Co-stabilizers for hydroxyphenyltriazine stabilized polymers.

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of a costabilizer of formula (1) as defined above for further improving the stability against light-induced degradation of a synthetic polymer stabilized with a hydroxyphenyltriazine, wherein the hydroxyphenyltriazine is different from the costabilizer of formula (1).

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the use of a costabilizer of formula (1) as defined below, for further improving the stability against light-induced degradation of a synthetic polymer stabilized with a hydroxyphenyltriazine, wherein the hydroxyphenyltriazine is different from the costabilizer of formula (1). [Background technology]

[0002] A variety of hydroxyphenyltriazine light stabilizers for polymers are known and commercially available, and there is a continuing need to further improve the stabilization of polymers already stabilized with hydroxyphenyltriazine light stabilizers. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0003] The purpose of this is to [ka] [In the formula, E1 is hydrogen and C1 to C 18 Alkyl, -OH, C2-C 18 alkenyloxy, —C(O)OX1 and —OC(O)X2 (wherein X1 and X2 are independently C1 to C6 18 C1-C substituted with 1, 2 or 3 radicals selected from the group consisting of alkyl 18 Alkyl and C3-C interrupted by oxygen 50 C3-C interrupted by alkyl or oxygen 50 hydroxyalkyl, and E2, E3, E4 and E5 are each independently hydrogen, C1 to C 18 alkyl, phenyl, or phenyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 C1-C4 alkyl. Using the co-stabilizer The problem was solved by further improving the stability against light-induced degradation of synthetic polymers stabilized with hydroxyphenyltriazine, where the hydroxyphenyltriazine is different from the co-stabilizer of formula (1).

[0004] Co-stabilizers are used to further improve the stability of synthetic polymers stabilized with hydroxyphenyltriazine against light-induced degradation, which can be determined when comparing a) synthetic polymers stabilized with hydroxyphenyltriazine but without a co-stabilizer with b) synthetic polymers stabilized with hydroxyphenyltriazine and a co-stabilizer.

[0005] The stability of synthetic polymers to photoinduced degradation usually refers to their stability to exposure to UV light. The stability of synthetic polymers can be determined by a variety of methods, including: - The color coordinate L* in CIELAB units is in accordance with ISO 4582, where zero defines black and 100 defines white. - Delta E* in CIELAB units is taken as the square root of the difference between the CIELAB color coordinates L*, a*, and b* at time of recovery minus the CIELAB color coordinates L*, a*, and b* at time zero, as defined in ISO 11664-4. - Clarity and haze (%) according to ASTM D1003. - Haze [%] upon exposure according to ASTM G155 cycle 4. - Transparency [%] upon exposure according to ASTM G155 cycle 4, - Yellowness index according to ASTM E313, unitless. - Yellowness index when exposed to ASTM G155 Cycle 4. - Maximum force during exposure [%] according to DIN ENISO 105 B04. - Absorbance [%] at 290 nm after exposure according to DIN EN ISO 4892-2 cycle 5.

[0006] The weight ratio of costabilizer to hydroxyphenyltriazine is usually from 2:1 to 1:150, preferably from 1:5 to 1:80, and in particular from 1:25 to 1:50.

[0007] The co-stabilizer is a compound represented by the formula (1) [ka] [In the formula, E1 is hydrogen and C1 to C 18 Alkyl, -OH, C2-C 18 alkenyloxy, —C(O)OX1 and —OC(O)X2 (wherein X1 and X2 are independently C1 to C6 18 C1-C substituted with 1, 2 or 3 radicals selected from the group consisting of alkyl 18 Alkyl and C3-C interrupted by oxygen 50 C3-C interrupted by alkyl or oxygen 50 hydroxyalkyl, and E2, E3, E4 and E5 are each independently hydrogen, C1 to C 18 alkyl, phenyl, or phenyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 C1-C4 alkyl. It has.

[0008] C1~C 18Examples of alkyl are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, 2-ethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, 1-methylundecyl, dodecyl, 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylhexyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl and octadecyl. C1-C8 alkyl, for example, isomeric mixtures of methyl, n-butyl, 2-ethylhexyl or octyl, are particularly preferred.

[0009] Preferably, E1 is C1 to C 13 Alkyl, especially linear or branched octyl.

[0010] C1~C 18 Alkyl, preferably -OH, C2-C 18 C3-C substituted with one, two or three radicals selected from the group consisting of alkenyloxy, -C(O)OX1 (or C(O)OY1) and -OC(O)X2 (or OC(O)Y2). 18 Preferred examples of are 2-hydroxyethyl, [ka] is.

[0011] C3-C interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms 50 An example of alkyl is -(CH2CH2-O-)3-CH3.

[0012] C3-C interrupted by oxygen 50 Preferred examples of hydroxyalkyl are: [ka] and [ka] is.

[0013] A preferred example of phenyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 C1-C4 alkyl is 2,4-dimethylphenyl.

[0014] Preferably, the co-stabilizer is a compound represented by formula (2), (3) and (4): [ka] is selected from.

[0015] The costabilizer may be present in the synthetic polymer in an amount of 0.0005 to 10%, preferably 0.005 to 5%, and in particular 0.01 to 2.5% or 0.05 to 2%, relative to the weight of the synthetic polymer.

[0016] In another aspect, the costabilizer can be present in the synthetic polymer in an amount up to 10, 5, 1, 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0.005, 0.001, or 0.0001% by weight of the synthetic polymer.

[0017] The synthetic polymer is stabilized with a hydroxyphenyltriazine, which is different from the co-stabilizer of formula (1).

[0018] The hydroxyphenyltriazine being different from the co-stabilizer of formula (1) generally means that the hydroxyphenyltriazine and the co-stabilizer of formula (1) do not have the same chemical structure.

[0019] The hydroxyphenyltriazine may be present in the synthetic polymer in an amount of 0.005 to 10%, preferably 0.005 to 5%, and in particular 0.01 to 2.5% or 0.05 to 2%, relative to the weight of the synthetic polymer.

[0020] Hydroxyphenyltriazines are represented by the formulas (BI) and (B-II): [ka] [In the formula, G2, G3, G4 and G5 are each independently hydrogen, C1 to C 18 alkyl, phenyl, or phenyl substituted with 1, 2, or 3 C1-C4 alkyl: n is 1 or 2, When n is 1, G1 is C1 to C 18 C2-C interrupted by alkyl or oxygen 18 is hydroxyalkyl, and When n is 2, G1 has the formula ROCOR′, where R and R′ are each independently C1 to C 18 alkylidene) bridging group] [ka] [In the formula, Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are each independently hydrogen, C1 to C 18 C1-C substituted with alkyl and hydroxy 18 Alkyl, C2-C 18 C2-C interrupted by alkyl or oxygen 18 Hydroxyalkyl, -OH, C2-C 18 alkenyloxy, —C(O)OX1 and —OC(O)X2 (wherein X1 and X2 are independently C1 to C6 18 C1-C substituted with 1, 2 or 3 radicals selected from the group consisting of alkyl 18 alkyl, and T1, T2 and T3 are independently hydrogen or C1-C 18 alkyl] and at least one compound selected from:

[0021] Preferably, in the hydroxyphenyltriazines of formulae (BI) and (B-II), G2, G3, G4 and G5 are each independently hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl or phenyl; Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are each independently hydrogen or C1 to C 10alkyl, and T1, T2 and T3 are each independently hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl.

[0022] C1~C 18 Examples of alkyl are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, 2-ethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, 1-methylundecyl, dodecyl, 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylhexyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl and octadecyl.

[0023] C2-C interrupted by oxygen 18 An example of a hydroxyalkyl is a group of formula -CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-O-CH2-CH(C2H5)-(CH2)3-CH3.

[0024] An example of phenyl substituted with one, two or three C1-C4 alkyl is 2,4-dimethylphenyl.

[0025] C1~C 12 Examples of alkyloxy include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, pentoxy, isopentoxy, hexoxy, heptoxy, octoxy and decyloxy. C1-C8 alkyloxy, particularly propoxy, is preferred.

