Use of additives to improve the processability of polyethylene.

Abstract

The present invention relates to improving the processability of polyethylene. Specifically, there is provided the use of an additive for improving the melt strength and / or melt elasticity and / or drawability of polyethylene. The additive is selected from at least one compound selected from the group consisting of bisamides, trisamides, tetraamides, and sorbitol acetals. The present invention also provides a method for improving the melt strength and / or melt elasticity and / or drawability of polyethylene. Furthermore, there is provided a polyethylene having improved melt strength and / or melt elasticity and / or drawability.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the processing of polyethylene. In particular, the invention relates to the use of certain additives to improve the melt strength and / or melt elasticity and / or drawability of polyethylene. The inventors have found that one or more of these properties are improved, in particular for extrusion techniques such as the production of films and fibers, especially blown polyethylene film. In particular, improvements have been observed in uniaxially and biaxially oriented polyethylene films (BOPE). [Background technology]

[0002] Polyethylene can be used in a variety of applications. Typically, this can include many different articles such as films, extrudates, and pipes. Various types of polyethylene, such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), can be produced by a number of processes.

[0003] Polyethylene can be processed, for example, by blow molding, blown film, or extrusion techniques. Properties such as melt strength and melt elasticity are often important during such processing techniques, particularly blow molding, blown film, and extrusion. Properties such as stretchability may also be important during the processing of polyethylene, particularly when producing fibers, typically as a spun melt or continuous filament, or when producing blown film, which typically involves extruding the polyethylene through a blown film extruder.

[0004] US Patent Application Publication No. 2011 / 0171407A1 describes a compound of the formula: (R1)(R2)NO-R3, where R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen or a C4 to C6 42 Alkyl or C4-C 42A method for increasing the melt strength of a polyethylene resin is disclosed, which comprises reacting the polyethylene resin with an alkoxyamine derivative of (R1 and R2 are aryl or a substituted hydrocarbon group containing O and / or N, and R1 and R2 may together form a ring structure; and R3 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbon, or a substituted hydrocarbon group containing O and / or N).

[0005] U.S. Patent No. 10,865,298 B2 describes a composition containing polyethylene, a polyfunctional coagent having a functionality of 3 or greater (the polyfunctional coagent is present in an amount of 100 to 2,000 ppm based on the polyethylene), and a free radical generator (the free radical generator is present in an amount of 5 to 100 ppm based on the polyethylene). This document also describes that in addition to improving gel count, high melt strength may be desirable for polyethylene.

[0006] U.S. Patent No. 10,844,210 B2 teaches a method for increasing the melt strength and / or low shear viscosity of polyethylene resins. The method comprises: a) increasing the melt strength and / or low shear viscosity of polyethylene resins to 0.900 g / cm 3 ~0.970g / cm 3 The method includes: a) preparing a first polyethylene resin having a density in the range of 0.900 g / cm, a melt index in the range of 0.01 g / 10 min to 30 g / 10 min, and at least 0.20 vinyl groups per 1000 total carbon atoms; and b) preparing a masterbatch composition containing the second polyethylene resin and a free radical generator. The free radical generator has a half-life at 220°C of less than 200 seconds and a decomposition energy greater than -250 kJ / mol. The second polyethylene has a viscosity of 0.900 g / cm. 3 ~0.970g / cm 3 and a melt index in the range of 0.01 g / 10 min to 100 g / 10 min. The first polyethylene resin reacts with the masterbatch composition to form a modified polyethylene resin.

[0007] WO 2014 / 043184 A1 relates to a film structure comprising an outer layer, a core, and an inner layer (or sealant layer). The outer layer comprises a polyolefin-based material having a Vicat softening temperature of 85°C or higher, most preferably 90°C or higher, and a total crystallinity in the range of 25 to 45%. The core has a viscosity of 0.925 g / cm 3 The inner layer (or sealant layer) is a linear low-density polyethylene having a density of 0.865 to 0.926 g / cm 3 or less and a melt index of 4.0 g / 10 min or less. 3 The film comprises a linear low density polyethylene having a density of 0.930 g / cm3 and a melt index of less than 4.0 / 10 min. 3 The film is further characterized by the total amount of polyethylene having a density equal to or greater than 25% by weight of the total film. This description makes clear that the core may comprise a single layer, or more preferably multiple layers, with additional layers providing additional functionality such as barrier properties, melt strength, or additional toughness, depending on the intended use of the film.

[0008] In general, it is known that various additives are added for various purposes in the production of polyolefins. For example, it is known to add nucleating agents during processing to improve crystallization, particularly to improve transparency. Such nucleating agents are sometimes called clarifiers in this context.

[0009] WO 2007 / 039471 A1 describes a method for improving the flow properties of a melt containing a thermoplastic polymer. The method involves incorporating one or more additives selected from the group consisting of organic and inorganic compounds having a needle-like morphology in the solid state into the thermoplastic polymer in an amount of 0.005 to 0.5 wt % based on the weight of the thermoplastic polymer before or during melt processing. This disclosure also describes the use of an additive that is an organic compound containing polar moieties and shielding nonpolar hydrophobic groups on the outside of the molecular sphere. This document suggests the use of various multi-amidated derivatives of aliphatic or aromatic polycarboxylic acids; multi-amidated derivatives of aliphatic or aromatic polyamines; multi-amidated derivatives of aliphatic or aromatic aminocarboxylic acids; and sorbitol acetals as additives.

[0010] EP 1674447 B1 discloses an amide mixture, a polyolefin resin composition, and a polyolefin resin molded article. This document aims to provide a mixture of amide compounds that can be used to produce molded articles having improved thermal stability and alkali resistance, and further improved transparency, crystallinity (heat resistance), and rigidity. This document discloses a compound represented by the general formula R 1 -(CONHR 2 ) a (In the formula, a represents an integer of 2 to 6, and R 1 is an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid, and R 2 is a trans-2-alkylcyclohexylamine residue or a cis-2-alkylcyclohexylamine residue, and the trans-2-alkylcyclohexylamine residue accounts for at least 70 mol % of all 2-alkylcyclohexylamine residues in the mixture. This document further describes polyolefin resin compositions containing the aforementioned mixtures and molded articles of the compositions.

[0011] EP 2204408 A1 relates to a polyolefin having a high crystallization temperature, which is said to have excellent transparency. The polyolefin composition contains 0.01 to 10 parts by weight of a methylenebisanilide compound.

[0012] U.S. Patent No. 9,278,487 B1 discloses an extruded, air-cooled blown film having a) a total thickness of 5 to 500 μm, b) a monolayer structure of 2 to 9 coextruded layers, c) at least one layer containing a polymer selected from polypropylene homopolymer, polypropylene random copolymer, heterophasic polypropylene block polymer, or any mixture, and optionally d) an elastic modulus according to EN ISO 527 that is at least 10% improved compared to a reference film that does not contain a nucleating agent. The polymer of at least one layer has a melt flow rate according to ASTM D-1238 of 0.1 to 10 dg / min at 230°C and 2.16 kg. This layer further contains 0.001 to 2% of a specific nucleating agent by weight of the polymer. Nucleating agents include compounds having 2 to 6 amide groups based on polycarboxylic acids, polyamines, or aminocarboxylic acids. This disclosure relates to a transparent film containing polypropylene as a primary component and to improving the stiffness of the blown film without compromising its elasticity.

[0013] WO 2017 / 156099 relates to trisamide compounds and compositions containing the same. The trisamide compounds are based on benzenetrisamides in which at least one amide group has a cyclohexyl substituent. They can be used as functional materials for use with a wide range of materials, including glassy and semi-crystalline polymers, elastomers, rubbers, and thermosets. These trisamide compounds can be used alone or in combination with other functional materials to allegedly improve the thermal, optical, electrical, cosmetic, and other properties, as well as the mechanical properties, of the applied materials. The compositions preferably include a polymer that is a thermoplastic polymer, such as a polyolefin, polyester, polyamide, polylactic acid, polycarbonate, acrylic polymer, or blend. Preferred polymers are polyolefin polymers, such as polypropylene polymers, polyethylene polymers, polymethylpentene polymers, polybutylene polymers, and poly(vinylcyclohexane) polymers.

[0014] WO 2012 / 045288 discloses a method for preparing nucleated semicrystalline polyolefins by coordination polymerization. The nucleating agent is added as part of a catalyst system for α-olefin polymerization in the form of a suspension or solution in a non-polar hydrocarbon solvent or a highly concentrated organoaluminum. Suitable nucleating agents include compounds based on benzenetrisamide. This document describes polymers suitable for in situ nucleation, including homopolymers and intercopolymers of ethylene and propylene.

