Axial Flux Switch Reluctance and Inductance State Machine Systems, Devices, and Methods

Abstract

The state machine includes a stator assembly arranged to generate a rotating electromagnetic field in response to a control signal, and a rotor assembly positioned adjacent to the stator assembly and arranged to rotate in response to the rotating electromagnetic field. A sensor is arranged to detect an angular position of the rotor assembly and output sensor data based on the angular position of the rotor assembly. A controller is arranged to receive the sensor data and adjust the control signal based on the angular position of the rotor assembly to adjust a torque associated with the rotor assembly when the state machine functions as a motor, or to adjust a power output from the stator assembly when the state machine functions as a generator.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 355,864, entitled "Axial Flux Switched Reluctance Motor System and Method," filed June 27, 2022, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] This application relates generally to motor or generator control techniques, and more particularly to the control of switched reluctance or inductance motors. [Background technology]

[0003] Numerous types of electric motors and generators are currently available for use in many commercial applications, including electric vehicles (EVs), blowers, tools, pumps, fans, mixers, food processors, and power generation equipment, among other uses. A motor typically comprises a stationary stator and a rotor that rotates relative to the stator. The rotor is connected to a drive shaft that drives the motion associated with a particular application. In a direct current (DC) motor, DC current is applied to windings on the rotor, generating an electromagnetic (EM) field. While the rotor is rotating, the current applied to the rotor is commutated via mechanical brushes or, in brushless configurations, via electronic control. The stator of a DC motor typically contains magnets that interact with the EM field generated by the rotor and provide a magnetic field that influences rotor rotation. Stator magnets are typically made from rare earth metals, such as neodymium and dysprosium, which provide a high-density magnetic field, facilitating relatively high torque for DC motors.

[0004] Induction motors and reluctance motors are other types of motors. Induction motors use alternating current (AC) or sinusoidal signals applied to a stator to generate a rotating EM field that drives the rotation of an adjacent rotor. Three-phase induction motors typically have a stator with three pole pairs (i.e., six stator poles), each containing a series-connected winding that carries one of the three phases of voltage and current applied to the induction motor's stator. Each phase of current is offset by 120 degrees, and corresponding pole pairs are physically offset by 120 degrees from each other. This physical and electrical configuration results in a rotating EM field that interacts with the rotor, driving the rotation of the rotor assembly. The rotor may have a cage configuration, which allows current to flow along the cage's conduits, thereby generating an EM field that interacts with the EM field generated by the stator, thereby facilitating rotor rotation. The speed of the rotor's rotation can be controlled using various techniques, including varying the frequency of the current applied to each phase winding or varying the voltage, among other techniques. Reluctance motors are excited by pulses triggered by the rotor's position, which is very different from induction motors. While speed regulation in induction motors is achieved by varying the frequency of the rotating magnetic field, speed regulation in reluctance motors is achieved by varying the input voltage applied to the stator windings. Reluctance motors operate in a manner similar to stepper motors. The stator of an SRM has windings, but the rotor is typically made of salient-pole shaped steel (e.g., no windings or magnets). Computer control is required to implement the drive waveforms (timing and trigger control) based on rotor position and current / voltage feedback. SRMs use closed-loop speed control by controlling parameters such as turn-on angle, turn-off angle, and voltage pulse-width modulation (PWM) duty cycle. Depending on the configuration, speed control of an SRM may be based on varying the voltage PWM duty cycle of the input control signal to the stator windings. Because SRMs typically have nonlinear rotational characteristics, accurately modeling speed control can be an extremely complex task.

[0005] Rotation of a reluctance motor is based on the principle that the rotor and stator poles move to positions where the magnetic field lines of the EM field have the lowest or lowest reluctance (i.e., lowest EM field resistance). One type of reluctance motor is the three-phase switched reluctance motor (SRM). SRMs are self-starting because they have three phases that are electronically shifted 120 degrees out of phase and three pole pairs that are physically shifted 120 degrees from each other to facilitate rotation of the rotor assembly according to the EM field generated by the stator assembly. SRMs use an electronic controller to control the excitation of each of the phase windings to generate the rotating EM field.

[0006] Existing DC motors or generators for EVs or other applications typically use rare earth metals, which can have adverse environmental effects and are becoming less available due to demand. Induction and reluctance motors are alternatives to DC motors and can reduce the need for rare earth metals, but typically have lower performance capabilities compared to DC motors. Therefore, there is a need to implement a motor that eliminates or reduces the use of rare earth metals while providing sufficient performance capabilities relative to DC or AC motors that use rare earth metals. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] The present application, in various implementations, overcomes the shortcomings associated with existing electric motor and generator implementations.

[0008] This application describes exemplary systems, methods, and devices for implementing induction and / or reluctance motors capable of supplying sufficient power and / or torque to a drive shaft for proper operation, for example, in an EV. The exemplary induction and / or reluctance motor or generator systems, methods, and devices can provide rare-earth metal-free implementations without sacrificing performance relative to other motors that use rare-earth metals, such as DC motors. Rare-earth magnets and / or copper conductors can still be utilized to increase the performance of the induction and / or reluctance motors described herein, if desired. However, the motors described herein utilize reluctance and inductance to generate torque or power. Additionally, electromagnets of the present invention suitable for integration into electric motors with magnetic flux characteristics comparable to rare-earth magnets are described. In some implementations, the magnetic circuit including the electromagnet utilizes low-cost, readily available alloy steel. The aforementioned components can be packaged to optimize the magnetic path for each phase, resulting in reduced power consumption and increased torque. In various implementations, heat generation in electric motors is significantly improved due to control of the electromagnet geometry and electrical excitation. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] In one aspect, a state machine (i.e., a motor and / or generator) includes a stator assembly arranged to generate a rotating electromagnetic field in response to a control signal. The state machine also includes a rotor assembly positioned adjacent to the stator assembly and arranged to rotate in response to the rotating electromagnetic field. For an induction state machine, the rotating magnetic field is based on the physical arrangement of the stator poles and the control signal, which may include a three-phase AC signal. For a reluctance state machine, the rotating magnetic field may be based on the physical arrangement of the stator poles and varying excitation signals applied to the stator poles under the control of a processor, in a manner that the electromagnetic field induces rotation of the stator in a desired direction of rotation with a particular torque and / or speed based on the reluctance between the stator and rotor poles. In some implementations, the state machine's controller implements an SRM trigger control technique that affects changes in inductance and resistance related to rotor position, resulting in a variable inductance time constant. The controller may adjust the trigger energization and de-energization for each phase to enable maximum torque and / or power output while preventing the rotor assembly from aligning with the energized phases. Depending on the speed of the rotor assembly, the controller can adjust the trigger to enable a desired torque and / or power output and / or acceleration or deceleration of the rotor assembly. Such a phenomenon regarding the Heaviside Timing & Trigger control by the controller can be referred to as phase trigger advance or retard.

