Flame-retardant polyamide composition

Abstract

The present invention relates to a polyamide composition comprising: A) 20% to 90% by weight of an aliphatic polyamide having a melting temperature of 245°C or less and an intrinsic viscosity in the range of 90 ml / g to 240 ml / g, as measured in accordance with ISO 307; B) 3% to 12% by weight of red phosphorus; C) 3% to 12% by weight of magnesium hydroxide; D) 3% to 12% by weight of an impact modifier; and E) 0 to 50% by weight of a reinforcing agent, each based on the total weight of the polyamide composition; and further to use of the polyamide composition for producing a plastic article requiring resistance to heat aging at high temperatures.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to flame retardant polyamide compositions and their use in plastic articles requiring resistance to heat aging at elevated temperatures, particularly plastic parts for E&E systems and battery systems in new electric vehicles.

[0002] Background of the Invention Flame-retardant plastic materials are widely used in the manufacture of electrical and electronic (E&E) system components, such as connectors, miniature circuit breakers (MCBs), and molded case circuit breakers (MCCBs), as well as components for new electric vehicle (NEV) battery systems, such as connectors, bus bars, battery covers, and module holders. With the trend toward smaller components in E&E systems and lighter battery systems in new electric vehicles, flame-retardant materials must have higher flame-retardant performance, i.e., thinner, e.g., 1.5 millimeters (mm) or even 0.8 mm, and meet the V0 requirements of the UL94 standard.

[0003] Furthermore, plastic parts that come into contact with electrical or electronic units generally operate under harsh conditions, such as high temperatures (e.g., up to 160°C), because the electrical units generate a large amount of heat during operation. For these reasons, plastic parts are required to have high heat aging resistance in addition to high flame retardancy performance to ensure a long and safe service life of the plastic parts.

[0004] Flame-retardant polyamide materials, such as flame-retardant PA66, are typically used in E&E systems and NEV battery systems. However, these materials must contain special heat stabilizers to provide heat aging resistance at high temperatures (e.g., up to 160°C). These special heat stabilizers contain metal ions combined with halide species. Unfortunately, the metal ions and halide species can cause corrosion of metal components and thus electrical unit failure. It is important to develop flame-retardant polyamide materials that can exhibit good heat aging resistance without or with reduced amounts of special heat stabilizers.

[0005] It would therefore be desirable to find a flame-retardant polyamide material that is thin, meets the flame-retardant requirements of V0 according to UL94 standards, and at the same time exhibits good heat aging resistance at high temperatures (e.g., 160°C).

[0006] Summary of the Invention An object of the present invention is to provide a flame-retardant polyamide material for manufacturing articles or parts in E&E systems and NEV battery systems, which has flame-retardant performance that meets the V0 requirements in accordance with UL94 standard at a thickness of 1.5 mm, preferably 0.80 mm, and at the same time exhibits good heat aging resistance at high temperatures (e.g., 160°C).

[0007] This objective was achieved by a flame retardant polyamide composition containing a combination of red phosphorus, magnesium hydroxide and an impact modifier.

[0008] A flame-retardant polyamide composition containing a combination of red phosphorus and magnesium hydroxide is known from, for example, WO 2021 / 122111 (A1). This patent application describes a flame-retardant polyamide composition for manufacturing industrial fans or blowers, specifically a flame-retardant mixture containing (i) 1.0 to 10.0 wt. % red phosphorus and (ii) 1.0 to 10.0 wt. % magnesium hydroxide, based on the total weight of the flame-retardant polyamide composition, where the weight ratio of (i) to (ii) in the flame-retardant mixture is in the range of 1:5 to 5:1, and the flame-retardant polyamide composition has a viscosity number (determined according to ISO 307) of at least 114 ml / g. This patent application also states that the flame-retardant polyamide composition can meet the 5VA requirement according to UL94 at a thickness of 2.0 mm. There was no mention of heat aging resistance at high temperatures encountered during the operation of E&E systems and NEV battery systems. It is known that the maximum temperatures encountered by industrial fans or blowers are generally 80°C, and rarely up to 110°C, which is much lower than the high temperatures encountered during the operation of E&E systems and NEV battery systems.

[0009] Surprisingly, the inventors have found that by combining red phosphorus, magnesium hydroxide and an impact modifier in a polyamide matrix material in the manner described herein, it is possible to provide a flame retardant polyamide composition that has both desirable flame retardant performance and good heat aging resistance at high temperatures (e.g., 160°C).

[0010] Thus, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a polyamide composition comprising: A) 20% to 90% by weight of an aliphatic polyamide having a melting temperature of less than or equal to 245°C and an intrinsic viscosity in the range of 90 ml / g to 240 ml / g, as measured according to ISO 307; B) 3% to 12% by weight of red phosphorus; C) 3% to 12% by weight of magnesium hydroxide; D) 3% to 12% by weight of an impact modifier, and E) 0 to 50% by weight of reinforcing agent The present invention relates to a flame retardant polyamide composition comprising:

[0011] In a second aspect, the present invention relates to the use of the flame retardant polyamide composition as described herein for making plastic articles requiring resistance to heat aging at high temperatures, particularly plastic parts in E&E systems and NEV battery systems.

[0012] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to articles, particularly plastic parts in E&E systems and NEV battery systems, made using the flame retardant polyamide compositions described herein.

[0013] Detailed Description of the Invention The present invention is described in detail below. It should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in many different ways and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0014] The singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The term "comprise," "comprising," etc., is used interchangeably with "contain," "containing," etc., and should be interpreted in an open and unrestricted manner; that is, for example, that additional components or elements may be present. The term "consists of" or "consisting of" or cognate phrases may be subsumed within "comprises" or "comprising" or cognate phrases.

