パネル構造物、および構造物を製造する方法

Abstract

Described herein are structures forming modules, such as modules for use in nuclear reactor buildings, and related systems and methods. A representative structure may include a first plate, a second plate positioned parallel to and spaced apart from the first plate, and a support assembly positioned between the first and second plates. The support assembly may include a column, a first beam extending from the column parallel to the first and second plates, and a second beam extending from the column parallel to the first and second plates. The panel structure may further include a plurality of tie plates extending between and connecting the first and second plates. The tie plates may support the first and second beams. The panel structure may further include a filler material, such as concrete, between the first and second plates and surrounding the support assembly and the tie plates.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 2022 / 08 / 19 entitled "Steel Plate Composite Wall Panel Structures for Use in Nuclear Reactor Buildings, etc., and Related Systems and Methods," filed on August 19, 2022. No. 63 / 373,046, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to structures such as those used in nuclear reactor buildings, and more particularly to structures formed from steel composite wall panel construction. [Background technology]

[0003] Buildings, such as plants used in nuclear facilities, military facilities, and the like, may include structures such as buildings that house equipment, such as safety-related equipment. Such structures may be constructed by assembling multiple prefabricated modules according to the functions of the equipment to be housed. The structures used to manufacture these modules require high structural strength to ensure the integrity of the constructed structure. These structures may include steel-plate composite (SC) wall panel structures. SC wall panel structures generally include two steel plates with concrete placed between them. For example, there is a technique for constructing structures, such as nuclear power plant buildings, using such SC wall panel structures. Furthermore, according to this technique, several unit modules, each formed by the SC wall panel structures, are manufactured either off-site away from the construction site or on-site where the structure is to be constructed. If manufactured off-site, the unit modules are transported to the on-site site via sea or land, and then these transported unit modules are assembled into a structure on-site.

[0004] 1A and 1B are perspective views of such a conventional SC wall panel structure 10. As shown in FIG. 1A, the SC wall panel structure 10 has a first steel plate 1 and a second steel plate 2 facing each other and configured to be connected to each other by a plurality of tie bars 3. As shown in FIG. 1B, concrete 5 is filled between the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2. The first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2 each have an inner surface with a plurality of studs 4 extending generally normal from the respective steel plate to enhance connectivity between the concrete 5 and the first and second steel walls 1 and 2. The studs 4 may be headed studs. Such a conventional SC wall panel structure can be found, for example, in Non-Patent Document 1.

[0005] However, the manufactured SC wall panel structure 10 may not be practical to transport (e.g., by ship or rail) due to the weight of the concrete 5 filled between the steel plates 1 and 2. On the other hand, because filling the structure with concrete 5 adds structural strength, if the SC wall panel structure 10 is transported without the concrete 5 in place, the SC wall panel structure 10 may not have sufficient strength to withstand inertial and / or other forces applied during transportation. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0006] [Non-Patent Document 1] ANSVAISC N690-18, An American National Standard, Specification for Safety-Related Steel Structures for Nuclear Facilities, June 28, 2018 [Non-patent document 2] ANSI / AISC 358-16 ANSI / AISC 358sl-18, An American National Standard, Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames for Seismic Applications, including Supplement No. 1, May 12, 2016, (includes 2018 supplement) [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0007] Many aspects of the present technology can be better understood with reference to the following drawings, in which the components are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present technology.

[0008] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a conventional steel composite (SC) wall panel structure. [Figure 1B] FIG. 1B is a perspective view of the conventional SC wall panel structure of FIG. 1A filled with concrete. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an SC wall panel structure according to an embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 3] 3 is a cross-sectional view of the SC wall panel structure of FIG. 2 taken along line III-III of FIG. 2 according to an embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 4] 4 is a cross-sectional view of the SC wall panel structure of FIG. 3 taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 3 according to an embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 5] 3 is a cross-sectional view of the SC wall panel structure of FIG. 2 taken along line VV of FIG. 2 according to an embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 6] FIG. 3 is a top view of a column that may be included in the SC wall panel structure of FIG. 2 according to an embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 7A] 7A to 7E are perspective views illustrating different steps of a method for manufacturing an SC wall panel construction according to an embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 7B]7A to 7E are perspective views illustrating different steps of a method for manufacturing an SC wall panel construction according to an embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 7C] 7A to 7E are perspective views illustrating different steps of a method for manufacturing an SC wall panel construction according to an embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 7D] 7A to 7E are perspective views illustrating different steps of a method for manufacturing an SC wall panel construction according to an embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 7E] 7A to 7E are perspective views illustrating different steps of a method for manufacturing an SC wall panel construction according to an embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an SC wall panel structure according to an embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an SC wall panel structure according to an embodiment of the present technology. [Figure 10] 1 is a partially schematic, partially cross-sectional view of a nuclear system constructed in accordance with and in which embodiments of the present technology may be used; [Figure 11] 1 is a partially schematic, partially cross-sectional view of a nuclear system constructed in accordance with and in which embodiments of the present technology may be used; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] Aspects of the present technology generally relate to structures for forming modules, such as those used in nuclear reactor buildings. In some embodiments described below, the panel structure may include a first plate, a second plate spaced apart from the first plate and extending parallel to the first plate, and a support assembly positioned between the first plate and the second plate. The support assembly may include a column, a first beam extending from the column in a first direction parallel to the first plate and the second plate, and a second beam extending from the column in a second direction parallel to the first plate and the second plate. The second direction may be opposite to the second direction, and the first and second directions may be perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the column. The panel structure may include multiple connecting plates extending between the first plate and the second plate. The multiple connecting plates connect the first plate to the second plate. The plurality of connecting plates are spaced apart from one another and extend parallel to one another and are coupled to the first and second beams to support the first and second beams. The panel structure may further include a filler material, such as concrete, between the first and second plates and surrounding the support assembly and the plurality of connecting plates.

[0010] In some embodiments, the panel structure may be assembled at a first location without filler material. The panel structure may then be transported from the first location to a second location remote from the first location, where filler material may be filled between the first and second plates. In some aspects of the present technology, the support assembly and multiple connecting plates provide strength and rigidity to the panel structure during transportation, which may reduce or prevent damage to the panel structure when filler material has not yet been placed between the first and second plates. Thus, the panel structure may be reliably transported to the second location without filler material, which significantly reduces the weight of the panel structure and the cost / difficulty of transportation. The panel structure may then be filled with filler material at the second location to provide a permanent structure, such as part of a structure enclosing a nuclear reactor.

[0011] In some embodiments, a structure constructed in accordance with the present technology may include two steel plates arranged on one side and the other side facing each other in parallel, a plurality of connecting plates extending parallel to each other and separately between the two steel plates to connect the two steel plates, the planes on which the connecting plates extend being perpendicular to the planes on which the two steel plates extend, a column arranged between adjacent connecting plates of the plurality of connecting plates and between the two steel plates, and two beams extending in opposite directions from the column between the two steel plates, the opposite directions being perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the column. Each of the plurality of connecting plates may be configured to support the two beams.

[0012] In some embodiments, each of the multiple connecting plates may be configured such that two beams are positioned between two steel plates.

[0013] In some embodiments, the column and two beams may form a column-beam assembly.

[0014] In some embodiments, the columns may be formed as square steel tubes.

[0015] In some embodiments, each of the two beams may be formed as an I-beam (I-steel) or an H-beam (H-steel).

[0016] In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of connecting plates may be connected to the I-beam or H-beam by a double angle.

[0017] In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of connecting plates may include a notch that abuts and receives an I-beam or H-beam.

[0018] In some embodiments, the structure may include a first structure and a second structure adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction of the column, and a steel plate on one side of the first structure and a steel plate on one side of the second structure may be connected to each other by welding.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first structure and the second structure may share two beams.

[0020] In some embodiments, the columns of the second structure may be aligned with the columns of the first structure by the weight of the second structure stacked on the first structure prior to welding.

[0021] In some embodiments, a plurality of functional portions provided on the upper ends of the columns of the first structure may engage with the lower ends of the columns of the second structure.