[0010] The first sensor is configured to detect an angular position of the rotor assembly and output first sensor data based on the angular position of the rotor assembly, and the controller is configured to receive the first sensor data and adjust a control signal based on the angular position of the rotor assembly to regulate a torque associated with the rotor assembly when the state machine functions as a motor, or to regulate a power output from the stator assembly when the state machine functions as a generator.

[0011] In some implementations, the second sensor is arranged to detect one or more state machine conditions, such as, for example, rotor assembly speed, stator current, stator voltage, and / or state machine temperature. The second sensor may output second sensor data corresponding to the one or more state machine conditions, in which case the controller is further arranged to receive the second sensor data and adjust the control signal based on the second sensor data.

[0012] The control signal may include a pulse and / or a square waveform. The controller may adjust the rotational speed of the rotor assembly by adjusting a frequency associated with the control signal if the motor includes an induction state machine. The controller may adjust the speed of the rotor assembly by adjusting a voltage applied to windings of the stator assembly if the motor includes a reluctance motor. The state machine may include a polyphase induction motor and / or a polyphase induction generator. The state machine may include a single-phase, three-phase, five-phase, or sixteen-phase induction motor and / or generator. The state machine may include one of a single-stator induction state machine, an inrunner induction state machine, and an outrunner induction state machine. The state machine may include at least one of a polyphase switched reluctance motor (SRM) and a polyphase reluctance generator. In some implementations, the SRM includes a three-phase SRM and a three-phase generator. The state machine may include one of a single stator reluctance state machine, a single stator dual coil reluctance state machine, an inrunner reluctance state machine, an outrunner dual rotary luctance state machine, an outrunner single rotary luctance state machine, a zero gradient flux dual stator state machine, and a zero gradient flux outrunner state machine.

[0013] The state machine is configured to operate as a motor-generator. The state machine may include and / or interface with an energy storage element configured to release magnetic and / or electrical stored energy based on the angular position of the rotor assembly. The magnetic stored energy may be stored in at least one transformer. The electrical stored energy may be stored in at least one capacitor.

[0014] The stator assembly can be arranged to generate an electrical signal in response to a rotating magnetic field generated by rotation of the rotor assembly. When the state machine functions as a reluctance generator, the controller is further arranged to: i) receive second sensor data from a second sensor, the second sensor data including a rotational speed of the rotor assembly; and ii) reverse the excitation circuit for each phase of the stator to generate an electrical signal based on the rotational speed of the rotor assembly and the angular position of the rotor.

[0015] When the state machine functions as an induction generator, the controller may be further configured to: i) receive second sensor data from a second sensor, the second sensor data including a rotational speed of the rotor assembly; and ii) trigger each phase of the stator assembly to generate an electrical signal in advance of an angular position of the rotor assembly associated with each phase. The electrical signal may be an AC signal. The state machine may include an AC-to-DC inverter arranged to convert the AC signal to a DC signal. The state machine system may include a power storage device and / or power source including one or more batteries configured to receive the DC signal and store electrical energy based on the received DC signal.

[0016] Another aspect includes a method for operating a state machine having a stator assembly arranged to generate a rotating electromagnetic field in response to control signals, and a rotor assembly positioned adjacent to the stator assembly and arranged to rotate in response to the rotating electromagnetic field, the method including detecting an angular position of the rotor assembly via a sensor, outputting sensor data by the sensor based on the angular position of the rotor assembly, and receiving the sensor data and adjusting a control signal based on the angular position of the rotor assembly to adjust a torque associated with the rotor assembly when the state machine functions as a motor, or to adjust a power output from the stator assembly when the state machine functions as a generator.

[0017] In a further aspect, an electric vehicle (EV) includes a power storage device including at least one battery, the power storage device configured to output stored energy as an output DC electrical signal. The EV has a state machine including a stator assembly configured to generate a rotating electromagnetic field in response to a control signal and a rotor assembly positioned adjacent to the stator assembly and configured to rotate in response to the rotating electromagnetic field. A first sensor is configured to detect an angular position of the rotor assembly and output first sensor data based on the angular position of the rotor assembly. A controller is configured to receive the first sensor data and adjust the control signal based on the angular position of the rotor assembly to adjust a torque associated with the rotor assembly when the state machine functions as a motor or to adjust a power output from the stator assembly when the state machine functions as a generator, the power output comprising an AC electrical signal. The EV also includes a DC / AC inverter configured to convert the output DC electrical signal from the power storage device into the control signal. The EV further includes an AC / DC converter configured to convert the AC electrical signal into an input DC electrical signal transmitted to the power storage device.

[0018] Any two or more of the features described herein, including in the Summary section herein, may be combined to form an implementation not specifically described herein. Additionally, although reference may be made herein to examples of systems, methods, and devices related to electric motors, such techniques apply to generators as well.

[0019] The details of one or more implementations are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0020] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a state machine system. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 illustrates a computer system implemented for use in a state machine controller. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a motor control system including an inductive energy storage device. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a motor control system including an electrical energy storage device. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a single stator reluctance state machine. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a single stator dual coil reluctance state machine. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 illustrates an inrunner reluctance state machine. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 illustrates an outrunner dual rotary reluctance state machine. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 illustrates an outrunner single rotary luctance state machine. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 illustrates a zero-gradient flux dual stator state machine. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 illustrates a zero-gradient flux outrunner state machine. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 illustrates a single stator induction state machine. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 illustrates an inrunner guidance state machine. [Figure 14] FIG. 1 illustrates an outrunner guidance state machine. [Figure 15] FIG. 1 illustrates a process for operating a reluctance and / or inductance motor. [Figure 16] FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of an electromagnet in a reluctance state machine such as that shown in FIGS. 5-14. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0021] Like reference numbers indicate like elements in different figures.

[0022] The present application addresses shortcomings associated with existing electric motors and / or generators in various implementations. The present application describes exemplary systems, methods, and devices for providing sufficient power and / or torque to a drive shaft for proper operation, for example, in an EV. The exemplary induction and / or reluctance motor and / or generator systems, methods, and devices can provide rare-earth metal-free implementations without sacrificing performance relative to other types of motors that use rare-earth metals, such as DC motors. The exemplary systems and techniques described herein implement state-of-the-art, low-cost electrical state machines in an axial flux configuration. The state machines utilize either reluctance or inductance phenomena. Both reluctance and inductance state machines can operate as motors or generators. The state machines are potentially suitable for numerous applications, including, but not limited to, electric vehicles, marine transportation, aviation, thermostats, fans, wind power generation, power tools, mixers, pumps, and hydroelectric power generation.

[0023] 1 is a block diagram of a state machine system 100. The state machine system 100 includes a state machine controller 102. The controller 102 may include a processor and / or computer system 110. The system 100 may also include a power source and / or power storage device 108, which may comprise, for example, one or more batteries capable of receiving and storing electrical energy when the motor-generator 104 is operating as a generator or outputting a torque output when the motor-generator 104 is operating as a motor. The system 100 may include one or more sensors 106 configured to sense one or more conditions related to the motor-generator 104, such as, but not limited to, the rotational speed of a rotor assembly of the motor-generator 104, the angular position of the rotor assembly of the motor-generator 104, the temperature of the motor-generator 104, the output or input current of the motor-generator 104, and / or the voltage of the motor-generator 104. The controller 102 may utilize a processor 110 to receive sensor data from the one or more sensors 106 and control one or more operations of the motor-generator 104 based on the sensor data. Further details regarding processor 110 are described later in this specification with respect to FIG.