[0015] The various aspects of the present invention are defined in more detail. Each aspect so defined can be combined with any other aspect(s), unless expressly indicated otherwise. In particular, any feature indicated as preferred can be combined with any other feature(s) generally described as preferred or indicated as preferred.

[0016] As used herein, any reference to "some embodiments" means that the particular components, amounts, compositions, or features described in connection with the embodiments are included in some exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Thus, the appearance of the phrase "in some embodiments" or similar phrases in various places throughout the description do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment, although they may. Furthermore, the components, amounts, compositions, or features may be combined in any suitable manner apparent to one skilled in the art from the disclosure of more embodiments.

[0017] As used herein, the terms "flame retardant polyamide composition" and "polyamide composition" are used interchangeably and refer to a flame retardant polyamide composition according to the present invention.

[0018] [Flame-retardant polyamide composition] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a polyamide composition comprising: A) 20% to 90% by weight of an aliphatic polyamide having a melting temperature of less than or equal to 245°C and an intrinsic viscosity in the range of 90 ml / g to 240 ml / g, as measured according to ISO 307; B) 3% to 12% by weight of red phosphorus; C) 3% to 12% by weight of magnesium hydroxide; D) 3% to 12% by weight of an impact modifier, and E) 0 to 50% by weight of reinforcing agent The present invention provides a flame retardant polyamide composition comprising:

[0019] A) Polyamide The polyamide composition according to the invention comprises as component A) an aliphatic polyamide.

[0020] Polyamides suitable for the present invention may have a melting temperature of 245°C or less, preferably 230°C or less, as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

[0021] Furthermore, polyamides suitable for the present invention may have an intrinsic viscosity, measured according to ISO 307, in the range of 90 ml / g to 240 ml / g, preferably 100 ml / g to 220 ml / g, more preferably 130 ml / g to 200 ml / g, or in the range of 140 ml / g to 180 ml / g.

[0022] As used herein, the intrinsic viscosity number is determined according to ISO 307 from a 0.5% by weight solution of the polyamide in 96% by weight sulfuric acid at 25°C.

[0023] Polyamides suitable for the present invention are aliphatic polyamides which may be derived from, for example, lactams, amino acids, ω-aminoalkylnitriles, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with aliphatic diamines, or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid chlorides with aliphatic diamines.

[0024] Suitable lactams can be those having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, such as caprolactam, caprylolactam, caprinolactam, undecanolactam, laurolactam, or any combination thereof. Examples of aliphatic polyamides derived from lactams can include, but are not limited to, polycaprolactam, polycaprylolactam, polycaprinolactam, polyundecanolactam, polylaurolactam, or any combination thereof.

[0025] Suitable amino acids can be those having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, such as 6-aminoadipic acid, 9-aminononanoic acid, 10-aminodecanoic acid, 11-aminoundecanoic acid, 12-aminododecanoic acid, or any combination thereof. Examples of aliphatic polyamides derived from amino acids can include, but are not limited to, polycaprolactam, polycaprylolactam, polycaprinolactam, polyundecanolactam, polylaurolactam, or any combination thereof.

[0026] A suitable ω-aminoalkylnitrile may be, for example, aminocapronitrile, from which polycaprolactam can be obtained.

[0027] Suitable aliphatic dicarboxylic acids may be alkane dicarboxylic acids having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, such as adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, or any combination thereof.

[0028] Suitable aliphatic dicarboxylic acid chlorides may be alkanedicarboxylic acid chlorides having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, such as adipoyl dichloride, heptanediol dichloride, suberoyl dichloride, azelayl dichloride, sebacoyl dichloride, undecanediol dichloride, lauroyl dichloride, or any combination thereof.

[0029] Suitable aliphatic diamines may be alkanediamines having 5 to 14 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, such as 1,5-pentanediamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,7-heptanediamine, 1,8-octanediamine, 1,9-nonanediamine, 1,10-decanediamine, 1,11-undecanediamine, 1,12-dodecanediamine, 1,13-tridecanediamine, 1,14-tetradecanediamine, or any combination thereof.

[0030] Examples of aliphatic polyamides derived from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with aliphatic diamines or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid chlorides with aliphatic diamines include, but are not limited to, PA4.10, PA5.10, PA5.13, PA6.8, PA6.9, PA6.10, PA6.12, PA6.13, PA6.14, PA6.18, PA8.8, PA8.10, PA8.12, PA10.6, PA10.8, PA10.10, PA10.12, PA10.14, PA10.18, PA12.10, PA12.12, PA12.14, and PA12.18.

[0031] In some embodiments, the aliphatic polyamide as component A) can be selected from PA6, PA11, PA12, PA5.10, PA6.8, PA6.9, PA6.10, PA6.12, PA10.6, PA10.10, or any combination thereof, of which PA6 is more preferred.

[0032] In some further embodiments, the aliphatic polyamide as component A) comprises a major amount of PA6, for example, an amount greater than 50 wt.%, 60 wt.% or more, 75 wt.% or more, or even 90 wt.% or more, based on the total amount of component A).

[0033] The aliphatic polyamide may be present in the polyamide composition according to the invention in an amount of 20% to 90% by weight, for example 25% to 60% by weight, preferably 35% to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.

[0034] The aliphatic polyamides disclosed herein should not be limited to those prepared from virgin crude oil monomers, but may also be fully or at least partially bio-based or derived from waste streams or recycling activities, i.e., the aliphatic polyamides used herein can be based on reusable, secondary, or recycled materials. For example, PA6, PA6.8, PA6.9, PA6.10, PA6.12, PA10.6, PA10.10, PA11, and PA12 used as component (A) in the present application can be prepared, obtained, or derived from monomers obtained in a remonomerization process.

[0035] B) Red phosphorus The polyamide composition according to the invention comprises red phosphorus as component B).

[0036] Red phosphorus is included in the polyamide composition according to the present invention as an inorganic flame retardant known in the art, and may be present in the polyamide composition according to the present invention in an amount of 3 to 12% by weight, for example 4 to 10% by weight, preferably 5 to 7% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.