[0022] In some embodiments, the multiple functional portions may each include a portion that is angled relative to the longitudinal direction of the post.

[0023] In some embodiments, the columns of each of the first and second structures may be configured as square steel pipes, and the multiple functional portions of the first structure may be provided at the four corners of the square steel pipes of the first structure, respectively.

[0024] In some embodiments, the two beams and the column are connected together in a beam-column assembly to transfer moment loads therebetween.

[0025] In some embodiments, at least one of the sides, top, and bottom of the module may be defined by a structure formed off-site.

[0026] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a module. At least one of the side, top, and bottom surfaces of the module may be defined by one or more structures, each of which may include two steel plates arranged on one side and the other side facing each other in parallel, a plurality of connecting plates extending parallel to and separately from each other between the two steel plates to connect the two steel plates, the plane in which the connecting plates extend being perpendicular to the plane in which the two steel plates extend, a column arranged between adjacent connecting plates of the plurality of connecting plates and between the two steel plates, and two beams extending from the column on opposite sides of each other perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the column between the two steel plates along the plane in which the two steel plates extend. Each of the plurality of connecting plates may be configured to support the two beams.

[0027] In some embodiments, each of the multiple connecting plates may be configured such that two beams are positioned between two steel plates.

[0028] In some embodiments, a module may include one or more devices.

[0029] In some embodiments, after at least one of the sides, top, and bottom of the module is formed by one or more structures, concrete may be filled between the two steel plates.

[0030] In some embodiments, multiple studs may protrude from each of the two steel plates to be integrated into the concrete.

[0031] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a structure is provided. The structure includes a plurality of modules connected to each other vertically or horizontally, and at least one of the side, top, or bottom surfaces of each of the plurality of modules may be defined by one or more structures. Each of the one or more structures may include two steel plates arranged on one side and the other side facing each other in parallel with each other, a plurality of connecting plates extending parallel to each other and separately from each other between the two steel plates to connect the two steel plates, the plane in which the connecting plates extend being perpendicular to the plane in which the two steel plates extend, a column arranged between adjacent connecting plates of the plurality of connecting plates between the two steel plates, and two beams extending from the column on opposite sides of each other perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the column between the two steel plates along the plane in which the two steel plates extend. Each of the plurality of connecting plates may be configured to support the two beams, and concrete may be disposed in the space defined between the two steel plates.

[0032] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for manufacturing a structure, the method including: providing a lower structural member including a first lower steel plate and a second lower steel plate disposed on one side and the other side facing each other in parallel with each other, and a plurality of lower connecting plates extending parallel and separately between the first lower steel plate and the second lower steel plate to connect the first lower steel plate to the second lower steel plate; providing a column between the first lower steel plate and the second lower steel plate and between adjacent pairs of the plurality of lower connecting plates; providing a pair of beams extending in opposite directions from the column extending in opposite directions from the column between the first lower steel plate and the second lower steel plate to be supported by the plurality of lower connecting plates; the first upper steel plate and the second upper steel plate are disposed on the one side and the other side, respectively, and a plurality of upper connecting plates extending parallel to and separately from each other between the first upper steel plate and the second upper steel plate to connect the first upper steel plate to the second upper steel plate; providing an upper structural member on the lower structural member, wherein the plurality of upper connecting plates are disposed on the pair of beams, while the column is disposed between a pair of adjacent upper connecting plates of the plurality of upper connecting plates; and connecting the first upper steel plate and the second upper steel plate to the first lower steel plate and the second lower steel plate, respectively.

[0033] In some embodiments, an upwardly opening notch configured to receive a pair of beams may be provided at the top of each of the plurality of lower connecting plates.

[0034] In some embodiments, a downwardly opening notch configured to receive a pair of beams may be provided in the bottom of each of the plurality of upper connecting plates.

[0035] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for manufacturing a module is provided. The method may include forming a structure and defining at least one of a side surface, an upper surface, and a lower surface of the module by the structure. The structure may include two steel plates arranged on one side and an opposite side of each other, respectively, parallel to each other; a plurality of connecting plates extending parallel to each other and separately from each other between the two steel plates to connect the two steel plates, the plurality of connecting plates extending in a plane perpendicular to the plane in which the two steel plates extend; a column arranged between adjacent connecting plates of the plurality of connecting plates between the two steel plates; and two beams extending from the column on opposite sides perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the column between the two steel plates along the plane in which the two steel plates extend. Each of the plurality of connecting plates may be configured to support the two beams. The structure may include a first structure and a second structure adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction of the column. The step of forming the structure may further include engaging columns of the first structure with columns of the second structure and connecting first steel plates on one side and the other side of the first structure to second steel plates on one side and the other side of the second structure, respectively, to form two steel plates. The method may further include filling a space defined between the two steel plates with concrete.

[0036] In some embodiments, the engaging step may include engaging a first column of a first structure positioned vertically below with a second column of a second structure positioned vertically above.

[0037] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for manufacturing a structure is provided. The method may include forming a plurality of modules and connecting the plurality of modules to each other vertically or horizontally. The step of forming the plurality of modules may include forming a structure and defining at least one of a side surface, an upper surface, and a lower surface of each of the plurality of modules by the structure. The structure may include two steel plates arranged on one side and the other side facing each other in parallel with each other, a plurality of connecting plates extending parallel to each other and separately from each other between the two steel plates to connect the two steel plates, the plane in which the plurality of connecting plates extend being perpendicular to the plane in which the two steel plates extend, a column arranged between adjacent connecting plates of the plurality of connecting plates between the two steel plates, and two beams extending from the column on opposite sides perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the column between the two steel plates along the plane in which the two steel plates extend. Each of the plurality of connecting plates may be configured to support two beams. The structure may include a first structure and a second structure adjacent to each other in a longitudinal direction of the column. The step of forming the structure may further include engaging a first column of the first structure with a second column of the second structure to form one column, and connecting first steel plates on one side and the other of the first structure to second steel plates on one side and the other of the second structure, respectively, to form two steel plates. The method may further include filling a space defined between the two steel plates with concrete.

[0038] To provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments of the present technology, certain example details are set forth in the following description and in FIGS. 1 through 11. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, operations, and / or systems often associated with nuclear reactors, reactor buildings, steel composite (SC) wall panel structures, and the like, are not shown or described in detail in the following disclosure to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description of various embodiments of the present technology. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the present technology may be practiced without one or more of the details described herein and / or with other structures, methods, components, and the like. The terms used below should be interpreted in their broadest reasonable manner, even when used in conjunction with detailed descriptions of certain example embodiments of the present technology.

[0039] The accompanying drawings depict multiple embodiments of the present technology and are not intended to limit its scope unless explicitly stated. The sizes of the various elements depicted are not necessarily drawn to scale, and these various elements may be enlarged to improve readability. Details of components may be abstracted in the drawings to omit details such as the location of components and the precise predetermined connections between such components if such details are unnecessary for a complete understanding of how to make and use the technology. Many of the details, dimensions, angles, and other features shown in the drawings are merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present disclosure. Thus, other embodiments may have other details, dimensions, angles, and features without departing from the present technology. Additionally, those skilled in the art will recognize that further embodiments of the present technology may be practiced without some of the details described below.

[0040] 1. Selected SC wall panel structure

[0041] 2 through 6 are different views of a steel composite (SC) wall panel structure 100 according to embodiments of the present technology. FIG. 2, for example, is a perspective view of the SC wall panel structure 100 according to embodiments of the present technology. In the illustrated embodiment, the SC wall panel structure 100 includes a first steel plate 1 and a second steel plate 2 that extend parallel or generally parallel and face each other. The second steel plate 2 is shown as partially transparent in FIG. 2 for clarity. The SC wall panel structure 100 further includes a plurality of parallel and separately extending connecting plates 20 (including a first or upper connecting plate 20A and a second or lower connecting plate 20B, individually identified) that connect the first steel plate 1 to the second steel plate 2. In the illustrated embodiment, the first and second connecting plates 20A and 20B form a pair and are supported vertically adjacent to each other via a beam 33, which will be described in detail below. Each of the connecting plates 20 may be disposed in (e.g., extend along) a plane perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the plane in which the first and second steel plates 1, 2 are disposed. The connecting plates 20 may also be referred to as tie plates, rib plates, etc. The connecting plates 20 may be in a grid or ladder shape, as shown in Figure 2, or in a uniform or other pattern.