[0024] The state machine system 100 may include a stator assembly arranged to generate a rotating electromagnetic field in response to a control signal. As previously described, the rotating EM field is based on a control signal, including an AC signal applied to stator windings for an induction motor. In an SRM, the rotating EM field may be based on an excitation signal and / or a trigger signal, for example, comprising a voltage PWM signal applied to the stator windings under control of the controller 102 based on feedback from sensors 106 in a manner that induces rotation of the rotor assembly. The system 100 may also include a rotor assembly positioned adjacent to the stator assembly and arranged to rotate in response to the rotating electromagnetic field. In some implementations, the controller 102 implements an SRM trigger control technique that affects changes in inductance and resistance related to the position of the rotor assembly relative to the rotor assembly 504, resulting in a variable inductance time constant. The controller 102 may adjust the trigger energization and de-energization for each phase to enable maximum torque and / or power output while preventing the rotor assembly 504 from aligning with the energized phases of the stator assembly 502 (see FIG. 5). Depending on the speed of the rotor assembly 504, the controller 102 may adjust the trigger to enable a desired torque and / or power output and / or acceleration or deceleration of the rotor assembly 504. Such a phenomenon regarding the Heaviside timing and trigger control by the controller 102 may be referred to as phase trigger advance or retard.

[0025] One or more sensors 106 may be arranged to detect, among other conditions, an angular position of a rotor assembly of the motor-generator 104 and output sensor data based on the angular position of the rotor assembly. The controller 102 may be arranged to receive the sensor data and adjust a control signal based on the angular position of the rotor assembly to adjust torque associated with the rotor assembly when the state machine system 100 functions as a motor, or to adjust power output from the stator assembly when the state machine system 100 functions as a generator. The one or more sensors may be arranged to detect one or more additional states of the state machine 100, including, for example, rotor assembly speed, stator current, stator voltage, and state machine temperature. The controller 102 may be configured to adjust the control signal, and thereby adjust operation of the motor-generator 104, based on the sensor data associated with the plurality of detected states of the motor-generator 104.

[0026] Various implementations of the system 100 and rotor-stator configuration eliminate the need for rare earth magnets and copper conductors, for example, in the motor-generator 104. However, rare earth magnets and / or copper conductors can still be utilized to increase the performance of the motor-generator 104. However, differences in the motor-generator 104 relative to conventional systems include the use of reluctance and inductance to generate torque or power. The inventive systems, devices, and methods described herein include electromagnets suitable for integration into electric motors and / or generators with magnetic flux characteristics comparable to rare earth magnets. Magnetic circuits including the inventive electromagnets utilize low-cost, readily available alloy steels, such as, but not limited to, stainless steel, duplex stainless steel, maraging steel, carbon steel, vanadium, high-speed steel, titanium, molybdenum-iron, HSLA steel, Alloy 20, manganese-iron, nickel-iron, chromium steel, chromium-vanadium steel, electrical steel, damask steel, AL-6XN, spring steel, bulln steel, ANSI 4145, microalloy steel, and molybdenum. The aforementioned components can be packaged to optimize the magnetic flux path for each phase, resulting in reduced power consumption and increased torque. In various implementations, for example, heat generation in the motor-generator 104 is significantly improved due to the electromagnet geometry and method of electrical excitation. Figures 5-14 show example rotor-stator assembly geometries associated with reluctance and inductance motor-generators, which are described in more detail later in this specification.

[0027] 2 illustrates a diagram of a processor and / or computer system 200 that may be implemented, for example, within state machine 102. Processor system 200 could also represent a processing system within a motor and / or generator controller, for example, processor 110 of state machine controller 102, as illustrated in FIG. 1. Processor and / or computer system 200 may include a microcontroller, a processor, a system-on-chip (SoC), a client device, and / or a physical computing device, and may include hardware and / or virtual processors. In some implementations, processor system 200 and its elements as illustrated in FIG. 2 each relate to physical hardware; in some implementations, one, more, or all of these elements could be implemented using an emulator or virtual machine. Regardless, processor system 200 may be implemented on physical hardware.

[0028] 2 , the processor system 200 may include a user interface 212 having, for example, a keyboard, keypad, touchpad, or sensor reader (e.g., a biometric scanner), and one or more output devices, such as a display, a speaker for audio, an LED indicator, and / or a light indicator. The processor and / or computer system 200 may also include a communication interface 210, such as a network communication unit, which may include wired and / or wireless communication components, that may be communicatively coupled to one or more components of the controller 102. The network communication unit may utilize any of a variety of proprietary or standardized network protocols, such as Ethernet, TCP / IP, to name a few, among many, to enable communication between the processor 202 and another device, network, or system. The network communication unit may also include one or more transceivers that utilize Ethernet, power line communication (PLC), Wi-Fi, cellular, and / or other communication methods.

[0029] The processor and / or computer system 200 may comprise processing elements, such as a controller and / or processor 202, including one or more hardware processors, each of which may have a single or multiple processor cores. In one implementation, the processor 202 comprises at least one shared cache that stores data (e.g., operational instructions) utilized by one or more other components of the processor 202. For example, the shared cache may be a local cache data stored in memory for faster access by components of the processing elements that make up the processor 202. Examples of processors include, but are not limited to, central processing units (CPUs) and / or microprocessors. The controller and / or processor 202 may utilize computer architectures based on, but not limited to, the Intel® 8051 architecture, Motorola® 68HCX, Intel® 80X86, and the like. The processor 202 may comprise, but is not limited to, an 8-bit, 12-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, or 64-bit architecture. Although not illustrated in FIG. 2, the processing elements making up processor 202 may also include one or more other types of hardware processing components, such as a graphics processing unit (GPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and / or a digital signal processor (DSP).

[0030] FIG. 2 illustrates that memory 204 may be operatively and communicatively coupled to processor 202. Memory 204 may be a non-transitory medium configured to store various types of data. For example, memory 204 may include one or more storage devices 208, including non-volatile storage devices and / or volatile memory. Volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM), may be any suitable non-permanent storage device. Non-volatile storage device 208 may include one or more disk drives, optical drives, solid-state drives (SSDs), tape drives, flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), and / or any other type of memory designed to retain data for a certain period of time after a power loss or shutdown operation. In some configurations, non-volatile storage device 208 may be used to store overflow data when allocated RAM is not large enough to hold all working data. Non-volatile storage device 208 may also be used to store programs loaded into RAM when such programs are selected for execution. The data store and / or storage device 208 may be arranged to store a plurality of motor control instruction programs related to operating motors. Such control instruction programs may include instructions for the controller and / or processor 202 to operate, regulate the speed of, start, or stop one or more motors 104 and / or 21 (e.g., traction motors for an electric vehicle).

