain for up to 12, 24, or 48 hours and through at least about 10, 15, 20, or 32 cell divisions. In some embodiments, the secreted metabolite can be the supernatant derived from the growth culture of the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable dosage form can include an injectable dosage form, a parenteral dosage form, a topical dosage form, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the enteral dosage form can include an oral dosage form, a gastric dosage form, or a rectal dosage form. In some embodiments, the gastric dosage form can include a dosage form configured to pass through a feeding tube. 【0051】 In some embodiments, the genus Lactobacillaceae may include the genus Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Limosi Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Ligi Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Lactiplantibacillus sp., Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Limosilactobacillus vaginalis, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the genus Bifidobacterium may include the species B. animalis, B. pseudocatenulatum, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. dentium, B. faecale, B. longum, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain can include Bifidobacterium sp. or Lactobacillaceae sp. In some embodiments, the second bacterial strain can include Bifidobacterium sp. or Lactobacillaceae sp. 【0052】 In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition can comprise a bacterial population comprising at least one strain of Bifidobacterium sp., at least one strain of Lactobacillus sp., at least one strain of Akkermansia sp., at least one strain of Anaerbutyricum sp., at least one strain of Anaerosporobacter sp., at least one strain of Anaerotignum sp., at least one strain of Bacillus sp., at least one strain of Bacteroides sp., at least one strain of Blautia sp., at least one strain of Clostridium sp., at least one strain of Coprococcus sp., Dorea sp., Enterococcus sp., at least one strain of Erysipelatoclostridium sp., at least one strain of Escherichia sp., at least one strain of Eubacterium sp., at least one strain of Fusicatenibacter sp., at least one strain of Faecalicatena sp., at least one strain of Holdemanella sp., at least one strain of Lachnospira sp., at least one strain of Longibaculum sp., at least one strain of Paraprevotella sp., at least one strain of Parabacteroides sp., at least one strain of Pediococcus sp., at least one strain of Roseburia sp., at least one strain of Ruminococcus sp., or at least one strain of Veillonella sp., or a combination thereof. 【0053】 In some embodiments, the energy source can include fructooligosaccharide (FOS), guar gum, corn syrup, polydextrose, galactooligosaccharide (GOS), lactose, inulin, mucin, sialic acid, glucan, fructose, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), mannose, lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), glucose, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), galactose, fructose, pectin, starch, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the starch is not fermented starch. In some embodiments, the starch can include modified starch. In some embodiments, the modified starch can include fermented starch. Fermented starch can include dextrin. In some embodiments, the dextrin can include maltodextrin. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition can include a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, a cryoprotective substance, or combinations thereof. 【0054】 In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition is disclosed herein. In some aspects, the pharmaceutical composition can include a bacterial population comprising a first bacterial strain and a second bacterial strain, wherein i. the first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain are different from each other, ii. the bacterial population includes Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, and iii. the first bacterial strain, when present in a medium containing a secreted metabolite and an epithelial cell layer derived from the second bacterial strain, can reduce the permeability of the epithelial cell layer by at least about 5% compared to the permeability of the epithelial cell layer in a medium containing the first bacterial strain in the absence of the secreted metabolite, and the permeability of the epithelial cell layer is measured by the transport of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated dextran or by the transepithelial electrical resistance across the epithelial cell layer. 【0055】 In some embodiments, the medium containing the secreted metabolite derived from the second bacterial strain can include the supernatant derived from the growth culture of the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the supernatant derived from the growth culture of the second bacterial strain can be cell-free. In some embodiments, the secreted metabolite supernatant can reduce the permeability of the epithelial cell layer by at least about 5%, 10%, 20%, 50%, or more than 50% compared to the permeability of the epithelial cell layer present in the medium containing the first bacterial strain in the absence of the secreted metabolite. In some embodiments, the epithelial cells can include mammalian epithelial cells. In some embodiments, the mammalian epithelial cells can include human epithelial cells. 【0056】 In some embodiments, the genus Lactobacillaceae may include the strain Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Limosi Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Ligi Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Lactiplantibacillus sp., Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Limosilactobacillus vaginalis, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the genus Bifidobacterium may include the strain B. animalis, B. pseudocatenulatum, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. dentium, B. faecale, B. longum, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain can include Bifidobacterium sp. or Lactobacillaceae sp. In some embodiments, the second bacterial strain can include Bifidobacterium sp. or Lactobacillaceae sp. 【0057】 In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition can comprise a bacterial population comprising at least one strain of Bifidobacterium sp., at least one strain of Lactobacillus sp., at least one strain of Akkermansia sp., at least one strain of Anaerbutyricum sp., at least one strain of Anaerosipes sp., at least one strain of Anaerotignum sp., at least one strain of Bacillus sp., at least one strain of Bacteroides sp., at least one strain of Blautia sp., at least one strain of Clostridium sp., at least one strain of Coprococcus sp., Dorea sp., Enterococcus sp., at least one strain of Erysipelatoclostridium sp., at least one strain of Escherichia sp., at least one strain of Eubacterium sp., at least one strain of Faecalibacterium sp., at least one strain of Faecalicatena sp., at least one strain of Holdemanella sp., at least one strain of Ruminospira sp., at least one strain of Longibaculum sp., at least one strain of Paraprevotella sp., at least one strain of Parabacteroides sp., at least one strain of Pediococcus sp., at least one strain of Roseburia sp., at least one strain of Lachnoclostridium sp., or at least one strain of Veillonella sp., or a combination thereof. 【0058】 In some embodiments, the energy source can include fructooligosaccharide (FOS), guar gum, corn syrup, polydextrose, galactooligosaccharide (GOS), lactose, inulin, mucin, sialic acid, glucan, fructose, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), mannose, lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), glucose, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), galactose, fructose, pectin, starch, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the starch is not fermented starch. In some embodiments, the starch can include modified starch. In some embodiments, the modified starch can include fermented starch. Fermented starch can include dextrin. In some embodiments, the dextrin can include maltodextrin. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition can include a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, a cryoprotective substance, or combinations thereof. 【0059】 In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable dosage forms can include injectable dosage forms, parenteral dosage forms, topical dosage forms, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the enteral dosage forms can include oral dosage forms, intragastric dosage forms, or rectal dosage forms. In some embodiments, the intragastric dosage forms can include dosage forms configured to pass through a feeding tube. 【0060】 In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition is disclosed herein. In some aspects, the pharmaceutical composition includes a bacterial population comprising a first bacterial strain and a second bacterial strain, wherein i. the first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain are different from each other, ii. the bacterial population includes Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, and iii. the secreted metabolites or non-viable cells derived from the bacterial strain, when combined with engineered cells comprising a reporter, reduce the reporter signal by at least about 5% compared to the reporter signal when the engineered cells are not combined with the metabolites or non-viable cells derived from the bacterial strain. 【0061】 In some embodiments, a medium containing a secreted metabolite or non-viable cells derived from a bacterial strain may contain a supernatant derived from a growth culture of the bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the supernatant may be cell-free. In some embodiments, a medium containing a secreted metabolite or non-viable cells derived from a bacterial strain may contain a fermentation product derived from a growth culture of the bacterial strain. In some embodiments, a secreted metabolite derived from a bacterial strain may contain a fermentation product derived from the bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the engineered cells can include macrophages. In some embodiments, the non-viable cells can include pasteurized cells. 【0062】 In some embodiments, the reporter can include a nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB) reporter or an interferon-sensitive response element reporter (ISRE). In some embodiments, the NFkB reporter can include a secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter. In some embodiments, the ISRE reporter can include a Lucia luciferase. In some embodiments, a secreted metabolite or non-viable cells derived from a bacterial strain, when combined with the engineered cells, can reduce the reporter signal by at least about 5%, or at least about 10%, or at least about 50%, or at least about 50% more, compared to when the engineered cells are not combined with the metabolite or non-viable cells derived from the bacterial strain. 【0063】 In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable dosage form can include an injectable dosage form, a parenteral dosage form, a topical dosage form, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the enteral dosage form can include an oral dosage form, an intragastric dosage form, or a rectal dosage form. In some embodiments, the intragastric dosage form can include a dosage form configured to pass through a feeding tube. 【0064】 In some embodiments, the genus Lactobacillaceae can include strains Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Limosi Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Ligi Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Lactiplantibacillus sp., Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Limosilactobacillus vaginalis, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the genus Bifidobacterium can include strains B. animalis, B. pseudocatenulatum, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. dentium, B. faecale, B. longum, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain can include Bifidobacterium sp. or Lactobacillaceae sp. In some embodiments, the second bacterial strain can include Bifidobacterium sp. or Lactobacillaceae sp. 【0065】 In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition can comprise a bacterial population comprising at least one strain of Bifidobacterium sp., at least one strain of Lactobacillus sp., at least one strain of Akkermansia sp., at least one strain of Anaerbutyricum sp., at least one strain of Anaerostipes sp., at least one strain of Anaerotignum sp., at least one strain of Bacillus sp., at least one strain of Bacteroides sp., at least one strain of Blautia sp., at least one strain of Clostridium sp., at least one strain of Coprococcus sp., Dorea sp., Enterococcus sp., at least one strain of Erysipelatoclostridium sp., at least one strain of Escherichia sp., at least one strain of Eubacterium sp., at least one strain of Faecalibacterium sp., at least one strain of Faecalicatena sp., at least one strain of Holdemanella sp., at least one strain of Ruminococcus sp., at least one strain of Longibaculum sp., at least one strain of Paraprevotella sp., at least one strain of Parabacteroides sp., at least one strain of Pediococcus sp., at least one strain of Roseburia sp., at least one strain of Lachnoclostridium sp., or at least one strain of Veillonella sp., or a combination thereof. 【0066】 In some embodiments, the energy source can include fructooligosaccharide (FOS), guar gum, corn syrup, polydextrose, galactooligosaccharide (GOS), lactose, inulin, mucin, sialic acid, glucan, fructose, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), mannose, lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), glucose, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), galactose, fructose, pectin, starch, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the starch is not fermented starch. In some embodiments, the starch can include modified starch. In some embodiments, the modified starch can include fermented starch. Fermented starch can include dextrin. In some embodiments, the dextrin can include maltodextrin. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition can include a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, a cryoprotective substance, or combinations thereof. 【0067】 In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition is disclosed herein. In some aspects, the pharmaceutical composition can include a bacterial population comprising a first bacterial strain and a second bacterial strain, wherein: i. the first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain are different from each other; ii. the bacterial population includes Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae; and iii. the first bacterial strain exhibits at least about 105% growth by colony forming units (CFU) compared to the growth of the first bacterial strain in a medium containing the second bacterial strain or its supernatant or in a medium not containing the second bacterial strain or its supernatant when present in the medium containing the second bacterial strain or its supernatant for up to about 15 hours. 【0068】 In some embodiments, the medium containing the second bacterial strain or its supernatant can include secreted metabolites derived from the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the secreted metabolites derived from the second bacterial strain can include fermentation products derived from the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the supernatant of the medium containing the second bacterial strain can be cell-free. 【0069】 In some embodiments, when the first bacterial strain is present in a medium containing the second bacterial strain or its supernatant for up to about 15, 10, or 8 hours, compared to the growth of the first bacterial strain when present in a medium not containing the second bacterial strain or its supernatant, it can exhibit growth of at least about 105%, at least about 110%, at least about 120%, at least about 150%, at least 200%, or at least about 200% more as measured by CFU. 【0070】 In some embodiments, the genus Lactobacillaceae can include strains Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Limosi Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Ligi Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Lactiplantibacillus sp., Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Limosilactobacillus vaginalis, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the genus Bifidobacterium can include strains B. animalis, B. pseudocatenulatum, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. dentium, B. faecale, B. longum, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain can include Bifidobacterium sp. or Lactobacillaceae sp. In some embodiments, the second bacterial strain can include Bifidobacterium sp. or Lactobacillaceae sp. 【0071】 In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition can comprise a bacterial population comprising at least one strain of Bifidobacterium sp., at least one strain of Lactobacillus sp., at least one strain of Akkermansia sp., at least one strain of Anaerbutyricum sp., at least one strain of Anaerosipelaes sp., at least one strain of Anaerotignum sp., at least one strain of Bacillus sp., at least one strain of Bacteroides sp., at least one strain of Blautia sp., at least one strain of Clostridium sp., at least one strain of Coprococcus sp., Dorea sp., Enterococcus sp., at least one strain of Erysipelatoclostridium sp., at least one strain of Escherichia sp., at least one strain of Eubacterium sp., at least one strain of Fusicatenibacter sp., at least one strain of Faecalicatena sp., at least one strain of Holdemanella sp., at least one strain of Lachnospira sp., at least one strain of Longibaculum sp., at least one strain of Paraprevotella sp., at least one strain of Parabacteroides sp., at least one strain of Pediococcus sp., at least one strain of Roseburia sp., at least one strain of Ruminococcus sp., or at least one strain of Veillonella sp., or a combination thereof. 【0072】 In some embodiments, the energy source can include fructooligosaccharide (FOS), guar gum, corn syrup, polydextrose, galactooligosaccharide (GOS), lactose, inulin, mucin, sialic acid, glucan, fructose, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), mannose, lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), glucose, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), galactose, fructose, pectin, starch, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the starch is not fermented starch. In some embodiments, the starch can include modified starch. In some embodiments, the modified starch can include fermented starch. Fermented starch can include dextrin. In some embodiments, the dextrin can include maltodextrin. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition can include a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, a cryoprotectant, or combinations thereof. 【0073】 In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition is disclosed herein. In some aspects, the pharmaceutical composition can include a bacterial population comprising at least one strain of Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, wherein the bacterial population exhibits no growth of at least about 105 wt% compared to the growth of a reference bacterial population when present in a medium containing glucose, when present in a medium containing sialic acid. 【0074】 In some embodiments, the bacterial population exhibits no growth of at least about 105 wt%, at least about 120 wt%, at least about 150 wt%, at least about 1000 wt%, or more than at least about 1000 wt% compared to the growth of a reference bacterial population when present in a medium containing glucose as a carbon source or the sole carbon source, when present in a medium containing sialic acid. 【0075】 In some embodiments, the pharmaceutically acceptable dosage form can include an injectable dosage form, a parenteral dosage form, a topical dosage form, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the enteral dosage form can include an oral dosage form, an intragastric dosage form, or a rectal dosage form. In some embodiments, the intragastric dosage form can include a dosage form configured to pass through a feeding tube. 【0076】 In some embodiments, the genus Lactobacillaceae may include the genus Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Limosi Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Ligi Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, Lactiplantibacillus sp., Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Limosilactobacillus vaginalis, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the genus Bifidobacterium may include the species B. animalis, B. pseudocatenulatum, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. dentium, B. faecale, B. longum, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the first bacterial strain can include Bifidobacterium sp. or Lactobacillaceae sp. In some embodiments, the second bacterial strain can include Bifidobacterium sp. or Lactobacillaceae sp. 【0077】 In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition can comprise a bacterial population comprising at least one strain of Bifidobacterium sp., at least one strain of Lactobacillus sp., at least one strain of Akkermansia sp., at least one strain of Anaerbutyricum sp., at least one strain of Anaerostipes sp., at least one strain of Anaerotignum sp., at least one strain of Bacillus sp., at least one strain of Bacteroides sp., at least one strain of Blautia sp., at least one strain of Clostridium sp., at least one strain of Coprococcus sp., Dorea sp., Enterococcus sp., at least one strain of Erysipelatoclostridium sp., at least one strain of Escherichia sp., at least one strain of Eubacterium sp., at least one strain of Fusicatenibacter sp., at least one strain of Faecalicatena sp., at least one strain of Holdemanella sp., at least one strain of Ruminospira sp., at least one strain of Longibaculum sp., at least one strain of Paraprevotella sp., at least one strain of Parabacteroides sp., at least one strain of Pediococcus sp., at least one strain of Roseburia sp., at least one strain of Lachnoclostridium sp., or at least one strain of Veillonella sp., or a combination thereof. 【0078】 In some embodiments, the energy source can include fructooligosaccharides (FOS), guar gum, corn syrup, polydextrose, galactooligosaccharides (GOS), lactose, inulin, mucin, sialic acid, glucan, fructose, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), mannose, lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), glucose, 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), galactose, fructose, pectin, starch, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the starch is not fermented starch. In some embodiments, the starch can include modified starch. In some embodiments, the modified starch can include fermented starch. Fermented starch can include dextrin. In some embodiments, the dextrin can include maltodextrin. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition can include a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, cryoprotectant, or combinations thereof. 【0079】 In some embodiments, methods of treating a subject having or suspected of having a disease are disclosed herein. In one aspect, a method for treating a subject having or suspected of having a disease includes administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition of any of the disclosed pharmaceutical compositions. 