[0042] In some embodiments, the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2 may each include an inner surface from which a plurality of studs 4 generally project in a normal (e.g., perpendicular) direction from the corresponding one of the first and second steel plates 1, 2. The studs 4 may be headed studs so that the studs 4 can enhance connectivity between the steel plates 1, 2 and concrete and / or other filler material (not shown) that may later be placed (e.g., filled) between the first and second steel plates 1, 2. The first and second steel plates 1, 2 and the connecting plate 20 may be formed from steel, such as stainless steel, and / or other suitably rigid (e.g., metallic) materials. Thus, although generally referred to herein as "steel plates," the first and second steel plates 1, 2 may be formed from materials other than steel. In the illustrated embodiment, the SC wall panel structure 100 may further include a connecting line 101. The connecting line 101 may be formed when the upper SC wall panel structure 100A is connected to the lower SC wall panel structure 100B by a connecting means such as welding. The connecting line 101 is depicted in FIG. 2 by a dashed line.

[0043] The SC wall panel structure 100 may further include a column-beam assembly 30 (e.g., a support assembly) disposed between the first steel wall 1 and the second steel wall 2. The column-beam assembly 30 may include a column 35 extending vertically (e.g., along a longitudinal axis) between the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2, and two beams 33 extending opposite each other from the column 35 (e.g., in opposite directions from the column 35). The beams 33 may extend substantially perpendicularly (e.g., horizontally) to the longitudinal axis of the column 35 between the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2. In the column-beam assembly 30, the column 35 and the two beams 33 may form a moment connection in which a moment load acting on the beam 33 is transferred to the column 35, as described, for example, in Chapter 10 of Non-Patent Document 2.

[0044] In the illustrated embodiment, each of the connecting plates 20 is disposed between the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2 to connect the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2. The upper connecting plates 20A may be spaced apart from one another and extend in a row between the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2. Similarly, the lower connecting plates 20B may be spaced apart from one another and extend in a row between the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2. Two beams 33 extend between the rows of the upper and lower connecting plates 20A, 20B and are supported by the connecting plates 20. This allows the beam-column assembly 30 to be positioned between the first steel plate 1 and the second steel plate 2. Specifically, the beams 33 are configured to be sandwiched between adjacent pairs of connecting plates 20 that are vertically offset from one another (e.g., between a pair including the first connecting plate 20A and the second connecting plate 20B). Each of the connecting plates 20 may have a grid pattern formed by a plurality of horizontally extending portions 201, which may extend in a direction normal to the first and second steel plates 1 and 2, and a plurality of vertically extending portions 202, which may extend in a direction parallel to the first and second steel plates 1 and 2 between two adjacent horizontally extending portions 201. In the illustrated embodiment, each of the connecting plates 20 includes two vertically extending portions 202 extending parallel to each other in the vertical direction. Edges of the horizontally extending portions 201 may be connected to each of the first and second steel plates 1 and 2. The connection between the connecting plate 20 and the first and second steel plates 1 and 2 may be performed by welding and / or other suitable techniques. In the illustrated embodiment, two vertically extending portions 202 are depicted, but each connecting plate 20 may include more or fewer than two vertically extending portions 202. Additionally, although three horizontally extending portions 201 are depicted in the illustrated embodiment, each connecting plate 20 may include more or less than three horizontally extending portions 201 .

[0045] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the SC wall panel structure 100 of Figure 2 according to an embodiment of the present technology, taken along line III-III in Figure 2. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the SC wall panel structure 100 of Figure 3 according to an embodiment of the present technology, taken along line III-III in Figure 3. With combined reference to Figures 3 and 4, the relationship between a pair of connecting plates 120 extending vertically in the illustrated embodiment (e.g., a pair of connecting plates 20 including a first connecting plate 20A and a second connecting plate 20B) and one beam 33 sandwiched between the pair of connecting plates 120 will be described in further detail.

[0046] The beam 33 may include an upper beam flange 34A and a lower beam flange 34B at each edge of the beam 33 that are vertically opposite to each other. A beam 33 having upper and lower beam flanges 34A, 34B may generally be referred to herein as an I-section beam or an H-section beam. Referring to FIG. 3 , the upper beam flange 34A may be configured (e.g., shaped and sized) to be positioned and received in a notch 21A provided in a lower portion of the upper connecting plate 20A that opens downward, and the lower beam flange 34B may be configured to be positioned and received in a notch 21B provided in an upper portion of the lower connecting plate 20B that opens upward. That is, the beam 33 may be positioned between a pair of first and second connecting plates 20A, 20B. 3 and 4 , the upper beam flange 34A positioned in the upper notch 21A may be fixed to the upper connecting plate 20A by a double angle 44A arranged to sandwich the upper connecting plate 20A, and the lower beam flange 34B positioned in the lower notch 21B may be fixed to the lower connecting plate 20B by a double angle 44B arranged to sandwich the lower connecting plate 20B. Such fixing may be performed by welding and / or other appropriate techniques. The double angle 44A and the double angle 44B may be arranged on opposite sides of each other in the vertical direction or the direction in which the web of the beam 33 extends. Alternatively, the upper connecting plate 20A may be inserted between the double angles 44A and welded to the upper beam flange 34A, and the lower connecting plate 20B may be inserted between the double angles 44B and welded to the lower beam flange 34B.

[0047] The double angles 44A, which may be provided on opposite sides of each other via connecting plate 20A (welded to beam flange 34A and connecting plate 20A), may each have a substantially L-shaped cross section along a direction parallel to the planes of the first and second steel plates 1 and 2. Similarly, the double angles 44B, which may be provided on opposite sides of each other via connecting plate 20B (welded to beam flange 34B and connecting plate 20B), may each have a substantially L-shaped cross section along a direction parallel to the planes of the first and second steel plates 1 and 2. The notches 21A and 21B may have shapes, sizes, dimensions, etc. corresponding to the shapes, sizes, dimensions, etc. of the upper beam flange 34A and the lower beam flange 34B, respectively. Although Figures 3 and 4 show an upper pair of double angles 44A and a lower pair of double angles 44B, two or more upper pairs of double angles 44A and two or more lower pairs of double angles 44B may be provided to secure the first and second connecting plates 20A, 20B to the beam 33.

[0048] Notch 21B provided in lower connecting plate 20B can receive lower beam flange 34B of beam 33 when beam 33 is lowered vertically onto lower connecting plate 20B during manufacturing of SC wall panel structure 100. That is, notch 21B can facilitate positioning of beam 33 when manufacturing SC wall panel structure 100. Furthermore, when upper connecting plate 20A and first and second steel plates 1, 2 are assembled to form an assembly such as upper SC wall panel structure part 100A shown in FIG. 2 and the assembly is lowered vertically onto one of the multiple beams 33 already provided below the assembly during manufacturing of SC wall panel structure 100, notch 21A of upper connecting plate 20A can receive upper flange 34A of beam 33. Notch 21A can thus facilitate positioning of the assembly relative to beam 33.

[0049] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the SC wall panel structure 100 of Figure 2 taken along line VV in Figure 2 according to an embodiment of the present technology. Figure 6 is a top view of the column 35 of Figures 2 and 5 according to an embodiment of the present technology. With joint reference to Figures 5 and 6, the column 35 of the beam-column assembly 30 will be described in further detail.

[0050] In the illustrated embodiment, the column 35 is a tube formed from steel (e.g., stainless steel) and / or other suitably rigid material (e.g., metal) and has a straight (e.g., square, rectangular) cross-sectional shape. Referring to FIG. 5 , the column 35 may include an upper column flange 36A and a lower column flange 36B at their upper and lower ends, respectively. When two columns 35 are vertically connected to each other as described herein, the two columns 35 may be configured such that the upper column flange 36A of one column 35 is stacked on top of the lower column flange 36B of the other column 35. In this case, the upper column flange 36A of one column 35 may be secured to the lower column flange 36B of the other column 35 via a plurality of fasteners 362, such as bolts, as shown in FIG. 6 . The bolts 362 are omitted from FIG. 5 for clarity.