[0015] WO 2004 / 072168 describes a composition containing a) a natural or synthetic polymer and b) one or more compounds based on a benzenetrisamide structure. The composition is said to have excellent crystallinity, high transmittance, low haze, and / or improved thermal stability. Examples of synthetic polymers are monoolefin polymers, preferably polyethylene and polypropylene. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0016] The object of the present invention is to improve the melt strength and / or melt elasticity and / or stretchability of polyethylene. In particular, it is desirable to improve the melt strength and / or melt elasticity and / or stretchability of polyethylene during processing, particularly during extrusion of polyethylene, and more particularly during extrusion of polyethylene to produce films or fibers. This is particularly true in the production of blown ethylene films. Such improvements are desirable for uniaxially and biaxially oriented polyethylene films (BOPE). [Means for solving the problem]

[0017] According to the present invention, there is provided use of an additive for improving the melt strength and / or melt elasticity and / or drawability of polyethylene, wherein the additive is selected from at least one compound selected from the group consisting of bisamides, trisamides, tetraamides, and sorbitol acetals.

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for improving the melt strength and / or melt elasticity and / or drawability of polyethylene by adding to the polyethylene an additive selected from the group consisting of bisamides, trisamides, tetraamides, and sorbitol acetals.

[0019] Further, according to the present invention, there is provided polyethylene having improved melt strength and / or melt elasticity and / or stretchability, which contains an additive for improving the melt strength and / or melt elasticity and / or stretchability of the polyethylene, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of bisamides, trisamides, tetraamides, and sorbitol acetals. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] The inventors have found that compounds in the categories of bisamides, trisamides, tetraamides, and sorbitol acetals can be used in the processing of polyethylene to achieve the aforementioned objectives. Incorporating bisamides, trisamides, tetraamides, or sorbitol acetals into the processing of polyethylene can improve not only the melt strength but also the elasticity after melting, and can also improve the stretchability of the molten polyethylene.

[0021] The polyethylene may be any of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), ultra-low molecular weight polyethylene (ULMWPE or PE-WAX), high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), high density cross-linked polyethylene (HDXLPE), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX or XLPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), very low density polyethylene (VLDPE), or chlorinated polyethylene (CPE).

[0022] Preferably, the polyethylene has a viscosity of 0.915 to 0.960 g / cm 3 , preferably 0.915 to 0.950 g / cm 3 It has a density of

[0023] Preferably, the polyethylene may be ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Such UHMWPE may have a molecular weight in the millions, for example, 3,500,000 to 7,500,000 g / mol. Typically, the density tends to be lower than high density polyethylene, at 0.930 to 0.935 g / cm. 3 may be in the range of

[0024] High density polyethylene (HDPE) is also used, especially with a density of 0.960 g / cm 3 Typically, HDPE has a viscosity of 0.941 g / cm 3 and can be processed in accordance with the present invention. 3 It has a density exceeding .

[0025] Another suitable polyethylene that can be processed according to the present invention is low density polyethylene (LDPE). Low density polyethylene can be characterized by a high degree of short and long chain branching. Typically, LDPE has a viscosity of 0.910 to 0.940 g / cm. 3 When LDPE is processed, the density is preferably in the range of 0.915 to 0.940 g / cm. 3 is within the range.

[0026] More preferably, the polyethylene used in accordance with the present invention may be medium density polyethylene (MDPE). Typically, such medium density polyethylene (MDPE) has a density of 0.926 to 0.940 g / cm 3 The density may range from 0.01 to 0.01.

[0027] It is particularly preferred that the polyethylene is linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). LLDPE can be characterized as being a substantially linear polymer, but may contain many short branches. The density of LLDPE is typically 0.915 to 0.925 g / cm. 3 The range is.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the additive is a bis-amide, tris-amide, or tetra-amide of any of formulas (IA), (IB), and (IC): [ka] (In the formula, x and y are 2 or 3 or 4; z' and z'' are independently 1 or 2 or 3, provided that the sum of z' and z'' is 2 or 3 or 4; X0 is a residue formed by removing x carboxyl groups from a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic polycarboxylic acid having 3 to 25 carbon atoms, a residue formed by removing x carboxyl groups from a saturated or unsaturated alicyclic polycarboxylic acid having 7 to 25 carbon atoms, or a residue formed by removing x carboxyl groups from an aromatic polycarboxylic acid having 8 to 25 carbon atoms, any of which may optionally further contain heteroatoms in its backbone; The radicals X1 are, independently of one another, C1-C unsubstituted or substituted with one or more hydroxy, amino, and / or nitro groups 20 alkyl; C2-C unsubstituted or substituted with one or more hydroxy, amino, and / or nitro groups 20 Alkenyl; C2 to C with oxygen or sulfur sandwiched 20 alkyl; Unsubstituted or one or more C1-C 20 Alkyl-substituted C3-C 12 cycloalkyl; Unsubstituted or one or more C1-C 20 Alkyl-substituted bis[C3-C 12 Cycloalkyl]-C1~C 10 alkyl; Unsubstituted or one or more C1-C 20 Alkyl-substituted bicyclic or tricyclic hydrocarbon radicals having 5 to 20 carbon atoms; Unsubstituted or C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, C1-C 20 Alkylamino, di(C1-C 20 alkyl) phenyl substituted with one or more radicals selected from amino, amino, hydroxy, and nitro; Unsubstituted or C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, C1-C 20 Alkylamino, di(C1-C 20phenyl-C1-C substituted with one or more radicals selected from alkyl)amino, amino, hydroxy, and nitro 20 alkyl; Unsubstituted or one or more C1-C 20 Phenylethenyl substituted with alkyl; unsubstituted or with one or more C1-C 20 Alkyl-substituted biphenyl-(C1-C 10 alkyl); Unsubstituted or one or more C1-C 20 Alkyl-substituted naphthyl; Unsubstituted or one or more C1-C 20 Alkyl-substituted naphthyl-C1-C 20 alkyl; Naphthoxymethyl and substituted or one or more C1-C 20 Alkyl substituted; Biphenylyl, fluorenyl, anthryl; Unsubstituted or one or more C1-C 20 Alkyl-substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic radicals; C1-C containing one or more halogens or pseudohalogens 20 hydrocarbon radicals; Tori (C1~C 10 alkyl)silyl; or Tori (C1~C 10 Alkyl)silyl (C1-C 10 alkyl); Y0 is a residue formed by removing y amino groups from a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic polyamine having from 3 to 25 carbon atoms, a residue formed by removing y amino groups from a saturated or unsaturated alicyclic polyamine having from 6 to 25 carbon atoms, or a residue formed by removing y amino groups from an aromatic polyamine having from 6 to 25 carbon atoms; any of the foregoing polyamines may optionally further contain heteroatoms in their backbone; Z0 is a residue formed by removing z' amino groups and z'' carboxyl groups from an unsaturated or saturated aliphatic aminocarboxylic acid having 2 to 25 carbon atoms, a residue formed by removing z' amino groups and z'' carboxyl groups from a saturated or unsaturated alicyclic aminocarboxylic acid having 7 to 25 carbon atoms, or a residue formed by removing z' amino groups and z'' carboxyl groups from an aromatic aminocarboxylic acid having 7 to 25 carbon atoms, any of which may optionally further contain heteroatoms in its skeleton; The radicals Z1 and Z2, independently of one another, have the same definition as given for X1).

[0029] Examples of saturated or unsaturated aliphatic polycarboxylic acids having 3 to 25, preferably 3 to 16, particularly 4 to 12 carbon atoms and x carboxyl groups, which may optionally further contain heteroatoms in their skeletons, include malonic acid, diphenylmalonic acid, succinic acid, phenylsuccinic acid, diphenylsuccinic acid, glutaric acid, 3,3-dimethylglutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, 1,12-dodecanedioic acid, 1,14-tetradecanedioic acid, 1,18-octadecanedioic acid, citric acid, methanetricarboxylic acid, tricarballylic acid, propenetricarboxylic acid, pentanetricarboxylic acid, ethanetetracarboxylic acid, and propanetricarboxylic acid. (particularly 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid), propanetetracarboxylic acid, pentanetetracarboxylic acid, butanetetracarboxylic acid (particularly 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid), dodecanetetracarboxylic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylene glycol bis[β-aminoethyl ether]N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, N-hydroxyethylethylenediamine-N,N',N'-triacetic acid, 1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, 1,2-diaminopropane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, nitrilotripropionic acid, 1,6-hexanediaminetetraacetic acid, and N-(2-carboxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid.