[0026] -OH, C2~C 18 C1-C substituted with one, two or three radicals selected from the group consisting of alkenyloxy, -C(O)OX1 (or -C(O)OY1) and -OC(O)X2 (or -OC(O)Y2). 18 Alkyl, preferably C3-C18 Preferred examples of alkyl include 2-hydroxyethyl, -CH2CH2OC(O)CH 15 , [ka] is.

[0027] C1~C 18 Examples of alkylidene are methylidene, ethylidene, propylidene, butylidene, pentylidene, hexylidene, heptylidene, octylidene, nonylidene, decylidene, undecylidene, dodecylidene, tridecylidene, tetradecylidene, pentadecylidene, hexadecylidene, heptadecylidene and octadecylidene.

[0028] The bridging group of formula ROCOR' is preferably -CH2CH2-OC(O)-(CH2) 10 -C(O)-O-CH2CH2-.

[0029] Preferably, the hydroxyphenyltriazine is at least one compound selected from formulae (BI) to (B6). [ka] [ka] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0030] Examples of synthetic polymers are: 1. Polymers of monoolefins and diolefins, such as polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polybut-1-ene, poly-4-methylpent-1-ene, polyvinylcyclohexane, polyisoprene or polybutadiene, polyhexene, polyoctene, and polymers of cycloolefins, such as polymers of cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cyclooctene or norbornene, polyethylene (optionally crosslinked), such as high density polyethylene (HDPE), high density and high molecular weight polyethylene (HDPE-HMW), high density and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (HDPE-UHMW), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), (VLDPE) and (ULDPE).

[0031] Polyolefins, i.e. the polymers of monoolefins exemplified in the preceding paragraph, preferably polyethylene and polypropylene, can be prepared by different methods, in particular by the following methods: a) Radical polymerization (usually under high pressure and elevated temperature). b) Catalytic polymerization, typically using a catalyst containing one or more metals from Groups IVb, Vb, VIb, or VIII of the periodic table. These metals typically have one or more ligands, typically oxides, halides, alcoholates, esters, ethers, amines, alkyls, alkenyls, and / or aryls, which can be either π- or σ-coordinated. These metal complexes can be in free form or immobilized on substrates, typically activated magnesium chloride, titanium(III) chloride, alumina, or silicon oxide. These catalysts can be soluble or insoluble in the polymerization medium. The catalyst can be used as such in the polymerization, or an additional activator, typically a metal alkyl, metal hydride, metal alkyl halide, metal alkyl oxide, or metal alkyl oxane, can be used, where the metal is an element from Groups Ia, IIa, and / or IIIa of the periodic table. The activator may be conveniently modified with additional ester, ether, amine, or silyl ether groups. These catalyst systems are commonly referred to as Phillips, Standard Oil Indiana, Ziegler (-Natta), TNZ (DuPont), metallocene or single-site catalysts (SSC).

[0032] 2.1) Mixtures of the polymers mentioned above, such as mixtures of polypropylene and polyisobutylene, mixtures of polypropylene and polyethylene (e.g. PP / HDPE, PP / LDPE) and mixtures of different types of polyethylene (e.g. LDPE / HDPE).

[0033] 3. Copolymers of monoolefins and diolefins with each other or with other vinyl monomers, such as ethylene / propylene copolymers, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and their mixtures with low density polyethylene (LDPE), very low density polyethylene, propylene / but-1-ene copolymers, propylene / isobutylene copolymers, ethylene / but-1-ene copolymers, ethylene / hexene copolymers, ethylene / methylpentene copolymers, ethylene / heptene copolymers, ethylene / octene copolymers, ethylene / vinylcyclohexane copolymers, ethylene / cycloolefin copolymers (e.g. ethylene / norbornene, such as COC), ethylene / 1-olefin copolymers (1-olefins generated in situ); propylene / butadiene copolymers, isobutylene / isoprene copolymers, ethylene / vinylcyclohexene copolymers, ethylene / alkyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene / alkyl methacrylate copolymers, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers or ethylene / acrylic acid copolymers and their salts (ionomers), and terpolymers of ethylene and propylene with dienes such as hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene or ethylidene-norbornene; and mixtures of the above-mentioned copolymers with each other and with the polymers of 1) above, such as polypropylene / ethylene-propylene copolymer, LDPE / ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), LDPE / ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer (EAA), LLDPE / EVA, LLDPE / EAA and alternating or random polyalkylene / carbon monoxide copolymers, and mixtures thereof with other polymers, such as polyamides.

[0034] 4. Hydrocarbon resins (e.g., C5-C9), their hydrogenated modifications (e.g., tackifiers), and mixtures of polyalkylenes and starches. The homopolymers and copolymers of 1.) to 4.) can have any stereostructure, including syndiotactic, isotactic, hemiisotactic, or atactic; atactic polymers are preferred. Stereoblock polymers are also included. The copolymers of 1.) to 4.) can be random or block copolymers, single-phase or heterophase, or highly crystalline homopolymers.

[0035] 5. Polystyrene, poly(p-methylstyrene), poly(α-methylstyrene).

[0036] 6. Aromatic homopolymers and copolymers derived from vinyl aromatic monomers, including styrene, α-methylstyrene, all isomers of vinyltoluene, especially p-vinyltoluene, all isomers of ethylstyrene, propylstyrene, vinylbiphenyl, vinylnaphthalene, and vinylanthracene, and mixtures thereof. The homopolymers and copolymers may have any stereostructure, including syndiotactic, isotactic, hemiisotactic, or atactic, with atactic polymers being preferred. Stereoblock polymers are also included.

[0037] 6a. Copolymers comprising the aforementioned vinyl aromatic monomers and comonomers selected from ethylene, propylene, dienes, nitriles, acids, maleic anhydride, maleimides, vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride or acrylic derivatives and mixtures thereof, such as styrene / butadiene, styrene / acrylonitrile, styrene / ethylene (copolymers), styrene / alkyl methacrylate, styrene / butadiene / alkyl acrylate, styrene / butadiene / alkyl methacrylate, styrene / maleic anhydride, styrene / acrylonitrile / methyl acrylate; mixtures of impact-resistant styrene copolymers with other polymers, such as polyacrylates, diene polymers or ethylene / propylene / diene terpolymers; and block copolymers of styrene, such as styrene / butadiene / styrene, styrene / isoprene / styrene, styrene / isoprene / butadiene / styrene, styrene / ethylene / butylene / styrene or styrene / ethylene / propylene / styrene, HIPS, ABS, ASA, AES.

[0038] 6b.6.) Hydrogenated aromatic polymers resulting from the hydrogenation of the polymers described above, in particular polycyclohexylethylene (PCHE) prepared by hydrogenation of atactic polystyrene, which is often called polycyclohexane (PVCH), are also mentioned.

[0039] 6c. Hydrogenated aromatic polymers derived by hydrogenation of the polymers mentioned in 6a.).

[0040] The homopolymers and copolymers can have any stereostructure, such as syndiotactic, isotactic, hemiisotactic, or atactic, with atactic polymers being preferred. Stereoblock polymers are also included.

[0041] 7. Graft copolymers of vinyl aromatic monomers such as styrene or α-methylstyrene, for example, styrene on polybutadiene, styrene on polybutadiene-styrene or polybutadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers; styrene and acrylonitrile (or methacrylonitrile) on polybutadiene; styrene, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate on polybutadiene; styrene and maleic anhydride on polybutadiene; styrene, acrylonitrile and maleic anhydride or maleimide on polybutadiene; styrene and maleimide on polybutadiene; Styrene and alkyl acrylate or alkyl methacrylate on polybutadiene; styrene and acrylonitrile on ethylene / propylene / diene terpolymers; styrene and acrylonitrile on alkyl acrylate or polyalkyl methacrylate, copolymers of styrene and acrylonitrile grafted onto acrylate / butadiene copolymers, and their mixtures with the copolymers listed under 6), for example copolymers of styrene and acrylonitrile grafted onto copolymer mixtures known as ABS, MBS, ASA or AES polymers.