[0051] Referring to FIG. 5 , the upper end of the column 35 may further include a functional portion 38. Referring to FIG. 6 , the functional portion 38 may include functional portions 38A to 38D (e.g., functional members) provided at each of the four corners of the rectangular column 35. Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6 , each of the functional portions 38A to 38D may be configured as an angle member that may extend vertically or longitudinally and may have a substantially L-shaped cross-sectional shape in the horizontal and / or lateral directions. As shown in FIG. 5 , each of the L-shaped angle members of the functional portions 38A to 38D may be held by a corresponding length that contacts a corresponding inner flat surface of the column 35. As a result, in the top view shown in FIG. 6 , each of the functional portions 38A to 38D may define a rectangular area at each of the four inner corners of the column 35, together with the inner peripheral surface of the column 35. The length of the L-shaped angle member of the functional portions 38A to 38D may be connected to the inner surface of the column 35 by welding or other suitable techniques. The L-shaped angle members of functional portions 38A to 38D may be formed from steel (eg, stainless steel) and / or other suitably rigid material (eg, metal).

[0052] 5, each upper end of the functional portion 38 may include an angled portion 382 that may form an incline with respect to the longitudinal direction of the L-shaped angle member and the longitudinal direction (e.g., axis) of the post 35. The angle may be, for example, 30 degrees, although the angle may be less or greater than 30 degrees as long as the functional portion 38 can perform the guiding function described in detail below.

[0053] 5 and 6 show only a single column, two columns 35 can be vertically connected to each other when an upper one (not shown) of the multiple columns 35 is suspended by a lifting device such as a hoist or crane and moved downward toward a lower one of the multiple columns 35. For example, each of the functional portions 38A to 38D of the lower column 35, which may have an upper tip of the diagonal portion 382, ​​can fit within a rectangular area defined by the inner rectangular outline of the lower column 35. In other words, the functional portions 38A to 38D of the lower column 35 can slide along the diagonal portion 382 so that the four corners of the lower end of the upper column 35, which are inside the lower column flange 36B of the upper column 35, can be guided into an engagement position where the two columns 35 are aligned with each other. In the engaged position where the two posts 35 are aligned with one another, the upper post flange 36A of the lower post 35 can be stacked and overlapped on top of the lower post flange 36B of the upper post 35.

[0054] 2.Selected method of manufacturing SC wall panel structures

[0055] 7A-7E are perspective views illustrating different steps of a method for manufacturing an SC wall panel structure 500 according to an embodiment of the present technology. Some features of the SC wall panel structure 500 may generally be similar or identical to features of the SC wall panel structure 100 detailed above with reference to FIGS. 2-6. FIG. 7A illustrates a first step in which a pair of first beams 5331 are stacked onto a first stage structure 5001. FIG. 7B illustrates a second step after the first step in which a second stage structure 5002 is stacked onto the pair of first beams 5331. FIG. 7C illustrates a third step after the second step in which a pair of second beams 5332 are stacked onto the second stage structure 5002. FIG. 7D illustrates a fourth step after the third step in which a third stage structure 5003 is stacked onto the pair of second beams 5332. FIG. 7E shows that the fourth step has been completed and the SC wall panel structure 500 has been fabricated with first stage structure 5001 through third stage structure 5003 connected in series.

[0056] 7A , the first stage structure 5001 (e.g., a lower structural assembly) includes an assembly of a first steel plate 5011, a second steel plate 5021, and a plurality of connecting plates 5201 connecting the first steel plate 5011 and the second steel plate 5021. The first steel plate 5011, the second steel plate 5021, and the plurality of connecting plates 5201 correspond to the first steel plate 1, the second steel plate 2, and the plurality of connecting plates 20, respectively, described in detail above with reference to FIGS. 2 through 6. In the illustrated embodiment, a plurality of columns 535, each corresponding in detail to the column 35 described above with reference to FIGS. 2 through 6, are provided at three positions, including a left position, a center position, and a right position, and are arranged substantially along a straight line with a space between adjacent positions. Each of the plurality of columns 535 may be adjacent to one or two corresponding connecting plates 5201. 7A , the column 35 at the left or right position is adjacent to one of the connecting plates 5201, while the column 35 at the center position is adjacent to and sandwiched between two connecting plates 5201. Furthermore, each of the columns 535 has a functional portion 538. These functional portions 538 correspond to the functional portions 38 described above in detail with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. In the first stage structure 5001, the first steel plate 5011 and the second steel plate 5021 are connected to the connecting plate 5201 by a connecting means such as welding, while the column 535 does not have to be connected to any of the first steel plate 5011, the second steel plate 5021, or the connecting plate 5201.

[0057] Continuing to refer to FIG. 7A , a pair of first beams 5331 are moved downward and stacked on the first stage structure 5001 in a first step. When the pair of first beams 5331 are stacked on the first stage structure 5001, an upper cutout 521B1 of a connecting plate 5201 included in the first stage structure 5001 can receive a lower beam flange 534B1 of the first beam 5331. The cutout 521B1, the first beam 5331, and the lower beam flange 534B1 correspond to the cutout 21B, the beam 33, and the lower beam flange 34B, respectively, described in detail above with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4. The connecting plate 5201 may be connected to the first beam 5331 at a connection position M, as shown in FIG. 7A , using a connecting member such as the double angle 44B described above with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. In addition, after the pair of first beams 5331 are stacked on the first stage structure 5001, the pair of first beams 5331 may be directly connected to the three columns 535, or may be connected to the three columns 535 via a plurality of connecting members respectively provided around each column 535. Such connecting members may be, for example, moment connectors described in Chapter 10 of Non-Patent Document 2.

[0058] 7B , in a second step, a second stage structure 5002 (e.g., an intermediate structural assembly) including an assembly of a first steel plate 5012, a second steel plate 5022, and a plurality of connecting plates 5202 is moved downward and stacked on a pair of first beams 5331. The pair of first beams 5331 were stacked on the first stage structure 5001 during the first step and connected to the first stage structure 5001 by the connecting plates 5201. When the second stage structure 5002 is stacked on the pair of first beams 5331, the lower notches 521A1 of the connecting plates 5202 included in the second stage structure 5002 can receive the upper beam flanges 534A1 of the first beams 5331. The cutout 521A2 and the upper beam flange 534A1 correspond to the cutout 21A and the upper beam flange 34A, respectively, described above with reference to Figures 2 to 4. In addition, the relationship between the first steel plate 5012, the second steel plate 5022, and the multiple connecting plates 5202 when assembled into the second stage structure 5002 is the same as the relationship between the first steel plate 5011, the second steel plate 5021, and the multiple connecting plates 5201 when assembled into the first stage structure 5001.

[0059] The connecting plate 5202 may be connected to the first beam 5331 at a connection position M as shown in FIG. 7B using a connecting member such as the double angle 44A described in detail above with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. The first steel plate 5011 and the second steel plate 5021 of the first stage structure 5001 may be connected to the first steel plate 5012 and the second steel plate 5022 of the second stage structure 5002, respectively, by a connecting means such as welding. The weld line generated during welding may correspond to the boundary line drawn between the second steel plates 5021 and 5022 shown in FIG. 7C described below.

[0060] 7C , in a third step, the pair of second beams 5332 are moved downward (e.g., lowered) and stacked on the second stage structure 5002, which was stacked on the pair of first beams 5331 during the second step and connected to the first beams 5331 by the connecting plates 5202. When the pair of second beams 5332 are stacked on the second stage structure 5002, the upper notches 521B2 of the connecting plates 5202 included in the second stage structure 5002 can receive the lower beam flanges 534B2 of the second beams 5332. The connection relationship between the connecting plates 5202 and the second beams 5332 in the second stage structure 5002 may be similar to the connection relationship between the connecting plates 5201 and the first beams 5331 in the first stage structure 5001.