[0031] Those skilled in the art will recognize that software programs may be developed, coded, and compiled in a variety of computing languages for a variety of software platforms and / or operating systems, and then loaded and executed by processor 202. In one implementation, the software program compilation process may convert program code written in a programming language into another computer language so that processor 202 can execute the programming code. For example, the software program compilation process may generate an executable program that provides coded instructions (e.g., machine code instructions) for processor 202 to perform a specific, non-general-purpose computing function.

[0032] After the compilation process, the encoded instructions may be loaded as computer-executable instructions or process steps from storage device 208, from memory 204 into processor 202, and / or embedded within processor 202 (e.g., via cache or on-board ROM). Processor 202 may be configured to execute the stored instructions or process steps to perform instructions or process steps to transform processor and / or computer system 200 into a non-general-purpose, specific, specially programmed machine or apparatus. Stored data, e.g., data stored by data store and / or storage device 208, may be accessed by processor 202 during execution of computer-executable instructions or process steps that instruct one or more components within processor system 200 and / or other components or devices external to system 200.

[0033] The user interface 212 may include a display, a positional input device (e.g., a mouse, touchpad, touchscreen, or the like), a keyboard, a keypad, one or more buttons, or other forms of user input and output devices. The user interface components may be communicatively coupled to the processor 202. When the user interface output device is or includes a display, the display may be implemented in various manners, including a liquid crystal display (LCD), a cathode ray tube (CRT), or a light emitting diode (LED) display, such as an OLED display. The sensors 206 may include one or more sensors that detect and / or monitor conditions in or around the system 200 and / or in or around a motor, such as motors 104 and / or 214. The conditions may include, but are not limited to, rotation, rotational speed, and / or movement of a device or component (e.g., a motor), temperature, pressure, current, position of the device or component (e.g., angular position of a rotor). Those skilled in the art will recognize that an electronic processing system, such as system 200, may include other components well known in the art, such as a power supply, e.g., power supply 108, and / or an analog-to-digital converter, not explicitly shown in FIG. 2.

[0034] In some implementations, the processor and / or computer system 200 and / or processor 202 includes a SoC having multiple hardware components, including but not limited to: a microcontroller, microprocessor, or digital signal processor (DSP) core, and / or a multiprocessor SoC (MPSoC) having multiple processor cores; memory blocks including a selection of read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electronically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and flash memory; a timing source including an oscillator and a phase-locked loop; Peripherals including counter timers, real-time timers, and power-on reset generators; External interfaces, including industry standards such as Universal Serial Bus (USB), FireWire, Ethernet, Universal Synchronous / Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter (USART), and Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Analog interfaces, including analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs), and Voltage regulators and power management circuits, Includes:

[0035] An SoC includes both the hardware described above and software that controls the microcontroller, microprocessor, and / or DSP cores, peripherals, and interfaces. Most SoCs are developed from pre-qualified hardware blocks for the hardware elements (e.g., referred to as modules or components representing IP cores or blocks) along with software drivers that control their operation. The above listing of hardware elements is not exhaustive. An SoC may include protocol stacks that drive industry-standard interfaces such as Universal Serial Bus (USB).

[0036] After the overall architecture of an SoC is defined, individual hardware elements can be described in an abstract language called RTL, which stands for Register Transfer Level. RTL is used to define the circuit's behavior. Hardware elements are connected together using the same RTL language to create the complete SoC design. In digital circuit design, RTL is a design abstraction that models synchronous digital circuits in terms of the flow of digital signals (data) between hardware registers and the logical operations performed on those signals. RTL abstraction is used in hardware description languages (HDLs) such as Verilog and VHDL to create high-level representations of circuits from which lower-level representations and ultimately the actual wiring can be derived. Designing at the RTL level is a common technique in modern digital design. Verilog, standardized as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1364, is an HDL used to model electronic systems. Verilog is most commonly used in the design and verification of digital circuits at the RTL level of abstraction. Verilog can also be used in the verification of analog and mixed-signal circuits, and even in the design of genetic circuits. In some implementations, various components of the processor system 200 are implemented on a printed circuit board (PCB).

[0037] Pulsed Heaviside Timing and Trigger Controller The systems, methods, and devices described herein include reluctance and inductance state machines that utilize unique geometries and flux-generating components. In various implementations, a state machine controller, such as controller 102, is configured and / or operates to complement and optimize the performance of a reluctance / inductance state machine, such as state machine system 100.

[0038] Reluctance / inductance state machines can generate mechanical output (torque) or electrical output (power), depending on the application of the state machine.

[0039] Traditionally, reluctance state machines operating as motors are notoriously difficult to control due to a phenomenon known as torque ripple, which is the difference between the maximum and minimum torque during one revolution. Torque ripple can result in vibrations and audible noise during motor operation.

[0040] Pulse Heaviside Timing and Trigger Controller, Magnetic Field Energy Storage Configuration (MFESC) 3 shows a schematic diagram of a motor control system 300 including an inductive energy storage device, in which the controller 102 and / or control system 300 operates a pulse Heaviside timing and trigger controller using an MFESC to compensate for torque ripple. System 300 may be coupled to each phase of a motor stator, such as stator windings 318, 320, and 322. System 300 may include sensors 324, 326, and 328 positioned to detect motor conditions, such as the rotational speed of the rotor assembly, the angular position of the rotor assembly, and / or the temperature of the motor. Processor 304 and / or processor 110 may control switches 306, 308, and 310, each in electrical communication with corresponding stator windings 318, 320, and 322 and transformers 312, 314, and 316. When the corresponding switch 306, 308, and / or 310 is closed, the power supply 302 provides a control signal comprising an electrical signal to the transformers 312, 314, and 316, respectively, to store magnetic energy in their primary windings. When the corresponding switch 306, 308, and / or 310 is opened, the magnetic field within the transformer 312, 314, or 316 collapses, and current is discharged from the secondary winding to the corresponding stator winding 318, 320, and 322.

[0041] Processor 304 and / or 110 receives sensor data from sensors 324, 326, and 328 and, based on the sensor data, controls the operation of switches 312, 314, and 316 to determine when additional current should be supplied to each stator winding 318, 320, and 322. Although not shown in FIG. 3 , processor 304 and / or 110 may also control aspects of the control signal from power supply 302 to adjust its frequency and thereby the rotational speed of the rotor assembly. The operating principle of MFESC pulse Heaviside timing and triggering controller 300 is the storage of electrical energy in the primary coil of a step-down transformer, such as transformers 312, 314, and 316. The energy stored in the primary coil takes the form of a magnetic field. When current to the primary coil of step-down transformer 312, 314, or 316 is interrupted by opening switch 310, 308, or 306, the magnetic field collapses, inducing a large current and voltage in the secondary coil of the step-down transformer. The induced electrical energy in the secondary coil is directed to one of the three phases of the reluctance motor via stator windings 318, 320, and 322. The release of the stored magnetic energy is triggered by the rotor's angular position, detected via sensors 324, 326, and / or 328. When the rotor assembly reaches a predetermined angular position, current to the primary coil is interrupted, i.e., switch 310, 308, or 310 is opened, energizing the corresponding motor phase winding 318, 320, and 322, resulting in the generation of magnetic flux. This magnetic flux generation results in torque that drives the rotor assembly to rotate. Such techniques can reduce torque ripple by providing a boost of electrical energy when excitation drops due to the angular position of the rotor during rotation.