[0030] Examples of saturated or unsaturated alicyclic polycarboxylic acids having 7 to 25, preferably 8 to 16, carbon atoms and x carboxyl groups, and which may further optionally contain heteroatoms in the skeleton, include 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanediacetic acid, cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid, cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid, cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid, cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid, tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic acid, 5-(succinic acid)-3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, bicyclo[2,2,2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic acid, 5,6,9,10-tetracarboxytricyclo[6.2.2.0.sup.2,7]dodeca-2,11-diene which may have a lower alkyl group as a substituent (e.g., a methyl group at the 3-, 8-, 11-, or 12-position), and 1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid. 2,3,5-Tricarboxycyclopentylacetic acid, 6-methyl-4-cyclohexene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, 3,5,6-tricarboxynorbornene-2-acetic acid, thiobis(norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid), bicyclo[4.2.0]octane-3,4,7,8-tetracarboxylic acid, 1,1'-bicyclopropane-2,2',3,3'-tetracarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis(2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dicarboxycyclobutyl)ethane, Examples include pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic acid, tricyclo[4.2.2.0.sup.2,5]decan-9-ene-3,4,7,8-tetracarboxylic acid, 3,4-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenesuccinic acid which may have a lower alkyl group (e.g., a methyl group at the 1st, 5th, 6th, or 7th position) as a substituent, and 2,3,4,5,6,7,12,13-octahydrophenanthrene-3,4,5,6-tetracarboxylic acid.

[0031] Examples of aromatic polycarboxylic acids having 8 to 25, preferably 8 to 22, particularly 8 to 17 carbon atoms and x carboxyl groups, which may optionally further contain heteroatoms in the skeleton, include p-phenylene diacetic acid, p-phenylenediethanoic acid, phthalic acid, 4-tert-butylphthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 5-tert-butylisophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 1,8-naphthalic acid, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and the like. Phthalenedicarboxylic acid, diphenic acid, 3,3'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-binaphthyldicarboxylic acid, bis(3-carboxyphenyl)methane, bis(4-carboxyphenyl)methane, 2,2-bis(3-carboxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)propane, 3,3'-sulfonyldibenzoic acid, 4,4-sulfonyldibenzoic acid, 3,3'-oxydibenzoic acid, 4,4'-oxydibenzoic acid acid, 3,3'-carbonyldibenzoic acid, 4,4'-carbonyldibenzoic acid, 3,3'-thiodibenzoic acid, 4,4'-thiodibenzoic acid, 4,4'-(p-phenylenedioxy)dibenzoic acid, 4,4'-isophthaloyldibenzoic acid, 4,4'-terephthaloyldibenzoic acid, dithiosalicylic acid, benzenetricarboxylic acids such as trimesic acid, benzenetetracarboxylic acid, benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid, biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, diphenylethertetracarboxylic acid, diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic acid, diphenylmethanetetracarboxylic acid, perylenetetracarboxylic acid, naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, 4,4'-dinaphthalic acid, benzidine-3,3'-dicarboxyl-N,N'-tetraacetic acid, diphenylpropanetetracarboxylic acid, anthracenetetracarboxylic acid, phthalocyaninetetracarboxylic acid, ethylene glycol-trimellitic acid diester, benzenehexacarboxylic acid, glycerin-trimellitic acid triester, and the like.

[0032] Examples of linear or branched alkyls having up to 20 carbon atoms and optionally substituted with one or more hydroxy, amino, and / or nitro groups are ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl, n-butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1-methylpropyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, tert-butylmethyl, hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, heptyl, isoheptyl, 1-ethylhexyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 1-propylbutyl, octyl, nonyl, isononyl, neononyl, 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl, undecyl, tridecyl, pentadecyl, heptadecyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, and 1-aminoethyl. 10 Alkyl is particularly preferred. One of the preferred meanings of the radicals X1, Y1, Z1 and Z2 is a branched C3-C 10 Alkyl, in particular -C(CH3)2-H or -C(CH3)2-(C1-C7 alkyl).

[0033] C2-C with oxygen or sulfur 20 Examples of alkyl are t-butoxymethyl, t-butoxyethyl, t-butoxypropyl, t-butoxybutyl, (H3C)3C-S-CH2-, (H3C)3C-S-C2H4-, (H3C)3C-S-C3H5-, and (H3C)3C-S-C4H8-.

[0034] Examples of C1-C8 alkoxy are methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, heptyloxy, and octyloxy. Methoxy is particularly preferred.

[0035] Examples of C1-C8 alkylthio are methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, butylthio, pentylthio, hexylthio, heptylthio, and octylthio.

[0036] Examples of C1-C8 alkylsulfoxy are methylsulfoxy, ethylsulfoxy, propylsulfoxy, butylsulfoxy, pentylsulfoxy, hexylsulfoxy, heptylsulfoxy, and octylsulfoxy.

[0037] C1-C unsubstituted or substituted with one or more hydroxy, amino, and / or nitro groups 20 Examples of alkenyl are 9-decenyl, 8-heptadecenyl, 11-hydroxy-8-heptadecenyl, and 11-amino-8-heptadecenyl.

[0038] Unsubstituted or one or more C1-C 20 Alkyl, e.g., C3-C substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 C1-C4 alkyl 12 Examples of alkyl are cyclopropyl, 3-methylcyclopropyl, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 1-methylcyclohexyl, 2-methylcyclohexyl, 3-methylcyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl.

[0039] Unsubstituted or one or more C1-C 20 alkyl, for example, bis[C3-C 12 Cycloalkyl]-C1C 10 An example of alkyl is dicyclohexylmethyl.

[0040] Unsubstituted or one or more C1-C 20 Examples of bicyclic or tricyclic hydrocarbon radicals having 5 to 20 carbon atoms substituted with alkyl, for example 1, 2 or 3 C1-C4 alkyl, are: [ka] is.

[0041] Unsubstituted or C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20Alkoxy, C1-C 20 Alkylamino, di(C1-C 20 Examples of phenyl substituted by one or more radicals selected from C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, hydroxy, and nitro, preferably C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, hydroxy, and nitro are phenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, propylphenyl, 4-isopropylphenyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 2,3-dimethoxyphenyl, 2-nitrophenyl, 3-methyl-6-nitrophenyl, 4-dimethylaminophenyl, 2,3-dimethylphenyl, 2,6-dimethylphenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 3,4-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl.

[0042] Unsubstituted or C1-C 20 Alkyl, C3-C 12 Cycloalkyl, phenyl, C1-C 20 alkoxy, amino, hydroxy, and nitro, preferably C1-C4 alkyl, C3-C5 cycloalkyl, phenyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, and hydroxy; 20 Examples of alkyl are benzyl, α-cyclohexylbenzyl, diphenylmethyl, 1-phenylethyl, α-hydroxybenzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 2-phenylpropyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 3-methylbenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, and 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl.

[0043] Unsubstituted or one or more C1-C 20 An example of phenylethenyl substituted with alkyl, for example 1, 2, or 3 C1-C4 alkyl, is 2-(4-methylphenyl)ethenyl.

[0044] Unsubstituted or one or more C1-C 20 alkyl, for example, biphenyl-(C1-C4 alkyl) substituted with 1, 2, or 3 C1-C4 alkyl 10 An example of alkyl is 4-biphenylmethyl.

[0045] Unsubstituted or one or more C1-C 20 Examples of naphthyl substituted with alkyl, for example 1, 2 or 3 C1-C4 alkyl, are 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl.

[0046] Unsubstituted or one or more C1-C 20 Alkyl, for example naphthyl-C1-C1 substituted with 1, 2 or 3 C1-C4 alkyl 20 Examples of alkyl are 1-naphthylmethyl and 2-naphthylmethyl.

[0047] Unsubstituted or one or more C1-C 20 An example of naphthoxymethyl substituted with alkyl, for example 1, 2 or 3 C1-C4 alkyl, is 1-naphthoxymethyl.

[0048] Examples of biphenylenyl, fluorenyl, or anthryl are 2-biphenylenyl, 9-fluorenyl, 1-fluorenyl, or 9-anthryl, respectively.

[0049] Unsubstituted or one or more C1-C 20 Examples of 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic radicals substituted with alkyl, for example 1, 2 or 3 C1-C4 alkyl, are 3-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl, 2-hydroxypyridin-3-yl, 3-quinolinyl, 4-quinolinyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, and 1-methyl-2-pyryl.

[0050] C1-C containing one or more halogens or pseudohalogens, for example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 -F, -Cl, or -I 20Examples of hydrocarbon radicals are 1-bromo-2-methylpropyl, dichloromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 3,5-bis[trifluoromethyl]phenyl, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl, 2,3-dichlorophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, and 2,4-bis[trifluoromethyl]phenyl.

[0051] Tori (C1~C 10 An example of an alkyl)silyl is (H3C)3Si-.

[0052] Tori (C1~C 10 Alkyl)silyl (C1-C 10 An example of (alkyl) is (H3C)3Si-(CH2)2-.

[0053] Examples of saturated or unsaturated aliphatic polyamines having 3 to 25 carbon atoms and y amino groups, and optionally further containing heteroatoms in the backbone, are 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane, and 1,5-diaminopentane.