【0080】 In some embodiments, the disease is an inflammatory disease. In some embodiments, the inflammatory disease is bacterial vaginitis (BV) or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) disease. In some embodiments, the subject can have BV or NEC, or be at risk for BV or NEC. In some embodiments, the subject can have a microbial dysbiosis in the subject's gastrointestinal (GI) tract or vagina. In some embodiments, a subject at risk for BV can be at least about 10 years old, at least about 15 years old, over at least about 15 years old, or up to about 120 years old. In some embodiments, a subject at risk for NEC can be a premature infant. In some embodiments, a subject at risk for NEC can be up to about 1 year old, or at least about 1 day old. 【0081】 In some embodiments, methods of manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition are disclosed herein. In one aspect, a method of manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition includes: i. providing a plurality of bacterial strains including Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae; ii. culturing a given bacterial strain of the plurality of bacterial strains in a carbon source or plurality of carbon sources; iii. measuring the growth of the plurality of bacterial strains; and iv. selecting a bacterial strain of the plurality of bacterial strains, wherein the bacterial strain exhibits at least about 105% by weight growth compared to the growth of a second bacterial strain when present in a medium containing a carbon source and the second bacterial strain, or in the supernatant of a medium containing a carbon source and the second bacterial strain, or the growth of a first bacterial strain when present in a medium containing a carbon source in the absence of the supernatant of a medium containing a carbon source and the second bacterial strain, and the carbon source may not include starch. 【0082】 In some embodiments, the supernatant of the medium can be cell-free. In some embodiments, the supernatant of the medium can include fermentation products derived from the second bacterial strain. 【0083】 In some embodiments, methods of manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition are disclosed herein. In one aspect, a method of manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition includes: i. providing a plurality of bacterial strains including Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae; ii. culturing a given bacterial strain of the plurality of bacterial strains in a carbon source or plurality of carbon sources; iii. measuring the growth of the plurality of bacterial strains; and iv. selecting a bacterial strain of the plurality of bacterial strains, wherein the plurality of bacterial strains includes Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, and the bacterial strain grows over at least about 10 cell divisions when present in a medium containing secreted metabolites derived from a second bacterial strain. 【0084】 In some embodiments, a medium containing a secreted metabolite derived from a bacterial strain may include a supernatant derived from a growth culture of a second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the supernatant may be cell-free. 【0085】 In some embodiments, methods of manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition are disclosed herein. In some aspects, a method of making a pharmaceutical composition includes: i. providing a plurality of bacterial strains including Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae; ii. culturing a given bacterial strain of the plurality of bacterial strains in a carbon source or a plurality of carbon sources; iii. measuring the growth of the plurality of bacterial strains; and iv. selecting a bacterial strain of the plurality of bacterial strains including Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, wherein: i. when the bacterial strain is present in a medium containing a secreted metabolite and an epithelial cell layer derived from a second bacterial strain, the permeability of the epithelial cell layer can be reduced by at least about 5% compared to the permeability of the epithelial cell layer present in a medium containing the bacterial strain in the absence of the secreted metabolite; ii. the permeability of the epithelial cell layer can be measured by the transport of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated dextran or by the transepithelial electrical resistance across the epithelial cell layer. 【0086】 In some embodiments, a medium containing a secreted metabolite derived from a bacterial strain may include a supernatant derived from a growth culture of a second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the supernatant may be cell-free. In some embodiments, the supernatant may include a fermentation product derived from a second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the epithelial cells can include mammalian epithelial cells. In some embodiments, the mammalian epithelial cells can include human epithelial cells. 【0087】 In some embodiments, methods of manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition are disclosed herein. In one aspect, a method of manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition comprises: i. providing a plurality of bacterial strains including Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae; ii. culturing a given bacterial strain of the plurality of bacterial strains in a carbon source or a plurality of carbon sources; iii. measuring the growth of the plurality of bacterial strains; and iv. selecting a bacterial strain of the plurality of bacterial strains including Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, wherein the secreted metabolites or non-viable cells derived from the bacterial strain, when combined with engineered cells comprising a reporter, reduce the reporter signal by at least about 5% compared to the reporter signal when the engineered cells are not combined with the metabolites or non-viable cells derived from the bacterial strain. 【0088】 In some embodiments, the medium containing the secreted metabolites derived from the bacterial strain can include the supernatant derived from the growth culture of a second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the supernatant can be cell-free. In some embodiments, the supernatant or metabolite can include the fermentation product derived from the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the engineered cells include macrophages. In some embodiments, the non-viable cells are included as pasteurized cells. In some embodiments, the reporter can include NFkB or ISRE. In some embodiments, the NFkB reporter can include the SEAP reporter. In some embodiments, the ISRE reporter can include Lucia luciferase. 【0089】 In some embodiments, methods of manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition are disclosed herein. In one aspect, a method of manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition includes: i. providing a plurality of bacterial strains including Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae; ii. culturing a given bacterial strain of the plurality of bacterial strains in a carbon source or a plurality of carbon sources; iii. measuring the growth of the plurality of bacterial strains; and iv. selecting a bacterial strain of the plurality of bacterial strains including Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, wherein the bacterial strain exhibits at least about 105% growth in colony forming units (CFUs) compared to the growth of the bacterial strain when present in a medium containing a second bacterial strain or its supernatant for up to about 15 hours or when present in a medium not containing the second bacterial strain or its supernatant for up to about 15 hours. 【0090】 In some embodiments, the medium containing the second bacterial strain or its supernatant may contain secreted metabolites derived from the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the metabolite may contain fermentation products derived from the second bacterial strain. In some embodiments, the supernatant may be cell-free. 【0091】 In some embodiments, methods of manufacturing pharmaceutical compositions are disclosed herein. In one aspect, a method of manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition includes: i. providing a plurality of bacterial strains including Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae; ii. culturing a given bacterial strain of the plurality of bacterial strains in a carbon source or a plurality of carbon sources; iii. measuring the growth of the plurality of bacterial strains; and iv. selecting a bacterial strain of the plurality of bacterial strains including Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, wherein the first bacterial strain is configured to utilize a metabolite from a second bacterial strain as a growth promoter, and the metabolite is not butyrate, vitamin B12, or ammonia (NH3). 【0092】 In some embodiments, the metabolite can be a secreted metabolite derived from the second bacterial strain and cannot be a derivative or combination of butyrate, vitamin B12, or ammonia (NH3). 【0093】 In some embodiments, methods of manufacturing pharmaceutical compositions are disclosed herein. In one aspect, a method of manufacturing a pharmaceutical composition includes: i. providing a plurality of bacterial strains including Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae; ii. culturing a given bacterial strain of the plurality of bacterial strains in a carbon source or a plurality of carbon sources; iii. measuring the growth of the plurality of bacterial strains; and iv. selecting a bacterial strain of the plurality of bacterial strains including Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, wherein the bacterial strain cannot use sialic acid as a carbon source. 【0094】 In some embodiments, the bacterial population, when present in a medium containing sialic acid, does not exhibit at least about 105% by weight growth compared to the growth of a reference bacterial population when present in a medium containing glucose as a carbon source or the sole carbon source for the reference bacterial population. 【0095】 Further aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which illustrates and describes only exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. As will be understood, the present disclosure is capable of other and different embodiments, and some of the details thereof are capable of modification in various obvious respects without departing from the present disclosure. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive. 【0096】 The features of the present disclosure are set forth in detail in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and the present disclosure will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that illustrates exemplary embodiments in which the principles of the present disclosure are utilized, and to the appended drawings (also referred to herein as "Figure" and "FIG."). 【Brief Description of the Drawings】 【0097】 【Figure 1】 Shows the growth curves of L. crispatus and L. jensenii colonies, species of the genus Lactobacillus, on MRS plates over 32 hours (L. crispatus) and 20 hours (L. jensenii). 【Figure 2】 Shows a schematic diagram of a direct carbohydrate utilization screening method for monitoring the growth of cultures of the genus Bifidobacterium and the genus Lactobacillus in various carbohydrate-rich media. Also shown is a data analysis method for visualizing the growth rate. 【Figure 3】 Shows the layout of a 96-well plate used in the direct carbohydrate utilization screening method. 【Figure 4】An example of the growth ratio relative to glucose for each target bacterial strain in each carbohydrate stock solution medium is shown as a cluster map. 【Figure 5】 An example of principal coordinate analysis for visualizing the AUC ratio of each strain of interest cultured in each carbohydrate stock solution medium is shown. 【Figure 6】 An example of the predicted carbohydrate utilization screening AUC results for Lactobacillus strains is shown. 【Figure 7】 A method for performing Bifidobacterium screening, which is a technique for isolating and identifying Bifidobacterium strains via DNA sequencing, is shown. 【Figure 8A】 An example of the optical density measurement results of Bifidobacterium DNA is shown. Figure 8A shows an example of the measurement data of Qubit and Nanodrop for creating an identification profile of Bifidobacterium strains. 【Figure 8B】 An example of the optical density measurement results of Bifidobacterium DNA is shown. Figure 8B shows an example of the assay results for creating a visual representation for the identification of Bifidobacterium strains. 【Figure 9A】 Examples of nanopore sequencing measurement results of Bifidobacterium DNA, including the length and quality of the DNA, are shown. Figure 9A shows an example of the nanodrop measurement data, including an example of the average genome size of each strain of interest. 【Figure 9B】 Examples of nanopore sequencing measurement results of Bifidobacterium DNA, including the length and quality of the DNA, are shown. Figure 9B shows an example of the nanodrop measurement and analysis data, including the integrity and contamination measurements for various strains of interest. 【Figure 9C】 Examples of nanopore sequencing measurement results of Bifidobacterium DNA, including the length and quality of the DNA, are shown. Figure 9C shows an example of the average data for various strains of interest, including integrity, contamination, and average genome size. 【Figure 9D】Examples of nanopore sequencing measurements of Bifidobacterium DNA, including DNA length and DNA quality, are shown. Figure 9D shows an example of nanodrop measurement and analysis data, including assembly error per million base pairs and consensus quality score (QV). 【Figure 9E】 Examples of nanopore sequencing measurements of Bifidobacterium DNA, including DNA length and DNA quality, are shown. Figure 9E shows an example of gene number data plotted for various purposes. 【Figure 9F】 Examples of nanopore sequencing measurements of Bifidobacterium DNA, including DNA length and DNA quality, are shown. Figure 9F shows an example of gene length data plotted for various purposes. 【Figure 9G】 Examples of nanopore sequencing measurements of Bifidobacterium DNA, including DNA length and DNA quality, are shown. Figure 9G shows an example of nanodrop data analyzed for various strains of interest, including the polished average gene length ratio. 【Figure 10A】 A method for membrane integrity screening using a monolayer of Caco-2 cells as an in vitro model of epithelial tissue is shown. Figure 10A shows a general method for membrane integrity screening. 【Figure 10B】 A method for membrane integrity screening using a monolayer of Caco-2 cells as an in vitro model of epithelial tissue is shown. Figure 10B shows an example of microscopic visualization of a monolayer of Caco-2 cells in room air and a CO2 incubator. 【Figure 10C】 A method for membrane integrity screening using a monolayer of Caco-2 cells as an in vitro model of epithelial tissue is shown. Figure 10C shows a 24-well plate configuration in which groups of 4 wells per group were subjected to different treatments. 【Figure 10D】 A method for membrane integrity screening using a monolayer of Caco-2 cells as an in vitro model of epithelial tissue is shown. Figure 10D shows an example of data including measurement of TNFα-induced membrane permeability over several hours. 【Figure 11A】An example of the results of TEER membrane permeability analysis is shown. Figure 11A shows an example of TEER and FD4 fluorescence results for samples treated with various levels of IFNγ and / or IFNg for 4 hours for TEER and over a span of 48 hours for the FD4 results. 【Figure 11B】 An example of the results of TEER membrane permeability analysis is shown. Figure 11B shows an example of TEER and FD4 fluorescence results for individual plates over a period of 4 hours for TEER and 24 hours for the FD4 results. 【Figure 12A】 Examples of the results of TEER membrane permeability analysis in room air incubation and alternatively CO2 incubation, and with and without the addition of HCO3 are shown. Figure 12A shows an example of TEER results measured under room air incubation conditions with and without HCO3 over a 4-hour period after treatment. 【Figure 12B】 Examples of the results of TEER membrane permeability analysis in room air incubation and alternatively CO2 incubation, and with and without the addition of HCO3 are shown. Figure 12B shows an example of TEER results measured under room air incubation conditions with and without HCO3 over a 24-hour period after treatment. 【Figure 12C】 Examples of the results of TEER membrane permeability analysis in room air incubation and alternatively CO2 incubation, and with and without the addition of HCO3 are shown. Figure 12C shows an example of TEER results measured under CO2 incubation conditions with and without HCO3 over a 4-hour period after treatment. 【Figure 12D】 Examples of the results of TEER membrane permeability analysis in room air incubation and alternatively CO2 incubation, and with and without the addition of HCO3 are shown. Figure 12D shows an example of TEER results measured under CO2 incubation conditions with and without HCO3 over a 24-hour period after treatment. 【Figure 13A】Shows an example of the plate layout of the pathogen growth inhibition assay and the spectrophotometric data results. Figure 13A shows the layout of a 96-well plate for the in vitro growth inhibition assay. 【Figure 13B】 Shows an example of the plate layout of the pathogen growth inhibition assay and the spectrophotometric data results. Figure 13B shows an example of the cluster map data analysis for the OD600 measurements of various pathogenic strains of interest and various bacterial strains of interest. 【Figure 13C】 Shows an example of the plate layout of the pathogen growth inhibition assay and the spectrophotometric data results. Figure 13C shows an example of the OD600 curve of pathogenic Escherichia coli cultured in a medium containing metabolites of bacterial strains of interest, such as L. rhamnousus ST34, A. mucinphila ST7, and F. prausnitzii ST38 (Fp ST38). 【Figure 13D】 Shows an example of the plate layout of the pathogen growth inhibition assay and the spectrophotometric data results. Figure 13D shows an example of the OD600 curve of pathogenic Escherichia coli cultured in a medium containing metabolites of Bifidobacterium strains of interest, such as B. longum ST59, B. breve ST56, B. longum infantis ST19, B. stercoris ST24, B. dentium ST40, B. stercoris ST101, B. longum ST27, B. bifidum_1 ST50, and B. breve_2 ST30. 【Figure 13E】 Shows an example of the plate layout of the pathogen growth inhibition assay and the spectrophotometric data results. Figure 13E shows an example of the OD600 curve of the growth of pathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae cultured in a medium containing metabolites of a bacterial strain of interest, such as L. rhamnousus ST34. 【Figure 13F】Shows the plate layout of the pathogen growth inhibition assay and an example of the spectrophotometric data results. Figure 13F shows an example of the OD600 curve of the growth of pathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae cultured in a medium containing the metabolite of the target Bifidobacterium strain. 【Figure 14】 Shows the OD600 curve for the dose-dependent inhibition of E. coli growth. 【Figure 15A】 Shows an example of the plate configuration and results of the SEAP detection assay in the detection of the inflammatory transcription factor NFκB in RAW-Dual cells after treatment with potential therapeutic strains. Figure 15A shows an example of the 96-well plate configuration for the SEAP assay. 【Figure 15B】 Shows an example of the plate configuration and results of the SEAP detection assay in the detection of the inflammatory transcription factor NFκB in RAW-Dual cells after treatment with potential therapeutic strains. Figure 15B shows an example of the SEAP test results at various MOIs. 【Figure 15C】 Shows an example of the plate configuration and results of the SEAP detection assay in the detection of the inflammatory transcription factor NFκB in RAW-Dual cells after treatment with potential therapeutic strains. Figure 15C shows an example of the SEAP test results at various metabolite coefficients of the target bacterial strains, such as A. mucinphila ST7 and B. bifidum ST80. 【Figure 15D】 Shows an example of the plate configuration and results of the SEAP detection assay in the detection of the inflammatory transcription factor NFκB in RAW-Dual cells after treatment with potential therapeutic strains. Figure 15D shows an example of the results of NFκB SEAP activity resulting from the metabolites of various target Bifidobacterium strains. 【Figure 15E】 Shows an example of the plate configuration and results of the SEAP detection assay in the detection of the inflammatory transcription factor NFκB in RAW-Dual cells after treatment with potential therapeutic strains. Figure 15E shows an example of the results of the basal NFκB SEAP activity, as well as examples of results from the metabolites of various other target species, such as Blautia and Roseburia. 【Figure 15F】Examples of plate configurations and results of the SEAP detection assay in the detection of the inflammatory transcription factor NFκB in RAW-Dual cells after treatment with potential therapeutic strains are shown. Figure 15F shows examples of NFκB SEAP activity results against E. coli cell growth for various metabolite coefficients of the target bacterial strains. 【Figure 15G】 Examples of plate configurations and results of the SEAP detection assay in the detection of the inflammatory transcription factor NFκB in RAW-Dual cells after treatment with potential therapeutic strains are shown. Figure 15G shows examples of NFκB SEAP activity results at various supernatant dilution factors against various pathogens including E. coli. 【Figure 15H】 Examples of plate configurations and results of the SEAP detection assay in the detection of the inflammatory transcription factor NFκB in RAW-Dual cells after treatment with potential therapeutic strains are shown. Figure 15H shows examples of results of NFκB SEAP activity at various supernatant dilution factors from various target bacterial strains including B. bifidum ST80. 【Figure 15I】 Examples of plate configurations and results of the SEAP detection assay in the detection of the inflammatory transcription factor NFκB in RAW-Dual cells after treatment with potential therapeutic strains are shown. Figure 15I shows examples of results of NFκB SEAP activity at various supernatant dilution factors from various target bacterial strains including B. longum EV27. 【Figure 15J】 Examples of plate configurations and results of the SEAP detection assay in the detection of the inflammatory transcription factor NFκB in RAW-Dual cells after treatment with potential therapeutic strains are shown. Figure 15J shows examples of results of NFκB SEAP activity at various supernatant dilution factors from various target bacterial strains including Fp ST38. 【Figure 16A】 An example of the LUC assay in the detection of the inflammatory transcription factor IRF in RAW-Dual cells after treatment with potential therapeutic strains is shown. Figure 16A shows an example of LUC assay result data for IRF LUC activity at various concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 【Figure 16B】An example of a LUC test in the detection of the inflammatory transcription factor IRF in RAW-Dual cells after treatment with potential therapeutic strains is shown. Figure 16B shows an example of LUC test result data for various MOIs. 