[0042] 8. Polychloroprene, chlorinated rubber, chlorinated and brominated copolymers of isobutylene-isoprene (halobutyl rubber), chlorinated or sulfochlorinated polyethylene, copolymers of ethylene and chlorinated ethylene, epichlorohydrin homopolymers and copolymers, especially polymers of halogen-containing vinyl compounds, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, and halogen-containing polymers such as vinyl chloride / vinylidene chloride, vinyl chloride / vinyl acetate, or vinylidene chloride / vinyl acetate copolymers. The polyvinyl chloride may be rigid or flexible (plasticized).

[0043] 9. Polymers derived from α,β-unsaturated acids and their derivatives such as polyacrylates and polymethacrylates; poly(methyl methacrylate), polyacrylamide and polyacrylonitrile impact modified with butyl acrylate.

[0044] 10.9) Copolymers of the monomers mentioned with each other or with other unsaturated monomers, such as acrylonitrile / butadiene copolymers, acrylonitrile / alkyl acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile / alkoxyalkyl acrylate or acrylonitrile / vinyl halide copolymers or acrylonitrile / alkyl methacrylate / butadiene terpolymers.

[0045] 11. Polymers derived from unsaturated alcohols and amines or their acyl derivatives or acetals, such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl stearate, polyvinyl benzoate, polyvinyl maleate, polyvinyl butyral, polyallyl phthalate or polyallyl melamine, and their copolymers with the olefins mentioned above under 1).

[0046] 12. Homopolymers and copolymers of cyclic ethers such as polyalkylene glycols, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides, etc., or copolymers thereof with bisglycidyl ethers.

[0047] 13. Polyacetals such as polyoxymethylene and polyoxymethylenes containing ethylene oxide as a comonomer; polyacetals modified with thermoplastic polyurethanes, acrylates or MBS.

[0048] 14. Polyphenylene oxides and sulfides and mixtures of polyphenylene oxides with styrene polymers or with polyamides.

[0049] 15. Polyurethanes derived from hydroxyl-terminated polyethers, polyesters, or polybutadienes on the one hand and aliphatic or aromatic polyisocyanates on the other hand, and their precursors: polyurethanes produced by the reaction of (1) diisocyanates with short-chain diols (chain extenders) and (2) diisocyanates with long-chain diols (thermoplastic polyurethanes, TPUs).

[0050] 16. Polyamides and copolyamides derived from diamines and dicarboxylic acids and / or from aminocarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactams, such as polyamide 4, polyamide 6, polyamide 6 / 6, 6 / 10, 6 / 9, 6 / 12, 4 / 6, 12 / 12, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, aromatic polyamides prepared from m-xylylenediamine and adipic acid; polyamides prepared from hexamethylenediamine and isophthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid, with or without elastomers as modifiers, such as poly-2,4,4-trimethylhexyl Polymethylene terephthalamide or poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide; and block copolymers of the aforementioned polyamides with polyolefins, olefin copolymers, ionomers, chemically bonded or grafted elastomers; or block copolymers of the aforementioned polyamides with polyethers, for example, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, or polytetramethylene glycol; as well as polyamides or copolyamides modified with EPDM or ABS; and polyamides condensed during processing (RIM polyamide systems). The polyamides may be amorphous.

[0051] 17. Polyureas, polyimides, polyamideimides, polyetherimides, polyesterimides, polyhydantoins and polybenzimidazoles.

[0052] 18. Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and diols and / or hydroxycarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactones or lactides, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate, poly-1,4-dimethylolcyclohexane terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polyalkylene naphthalates, and polyhydroxybenzoates, and copolyetheresters derived from hydroxyl-terminated polyethers, and also polyesters modified with polycarbonate or MBS. Copolyesters may include, but are not limited to, polybutylene succinate / terephthalate, polybutylene adipate / terephthalate, polytetramethylene adipate / terephthalate, polybutylene succinate / adipate, polybutylene succinate / carbonate, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate / octanoate copolymer, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate / hexanoate / decanoate terpolymer. Furthermore, aliphatic polyesters may include, for example, but are not limited to, the class of poly(hydroxyalkanoates), particularly poly(propiolactone), poly(butyrolactone), poly(pivalolactone), poly(valerolactone), and poly(caprolactone), polyethylene succinate, polypropylene succinate, polybutylene succinate, polyhexamethylene succinate, polyethylene adipate, polypropylene adipate, polybutylene adipate, polyhexamethylene adipate, polyethylene oxalate, polypropylene oxalate, polybutylene oxalate, polyhexamethylene oxalate, polyethylene sebacate, polypropylene sebacate, polybutylene sebacate, polyethylene furanoate, and polylactic acid (PLA), as well as the corresponding polyesters modified with polycarbonate or MBS.The term "polylactic acid (PLA)" preferably refers to a homopolymer of poly-L-lactide and any blends or alloys with other polymers; copolymers of lactic acid or lactide with other monomers, such as hydroxycarboxylic acids, for example, glycolic acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, 4-hydroxybutyric acid, 4-hydroxyvaleric acid, 5-hydroxyvaleric acid, 6-hydroxycaproic acid, and their cyclic forms; the term "lactic acid" or "lactide" includes L-lactic acid, D-lactic acid, mixtures thereof, and dimers, i.e., L-lactide, D-lactide, meso-lactide, and any mixtures thereof. Preferred polyesters are PET, PET-G, and PBT.

[0053] 19. Polycarbonates and polyester carbonates. Polycarbonates are preferably prepared by reacting bisphenol compounds with carbonic acid compounds, especially phosgene, or, in the melt transesterification process, with diphenyl carbonate or dimethyl carbonate. Homopolycarbonates based on bisphenol A and copolycarbonates based on the monomers bisphenol A and 1,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane (bisphenol TMC) are particularly preferred. These and further bisphenol and diol compounds that can be used in polycarbonate synthesis are disclosed, inter alia, in WO 08037364 (page 7, line 21 to page 10, line 5), EP 1582549 (

[0018] to

[0034] ), WO 02026862 (page 2, line 23 to page 5, line 15), and WO 05113639 (page 2, line 1 to page 7, line 20). The polycarbonates may be linear or branched. Mixtures of branched and unbranched polycarbonates may also be used. Suitable branching agents for polycarbonates are known from the literature and are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,185,009 and German Patent No. 2,500,092 (3,3-bis-(4-hydroxyallyl-oxindole according to the invention, in each case see the entire document), German Patent No. 4,240,313 (see page 3, lines 33-55), German Patent No. 19,943,642 (see page 5, lines 25-34) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,367,044, and the literature cited therein. The polycarbonates used may be inherently branched or may be branched in their own right. In the preparation of polycarbonates, no branching agents are added. An example of inherent branching is the so-called Fries structure, which is disclosed in EP 1506249 for melt polycarbonates. Chain terminators can additionally be used in the preparation of polycarbonates. Phenols such as phenol, alkylphenols such as cresol and 4-tert-butylphenol, chlorophenol, bromophenol, cumylphenol, or mixtures thereof are preferably used as chain terminators.Polyester carbonates can be obtained by reacting the aforementioned bisphenols with at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid and, optionally, a carbonic acid equivalent. Suitable aromatic dicarboxylic acids include, for example, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 3,3'- or 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, and benzophenone-dicarboxylic acid. Up to 80 mol %, preferably 20 to 50 mol %, of the carbonate groups in the polycarbonate can be substituted with aromatic dicarboxylic acid ester groups.

[0054] 20. Polyketone.

[0055] 21. Polysulfone, polyethersulfone and polyetherketone.

[0056] 22. Crosslinked polymers derived from aldehydes on the one hand and phenols, urea and melamine on the other hand, such as phenol / formaldehyde resins, urea / formaldehyde resins and melamine / formaldehyde resins.

[0057] 23. Drying and non-drying alkyd resins.

[0058] 24. Unsaturated polyester resins derived from copolyesters of saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids with polyhydric alcohols and vinyl compounds as crosslinkers, as well as halogen-containing modified products thereof with low flammability.

[0059] 25. Crosslinkable acrylic resins derived from substituted acrylates, such as epoxy acrylates, urethane acrylates or polyester acrylates.