[0061] 7D , in a fourth step, a third stage structure 5003 (e.g., an upper structural assembly) including an assembly of a first steel plate 5013, a second steel plate 5023, and a plurality of connecting plates 5203 is moved downward and stacked on a pair of second beams 5332. The pair of second beams 5332 were stacked on the first stage structure 5002 during the third step and connected to the second stage structure 5002 by the connecting plates 5202. When the third stage structure 5003 is stacked on the pair of second beams 5332, the lower notches 521A3 of the connecting plates 5203 included in the third stage structure 5003 can receive the upper beam flanges 534A2 of the second beams 5332. The cutout 521A3, the second beam 5332, and the upper beam flange 534A2 correspond to the cutout 21A, the beam 33, and the upper beam flange 34A, respectively, described in detail above with reference to Figures 2 to 4. Additionally, the relationship between the first steel plate 5013, the second steel plate 5023, and the plurality of connecting plates 5203 when assembled into the third stage structure 5003 is similar to the relationship between the first steel plate 5011, the second steel plate 5021, and the plurality of connecting plates 5201 when assembled into the first stage structure 5001.

[0062] Again, the connecting plate 5203 may be connected to the second beam 5332 at a connection location M as shown in FIG. 7D using a connecting member such as the double angle 44B described above with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. In some embodiments, the first steel plate 5012 and the second steel plate 5022 of the second stage structure 5002 may be connected to the first steel plate 5013 and the second steel plate 5023, respectively, of the third stage structure 5003 by a connecting means such as welding. The weld line created during welding may correspond to the boundary line drawn between the second steel plates 5022 and 5023 shown in FIG. 7E described below.

[0063] Referring to Figure 7E, the fourth step is completed and the SC wall panel structure 500 is fabricated with the first stage structure 5001 through the third stage structure 5003 connected in series. The first beam 5331 and the second beam 5332 are connected (i) to vertically adjacent and in series tie plates 5201, 5202, and 5203, and (ii) to three horizontally adjacent and in series columns 535. All of these elements can be formed into a single SC wall panel structure 500.

[0064] 7A to 7E show that the three columns 535 are arranged along a horizontally extending straight line, and the SC wall panel structure 500 may be formed to extend along a plane (e.g., as a flat wall) with a pair of first beams 5331 and a pair of second beams 5332 disposed between each two adjacent columns of the three columns 535. However, the SC wall panel structure 500 is not limited to such a configuration. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the SC wall panel structure 600 may be formed substantially in an L-shape. In this case, a pair of first beams 6331 in the lower layer are arranged perpendicular to each other in a first horizontal plane, and a pair of second beams 6332 in the upper layer are also arranged perpendicular to each other but in a second horizontal plane above the first horizontal plane. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 9, the SC wall panel structure 700 may be formed substantially in a T-shape. In this case, two first beams 7331 and 7331' in the lower layer are arranged to form a straight member, and another first beam 7331" in the lower layer is arranged perpendicular to the straight member at its midpoint in a first horizontal plane. Two second beams 7332 and 7332' are positioned in the upper layer to form another straight member. Another second beam 7332" is also in the upper layer and is arranged perpendicular to the upper straight member at its midpoint in a second horizontal plane above the first horizontal plane. It will be appreciated that the SC wall panel structures 600 and 700 formed in substantially L-shaped and T-shaped configurations respectively can be manufactured according to methods similar to those described with reference to Figures 7A to 7E.

[0065] The I-, L-, and T-shaped SC wall panel structures 500, 600, and 700 described above can be formed into modules having a wide variety of configurations, for example, by stacking upper columns 535 vertically in alignment on lower columns 535, while stacking upper SC wall panel structures vertically on lower SC wall panel structures with beams sandwiched therebetween, in accordance with the embodiment described with reference to Figures 5 and 6, and then horizontally arranging these stacked SC wall panel structures in any suitable combination.

[0066] Although the SC wall panel structures 100 and 500 are depicted in the illustrated embodiments as including vertically extending columns 35 and 535, the SC floor panel structures or SC ceiling panel structures may be formed to include horizontally extending columns 35 and 535 in certain applications. That is, such SC wall panel structures, SC floor panel structures, and SC ceiling structures can be used to form modules. Specifically, at least one of the side, top, and bottom surfaces of the module can be defined by such SC wall panel structures, SC floor panel structures, or SC ceiling structures.

[0067] Furthermore, a plurality of modules formed using such SC wall panel structures, SC floor panel structures, and SC ceiling structures can be connected horizontally or vertically to form a single structure.

[0068] In some embodiments of the technology, such SC wall panel structures, SC floor panel structures, and SC ceiling structures (collectively referred to as "structures") fabricated off-site or on-site may be strong enough to withstand inertial loads (and / or other loads) during transportation from the off-site location to the on-site site. Specifically, the SC panel structures of the technology may have a configuration in which a beam-column assembly is supported by connecting plates sandwiched between opposing steel plates to connect the steel plates to each other in the structure. After transportation to the on-site site, if the structure forms part of a module or structure, the spaces between the steel plates can be filled (or at least partially filled) with concrete. Additionally, associated columns formed as steel pipes can also be filled (or at least partially filled) with concrete to provide structural strength that will prevent the collapse of the multiple structures when used in the module or structure. This process of placing concrete within the multiple structures can be performed before the structures form the module or structure itself. Alternatively, concrete may be placed in the module or structure after the multiple modules and / or structures are assembled into the structure. Thus, the SC structure of this technology is strong enough to be transported to an on-site site for assembly into a modular structure, yet lightweight enough to be practically transportable because it is not filled with concrete until assembly on-site.

[0069] 3. Selected nuclear power conversion system

[0070] The SC panel structure of the present technology can be used to fully or partially enclose a nuclear reactor system. For example, the SC panel structure can form all or part of a module that at least partially surrounds the nuclear reactor. The module can include, for example, a reactor building wall or enclosure. More specifically, FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate an exemplary nuclear reactor in which embodiments of the present technology can be used. FIG. 10 is a partially schematic, partial cross-sectional view of a nuclear reactor system 100 configured in accordance with embodiments of the present technology. The system 100 includes a power module 102 having a core 104 in which a controlled nuclear reaction occurs. Accordingly, the core 104 can include one or more fuel assemblies 101. The fuel assemblies 101 can include fissile and / or other suitable materials. Heat from the reaction generates steam in a steam generator 130, which directs the steam to a power conversion system 140. The power conversion system 140 generates electrical power and / or other useful output. A sensor system 150 is used to monitor the operation of the power module 102 and / or other system components. Data obtained from the sensor system 150 can be used in real time to control the power module 102 and / or can also be used to update the design of the power module 102 and / or other system components.

[0071] The power modules 102 include a containment vessel 110 (e.g., a radiation-shielded vessel or radiation-shielded containment vessel) that houses / encloses a reactor vessel 120 (e.g., a reactor pressure vessel or reactor pressure containment vessel), which houses a reactor core 104. The containment vessel 110 may be housed in a power module bay 156. The power module bay 156 may house a cooling pool 103 filled with water and / or other suitable cooling liquid. A majority of the power modules 102 are positioned below a surface 105 of the cooling pool 103. Thus, the cooling pool 103 may act as a heat sink, for example, in the event of a system malfunction. In some embodiments, the SC structure of the present technology may be used to form at least a portion of the power module bay 156 and / or an additional structure (e.g., a reactor building, reactor structure) that houses the power module bay 156.

[0072] The volume between the reactor vessel 120 and the containment vessel 110 may be partially or completely evacuated to reduce heat transfer from the reactor vessel 120 to the surrounding environment (e.g., to the cooling pool 103). However, in other embodiments, the volume between the reactor vessel 120 and the containment vessel 110 may be at least partially filled with gas and / or liquid to increase heat transfer between the reactor vessel 120 and the containment vessel 110.