【Figure 16C】 An example of a LUC test in the detection of the inflammatory transcription factor IRF in RAW-Dual cells after treatment with potential therapeutic strains is shown. Figure 16C shows an example of the results of a LUC test for various metabolite coefficients of the target bacterial strains, such as A. mucinphila ST7 and B. bifidum ST80 at various dilutions. 【Figure 16D】 An example of a LUC test in the detection of the inflammatory transcription factor IRF in RAW-Dual cells after treatment with potential therapeutic strains is shown. Figure 16D shows an example of the results of a LUC test for IRF LUC activity of metabolites of various target strains including B. longum EV27 at various dilution factors. 【Figure 16E】 An example of a LUC test in the detection of the inflammatory transcription factor IRF in RAW-Dual cells after treatment with potential therapeutic strains is shown. Figure 16E shows an example of the results of a LUC test for IRF LUC activity of metabolites of various target strains including B. theta ST8 at various dilution factors. 【Figure 16F】 An example of a LUC test in the detection of the inflammatory transcription factor IRF in RAW-Dual cells after treatment with potential therapeutic strains is shown. Figure 16F shows an example of the results of a LUC test for IRF LUC activity of metabolites of various target strains including Fp ST38 at various dilution factors. 【Figure 16G】 An example of a LUC test in the detection of the inflammatory transcription factor IRF in RAW-Dual cells after treatment with potential therapeutic strains is shown. Figure 16G shows an example of the results of a LUC test for IRF LUC activity of metabolites of various target strains when interacting with the target pathogen, such as E. coli. 【Figure 16H】An example of a LUC test in the detection of the inflammatory transcription factor IRF in RAW-Dual cells after treatment with potential therapeutic strains is shown. FIG. 16H shows an example of the results of a LUC test on the IRF LUC activity of the metabolites of various target strains at various LPS concentrations. 【Figure 17】 A cartoon schematic of an exemplary strain selection method described herein is shown. 【Figure 18】 An exemplary cluster map of the carbohydrate utilization screening results related to the vagina of an exemplary bacterial strain described herein, showing the growth ratio between carbohydrates (listed on the y-axis) and glucose, is shown. 【Figure 19】 An exemplary cluster map of BV pathogen biofilm inhibition results, represented by the biofilm residual rate, is shown. 【Figure 20】 A cartoon schematic of an exemplary method for identifying a treatment consortium is shown. 【Figure 21】 An exemplary cluster map of NEC pathogen growth inhibition results, represented by the pathogen growth ratio (area under the growth curve of the treated culture / area under the curve of the medium control), is shown. 【Mode for Carrying Out the Invention】 【0098】 Microbiome Dysbiosis and Disease Microbiome dysbiosis, an imbalance of the microbiome / microbiota (the group or community of bacteria or microorganisms present within a subject), can cause or be associated with various diseases and disease / pathological conditions. In some cases, microbiome dysbiosis may not be able to cause a disease or disease state, but may affect the onset and / or progression of symptoms of a disease and disease / pathological condition. In some cases, restoring microbiome dysbiosis can treat / prevent a disease or disease state and improve / mitigate the onset and / or progression of symptoms of a disease or disease state. One way to restore microbiome dysbiosis may include the administration of microorganisms to a subject or patient. 【0099】 Microbiome dysbiosis-related diseases can include diseases that affect the genitalia, such as vaginal diseases. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a vaginal disease that affects approximately 21 million women in the United States each year. BV can increase the risk of acquisition of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), genital infections, miscarriage, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), vulvovaginitis, reduced fertilization success, preterm birth, premature delivery, morbidity and / or postpartum risks. Among patients treated with current standard of care (SOC), such as the use of antibiotics, approximately 30% may experience recurrence of BV (within about 3 months). There is currently no available treatment for recurrent BV. Symptomatic BV can result in itching, an unpleasant odor, and discharge. 【0100】 BV can occur during dysbiosis of the microbiota (microbiome). Bacterial diversity can be a major clinical score for the diagnosis of BV. A healthy microbiome is a community that includes a few dominant lactobacilli species that produce lactic acid. BV is characterized by the loss of beneficial lactobacilli species, an increase in pathobionts / pathogens (microorganisms that are not normally present in healthy subjects, or are present in amounts that exceed those in normal healthy or disease-free subjects), microbial diversity, and / or an increase in vaginal pH. As used herein, a pathogen includes a microorganism that (1) causes a disease or disease state, (2) is associated with a disease or disease state, and / or (3) contributes to the symptoms of a disease or disease state. In some instances, treating or preventing a disease or disease state, or alleviating the symptoms of a disease or disease state, can be achieved by inhibiting or eliminating a pathogen. In some cases, a pathogen can be an opportunistic pathogen that is not pathogenic in healthy subjects but can become pathogenic in immunocompromised patients and unhealthy subjects. In some cases, a pathogen can be a pathobiont. 【0101】 In some cases, the dominant Lactobacillus species within a healthy subject can protect the healthy vagina by preventing pathogen colonization / establishment and can reduce inflammation through resource (such as nutrient) utilization, metabolic shifts, direct microbe-host interactions at the epithelial barrier, and / or vaginal canal acidification. For example, the dominant Lactobacillus species in a healthy vagina can inhibit pathogen establishment by at least competitive exclusion of the pathogen, release of bacterial products such as lactic acid or reactive oxygen species, and / or proteinaceous or peptidic antimicrobial products. During the progression of BV, the dominant Lactobacillus species in a healthy vagina can first be depleted, leading to an increase in vaginal pH and / or loss of lactic acid and ROS (and other bacterial products produced by the dominant Lactobacillus species). The vagina can then be colonized by pathogens such as G. vaginalis and / or P. bivia, resulting in proteolysis, release of ammonia (through conversion from amino acids produced by degraded muscle), increased growth and biofilm formation of G. vaginalis, P. bivia and others, disruption of the vaginal epithelial barrier, and / or release of sialidase. Subsequently, the subject's immune system can release pro-inflammatory cytokines / chemokines, causing inflammation, further complex proteolysis, release of ammonia, growth and biofilm formation of various vaginal pathogens, disruption of the vaginal epithelial barrier, and / or release of sialidase, resulting in BV. As used herein, vaginal pathogens include microorganisms that (1) cause a vaginal disease or disorder, (2) are associated with a vaginal disease or disorder, and / or (3) contribute to the symptoms of a vaginal disease or disorder. In some examples, treating or preventing a vaginal disease or disorder, or alleviating the symptoms of a vaginal disease or disorder, can be achieved by inhibiting or eliminating vaginal pathogens. 【0102】 Other microbiome dysbiosis-related diseases can include gastrointestinal diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract, such as neonatal gastrointestinal diseases or disease states. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a neonatal gastrointestinal disease or disease state that affects approximately 100,000 neonates each year in the United States. NEC is one of the leading causes of illness and death in premature infants. Approximately 5-12% of premature infants (i.e., born before 37 weeks of gestation) are at risk of developing NEC. Approximately 40-50% of neonates with NEC die from this disease. 【0103】 NEC can be caused by intestinal inflammation in premature infants. NEC is a gastrointestinal disease or disease state characterized by inflammation, ischemia, and tissue necrosis. Neonates with NEC exhibit impairment of the integrity of the epithelial barrier with decreased mucus, decreased intracellular junction integrity (such as tight junctions), increased intestinal permeability, decreased peristaltic movement, and impairment of epithelial cell regeneration, decreased immunoglobulin A, and / or changes in the microbiota, leading to intestinal inflammation (inflammation of the wall with bubbles). In neonates with NEC, opportunistic pathogens can replace the healthy microbiota and colonize the intestine of premature infants. Furthermore, prematurity can have an adverse effect on the development of the intestinal microbiota. Multiple opportunistic pathogens in the hospital environment include Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. cloacae, Salmonella, and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), which can colonize the intestine of premature infants. Colonization by these bacteria can contribute to inflammation, infections, antibiotic resistance, and sepsis in premature infants without protective intestinal microbiota. These premature infant colonizing pathogens can also contain antibiotic resistance genes, rendering antibiotic treatment ineffective. Furthermore, NEC can be characterized by disruption of the integrity of the epithelial barrier in the gastrointestinal tract. 【0104】 NEC can be driven by the pathogenic microbiota. Opportunistic bacterial pathogens can colonize the intestines of premature infants. In these infants, there are no beneficial bacteria found in the intestines of full-term infants. Pathogens can drive the activation of immune responses (including innate immune responses regulated by, for example, TLR4), resulting in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and driving Th17 polarization. Uncontrolled intestinal inflammation can increase intestinal epithelial permeability, resulting in a cycle of inflammation, infection, and necrosis. 【0105】 Currently available therapeutic agents may lack efficiency, effectiveness, and / or applicability to a broad patient population. Currently available therapeutic agents may be ineffective because they are not sufficient to inhibit the growth of pathogens or biofilms, thereby preventing pathogen colonization. Currently available therapeutic agents may be inefficient because they do not promote the colonization of the vagina / infant gastrointestinal tract by healthy microbiota (as can be done to prevent the onset or progression of BV as described herein). For example, currently available therapeutic agents (such as when they contain microorganisms to promote the colonization of microorganisms in the vagina or gastrointestinal (GI) tract) may not adhere well enough to vaginal or intestinal epithelial cells. Currently available therapeutic agents may not be able to sufficiently enhance barrier integrity. Further, these currently available therapeutic agents may not sufficiently utilize carbohydrates associated with the vagina or infant gastrointestinal tract (e.g., as a nutrient source), insufficiently enabling their growth within these organs / tissues and not reducing pathogen colonization by pathogenic microorganisms. A nutrient source, as used herein, refers to a substance metabolized by bacteria or microorganisms. Further, currently available therapeutic agents may not be sufficient to reduce the inflammation contributing to the diseases described herein, and thereby may not be able to reduce or improve the symptoms associated with the diseases. Antibiotics may, in some cases, be effective in inhibiting or eliminating the pathogens of BV / NEC, but also inhibit and eliminate healthy microbiota, thereby preventing the colonization of the vagina / infant gastrointestinal tract by healthy microbiota and increasing the risk of pathogen colonization of tissues or loss of healthy microbiota. In some cases, the use of antibiotics can also increase the risk of recurrent BV because antibiotics can also inhibit the growth of all microorganisms, including those within the normal microbiota of normal subjects. In other cases, the use of antibiotics lacks effectiveness due to antimicrobial resistance acquired by some of the pathogens (such as NEC). Heterogeneity (e.g., genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and / or differences in the microbiome) can pose difficulties in the design of therapeutic agents that can treat or prevent BV (such as recurrent BV) or NEC.Currently available therapeutic agents also cannot prevent diseases for the same reasons described herein. 【0106】 Provided herein are compositions for treating a disease or disease state associated with microbial dysbiosis, and methods of using a composition for treating a disease or disease state. The composition can include a bacterium or bacteria. Also provided herein is a method for identifying a bacterium or bacteria. 【0107】 The compositions provided herein have higher efficacy, efficiency, and applicability to the target population compared to currently available therapeutic agents. In some cases, the compositions provided herein can sufficiently inhibit the growth by pathogens or biofilms, thereby preventing the colonization of pathogens. In some cases, the compositions provided herein can efficiently promote the colonization of the vagina / gastrointestinal tract of infants by healthy microbiota (which can prevent the onset or progression of BV as described herein). In some cases, the compositions provided herein can sufficiently increase the barrier integrity in subjects having a disease. For example, the compositions provided herein can sufficiently adhere to vaginal or intestinal epithelial cells. In some cases, the compositions provided herein can sufficiently utilize carbohydrates associated with the vagina or infant gastrointestinal tract (e.g., as a nutrient source), make them sufficient to grow in these organs, and reduce the colonization by pathogenic microorganisms. In some cases, the compositions provided herein are sufficient to reduce the inflammation contributing to the diseases described herein, thereby reducing or ameliorating the symptoms associated with the diseases. In some cases, the compositions provided herein may not inhibit the growth of the microbiota associated with a healthy vagina or infant gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing the risk that the subject suffers from the same disease (such as recurrent BV). In some cases, the compositions provided herein can be based on the selection of bacteria (described herein) that may be sufficient to reduce or prevent the diseases described herein in a wide population having heterogenicity. For the same reasons described herein, the onset of diseases can be prevented using the compositions provided herein. 【0108】 Composition The present specification provides a composition and / or a formulation. The composition and / or the formulation can be used for treating diseases or disease states associated with microbial dysbiosis, such as those described herein. The composition and / or the formulation can include a bacterial population. The composition and / or the formulation can further include pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, nutrients for the bacterial population, and other components for administration to a subject. Thus, the composition and / or the formulation described herein can also include a pharmaceutical composition and / or a formulation. 【0109】 Bacterial population The bacterial populations provided herein can include a bacterial strain or multiple bacterial strains. As used herein, the terms "strain" or "bacterial strain" refer to a group of bacterial cells, isolates, their progeny, or their derivatives that contain at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or more sequence identity in the genomic sequence. For example, two bacterial cells, isolates, their progeny, their derivatives, or any combination thereof can be of the same strain if they share at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or more sequence identity in the genomic sequence. In some cases, the strain as used herein can also refer to a group of bacterial cells, isolates, their progeny, or their derivatives that contain at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or more sequence identity in the 16S rRNA gene sequence. For example, two bacterial cells, isolates, their progeny, their derivatives, or any combination thereof can be of the same strain if they share at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or more sequence identity in their 16S rRNA or rDNA sequences. The bacterial populations can be used to treat the diseases or disease states described herein.The bacteria or bacterial strains of the bacterial population can include sufficient capabilities in functions related to the diseases or disease states described herein (i.e., the bacteria or bacterial strains can sufficiently perform functions related to a specific disease or disease state). For example, the functions related to the diseases or disease states can include any of the functions described in Examples 2-3, 5, 7-8, and 10-11. In some cases, the bacterial population can include multiple bacterial strains or at least two bacterial strains. In some cases, the multiple bacterial strains or at least two bacterial strains of the bacterial population can have a collective effect in functions related to the diseases or disease states described herein. In some cases, the multiple bacterial strains or at least two bacterial strains of the bacterial population can include at least one donor bacterial strain and at least one recipient bacterial strain. 【0110】 Microbial taxonomy The bacterial strains described in this specification can include bacterial strains of the phylum Firmicutes or the phylum Actinomycetota. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include bacterial strains of the phylum Firmicutes. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include bacterial strains of the phylum Actinomycetota. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include bacterial strains of the class Bacilli or the class Actinobacteria. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include bacterial strains of the class Bacilli. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include bacterial strains of the class Actinobacteria. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include bacterial strains of the order Lactobacillales or the order Bifidobacteriales. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include bacterial strains of the order Lactobacillales. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include bacterial strains of the order Bifidobacteriales. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include bacterial strains of the family Lactobacillaceae or the family Bifidobacteriaceae. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include bacterial strains of the family Lactobacillaceae. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include bacterial strains of the family Bifidobacteriaceae. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include bacterial strains of Lactobacillus sp. (or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae) or Bifidobacterium sp. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include bacterial strains of Lactobacillus sp. (or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae). The bacterial strains described in this specification can include bacterial strains of Bifidobacterium sp. In some cases, the bacterial strains described in this specification can be isolated from vertebrates (or the bacterial strains are associated with vertebrates). In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein can be isolated from human subjects. In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein can be isolated from healthy human subjects. The healthy human subject can be female. The healthy human subject can be male. The healthy human subject can be an infant.For example, the bacterial strain can be Bifidobacterium sp. related to vertebrates. A healthy human subject may not have the disease or disease state described herein. 【0111】 In some cases, the species of the family Lactobacillaceae include the species of the genus Lactobacillus proposed in 1901, which is described in Zheng, J., et.al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2020;70:2782-2858 and is hereby fully incorporated by reference. The genus Lactobacillus may include Gram-positive, fermentative, facultatively anaerobic, and / or non-spore-forming microorganisms. In some cases, the number of microorganisms that can be classified as the genus Lactobacillus may increase compared to those classified in 1901 using the broad definition of the 1901 classification. The genus Lactobacillus may include approximately 261 species including characteristic phenotypic, ecological, and / or genotypic characteristics. Within the genus Lactobacillus, the number of species and / or the level of diversity in the genus may exceed those of other bacterial genera and / or bacterial families. In this case, Lactobacillus can be reclassified. For example, using the average nucleotide identity (ANI), average amino acid identity (AAI), core gene average amino acid identity (cAAI), core genome phylogeny, signature genes, and metabolic and / or ecological criteria of the bacterial species of the genus Lactobacillus and its sister taxonomic groups of the families Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae, the genus Lactobacillus classified using the 1901 (1901 classification) definition is reclassified. 【0112】 In some cases, under the reclassification system, species of the family Lactobacillaceae can include approximately 26 different genera (Lactobacillus, Paralactobacillus, Pediococcus, Holzapfelia, Amylolactobacillus, Bombilactobacillus, Companilactobacillus, Lapidilactobacillus, Agrilactobacillus, Schleiferilactobacillus, Loigolactobacillus, Lactiplantibacillus, Latilactobacillus, Dellaglioa, Limosilactobacillus, Ligilactobacillus, Lactobacillus, Fructilactobacillus, Paucilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Fructilactobacillus, Acetilactobacillus, Apilactobacillus, Levilactobacillus, Secundilactobacillus, and Lentilactobacillus), and similarly, the family Leuconostocaceae is integrated into the family Lactobacillaceae. Comparisons of the reclassified Lactobacillus species can be found using the Lactotax database, which is available at the link: http: / / Lactobacillus.ualberta.ca / and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety into this specification.The classification of Lactobacillus described in this specification is also provided in Parks, DH et.al. Nat Biotechnol. 2018 Nov;36(10):996-1004; Salvetti, E, et.al. Appl Environ Microbio. 2018 Aug 17;84(17). Print 2018 Sep. 1 Erratum in: Appl Environ Microbio. 2018 Oct. 1;84(20); Markets and Markets: https: / / www.marketsandmarkets.com / Market-Reports / probiotic-market-advanced-technologies-and-global-market-69.html); Parker, CT, et.al. Int.J.Syst.Evol.Microbiol. 68:1825-1829; Duar, DM, et.al. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2017 Aug 1;41(Supp_1):S27-S48; or Pane and Vinot 2019: https: / / www.microbiometimes.com / the-Lactobacillus-taxonomy-change-is-coming-why-and-how-to-make-the-most-of-it / , each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety into this specification. 