[0054] Examples of saturated or unsaturated alicyclic polyamines having 6 to 25, preferably 6 to 13, carbon atoms and y amino groups, and which may optionally further contain heteroatoms in the skeleton, include 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexyl, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyldicyclohexyl, 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyldicyclohexylmethane, 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, isophoronediamine, menthenediamine, melamine, 1,3,5-triaminocyclohexane, 1,2,4-triaminocyclohexane, and 1,2,4,5-tetraaminocyclohexane.

[0055] Examples of aromatic polyamines having 6 to 25, preferably 6 to 17, and in particular 6 to 13 carbon atoms and y amino groups, which may optionally further contain heteroatoms in their skeletons, are o-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, 2,3-diaminotoluene, 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene, 3,4-diaminotoluene, 4,6-dimethyl-m-phenylenediamine, 2,5-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4,5-dimethyl-o-phenylenediamine, 2,4-diaminomesitylene, 2 ,3-Diaminopyridine, 2,6-diaminopyridine, 3,4-diaminopyridine, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 1,8-diaminonaphthalene, 2,3-diaminonaphthalene, 2,7-diaminonaphthalene, 9,10-diaminophenanthrene, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-methylenediamine -o-Toluidine, 4,4'-methylenedi-2,6-xylidine, 4,4'-methylenedi-2,6-diethylaniline, 4,4'-diamino-1,2-diphenylethane, 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-dimethylbibenzyl, 4,4'-diaminostilbene, 3,4'-diamino-2,2-diphenylpropane, 4,4'-diamino-2,2-diphenylpropane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-thiodianiline, 2,2'-dithiodianiline, 4,4'-dithiodianiline, 3,3' -Diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 3,3'-diaminobenzophenone, 4,4'-diaminobenzophenone, 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide, o-tolidine sulfone, 2,7-diaminofluorene, 3,7-diamino-2-methoxyfluorene, bis-p-aminophenylaniline, 1,3-bis(4-aminophenylpropyl)benzene, 1,4-bis(4-aminophenylpropyl)benzene, 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 4,4'-bis(4-aminophenoxy)biphenyl, bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]ether, bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone, 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene-1,2,4,5-tetraaminobenzene, 1,3,5-triaminobenzene, 1,2,4-triaminobenzene, pararosaniline, 2,4,6-triaminophenol, 3,3'-diaminobenzidine, tris(4-aminophenyl)methane, 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine, etc.

[0056] Examples of unsaturated or saturated aliphatic aminocarboxylic acids having 2 to 25, preferably 2 to 12, particularly 2 to 5 carbon atoms, z' amino groups and z" carboxyl groups, and optionally further containing heteroatoms in the skeleton, include aminoacetic acid, α-aminopropionic acid, β-aminopropionic acid, α-aminoacrylic acid, α-aminobutyric acid, β-aminobutyric acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, α-amino-α-methylbutyric acid, γ-amino-α-methylbutyric acid, α-aminoisobutyric acid, β-aminoisobutyric acid, α-amino-n-valeric acid, δ-amino- These include n-valeric acid, β-aminocrotonic acid, α-amino-β-methylvaleric acid, α-aminoisovaleric acid, 2-amino-4-pentenoic acid, α-amino-n-caproic acid, 6-aminocaproic acid, α-aminoisocaproic acid, 7-aminoheptanoic acid, α-amino-n-caprylic acid, 8-aminocaprylic acid, 9-aminononanoic acid, 11-aminoundecanoic acid, 12-aminododecanoic acid, 2-aminoadipic acid, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cystine, glutamic acid, glutamine, ornithine, creatine, and aminomalonic acid.

[0057] Examples of saturated or unsaturated alicyclic aminocarboxylic acids having 7 to 25, preferably 7 to 9, carbon atoms, z' amino groups and z" carboxyl groups, and optionally further containing a heteroatom in the skeleton, include 1-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 3-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 4-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, p-aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 2-amino-2-norbornanecarboxylic acid, 3,5-diaminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, and 1-amino-1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid.

[0058] Examples of aromatic aminocarboxylic acids having 7 to 25, preferably 7 to 15, in particular 7 to 11 carbon atoms, z' amino groups and z" carboxyl groups, and optionally further containing heteroatoms in the skeleton, include α-aminophenylacetic acid, α-amino-β-phenylpropionic acid, 2-amino-2-phenylpropionic acid, 3-amino-3-phenylpropionic acid, α-aminocinnamic acid, 2-amino-4-phenylbutyric acid, 4-amino-3-phenylpropionic acid, α-amino-β ... anthranilic acid, m-aminobenzoic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, 2-amino-4-methylbenzoic acid, 2-amino-6-methylbenzoic acid, 3-amino-4-methylbenzoic acid, 2-amino-3-methylbenzoic acid, 2-amino-5-methylbenzoic acid, 4-amino-2-methylbenzoic acid, 4-amino-3-methylbenzoic acid, 2-amino-3-methoxybenzoic acid, 3-amino-4-methoxybenzoic acid, 4-amino-2-methoxybenzoic acid, 4-amino-3- Methoxybenzoic acid, 2-amino-4,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid, o-aminophenylacetic acid, m-aminophenylacetic acid, p-aminophenylacetic acid, 4-(4-aminophenyl)butyric acid, 4-aminomethylbenzoic acid, 4-aminomethylphenylacetic acid, o-aminocinnamic acid, m-aminocinnamic acid, p-aminocinnamic acid, p-aminohippuric acid, 2-amino-1-naphthoic acid, 3-amino-1-naphthoic acid, 4-amino-1-naphthoic acid, 5-amino-1-naphthoic acid , 6-amino-1-naphthoic acid, 7-amino-1-naphthoic acid, 8-amino-1-naphthoic acid, 1-amino-2-naphthoic acid, 3-amino-2-naphthoic acid, 4-amino-2-naphthoic acid, 5-amino-2-naphthoic acid, 6-amino-2-naphthoic acid, 7-amino-2-naphthoic acid, 8-amino-2-naphthoic acid, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 3,5-dicarboxyaniline, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dicarboxydiphenylmethane, and the like.

[0059] Examples of halogens or pseudohalogens are -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CN, -CNO, -OCN, -SCN, and -CNS.

[0060] In one desirable embodiment, the additive is a tris-amide or tetra-amide according to formula (IA): x is an integer of 3 or 4; X0 is a residue obtained by removing all carboxyl groups from 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid or 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid; X1 is a group represented by the formula (ID) [ka] Represented by; Three or four X2 are the same or different and each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C1 to C 10 represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl group of C1 to C 10 Examples of straight-chain or branched alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl, n-butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1-methylpropyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, tert-butylmethyl, hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, heptyl, isoheptyl, 1-ethylhexyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 1-propylbutyl, octyl, nonyl, isononyl, neononyl, and 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl.

[0061] Preferably, the additive is an aromatic bisamide, aromatic trisamide, or aromatic tetraamide.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment, the additive is a bisamide, trisamide, or tetraamide according to any of formulas (IA), (IB), and (IC). In one such preferred embodiment, the sum of x, y, or z' and z" is 2, and X0, Y0, and Z0 are groups of formula (II), (III), (IVA), or (IVB). [ka] (wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted or branched C1-C4 alkyl, an optionally substituted C3-C 12 Cycloalkyl or optionally substituted C-C 20 (representing aryl).

[0063] Examples of C1-C4 alkyl include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl, n-butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1-methylpropyl, and tert-butyl. 12 Examples of cycloalkyl include cyclopropyl, 3-methylcyclopropyl, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 1-methylcyclohexyl, 2-methylcyclohexyl, 3-methylcyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl. Optionally substituted C6-C 20Examples of aryl include phenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, propylphenyl, 4-isopropylphenyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 2,3-dimethoxyphenyl, 2-nitrophenyl, 3-methyl-6-nitrophenyl, 4-dimethylaminophenyl, 2,3-dimethylphenyl, 2,6-dimethylphenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 3,4-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, and 3,5-di-t Examples include ert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl, benzyl, α-cyclohexylbenzyl, diphenylmethyl, 1-phenylethyl, α-hydroxybenzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 2-phenylpropyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 3-methylbenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, and 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl, 2-(4-methylphenyl)ethenyl, 4-biphenylmethyl, naphthyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-naphthylmethyl, 2-naphthylmethyl, 1-naphthoxymethyl, 2-biphenylenyl, 9-fluorenyl, 1-fluorenyl, and 9-anthryl.

[0064] One particularly suitable group of additives are aromatic bisamides according to formula (VI): [ka] (wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from C1 to C5 linear or branched alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C6 cycloalkyl, and preferably R1 and R2 are both tert-butyl.) In this case, R1 and R2 each represent Y1 in formula (IB).

[0065] One preferred compound according to formula (II) is a compound of formula (XI) [ka] is.

[0066] One preferred compound according to formula (VI) is a compound of formula (XII) [ka] is.