[0042] Pulse Heaviside Timing and Trigger Controller, Field Energy Storage Configuration (EFESC) FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a motor control system 400 including an electrical energy storage device, in which the controller 102 and / or control system 400 operates a pulse Heaviside timing and triggering controller using EFESC to compensate for torque ripple. The system 400 may be coupled to each phase of a motor stator, such as stator windings 418, 420, and 422. The system 400 may include sensors 424, 426, and 428 positioned to detect motor conditions, such as the rotational speed of the rotor assembly, the angular position of the rotor assembly, and / or the temperature of the motor. The processor 404 and / or processor 110 may control switches 406, 408, and 410, which are in electrical communication with corresponding stator windings 418, 420, and 422 and capacitors 412, 414, and 416, respectively. The operating principle of the EFESC pulse Heaviside timing and triggering controller 404 and / or 110 is the storage of electrical energy in a capacitor. Energy stored in capacitors, e.g., capacitors 412, 414, and 416, takes the form of an electric field. When a capacitor, e.g., capacitor 412, is triggered, a large pulse of current and voltage is directed to one of the three phases of the reluctance motor, e.g., motor phase winding 418. The release of the stored electrical energy is triggered by processor 404 and / or 110 opening switch 410 based on the rotor's angular position. When the rotor reaches a predetermined angular position, switch 410 is opened by processor 404, discharging capacitor 412 and thereby energizing motor phase winding 418 and generating magnetic flux. This magnetic flux generation results in torque that drives the rotor assembly. Such a technique can reduce torque ripple by providing a boost of electrical energy when excitation is reduced due to the rotor's angular position during rotation.

[0043] Pulse Heaviside Timing and Trigger Controller, Non-Sinusoidal Rotating Magnetic Field Inductance motors operate on the principle of a rotating magnetic field. As the magnetic field rotates, the rotor attempts to self-align with the rotating field, resulting in rotation. Typically, this is achieved by utilizing a sinusoidal input to each phase, with the current & voltage alternating between positive and negative values, resulting in a rotating magnetic field. The inventive systems, devices, and methods herein include techniques for generating a rotating magnetic field using a DC input, where each half-phase is excited either negatively or positively, resulting in a rotating magnetic field.

[0044] Pulse Heaviside Timing and Trigger Controller, Torque Optimization Algorithm (TOA) In a reluctance motor, a controller such as controller 102 may implement TOA to adjust the excitation of each phase based on rotor position, rotor speed, mechanical load, and / or heat generation. The aforementioned inputs are monitored via sensors such as sensor 106, which outputs corresponding sensor data. Controller 102 may generate optimal output excitation for each phase based on the sensor data. In an induction motor, controller 102 implementing TOA adjusts the rotating magnetic field by monitoring rotor speed and position, resulting in torque generation.

[0045] Pulse Heaviside Timing and Trigger Controller, Power Generation Optimization Algorithm (PGOA) In a reluctance generator, the controller 102 may implement a PGOA in which sensors 106 detect and / or monitor the speed and position of the rotor assembly, and the controller 102 controls the reversal of the excitation circuit for each phase to enable current generation based on sensor data from the sensors 106. The output can be filtered with an external DC / DC conditioner to provide the desired DC power to an energy storage device, such as the power storage device 108. For DC generation, an AC / DC inverter may be implemented. The mechanical input required to rotate a reluctance generator tends to be nonlinear, with significant speed fluctuations. The controller 102 implementing the PGOA algorithm can closely monitor the internal temperature via sensor data from the sensors 106 and then adjust the output as needed to prevent the generator from overheating. In an inductance generator, the controller 102 implementing the PGOA can monitor the rotor speed and position via sensor data from the sensors 106 and trigger each phase in advance of the rotor assembly position, resulting in current generation. The output can be filtered with an external DC / DC conditioner to provide the desired DC power to an energy storage device, such as power storage device 108. For DC power generation, an AC / DC inverter can be implemented. The mechanical input power required to rotate an inductance generator tends to be nonlinear, with significant speed variations.

[0046] The controller 102, which implements the PGOA algorithm, can closely monitor the internal temperature based on sensor data from the sensors 106 and adjust the output as needed to prevent the generator from overheating.

[0047] Depending on the speed of the rotor assembly, the energization of the motor phases may require timing advance or retard. As the speed of the rotor assembly increases, the electrical energy exciting the motor phases may need to be increased in intensity and reduced in duration, e.g., by the controller 102. As the speed of the rotor assembly decreases, the electrical energy exciting the motor phases may need to be decreased in intensity and increased in duration, e.g., by the controller 102. In some implementations, the controller 102 may modulate the intensity and duration of the energy based on the requirements of the motor phases. Controlling the intensity and duration of the phase excitation may also be used to balance the phases and mitigate vibration and noise resulting from torque ripple.

[0048] Traditionally, this type of control strategy has been used for ignition timing in combustion engine applications for over 50 years. By utilizing capacitance or inductance, battery voltage is amplified by many orders of magnitude to ignite the combustion gases in the cylinder at the top dead center of the compression stroke. In various implementations, the controller 102 can implement this type of control technique, with the difference being the amplification of current rather than voltage. The amplified current is then used to generate magnetic flux in the motor's electromagnets. The motor control techniques described above improve motor operation by reducing the complexity of the power timing and control circuits, reducing motor power consumption, improving the motor's temperature profile (i.e., reducing heat generation), reducing mean time to repair (MTTR), and reducing mean down time (MDT).

[0049] 5-14 illustrate exemplary rotor-stator assembly geometries for reluctance and inductance motor-generators that enable generators with increased torque and power generation capacity, with or without the use of rare earth metals.

[0050] FIG. 5 shows an exploded view of a single stator reluctance state machine 500 comprising a stator assembly 502 having six motor winding poles 508 (i.e., three poles), a rotor assembly 504 including four poles 510, and a cover 506.

[0051] 6 shows an exploded view of a single stator dual coil reluctance state machine 600 comprising six coil assemblies, e.g., stator poles 602, and a rotor assembly 604 surrounded by a stator support 606. The stator has six poles 602, each with two coils.

[0052] FIG. 7 shows an inrunner reluctance state machine 700 including a rotor assembly 704 surrounded by a stator assembly 702 and a stator assembly 706 .

[0053] 8 shows an outrunner dual rotary reluctance state machine 800 that includes a stator assembly 804 surrounded on opposite sides by a rotor assembly 802 and a rotor assembly 806. The outrunner configuration has two outwardly facing rotors 802 and 806 mechanically connected along the axis of rotation, and an omphalos stator 804.

[0054] Figure 9 shows an outrunner single rotary reluctance state machine 900 that includes a stator assembly 902 adjacent to a rotor assembly 904. The outrunner configuration has two outward-facing rotors mechanically connected along the axis of rotation, and an omphalos stator 902. The stator 902 has six poles, each with two coils.