[0037] Red phosphorus may be used in conventional forms as a flame retardant, such as masterbatch particles.

[0038] In some embodiments, the polyamide composition according to the present invention does not contain other flame retardants, in particular halogenated or non-halogenated nitrogen-based flame retardants.

[0039] It should be understood that the amount of red phosphorus referred to herein is intended to refer to the red phosphorus itself. The amount of polymer matrix in the red phosphorus masterbatch is not to be counted in the amount of red phosphorus discussed for component B).

[0040] C) Magnesium hydroxide The polyamide composition according to the invention comprises magnesium hydroxide as component C).

[0041] Magnesium hydroxide is included in the polyamide composition according to the present invention as a flame retardant synergist known in the art.

[0042] Magnesium hydroxide may be used in conventional forms, such as powder, which may or may not be surface-treated with a surface treatment agent. Examples of surface treatment agents include, but are not limited to, higher fatty acids or alkali metal salts thereof, such as oleic acid and stearic acid, silane coupling agents, such as vinylsilanes and aminosilanes, titanate-containing coupling agents, aluminum-containing coupling agents, and partially esterified orthophosphate products. The amount of surface treatment agent may range from 0.1 to 10 wt. % based on the total weight of the magnesium hydroxide powder.

[0043] Preferably, magnesium hydroxide surface treated with a silane coupling agent is included in the polyamide composition according to the present invention as a flame retardant synergist.

[0044] Magnesium hydroxide may be present in the polyamide composition according to the invention in an amount of 3% to 12% by weight, for example 4% to 8% by weight, preferably 4% to 7% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.

[0045] In some embodiments, red phosphorus and magnesium hydroxide can be used in a weight ratio ranging from 1:5 to 5:1, such as 1:2 to 3:1, preferably 1:1 to 2:1.

[0046] In some further embodiments, the polyamide compositions according to the present invention contain no other flame retardant synergists.

[0047] D) Impact modifier The polyamide composition according to the invention comprises as component D) an impact modifier.

[0048] Impact modifiers are often referred to as rubbers or elastomeric polymers. Suitable impact modifiers include (i) olefinic rubbers, (ii) olefinic rubbers grafted with reactive carboxylic acids or their derivatives, and (iii) copolymers or ionomers based on olefinic and (meth)acrylic monomers.

[0049] Suitable impact modifiers may be olefinic rubbers known per se, such as polyolefins containing repeating units derived from one or more olefins having from 2 to 10 or more carbon atoms, for example, ethylene-propylene (EPM) type rubbers and ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) type rubbers. Examples of diene monomers for EPDM type rubbers are conjugated dienes such as isoprene and butadiene, non-conjugated dienes having 5 to 25 carbon atoms such as 1,4-pentadiene, 1,4-hexadiene, 1,5-hexadiene, 2,5-dimethyl-1,5-hexadiene and 1,4-octadiene, cyclic dienes such as cyclopentadiene, cyclohexadiene, cyclooctadiene and dicyclopentadiene, and also alkenylnorbornenes such as 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene, 5-butylidene-2-norbornene, 2-methallyl-5-norbornene and 2-isopropenyl-5-norbornene, and 3-methyltricyclo[2.1.0]diene. 2,6 ]-3,8-decadiene, or any combination thereof.

[0050] A suitable impact modifier may also be an olefinic rubber grafted with a reactive carboxylic acid or its derivative. The olefinic rubber is as described above. Examples of reactive carboxylic acids or their derivatives include maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, and the C of maleic acid. 1~4 -alkyl half esters, acid anhydrides, acid imides, as well as epoxy-functional esters such as the glycidyl esters of the above acids.

[0051] Suitable impact modifiers may also be copolymers based on olefinic and (meth)acrylic monomers. Such copolymers generally contain (a) 40% to 98% by weight of ethylene, butylene, propylene, or any combination thereof; (b) 0.1% to 40% by weight of a C acrylate such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isobutyl, and tert-butyl (meth)acrylate. 1~8The polymerizable composition is derived from monomers including one or more monomers selected from alkyl (meth)acrylates, (c) 2% to 25% by weight of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid, and (d) 0.1% to 15% of one or more monomers selected from ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, their esters and acid anhydrides, and epoxy-containing monomers. Examples of ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids include, but are not limited to, maleic acid, fumaric acid, and itaconic acid. The epoxy-containing monomer may be, for example, a glycidyl ester of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, particularly a (meth)acrylate, such as glycidyl acrylate or glycidyl methacrylate.

[0052] It will be understood that the rubber or elastomeric polymers described above as impact modifiers, when containing carboxyl-containing units therein, may be neutralized and are also referred to as ionomers. For example, ionomers may be formed by partial or complete neutralization of the carboxyl-containing units with metal ions selected from zinc, magnesium, manganese, or mixtures thereof, either alone or in combination with sodium or lithium ions.

[0053] In some embodiments, the polyamide composition according to the present invention comprises, as an impact modifier, a copolymer of 40% to 98% by weight of ethylene, 10% to 40% by weight of n-butyl acrylate, 1% to 10% by weight of acrylic acid, and 0.1% to 5% by weight of maleic anhydride. An example of such a copolymer is available as Lupolen® KR1270 from BASF SE.

[0054] The impact modifier may be present in the polyamide composition according to the invention in an amount of 3% to 12% by weight, for example 5% to 10% by weight, preferably 6% to 8% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.

[0055] E) Reinforcing agents Optionally, the polyamide composition according to the invention may further comprise a reinforcing agent as component E), which may be of various types, such as, without particular limitation, fibers, whiskers, flakes and particles. Useful reinforcing agents may in particular be selected from fibrous reinforcing agents and particulate fillers.