[0067] One preferred compound according to formula (IVA) is a compound of formula (XIII) [ka] is.

[0068] Another preferred compound according to formula (IVA) is the compound of formula (XIV) [ka] is.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, the additive is a trisamide according to any of formulas (IA), (IB), and (IC). In one such preferred embodiment, the sum of x, y, or z' and z" is 3, and X0, Y0, and Z0 are groups of formula (V): [ka] is.

[0070] More preferred embodiments according to formula (V) include compounds according to structure (VA), (VB), (VC), or (VD): [ka] (wherein each X1, each Y1, each Z1, and each Z2, independently of one another, have the same meaning as given therefor above).

[0071] Preferably, the additive is a bisamide or trisamide of formula (IB), and when the additive is a bisamide, Y0 is represented by formula (III) or formula (II), and when the additive is a trisamide, Y0 is represented by formula (V).

[0072] More preferably, the additive is a trisamide of formula (IB) where Y is represented by formula (V). It is especially preferred that the additive is an aromatic trisamide of formula (VII). [ka] (wherein R1, R2, and R3 are each independently selected from C1 to C5 linear or branched alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C6 cycloalkyl, and preferably R1, R2, and R3 are all tert-butyl.) In this case, R1, R2, and R3 represent each Y1 in formula (IB).

[0073] In one desirable embodiment, R1 is a substituted cyclohexyl group. Suitably, R1 has the structure shown in formula (VIIA): [ka] (Wherein, W is C1 to C 10 (W) can be selected from linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyls of the formula (VII), which may be at any substitution position of the cyclohexyl group, preferably at the para position. In this case, R2 and R3 have the same definitions as those given for the structure of formula (VII). Preferably, W is at the para position, cis to the bond of the carbonyl carbon bonded to the cyclohexanediyl ring. Preferably, W is at the para position, trans to the bond of the carbonyl carbon bonded to the cyclohexanediyl ring.

[0074] In a further preferred embodiment, R2, independently of R1, has the same definition as given for R1 in formula (VIIA).

[0075] In a further preferred embodiment, R2 and R3 together, independently of each other and of R1, have the same definition as given for R1 in formula (VIIA).

[0076] Thus, according to a further preferred embodiment, the additive is an aromatic trisamide having formula (VIIB): [ka] wherein each V group is independently selected from C1 to C5 straight or branched alkyl, preferably C3 or C4 branched alkyl, and more preferably all V groups are tertiary butyl.

[0077] One specific suitable compound according to formula (VIIB) is 1,3,5-tris[cis-4-tert-butylcyclohexylcarbonylamino]benzene, represented by formula (XV): [ka] is.

[0078] Another specific suitable compound according to formula (VIIB) is trans-4-tert-butylcyclohexylcarbonylamino-3,5-bis[cis-4-tert-butylcyclohexylcarbonylamino]benzene, as shown in formula (XVI): [ka] is.

[0079] Yet another specific suitable compound according to formula (VIIB) is cis-4-tert-butylcyclohexylcarbonylamino-3,5-bis[trans-4-tert-butylcyclohexylcarbonylamino]benzene, represented by formula (XVII): [ka] is.

[0080] Yet another specific suitable compound according to formula (VIIB) is 1,3,5-tris[trans-4-tert-butylcyclohexylcarbonylamino]benzene, represented by formula (XVIII): [ka] is.

[0081] Additional specific suitable compounds according to formula (VIIB) are 1,3,5-tris[cis-4-isopropylcyclohexylcarbonylamino]benzene, trans-4-isopropylcyclohexylcarbonylamino-3,5-bis[cis-4-isopropylcyclohexylcarbonylamino]benzene, trans-4-isopropylcyclohexylcarbonylamino-3,5-bis[cis-4-isopropylcyclohexylcarbonylamino]benzene, and 1,3,5-tris[trans-4-isopropylcyclohexylcarbonylamino]benzene.

[0082] As shown above, a preferred embodiment of the compound of formula (VII) is a compound in which R1, R2, and R3 are all tertiary butyl. Such a particularly preferred compound has the structure according to formula (XIX): [ka] It has.

[0083] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the additive may desirably be a sorbitol acetal. Preferably, the sorbitol acetal is a compound according to formula (VIII): [ka] (In the formula, p is 0 or 1; m and n are each independently an integer of 0 to 3; Each radical R is, independently of the others, C1-C8 alkyl, C1-C8 alkoxy, hydroxy, halogen, pseudohalogen, C1-C8 alkylthio, C1-C8 alkylsulfoxy, or two radicals R together with two adjacent carbon atoms of an unsaturated parent ring form a 5- to 7-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, where R1 is selected from hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl. Examples of halogens or pseudohalogens are -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -CN, -CNO, -OCN, -SCN, and -CNS.

[0084] One example of such a compound according to formula (VIII) is a compound having the formula (XX) together with two adjacent carbon atoms of the unsaturated parent ring: [ka] It contains two radicals R that form a 5- to 7-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring represented by the following formula:

[0085] One particularly suitable sorbitol acetal based on formula (VIII) is of formula (IX): [ka] is a compound of

[0086] Another particularly suitable sorbitol acetal according to formula (VIII) is of formula (X): [ka] is a compound of

[0087] The additives can be added to the polyethylene melt in any suitable amount. Preferably, the polyethylene contains the additive in an amount of 0.001 to 1.0 wt %, more preferably 0.002 to 0.75 wt %, and more preferably 0.005 to 0.5 wt %, based on the weight of the polyethylene. One particularly suitable range may be, for example, 0.005 to 0.05%. Another particularly suitable range may be, for example, 0.05 to 0.5%. Bisamides, trisamides, and tetraamides can be suitably added within any of these ranges. However, preferably, bisamides, trisamides, and tetraamides can be added within a range of 0.005 to 0.1%, more preferably 0.005 to 0.02%. Sorbitol acetal can be suitably added within any of these ranges. However, preferably, sorbitol acetal can be added within a range of 0.1 to 0.6%, more preferably 0.15 to 0.5%.

[0088] The polyethylene produced according to the present invention may be produced as a polyethylene film, polyethylene fiber, or other polyethylene article. Preferably, the polyethylene produced according to the present invention is a polyethylene film.

[0089] The polyethylene melt may optionally contain one or more co-additives commonly used in the plastics industry. Such co-additives may be at least one selected from the group consisting of ultraviolet absorbers and light stabilizers; antioxidants; visbreaking agents; metal deactivators; phosphites and phosphonites; nitrones; thiosynergists; peroxide scavengers; basic co-stabilizers; nucleating agents; fillers and reinforcing agents; other additives; and benzofuranones and indolinones. Other examples of co-additives include slip agents, acid scavengers, such as those described in Chapter 4 of the Plastics Additives Handbook; lubricants, such as those described in Chapter 5 of the Plastics Additives Handbook; polymer processing aids, such as those described in Chapter 6 of the Plastics Additives Handbook; antiblocking agents, such as those described in Chapter 7 of the Plastics Additives Handbook; and anti-fog agents, such as those described in Chapter 9 of the Plastics Additives Handbook. Plastics Additives Handbook, 5, respectively. th Edition,Edited by Hans Zweifel,Hanser Munich,ISBN 3-446-21654-5.

[0090] Specific examples of these additives to be used in combination are shown below.

[0091] 1. Antioxidants 1.1 Alkylated monophenols, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(α-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-dioctadecyl-4 -methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, nonylphenols with straight or branched side chains, such as 2,6-di-nonyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylundec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylheptadec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methyltridec-1'-yl)phenol, and mixtures thereof.

[0092] 1.2 Alkylthiomethylphenols, such as 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-dodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol.

[0093] 1.3 Hydroquinone and alkylated hydroquinones, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl stearate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)adipate.

[0094] 1.4. Tocopherols, such as α-tocopherol, -tocopherol, y-tocopherol, o-tocopherol, and mixtures thereof (vitamin E).

[0095] 1.5. Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers, such as 2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(3,6-di-sec-amylphenol), 4,4'-bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulfide.

[0096] 1.6. Alkylidene bisphenols, such as 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[4-methyl-6-(α-methylcyclohexyl)phenol], 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis( 4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(α-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl) Butane, 2,6-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-tris(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, ethylene glycol bis[3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)dicyclopentadiene Benzene, bis[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl]terephthalate, 1,1-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)butane, 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy2-methylphenyl)-4-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, 1,1,5,5-tetra-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)pentane.

[0097] 1.7. O-, N-, and S-benzyl compounds, such as 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl mercaptoacetate, tridecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl mercaptoacetate, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amine, bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)dithioterephthalate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide, isooctyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl mercaptoacetate.

[0098] 1.8. Hydroxybenzylated malonates, such as dioctadecyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, di-octadecyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)malonate, didodecylmercaptoethyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate.