[0073] Within the reactor vessel 120, a primary coolant 107 transfers heat from the core 104 to the steam generator 130. For example, as indicated by arrows located within the reactor vessel 120, the primary coolant 107 is heated in the core 104 and directed toward the bottom of the reactor vessel 120. The heated primary coolant 107 (e.g., water with or without additives) rises from the core 104 through the core shroud 106 and into the riser pipe 108. The hot, buoyant primary coolant 107 continues to rise through the riser pipe 108 before exiting the riser pipe 108 and descending through the steam generator 130. The steam generator 130 includes multiple conduits 132 arranged circumferentially around the riser pipe 108, for example, in a spiral pattern, as shown schematically in FIG. 10 . The descending primary coolant 107 transfers heat to the secondary coolant (e.g., water) in conduit 132 and descends to the bottom of reactor vessel 120, where the cycle begins again. The cycle can be driven by changes in buoyancy of the primary coolant 107, thereby reducing or eliminating the need for pumps to move the primary coolant 107.

[0074] The steam generator 130 may include a feedwater header 131 through which incoming secondary coolant enters a steam generator conduit 132. The secondary coolant rises through the conduit 132, is converted to steam (e.g., water vapor), and is collected in a steam header 133. The water vapor exits the steam header 133 and is directed to a power conversion system 140.

[0075] Power conversion system 140 may include one or more steam valves 142 that regulate the passage of high-pressure, high-temperature steam from steam generator 130 to steam turbine 143. Steam turbine 143 converts the thermal energy of the steam into electricity via generator 144. The low-pressure steam exiting turbine 143 is condensed in condenser 145 and then directed (e.g., via pump 146) to one or more feedwater valves 141. Feedwater valve 141 controls the rate at which feedwater re-enters steam generator 130 via feedwater header 131.

[0076] The power module 102 includes multiple control systems and associated sensors. For example, the power module 102 may include a hollow cylindrical reflector 109. The hollow cylindrical reflector 109 returns neutrons to the reactor core 104 to drive the nuclear reaction in the reactor core 101. Control rods 113 are used to regulate the nuclear reaction and are driven via fuel rod drivers 115. The pressure within the reactor vessel 120 may be controlled by controlling the pressure in a pressurized volume 119 positioned above the pressurizer plate 117 via the pressurizer plate 113 (which may also serve to direct the primary coolant 107 downward through the steam generators 130).

[0077] Sensor system 150 may include one or more sensors 151 positioned at various locations within power module 102 and / or elsewhere to, for example, identify operating parameter values ​​and / or changes in parameter values. Data collected by sensor system 150 may then be used to control the operation of system 100 and / or to effect design changes for system 100. For sensors positioned within containment vessel 110, sensor links 152 route data from the sensors to flange 153 (where sensor link 152 exits containment vessel 110) and route the data to sensor junction box 154. From there, the sensor data is routed via data bus 155 to one or more controllers and / or other data systems.

[0078] 11 is a partially schematic, partial cross-sectional view of a nuclear reactor system 200 ("system 200") configured in accordance with embodiments of the present technique. In some embodiments, system 200 includes some features that are at least generally similar in structure and function to or identical in structure and function to corresponding features of system 100 detailed above with reference to FIG. 10, and may operate in a generally similar or identical manner to system 100.

[0079] In the illustrated embodiment, system 200 includes a reactor vessel 220 and a containment vessel 210 that surrounds / encloses reactor vessel 220. In some embodiments, reactor vessel 220 and containment vessel 210 may be generally cylindrical or capsule-shaped. In some embodiments, reactor vessel 220 and containment vessel 210 may be positioned in a reactor housing, reactor bay, reactor building, and / or the like formed from one or more of the SC structures of the present technology.

[0080] System 200 further includes multiple heat pipe layers 211 within furnace vessel 220. In the illustrated embodiment, the heat pipe layers 211 are stacked and spaced apart from one another. In some embodiments, the heat pipe layers 211 may be attached / secured to a common frame 212, a portion of furnace vessel 220 (e.g., a wall thereof), and / or other suitable structure within furnace vessel 220. In other embodiments, the heat pipe layers 211 may be stacked directly on top of one another such that each heat pipe layer 211 supports and / or is supported by one or more of the other heat pipe layers in the heat pipe layers 211.

[0081] In the illustrated embodiment, the system 200 further includes a shield or reflector region 214 at least partially surrounding the core region 216. The multiple heat pipe layers 211 may have circular, linear, polygonal, and / or other shapes such that the core region 216 has a corresponding three-dimensional shape (e.g., cylindrical, spherical, etc.). In some embodiments, the core region 216 is separated from the reflector region 214 by a core barrier 215, such as a metal wall. The core region 216 may include one or more fuel sources, such as fissile material, that heat the heat pipe layers 211. The core region 214 may include one or more materials configured to contain / reflect products resulting from burning fuel in the core region 216 during operation of the system 200. For example, the reflector region 214 may include a liquid or solid material configured to reflect neutrons and / or other fission products radially inward toward the core region 216. In some embodiments, reflector region 214 may completely surround core region 216. In other embodiments, reflector region 214 may only partially surround core region 216. In some embodiments, core region 216 may include control material 217, such as moderator and / or coolant. Control material 217 may at least partially surround heat pipe layer 211 in core region 216, enabling heat transfer therebetween.

[0082] In the illustrated embodiment, the system 200 further includes at least one heat exchanger 230 (e.g., a steam generator) positioned around the heat pipe layer 211. The heat pipe layer 211 may extend from the core region 216 at least partially into the reflector region 214 and is thermally coupled to the heat exchanger 230. In some embodiments, the heat exchanger 230 may be positioned outside or partially within the reflector region 214. The heat pipe layer 211 provides a heat transfer path from the core region 216 to the heat exchanger 230. For example, the multiple heat pipe layers 211 may each include an array of heat pipes that provides a heat transfer path from the core region 216 to the heat exchanger 230. When the system 200 is operating, the fuel in the core region 216 heats up, vaporizing fluid within the heat pipes in the heat pipe layer 211, which can transport heat to the heat exchanger 230.

[0083] In some embodiments, the heat exchanger 230 may be similar to the steam generator 130 of FIG. 10 and may include, for example, one or more spirally wound tubes wrapped around the heat pipe layer 211. The tubes of the heat exchanger 230 transport heat from the heat pipe layers 211 out of the reactor vessel 220 and containment vessel 210 and may contain or carry a working fluid (e.g., a coolant such as water or other fluid) used to generate electricity, steam, or the like. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the heat exchanger 230 is operably coupled to a turbine 243, a generator 244, a condenser 245, and a pump 246. As the temperature of the working fluid in the heat exchanger 230 increases, the working fluid begins to boil and vaporize. The vaporized working fluid (e.g., steam) may be used to drive the turbine 243 to convert the thermal potential energy of the working fluid into electrical energy via the generator 244. A condenser 245 condenses the working fluid after it has passed through the turbine 243, and a pump 246 can return the working fluid to the heat exchanger 230, where it can begin another thermal cycle.