[0060] 26. Alkyd resins, polyester resins and acrylate resins crosslinked with melamine resins, urea resins, isocyanates, isocyanurates, polyisocyanates or epoxy resins.

[0061] 27. Crosslinked epoxy resins derived from aliphatic, alicyclic, heterocyclic or aromatic glycidyl compounds, such as the diglycidyl ether products of bisphenol A, bisphenol E, and bisphenol F, with or without accelerators, crosslinked with conventional hardeners such as anhydrides or amines.

[0062] 28. Natural polymers, such as cellulose, rubber, gelatin and their chemically modified homologous derivatives, for example cellulose ethers such as cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate or methylcellulose, and rosin and its derivatives.

[0063] 29. Blends (polyblends) of the aforementioned polymers, such as PP / EPDM, polyamide / EPDM or ABS, PVC / EVA, PVC / ABS, PVC / MBS, PC / ABS, PBTP / ABS, PC / ASA, PC / PBT, PVC / CPE, PVC / acrylate, POM / thermoplastic PUR, PC / thermoplastic PUR, POM / acrylate, POM / MBS, PPO / HIPS, PPO / PA6.6 and copolymers, PA / HDPE, PA / PP, PA / PPO, PBT / PC / ABS or PBT / PET / PC.

[0064] 30. Natural and synthetic organic substances which are pure monomeric compounds or mixtures of such compounds, for example, mineral oils, animal and vegetable fats, oils and waxes or oils, fats and waxes based on synthetic esters (for example phthalates, adipates, phosphates or trimellitates), as well as mixtures of synthetic esters and mineral oils in any weight ratio, typically used as spinning compositions, and aqueous emulsions of such materials.

[0065] 31. Aqueous emulsions of natural or synthetic rubber, such as natural latex or latex of carboxylated styrene / butadiene copolymers.

[0066] 32. Adhesives, for example, block copolymers such as SIS, SBS, SEBS, SEPS (where S stands for styrene, I for isoprene, B for polybutadiene, EB for ethylene / butylene block, and EP for polyethylene / polypropylene block).

[0067] 33. Rubbers, for example polymers of conjugated dienes such as polybutadiene or polyisoprene, copolymers of mono- and diolefins with each other or with other vinyl monomers, copolymers of styrene or α-methylstyrene with dienes or acrylic derivatives, chlorinated rubbers, natural rubber.

[0068] 34. Elastomers, such as natural polyisoprene (cis-1,4-polyisoprene natural rubber (NR) and trans-1,4-polyisoprene guttapercha), synthetic polyisoprene (IR for isoprene rubber), polybutadiene (BR for butadiene rubber), chloroprene rubber (CR), polychloroprene, neoprene, biprene, etc., butyl rubber (copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene, IIR), halogenated butyl rubber (chlorobutyl rubber: CIIR; bromobutyl rubber: BIIR), styrene-butadiene rubber (copolymer of styrene and butadiene, SBR), nitrile rubber (copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile, NBR), hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), also called Buna-N rubber, Therban and Zetpol, EPM (ethylene propylene rubber, copolymer of ethylene and propylene) and EPDM rubber (ethylene propylene diene rubber, ... Terpolymers of polyethylene, propylene and diene components), epichlorohydrin rubber (ECO), polyacrylic rubber (ACM, ABR), silicone rubber (SI, Q, VMQ), fluorosilicone rubber (FVMQ), fluoroelastomers (FKM and FEPM) Viton, Tecnoflon, Fluorel, Aflas and Dai-El, perfluoroelastomers (FFKM) Tecnoflon PFR, Kalrez, Chemraz, Perlast, polyether block amides (PEBA), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM), (Hypalon), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), proteins resilient and elastin, polysulfide rubber, elastoplastics, elastic fibers used in fabric production.

[0069] 35. Thermoplastic elastomers, such as styrenic block copolymers (TPE-s), thermoplastic olefins (TPE-o), elastomeric alloys (TPE-v or TPV), thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU), thermoplastic copolyesters, thermoplastic polyamides, reactor TPO's (R-TPO's), polyolefin plastomers (POP's), polyolefin elastomers (POE's).

[0070] Preferred synthetic polymers are those of the types described above. - 6 (aromatic homopolymers and copolymers derived from vinyl aromatic monomers), such as ABS; - 9 (polymers derived from α,β-unsaturated acids and their derivatives), such as PMMA; - 11 (polymers derived from unsaturated alcohols and amines or their acyl derivatives or acetals), such as, for example, PVB; - 18 (polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and diols and / or hydroxycarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactones or lactides), such as PET; and - 19 (polycarbonates and polyester carbonates), for example polycarbonate.

[0071] In another preferred form, the synthetic polymer is polyethylene terephthalate, poly(methyl methacrylate), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, or polycarbonate.

[0072] In another preferred form, the synthetic polymer is an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer.

[0073] In another preferred embodiment, the synthetic polymer is polycarbonate.

[0074] In another preferred embodiment, the synthetic polymer is polyvinyl butyral.

[0075] In another preferred embodiment, the synthetic polymer is poly(methyl methacrylate).

[0076] In another preferred form, the synthetic polymer is polyethylene terephthalate.

[0077] Recycled plastics, which can be obtained from household, commercial, and industrial waste or collections of useful materials, are also suitable as synthetic polymers. Recycled plastics can result from separation and sorting, or from specific industrial sectors and return obligations, such as the automotive, electrical / electronic, construction, agriculture, and textile industries, or from household and commercial (e.g., supermarkets) sources. Recycled plastics can be single-material recycled plastics, for example, from polymers consisting of polyolefins (polypropylene, high-density polyethylene, blends of low-density polyethylene and polypropylene, and copolymers such as PP / EPDM, PP / PE, and polystyrene), or defined mixtures of recycled plastics.

[0078] It may also contain recycled plastics, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyamides, polycarbonates, cellulose acetate, and polyvinylidene chloride. Secondary amounts of up to about 5% of non-thermoplastic resins, such as polyurethanes, formaldehyde resins, and phenolic resins, and typical amino resins, as well as elastomers, such as vulcanized or unvulcanized rubber, may also be present. Small amounts of contaminants, such as paper, pigments, and adhesives, that are often difficult to remove, may also be present in certain plastic wastes. These contaminants may result from contact with a variety of substances during use or processing, such as combustion residues, paint components, traces of metals, initiator residues, or traces of water.

[0079] The incorporation of the co-stabilizer and hydroxyphenyltriazine into the synthetic polymer can be achieved by conventional methods, such as by adding the modifier blend or a single component thereof to the polymer material. The components can be added to the synthetic polymer in the form of a liquid, powder, granules, or masterbatch. The co-stabilizer and hydroxyphenyltriazine, and optionally further additives, can be added to the synthetic polymer either separately or mixed with each other. The co-stabilizer and hydroxyphenyltriazine are preferably added together, such as in the form of a masterbatch.

[0080] The synthetic polymers treated according to the present invention can be used in a wide variety of forms, for example, as films, fibers (continuous or discontinuous), tapes, or molded articles. Fibers, including bicomponent fibers, are preferred. Bicomponent fibers refer to fibers comprising at least two different polymer domains a) and b) that are in close contact along the length of the fiber. These fibers may be of any shape and are not limited to a specific shape. Examples of such shapes are side-by-side; sheath-core, orange, and matrix and fibril. Sheath-core and side-by-side bicomponent fibers are preferred, and sheath-core bicomponent fibers are especially preferred.

[0081] A preferred article is a nonwoven, which is intended to include a web, which is intended to mean a woven structure of individual fibers, filaments, or threads that are directionally or randomly oriented, as opposed to a regular pattern of mechanically interlocking fibers, and that are bonded by friction, cohesion, adhesive, and / or mechanical processes; i.e., it is neither a woven nor a knitted fabric. Examples of nonwovens include meltblown filaments, spunbonded continuous filament webs, carded webs, airlaid webs, and wet-laid paper webs. Suitable bonding methods include thermal bonding, chemical or solvent bonding, resin bonding, mechanical needling bonding, hydraulic needling, and stitch bonding. Suitable articles made from polymeric materials are geotextiles, roofing materials, cables, films, filtration media, filters, diapers, sanitary napkins, panty liners, adult incontinence products, protective clothing, surgical drapes, surgical gowns, or surgical attire.