[0056] Examples of fibrous reinforcing agents include, but are not limited to, metal fibers such as brass fibers, stainless steel fibers, steel fibers, metallized inorganic fibers, metallized synthetic fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, boron fibers, asbestos fibers, ceramic fibers, mineral fibers, basalt fibers, kenaf fibers, jute fibers, bamboo fibers, flax fibers, hemp fibers, bagasse fibers, cellulosic fibers, sisal fibers, and coir fibers. Preferably, the fibrous reinforcing agent can be selected from metallized synthetic fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, ceramic fibers, mineral fibers, basalt fibers, kenaf fibers, and jute fibers, with glass fibers and carbon fibers being more preferred.

[0057] The fiber length and diameter of the fibrous reinforcing agent are not particularly limited. For example, chopped fibers or continuous fibers having lengths ranging from 1 to 10 mm, preferably from 2 to 6 mm, may be used as the starting material for the reinforcing agent. During processing, for example, during kneading of the polyamide composition, the fibers are broken down into lengths of several hundred microns that are present in the resulting molded product. The fiber diameter is generally in the range of 3 to 20 μm, preferably 7 to 13 μm.

[0058] Examples of cross-sectional shapes of the fibrous reinforcing agent include, for example, circular, rectangular, elliptical, and other non-circular shapes, with circular shapes being particularly preferred. The fibrous reinforcing agent may have a cross-section with an aspect ratio in the range of 1:1 to 5:1.

[0059] Glass fibers are particularly useful as fibrous reinforcing agents for the present invention. The glass fibers may be surface-treated with a silane coupling agent, such as a vinyl silane coupling agent, an acrylic silane coupling agent, an epoxy silane coupling agent, or an amino silane coupling agent, preferably an amino silane coupling agent. The silane coupling agent may be dispersed in a sizing agent. Examples of sizing agents include acrylic acid compounds, acrylic acid / maleic acid derivative-modified compounds, epoxy compounds, urethane compounds, urethane / maleic acid derivative-modified compounds, and urethane / amine-modified compounds.

[0060] The particulate filler can be organic or inorganic and can have a variety of particle sizes, ranging from dust-like particles to coarse particles. Examples of materials that can be used as inorganic particulate fillers include, but are not limited to, kaolin, chalk, wollastonite, talc, calcium carbonate, silicates, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, graphite, mica, vermiculite, montmorillonite, and glass particles (e.g., glass beads).

[0061] In some embodiments, the reinforcing agent as component B) is selected from glass fibers, which may be, for example, E-glass, A-glass, D-glass, AR-glass, C-glass and S-glass fibers, or any other high-modulus or high-strength glass fibers, such as M-glass and HMG-glass fibers.

[0062] If a reinforcing agent is included, it may be present in the polyamide composition according to the present invention in an amount of 10% to 50% by weight, preferably 15% to 50% by weight, more preferably 20% to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.

[0063] The reinforcing agent as component (E) disclosed herein can also be based on renewable, secondary, or recycled materials. For example, the glass fibers used herein can be recycled glass fibers or renewable glass fibers obtained from conventional recycling processes.

[0064] F) Additional additives The polyamide composition according to the present invention may optionally comprise at least one additional additive, such as a stabilizer, a lubricant, a colorant, a mold release agent, an anti-drip agent, a compatibilizer, a plasticizer, a surfactant, a nucleating agent, a coupling agent, an antimicrobial agent, an antistatic agent, and any combination thereof.

[0065] When included, the at least one additional additive may be present in conventional amounts. For example, the polyamide composition may include the at least one additional additive in an amount of 0.01 wt. % to 15 wt. %, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.

[0066] Stabilizers The polyamide composition may include, for example, a stabilizer. Suitable stabilizers may include, but are not limited to, organic stabilizers such as phosphite stabilizers, hindered phenol stabilizers, hindered amine stabilizers, oxanilide stabilizers, organic sulfur stabilizers, and secondary aromatic amine stabilizers, as well as inorganic stabilizers such as combinations of copper compounds and halides, and inorganic phosphorus-containing stabilizers.

[0067] Examples of the organic phosphite stabilizer include distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, di-nonylphenyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-t-butyl-4-ethylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-t-butyl-4-isopropylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, and bis(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite. diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-t-butyl-4-sec-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-t-butyl-4-t-octylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, diethyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl phosphate, and tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)-4,4′-bisphenylenephosphonate.

[0068] Examples of hindered phenol stabilizers include N,N'-hexane-1,6-diylbis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionamide), 4,6-bis(octylthiomethyl)-o-cresol, octyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate, and 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid C 7~9-branched alkyl esters, 2,4-bis[(dodecylthio)methyl]-o-cresol, pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), triethylene glycol bis[3-(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], 2,4-bis(n-octylthio)-6-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate, 2,2-thiodiethylenebis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], 4 ,4'-butylidenebis-(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, hexamethylenebis[3-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionate] and calcium bis[monoethyl(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phosphonate], more preferably N,N'-hexane-1,6-diylbis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl-propionamide).

[0069] Examples of the hindered amine stabilizer include 4-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-stearoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-acryloyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-phenylacetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-cyclohexyloxy-2, 2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine, 4-benzyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-phenoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-ethylcarbamoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-cyclohexylcarbamoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-phenylcarbamoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)carbonate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)oxa late, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)malonate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)adipate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)terephthalate, 1,2-bisbis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyloxy)ethane, α,α'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyloxy)-p-xylene, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyltolylene)-2, 4-Dicarbamate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylene-1,6-dicarbamate, tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate, tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)benzene-1,3,4-tricarboxylate, 1-[2-{3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyloxy}butyl]-4-[3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyloxy]-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, a condensation product of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinol, and β,β,β',β'-tetramethyl-3,9-(2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro(5,5)undecane)diethanol, a polycondensation product of dimethyl succinate and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, and 1,3-benzenedicarboxamido-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl).