[0099] 1.9. Aromatic hydroxybenzyl compounds, such as 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 1,4-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol.

[0100] 1.10. Triazine compounds, such as 2,4-bis(octylmercapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,2,3-triazine, 1,3,5 -Tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate, 2,4,6-tris15(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate.

[0101] 1.11. Benzyl phosphonates, for example dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, diethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonate, calcium salts of the monoethyl ester of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid.

[0102] 1.12. Acylaminophenols, such as 4-hydroxylauranilide, 4-hydroxystearanilide, N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)octyl carbamate.

[0103] 1.13.1 Esters of 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

[0104] 1.14.1 3-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid and a monohydric or polyhydric alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris( Hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; 3,9-bis[2-{3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy}-1,1-dimethylethyl]-2,4,8,10- Ester with tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane.

[0105] 1.15.1 Esters of 3-(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

[0106] 1.16. Esters of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

[0107] 1.17.1 Amides of 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, such as N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamide, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)trimethylenediamide, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazide, N,N'-bis[2-(3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionyloxy)ethyl]oxamide (Naugard® XL-1, supplied by Uniroyal).

[0108] 1.18. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

[0109] 1.19. Amine antioxidants, such as N,N'-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-disec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylene Diamine, N,N'-bis(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1-methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4-(p-toluenesulfamoyl)diphenylamine, N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-di-5sec-butyl-p -phenylenediamine, diphenylamine, N-allyldiphenylamine, 4-isopropoxydiphenylamine, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, N-(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamine, N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, octylated diphenylamines such as p,p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4-n-butylaminophenol, 4-butyrylaminophenol, 4-nonanoylaminophenol, 4-dodecanoylaminophenol, 4-Octadecanoylaminophenol, Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylaminomethylphenol, 2,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1,2-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]ethane, 1,2-bis(phenylamino)propane, (o-tolyl)biguanide, bis[4-(1',3'-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]amine, tert-octylated N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, mixtures of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl / tert-octyldiphenylamines, mixtures of mono- and dialkylated nonyldiphenylamines, mixtures of mono- and dialkylated dodecyldiphenylamines, mixtures of mono- and dialkylated isopropyl / isohexyldiphenylamines, mixtures of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyldiphenylamines, 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazine, phenothiazine, mixtures of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl / tert-octylphenothiazines, mixtures of mono- and dialkylated tert-octylphenothiazines, N-allylphenothiazine, N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2-ene.

[0110] 2. UV absorbers and light stabilizers 2.1. 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles, such as 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-octyloxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-amyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-bis-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, -tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-dodecyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-isooctyloxycarbonylethyl)phenylbenzotriazole, 2,2'-methylenebis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-benzotriazol-2-ylphenol]; transesterification products of 2-[3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole with polyethylene glycol 300; -[-R-CH2CH2COO-CH2CH2-]2- (where R = 3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxy-5'-2H-benzotriazol-2-ylphenyl, 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl]-benzotriazole); 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-5'-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-phenyl]-benzotriazole.

[0111] 2.2.2-Hydroxybenzophenones, such as the 4-hydroxy, 4-methoxy, 4-octyloxy, 4-decyloxy, 4-dodecyloxy, 4-benzyloxy, 4,2',4'-trihydroxy, and 2'-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy derivatives.

[0112] 2.3. Esters of substituted and unsubstituted benzoic acid, such as 4-tert-butylphenyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate, octylphenyl salicylate, dibenzoylresorcinol, bis(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)resorcinol, benzoylresorcinol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 2-methyl-4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.

[0113] 2.4. Acrylates / cinnamates, such as ethyl α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate, isooctyl α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate, methyl α-carbomethoxycinnamate, methyl α-cyano-β-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, butyl α-cyano-β,β-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, methyl α-carbomethoxy-p-methoxycinnamate, N-(β-carbomethoxy-β-cyanovinyl)-2-methylindoline, neopentyl tetra(α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate). Other cyanoacrylates can also be used, and such compounds are shown in EP 3587425.

[0114] 2.5. Nickel compounds, such as 1:1 or 1:2 complexes, with or without additional ligands such as n-butylamine, triethanolamine, or N-cyclohexyldiethanolamine, nickel complexes of 2,2'-thio-bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol], nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate, nickel salts of monoalkyl esters, such as the methyl or ethyl ester of 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylphosphonic acid, nickel complexes of ketoximes, such as 2-hydroxy-4-methylphenylundecylketoxime, nickel complexes of 1-phenyl-4-lauroyl-5-hydroxypyrazole, with or without additional ligands.

[0115] 2.6. Sterically hindered amines, such as bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)succinate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6- Condensation products of tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine with succinic acid, linear or cyclic condensation products of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine with 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)nitrilotriacetate, tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, 1,1'-(1,2-ethanediyl)-bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperidine), azinon), 4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-2-n-butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl)malonate, 3-n-octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)sebacate, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidyl) succinate, linear or cyclic condensation product of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine with 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, condensation product of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine with 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, condensation product of 2-chloro-4,6-di-(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine with 1,Condensation products with 2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione, 3-dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, 3-dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, a mixture of 4-hexadecyloxy- and 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, N,N'-bis(2,2,6 ,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine condensation product, 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine condensation product (CAS Registry Number [136504-96-6]); 1,6-hexanediamine and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and N,N-dibutylamine and 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl Condensation products with piperidine (CAS Registry Number [192268-64-7]); N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide, N-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide, 2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4,5]decane, reaction products of 7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4,5]decane with epichlorohydrin, 1,1-bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyloxycarbonyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethene, N,N'-bis-formyl-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine, diester of 4-methoxymethylenemalonic acid and 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine, poly[methylpropyl-3-oxy-4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)]siloxane, maleic anhydride-α-olefin copolymer and 2,2,6,Reaction products with 6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine or 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-aminopiperidine, 2,4-bis[N-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-butylamino]-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine, 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 5-(2-ethylhexanoyl)oxymethyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-2-morpholinone, Sanduvor 3058 (Clariant; CAS Registry Number 106917-31-1), 1-(1-acetyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-dodecylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione, reaction products of 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-s-triazine and N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine, 1,3,5-tris(N-cyclohexyl-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperazin-3-one-4-yl)amino)-s-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(N-cyclohexyl-N-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperazin-3-one-4-yl)amino)-s-triazine.

[0116] 2.7. Oxamides, such as 4,4'-dioctyloxyoxanilide, 2,2'-diethoxyoxanilide, 2,2'-dioctyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide, 2,2'-didodecyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxanilide, N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)oxamide, 2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-ethoxanilide and its mixture with 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4'-di-tert-butoxanilide, mixtures of o- and p-methoxy disubstituted oxanilides, and mixtures of o- and p-ethoxy disubstituted oxanilides.

[0117] 2.8. 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazines, such as 2,4,6-tris(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-propyloxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-tridecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-butyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2 -[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-octyloxypropyloxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[4-(dodecyloxy / tridecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxy)phenyl 2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butoxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-{2-hydroxy-4-[3-(2-ethylhexyl-1-oxy)-2-hydroxypropyloxy]phenyl}-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(4-[2-ethylhexyloxy]-2-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine.

[0118] 3. Metal deactivators, such as N,N'-diphenyloxamide, N-salicylal-N'-salicyloylhydrazine, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)hydrazine, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl-propionyl)hydrazine, 3-salicyloylamino-1,2,4-triazole, bis(benzylidene)oxalyl dihydrazide, oxanilide, isophthaloyl dihydrazide, sebacoyl bisphenylhydrazide, N,N'-diacetyladipoyl dihydrazide, N,N'-bis-(salicyloyl)oxalyl dihydrazide, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)thiopropionyl dihydrazide.

[0119] 4. Phosphites and phosphonites, such as triphenyl phosphite, diphenyl alkyl phosphite, phenyl dialkyl phosphite, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, diisodecyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-cumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, Pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, diisodecyloxypentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4,6-tris(tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite), tristearyl sorbitol triphosphite, tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)4,4'-biphenylene diphosphonite, 6- Isooctyloxy-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12H-dibenz[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)methyl phosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)ethyl phosphite, 6-fluoro-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12-methyl-dibenz[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin, 2,2',2''-nitrilo[triethyltris(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1, 1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl)phosphite], 2-ethylhexyl(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl)phosphite, 5-butyl-5-ethyl-2-(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenoxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphosphiran, poly(4,4'{-isopropylidenediphenol}-octylphosphite), poly(4,4'-{isopropylidenebis[2,6-dibromophenol]}-octylphosphite), poly(4,4'-{2,2'-dimethyl-5,5'-Di-t-butylphenylsulfide}-pentaerythrityl diphosphite), phosphorous acid, mixed 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl and 4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl triesters (CAS No. 939402-02-5), phosphorous acid, triphenyl ester, polymer with α-hydro-ω-hydroxypoly[oxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)], C10-16 alkyl esters (CAS No. 1227937-46-3). The following phosphites are particularly preferred: Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite (lrgafos® 168, BASF SE), tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite, [ka] [ka]

[0120] 5. Hydroxylamines, such as N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine, N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine, N,N-ditetradecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dihexadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctadecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, hydrogenated tallow amine or N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines derived from plant materials.