[0082] The synthetic polymer may comprise further components as additives. These further additives may be selected from the following list: 1. Antioxidants 1.1. Alkylated monophenols, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(α-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, nonylphenols having linear or branched side chains, such as 2,6-di-nonyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylundec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylheptadec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methyltridec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methyl-1'-tetradecyl-methyl)phenol, and mixtures thereof.

[0083] 1.2. Alkylthiomethylphenols, such as 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-dodecyl-thiomethyl-4-nonyl-phenol.

[0084] 1.3. Hydroquinone and alkylated hydroquinones, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyl-oxyphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl stearate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)adipate.

[0085] 1.4. Tocopherols, such as a-tocopherol, b-tocopherol, g-tocopherol, d-tocopherol and mixtures thereof (vitamin E), vitamin E acetate. Particularly preferred is the addition of 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-[4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl]-chroman-6-ol, which is a commercially available vitamin E (eg IrganoxE201™).

[0086] 1.5. Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers, such as 2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(3,6-di-sec-amylphenol), 4,4'-bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulfide.

[0087] 1.6. Alkylidene bisphenols, such as 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[4-methyl-6-(α-methylcyclohexyl)phenol], 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis( 4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(a-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis-(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl) ) butane, 2,6-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-tris(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, ethylene glycol bis[3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)dicyclopentadiene Benzene, bis[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl]terephthalate, 1,1-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)butane, 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, 1,1,5,5-tetra(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)pentane.

[0088] 1.7. O-, N-, and S-benzyl compounds, such as 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl mercaptoacetic acid, tridecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl mercaptoacetic acid, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl)amine, bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)dithioterephthalic acid, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, isooctyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl mercaptoacetic acid.

[0089] 1.8. Hydroxybenzylated malonic acids, such as dioctadecyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)malonic acid, dioctadecyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)malonic acid, didodecylmercaptoethyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonic acid, bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonic acid.

[0090] 1.9. Aromatic hydroxybenzyl compounds, for example, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 1,4-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetra-methylbenzene, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol.

[0091] 1.10. Triazine compounds, such as 2,4-bis(octylmercapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-anilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-anilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,2,3-triazine, 1,3 ,5-Tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl)isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate.

[0092] 1.11. Benzylphosphonic acids, such as dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid, diethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid, dioctadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid, dioctadecyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonic acid, calcium salts of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid, (3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylphosphonic acid.

[0093] 1.12. Acylaminophenols, for example, 4-hydroxylauranilide, 4-hydroxystearanilide, N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)octyl carbamate.

[0094] 1.13. Mixtures of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with, for example, methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, linear and branched C7-C9 alkanols, octadecanol, linear and branched C 13 ~C 15 Esters with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols such as mixtures of alkanols, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaerythritol; tris-(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis-(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. Preferred are esters of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, especially esters with octadecanol, such as the adduct of octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, which is commercially available (e.g., Irganox 1076™).

[0095] 1.14. Esters of β-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, etc.; tris(hydroxyethyl) N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; 3,9-bis[2-{3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy}-1,1-dimethylethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane.

[0096] 1.15. Esters of β-(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, etc.; tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

[0097] 1.16. Esters of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, etc.; tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

[0098] 1.17. Amides of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, such as N,N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamide, N,N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)trimethylenediamide, N,N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazide, N,N′-bis[2-(3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionyloxy)ethyl]oxamide (Naugard XL-1®, supplied by SI Group).

[0099] 1.18. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

[0100] 1.19. Amine antioxidants, such as N,N'-di-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine amine, N,N'-bis(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1-methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4-(p-toluenesulfamoyl)diphenylamine, N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylene Diamines, diphenylamines, N-allyldiphenylamine, 4-isopropoxydiphenylamine, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, N-(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamine, N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, nonylated diphenylamines, octylated diphenylamines such as p,p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4-n-butylaminophenol, 4-butyrylaminophenol, 4-nonanoylaminophenol, 4-dodecanoylaminophenol, 4-octadecanoylaminophenol, bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylaminomethylphenol, 2,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1,2-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]ethane, 1,2-bis(phenylamino)propane, (o-tolyl)biguanide, bis[4-(1',3'-dimethylbutyl)-phenyl]amine, tert-octylated N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, mixtures of mono- and di-alkylated tert-butyl / tert-octyldiphenylamines, mixtures of mono- and di-alkylated nonyldiphenylamines, mixtures of mono- and di-alkylated dodecyldiphenylamines, mixtures of mono- and di-alkylated isopropyl / isohexyldiphenylamines, mixtures of mono- and di-alkylated tert-butyldiphenylamines, 2,3-dihydro- 3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazine, phenothiazine, a mixture of mono- and di-alkylated tert-butyl / tert-octylphenothiazines or a mixture of mono- and di-alkylated tert-octylphenothiazines, N-allylphenothiazine, N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2-ene, N-[(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-1-naphthalenamine] (commercially available as Irganox L06™).

[0101] Alternatively or additionally, mixtures of commercially available additives can be used, among which Irganox 5057™, which is obtained by reaction of diphenylamine with diisobutylene and contains: (A) 5057 Diphenylamine; (B) 5057 4-tert-butyldiphenylamine; (C) 5057 Compounds of the group i) 4-tert-octyldiphenylamine, ii) 4,4'-di-tert-butyldiphenylamine, iii) 2,4,4'-tris-tert-butyldiphenylamine, (D) 5057 Compounds of the group i) 4-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine, ii) o,o', m,m' or p,p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, iii) 2,4-di-tert-butyl-4'-tert-octyldiphenylamine, (E) 5057 Compounds of the group i) 4,4'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, ii) 2,4-di-tert-octyl-4'-tert-butyldiphenylamine, wherein 5% by weight or less of component (A) 5057 , 8 to 15% by weight of component (B) 5057 , 24 to 32% by weight of component (C) 5057 , 23 to 34% by weight of component (D) 5057 and 21 to 34% by weight of component (E). 5057 exists.

[0102] 2. UV absorbers and light stabilizers 2.1. 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles, such as 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2 -(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-octyloxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-amyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-bis(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, -tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-dodecyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-isooctyloxycarbonylethyl)phenylbenzotriazole, 2,2'-methylenebis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-benzotriazol-2-ylphenol]; 2-[3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole transesterification products with polyethylene glycol 300; [R'-CH2-CH2-CO-O-CH2-CH2-]2, where R'=3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxy-5'-2H-benzotriazol-2-ylphenyl, 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]benzotriazole; 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-5'-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)phenyl]benzotriazole.

[0103] 2.2.2-Hydroxybenzophenones, such as the 4-hydroxy, 4-methoxy, 4-octyloxy, 4-decyloxy, 4-dodecyloxy, 4-benzyloxy, 4,2',4'-trihydroxy and 2'-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy derivatives.

[0104] 2.3. Esters of substituted and unsubstituted benzoic acids, such as, for example, 4-tert-butyl-phenyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate, octylphenyl salicylate, dibenzoylresorcinol, bis(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)resorcinol, benzoylresorcinol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 2-methyl-4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.

[0105] 2.4. Acrylates / cinnamates, such as ethyl α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate, isooctyl α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate, methyl α-carbomethoxycinnamate, methyl α-cyano-β-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, butyl α-cyano-β-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, methyl α-carbomethoxy-p-methoxycinnamate, N-(β-carbomethoxy-β-cyanovinyl)-2-methylindoline and neopentyl tetra(α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate) or European Sterically hindered acrylates such as those disclosed in US Pat. No. 3,587,425, such as (2E,2'E)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,9-diylbis(2-methylpropane-2,1-diyl)bis(2-cyano-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylate) [CAS Registry Number 2233585-18-5] or similar derivatives, wherein one of each of the two OCH groups (methoxy) in the (2-cyano-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylate) moiety is replaced by a respective OC6H 13 group, resulting in a bis(2-cyano-3-(3-methoxy-4-hexyloxyphenyl)acrylate) derivative.