[0055] 10 shows a zero-gradient flux dual stator state machine 1000 comprising a stator assembly 1004, a rotor assembly 1002, and a cover 1006. The inrunner configuration has two outward facing stators mechanically connected along the axis of rotation and an omphalos rotor 1002.

[0056] Figure 11 shows a zero-gradient flux outrunner state machine 1100 comprising a stator assembly 1102 and a rotor assembly 1104. The inrunner configuration has two outward-facing rotors mechanically connected along the axis of rotation, and an omphalos stator. The stator 1102 has six poles, each with two coils symmetrical along the centerline of the stator 1102.

[0057] 12 shows a single stator inductive state machine 1200 comprising a stator assembly 1202, a rotor assembly 1204, and a cover 1206. The rotor 1204 has an inductor bar assembly encased in magnetic steel.

[0058] Figure 13 shows an inrunner induction state machine 1300 that includes a rotor assembly 1304 surrounded on opposite sides by a stator assembly 1302 and a stator assembly 1306. The inrunner configuration has two outward facing stators 1302 and 1306, and an omphalos rotor 1304. The rotor 1304 has two electrically isolated inductor bar assemblies encased in magnetic steel.

[0059] Figure 14 shows an outrunner induction state machine 1400 that includes a rotor assembly 1402 and a stator assembly 1404 surrounded by a rotor assembly 1406. The outrunner configuration has two outward rotors 1402 and 1406 mechanically connected along the axis of rotation, and an omphalos stator 1404. Each outward rotor 1402 and 1404 has an inductor bar assembly encased in magnetic steel.

[0060] 15 shows a process 1500 for operating a reluctance and / or inductance motor. Process 1500 includes detecting the angular position of a rotor assembly, such as rotor assembly 504 or 1204, via a sensor, such as sensor 106 (step 1502). Sensor 106 outputs sensor data based on the angular position of rotor assembly 504 or 1204 (step 1504). The sensor data is then received by a controller, such as controller 102, and a control signal is adjusted based on the angular position of rotor assembly 504 or 1204 (step 1506) to adjust the torque associated with rotor assembly 504 or 1204 when state machine 500 or 1200 functions as a motor, or to adjust the output from the stator assembly when state machine 500 or 1200 functions as a generator.

[0061] Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view of an electromagnet 1600 within a reluctance state machine, such as reluctance state machine 500 of Figure 4. Electromagnet 1600 may be implemented within one or more of poles 508 or stator assembly 502.

[0062] The electromagnet 1600 may include multiple conductor loops 1602 wound around a metal core 1604. The core 1604 may include a metal such as steel, 10x19 steel, M-19 electrical steel, and / or other magnetic core material. In various implementations, heat generation of an electrical state machine and / or motor, such as the reluctance state machine 500, is significantly improved due to the geometry of the electromagnet 1600 and the control of the electrical excitation by, for example, the controller 102.

[0063] Controlling heat generation resulting from motor operation is addressed in several ways. First, the vertical and horizontal placement of all conductor loops 1602 within a coil 1606 is geometrically defined with respect to a local Cartesian coordinate system. This ensures defined, repeatable thermal characteristics for every coil 1606. Second, there are no internal air gaps between the conductors 1602 within a coil 1606. This results in internal conductive heat paths versus a mix of conductive and convective heat paths. Third, the geometry of the axial-flux SRM provides a shortened, direct path for generated heat to reach the surrounding air and be removed via convection.

[0064] Additionally, turbulence resulting from the rotation of the rotor, e.g., rotor assembly 504, induces forced convection in the heat-generating geometry of coil 1606. Heated air can be exhausted from the interior of the motor, e.g., state machine 500. Finally, heat generation is controlled by controller 102, e.g., using Heaviside timing and triggering programs and / or functions. Heat generation within an electric motor, e.g., state machine 500, is a form of input energy not used for torque / power generation and is otherwise referred to as motor inefficiency. Heaviside timing and triggering control algorithms and / or programs executed by controller 102 closely monitor heat generation resulting from motor operation. Except for intermediate conditions where maximum torque / power generation is required by the operator, heat generation has an upper limit set by controller 102. In some implementations, controller 102 adjusts motor control signals based on the angular position of the rotor assembly and the detected temperature of the motor to adjust the torque associated with the rotor assembly, e.g., rotor assembly 504, to prevent the motor temperature from exceeding an upper temperature limit and / or threshold. The temperature upper limit and / or limit values may be preset in memory, and the controller 102 may compare the sensed motor temperature with the stored temperature limit values to determine how close the motor temperature is to the limit value and adjust the motor control signals accordingly to prevent an overheating condition.

[0065] Elements or steps of different implementations described herein may be combined to form other implementations not specifically mentioned above. Elements or steps may be removed from previously described systems or processes without adversely affecting their operation or the operation of the system as a whole. Furthermore, various separate elements or steps may be combined into one or more individual elements or steps to perform the functions described herein.

[0066] Other implementations not specifically described herein are within the scope of the following claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0067] 100 State Machine Systems 102 State Machine Controller 104 Motor Generator 106 Sensors 108 Power Sources and / or Power Storage Devices 110 Processor and / or Computer System 200 Processors and / or Computer Systems 202 processors 204 memory 206 Sensors 208 Storage Devices 210 Communication Interface 212 User Interface 300 Control System 302 Power supply 304 processor 306, 308, and 310 switches 312, 314, and 316 transformers 318, 320, and 322 stator windings 324, 326, and 328 sensors 400 Motor Control System 406, 408, and 410 switches 412, 414, and 416 capacitors 418, 420, and 422 stator windings 424, 426, and 428 sensors 500 Single Stator Reluctance State Machine 502 stator assembly 504 rotor assembly 506 Cover 508 Motor winding pole 510 poles 600 Single Stator Dual Coil Reluctance State Machine 602 stator pole 604 rotor assembly 606 Stator support 700 Inrunner Reluctance State Machine 702 Stator Assembly 704 rotor assembly 706 Stator Assembly 800 Outrunner Dual Rotary Luctance State Machine 802 rotor assembly 804 Stator Assembly 806 rotor assembly 900 Outrunner Single Rotary Luctance State Machine 902 Stator Assembly 902 Omphalos Stator 904 rotor assembly 1000 Zero Gradient Flux Dual Stator State Machine 1002 rotor assembly 1002 Omphalos Rotor 1004 stator assembly 1006 Cover 1100 Zero Gradient Flux Outrunner State Machine 1102 Stator Assembly 1104 rotor assembly 1200 Single Stator Induction State Machine 1202 Stator Assembly 1204 rotor assembly 1206 Cover 1300 Inrunner Guidance State Machine 1302 Stator Assembly 1304 rotor assembly 1306 Stator Assembly 1400 Outrunner Guidance State Machine 1402 rotor assembly 1404 Stator Assembly 1406 rotor assembly 1500 processes 1600 Electromagnet 1602 Conductor Loop 1604 Metal Core 1606 Coil