[0084] 4. Additional examples

[0085] The following examples illustrate some embodiments of the present technology. [Example 1] A panel structure, The first board and a second plate spaced apart from and positioned parallel to the first plate; a support assembly positioned between the first plate and the second plate, a post extending along a longitudinal axis; a support assembly including a beam extending from the one post parallel to the first plate and the second plate and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis; a plurality of connecting plates extending between the first plate and the second plate, the plurality of connecting plates connecting the first plate to the second plate; Including, The plurality of connecting plates extend parallel to and spaced apart from one another, A panel structure, wherein at least one of the plurality of connecting plates is coupled to the beam to support the beam. [Example 2] The panel structure of Example 1, wherein the beam is a first beam extending from the first column in a first direction, the support assembly further includes a second beam extending from the first column in a second direction parallel to the first plate and the second plate, the second direction being opposite to the first direction, and the first direction and the second direction being perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, a first set of the plurality of connecting plates being coupled to the first beam to support the first beam, and a second set of the plurality of connecting plates being coupled to the second beam to support the second beam. [Example 3] The panel structure of Example 1 or Example 2, wherein the beam comprises an I-section beam or an H-section beam. [Example 4] The panel structure of Example 3, wherein at least one of the plurality of connecting plates is connected to the I-section beam or the H-section beam by a plurality of double angles. [Example 5] 5. The panel structure of any one of Examples 1 to 4, wherein the plurality of connecting plates includes a plurality of lower connecting plates arranged in a first row and a plurality of upper connecting plates arranged in a second row, and the beam extends between the plurality of lower connecting plates and the plurality of upper connecting plates. [Example 6] The panel structure of Example 5, wherein a lower portion of each upper connecting plate of the plurality of upper connecting plates is fixedly attached to an upper portion of the beam, and an upper portion of each lower connecting plate of the plurality of lower connecting plates is fixedly attached to a lower portion of the beam. [Example 7] The panel structure of Example 6, wherein each lower portion of the lower portions of the plurality of upper connecting plates includes a first cutout shaped to receive the upper portion of the beam, and each upper portion of the upper portions of the plurality of lower connecting plates includes a second cutout shaped to receive the lower portion of the beam. [Example 8] The panel structure of example 5 or example 6, wherein the upper portion of the beam includes an upper flange and the lower portion of the beam includes a lower flange. [Example 9] The panel structure of Example 8, wherein each lower portion of the lower portions of the plurality of upper connecting plates includes a first notch shaped to receive the upper flange of the beam, and each upper portion of the upper portions of the plurality of lower connecting plates includes a second notch shaped to receive the lower flange of the beam. [Example 10] 10. The panel structure of any one of Examples 1 to 9, wherein the one column includes an upper end portion, and the support assembly further includes at least one functional member coupled to the upper end portion, the at least one functional member having an upper portion angled obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis of the one column. [Example 11] 11. The panel structure of any one of Examples 1 to 10, further comprising a filler material between the first plate and the second plate, the filler material surrounding the support assembly and the connecting plate. [Example 12] A panel structure, The first board and a second plate spaced apart from and positioned parallel to the first plate; a plurality of upper connecting plates extending between the first plate and the second plate, the upper connecting plates being spaced apart from and extending parallel to one another; a plurality of lower connecting plates extending between the first plate and the second plate, the lower connecting plates being spaced apart from and extending parallel to one another; a pillar positioned between the first plate and the second plate; a beam extending from the first column between the plurality of upper connecting plates and the plurality of lower connecting plates in parallel with the first plate and the second plate; A panel structure comprising: [Example 13] The panel structure of Example 12, wherein a lower portion of each upper connecting plate of the plurality of upper connecting plates includes a first notch formed to receive an upper portion of the beam and be fixedly attached to the upper portion of the beam, and an upper portion of each lower connecting plate of the plurality of lower connecting plates includes a first notch formed to receive a lower portion of the beam and be fixedly attached to the lower portion of the beam. [Example 14] The panel structure of Example 12 or Example 13, wherein the beam is a first beam extending from the first column in a first direction parallel to the first plate and the second plate, and the panel structure further includes a second beam extending from the first column between the plurality of upper connecting plates and the plurality of lower connecting plates in a second direction parallel to the first plate and the second plate, and the second direction is opposite to the first direction. [Example 15] 1. A method of manufacturing a structure, comprising: providing a lower structural assembly, at least one beam, and an upper structural assembly, said lower structural assembly comprising: a first lower plate, a second lower plate spaced apart from the first upper plate and parallel to the first upper plate, and a plurality of lower connecting plates extending between the first lower plate and the second lower plate and connecting the first lower plate to the second lower plate, the at least one beam being between the first upper plate and the second lower plate and being positioned on and supported by the plurality of lower connecting plates, the upper structural assembly including a first upper plate, a second upper plate spaced apart from the first upper plate and extending parallel to the first upper plate, and a plurality of upper connecting plates extending between the first upper plate and the second upper plate and connecting the first upper plate to the second upper plate; coupling the upper structural assembly to the lower structural assembly such that the plurality of upper connecting plates are positioned on and supported by the at least one beam; connecting the first upper plate to the first lower plate; connecting the second upper plate to the second lower plate; A method comprising: [Example 16] 16. The method of Example 15, wherein the method further includes disposing a filler material between the first lower plate and the second lower plate and between the first upper plate and the second upper plate, the filler material surrounding the at least one beam, the lower connecting plate, and the upper connecting plate. [Example 17] 17. The method of Example 16, wherein the method further includes coupling the upper structural assembly to the lower structural assembly, connecting the first upper plate to the first lower plate, and connecting the second upper plate to the second lower plate at a first location, and wherein disposing the filler material includes disposing the filler material at a second location remote from the first location. [Example 18] 18. The method of any one of Examples 15 to 17, wherein the method further includes providing a post between the first lower plate and the second lower plate, and wherein coupling the upper structural assembly to the lower structural assembly includes positioning the post between adjacent pairs of the plurality of upper connecting plates. [Example 19] 19. The method of any one of Examples 15 to 18, wherein an individual connecting plate of the plurality of connecting plates includes a notch, and coupling the upper structural assembly to the lower structural assembly includes positioning the at least one beam within the notch. [Example 20] 20. The method of any one of Examples 15 to 19, wherein the first lower plate, the second lower plate, the first upper plate, and the second upper plate comprise steel. [Example 21] A structure forming a module, Two steel plates arranged parallel to each other on one side and the other side facing each other; a plurality of connecting plates extending parallel to and separately from each other between the two steel plates to connect the two steel plates to each other, the plane in which the plurality of connecting plates extend being perpendicular to the plane in which the two steel plates extend; a column disposed between adjacent connecting plates of the plurality of connecting plates and between the two steel plates; two beams extending from the one column between the two steel plates in opposite directions along which the two steel plates extend; Including, The opposite directions are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the one column, and each of the plurality of connecting plates is configured to support the two beams. [Example 22] 22. The structure of Example 21, wherein each of the plurality of connecting plates is configured to position the two beams between the two steel plates. [Example 23] The structure of Example 21 or Example 22, wherein the one column and the two beams form a column-beam assembly. [Example 24] 24. The structure of any one of Examples 21 to 23, wherein the one column is formed as a square steel tube. [Example 25] 25. The structure of any one of Examples 21 to 24, wherein each of the two beams is formed as an I-beam or an H-beam. [Example 26] 53. The structure of example 52, wherein at least one of the plurality of connecting plates is connected to an I-beam or an H-beam by a double angle. [Example 27] 27. The structure of example 25 or 26, wherein at least one of the plurality of connecting plates includes a notch that abuts against and receives the I-section beam or H-section beam. [Example 28] The structure of any one of Examples 21 to 27, wherein the structure includes a first structure and a second structure adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction of the one column, and a steel plate on the one side of the first structure and a steel plate on the one side of the second structure are connected to each other by welding. [Example 29] The structure of Example 28, wherein the first structure and the second structure share two beams. [Example 30] 30. The structure of Example 28 or 29, wherein the columns of the second structure are aligned with the columns of the first structure by the weight of the second structure stacked on the first structure prior to the welding. [Example 31] The structure of Example 30, wherein a plurality of functional portions provided on the upper ends of the columns of the first structure engage with the lower ends of the columns of the second structure. [Example 32] The structure of Example 31, wherein each of the plurality of functional portions includes a portion angled with respect to the direction in which the one column extends. [Example 33] The structure of Example 31 or Example 32, wherein the columns of each of the first and second structures are constructed as square steel pipes, and the multiple functional parts of the first structure are provided at each of the four corners of the square steel pipes. [Example 34] The structure of Example 33, wherein the two beams and the one column are connected to each other so as to transfer moment loads therebetween at the beam-column assembly. [Example 35] 35. The structure of any one of Examples 21 to 34, wherein at least one of the side, top, and bottom surfaces of the module is defined by the structure formed off-site. [Example 36] a module including a side surface, a top surface, and a bottom surface, at least one of which is defined by one or more structures, each of the one or more structures comprising: Two steel plates arranged parallel to each other on one side and the other side facing each other; a plurality of connecting plates extending parallel to and separately from each other between the two steel plates to connect the two steel plates to each other, the plane in which the plurality of connecting plates extend being perpendicular to the plane in which the two steel plates extend; a column disposed between adjacent connecting plates of the plurality of connecting plates and between the two steel plates; two beams extending from the one column between the two steel plates in opposite directions along which the two steel plates extend; Including, The opposite directions are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the one column, and each of the plurality of connecting plates is configured to support the two beams. [Example 37] 37. The module of Example 36, wherein each of the plurality of connecting plates is configured to position the two beams between the two steel plates. [Example 38] The module of Example 36 or Example 37, wherein one or more devices are included in the module. [Example 39] 39. The module of any one of Examples 36 to 38, wherein concrete is filled between the two steel plates after at least one of the sides, top, and bottom of the module is defined by one or more structures. [Example 40] The module of Example 39, wherein a plurality of studs protrude from each of the two steel plates and are integrated into the concrete. [Example 41] A structure including a plurality of modules connected to one another vertically or horizontally, at least one of the plurality of modules including a side surface, a top surface, and a bottom surface, at least one of which is defined by one or more structures, each of which is: Two steel plates arranged parallel to each other on one side and the other side facing each other; a plurality of connecting plates extending parallel to and separately from each other between the two steel plates to connect the two steel plates to each other, the plane along which the plurality of connecting plates extend being perpendicular to the plane along which the two steel plates extend; a column disposed between adjacent connecting plates of the plurality of connecting plates and between the two steel plates; two beams extending from the one column between the two steel plates in opposite directions along which the two steel plates extend; Including, The opposite directions are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the one column, each of the plurality of connecting plates is configured to support the two beams, and a space defined between the two steel plates is filled with concrete. [Example 42] 1. A method of manufacturing a structure, comprising: providing a lower structural member including a first lower steel plate and a second lower steel plate arranged on one side and the other side facing each other in parallel, and a plurality of lower connecting plates extending parallel and separately between the first lower steel plate and the second lower steel plate to connect the first lower steel plate to the second lower steel plate; Providing a column between the first lower steel plate and the second lower steel plate and between a pair of adjacent lower connecting plates among the plurality of lower connecting plates; providing a pair of beams extending in opposite directions from the one column between the first lower steel plate and the second lower steel plate so as to be supported by the plurality of lower connecting plates; connecting the pair of beams to the one column; providing an upper structural member including a first upper steel plate and a second upper steel plate arranged on the one side and the other side facing each other, respectively, and a plurality of upper connecting plates extending parallel to and separately from each other between the first upper steel plate and the second upper steel plate to connect the first upper steel plate to the second upper steel plate; Providing the upper structural member on the lower structural member, the plurality of upper connecting plates being disposed on the pair of beams, while the one column being disposed between a pair of adjacent upper connecting plates among the plurality of upper connecting plates; connecting the first upper steel plate and the second upper steel plate to the first lower steel plate and the second lower steel plate, respectively; A method comprising: [Example 43] The method of Example 42, wherein an upwardly opening notch configured to receive the pair of beams is provided at the top of each of the plurality of lower connecting plates. [Example 44] The method of Example 42 or Example 43, wherein a downwardly opening notch is provided in the bottom of each of the plurality of upper connecting plates, the notch configured to receive the pair of beams. [Example 45] 1. A method of manufacturing a module, comprising: forming a structure; a step of defining at least one of the side, top, and bottom surfaces of the module with the structure, the structure including two steel plates arranged parallel to one another on opposing sides, a plurality of connecting plates extending parallel to and separately from one another between the two steel plates to connect the two steel plates, the planes along which the connecting plates extend being perpendicular to the planes along which the two steel plates extend, a column arranged between adjacent connecting plates of the plurality of connecting plates and between the two steel plates, and two beams extending from the column between the two steel plates in opposite directions along which the two steel plates extend, the opposite directions being perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the column; Including, the plurality of connecting plates are each configured to support the two beams, and the structures include a first structure and a second structure adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction of the one column; The step of forming the structure includes: engaging a first post of the first structure with a second post of the second structure to form the first post; connecting first steel plates on the one side and the other side of the first structure to second steel plates on the one side and the other side of the second structure, respectively, to form the two steel plates; Including, The method further includes filling a space defined between the two steel plates with concrete. [Example 46] 46. ​​The method of Example 45, wherein the engaging step includes engaging a first column of the first structure positioned vertically below with a second column of the second structure positioned vertically above. [Example 47] 1. A method of manufacturing a structure, comprising: forming a plurality of modules; connecting the plurality of modules to each other vertically or horizontally; Including, forming the plurality of modules includes: forming a structure; defining at least one of a side surface, a top surface, and a bottom surface of the module with the structure; Including, The structure is Two steel plates arranged parallel to each other on one side and the other side facing each other; a plurality of connecting plates extending parallel to and separately from each other between the two steel plates to connect the two steel plates to each other, the plane along which the plurality of connecting plates extend being perpendicular to the plane along which the two steel plates extend; a column disposed between adjacent connecting plates of the plurality of connecting plates and between the two steel plates; two beams extending from the one column between the two steel plates in opposite directions along which the two steel plates extend; Including, the opposite directions are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the one column, the plurality of connecting plates are configured to support the two beams, and the structure includes a first structure and a second structure adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction of the one column; The step of forming the structure includes: engaging a first post of the first structure with a second post of the second structure to form the first post; connecting first steel plates on the one side and the other side of the first structure to second steel plates on the one side and the other side of the second structure, respectively, to form the two steel plates; Including, The method further includes filling a space defined between the two steel plates with concrete.