[0106] 2.5. Nickel compounds, for example nickel complexes of 2,2'-thiobis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol], such as the 1:1 or 1:2 complexes, with or without additional ligands, such as n-butylamine, triethanolamine or N-cyclohexyldiethanolamine; nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate; nickel salts of monoalkyl esters, such as the methyl or ethyl ester of 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl-phosphonic acid; nickel complexes of ketoximes, such as 2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl-undecyl-ketoxime; nickel complexes of 1-phenyl-4-lauroyl-5-hydroxypyrazole, with or without additional ligands.

[0107] 2.6. Sterically hindered amines, such as bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)succinate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate, condensation product of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine with succinic acid, N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6 -tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine linear or cyclic condensation products, tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)nitrilotriacetate, tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, 1,1'-(1,2-ethanediyl)-bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazinone), 4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-stearyloxy-2 ,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-2-n-butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl)malonate, 3-n-octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperid-4-yl)sebacate, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperid-4-yl)succinate, bis-[2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1 -(undecyloxy)-piperidin-4-yl]carbonate, linear or cyclic condensation product of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine with 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, condensation product of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine with 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, 2-chloro-4,6-di-(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-1,3,Condensation product of 5-triazine and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione, 3-dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, 3-dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, a mixture of 4-hexadecyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine and 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6 Condensation products of N,N-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, and 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (CAS Registry Number [136504-96-6]); condensation products of 1,6-hexanediamine and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, and condensation products of N,N-dibutylamine and 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (CAS Registry Number [192268 64-7]), N6,N6'-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N2,N4-dibutyl-N2,N4,N6-tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine], reaction products of butanal and hydrogen peroxide, N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide, N-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide, 2-(2-methyl-4-piperidyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyloxycarbonyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-ethene, N,N'-bisformyl-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine, diester of 4-methoxymethylenemalonic acid and 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine, poly[methylpropyl-3-oxy-4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)]siloxane, reaction products of maleic anhydride-α-olefin copolymer with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine or 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-aminopiperidine, N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-propoxypiperidine), a mixture of oligomeric compounds which are the formal condensation products of N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-propoxypiperidin-4-yl)-hexane-1,6-diamine and 2,4-dichloro-6-{n-butyl-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-propoxypiperidin-4-yl)-amino}-[1,3,5]triazine end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis-(di-n-butylamino)-[1,3,5]triazine; A mixture of oligomeric compounds which are the formal condensation products of 2,4-dichloro-6-{n-butyl-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-amino}-[1,3,5]triazine end-capped with N2,N4-dibutyl-N2,N4-bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl)-6-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-[1,3,5]-triazine-2,4-diamine, 2,4-bis[N-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-butylamino]-[1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diamine, amino]-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine, 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 5-(2-ethylhexanoyl)oxymethyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-2-morpholinone, Sanduvor 3058 (Clariant; CAS Registry Number [106917-31-1]), 5-(2-ethylhexanoyl)oxymethyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-2-morpholinone, 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,Reaction products of [6-piperidin-4-yl]butylamino]-6-chloro-s-triazine with N,N'-bis-(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine, 1,3,5-tris(N-cyclohexyl-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperazin-3-one-4-yl)amino)-s-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(N-cyclohexyl-N-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperazin-3-one-4-yl)amino)-s-triazine.

[0108] 2.7. Oxamides, such as 4,4'-dioctyloxyoxanilide, 2,2'-diethoxyoxanilide, 2,2'-dioctyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide, 2,2'-didodecyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxanilide, N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)oxamide, 2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-ethoxanilide and its mixture with 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4'-di-tert-butoxanilide, mixtures of o- and p-methoxy disubstituted oxanilides, and mixtures of o- and p-ethoxy disubstituted oxanilides.

[0109] 3. Metal deactivators, such as N,N'-diphenyloxamide, N-salicylal-N'-salicyloylhydrazine, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)hydrazine, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl-propionyl)hydrazine, 3-salicyloylamino-1,2,4-triazole, bis(benzylidene)oxalyl dihydrazide, oxanilide, isophthaloyl dihydrazide, sebacoyl bisphenylhydrazide, N,N'-diacetyladipoyl dihydrazide, N,N'-bis-(salicyloyl)oxalyl dihydrazide, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)thiopropionyl dihydrazide.

[0110] 4. Phosphites and phosphonates such as trisalkyl (C12 to C15) phosphite, triisodecyl phosphite, triisotridecyl phosphite, dioleylhydrogen phosphite, triisooctyl phosphite, heptakis(dipropylene glycol) triphosphite, trilauryl trithio phosphite, tris(dipropylene glycol) phosphite, dimethyl hydrogen phosphite, dibutyl hydrogen phosphite, dilauryl hydrogen phosphite, tri-C12 to C14-phosphite, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphite. Other phosphites and phosphonates are liquids such as di-n-octyl hydrogen phosphite or di-iso-octyl hydrogen phosphite or for example triphenyl phosphite, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, phenyl diisodecyl phosphite, diphenyl isodecyl phosphite, [triphenyl phosphite, polymer of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and polypropylene glycol, C10-16 alkyl esters (CAS Registry Number 1821217-71-3)]. Further optional phosphite or phosphonate additives include, for example, alkyl (C12-C15) bisphenol A phosphite, alkyl (C10) bisphenol A phosphite, poly(dipropylene glycol) phenyl phosphite, tris(tridecyl) phosphite, diphenyl phosphite, dodecylnonylphenol phosphite blend, phenyl neopentylene glycol phosphite, poly 4,4' isopropylidenediphenol-C10 alcohol phosphite, poly 4,4' isopropylidenediphenol-C12-15 alcohol phosphite, diphenyl alkyl phosphite, phenyl dialkyl phosphite, C 12 ~C 18 Alkylbis[4-(1-methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl)phenyl]phosphite, C 12 ~C 18Alkenyl bis[4-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenyl]phosphite, bis[4-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenyl][(E)-octadec-9-enyl]phosphite, decyl bis[4-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenyl]phosphite, didecyl[4-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenyl]phosphite, [4-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenyl]bis[(E)-octadec-9-enyl]phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, di Stearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, diisodecyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-dicumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, diisodecyloxypentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6- bis(2,4,6-tris(tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4,6-tris(tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, [2-tert-butyl-4-[1-[5-tert-butyl-4-di(tridecoxy)phosphanyloxy-2-methylphenyl]butyl]-5-methylphenyl]ditridecyl phosphite, tristearyl sorbitol triphosphite, a mixture of at least two different tris(mono-C1-C8-alkyl)phenyl phosphites, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,468,410 B2 phosphite mixtures containing at least two different tris(amylphenyl)phosphites, such as the mixtures described herein as the products of Examples 1 and 2; mixtures of at least four different phosphites containing tris[4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl]phosphite, such as the phosphite mixtures described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,008,383 B2 as mixtures 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26; mixtures of at least four different phosphites containing tris[4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl]phosphite, such as [2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl]bis[4-(1,oxyalkylene-bridged bis-(di-C6-)phenyl]phosphite, bis[2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl][4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl]phosphite and tris[2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl]phosphite, mixtures of phosphites containing at least two different tris(butylphenyl)phosphites, for example, the mixture of phosphites described as 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40 in U.S. Pat. No. 8,008,383 B2; oligomeric phosphites obtained by condensation of (i) trichlorophosphane with (ii) a dihydroxyalkane interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms and (iii) a monohydroxy-C6-arene under elimination of hydrogen chloride, such as the phosphites described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,304,477 B2 as the products of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17, and (ii) a dihydroxyalkane interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, with elimination of hydrogen chloride, such as the phosphites described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,304,477 B2 as the products of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17, and (iii) a monohydroxy-C6-arene under elimination of hydrogen chloride, such as the phosphites described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,304,477 B2 as the products of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17, and (iii) polymeric phosphites obtained by transesterification of dihydroxyalkanes and / or bis-(hydroxyalkyl)(alkyl)-amines interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms with monohydroxyalkanes, optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, with elimination of phenol, such as the polymeric phosphites described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,563,637 B2 as the products of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)4,4′-biphenylenediphosphoric acid, Nite, 6-isooctyloxy-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12H-dibenz[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)-methyl bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)methyl phosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)ethyl phosphite, 6-fluoro-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12-methyl-dibenz[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin, 1,3,7,9-tetra-tert-butyl-11-octoxy-5H-benzo[d][1,3,2]benzodioxaphosphocin, 2,2',2''-nitrilo[triethyltris(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl)phosphite], phosphorous acid, triphenyl ester, polymer with α-hydro-ω-hydroxypoly[oxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)], C10-16-alkyl ester (CAS Registry Number [1 227937-46-3]), 2-ethylhexyl (3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl) phosphite, 5-butyl-5-ethyl-2-(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenoxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphosphirane, phosphorous acid, a mixture of 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl and 4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl triester (CAS Registry Number [939402-02-5]).