[0121] 6. Nitrones, such as N-benzyl-α-phenyl nitrone, N-ethyl-α-methyl nitrone, N-octyl-α-heptyl nitrone, N-lauryl-α-undecyl nitrone, N-tetradecyl-α-tridecyl nitrone, N-hexadecyl-α-pentadecyl nitrone, N-octadecyl-α-heptadecyl nitrone, N-hexadecyl-α-heptadecyl nitrone, N-octadecyl-α-pentadecyl nitrone, N-heptadecyl-α-heptadecyl nitrone, N-octadecyl-α-hexadecyl nitrone, and nitrones derived from N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines derived from hydrogenated tallow amine.

[0122] 7. Thiosynergists, such as dilauryl thiodipropionate, dimistryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(dodecylthio)propionate], or distearyl disulfide.

[0123] 8. Peroxide scavengers, such as esters of β-thiodipropionic acid, for example the lauryl, stearyl, myristyl, or tridecyl ester, zinc salts of mercaptobenzimidazole or 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate, dioctadecyl disulfide, pentaerythritol tetrakis(β-dodecylmercapto)propionate.

[0124] 9. Basic co-stabilizers, such as melamine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dicyandiamide, triallyl cyanurate, urea derivatives, hydrazine derivatives, amines, polyamides, polyurethanes, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of higher fatty acids, such as calcium stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium behenate, magnesium stearate, sodium ricinoleate and potassium palmitate, antimony pyrocatecholate or zinc pyrocatecholate.

[0125] 10. Nucleating agents, for example inorganic substances such as talcum, metal oxides such as titanium dioxide or magnesium oxide, preferably alkaline earth metal phosphates, carbonates or sulfates, organic compounds such as mono- or polycarboxylic acids and their salts, for example 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid, adipic acid, diphenylacetic acid, sodium succinate or sodium benzoate, polymeric compounds such as ionic copolymers (ionomers).

[0126] 11. Fillers and reinforcing agents, such as calcium carbonate, silicates, glass fibers, glass beads, asbestos, talc, kaolin, mica, barium sulfate, metal oxides and hydroxides, carbon black, graphite, wood flour and other natural product flours or fibers, synthetic fibers.

[0127] 12. Other additives, such as plasticizers, lubricants, emulsifiers, pigments, rheological additives, catalysts, flow control agents, optical brighteners, flame retardants, antistatic agents, and foaming agents, may also be added. Other additives may include the antiblocking agents mentioned above, which are used in films to reduce the negative adhesion between two polyethylene surfaces, making film separation difficult. Additional additives include the slip agents mentioned above, which are used to help the film surfaces slide against each other. Antifog agents, as mentioned above, may also be added.

[0128] 13. Benzofuranones and indolinones, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,325,863; U.S. Pat. No. 4,338,244; U.S. Pat. No. 5,175,312; U.S. Pat. No. 5,216,052; U.S. Pat. No. 5,252,643; German Patent Application Publication No. A-4316611; German Patent Application Publication No. A-4316622; German Patent Application Publication No. A-43 EP-A-0589839, EP-A-0591102, EP-A-1291384, or 3-[4-(2-acetoxyethoxy)phenyl]-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2-stearoyloxyethoxy)phenyl]- )phenyl]benzofuran-2-one, 3,3'-bis[5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-[2-hydroxyethoxy]phenyl)benzofuran-2-one], 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)benzofuran-2-one, 3-(4-acetoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-pivaloyloxyphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(2-acetyl-5-isooctylphenyl)-5-isooctylbenzofuran-2-one. Suitable benzofuranones also include compounds identified in WO 2015 / 121445 and WO 2017 / 025431.

[0129] 14. Visbreaking agents Visbreaking agents or generally radical initiators. Typically these include organic or inorganic peroxides, bisazo compounds, which are widely used in industry.

[0130] 14.1. Peroxides Examples of peroxides suitable as visbreaking agents include 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)hexyne-3,3,6,6,9,9-pentamethyl-3-(ethyl acetate)-1,2,4,5-tetraoxycyclononane, t-butyl hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxyisopropyl carbonate, di-t-butyl peroxide, p-chlorobenzoyl peroxide, dibenzoyl diperoxide, t-butyl Fluorine peroxide, t-butyl hydroxyethyl peroxide, di-t-amyl peroxide and 2,5-dimethylhexene-2,5-diperisononanoate, acetylcyclohexanesulfonyl peroxide, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, tert-amyl perneodecanoate, tert-butyl perneodecanoate, tert-butyl perpivalate, tert-amyl perpivalate, bis(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide, diisononanoyl peroxide, didecanoyl peroxide, dioctanoyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide, bis(2-methylbenzoyl) peroxide, disuccinoyl peroxide, diacetyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate, bis(4-chlorobenzoyl) peroxide, tert-butyl perisobutyrate, tert-butyl permalate, 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane, tert-butylperoxyiso Propyl carbonate, tert-butyl perisononaoate, 2,5-dimethylhexane 2,5-dibenzoate, tert-butyl peracetate, tert-amyl perbenzoate, tert-butyl perbenzoate, 2,2-bis(tert-butylperoxy)butane, 2,2-bis(tert-butylperoxy)propane, dicumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethylhexane 2,5-di-tert-butylperoxide, 3-tert-butylperoxy-3-phenylphthalide, di-tert-amyl peroxide, α,Examples of the peroxide include α'-bis(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene, 3,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,5-dimethyl-1,2-dioxolane, di-tert-butyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethylhexyne, 2,5-di-tert-butyl peroxide, 3,3,6,6,9,9-hexamethyl-1,2,4,5-tetraoxacyclononane, p-menthane hydroperoxide, pinane hydroperoxide, diisopropylbenzene mono-α-hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide.

[0131] 14.2. Bisazo compounds Such azo compounds include, for example, 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 1,1'-azobis(1-cyclohexanecarbonitrile), 2,2'-azobis(isobutyramide) dihydrate, 2-phenylazo-2,4-dimethyl-4-methoxyvaleronitrile, dimethyl 2,2'-azobisisobutyrate, 2-(carbamoylazo) ... butyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis(2,4,4-trimethylpentane), 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropane), 2,2'-azobis(N,N'-dimethyleneisobutylamidine) free base or hydrochloride, 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) free base or hydrochloride, 2,2'-azobis{2-methyl-N-[1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]propionamide} or 2,2'-azobis{2-methyl-N-[1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]propionamide}.

[0132] The co-additives are present in the polymer melt in an amount of, for example, 0.001 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.001 to 5% by weight, relative to the weight of the polyethylene. Conventional fillers or reinforcing agents can be present in the polymer melt in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 5% by weight, and in certain cases up to 70% by weight, relative to the weight of the polyethylene.

[0133] The following examples illustrate the invention. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages are by weight. [Example]

[0134] Additives used:

[0135] [Table 1]

[0136] LYB Moplen HP561R Polypropylene, Crushed (PP2)

[0137] Example 1 Preparation: A blend was prepared using the additives listed above based on LLDPE (Exxonmobil LL 1002YB Cast, ground) in a high-speed mixer F35MTU manufactured by MTI, Germany. The blend was then mixed at 230°C using a 25 / 42D twin-screw mixer manufactured by Collin, Germany, to obtain well-homogenized granules.

[0138] Drawability and melt strength test: The stretchability and melt strength of the compounds were tested in a rheotense test apparatus connected to a single screw extruder from Goettfert, Germany. The test temperature was 230°C. The samples were uniaxially stretched at an acceleration rate of 2.4 mm / s2 through a set of accelerating nips located 100 mm below the die. The tensile force (cN) was recorded as a function of the take-up speed of the nip rolls. Higher values indicate better melt strength improvement.

[0139] Drawability was reported as the maximum draw ratio v / v0 relative to the initial extrusion rate before draw resonance appeared, signaling draw disturbance and limiting throughput growth. Melt strength is the plateau force before strand breakage. The larger the ratio v / v0 (draw rate / initial extrusion rate at time zero), the better.

[0140] result:

[0141] [Table 2]

[0142] The results above showed that the polyethylene processed according to the present invention had better stretchability and / or melt strength than the benchmark compound and was overall superior to the comparative products.