[0086] 5. Conclusion

[0087] Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, terms such as "comprises," "comprises," and the like should generally be construed in an inclusive sense, i.e., "including but not limited to," as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense. The term "connected," as generally used herein, also refers to two or more elements being either directly connected or connected via one or more intermediate elements. Where the context permits, terms in the above Detailed Description using singular or plural numbers may also include the plural or singular number, respectively. The terms "or" and "or" referring to a list of two or more items cover all of the following interpretations of that term: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of the items in the list.

[0088] Unless specifically stated or understood otherwise within the context of use, conditional language used herein, such as "can," "could," "may," "might," "for example," "such as," and the like, among others, generally intends that certain embodiments include certain features, elements, and / or conditions, while other embodiments do not.

[0089] While certain embodiments have been described, these embodiments are presented by way of example only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Indeed, the novel structures, modules, constructions, and methods described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms. Furthermore, various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form of the structures, modules, constructions, and methods described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure. Any suitable combination of elements and steps of the various embodiments described above may be combined to provide further embodiments. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as fall within the scope and spirit of the present disclosure.

[0090] The above detailed description of embodiments of the present technology is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the technology to the precise form disclosed above. While specific embodiments and examples of the present technology have been described above for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will recognize that various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the present technology. For example, while steps may be presented in a given order, in other embodiments, the steps may be performed in a different order. Various embodiments described herein may be combined to provide further embodiments. Embodiments of the technology disclosed herein may also be applied to systems other than those explicitly described herein.

[0091] It will be appreciated from the foregoing that, although specific embodiments of the present technology have been described herein for illustrative purposes, well-known structures and functions have not been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the description of the embodiments of the present technology. Where the context permits, singular or plural terms may include plural or singular terms, respectively.

[0092] As used herein, the term "and / or" in "A and / or B" refers to A alone, B alone, and both A and B. Additionally, the terms "comprises" and "comprises" are used throughout to mean the inclusion of at least the recited feature(s), and do not exclude additional variations of more of the same and / or other features. It should also be understood that, although specific embodiments have been described herein for illustrative purposes, various modifications may be made without departing from the present technology. Furthermore, while advantages associated with some embodiments of the present technology have been described in the context of these embodiments, other embodiments may also exhibit such advantages, and not all embodiments necessarily indicate that such advantages fall within the scope of the present technology. Thus, the present disclosure and related technology may encompass other embodiments not explicitly shown or described herein.

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