【0113】 Table 1 below shows the names of various Lactobacillus sp. under the 1901 classification and reclassification. [Table 1] TIFF2025523392000003.tif234154TIFF2025523392000004.tif51153The nomenclature used in this application can be determined interchangeably using the 1901 classification or reclassification described herein. As used herein, Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae refers to the bacterial genera of the family Lactobacillaceae associated with vertebrates, including Lactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Ligilactobacillus, and Lactobacillus casei. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae or at least one strain of Bifidobacterium sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Bifidobacterium sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae. 【0114】 The bacterial strains described in this specification may include Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus plantarum, or Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The bacterial strains described in this specification for treating or preventing vaginal diseases or complications associated with vaginal diseases may include bacterial strains of Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus jensenii. The bacterial strains described in this specification for treating or preventing vaginal diseases or complications associated with vaginal diseases may include a bacterial strain of Lactobacillus crispatus. The bacterial strains described in this specification for treating or preventing vaginal diseases or complications associated with vaginal diseases may include a bacterial strain of Lactobacillus gasseri. The bacterial strains described in this specification for treating or preventing vaginal diseases or complications associated with vaginal diseases may include a bacterial strain of Lactobacillus jensenii.The bacterial strains described herein for treating or preventing infant gastrointestinal diseases can include Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Lactobacillus plantarum, or Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The bacterial strains described herein for treating or preventing infant gastrointestinal diseases can include Bifidobacterium adolescentis. The bacterial strains described herein for treating or preventing infant gastrointestinal diseases can include Bifidobacterium bifidum. The bacterial strains described herein for treating or preventing infant gastrointestinal diseases can include Bifidobacterium breve. The bacterial strains described herein for treating or preventing infant gastrointestinal diseases can include Bifidobacterium longum. The bacterial strains described herein for treating or preventing infant gastrointestinal diseases can include Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum. The bacterial strains described herein for treating or preventing infant gastrointestinal diseases can include Lactobacillus plantarum. The bacterial strains described herein for treating or preventing infant gastrointestinal diseases can include Lactobacillus rhamnosus. 【0115】 The bacterial strains described in this specification are Lactobacillus crispatus ST100 (or "ST100"), Bifidobacterium bifidum ST31 (or "ST31"), Bifidobacterium bifidum ST80 (or "ST80"), Lactobacillus crispatus ST20 (or "ST20"), Lactobacillus crispatus ST112 (or "ST112"), Lactobacillus gasseri ST105 (or "ST105"), Lactobacillus jensenii ST21 (or "ST21"), Lactobacillus plantarum ST65 (or "ST65"), Bifidobacterium adolescentis ST101 (or "ST101"), Bifidobacterium breve ST56 (or "ST56"), Bifidobacterium longum ST19 (or "ST19"), Bifidobacterium longum ST81 (or "ST81"), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum ST37 (or "ST37"), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum ST66 (or "ST66"), Lactobacillus rhamnosus ST116 (or "ST116"), Bifidobacterium breve ST71 (or "ST71"), Bifidobacterium longum (BifidobacteriumIt may include Bifidobacterium longum) ST23 (or "ST23"), Bifidobacterium longum ST119 (or "ST119"). The bacterial strains described herein may include ST100. The bacterial strains described herein may include ST31. The bacterial strains described herein may include ST80. The bacterial strains described herein may include ST20. The bacterial strains described herein may include ST112. The bacterial strains described herein may include ST105. The bacterial strains described herein may include ST21. The bacterial strains described herein may include ST65. The bacterial strains described herein may include ST101. The bacterial strains described herein may include ST56. The bacterial strains described herein may include ST19. The bacterial strains described herein may include ST81. The bacterial strains described herein may include ST37. The bacterial strains described herein may include ST66. The bacterial strains described herein may include ST116. The bacterial strains described herein may include ST71. The bacterial strains described herein may include ST23. The bacterial strains described herein may include ST119. 【0116】 The bacterial strains of Lactobacillus crispatus described in this specification may include ST100, ST112 or ST20. The bacterial strains of Lactobacillus crispatus described in this specification may include ST100. The bacterial strains of Lactobacillus crispatus described in this specification may include ST20. The bacterial strains of Lactobacillus crispatus described in this specification may include ST112. The bacterial strains of Lactobacillus gasseri described in this specification may include ST105. The bacterial strains of Lactobacillus jensenii described in this specification may include ST21. The bacterial strains of Lactobacillus plantarum described in this specification may include ST65. The bacterial strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus described in this specification may include ST116. The bacterial strains of Bifidobacterium adolescentis described in this specification may include ST101. The bacterial strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum described in this specification may include ST31 or ST80. The bacterial strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum described in this specification may include ST31. The bacterial strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum described in this specification may include ST80. The bacterial strains of Bifidobacterium breve described in this specification may include ST56 or ST71. The bacterial strains of Bifidobacterium breve described in this specification may include ST56. The bacterial strains of Bifidobacterium breve described in this specification may include ST71.The bacterial strains of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum described in this specification may include ST37 or ST66. The bacterial strains of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum described in this specification may include ST37. The bacterial strains of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum described in this specification may include ST66. The bacterial strains of Bifidobacterium longum described in this specification may include ST19, ST81, ST23 or ST119. The bacterial strains of Bifidobacterium longum described in this specification may include ST19. The bacterial strains of Bifidobacterium longum described in this specification may include ST81. The bacterial strains of Bifidobacterium longum described in this specification may include ST23. The bacterial strains of Bifidobacterium longum described in this specification may include ST119. 【0117】 In some examples, the bacterial population may include one or more Bifidobacterium sp. One or more Bifidobacterium sp. are Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium aerophilum, Bifidobacterium angulatum, Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium asteroids, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium boum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium choerinum, Bifidobacterium coryneforme, Bifidobacterium cuniculi, Bifidobacterium dentium, Bifidobacterium faecale, Bifidobacterium gallicum, Bifidobacterium globosum, Bifidobacterium indicum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium magnum, Bifidobacterium minimum, Bifidobacteriumminimum), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Bifidobacterium pullorum, Bifidobacterium stercoris, Bifidobacterium subtile, Bifidobacterium suis or Bifidobacterium thermophilum, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the bacterial population may comprise one or more Lactobacillus sp. One or more Lactobacillus sp. includes Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactocaseibacillus rhamnosus, Lactocaseibacillus zeae, Ligilactobacillus acidipiscis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Ligilactobacillus agilis, Lactobacillus aviarius, Levilactobacillus brevis, Limosilactobacillus coleohominis, Lactobacillus crispatus, Companilactobacillus crustorum, Latilactobacillus curvatus, Lentilactobacillus diolivoransdiolivorans), Lentilactobacillus farraginis, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Latilactobacillus fuchuensis, Schleiferilactobacillus harbinensis, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lentilactobacillus hilgardii, Lactobacillus intestinalis, Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens, Lentilactobacillus kefiri, Fructilactobacillus lindneri, Liquorilactobacillus mali, Lactocaseibacillus manihotivorans, Limosilactobacillus mucosae, Liquorilactobacillus oeni, Paucilactobacillus oligofermentans, Limosilactobacillus panis, Lactocaseibacillus pantheris, Levilactobacillus parabrevis, Secundilactobacillus paracollinoidesparacollinoides), Lentilactobacillus parakefiri, Lactoplantibacillus paraplantarum, Lactoplantibacillus pentosus, Limosiactobacillus pontis, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Furfurilactobacillus rossiae, Ligilactobacillus salivarius, Furfurilactobacillus siliginis, Liquorilactobacillus sucicola, Paucilactobacillus vaccinostercus, Limosilactobacillus vaginalis, Liquorilactobacillus vini, Laclococcus garvieae, or Lactococcus lactis, or combinations thereof may be included. 【0118】 In some embodiments, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Akkermansia sp., at least one strain of Blautia sp., at least one strain of Clostridium sp., at least one strain of Coprococcus sp., at least one strain of Dorea sp., at least one strain of Faecalibacterium sp., at least one strain of Roseburia sp., at least one strain of Lachnoclostridium sp., at least one strain of Anaerbutyricum sp., at least one strain of Anaerostipes sp., at least one strain of Anaerotignum sp., at least one strain of Bacillus sp., at least one strain of Bacteroides sp., at least one strain of Clostridium sp., at least one strain of Collinsella sp., at least one strain of Enterococcus sp., at least one strain of Erysipelatoclostridium sp., at least one strain of Escherichia sp., at least one strain of Eubacterium sp., at least one strain of Faecalicatena sp., at least one strain of Holdemanella sp., at least one strain of Lactonifactor sp., at least one strain of Longibaculum sp., at least one strain of Paraprevotella sp., at least one strain of Parabacteroides sp., at least one strain of Pediococcus sp., or at least one strain of Veillonella sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Akkermansia sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Blautia sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Clostridium sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Coprococcus sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Dorea sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Faecalibacterium sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Roseburia sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Lachnoclostridium sp.In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Anaerbutyricum sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Anaerostipes sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Anaerotignum sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Bacillus sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Bacteroides sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Clostridium sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Collinsella sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Enterococcus sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Erysipelatoclostridium sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Escherichia sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Eubacterium sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Faecalicatena sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Holdemanella sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Ruminococcus sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Longibaculum sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Paraprevotella sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Parabacteroides sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Pediococcus sp. In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least one strain of Veillonella sp. 【0119】 In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least two strains of Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae and / or at least two strains of Bifidobacterium sp., at least two strains of Akkermansia sp., and / or at least two strains of Blautia sp., and / or at least two strains of Clostridium sp., and / or at least two strains of Coprococcus sp., and / or at least two strains of Dorea sp., and / or at least two strains of Faecalibacterium sp., and / or at least two strains of Roseburia sp., and / or at least two strains of Lachnospira sp., and / or at least two strains of Anaerostipes sp., and / or at least two strains of Anaerotignum sp., and / or at least two strains of Bacillus sp., and / or at least two strains of Bacteroides sp., and / or at least two strains of Clostridium sp., and / or at least two strains of Collinsella sp., and / or at least two strains of Enterococcus sp., and / or at least two strains of Erysipelatoclostridium sp., and / or at least two strains of Escherichia sp., and / or at least two strains of Eubacterium sp., and / or at least two strains of Faecalicatena sp., and / or at least two strains of Holdemanella sp., and / or at least two strains of Lachnospira sp., and / or at least two strains of Longibaculum sp., and / or at least two strains of Paraprevotella sp., and / or at least two strains of Parabacteroides sp., and / or at least two strains of Pediococcus sp., and / or at least two strains of Veillonella sp.In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least three strains of Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae and / or at least three strains of Bifidobacterium sp., at least three strains of Akkermansia sp., and / or at least three strains of Blautia sp., and / or at least three strains of Clostridium sp., and / or at least three strains of Coprococcus sp., and / or at least three strains of Dorea sp., and / or at least three strains of Faecalibacterium sp., and / or at least three strains of Roseburia sp., and / or at least three strains of Lachnospiraceae sp., and / or at least three strains of Anaerotignum sp., and / or at least three strains of Bacillus sp., and / or at least three strains of Bacteroides sp., and / or at least three strains of Clostridium sp., and / or at least three strains of Collinsella sp., and / or at least three strains of Enterococcus sp., and / or at least three strains of Erysipelatoclostridium sp., and / or at least three strains of Escherichia sp., and / or at least three strains of Eubacterium sp., and / or at least three strains of Faecalicatena sp., and / or at least three strains of Holdemanella sp., and / or at least three strains of Lachnospira sp., and / or at least three strains of Longibaculum sp., and / or at least three strains of Paraprevotella sp., and / or at least three strains of Parabacteroides sp., and / or at least three strains of Pediococcus sp., and / or at least three strains of Veillonella sp.In some examples, the bacterial population can include at least more than three strains of Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae and / or at least more than three strains of Bifidobacterium sp., at least more than three strains of Akkermansia sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Blautia sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Clostridium sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Coprococcus sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Dorea sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Faecalibacterium sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Roseburia sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Lachnococcus sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Anaerbutyricum sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Anaerostipes sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Anaerotignum sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Bacillus sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Bacteroides sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Clostridium sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Collinsella sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Enterococcus sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Erysipelatoclostridium sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Escherichia sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Eubacterium sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Faecalicatena sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Holdemanella sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Lachnospira sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Longibaculum sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Paraprevotella sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Parabacteroides sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Pediococcus sp., and / or at least more than three strains of Veillonella sp. 【0120】 In some examples, the pharmaceutical composition can include a bacterial population. Such a bacterial population can include one or more different bacterial species and / or strains. Such bacterial species and / or strains can belong to one or more different bacterial phyla. 【0121】 In some examples, the bacterial population can include one or more Akkermansia sp. The one or more Akkermansia sp. can include Akkermansia glycaniphila, or Akkermansia muciniphila, or a combination thereof. 【0122】 In some examples, the bacterial population can include one or more Blautia sp. The one or more Blautia sp. can include Blautia ammoniilytica, Blautia argi, Blautia caecimuris, Blautia coccoides, Blautia faecicola, Blautia faecis, Blautia glucerasea, Blautia hansenii, Blautia honinis, Blautia hydrogenotrophica, Blautia intestinalis, Blautia liquoris, Blautia luti, Blautia obeum, Blautia producta, Blautia schinkii, Blautia stercoris, or Blautia wexlerae, or a combination thereof. 【0123】 In some examples, the bacterial population can include one or more Coprococcus sp. The one or more Coprococcus sp. can include Coprococcus ammoniilyticus, Coprococcus catus, Coprococcus comes, or Coprococcus eutactus, or a combination thereof. 【0124】 In some examples, the bacterial population may include one or more Dorea sp. The one or more Dorea sp. may include Dorea acetigenes, Dorea ammoniilytica, Dorea formicigenerans, or Dorea longicatena, or combinations thereof. 【0125】 In some examples, the bacterial population may include one or more Faecalibacterium sp. The one or more Faecalibacterium sp. may include Faecalibacterium butyricigenerans, Faecalibacterium duncaniae, Faecalibacterium gallinarum, Faecalibacterium hattorii, Faecalibacterium longum, or Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, or combinations thereof. 【0126】 In some examples, the bacterial population may include one or more Roseburia sp. The one or more Roseburia sp. may include Roseburia cecicola, Roseburia faecis, Roseburia hominis, Roseburia intestinalis, or Roseburia inulinivorans, or combinations thereof. 【0127】 In some cases, the bacterial population may include one or more Ruminococcus sp. One or more Ruminococcus sp. may include Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus bovis, Ruminococcus bromii, Ruminococcus callidus, Ruminococcus champanellensis, Ruminococcus faecis, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus gauvreauii, Ruminococcus gnavus, Ruminococcus hansenii, Ruminococcus hydrogenotrophicus, Ruminococcus lactaris, Ruminococcus luti, Ruminococcus obeum, Ruminococcus palustris, Ruminococcus pasteurii, Ruminococcus productus, Ruminococcus schinkii, or Ruminococcus torques, or combinations thereof. 【0128】 In some examples, the bacterial population may include one or more Anaerbutyricum sp. One or more Anaerbutyricum sp. may include Anaerbutyricum hallii, Anaerbutyricum soehngenii, or combinations thereof. 【0129】 In some examples, the bacterial population can include one or more Anaerostipes sp. The one or more Anaerostipes sp. can include Anaerostipes amylophilus, Anaerostipes butyraticus, Anaerostipes caccae, Anaerostipes faecalis, Anaerostipes hadrus, Anaerostipes hominis, or Anaerostipes rhamnosivorans, or combinations thereof. 【0130】 In some examples, the bacterial population can include one or more Anaerotignum sp. The one or more Anaerotignum sp. can include Anaerotignum aminivorans, Anaerotignum faecicola, Anaerotignum lactatifermentans, Anaerotignum neopropionicum, or Anaerotignum propionicum, or combinations thereof. 【0131】 In some examples, the bacterial population may include one or more Bacteroides species. One or more Bacteroides genera include Bacteroides acidifaciens, Bacteroides caccae, Bacteroides caecicola, Bacteroides caecigallinarum, Bacteroides caecimuris, Bacteroides cellulolyticus, Bacteroides cellulosilyticus, Bacteroides clarus, Bacteroides corporis, Bacteroides eggerthii, Bacteroides facilis, Bacteroides faecalis, Bacteroides faecichinchillae, Bacteroides faecis, Bacteroides finegoldii, Bacteroides fluxus, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides galacturonicus, Bacteroides gallinaceum, Bacteroides gallinarum, Bacteroides graminisolvens, Bacteroides helcogenes, Bacteroides hominis, Bacteroides intestinalis, Bacteroides koreensis, Bacteroides kribbi, Bacteroides luhongzhouii, Bacteroides luti, Bacteroides nordii, Bacteroides oleiciplenus, Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides parvus, Bacteroides pectinophilus, Bacteroides polypragmatus, Bacteroides propionicifaciens, BacteroidesIt may include Proionicigenes, Bacteroides pyogenes, Bacteroides reticulotermitis, Bacteroides rodentium, Bacteroides salyersiae, Bacteroides stercorirosoris, Bacteroides stercoris, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, or Bacteroides zhangwengongii, or a combination thereof. 【0132】 In some examples, the bacterial population may include one or more Clostridium sp. One or more Clostridium sp. may include Clostridium aerotolerans, Clostridium aminophilum, Clostridium coccoides, Clostridium nexile, Clostridium polysaccharolyticum, Clostridium symbiosum, Clostridium sphenoides, Clostridium xylanolyticum, Clostridium leptum, Clostridium cellulosi, Clostridium sordelli, or Clostridium scindens, or a combination thereof. 【0133】 In some examples, the bacterial population may include one or more Collinsella sp. The one or more Collinsella sp. may include Collinsella aerofaciens, Collinsella intestinalis, Collinsella massiliensis, Collinsella stercoris, Collinsella tanakaei, or Collinsella vaginalis, or combinations thereof. 