[0070] Oxanilide stabilizers include 4,4'-dioctyloxyoxanilide, 2,2'-diethoxyoxanilide, 2,2'-dioctyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide, 2,2'-didodecyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxanilide, N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)oxanilide, 2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-ethoxanilide, and mixtures thereof with 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4'-di-tert-butoxanilide, mixtures of o- and p-methoxy-disubstituted oxanilides, mixtures of o- and p-ethoxy-disubstituted oxanilides.

[0071] Examples of the organic sulfur stabilizer include organic thioate compounds such as didodecylthiodipropionate, ditetradecylthiodipropionate, dioctadecylthiodipropionate, pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-dodecylthiopropionate) and thiobis(N-phenyl-β-naphthylamine); mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, 2-mercaptomethylbenzimidazole, and metal salts of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole; dithiocarbamate compounds such as metal salts of diethyldithiocarbamate and metal salts of dibutyldithiocarbamate, and thiourea compounds such as 1,3-bis(dimethylaminopropyl)-2-thiourea and tributylthiourea, as well as tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate, nickel isopropylxanthate, and trilauryl trithiophosphite.

[0072] Examples of secondary aromatic amine stabilizers include p,p'-dialkyldiphenylamines in which the alkyl group has 8 to 14 carbon atoms, octylated diphenylamine, 4,4'-bis(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine, p-(p-toluenesulfonylamido)diphenylamine, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-N'-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, and N-phenyl-N'-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine. compounds having a diphenylamine skeleton such as N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine and N,N'-di-2-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine; compounds having a phenylnaphthylamine skeleton such as N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine and N,N'-di-2-naphthyl-p-phenylenediamine; and compounds having a dinaphthylamine skeleton such as 2,2'-dinaphthylamine, 1,2'-dinaphthylamine, and 1,1'-dinaphthylamine.

[0073] Inorganic stabilizers include, for example, copper / halide-based stabilizers and inorganic phosphorus-containing stabilizers. Copper / halide-based stabilizers generally contain a copper compound and an alkali metal halide. The copper compound may be copper(I) oxide, copper(II) oxide, a copper(I) salt such as copper(I) acetate or copper(I) stearate, or a monovalent copper complex such as copper acetylacetonate or copper(I) halide. The alkali metal halide may preferably be lithium, sodium, or potassium bromide and iodide. An example of a combination of a copper compound and a halide is CuI and KI. Inorganic phosphorus-containing stabilizers include, for example, phosphate, phosphite, and hypophosphite stabilizers, particularly alkali metal phosphates, phosphites, and hypophosphites.

[0074] Further inorganic stabilizers may include acid scavengers based on zinc or alkaline earth metal hydrotalcites or oxides or hydroxides or salts. Examples of acid scavengers include natural or synthetic hydrotalcites, ZnO, Zn borate, Zn stannate, MgO, Mg(OH), ZnCO, basic ZnCO, MgCO, and CaCO.

[0075] When a stabilizer is included, it may be present in an amount of 0.01 to 5 wt. %, such as 0.01 to 3 wt. %, or 0.01 to 2 wt. %, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.

[0076] In some embodiments, the polyamide composition comprises a copper / halide stabilizer in an amount of 0.15 wt.% or less, 0.1 wt.% or less, or 0.01 wt.% or less, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition. Preferably, the polyamide composition is free of copper / halide stabilizers.

[0077] Lubricants The polyamide composition may, for example, contain a lubricant. Suitable lubricants may be selected from esters or amides of saturated or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids having 10 to 40, preferably 16 to 22, carbon atoms with saturated aliphatic alcohols or amines having 2 to 40, preferably 2 to 6, carbon atoms.

[0078] The carboxylic acids may be monobasic or dibasic, such as pelargonic, palmitic, lauric, margaric, dodecanedioic and behenic acids, especially stearic, capric and montanic acids (a mixture of fatty acids having 30-40 carbon atoms).

[0079] The fatty alcohol may be monohydric to tetrahydric, such as n-butanol, n-octanol, stearyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, neopentyl glycol and pentaerythritol, preferably glycerol and pentaerythritol.

[0080] The aliphatic amines may be monofunctional to trifunctional, such as stearylamine, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine and di(6-aminohexyl)amine, preferably ethylenediamine and hexamethylenediamine.

[0081] Preferred esters or amides are N,N'-ethylenedi(stearamide), glycerol distearate, glycerol tristearate, glycerol monopalmitate, glycerol trilaurate, glycerol monobehenate and pentaerythritol tetrastearate, of which N,N'-ethylenedi(stearamide) is particularly preferred as a lubricant in the polyamide composition according to the invention.

[0082] Other lubricants may be long chain fatty acids (e.g., stearic acid or behenic acid), their salts (e.g., calcium stearate or zinc stearate), or montan wax (a mixture of straight chain saturated carboxylic acids with a chain length of 28 to 32 carbon atoms), calcium montanate or sodium montanate, as well as low molecular weight polyethylene waxes and low molecular weight polypropylene waxes.

[0083] When a lubricant is included, it may be present in an amount of 0.01 wt % to 2 wt %, such as 0.1 to 1 wt %, or 0.2 to 0.8 wt %, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.

[0084] ·Composition It will be understood that any of the species and / or amount options described herein, either generally or as preferred examples, for components A), B), C), D), E), and F), may be combined in any manner without limitation, such as combining a general range of amounts for one component with any preferred range of amounts for another component, or a preferred range of amounts for one component with a general range of amounts for another component, etc.

[0085] As an example of the formulation of the polyamide composition according to the invention, the following embodiment is described.