[0111] The following phosphites are particularly preferred: tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite (Irgafos® 168, Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc.), tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite, [ka]

[0112] 5. Hydroxylamines and amine N-oxides, such as N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine, N,N-di-ethylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine, N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine, N,N-ditetradecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dihexadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctadecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines derived from hydrogenated tallow amine, N,N-bis-(hydrogenated rapeseed oil alkyl)-N-methylamine N-oxide or trialkylamine N-oxides.

[0113] 6. Nitrones such as N-benzyl-α-phenyl nitrone, N-ethyl-α-methyl nitrone, N-octyl-α-heptyl nitrone, N-lauryl-α-undecyl nitrone, N-tetradecyl-α-tridecyl nitrone, N-hexadecyl-α-pentadecyl nitrone, N-octadecyl-α-heptadecyl nitrone, N-hexadecyl-α-heptadecyl nitrone, N-octadecyl-α-pentadecyl nitrone, N-heptadecyl-α-heptadecyl nitrone, N-octadecyl-α-hexadecyl nitrone, nitrones derived from N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines derived from hydrogenated tallow amine (optionally from a food source).

[0114] 7. Thiosynergists, such as dilauryl thiodipropionate, dimistryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate and pentaerythritol tetrakis-[3-(n-lauryl)propionate].

[0115] 8. Peroxide scavengers, for example, esters of a-thiodipropionic acid, such as the lauryl, stearyl, myristyl or tridecyl ester, zinc salts of mercaptobenzimidazole or 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate, dioctadecyl disulfide, pentaerythritol tetrakis(b-dodecylmercapto)propionate.

[0116] 10. Polyamide stabilizers, such as copper salts in combination with iodides and / or phosphorus compounds and salts of divalent manganese.

[0117] 11. Basic co-stabilizers, such as melamine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dicyandiamide, triallyl cyanurate, urea derivatives, hydrazine derivatives, amines, polyamides, polyurethanes, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of higher fatty acids, such as calcium stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium behenate, magnesium stearate, sodium ricinoleate and potassium palmitate, antimony pyrocatecholate or zinc pyrocatecholate, zeolites, hydrotalcites, hydrocalminates, zinc oxide.

[0118] 12. Nucleating agents, for example, inorganic substances such as talcum, metal oxides such as titanium dioxide or magnesium oxide, phosphates including phosphates such as 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol)phosphate sodium salt, 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol)phosphate aluminum salt or 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol)phosphate lithium salt, preferably alkaline earth metal carbonates or sulfates; monocarboxylic acids or polycarboxylic acids Organic compounds such as carboxylic acids and their salts, for example, 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid, adipic acid, diphenylacetic acid, sodium succinate or sodium benzoate, calcium 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, disodium bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid; polymeric compounds such as ionic copolymers (ionomers); triaminobenzene derivatives such as 1,3,5-tris[2,2-dimethylpropionylamine]benzene; zinc glycerolate; and nonitol derivatives. 1,3:2,4-bis(3',4'-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol, 1,3:2,4-di(paramethyldibenzylidene)sorbitol, and 1,3:2,4-di(benzylidene)sorbitol are particularly preferred.

[0119] 13. Fillers and reinforcing agents, for example, calcium carbonate, silicates, glass fibers, glass beads, asbestos, talc, kaolin, mica, barium sulfate, metal oxides and hydroxides, carbon black, graphite, wood flour and other natural product flours or fibers, synthetic fibers.

[0120] 14. Other additives, such as plasticizers, lubricants, emulsifiers, pigments, rheological additives, catalysts, flow control agents, optical brighteners, flame retardants, antistatic and foaming agents, heat stabilizers, anti-fog agents, anti-mist agents, anti-blocking agents, slip agents, anti-scratch agents.

[0121] 15. Benzofuranones and indolinones, for example, those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,325,863, 4,338,244, 5,175,312, 5,216,052, 5,252,643, DE-A-4316611A, DE-A-4316622A, DE-A-4316876A, EP-A-0589839 or EP-A-0591102, WO-A-0589839, WO ... benzofuranones and indolinones described in WO 2015 / 121445 pamphlet and WO 2017 / 025431 pamphlet, or 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)benzofuran-2-one, 3-(4-acetoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-pivaloyloxyphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, t-Butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(2-acetoxy-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)-5-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)benzofuran-2-one, [6-[6-[6-[2-[4-(5,7-di-tert-butyl-2-oxo-3H-benzofuran-3-yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]-6-oxohexoxy]-6-oxohexoxy]-6-oxohexyl]6-hydroxyhexyl xanoate, [4-tert-butyl-2-(5-tert-butyl-2-oxo-3H-benzofuran-3-yl)phenyl]benzoate, [4-tert-butyl-2-(5-tert-butyl-2-oxo-3H-benzofuran-3-yl)phenyl]3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate and [4-tert-butyl-2-(5-tert-butyl-2-oxo-3H-benzofuran-3-yl)phenyl]3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate.

[0122] 16. Flame retardants 16.1. Phosphorus-containing flame retardants, such as the following reactive phosphorous-containing flame retardants: tetraphenylresorcinol diphosphite (Fyrolflex RDP, RTM, Akzo Nobel), tetrakis(hydroxy-methyl)phosphonium sulfide, triphenyl phosphate, diethyl-N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminomethyl phosphonate, hydroxyalkyl esters of phosphoric acid, alkyl phosphate oligomers, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), resorcinol diphosphate oligomer (RDP), phosphazene flame retardants or ethylenediamine diphosphate (EDAP).

[0123] 16.2. Nitrogen-containing flame retardants, such as melamine-based flame retardants, isocyanurates, polyisocyanurates; tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanuric acid, tris(hydroxymethyl)isocyanuric acid, tris(3-hydroxy-n-propyl)isocyanuric acid; esters of isocyanuric acid, such as triglycidyl isocyanurate; melamine cyanurate, melamine borate, melamine phosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, melamine polyphosphate, melamine ammonium polyphosphate, ammonium melamine pyrophosphate, dimelamine phosphate, dimelamine pyrophosphate, benzoguanamine, allantoin, glycoluril, urea cyanurate; condensation products and / or higher condensation compounds of melamine from the melem, melam, melon series; or reaction products of melamine with phosphoric acid or mixtures thereof.

[0124] 16.3. Organic halogen flame retardants, such as polybrominated diphenyl oxide, decabromodiphenyl oxide (DBDPO), tris[3-bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propyl]phosphate (PB370, (RTM, FMC Corp.)), tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate, chloroalkyl phosphate esters, such as tris(chloropropyl)phosphate, tris(2,3-dichloropropyl)phosphate, tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (Fyrol FR2 (RTM ICL)), chloroalkyl phosphate oligomers, chlorendic acid, tetrachlorophthalic acid, tetrabromophthalic acid, poly-b-chloroethyltriphosphonic acid mixtures; tetrabromobisphenol A-bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) (PE68), brominated epoxy resins, brominated aryl esters, ethylene-bis(tetrabromophthalimide) (Saytex Examples of halogenated flame retardants include BT-93 (RTM, Albemarle), bis(hexachlorocyclopentadieno)cyclooctane (Declorane Plus (RTM, Oxychem)), chlorinated paraffins, octabromodiphenyl ethers, hexachlorocyclopentadiene derivatives, 1,2-bis(tribromophenoxy)ethane (FF680), tetrabromobisphenol A (Saytex RB100 (RTM, Albemarle)), ethylene bis-(dibromonorbornanedicarboximide) (Saytex BN-451 (RTM, Albemarle)), bis(hexachlorocycloentadeno)cyclooctane, PTFE, isocyanuric acid, or ethylene-bis-tetrabromophthalimide. Some of the halogenated flame retardants mentioned above are routinely combined with inorganic oxide synergists. Some of the above-mentioned halogenated flame retardants may be used in combination with triaryl phosphates (such as propylated, butylated triphenyl phosphate) and / or oligomeric aryl phosphates (such as resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate), bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate), neopentyl glycol bis(diphenyl phosphate)).