【0134】 In some examples, the bacterial population may include one or more Enterococcus sp. One or more Enterococcus sp. are Enterococcus alcedinis, Enterococcus alishanensis, Enterococcus aquimarinus, Enterococcus asini, Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus bulliens, Enterococcus caccae, Enterococcus camelliae, Enterococcus canintestini, Enterococcus canis, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus cecorum, Enterococcus columbae, Enterococcus crotali, Enterococcus devriesei, Enterococcus diestrammenae, Enterococcus dispar, Enterococcus dongliensis, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus eurekensis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faeciu, Enterococcus florum, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus gilvus, Enterococcus haemoperoxidus, Enterococcus hermanniensis, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus hulanensis, Enterococcus innesii, Enterococcus italicus, Enterococcus lactis, Enterococcus larvae, Enterococcus lemanii, Enterococcus malodoratus, Enterococcus moraviensis, Enterococcus mundtii, EnterococcusIt may include nangangensis, Enterococcus olivae, Enterococcus pallens, Enterococcus phoeniculicola, Enterococcus pingfangensis, Enterococcus plantarum, Enterococcus pseudoavium, Enterococcus quebecensis, Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus ratti, Enterococcus rivorum, Enterococcus rotai, Enterococcus saccharolyticus, Enterococcus saigonensis, Enterococcus silesiacus, Enterococcus songbeiensis, Enterococcus sulfureus, Enterococcus termitis, Enterococcus thilandicus, Enterococcus ureasiticus, Enterococcus ureilyticus, Enterococcus viikkiensis, Enterococcus villorum, Enterococcus wangshanyuanii, or Enterococcus xiangfangensis, or a combination thereof. 【0135】 In some examples, the bacterial population may include one or more Escherichia sp. One or more Escherichia sp. may include Escherichia albertii, Escherichia coli, Escherichia fergusonii, Escherichia hermanni, Escherichia marmotae or Escherichia ruysiae, or a combination thereof. 【0136】 In some examples, the bacterial population can include one or more Eubacterium sp. The one or more Eubacterium sp. can include Eubacterium aggregans, Eubacterium barkeri, Eubacterium brachy, Eubacterium callanderi, Eubacterium cellulosolvens, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes, Eubacterium hominis, Eubacterium infirmum, Eubacterium limosum, Eubacterium maltosivorans, Eubacterium minutum, Eubacterium multiforme, Eubacterium nodatum, Eubacterium oxidoreducens, Eubacterium plexicaudatum, Eubacterium pyruvativorans, Eubacterium ramulus, Eubacterium ruminantium, Eubacterium saphenum, Eubacterium siraeum, Eubacterium tenue, Eubacterium tortuosum, Eubacterium uniforme, Eubacterium ventriosum, Eubacterium xylanophilum or Eubacterium yurii, or a combination thereof. 【0137】 In some examples, the bacterial population can include one or more Faecalicatena sp. The one or more Faecalicatena sp. can include Faecalicatena absiana, Faecalicatena acetigenes, Faecalicatena contorta, Faecalicatena fissicatena, or Faecalicatena orotica, or a combination thereof. 【0138】 In some examples, the bacterial population may include one or more Holdemanella sp. The one or more Holdemanella sp. may include Holdemanella biformi or Holdemanella proci, or a combination thereof. 【0139】 In some examples, the bacterial population may include one or more Lachnospira sp. The one or more Lachnospira sp. may include Lachnospira eligens, Lachnospira multipara or Lachnospira pectinoschiza, or a combination thereof. 【0140】 In some examples, the bacterial population may include one or more Longibaculum sp. The one or more Longibaculum sp may include Longibaculum muris. 【0141】 In some examples, the bacterial population may include one or more Paraprevotella sp. The one or more Paraprevotella sp. may include Paraprevotella clara or Paraprevotella xylaniphila, or a combination thereof. 【0142】 In some examples, the bacterial population may include one or more Parabacteroides sp. The one or more Parabacteroides sp. may include Parabacteroides acidifaciens, Parabacteroides chartae, Parabacteroides chinchilla, Parabacteroides chongii, Parabacteroides distasonis, Parabacteroides faecis, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Parabacteroides gordonii, Parabacteroides hominis, Parabacteroides johnsonii, or Parabacteroides merdae, or combinations thereof. 【0143】 In some examples, the bacterial population may include one or more Pediococcus sp. The one or more Pediococcus sp. may include Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus argentinicus, Pediococcus cellicola, Pediococcus claussenii, Pediococcus damnosus, Pediococcus ethanolidurans, Pediococcus inopinatus, Pediococcus parvulus, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Pediococcus siamensis or Pediococcus stilesii, or combinations thereof. 【0144】 In some examples, the bacterial population can include one or more Veillonella sp. The one or more Veillonella sp. can include Veillonella atypica, Veillonella caviae, Veillonella cricetid, Veillonella denticariosi, Veillonella dispar, Veillonella hominis, Veillonella infantium, Veillonella magna, Veillonella montpellierensis, Veillonella nakazawae, Veillonella parvula, Veillonella ratti, Veillonella rodentium, Veillonella rogosae, Veillonella seminalis, or Veillonella tobetseunsis, or combinations thereof. 【0145】 In some examples, the bacterial strains described herein can be derived from a subject's organ or tissue thereof. As used herein, when referring to a microorganism that is "derived from" a subject, the subject or its organ / tissue is equivalent to the resulting microorganism being derived from the microbiota of the subject's organ / tissue. 【0146】 In some examples, the bacterial strains described herein may be derived from the vagina. In some examples, the bacterial strains described herein may be derived from the mammalian vagina. In some examples, the bacterial strains described herein may be derived from the human vagina. In some examples, the bacterial strains described herein may be derived from humans without a disease or disease state. In some examples, the bacterial strains described herein may be derived from humans without a vaginal disease or disease state, complications thereof, or the risk thereof. In some examples, the bacterial strains described herein may be derived from humans without BV or the risk thereof. In some examples, the bacterial strains described herein may be derived from the gastrointestinal tract. In some examples, the bacterial strains described herein may be derived from the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. In some examples, the bacterial strains described herein may be derived from the human gastrointestinal tract. In some examples, the bacterial strains described herein may be derived from the human infant gastrointestinal tract. In some examples, the bacterial strains described herein may be derived from the human infant gastrointestinal tract, where the infant is a premature infant. In some examples, the bacterial strains described herein may be derived from humans without a gastrointestinal disease or disease state or the risk thereof. In some examples, the bacterial strains described herein may be derived from humans without an infant gastrointestinal disease or disease state or the risk thereof. In some examples, the bacterial strains described herein may be derived from infants without NEC or the risk thereof. In some examples, the bacterial strains described herein may be derived from humans without a disease or disease state or the risk thereof. In some examples, the bacterial strains described herein may be derived from healthy humans. In some cases, when inducing the bacterial strains described herein, the bacterial strains may be derived from the microbiota of the subject, organ, or tissue described herein. In some examples, the bacterial population may comprise purified bacterial strains. In some cases, in some examples, the bacterial strains described herein may not include recombinant genetic modification. In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein may not be genetically engineered. 【0147】 Sequence The bacterial strains described in this specification may contain sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-30. The bacterial strains described in this specification may contain sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-30. The bacterial strains described in this specification may contain sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-30. The bacterial strains described in this specification may contain sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-30. The bacterial strains described in this specification can contain sequences having 100% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-30. 【0148】 The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 1. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 1. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1. 【0149】 The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 2. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 2. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 2. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 2. The bacterial strains described herein can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 2. 【0150】 The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 3. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 3. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 3. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 3. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 3. 【0151】 The bacterial strains described herein may comprise sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 4. The bacterial strains described herein may comprise sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 4. The bacterial strains described herein may comprise sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 4. The bacterial strains described herein may comprise sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 4. The bacterial strains described herein can comprise sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 4. 【0152】 The bacterial strains described herein may comprise sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 5. The bacterial strains described herein may comprise sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 5. The bacterial strains described herein may comprise sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 5. The bacterial strains described herein may comprise sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 5. The bacterial strains described herein can comprise sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 5. 【0153】 The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 6. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 6. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 6. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 6. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 6. 【0154】 The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 7. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 7. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 7. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 7. The bacterial strains described herein can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 7. 【0155】 The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 8. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 8. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 8. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 8. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 8. 【0156】 The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 9. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 9. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 9. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 9. The bacterial strains described herein can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 9. 【0157】 The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 10. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 10. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 10. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 10. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 10. 【0158】 The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 11. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 11. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 11. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 11. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 11. 【0159】 The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 12. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 12. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 12. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 12. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 12. 【0160】 The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 13. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 13. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared with SEQ ID NO: 13. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared with SEQ ID NO: 13. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 13. 【0161】 The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 14. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 14. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 14. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 14. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 14. 【0162】 The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 15. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 15. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 15. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 15. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 15. 【0163】 The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 16. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 16. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 16. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 16. The bacterial strains described herein can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 16. 【0164】 The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 17. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 17. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 17. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 17. The bacterial strains described herein can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 17. 【0165】 The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 18. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 18. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 18. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 18. The bacterial strains described herein can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 18. 【0166】 The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 20. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 20. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 20. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 20. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 20. 【0167】 The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 21. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 21. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 21. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 21. The bacterial strains described herein can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 21. 【0168】 The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 22. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 22. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 22. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 22. The bacterial strains described herein can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 22. 【0169】 The bacterial strains described herein may contain sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 23. The bacterial strains described herein may contain sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 23. The bacterial strains described herein may contain sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 23. The bacterial strains described herein may contain sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 23. The bacterial strains described herein can contain sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 23. 【0170】 The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 24. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 24. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 24. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 24. The bacterial strains described herein can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 24. 【0171】 The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 25. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 25. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 25. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 25. The bacterial strains described herein can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 25. 【0172】 The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 26. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 26. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 26. The bacterial strains described in this specification may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 26. The bacterial strains described in this specification can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 26. 【0173】 The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 27. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 27. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 27. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 27. The bacterial strains described herein can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 27. 【0174】 The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 28. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 28. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 28. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 28. The bacterial strains described herein can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 28. 【0175】 The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 29. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 29. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 29. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 29. The bacterial strains described herein can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 29. 【0176】 The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, at least about 99.9%, at least about 99.99%, at least about 99.999%, at least about 99.9999%, at least about 99.99999% or more sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 30. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 80%, at most about 85%, at most about 90%, at most about 91%, at most about 92%, at most about 93%, at most about 94%, at most about 95%, at most about 96%, at most about 97%, at most about 98%, at most about 99%, at most about 99.9%, at most about 99.99%, at most about 99.999%, at most about 99.9999%, at most about 99.99999% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 30. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at least about 1, at least about 2, at least about 3, at least about 4, at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 100, at least about 1000, at least about 10000, at least about 100000, at least about 1000000 or more nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 30. The bacterial strains described herein may include sequences having at most about 1 nucleotide, at most about 2, at most about 3, at most about 4, at most about 5, at most about 10, at most about 100, at most about 1000, at most about 10000, at most about 100000, at most about 1000000 nucleotide differences compared to SEQ ID NO: 30. The bacterial strains described herein can include sequences having 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 30. 【0177】 Lactobacillus crispatus may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 4 and 12 to 15. Lactobacillus crispatus may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 2. Lactobacillus crispatus may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 2. Lactobacillus crispatus may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NOs: 3 to 4. Lactobacillus crispatus may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 3 to 4. Lactobacillus crispatus may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NOs: 12 to 15. Lactobacillus crispatus may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 12 to 15. Lactobacillus gasseri may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NOs: 5 to 6. Lactobacillus gasseri may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 5 to 6. Lactobacillus jensenii may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 7. Bifidobacterium bifidum may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NOs: 8 to 9.Bifidobacterium bifidum may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 8. Bifidobacterium bifidum may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 9. Lactobacillus plantarum may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NOs: 10 to 11. Lactobacillus plantarum may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 10 to 11. Bifidobacterium adolescentis may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 16. Bifidobacterium breve may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NOs: 17 and 30. Bifidobacterium breve may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 17. Bifidobacterium breve may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 30. Bifidobacterium longum may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NOs: 18 to 26. Bifidobacterium longum may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NOs: 18 to 19. Bifidobacterium longum may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 18 to 19.Bifidobacterium longum may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 20. Bifidobacterium longum may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21 to 24. Bifidobacterium longum may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 21 to 24. Bifidobacterium longum may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NOs: 25 to 26. Bifidobacterium longum may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with a combination of SEQ ID NOs: 25 to 26. Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NOs: 27 to 28. Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 27. Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 28. Lactobacillus rhamnosus may have a genome having a sequence with about 95% to 100% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 29. 【0178】 Bifidobacterium bifidum ST31 (or "ST31") may have a genomic sequence with about 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 8. Bifidobacterium bifidum ST80 (or "ST80") may have a genomic sequence with about 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 9. Lactobacillus crispatus ST100 (or "ST100") may have a genomic sequence with about 100% sequence identity to the combination of SEQ ID NOs: 12 - 15. Lactobacillus crispatus ST20 (or "ST20") may have a genomic sequence with about 100% sequence identity to the combination of SEQ ID NOs: 1 - 2. Lactobacillus crispatus ST112 (or "ST112") may have a genomic sequence with about 100% sequence identity to the combination of SEQ ID NOs: 3 - 4. Lactobacillus gasseri ST105 (or "ST105") may have a genomic sequence with about 100% sequence identity to the combination of SEQ ID NOs: 5 - 6. Lactobacillus jensenii ST21 (or "ST21") may have a genomic sequence with about 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 7. Lactobacillus plantarum ST65 (or "ST65") may have a genomic sequence with about 100% sequence identity to the combination of SEQ ID NOs: 10 - 11. Bifidobacterium adolescentis ST101 (or "ST101") may have a genomic sequence with about 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 16. Bifidobacterium breve ST56 (or "ST56") may have a genomic sequence with about 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 17.Bifidobacterium longum ST19 (or "ST19") may have a genomic sequence with approximately 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NOs: 18 - 19. Bifidobacterium longum ST81 (or "ST81") may have a genomic sequence with approximately 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NOs: 21 - 24. Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum ST37 (or "ST37") may have a genomic sequence with approximately 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 27. Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum ST66 (or "ST66") may have a genomic sequence with approximately 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 28. Lactobacillus rhamnosus ST116 (or "ST116") may have a genomic sequence with approximately 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 29. Bifidobacterium longum ST23 (or "ST23") may have a genomic sequence with approximately 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 20. Bifidobacterium longum ST119 (or "ST119") may have a genomic sequence with approximately 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NOs: 25 - 26. Bifidobacterium breve ST71 (or "ST71") may have a genomic sequence with approximately 100% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 30. 【0179】 Sufficient ability In some cases, a bacterial strain (or its culture medium, or bacterial products contained within its culture medium) can have sufficient ability in disease-related functions. Disease-related functions can include functions of a bacterial strain or bacterial population related to the diseases or disease states described herein. Disease-related functions can be related to complications associated with a disease or disease state. Disease-related functions can include alterations of a subject's cellular processes, or alterations of pathogens associated with a disease or disease state. Disease-related functions can include alterations of the cellular processes of the bacterial strains or bacterial populations described herein. As used herein, sufficient ability, when referring to a bacterial strain (or its culture medium, or bacterial products contained within its culture medium), refers to the ability of the bacterial strain (or its culture medium, or bacterial products contained within its culture medium) to alter a disease-related function. The sufficient ability of a bacterial strain (or bacterial population) can be mediated by bacterial products produced by the bacterial strain. Bacterial products can be present in the medium used to culture the bacterial strain. The sufficient ability of a bacterial strain (or bacterial population) can be mediated by the metabolic ability of the bacterial strains described herein. Metabolic ability can convert substances of a nutrient source into different substances. 【0180】 Vaginal disease-related functions can include any BV-specific MOA and functionality described in this disclosure. In some cases, vaginal disease-related functions can include adhesion to vaginal epithelial cells (VECs), inhibition of growth of vaginal pathogens, inhibition of biofilm formation of vaginal pathogens, utilization of carbohydrates associated with the vagina, growth at vaginal pH, or combinations thereof. Vaginal disease-related functions can include adhesion to VECs. Vaginal disease-related functions can include inhibition of growth of vaginal pathogens. Vaginal disease-related functions can include inhibition of biofilm formation of vaginal pathogens. Vaginal disease-related functions can include utilization of carbohydrates associated with the vagina. In some cases, vaginal disease-related functions can include growth at the pH of the vagina. In some cases, vaginal disease-related functions can include adhesion to VECs, inhibition of growth of vaginal pathogens, inhibition of biofilm formation of vaginal pathogens, growth at the pH of the vagina, and utilization of carbohydrates associated with the vagina. 【0181】 In some cases, the bacterial strain may have sufficient ability in functions related to infant gastrointestinal diseases. The functions related to infant gastrointestinal diseases may include any NEC-specific MOA and functionality described in the present disclosure. In some cases, the functions related to infant gastrointestinal diseases may include adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), integrity of the barrier including IECs, inhibition of infant gastrointestinal pathogens, utilization of infant-related carbohydrates, inhibition of immune response signaling pathways, or combinations thereof. As used herein, infant gastrointestinal pathogens include microorganisms that (1) cause infant gastrointestinal diseases, (2) are related to the gastrointestinal tract of infants, and / or (3) contribute to the symptoms of infant gastrointestinal diseases. In some cases, treating or preventing infant gastrointestinal diseases or alleviating the symptoms of infant gastrointestinal diseases can be achieved by inhibiting or eliminating infant gastrointestinal pathogens. In some cases, the functions related to infant gastrointestinal diseases may include adhesion to IECs. In some cases, the functions related to infant gastrointestinal diseases may include integrity of the barrier including IECs. In some cases, the functions related to infant gastrointestinal diseases may include inhibition of infant gastrointestinal pathogens. In some cases, the functions related to infant gastrointestinal diseases may include utilization of infant-related carbohydrates. In some cases, the functions related to infant gastrointestinal diseases may include inhibition of immune response signaling pathways. In some examples, the bacterial strain may have sufficient ability in NEC-related functions. In some cases, the functions related to infant gastrointestinal diseases may include adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), integrity of the barrier including IECs, inhibition of infant gastrointestinal pathogens, utilization of infant-related carbohydrates, and inhibition of immune response signaling pathways. 【0182】 1. BV-related functions The bacterial strain described in this specification (or its culture medium, or the bacterial products contained therein) may have sufficient ability in adhering to VEC. In some cases, the bacterial strain adheres to VEC at least about 1x10^1 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 2x10^1 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 5x10^1 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 1x10^2 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 2x10^2 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 5x10^2 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 1x10^3 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 2x10^3 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 5x10^3 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 1x10^4 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 2x10^4 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 5x10^4 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 1x10^5 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 2x10^5 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 5x10^5 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 1x10^6 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 2x10^6 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 5x10^6 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 1x10^7 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 2x10^7 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 5x10^7 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 1x10^8 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 2x10^8 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 5x10^8 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 1x10^9 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 2x10^9 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 5x10^9 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 1x10^10 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 2x10^10 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 5x10^10 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 1x10^11 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, 9.5 cm^2 of VEC...At least about 2 x 10^11 CFU per 5 cm^2, at least about 5 x 10^11 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 1 x 10^12 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 2 x 10^12 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, at least about 5 x 10^12 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, or more. In some cases, the bacterial strain (or its culture medium, or bacterial products contained within its culture medium) adheres to VEC at a maximum of about 1 x 10^1 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 2 x 10^1 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 5 x 10^1 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 1 x 10^2 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 2 x 10^2 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 5 x 10^2 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 1 x 10^3 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 2 x 10^3 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 5 x 10^3 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 1 x 10^4 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 2 x 10^4 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 5 x 10^4 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 1 x 10^5 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 2 x 10^5 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 5 x 10^5 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 1 x 10^6 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 2 x 10^6 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 5 x 10^6 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 1 x 10^7 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 2 x 10^7 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 5 x 10^7 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 1 x 10^8 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 2 x 10^8 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 5 x 10^8 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 1 x 10^9 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 2 x 10^9 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 5 x 10^9 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 1 x 10^10 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, a maximum of about 2 x 10^10 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, 9.5 cm^2 of VEC...Up to approximately 5 x 10^10 CFU per 5 cm^2, up to approximately 1 x 10^11 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, up to approximately 2 x 10^11 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, up to approximately 5 x 10^11 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, up to approximately 1 x 10^12 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, up to approximately 2 x 10^12 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC, or up to approximately 5 x 10^12 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of VEC. In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein may have adhesion to VEC that is at least about 0.001%, at least about 0.001%, at least about 0.01%, at least about 0.1%, at least about 1%, at least about 2%, at least about 3%, at least about 4%, at least about 5%, at least about 6%, at least about 7%, at least about 8%, at least about 9%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 150%, at least about 2-fold, at least about 3-fold, at least about 4-fold, at least about 5-fold, at least about 6-fold, at least about 7-fold, at least about 8-fold, at least about 9-fold, at least about 10-fold, at least about 100-fold, at least about 1000-fold, at least about 10000-fold, at least about 100000-fold, or at least about 1000000-fold higher than that of the control strain. In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein may have adhesion to VEC that is up to about 0.001%, up to about 0.001%, up to about 0.01%, up to about 0.1%, up to about 1%, up to about 2%, up to about 3%, up to about 4%, up to about 5%, up to about 6%, up to about 7%, up to about 8%, up to about 9%, up to about 10%, up to about 20%, up to about 30%, up to about 40%, up to about 50%, up to about 60%, up to about 70%, up to about 80%, up to about 90%, up to about 100%, up to about 150%, up to about 2-fold, up to about 3-fold, up to about 4-fold, up to about 5-fold, up to about 6-fold, up to about 7-fold, up to about 8-fold, up to about 9-fold, up to about 10-fold, up to about 100-fold, up to about 1000-fold, up to about 10000-fold, up to about 100000-fold, or up to about 1000000-fold higher than that of the control strain. The control strain is LP01 (Luigi et al., Acta Biomed.described in 2019;90(Suppl 7):13-17, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety), LBV96 (U.S. Patent No. 8,846,027 and Marschalek et al., Breast Care (Basel). October 2017;12(5):335-339, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety); LBV88 (described in U.S. Patent No. 8,846,027 and Marschalek et al.), or LBV116 (described in U.S. Patent No. 8,846,027 and Marschalek et al.). Adhesion to VEC can be measured by contacting a population of bacterial strains with VEC and measuring the number of bacterial cells attached or adhered to VEC. For example, adhesion to VEC can be measured by the methods described herein, such as those described in Example 2. In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein (or their culture media, or bacterial products contained within their culture media) may not have sufficient ability in adhesion to VEC.. 【0183】 The bacterial strain described in this specification (or its culture medium, or the bacterial products contained within its culture medium) may have sufficient ability to inhibit the growth or biofilm formation of vaginal pathogens. Vaginal pathogens may include G. vaginalis, L. iners, Prevotella bivia, Atopobium vaginae, Sneathia spp., or combinations thereof. The vaginal pathogen may include G. vaginalis. The vaginal pathogen may include L. iners. The vaginal pathogen may include Prevotella bivia. The vaginal pathogen may include Atopobium vaginae. The vaginal pathogen may include Sneathia spp. The vaginal pathogen may include Prevotella bivia, Atopobium vaginae, Sneathia spp., G. vaginalis, and L. iners. In some cases, the bacterial strain described in this specification (or its culture medium, or the bacterial products contained within its culture medium) may not have sufficient ability to inhibit the growth or biofilm formation of vaginal pathogens. 【0184】 In some cases, the bacterial strain (or its culture medium, or the bacterial products contained within its culture medium) can inhibit the growth of the vaginal pathogen by at least about 1%, at least about 2%, at least about 3%, at least about 4%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or at least about 100%, compared to the growth of the pathogen when inhibited by the control. The control can include growing the vaginal pathogen in a medium control or without the bacterial strain (such as those described in Example 2). The control can include growing the vaginal pathogen without the bacterial strain. In some cases, the bacterial strain (or its culture medium, or the bacterial products contained within its culture medium) can inhibit the growth of the vaginal pathogen by up to about 1%, up to about 2%, up to about 3%, up to about 4%, up to about 5%, up to about 10%, up to about 15%, up to about 20%, up to about 25%, up to about 30%, up to about 35%, up to about 40%, up to about 45%, up to about 50%, up to about 55%, up to about 60%, up to about 65%, up to about 70%, up to about 75%, up to about 80%, up to about 85%, up to about 90%, up to about 95%, or up to about 100%, compared to the growth of the pathogen when inhibited by the control. 【0185】 In some cases, the bacterial strain described herein (or its culture medium, or the bacterial products contained within its culture medium) can exhibit inhibition of the growth of vaginal pathogens that is at least about 0.001%, at least about 0.001%, at least about 0.01%, at least about 0.1%, at least about 1%, at least about 2%, at least about 3%, at least about 4%, at least about 5%, at least about 6%, at least about 7%, at least about 8%, at least about 9%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 150%, at least about 2-fold, at least about 3-fold, at least about 4-fold, at least about 5-fold, at least about 6-fold, at least about 7-fold, at least about 8-fold, at least about 9-fold, at least about 10-fold, at least about 100-fold, at least about 1000-fold, at least about 10000-fold, at least about 100000-fold or at least about 1000000-fold higher than that of the control strain (or its culture medium, or the bacterial products contained within its culture medium). In some cases, the bacterial strain described herein (or its culture medium, or the bacterial products contained within its culture medium) can exhibit inhibition of the growth of vaginal pathogens that is at most about 0.001%, at most about 0.001%, at most about 0.01%, at most about 0.1%, at most about 1%, at most about 2%, at most about 3%, at most about 4%, at most about 5%, at most about 6%, at most about 7%, at most about 8%, at most about 9%, at most about 10%, at most about 20%, at most about 30%, at most about 40%, at most about 50%, at most about 60%, at most about 70%, at most about 80%, at most about 90%, at most about 100%, at most about 150%, at most about 2-fold, at most about 3-fold, at most about 4-fold, at most about 5-fold, at most about 6-fold, at most about 7-fold, at most about 8-fold, at most about 9-fold, at most about 10-fold, at most about 100-fold, at most about 1000-fold, at most about 10000-fold, at most about 100000-fold or at most about 1000000-fold higher than that of the control strain (or its culture medium, or the bacterial products contained within its culture medium). The control strain can include LP01, LBV96, LBV88 or LBV116.Inhibition of the growth of the pathogen can be measured by contacting a bacterial strain (or its culture medium, or bacterial products contained within its culture medium) with the vaginal pathogen and measuring the growth of the vaginal pathogen. For example, inhibition of the growth of the vaginal pathogen can be measured by the methods described herein, such as those described in Example 2. 【0186】 In some cases, the bacterial strain (or its culture medium, or bacterial products contained within its culture medium) can inhibit the biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen by at least about 1%, at least about 2%, at least about 3%, at least about 4%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or at least about 100%, as compared to the biofilm formation of the pathogen when inhibited by a control. The control can include a medium control or growing the vaginal pathogen without the bacterial strain (such as those described in Example 2). The control can include growing the vaginal pathogen without the bacterial strain. In some cases, the bacterial strain (or its culture medium, or bacterial products contained within its culture medium) can inhibit the biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen by up to about 1%, up to about 2%, up to about 3%, up to about 4%, up to about 5%, up to about 10%, up to about 15%, up to about 20%, up to about 25%, up to about 30%, up to about 35%, up to about 40%, up to about 45%, up to about 50%, up to about 55%, up to about 60%, up to about 65%, up to about 70%, up to about 75%, up to about 80%, up to about 85%, up to about 90%, up to about 95%, or up to about 100%, as compared to the biofilm formation of the pathogen when inhibited by a control. 【0187】 In some cases, the bacterial strain described herein (or its culture medium, or the bacterial product contained within its culture medium) can exhibit inhibition of biofilm formation of vaginal pathogens that is at least about 0.001%, at least about 0.001%, at least about 0.01%, at least about 0.1%, at least about 1%, at least about 2%, at least about 3%, at least about 4%, at least about 5%, at least about 6%, at least about 7%, at least about 8%, at least about 9%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 150%, at least about 2-fold, at least about 3-fold, at least about 4-fold, at least about 5-fold, at least about 6-fold, at least about 7-fold, at least about 8-fold, at least about 9-fold, at least about 10-fold, at least about 100-fold, at least about 1000-fold, at least about 10000-fold, at least about 100000-fold or at least about 1000000-fold higher than that of the control strain (or its culture medium, or the bacterial product contained within its culture medium). In some cases, the bacterial strain described herein (or its culture medium, or the bacterial product contained within its culture medium) can exhibit inhibition of biofilm formation of vaginal pathogens that is up to about 0.001%, up to about 0.001%, up to about 0.01%, up to about 0.1%, up to about 1%, up to about 2%, up to about 3%, up to about 4%, up to about 5%, up to about 6%, up to about 7%, up to about 8%, up to about 9%, up to about 10%, up to about 20%, up to about 30%, up to about 40%, up to about 50%, up to about 60%, up to about 70%, up to about 80%, up to about 90%, up to about 100%, up to about 150%, up to about 2-fold, up to about 3-fold, up to about 4-fold, up to about 5-fold, up to about 6-fold, up to about 7-fold, up to about 8-fold, up to about 9-fold, up to about 10-fold, up to about 100-fold, up to about 1000-fold, up to about 10000-fold, up to about 100000-fold or up to about 1000000-fold higher than that of the control strain (or its culture medium, or the bacterial product contained within its culture medium). The control strain can include LP01, LBV96, LBV88 or LBV116.Inhibition of biofilm formation by a pathogen can be measured by contacting a bacterial strain (or its culture medium, or bacterial products contained within its culture medium) with a vaginal pathogen and measuring the biofilm formation of the vaginal pathogen. For example, inhibition of biofilm formation by a vaginal pathogen can be measured by the methods described herein, such as those described in Example 2. 【0188】 The bacterial strains described herein may have sufficient ability in the utilization of carbohydrates associated with the vagina. The term "carbohydrate" as used herein refers to naturally occurring compounds or derivatives consisting of combinations of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen molecules. The term "carbohydrate" can refer to aldehydes or ketones having various additional hydroxyl groups, including monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Carbohydrates can be synthetically produced or derived from naturally occurring elements. Carbohydrates associated with the vagina can include carbohydrates present in the vagina. In some cases, carbohydrates associated with the vagina can include glycogen, glucose, dextrin (such as maltodextrin), maltose, mucin, sialic acid, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein may have sufficient ability to utilize glycogen. The strains described herein may have sufficient ability to utilize dextrin. The strains described herein may have sufficient ability to utilize maltodextrin. Glycogen can include bioglycogen. When a bacterial strain can utilize a particular nutrient (any substance used by an organism for survival, growth, and / or reproduction), it can also convert the nutrient into another substance (e.g., by metabolic activity). For example, if a bacterial strain can utilize a particular carbohydrate, it can also metabolize the carbohydrate and / or convert the carbohydrate into bacterial products or metabolites of the carbohydrate. In some cases, a bacterial strain that can utilize a particular substance can also grow in an environment containing that substance as a nutrient source. In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein may not have sufficient ability in the utilization of carbohydrates associated with the vagina. 