[0086] In some embodiments, the polyamide according to the present invention comprises: A) 25% to 60% by weight of an aliphatic polyamide having a melting temperature of less than or equal to 245°C and an intrinsic viscosity in the range of 90 ml / g to 240 ml / g, as measured according to ISO 307; B) 4% to 10% by weight of red phosphorus; C) 4% to 8% by weight of magnesium hydroxide; D) 5% to 10% by weight of an impact modifier, and E) Optional 10% to 50% by weight of a reinforcing agent Includes:

[0087] In some further embodiments, the polyamide according to the present invention comprises: A) 35% to 60% by weight of an aliphatic polyamide having a melting temperature of less than or equal to 245°C and an intrinsic viscosity in the range of 90 ml / g to 240 ml / g, as measured according to ISO 307; B) 5% to 7% by weight of red phosphorus; C) 4% to 7% by weight of magnesium hydroxide; D) 6% to 8% by weight of an impact modifier, and E) Optional 15% to 50% by weight of a reinforcing agent Includes:

[0088] In a still further embodiment, the polyamide according to the invention comprises: A) 35% to 60% by weight of an aliphatic polyamide having a melting temperature of less than or equal to 245°C and an intrinsic viscosity in the range of 100 ml / g to 220 ml / g, as measured according to ISO 307; B) 5% to 7% by weight of red phosphorus; C) 4% to 7% by weight of magnesium hydroxide; D) 6% to 8% by weight of an impact modifier, and E) Optionally, 20% to 40% by weight of a reinforcing agent Includes:

[0089] In some particular embodiments, the polyamide according to the present invention comprises: A) 35% to 60% by weight of an aliphatic polyamide having a melting temperature of less than or equal to 230°C and an intrinsic viscosity in the range of 130 ml / g to 200 ml / g, as measured according to ISO 307; B) 5% to 7% by weight of red phosphorus; C) 4% to 7% by weight of magnesium hydroxide; D) 6% to 8% by weight of an impact modifier comprising a copolymer of 40% to 98% by weight of ethylene, 10% to 40% by weight of n-butyl acrylate, 1% to 10% by weight of acrylic acid, and 0.1% to 5% by weight of maleic anhydride or an ionomer thereof; and E) Optionally, 20% to 40% by weight of a reinforcing agent Includes:

[0090] In some other particular embodiments, the polyamide according to the present invention comprises: A) 35% to 60% by weight of an aliphatic polyamide having a melting temperature of less than or equal to 230°C and an intrinsic viscosity in the range of 140 ml / g to 180 ml / g, as measured according to ISO 307; B) 5% to 7% by weight of red phosphorus; C) 4% to 7% by weight of magnesium hydroxide; D) 6% to 8% by weight of an impact modifier comprising a copolymer of 40% to 98% by weight of ethylene, 10% to 40% by weight of n-butyl acrylate, 1% to 10% by weight of acrylic acid, and 0.1% to 5% by weight of maleic anhydride or an ionomer thereof; and E) Optionally, 20% to 40% by weight of a reinforcing agent Includes:

[0091] In some exemplary specific embodiments, the polyamide according to the present invention comprises: A) 35% to 60% by weight of PA6, B) 5% to 7% by weight of red phosphorus; C) 4% to 7% by weight of magnesium hydroxide; D) 6% to 8% by weight of an impact modifier comprising a copolymer of 40% to 98% by weight of ethylene, 10% to 40% by weight of n-butyl acrylate, 1% to 10% by weight of acrylic acid, and 0.1% to 5% by weight of maleic anhydride or an ionomer thereof; and E) Optionally, 20% to 40% by weight of a reinforcing agent Includes:

[0092] In any of the above embodiments, components B), C) and D) are preferably present in a total amount of 30 wt. % or less, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.

[0093] The polyamide composition of the present invention can be processed by any conventional method without particular limitations. This method includes compounding at least the components described herein. Compounding itself is a technique well known to those skilled in the art of polymer processing and manufacturing, and consists of preparing a plastic formulation by mixing and / or blending the components in a molten state. Mixing can be carried out at a rotation speed ranging from 200 rpm to 320 rpm. It is understood in the art that compounding differs from blending or mixing processes that are carried out at temperatures below the melting point of the components. Compounding can be used, for example, to form a masterbatch composition. Compounding can involve, for example, adding the masterbatch composition to a polymer to form a further polymer composition. Compounding can be carried out at temperatures ranging from 220°C to 350°C.

[0094] The polyamide composition can be formed into an article of desired shape by molding, such as, for example, compression molding, injection molding, stretch blow molding, injection blow molding and blow molding, extrusion, casting or thermoforming.

[0095] [Use of polyamide composition] The present inventors have surprisingly found that the polyamide composition according to the present invention can exhibit excellent heat aging resistance at high temperatures without using any special heat stabilizer, while satisfying the flame retardancy requirement of V0 in accordance with the UL94 standard.

[0096] Thus, in a second aspect, the present invention provides the use of a polyamide composition as described herein for the manufacture of a plastic article requiring resistance to heat aging at high temperatures (e.g., 160°C or higher).

[0097] In particular, the present invention provides the use of the polyamide compositions described herein for manufacturing plastic parts in E&E systems and NEV battery systems.

[0098] [Goods] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to articles made using the polyamide compositions described herein, which are useful in a variety of applications, particularly in E&E systems and NEV battery systems.

[0099] For example, articles made using the polyamide composition can be connectors, miniature circuit breakers and molded case circuit breakers in E&E systems, and connectors, bus bars, battery covers and module holders in new electric vehicle (NEV) battery systems.

[0100] [Embodiment] Various embodiments are listed below, and it will be understood that the embodiments listed below can be combined with all aspects and other embodiments consistent with the scope of the present invention.