Claims

1. An axial magnetic flux switch reluctance motor, A stator assembly arranged to generate a rotating electromagnetic field in response to a control signal, wherein the stator assembly includes a plurality of stator poles, each of which includes a coil winding perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor assembly. A rotor assembly is positioned adjacent to the stator assembly and arranged to rotate around the axis of rotation in response to the rotating electromagnetic field. A first sensor is arranged to detect the angular position of the rotor assembly and output first sensor data based on the angular position of the rotor assembly, A controller comprising a processor, a plurality of capacitors electrically connected to each of the plurality of stator poles, and a plurality of switches electrically connected to each of the plurality of capacitors, wherein the plurality of switches are controllable by the processor, Equipped with, When a given switch among the plurality of switches is controlled to be closed by the processor, the control signal, which includes an electrical signal, is supplied to the corresponding capacitor among the plurality of capacitors to store electrical energy. When the given switch is controlled by the processor to be opened, current is discharged from the capacitor to the corresponding coils of the plurality of stator poles. An axial flux-switched reluctance motor, wherein the controller is configured to receive the first sensor data and adjust the control signal based on the angular position of the rotor assembly to adjust the rotational speed of the rotor assembly.

2. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 1, wherein the controller is connected to each phase of the axial flux switch reluctance motor and is electrically connected in series with respect to one phase, the given switch, the corresponding capacitor, and the corresponding coil.

3. The second switch among the plurality of switches, the second capacitor among the plurality of capacitors, and the second coil of the plurality of stator poles are electrically connected in series with respect to each other. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 2, wherein the third switch among the plurality of switches, the third capacitor among the plurality of capacitors, and the third coil of the plurality of stator poles are electrically connected in series with respect to each other.

4. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 1, further comprising a second sensor arranged to detect one or more motor states, the one or more motor states including one or more of rotor assembly speed, stator current, stator voltage, and state mechanical temperature, the second sensor outputs second sensor data corresponding to the one or more state mechanical conditions, and the controller is further arranged to receive the second sensor data and adjust the control signal based on the second sensor data.

5. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 1, wherein the control signal includes at least one of a pulse width modulated waveform and a square waveform.

6. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 1, wherein the controller adjusts the rotational speed of the rotor assembly by adjusting the frequency associated with the control signal and adjusting the voltage of the control signal.

7. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 1, wherein the axial flux switch reluctance motor is a multiphase switch reluctance motor (SRM).

8. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 7, wherein the axial flux switch reluctance motor is configured as one of a single stator reluctance motor, a single stator dual coil reluctance motor, an in-runner reluctance motor, an out-runner dual rotary reluctance motor, an out-runner single rotary reluctance motor, a zero-gradient flux dual motor, and a zero-gradient flux out-runner motor.

9. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 1, wherein the motor is configured to operate as a motor generator.

10. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 1, wherein the rotor assembly and the stator assembly do not include rare earth magnets.

11. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 1, further comprising an AC / DC inverter configured to convert an AC signal to a DC input signal.

12. The axial magnetic flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 11, comprising a power supply, the power supply storing electrical energy and outputting the stored energy as an output DC electrical signal to generate the DC input signal.

13. A method for operating an axial flux switch reluctance motor comprising: a stator assembly arranged to generate a rotating electromagnetic field in response to a control signal; and a rotor assembly positioned adjacent to the stator assembly and arranged to rotate in response to the rotating electromagnetic field, wherein the stator assembly includes a plurality of salient pole stator poles, each of the plurality of salient pole stator poles including a coil winding perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor assembly, The controller for controlling the axial flux switch reluctance motor comprises a processor, a plurality of capacitors electrically connected to each of the plurality of stator poles, and a plurality of switches electrically connected to each of the plurality of capacitors, wherein the plurality of switches are controllable by the processor, and the method for operating the axial flux switch reluctance motor is: When a given switch among the plurality of switches is controlled to be closed by the processor, the control signal including an electrical signal is provided to the corresponding capacitor among the plurality of capacitors to store electrical energy. When the given switch is controlled by the processor to be opened, the steps include: discharging current from the corresponding capacitor to the corresponding coils of the plurality of stator poles; The steps include detecting the angular position of the rotor assembly via a sensor, The steps include outputting sensor data from the sensor based on the angular position of the rotor assembly, The steps include receiving the sensor data, adjusting the control signal based on the angular position of the rotor assembly, and adjusting the rotational speed of the rotor assembly, A method for operating an axial flux switch reluctance motor, which includes [a specific component / feature].

14. A method for operating an axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 13, wherein the controller is connected to each phase of the axial flux switch reluctance motor and is electrically connected in series with respect to one phase, the given switch, the corresponding capacitor, and the corresponding coil.

15. The second switch among the plurality of switches, the second capacitor among the plurality of capacitors, and the second coil of the plurality of stator poles are electrically connected in series with respect to each other. A method for operating an axial magnetic flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 14, wherein the third switch among the plurality of switches, the third capacitor among the plurality of capacitors, and the third coil of the plurality of stator poles are electrically connected in series with respect to each other.

16. A method for operating the axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 13, wherein the rotor assembly and the stator assembly do not include rare earth magnets.

17. It is an electric vehicle, A power storage device comprising at least one battery, wherein the power storage device is configured to output the stored energy as an output DC electrical signal, An axial magnetic flux switch reluctance motor, A stator assembly arranged to generate a rotating electromagnetic field in response to a control signal, the stator assembly comprising a plurality of salient pole stator poles, each of which comprises a coil winding perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor assembly, A rotor assembly is positioned adjacent to the stator assembly and arranged to rotate around the axis of rotation in response to the rotating electromagnetic field. A first sensor is arranged to detect the angular position of the rotor assembly and output first sensor data based on the angular position of the rotor assembly, A controller comprising a processor, a plurality of capacitors electrically connected to each of the plurality of stator poles, and a plurality of switches electrically connected to each of the plurality of capacitors, wherein the plurality of switches are controllable by the processor, Equipped with, When a given switch among the plurality of switches is controlled by the processor to be closed, the control signal, which includes an electrical signal, is supplied to the corresponding capacitor among the plurality of capacitors to store electrical energy in the corresponding capacitor. When the given switch is controlled by the processor to be opened, current is discharged from the corresponding capacitor to the corresponding coils of the plurality of stator poles. An electric vehicle comprising an axial flux switch reluctance motor, wherein the controller is configured to receive the first sensor data and adjust the control signal based on the angular position of the rotor assembly to adjust the rotational speed of the rotor assembly.

18. The electric vehicle according to claim 17, wherein the controller is connected to each phase of the axial flux switch reluctance motor and is electrically connected in series with respect to one phase, the given switch, the corresponding capacitor, and the corresponding coil.

19. The second switch among the plurality of switches, the second capacitor among the plurality of capacitors, and the second coil of the plurality of stator poles are electrically connected in series with respect to each other. The electric vehicle according to claim 18, wherein the third switch among the plurality of switches, the third capacitor among the plurality of capacitors, and the third coil of the plurality of stator poles are electrically connected in series with respect to each other.