【0189】 In some cases, vaginal-related utilization can be measured by the growth ratio (referred to as the vaginal-related carbohydrate growth ratio) between a bacterial strain grown in a culture having a carbon source consisting of a carbohydrate related to the vagina and a bacterial strain grown in a culture having a carbon source consisting of glucose. As used herein, a carbon source is a purified substance that is added to a medium for culturing microorganisms and that acts as a carbon source for producing the biomass and / or energy of the microorganisms. For example, a method for determining the vaginal-related carbohydrate growth ratio is described herein and, for example, is described in Example 2. 【0190】 In some cases, the vaginal-related carbohydrate growth ratio of the bacterial strains described herein can be at least about 0.01, at least about 0.02, at least about 0.05, at least about 0.1, at least about 0.2, at least about 0.3, at least about 0.4, at least about 0.5, at least about 0.6, at least about 0.7, at least about 0.8, at least about 0.9, at least about 1, at least about 1.1, at least about 1.2, at least about 1.3, at least about 1.4, at least about 1.5, at least about 1.6, at least about 1.7, at least about 1.8, at least about 1.9, at least about 2, at least about 2.5, at least about 3, at least about 3.5, at least about 4, at least about 4.5, at least about 5, or more. In some cases, the vaginal-related carbohydrate growth ratio of the bacterial strains described herein can be at most about 0.01, at most about 0.02, at most about 0.05, at most about 0.1, at most about 0.2, at most about 0.3, at most about 0.4, at most about 0.5, at most about 0.6, at most about 0.7, at most about 0.8, at most about 0.9, at most about 1, at most about 1.1, at most about 1.2, at most about 1.3, at most about 1.4, at most about 1.5, at most about 1.6, at most about 1.7, at most about 1.8, at most about 1.9, at most about 2, at most about 2.5, at most about 3, at most about 3.5, at most about 4, at most about 4.5, or at most about 5. 【0191】 In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein may have a vaginal-related carbohydrate growth ratio that is at least about 0.001%, at least about 0.001%, at least about 0.01%, at least about 0.1%, at least about 1%, at least about 2%, at least about 3%, at least about 4%, at least about 5%, at least about 6%, at least about 7%, at least about 8%, at least about 9%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 150%, at least about 2-fold, at least about 3-fold, at least about 4-fold, at least about 5-fold, at least about 6-fold, at least about 7-fold, at least about 8-fold, at least about 9-fold, at least about 10-fold, at least about 100-fold, at least about 1000-fold, at least about 10000-fold, at least about 100000-fold or at least about 1000000-fold higher than that of the control strain. In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein may have a vaginal-related carbohydrate growth ratio that is up to about 0.001%, up to about 0.001%, up to about 0.01%, up to about 0.1%, up to about 1%, up to about 2%, up to about 3%, up to about 4%, up to about 5%, up to about 6%, up to about 7%, up to about 8%, up to about 9%, up to about 10%, up to about 20%, up to about 30%, up to about 40%, up to about 50%, up to about 60%, up to about 70%, up to about 80%, up to about 90%, up to about 100%, up to about 150%, up to about 2-fold, up to about 3-fold, up to about 4-fold, up to about 5-fold, up to about 6-fold, up to about 7-fold, up to about 8-fold, up to about 9-fold, up to about 10-fold, up to about 100-fold, up to about 1000-fold, up to about 10000-fold, up to about 100000-fold, or up to about 1000000-fold higher than that of the control strain. The control strain may include LP01, LBV96, LBV88 or LBV116. 【0192】 In some cases, the carbohydrate growth ratio (in the case of glycogen) associated with the vagina of the bacterial strains described herein can be at least about 0.01, at least about 0.02, at least about 0.05, at least about 0.1, at least about 0.2, at least about 0.3, at least about 0.4, at least about 0.5, at least about 0.6, at least about 0.7, at least about 0.8, at least about 0.9, at least about 1, at least about 1.1, at least about 1.2, at least about 1.3, at least about 1.4, at least about 1.5, at least about 1.6, at least about 1.7, at least about 1.8, at least about 1.9, at least about 2, at least about 2.5, at least about 3, at least about 3.5, at least about 4, at least about 4.5, at least about 5, or more. In some cases, the carbohydrate growth ratio (in the case of glycogen) associated with the vagina of the bacterial strains described herein can be at most about 0.01, at most about 0.02, at most about 0.05, at most about 0.1, at most about 0.2, at most about 0.3, at most about 0.4, at most about 0.5, at most about 0.6, at most about 0.7, at most about 0.8, at most about 0.9, at most about 1, at most about 1.1, at most about 1.2, at most about 1.3, at most about 1.4, at most about 1.5, at most about 1.6, at most about 1.7, at most about 1.8, at most about 1.9, at most about 2, at most about 2.5, at most about 3, at most about 3.5, at most about 4, at most about 4.5, or at most about 5. In some cases, the carbohydrate growth ratio (in the case of bioglycogen) associated with the vagina of the bacterial strains described herein can be at least about 0.01, at least about 0.02, at least about 0.05, at least about 0.1, at least about 0.2, at least about 0.3, at least about 0.4, at least about 0.5, at least about 0.6, at least about 0.7, at least about 0.8, at least about 0.9, at least about 1, at least about 1.1, at least about 1.2, at least about 1.3, at least about 1.4, at least about 1.5, at least about 1.6, at least about 1.7, at least about 1.8, at least about 1.9, at least about 2, at least about 2.5, at least about 3, at least about 3.5, at least about 4, at least about 4.5, at least about 5, or more.In some cases, the carbohydrate growth ratio (in the case of glycogen) associated with the vagina of the bacterial strains described herein can be up to about 0.01, up to about 0.02, up to about 0.05, up to about 0.1, up to about 0.2, up to about 0.3, up to about 0.4, up to about 0.5, up to about 0.6, up to about 0.7, up to about 0.8, up to about 0.9, up to about 1, up to about 1.1, up to about 1.2, up to about 1.3, up to about 1.4, up to about 1.5, up to about 1.6, up to about 1.7, up to about 1.8, up to about 1.9, up to about 2, up to about 2.5, up to about 3, up to about 3.5, up to about 4, up to about 4.5, or up to about 5. In some cases, the carbohydrate growth ratio (in the case of dextrin) associated with the vagina of the bacterial strains described herein can be at least about 0.01, at least about 0.02, at least about 0.05, at least about 0.1, at least about 0.2, at least about 0.3, at least about 0.4, at least about 0.5, at least about 0.6, at least about 0.7, at least about 0.8, at least about 0.9, at least about 1, at least about 1.1, at least about 1.2, at least about 1.3, at least about 1.4, at least about 1.5, at least about 1.6, at least about 1.7, at least about 1.8, at least about 1.9, at least about 2, at least about 2.5, at least about 3, at least about 3.5, at least about 4, at least about 4.5, at least about 5, or more. In some cases, the carbohydrate growth ratio (in the case of dextrin) associated with the vagina of the bacterial strains described herein can be up to about 0.01, up to about 0.02, up to about 0.05, up to about 0.1, up to about 0.2, up to about 0.3, up to about 0.4, up to about 0.5, up to about 0.6, up to about 0.7, up to about 0.8, up to about 0.9, up to about 1, up to about 1.1, up to about 1.2, up to about 1.3, up to about 1.4, up to about 1.5, up to about 1.6, up to about 1.7, up to about 1.8, up to about 1.9, up to about 2, up to about 2.5, up to about 3, up to about 3.5, up to about 4, up to about 4.5, or up to about 5.In some cases, the carbohydrate growth ratio (in the case of maltodextrin) associated with the vagina of the bacterial strains described herein can be at least about 0.01, at least about 0.02, at least about 0.05, at least about 0.1, at least about 0.2, at least about 0.3, at least about 0.4, at least about 0.5, at least about 0.6, at least about 0.7, at least about 0.8, at least about 0.9, at least about 1, at least about 1.1, at least about 1.2, at least about 1.3, at least about 1.4, at least about 1.5, at least about 1.6, at least about 1.7, at least about 1.8, at least about 1.9, at least about 2, at least about 2.5, at least about 3, at least about 3.5, at least about 4, at least about 4.5, at least about 5, or more. In some cases, the carbohydrate growth ratio (in the case of maltodextrin) associated with the vagina of the bacterial strains described herein can be at most about 0.01, at most about 0.02, at most about 0.05, at most about 0.1, at most about 0.2, at most about 0.3, at most about 0.4, at most about 0.5, at most about 0.6, at most about 0.7, at most about 0.8, at most about 0.9, at most about 1, at most about 1.1, at most about 1.2, at most about 1.3, at most about 1.4, at most about 1.5, at most about 1.6, at most about 1.7, at most about 1.8, at most about 1.9, at most about 2, at most about 2.5, at most about 3, at most about 3.5, at most about 4, at most about 4.5, or at most about 5. 【0193】 In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein can have a vaginal-related carbohydrate growth ratio that is at least about 0.001%, at least about 0.001%, at least about 0.01%, at least about 0.1%, at least about 1%, at least about 2%, at least about 3%, at least about 4%, at least about 5%, at least about 6%, at least about 7%, at least about 8%, at least about 9%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 150%, at least about 2-fold, at least about 3-fold, at least about 4-fold, at least about 5-fold, at least about 6-fold, at least about 7-fold, at least about 8-fold, at least about 9-fold, at least about 10-fold, at least about 100-fold, at least about 1000-fold, at least about 10000-fold, at least about 100000-fold, or at least about 1000000-fold higher than that of the control strain (e.g., in the case of glycogen, bioglycogen, dextrin, or maltodextrin). In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein can have a vaginal-related carbohydrate growth ratio that is up to about 0.001%, up to about 0.001%, up to about 0.01%, up to about 0.1%, up to about 1%, up to about 2%, up to about 3%, up to about 4%, up to about 5%, up to about 6%, up to about 7%, up to about 8%, up to about 9%, up to about 10%, up to about 20%, up to about 30%, up to about 40%, up to about 50%, up to about 60%, up to about 70%, up to about 80%, up to about 90%, up to about 100%, up to about 150%, up to about 2-fold, up to about 3-fold, up to about 4-fold, up to about 5-fold, up to about 6-fold, up to about 7-fold, up to about 8-fold, up to about 9-fold, up to about 10-fold, up to about 100-fold, up to about 1000-fold, up to about 10000-fold, up to about 100000-fold, or up to about 1000000-fold higher than that of the control strain (e.g., in the case of glycogen, bioglycogen, dextrin, or maltodextrin). The control strain can include LP01, LBV96, LBV88, or LBV116. 【0194】 The bacterial strains described in this specification may have sufficient ability to grow at vaginal-related pH (pH lower than physiological pH). The vaginal pH can be at least about 1, at least about 1.5, at least about 2, at least about 2.5, at least about 2.6, at least about 2.7, at least about 2.8, at least about 2.9, at least about 3, at least about 3.1, at least about 3.2, at least about 3.3, at least about 3.4, at least about 3.5, at least about 3.6, at least about 3.7, at least about 3.8, at least about 3.9, at least about 4, at least about 4.1, at least about 4.2, at least about 4.3, at least about 4.4, at least about 4.5, at least about 4.6, at least about 4.7, at least about 4.8, at least about 4.9, at least about 5, at least about 5.1, at least about 5.2, at least about 5.3, at least about 5.4, at least about 5.5, at least about 5.6, at least about 5.7, at least about 5.8, at least about 5.9, or at least about 6. The vaginal pH can be at most about 1, at most about 1.5, at most about 2, at most about 2.5, at most about 2.6, at most about 2.7, at most about 2.8, at most about 2.9, at most about 3, at most about 3.1, at most about 3.2, at most about 3.3, at most about 3.4, at most about 3.5, at most about 3.6, at most about 3.7, at most about 3.8, at most about 3.9, at most about 4, at most about 4.1, at most about 4.2, at most about 4.3, at most about 4.4, at most about 4.5, at most about 4.6, at most about 4.7, at most about 4.8, at most about 4.9, at most about 5, at most about 5.1, at most about 5.2, at most about 5.3, at most about 5.4, at most about 5.5, at most about 5.6, at most about 5.7, at most about 5.8, at most about 5.9, or at most about 6. The physiological pH is at least about 6.1, at least about 6.2, at least about 6.3, at least about 6.4, at least about 6.5, at least about 6.6, at least about 6.7, at least about 6.8, at least about 6.9, at least about 7, at least about 7.1, at least about 7.2, at least about 7.3, at least about 7.4, at least about 7.5, at least about 7.6, at least about 7.7, at least about 7.8, at least about 7.9, or at least about 8.The physiological pH is about 6.1, about 6.2, about 6.3, about 6.4, about 6.5, about 6.6, about 6.7, about 6.8, about 6.9, about 7, about 7.1, about 7.2, about 7.3, about 7.4, about 7.5, about 7.6, about 7.7, about 7.8, about 7.9, or about 8 at most. 【0195】 In some cases, the growth of strains under various pH conditions can be measured by the growth ratio (also referred to as the "vaginal pH / physiological pH growth ratio") between the strain grown in a culture having a vaginal pH and the strain grown in a culture having a physiological pH. The method for measuring the vaginal pH / physiological pH growth ratio of the strain can include those described in Example 2. The strains described herein may not have sufficient ability to grow at vaginal-related pH. 【0196】 In some cases, the vaginal pH / physiological pH growth ratio of the bacterial strains described herein can be at least about 0.01, at least about 0.02, at least about 0.05, at least about 0.1, at least about 0.2, at least about 0.3, at least about 0.4, at least about 0.5, at least about 0.6, at least about 0.7, at least about 0.8, at least about 0.9, at least about 1, at least about 1.1, at least about 1.2, at least about 1.3, at least about 1.4, at least about 1.5, at least about 1.6, at least about 1.7, at least about 1.8, at least about 1.9, at least about 2, at least about 2.5, at least about 3, at least about 3.5, at least about 4, at least about 4.5, at least about 5, or more. In some cases, the vaginal pH / physiological pH growth ratio of the bacterial strains described herein can be at most about 0.01, at most about 0.02, at most about 0.05, at most about 0.1, at most about 0.2, at most about 0.3, at most about 0.4, at most about 0.5, at most about 0.6, at most about 0.7, at most about 0.8, at most about 0.9, at most about 1, at most about 1.1, at most about 1.2, at most about 1.3, at most about 1.4, at most about 1.5, at most about 1.6, at most about 1.7, at most about 1.8, at most about 1.9, at most about 2, at most about 2.5, at most about 3, at most about 3.5, at most about 4, at most about 4.5, or at most about 5. 【0197】 In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein can have a vaginal pH / physiological pH growth ratio that is at least about 0.001%, at least about 0.001%, at least about 0.01%, at least about 0.1%, at least about 1%, at least about 2%, at least about 3%, at least about 4%, at least about 5%, at least about 6%, at least about 7%, at least about 8%, at least about 9%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 150%, at least about 2-fold, at least about 3-fold, at least about 4-fold, at least about 5-fold, at least about 6-fold, at least about 7-fold, at least about 8-fold, at least about 9-fold, at least about 10-fold, at least about 100-fold, at least about 1000-fold, at least about 10000-fold, at least about 100000-fold, or at least about 1000000-fold higher than that of the control strain. In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein can have a vaginal pH / physiological pH growth ratio that is at most about 0.001%, at most about 0.001%, at most about 0.01%, at most about 0.1%, at most about 1%, at most about 2%, at most about 3%, at most about 4%, at most about 5%, at most about 6%, at most about 7%, at most about 8%, at most about 9%, at most about 10%, at most about 20%, at most about 30%, at most about 40%, at most about 50%, at most about 60%, at most about 70%, at most about 80%, at most about 90%, at most about 100%, at most about 150%, at most about 2-fold, at most about 3-fold, at most about 4-fold, at most about 5-fold, at most about 6-fold, at most about 7-fold, at most about 8-fold, at most about 9-fold, at most about 10-fold, at most about 100-fold, at most about 1000-fold, at most about 10000-fold, at most about 100000-fold, or at most about 1000000-fold higher than that of the control strain. The control strain can include LP01, LBV96, LBV88, or LBV116. 【0198】 The bacterial strains described in this specification may have sufficient ability to produce bacterial products for treating or preventing vaginal diseases or complications associated with vaginal diseases. For example, the bacterial products for treating or preventing BV may contain lactic acid or hydrogen peroxide. Methods for measuring the amount of bacterial products can include those described in Example 2. The bacterial strains described in this specification may not have sufficient ability to produce bacterial products for treating or preventing vaginal diseases or complications associated with vaginal diseases. 【0199】 In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein produce hydrogen peroxide of at least about at least about 1 x 10^-3 micromoles (μM), at least about 2 x 10^-3 μM, at least about 5 x 10^-3 μM, at least about 1 x 10^-2 μM, at least about 2 x 10^-2 μM, at least about 5 x 10^-2 μM, at least about 1 x 10^-1 μM, at least about 2 x 10^-1 μM, at least about 5 x 10^-1 μM, at least about 1 x 10^0 μM, at least about 2 x 10^0 μM, at least about 5 x 10^0 μM, at least about 1 x 10^1 μM, at least about 2 x 10^1 μM, at least about 5 x 10^1 μM, at least about 1 x 10^2 μM, at least about 2 x 10^2 μM, at least about 5 x 10^2 μM, at least about 1 x 10^3 μM, at least about 2 x 10^3 μM, at least about 5 x 10^3 μM, at least about 1 x 10^4 μM, at least about 2 x 10^4 μM, at least about 5 x 10^4 μM, at least about 1 x 10^5 μM, at least about 2 x 10^5 μM, at least about 5 x 10^5 μM, at least about 1 x 10^6 μM, at least about 2 x 10^6 μM, at least about 5 x 10^6 μM when measured by the method described in Example 2. In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein produce hydrogen peroxide of up to about 1 x 10^-3 micromoles (μM), up to about 2 x 10^-3 μM, up to about 5 x 10^-3 μM, up to about 1 x 10^-2 μM, up to about 2 x 10^-2 μM, up to about 5 x 10^-2 μM, up to about 1 x 10^-1 μM, up to about 2 x 10^-1 μM, up to about 5 x 10^-1 μM, up to about 1 x 10^0 μM, up to about 2 x 10^0 μM, up to about 5 x 10^0 μM, up to about 1 x 10^1 μM, up to about 2 x 10^1 μM, up to about 5 x 10^1 μM, up to about 1 x 10^2 μM, up to about 2 x 10^2 μM, up to about 5 x 10^2 μM, up to about 1 x 10^3 μM, up to about 2 x 10^3 μM, up to about 5 x 10^3 μM, up to about 1 x 10^4 μM, up to about 2 x 10^4 μM, up to about 5 x 10^4 μM, up to about 1 x 10^5 μM, up to about 2 x 10^5 μM, up to about 5 x 10^5 μM, up to about 1 x 10^6 μM, up to about 2 x 10^6 μM, up to about 5 x 10^6 μM when measured by the method described in Example 2. 【0200】 In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein produce at least about 0.001%, at least about 0.001%, at least about 0.01%, at least about 0.1%, at least about 1%, at least about 2%, at least about 3%, at least about 4%, at least about 5%, at least about 6%, at least about 7%, at least about 8%, at least about 9%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 150%, at least about 2-fold, at least about 3-fold, at least about 4-fold, at least about 5-fold, at least about 6-fold, at least about 7-fold, at least about 8-fold, at least about 9-fold, at least about 10-fold, at least about 100-fold, at least about 1000-fold, at least about 10000-fold, at least about 100000-fold, or at least about 1000000-fold more hydrogen peroxide than that of the control strain. In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein produce up to about 0.001%, up to about 0.001%, up to about 0.01%, up to about 0.1%, up to about 1%, up to about 2%, up to about 3%, up to about 4%, up to about 5%, up to about 6%, up to about 7%, up to about 8%, up to about 9%, up to about 10%, up to about 20%, up to about 30%, up to about 40%, up to about 50%, up to about 60%, up to about 70%, up to about 80%, up to about 90%, up to about 100%, up to about 150%, up to about 2-fold, up to about 3-fold, up to about 4-fold, up to about 5-fold, up to about 6-fold, up to about 7-fold, up to about 8-fold, up to about 9-fold, up to about 10-fold, up to about 100-fold, up to about 1000-fold, up to about 10000-fold, up to about 100000-fold, or up to about 1000000-fold more hydrogen peroxide than that of the control strain. The control strain may include LP01, LBV96, LBV88, or LBV116. 【0201】 In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein produce at least about 1×10^1 RLU of lactic acid, at least about 2×10^1 RLU of lactic acid, at least about 5×10^1 RLU of lactic acid, at least about 1×10^2 RLU of lactic acid, at least about 2×10^2 RLU of lactic acid, at least about 5×10^2 RLU of lactic acid, at least about 1×10^3 RLU of lactic acid, at least about 2×10^3 RLU of lactic acid, at least about 5×10^3 RLU of lactic acid, at least about 1×10^4 RLU of lactic acid, at least about 2×10^4 RLU of lactic acid, at least about 5×10^4 RLU of lactic acid, at least about 1×10^5 RLU of lactic acid, at least about 2×10^5 RLU of lactic acid, at least about 5×10^5 RLU of lactic acid, at least about 1×10^6 RLU of lactic acid, at least about 2×10^6 RLU of lactic acid, at least about 5×10^6 RLU of lactic acid when measured by the method described in Example 2. In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein produce a maximum of about 1×10^1 RLU of lactic acid, a maximum of about 2×10^1 RLU of lactic acid, a maximum of about 5×10^1 RLU of lactic acid, a maximum of about 1×10^2 RLU of lactic acid, a maximum of about 2×10^2 RLU of lactic acid, a maximum of about 5×10^2 RLU of lactic acid, a maximum of about 1×10^3 RLU of lactic acid, a maximum of about 2×10^3 RLU of lactic acid, a maximum of about 5×10^3 RLU of lactic acid, a maximum of about 1×10^4 RLU of lactic acid, a maximum of about 2×10^4 RLU of lactic acid, a maximum of about 5×10^4 RLU of lactic acid, a maximum of about 1×10^5 RLU of lactic acid, a maximum of about 2×10^5 RLU of lactic acid, a maximum of about 5×10^5 RLU of lactic acid, a maximum of about 1×10^6 RLU of lactic acid, a maximum of about 2×10^6 RLU of lactic acid, a maximum of about 5×10^6 RLU of lactic acid when measured by the method described in Example 2. 