[0101] 1. Each based on the total weight of the polyamide composition, A) 20% to 90% by weight of an aliphatic polyamide having a melting temperature of less than or equal to 245°C and an intrinsic viscosity in the range of 90 ml / g to 240 ml / g, as measured according to ISO 307; B) 3% to 12% by weight of red phosphorus; C) 3% to 12% by weight of magnesium hydroxide; D) 3% to 12% by weight of an impact modifier, and E) 0 to 50% by weight of reinforcing agent 1. A polyamide composition comprising: 2. The polyamide composition of embodiment 1, wherein the aliphatic polyamide has a melting temperature of 230°C or less. 3. The polyamide composition of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the aliphatic polyamide is selected from PA4.10, PA5.10, PA5.13, PA6.8, PA6.9, PA6.10, PA6.12, PA6.13, PA6.14, PA6.18, PA8.8, PA8.10, PA8.12, PA10.6, PA10.8, PA10.10, PA10.12, PA10.14, PA10.18, PA12.10, PA12.12, PA12.14, PA12.18, or any combination thereof. 4. The polyamide composition of any one of embodiments 1-3, wherein the aliphatic polyamide comprises PA6 in an amount greater than 50 wt.%, 60 wt.% or more, 75 wt.% or more, or even 90 wt.% or more, based on the total amount of aliphatic polyamide. 5. The polyamide composition according to embodiment 4, wherein the aliphatic polyamide as component A) is PA6. 6. The polyamide composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the impact modifier is selected from (i) an olefinic rubber, (ii) an olefinic rubber grafted with a reactive carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof, (iii) a copolymer based on olefinic and (meth)acrylic monomers or an ionomer thereof, or any combination thereof. 7. The polyamide composition according to embodiment 6, wherein the impact modifier is selected from copolymers based on olefinic and (meth)acrylic monomers or ionomers thereof. 8. A copolymer based on olefinic and (meth)acrylic monomers, comprising: (a) 40% to 98% by weight of ethylene, butylene, propylene, or any combination thereof; (b) 0.1% to 40% by weight of C acrylates such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isobutyl, and tert-butyl (meth)acrylates; 1~8 8. The polyamide composition of embodiment 7, comprising units of one or more monomers selected from alkyl (meth)acrylates; (c) 2% to 25% by weight of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid; and (d) 0.1% to 15% of one or more monomers selected from ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, their esters and anhydrides, and epoxy-containing monomers. 9. The polyamide composition according to embodiment 8, wherein the ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid is selected from maleic acid, fumaric acid, and itaconic acid. 10. The polyamide composition of embodiment 9, wherein the impact modifier is selected from a copolymer of 40% to 98% by weight ethylene, 10% to 40% by weight n-butyl acrylate, 1% to 10% by weight acrylic acid, and 0.1% to 5% by weight maleic anhydride. 11. The polyamide composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein component B) comprises glass fibers. 12. The polyamide composition according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein component A) is present in an amount of 25% to 60% by weight, preferably 35% to 60% by weight. 13. The polyamide composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein component B) is present in an amount of 4 wt.% to 10 wt.%, preferably 5 wt.% to 7 wt.%. 14. The polyamide composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 13, wherein component C) is present in an amount of 4 wt% to 8 wt%, preferably 4 wt% to 7 wt%. 15. The polyamide composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 14, wherein component D) is present in an amount of 5 wt% to 10 wt%, preferably 6 wt% to 8 wt%. 16. The polyamide composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein component E) is optionally present in an amount of 10 wt% to 50 wt%, preferably 15 wt% to 50 wt%, more preferably 20 wt% to 40 wt%. 17. The polyamide composition of any one of embodiments 1-16, wherein components B), C), and D) are present in a combined amount of 30 wt.% or less, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition. 18. Use of the polyamide composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 17 for the manufacture of plastic parts requiring resistance to heat aging at high temperatures, for example 160°C or higher. 19. Use of the polyamide composition according to embodiment 18 for producing plastic parts in electrical and electronic systems and new electric vehicle battery systems. 20. Articles made using the polyamide composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 17, in particular components in electrical and electronic systems and new electric vehicle battery systems. 21. The article of embodiment 20, which is a connector, a miniature circuit breaker, and a molded case circuit breaker in electrical and electronic systems, and a connector, a bus bar, a battery cover, and a module holder in new electric vehicle battery systems. [Example]

[0102] The following examples further illustrate aspects of the present invention; however, these examples are provided to illustrate certain aspects of the invention and should not be construed as limiting thereof. [Table 1]

[0103] [Measurement and test methods] (1) Flame retardancy performance was measured in accordance with UL94V (Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Standard of Safety, "Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances", pages 14 to 18, Northbrook 1998). (2) Tensile strength, tensile modulus, and tensile elongation were measured according to ISO 527-2 / 1A using a testing machine Z050 (Zwick Roell, Germany). (3) The notched Charpy impact strength was measured in accordance with ISO179 / 1eA using a testing machine HIT25P (Zwick Roell, Germany). (4) Unnotched Charpy impact strength was measured in accordance with ISO179 / 1eU using a testing machine HIT25P (Zwick Roell, Germany). (5) The tensile strength retention rate was calculated according to the following formula.

number

[0104] [Preparation of test specimens] Test specimens were prepared by granulation and molding using the formulation shown in Table 1.

[0105] The granulation process includes: (1) All ingredients except glass fiber and red phosphorus are blended in a high-speed mixer. (2) feeding the mixture obtained from (1) into the throat zone of a twin-screw extruder; (3) feeding glass fibers into the extruder via a fiber side feeder; (4) feeding the red phosphorus masterbatch into the extruder via a powder side feeder; (5) The extrudate is cut into pellets through granulation in a twin-screw extruder; Here, the screw diameter is 26 mm, the screw rotation speed is 300 rpm to 500 rpm, the throughput is 25 to 35 kg / h, and the melting temperature is 280°C.

[0106] The pellets were then molded in accordance with ISO 527-2: / 1993 to prepare test pieces for tensile tests, and the pellets were molded in accordance with ISO 179-2 to prepare test pieces for impact resistance tests.