[0143] Example 2 Testing the maximum stretchability of LLDPE films on an MDO stretching line: The above mixtures were prepared in a high-speed mixer F35MTU manufactured by MTI, Germany, based on LLDPE (Exxonmobil LL 1002YB Cast, ground) using the additives listed in Example 1. The mixtures were compounded at 230°C using a 25 / 42D twin-screw compounding unit manufactured by Collin, Germany, to obtain well-homogenized granules.

[0144] 120 micron films were produced on a Colling Cast film line CR136 / 230 at 230°C.

[0145] test: The films were stretched offline on an MDO stretching line, model MDO-II-350, Collin, Germany. The films were stretched in two stages at 75 °C, with a draw ratio of 1:2 in the first stage and a continuously increasing draw ratio in the second stage. The total draw ratio reached before break was recorded.

[0146] result:

[0147] [Table 3]

[0148] The above results show that the polyethylene films of the present invention have superior stretchability compared to the baseline and comparative formulations.

Claims

1. 1. Use of an additive for improving the melt strength and / or melt elasticity and / or stretchability of polyethylene, wherein the additive is selected from at least one compound selected from the group consisting of bisamides, trisamides, tetraamides, and sorbitol acetals.

2. The polyethylene is 0.915 to 0.960 g / cm ３ , preferably 0.915 to 0.950 g / cm ３ 2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the composition has a density of

3. The additive is represented by the formula (IA), (IB), and (IC): 【Chemical 1】 (In the formula, x and y are 2 or 3 or 4; z' and z'' are independently 1 or 2 or 3, provided that the sum of z' and z'' is 2 or 3 or 4; X ０ is the residue formed by removing x carboxyl groups from a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic polycarboxylic acid having from 3 to 25 carbon atoms, the residue formed by removing x carboxyl groups from a saturated or unsaturated alicyclic polycarboxylic acid having from 7 to 25 carbon atoms, or the residue formed by removing x carboxyl groups from an aromatic polycarboxylic acid having from 8 to 25 carbon atoms, any of said polycarboxylic acids optionally further comprising heteroatoms in its backbone; Radical X １ are independent of each other, C which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more hydroxy, amino, and / or nitro groups １ ~C ２０ Alkyl; C which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more hydroxy, amino, and / or nitro groups ２ ~C ２０ Alkenyl; C with oxygen or sulfur sandwiched ２ ~C ２０ Alkyl; Unsubstituted or one or more C １ ~C ２０ Alkyl-substituted C ３ ~C １２ cycloalkyl; Unsubstituted or one or more C １ ~C ２０ Alkyl-substituted bis[C ３ ~C １２ cycloalkyl]-C １ ~C １０ Alkyl; Unsubstituted or one or more C １ ~C ２０ a bicyclic or tricyclic hydrocarbon radical having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted by alkyl; Unsubstituted or C １ ~C ２０ Alkyl, C １ ~C ２０ Alkoxy, C １ ~C ２０ Alkylamino, di(C １ ~C ２０ phenyl substituted with one or more radicals selected from alkyl)amino, amino, hydroxy, and nitro; Unsubstituted or C １ ~C ２０ Alkyl, C １ ~C ２０ Alkoxy, C １ ~C ２０ Alkylamino, di(C １ ~C ２０ alkyl) phenyl-C substituted with one or more radicals selected from amino, amino, hydroxy, and nitro １ ~C ２０ Alkyl; Unsubstituted or one or more C １ ~C ２０ Phenylethenyl substituted with alkyl; unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C １ ~C ２０ Alkyl-substituted biphenyl-(C １ ~C １０ alkyl); Unsubstituted or one or more C １ ~C ２０ Alkyl-substituted naphthyl; Unsubstituted or one or more C １ ~C ２０ Alkyl-substituted naphthyl-C １ ~C ２０ Alkyl; Naphthoxymethyl and substituted or one or more C １ ~C ２０ Alkyl substituted Biphenylyl, fluorenyl, anthryl; Unsubstituted or one or more C １ ~C ２０ alkyl-substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic radicals; C containing one or more halogens or pseudohalogens １ ~C ２０ hydrocarbon radicals; Bird (C １ ~C １０ alkyl)silyl; or Bird (C １ ~C １０ alkyl)silyl (C １ ~C １０ alkyl); Y ０ is the residue formed by removing y amino groups from a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic polyamine having from 3 to 25 carbon atoms, the residue formed by removing y amino groups from a saturated or unsaturated cycloaliphatic polyamine having from 6 to 25 carbon atoms, or the residue formed by removing y amino groups from an aromatic polyamine having from 6 to 25 carbon atoms; any of the foregoing polyamines may optionally further comprise heteroatoms in their backbone; Y １ is X １ has the same definition as Z ０ is a residue formed by removing z' amino groups and z" carboxyl groups from an unsaturated or saturated aliphatic aminocarboxylic acid having 2 to 25 carbon atoms, a residue formed by removing z' amino groups and z" carboxyl groups from a saturated or unsaturated alicyclic aminocarboxylic acid having 7 to 25 carbon atoms, or a residue formed by removing z' amino groups and z" carboxyl groups from an aromatic aminocarboxylic acid having 7 to 25 carbon atoms, any of which may optionally further contain heteroatoms in its backbone; Radical Z １ and Z ２ are, independently of each other, X １ 3. The use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amide is any bis-, tris-, or tetra-amide of the formula (I) having the same definition as given for

4. The additive is a tris- or tetra-amide according to formula (IA), wherein: x is an integer of 3 or 4; X ０ is a residue obtained by removing all carboxyl groups from 1,2,3-propanecarboxylic acid or 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid; X １ is represented by the formula (ID) 【Chemistry 2】 is expressed as Three or four Xs ２ are the same or different and each independently represent a hydrogen atom or C １ ~C １０ represents a linear or branched alkyl group of the formula:

4. The use according to claim 3.

5. If the sum of x, y, or z' and z'' is 2, then X ０ , Y ０ , and Z ０ is a group of formula (II), (III), (IVA), or (IVB) 【Chemistry 3】 (wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted or branched C １ ~C ４ Alkyl, optionally substituted C ３ ~C １２ cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted C ６ ~C ２０ (representing aryl) and If x, y, or the sum of z' and z'' is 3, then X ０ , Y ０ , and Z ０ is a group of formula (V) 【Chemistry 4】 The use according to claim 3, wherein

6. The additive is a bisamide or trisamide of formula (IB), and when the additive is a bisamide, Y ０ is represented by formula (III) or formula (II), and when the additive is a trisamide, Y ０ The use according to claim 5, wherein the compound is represented by formula (V):

7. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or 5 or 6, wherein the additive is an aromatic bisamide of formula (VI) 【Chemistry 5】 (Wherein R1 and R2 are each independently C １ ~C ５ Linear or branched alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted C ３ ~C ６ cycloalkyl, preferably R1 and R2 are both tertiary butyl).

8. The additive is represented by formula (VII) 【Chemistry 6】 (Wherein R1, R2, and R3 are each independently C １ ~C ５ Linear or branched alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted C ３ ~C ６ cycloalkyl, and preferably R1, R2, and R3 are all tertiary butyl. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 5 or 6, wherein the aromatic trisamide is

9. The additive is represented by formula (VIII) 【Chemistry 7】 (In the formula, p is 0 or 1; m and n are each independently an integer from 0 to 3; Each radical R is independently of the others C １ ~C ８ Alkyl, C １ ~C ８ Alkoxy, hydroxy, halogen, pseudohalogen, C １ ~C ８ Alkylthio, C １ ~C ８ alkylsulfoxy, or two radicals R together with two adjacent carbon atoms of the unsaturated parent ring form a 5- to 7-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring, and R1 is hydrogen or C １ ~C ３ alkyl) 3. The use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sorbitol acetal is

10. The additive is represented by formula (IX) 【Chemistry 8】 10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the sorbitol acetal is

11. The additive is represented by formula (X) 【Chemistry 9】 10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the sorbitol acetal is

12. Use according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polyethylene comprises the additive in an amount of 0.005 to 0.5% by weight.

13. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the polyethylene is a polyethylene film.

14. Light stabilizers, antioxidants, visbreaking agents; metal deactivators; phosphites and phosphonites; nitrones; thiosynergists; peroxide scavengers; Basic co-stabilizers; nucleating agents; fillers and reinforcing agents; benzofuranones; indolinones; slip agents; The use according to any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of an acid scavenger; an antiblocking agent; and an antifogging agent.

15. A method for improving the melt strength and / or melt elasticity and / or drawability of polyethylene by adding to said polyethylene an additive selected from the group consisting of bisamides, trisamides, tetraamides, and sorbitol acetals.

16. 1. A polyethylene having improved melt strength and / or melt elasticity and / or stretchability, comprising an additive for improving the melt strength and / or melt elasticity and / or stretchability of the polyethylene, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of bisamides, trisamides, tetraamides, and sorbitol acetals.

Images