20. The electric vehicle according to claim 17, wherein the rotor assembly and the stator assembly do not include rare earth magnets.

21. An axial magnetic flux switch reluctance motor, A stator assembly arranged to generate a rotating electromagnetic field in response to a control signal, wherein the stator assembly includes a plurality of stator poles, each of which includes a coil winding perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor assembly. A rotor assembly is positioned adjacent to the stator assembly and arranged to rotate around the axis of rotation in response to the rotating electromagnetic field. A first sensor is arranged to detect the angular position of the rotor assembly and output first sensor data based on the angular position of the rotor assembly, A controller comprising a processor, a plurality of transformers electrically connected to each of the plurality of stator poles, and a plurality of switches electrically connected to each of the plurality of transformers, wherein the plurality of switches are controllable by the processor, Equipped with, When a given switch among the plurality of switches is controlled by the processor to be closed, the control signal, which includes an electrical signal, is supplied to the corresponding transformer among the plurality of transformers to store magnetic energy in the corresponding primary winding of the corresponding transformer. When the given switch is controlled by the processor to be opened, current is discharged from the corresponding secondary winding of the corresponding transformer to the corresponding coils of the plurality of stator poles. An axial flux-switched reluctance motor, wherein the controller is configured to receive the first sensor data and adjust the control signal based on the angular position of the rotor assembly to adjust the rotational speed of the rotor assembly.

22. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 21, further comprising a second sensor arranged to detect one or more motor states, the one or more motor states including one or more of rotor assembly speed, stator current, stator voltage, and state mechanical temperature, the second sensor outputs second sensor data corresponding to the one or more state mechanical conditions, and the controller is further arranged to receive the second sensor data and adjust the control signal based on the second sensor data.

23. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 21, wherein the control signal includes at least one of a pulse width modulated waveform and a square waveform.

24. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 21, wherein the controller adjusts the rotational speed of the rotor assembly by adjusting the frequency associated with the control signal and adjusting the voltage of the control signal.

25. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 21, wherein the axial flux switch reluctance motor is a multiphase switch reluctance motor (SRM).

26. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 25, wherein the axial flux switch reluctance motor is configured as one of a single stator reluctance motor, a single stator dual coil reluctance motor, an in-runner reluctance motor, an out-runner dual rotary reluctance motor, an out-runner single rotary reluctance motor, a zero-gradient flux dual motor, and a zero-gradient flux out-runner motor.

27. ​​The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 21, wherein the motor is configured to operate as a motor generator.

28. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 21, further comprising an energy storage element configured to release either stored magnetic energy or stored electrical energy based on the angular position of the rotor assembly.

29. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 28, wherein the stored magnetic energy is stored in at least one transformer.

30. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 28, wherein the stored electrical energy is stored in at least one capacitor.

31. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 21, further comprising an AC / DC inverter configured to convert an AC signal to a DC input signal.

32. The axial magnetic flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 31, comprising a power supply, the power supply storing electrical energy and outputting the stored energy as an output DC electrical signal to generate the DC input signal.

33. A method for operating an axial flux switch reluctance motor, comprising: a stator assembly arranged to generate a rotating electromagnetic field in response to a control signal; and a rotor assembly positioned adjacent to the stator assembly and arranged to rotate in response to the rotating electromagnetic field, wherein the stator assembly includes a plurality of salient pole stator poles, each of the plurality of salient pole stator poles including a coil winding perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor assembly, The controller for controlling the axial flux switch reluctance motor comprises a processor, a plurality of transformers electrically connected to each of the plurality of stator poles, and a plurality of switches electrically connected to each of the plurality of transformers, wherein the plurality of switches are controllable by the processor, and the method for operating the axial flux switch reluctance motor is: When a given switch among the plurality of switches is controlled by the processor to be closed, the control signal including an electrical signal is provided to a corresponding transformer among the plurality of transformers to store magnetic energy in the corresponding primary winding of the corresponding transformer. When the given switch is controlled by the processor to be opened, the steps include: discharging current from the corresponding secondary winding of the corresponding transformer to the corresponding coils of the plurality of stator poles; The steps include detecting the angular position of the rotor assembly via a sensor, The steps include outputting sensor data based on the angular position of the rotor assembly using the sensor, The steps include receiving the sensor data, adjusting the control signal based on the angular position of the rotor assembly, and adjusting the rotational speed of the rotor assembly, A method for operating an axial flux switch reluctance motor, which includes [a specific component / feature].

34. An electric vehicle, A power storage device comprising at least one battery, wherein the power storage device is configured to output the stored energy as an output DC electrical signal, An axial magnetic flux switch reluctance motor, A stator assembly arranged to generate a rotating electromagnetic field in response to a control signal, the stator assembly comprising a plurality of salient pole stator poles, each of which comprises a coil winding perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor assembly, A rotor assembly is positioned adjacent to the stator assembly and arranged to rotate around the axis of rotation in response to the rotating electromagnetic field. A first sensor is arranged to detect the angular position of the rotor assembly and output first sensor data based on the angular position of the rotor assembly, A controller comprising a processor, a plurality of transformers electrically connected to each of the plurality of stator poles, and a plurality of switches electrically connected to each of the plurality of transformers, wherein the plurality of switches are controllable by the processor, Equipped with, When a given switch among the plurality of switches is controlled by the processor to be closed, the control signal, which includes an electrical signal, is supplied to the corresponding transformer among the plurality of transformers to store magnetic energy in the corresponding primary winding of the corresponding transformer. When the given switch is controlled by the processor to be opened, current is discharged from the corresponding secondary winding of the corresponding transformer to the corresponding coils of the plurality of stator poles. The controller is configured to receive the first sensor data and adjust the control signal based on the angular position of the rotor assembly to adjust the rotational speed of the rotor assembly, and includes an axial flux switch reluctance motor, An electric vehicle equipped with this feature.

35. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 21, wherein the rotor assembly and the stator assembly do not include rare earth magnets.

36. The electric vehicle according to claim 34, wherein the rotor assembly and the stator assembly do not include rare earth magnets.

37. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 21, wherein the controller is connected to each phase of the axial flux switch reluctance motor and is electrically connected in series with respect to one phase, the given switch, the corresponding transformer, and the corresponding coil.

38. The second switch among the plurality of switches, the second transformer among the plurality of transformers, and the second coil of the plurality of stator poles are electrically connected in series with respect to each other. The axial flux switch reluctance motor according to claim 37, wherein the third switch among the plurality of switches, the third transformer among the plurality of transformers, and the third coil of the plurality of stator poles are electrically connected in series with respect to each other.

39. The given switch, the corresponding transformer, and the corresponding coil are electrically connected in series with respect to each other. The second switch among the plurality of switches, the second transformer among the plurality of transformers, and the second coil of the plurality of stator poles are electrically connected in series with respect to each other. The electric vehicle according to claim 34, wherein the third switch among the plurality of switches, the third transformer among the plurality of transformers, and the third coil of the plurality of stator poles are electrically connected in series with respect to each other.

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