[0107] The pellets were molded into sheets measuring 127 mm × 12.7 mm × 0.80 mm (or 1.50 mm) (length × width × thickness) to prepare test pieces for flame retardancy tests. First, the flame retardancy of the molding composition was determined by the UL94V method.

[0108] [Aging conditions] Heat aging tests were carried out in a standard laboratory oven in an air atmosphere at elevated temperatures.

[0109] The formulations and test results are summarized below in Table 1. Component amounts are expressed as weight percent. [Table 2]

[0110] Surprisingly, it has been found that the polyamide compositions according to the invention (Ex.1 to Ex.5) have significantly improved retention of mechanical performance after ageing at high temperatures of 160°C compared to polyamide compositions not according to the invention (Comp.1 to Comp.7), while at the same time meeting the flame retardancy requirements of UL94 V0 at a thickness of 1.5 mm and even at a thickness of 0.8 mm.

[0111] Surprisingly, polyamide compositions according to the invention that do not contain copper / halide stabilizers can also exhibit better heat aging resistance than polyamide compositions that contain copper / halide stabilizers (Ex. 2 vs. Ex. 4 and Ex. 5), as can be seen from the higher tensile strength retention after 1000 hours of aging and the equivalent tensile strength retention after 2000 hours of aging. The polyamide compositions according to the invention make it possible to eliminate or use in significantly reduced amounts traditional copper / halide heat stabilizers, which will be highly beneficial for plastic electrical components in terms of safety and long-term use.

Claims

1. each based on the total weight of the polyamide composition A) 20% to 90% by weight of an aliphatic polyamide having a melting temperature of less than or equal to 245°C and an intrinsic viscosity, measured according to ISO 307, in the range of 90 ml / g to 240 ml / g; B) 3% to 12% by weight of red phosphorus; C) 3% to 12% by weight of magnesium hydroxide; D) 3% to 12% by weight of an impact modifier, and E) 0 to 50% by weight of a reinforcing agent 1. A polyamide composition comprising:

2. 2. The polyamide composition according to claim 1, wherein the aliphatic polyamide has a melting temperature of 230°C or less.

3. 3. The polyamide composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the aliphatic polyamide is selected from PA4.10, PA5.10, PA5.13, PA6.8, PA6.9, PA6.10, PA6.12, PA6.13, PA6.14, PA6.18, PA8.8, PA8.10, PA8.12, PA10.6, PA10.8, PA10.10, PA10.12, PA10.14, PA10.18, PA12.10, PA12.12, PA12.14, PA12.18, or any combination thereof.

4. 4. The polyamide composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the aliphatic polyamide comprises PA6 in an amount of more than 50 wt.%, 60 wt.% or more, 75 wt.% or more, or even 90 wt.% or more, based on the total amount of the aliphatic polyamide.

5. 5. The polyamide composition according to claim 4, wherein the aliphatic polyamide as component A) is PA6.

6. 6. The polyamide composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the impact modifier is selected from (i) olefinic rubbers, (ii) olefinic rubbers grafted with reactive carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, (iii) copolymers based on olefinic and (meth)acrylic monomers or ionomers thereof, or any combination thereof.

7. 7. The polyamide composition of claim 6, wherein the impact modifier is selected from copolymers based on olefinic and (meth)acrylic monomers or ionomers thereof.

8. The copolymer based on olefinic and (meth)acrylic monomers comprises: (a) 40% to 98% by weight of ethylene, butylene, propylene, or any combination thereof; (b) 0.1% to 40% by weight of a C acrylate such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isobutyl, and tert-butyl (meth)acrylate; １～８ 8. The polyamide composition of claim 7, comprising units of one or more monomers selected from alkyl (meth)acrylates; (c) 2 to 25% by weight of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid; and (d) 0.1 to 15% of units of one or more monomers selected from ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, their esters and anhydrides, and epoxy-containing monomers.

9. 9. The polyamide composition of claim 8, wherein the ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid is selected from maleic acid, fumaric acid, and itaconic acid.

10. 10. The polyamide composition of claim 9, wherein the impact modifier is selected from a copolymer of 40% to 98% by weight ethylene, 10% to 40% by weight n-butyl acrylate, 1% to 10% by weight acrylic acid, and 0.1% to 5% by weight maleic anhydride.

11. 11. The polyamide composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein component B) comprises glass fibers.

12. Polyamide composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein component A) is present in an amount of 25 to 60% by weight, preferably 35 to 60% by weight.

13. 13. Polyamide composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein component B) is present in an amount of 4 to 10% by weight, preferably 5 to 7% by weight.

14. Polyamide composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein component C) is present in an amount of 4 to 8% by weight, preferably 4 to 7% by weight.

15. 15. Polyamide composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein component D) is present in an amount of 5 to 10 wt.%, preferably 6 to 8 wt.%.

16. 16. Polyamide composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein component E) is optionally present in an amount of 10% to 50% by weight, preferably 15% to 50% by weight, more preferably 20% to 40% by weight.

17. 17. The polyamide composition of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein components B), C) and D) are present in a combined amount of up to 30 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the polyamide composition.

18. Use of the polyamide composition according to any one of claims 1 to 17 for producing plastic articles which require resistance to heat ageing at high temperatures, for example 160°C or higher.

19. 20. Use of the polyamide composition according to claim 18 for the production of plastic parts in electrical and electronic systems and new electric vehicle battery systems.

20. Articles, in particular components in electrical and electronic systems and new electric vehicle battery systems, manufactured using the polyamide composition according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

21. 21. The article of claim 20, which is a connector, a miniature circuit breaker and a molded case circuit breaker in electrical and electronic systems, and a connector, a bus bar, a battery cover and a module holder in advanced electric vehicle battery systems.

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