【0202】 In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein produce at least about 0.001%, at least about 0.001%, at least about 0.01%, at least about 0.1%, at least about 1%, at least about 2%, at least about 3%, at least about 4%, at least about 5%, at least about 6%, at least about 7%, at least about 8%, at least about 9%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 150%, at least about 2-fold, at least about 3-fold, at least about 4-fold, at least about 5-fold, at least about 6-fold, at least about 7-fold, at least about 8-fold, at least about 9-fold, at least about 10-fold, at least about 100-fold, at least about 1000-fold, at least about 10000-fold, at least about 100000-fold or at least about 1000000-fold more lactic acid than the control strain. In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein produce at most about 0.001%, at most about 0.001%, at most about 0.01%, at most about 0.1%, at most about 1%, at most about 2%, at most about 3%, at most about 4%, at most about 5%, at most about 6%, at most about 7%, at most about 8%, at most about 9%, at most about 10%, at most about 20%, at most about 30%, at most about 40%, at most about 50%, at most about 60%, at most about 70%, at most about 80%, at most about 90%, at most about 100%, at most about 150%, at most about 2-fold, at most about 3-fold, at most about 4-fold, at most about 5-fold, at most about 6-fold, at most about 7-fold, at most about 8-fold, at most about 9-fold, at most about 10-fold, at most about 100-fold, at most about 1000-fold, at most about 10000-fold, at most about 100000-fold, or at most about 1000000-fold more lactic acid than the control strain. The control strain may include LP01, LBV96, LBV88 or LBV116. 【0203】 2. NEC-related functions The bacterial strain described in this specification (or its culture medium, or the bacterial products contained in its culture medium) may have sufficient ability in adhering to IEC. In some cases, the bacterial strain (or its culture medium, or the bacterial products contained in its culture medium) adheres to IEC at least about 1x10^1 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^1 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^1 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^2 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^2 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^2 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^3 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^3 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^3 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^4 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^4 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^4 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^5 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^5 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^5 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^6 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^6 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^6 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^7 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^7 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^7 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^8 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^8 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^8 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^9 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^9 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^9 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^10 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^10 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^10 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^11 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^11 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^11 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^12 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^12 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^12 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^13 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^13 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^13 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^14 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^14 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^14 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^15 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^15 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^15 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^16 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^16 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^16 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^17 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^17 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^17 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^18 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^18 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^18 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^19 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^19 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^19 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^20 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^20 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^20 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^21 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^21 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^21 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^22 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^22 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^22 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^23 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^23 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^23 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^24 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^24 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^24 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^25 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^25 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^25 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^26 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^26 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^26 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^27 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^27 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^27 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^28 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^28 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^28 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^29 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^29 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^29 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^30 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^30 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^30 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^31 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^31 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^31 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^32 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^32 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^32 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^33 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^33 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^33 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^34 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^34 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^34 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^35 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^35 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^35 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^36 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^36 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^36 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^37 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^37 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^37 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^38 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^38 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^38 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^39 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^39 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^39 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^40 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^40 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^40 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^41 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^41 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^41 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^42 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^42 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^42 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^43 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^43 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^43 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^44 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^44 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^44 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^45 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^45 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^45 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^46 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^46 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^46 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^47 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^47 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^47 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^48 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^48 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^48 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^49 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^49 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^49 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^50 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^50 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^50 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^51 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^51 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^51 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^52 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^52 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^52 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^53 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^53 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^53 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1x10^54 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2x10^54 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5x10^54 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1At least about 5 x 10^10 CFU per 5 cm^2, at least about 1 x 10^11 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2 x 10^11 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5 x 10^11 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 1 x 10^12 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 2 x 10^12 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, at least about 5 x 10^12 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, or more. In some cases, the bacterial strain (or its culture medium, or bacterial products contained within its culture medium) adheres to the IEC at a maximum of about 1 x 10^1 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 2 x 10^1 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 5 x 10^1 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 1 x 10^2 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 2 x 10^2 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 5 x 10^2 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 1 x 10^3 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 2 x 10^3 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 5 x 10^3 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 1 x 10^4 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 2 x 10^4 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 5 x 10^4 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 1 x 10^5 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 2 x 10^5 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 5 x 10^5 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 1 x 10^6 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 2 x 10^6 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 5 x 10^6 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 1 x 10^7 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 2 x 10^7 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 5 x 10^7 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 1 x 10^8 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 2 x 10^8 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 5 x 10^8 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 1 x 10^9 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 2 x 10^9 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, a maximum of about 5 x 10^9 CFU per 9.5 cm^2 of IEC, 9.5 cm^2 of IEC...Up to approximately 1 x 10^10 CFU per 5 cm^2, up to approximately 2 x 10^10 CFU per IEC 9.5 cm^2, up to approximately 5 x 10^10 CFU per IEC 9.5 cm^2, up to approximately 1 x 10^11 CFU per IEC 9.5 cm^2, up to approximately 2 x 10^11 CFU per IEC 9.5 cm^2, up to approximately 5 x 10^11 CFU per IEC 9.5 cm^2, up to approximately 1 x 10^12 CFU per IEC 9.5 cm^2, up to approximately 2 x 10^12 CFU per IEC 9.5 cm^2, or up to approximately 5 x 10^12 CFU per IEC 9.5 cm^2. In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein may show adhesion to IEC that is at least about 0.001%, at least about 0.001%, at least about 0.01%, at least about 0.1%, at least about 1%, at least about 2%, at least about 3%, at least about 4%, at least about 5%, at least about 6%, at least about 7%, at least about 8%, at least about 9%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 100%, at least about 150%, at least about 2-fold, at least about 3-fold, at least about 4-fold, at least about 5-fold, at least about 6-fold, at least about 7-fold, at least about 8-fold, at least about 9-fold, at least about 10-fold, at least about 100-fold, at least about 1000-fold, at least about 10000-fold, at least about 100000-fold, or at least about 1000000-fold higher than that of the control strain. In some cases, the bacterial strains described herein may show adhesion to IEC that is at most about 0.001%, at most about 0.001%, at most about 0.01%, at most about 0.It may have adhesion to IEC that is 1%, up to about 1%, up to about 2%, up to about 3%, up to about 4%, up to about 5%, up to about 6%, up to about 7%, up to about 8%, up to about 9%, up to about 10%, up to about 20%, up to about 30%, up to about 40%, up to about 50%, up to about 60%, up to about 70%, up to about 80%, up to about 90%, up to about 100%, up to about 150%, up to about 2-fold, up to about 3-fold, up to about 4-fold, up to about 5-fold, up to about 6-fold, up to about 7-fold, up to about 8-fold, up to about 9-fold, up to about 10-fold, up to about 100-fold, up to about 1000-fold, up to about 10000-fold, up to about 100000-fold, or up to about 1000000-fold higher. Control strains may include EV27 (also called evc001. Described in BMC Pediatr. 2017;17:133, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety), BG49 (also called IBP-9414. Described in US Clinical Trial Number NCT03978000, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). Adhesion to IEC can be measured by contacting a population of bacterial strains with IEC and measuring the number of bacterial cells attached or adhered to the IEC. For example, adhesion to IEC can be measured by the method described herein, for example, the method described in Example 3. The bacterial strains described herein (or their culture media, or bacterial products contained within their culture media) may not have sufficient ability in adhesion to IEC. 【0204】 The bacterial strain described in this specification (or its culture medium, or the bacterial products contained within its culture medium) may have sufficient ability to inhibit the growth of infant gastrointestinal pathogens. Infant gastrointestinal pathogens may include Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, or combinations thereof. Infant gastrointestinal pathogens may include Escherichia coli. Infant gastrointestinal pathogens may include Klebsiella pneumoniae. Infant gastrointestinal pathogens may include Clostridium perfringens. Infant gastrointestinal pathogens may include Staphylococcus aureus. Infant gastrointestinal pathogens may include Shigella flexneri. Infant gastrointestinal pathogens may include Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Shigella flexneri. The bacterial strain described in this specification (or its culture medium, or the bacterial products contained within its culture medium) may not have sufficient ability to inhibit the growth of infant gastrointestinal pathogens. 【0205】 In some cases, the bacterial strain (or its culture medium, or the bacterial products contained within its culture medium) can inhibit the growth of neonatal gastrointestinal pathogens by at least about 1%, at least about 2%, at least about 3%, at least about 4%, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 15%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, or at least about 100%, as compared to the growth of the pathogen when inhibited by a control. The control can include growing the neonatal gastrointestinal pathogen in a medium control or without the bacterial strain (such as those described in Example 3). The control can include growing the neonatal gastrointestinal pathogen without the bacterial strain. In some cases, the bacterial strain (or its culture medium, or the bacterial products contained within its culture medium) can inhibit the growth of neonatal gastrointestinal pathogens by up to about 1%, up to about 2%, up to about 3...

Claims

[Claim 1] A composition, A bacterial population comprising a first bacterial strain and a second bacterial strain different from the first bacterial strain, for use in the treatment of a disease or condition requiring such treatment, The first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain contain Bifidobacterium sp. or Vertebrate-Associated Lactobacillaceae, The composition is (1) The growth of the pathogen in the subject is inhibited by at least 0.1% compared to the growth of the pathogen in the subject when inhibited by a control composition containing a control bacterial population that does not include the first bacterial strain and the second bacterial strain. (2) The biofilm formation of the pathogen in the subject is inhibited by at least 0.1% compared to the biofilm formation of the pathogen in the subject when inhibited by the control composition. (3) inhibiting the immune response signaling pathway of the target cells by at least 0.1% compared to the immune response signaling pathway of the target cells when inhibited by the control composition, or (4) Any combination of (1) to (3) A composition configured to treat, at least partially, the aforementioned disease or disease condition. [Claim 2] The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is configured to at least partially treat the disease or disease state by inhibiting the proliferation of the pathogen in the subject by at least 0.1% compared to the proliferation of the pathogen in the subject when inhibited by the control composition. [Claim 3] The composition according to claim 1, wherein the disease or disease state includes infant gastrointestinal disease. [Claim 4] The composition according to claim 3, wherein the infant gastrointestinal disease includes necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). [Claim 5] The composition according to claim 1, wherein the pathogen comprises Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexeneri, or a combination thereof. [Claim 6] The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is configured to inhibit the immune response signaling pathway of the target cells by at least 0.1% compared to the immune response signaling pathway of the target cells when inhibited by the control composition. [Claim 7] The composition according to claim 6, wherein the immune response signaling pathway includes an inflammatory immune response signaling pathway, an innate immune response signal, or a combination thereof. [Claim 8] The aforementioned bacterial population includes Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The composition according to claim 1, comprising rhamnosus, or a combination thereof. [Claim 9] The composition according to claim 1, wherein the bacterial community comprises at least two of Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, or Lactobacillus plantarum. [Claim 10] The composition according to claim 1, wherein the bacterial community comprises (1) Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus plantarum, or (2) Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium breve. [Claim 11] The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is formulated into a solid dosage form or a liquid dosage form. [Claim 12] The composition according to claim 1, wherein the disease or disease state includes a vaginal disease or complications related to the vaginal disease. [Claim 13] The composition according to claim 12, wherein the vaginal disease includes bacterial vaginosis (BV), recurrent BV, or a combination thereof. [Claim 14] The composition according to claim 12, wherein the complications related to the vaginal disease include premature birth, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), vulvovaginitis, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), or a combination thereof. [Claim 15] The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is configured to at least partially treat the disease or disease state by inhibiting the biofilm formation of the pathogen in the subject by at least 0.1% compared to the biofilm formation of the pathogen in the subject when inhibited by the control composition. [Claim 16] The composition according to claim 1, wherein the pathogen comprises Prevotella bivia, Atopobium vaginae, Sneathia sp., G. vaginalis, L. iners, or a combination thereof. [Claim 17] The composition according to claim 1, wherein the bacterial population includes Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus crispatus, or a combination thereof. [Claim 18] The composition according to claim 1, wherein the bacterial population comprises at least two of Lactobacillus jensenii, Lactobacillus gasseri, or Lactobacillus crispatus. [Claim 19] The composition according to claim 1, wherein the bacterial population comprises Lactobacillus jensenii and Lactobacillus crispatus. [Claim 20] The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is formulated into a vaginal dosage form.

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