[0125] 16.4. Inorganic flame retardants, such as aluminum trihydroxide (ATH), boehmite (AlOOH), magnesium dihydroxide (MDH), zinc borate, CaCO3, organically modified layered silicates, organically modified layered double hydroxides and mixtures thereof. With regard to synergistic effects in combination with halogenated flame retardants, the most common inorganic oxide synergists are zinc oxide, antimony oxides such as Sb2O3 or Sb2O5 or boron compounds. [Example]

[0126] Compound 1: N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-N,N'-diformylhexamethylenediamine. Compound 2: 2-[4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-5-(octyloxy)phenol Compound 3: Phenol, 2-[4,6-bis([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-5-[(ethylhexyl)oxy] Compound 4: 5-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-2-(4-{4-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-2-hydroxyphenyl}-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenol Compound 5: 2-[4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-5-[3-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-2- Hydroxypropoxy]-phenol Compound 6: Decanedioic acid, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(octyloxy)-4-piperidinyl) ester, reaction product with 1,1-dimethylethyl hydroperoxide and octane Compound 7: Butanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1- Polymer with piperidine ethanol, Mn 3 100-4000 g / mol Compound 8: Phenol, 2-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-5-hexyloxy Compound 9: Reaction product of 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine with N-butyl-1-butanamine and N-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine Compound 10: Propanoic acid, 2-(4-(4,6-bis((1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-3-hydroxyphenoxy)-, isooctyl ester

[0127] Example using ABS All of the examples relating to acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) contained a base stabilizer consisting of 0.02% octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate, 0.08% tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, and 0.15% Compound 1.

[0128] process: The additives, all in powder form, were added to crushed ABS (Terluran® GP-22, density 1040 kg / m 3 , Melt volume rate 220℃ / 10kg 19cm 3 The formulations were obtained by dry blending in a high-speed mixer with 1000 rpm for 2 minutes (10 min). The additive levels are reported in weight percent based on the weight of ABS. The mixtures were pre-dried in a vacuum oven for 12 hours at 60°C.

[0129] The dry blend was melt-extruded into pellets in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with a screw diameter of 25 mm and a length-to-diameter ratio of 42. The screw rotation speed was 160 rpm, the material throughput was 7 kg / h, the zone settings were 160°C / 170°C / 180°C / 190°C / 200°C / 210°C / 220°C / 220°C, and the melt temperature was 215°C. The extruder feeder was under a nitrogen blanket (40 ml / min). After the extrudate left the extruder nozzle, it was cooled directly in water. The extrudate was pelletized under air. The obtained pellets were pre-dried in a vacuum oven at 60°C for 12 hours.

[0130] The pre-dried pellets were then injection molded in an injection molding machine with a clamping force of 500 kN and zone settings of 45°C / 190°C / 200°C / 210°C / 220°C / 220°C. The nozzle temperature was 220°C. The mold temperature was 60°C on both sides. Plaques with dimensions of 2 mm x 44 mm x 68 mm were obtained.

[0131] Next, for long-term accelerated weathering tests, the specimens were subjected to DIN EN ISO 105B06 (xenon light, irradiance 1.20 W / (m ) at 420 nm). 2 The plaques were exposed in an Atlas xenon weathering tester with parameters set at 100°C (100°F / 200°F). The dry bulb temperature was 65°C, the black standard temperature was 100°C, the relative moisture content was 30%, and no water spray was applied. Measurements were taken at various times and are reported in hours in the table below.

[0132] Measurement method: The color coordinate L* in CIELAB units is in accordance with ISO 4582, where zero defines black and 100 defines white. The higher the color coordinate L*, the better.

[0133] Delta E* in CIELAB units is taken as the square root of the difference between the CIELAB color coordinates L*, a*, and b* at recovery minus the CIELAB color coordinates L*, a*, and b* at time zero, as defined in ISO 11664-4. The lower the Delta E*, the better. The results summarized in Table 1 were obtained after 519 hours of exposure.

[0134] [Table 1]

[0135] The above results showed that for the ABS stabilized with the combination of the two additives in Example 1, the L* color coordinate was significantly higher and the Delta E* color difference was significantly lower.

[0136] Example using polyvinyl butyral (PVB) As polymer, low viscosity PVB with a medium degree of acetalization (Mowital® BA20S) was used.

[0137] First, a mixture consisting of 74.965% PVB, 24.987% diethylene glycol bis-2-ethylhexanoate / triethylene glycol bis-2-ethylhexanoate, 0.022% magnesium acetate tetrahydrate, and 0.026% magnesium(II) 2-ethylbutyrate was dry blended in a high-speed mixer.

[0138] Compounding was carried out in a Brabender mixer by adding x% of additives to (100-x)% of the dry blend mixture as shown in the table below. The mixer was under a nitrogen blanket. The temperature was set to 135°C, the rotation speed of the mixing element was set to 30 revolutions per minute, and the mix time was set to 10 minutes. The amount of each compound mixed in the Brabender mixer was 48 grams.

[0139] The kneaded compound was then compressed into plaques in a press set at 185°C, with a pre-time of 1 minute at 5 bar and a pressing time of 2 minutes at 250 bar. Cooling was carried out in a second press at room temperature for 1.5 minutes. Teflon foil was placed on each side of the press plates to prevent the compound from adhering to the metal. Plaques with a thickness of 0.2 mm were obtained.

[0140] Next, for long-term accelerated weathering, the plaques were exposed to ASTM G155 (xenon light, irradiance at 340 nm of 0.30 W / (m²⋅nm) in an Atlas xenon weathering tester, cycle 4 setting: dry bulb temperature 35°C, black panel temperature 55°C, relative moisture content 55%, no water spray) according to cycle 4 setting. Measurements were taken at various times and are reported in hours in the table below.

[0141] Measurement method: Clarity and haze (%) were measured according to ASTM D 1003. The higher the clarity and the lower the haze, the better.

[0142] Yellowness index according to ASTM E313, unitless. The lower the yellowness index, the better.

[0143] Delta E* in CIELAB units is defined in ISO 11664-4 as the square root of the difference between the CIELAB color coordinates L*, a*, and b* at time recovery minus the CIELAB color coordinates L*, a*, and b* at time zero. The lower the Delta E*, the better.

[0144] [Table 2]

[0145] The above results showed significantly higher clarity values ​​for the PVB stabilized in Examples 3 and 4.

[0146] [Table 3]

[0147] The above results showed that the haze values ​​were significantly lower for the PVB stabilized in Example 5.

[0148] [Table 4]

[0149] The above results showed that the yellowness index values ​​were significantly lower for the PVB stabilized in Examples 6 and 7.

[0150] [Table 5]

[0151] The above results showed that the yellowness index values ​​were significantly lower for the PVB stabilized in Example 8.

[0152] [Table 6]

[0153] The above results showed that for the PVB stabilized in Examples 9 and 10, the Delta E* color difference was significantly lower.

[0154] Example using PET fiber process: All PET fibers tested in this section contained a base stabilizer consisting of 0.02% pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate) and 0.08% bis-(2,4-di-tert-butylphenol)pentaerythritol diphosphite. All additives, either in powder form or specially ground in a laboratory to powder form if not already in powder form, were dry-blended in a high-speed mixer for 2 minutes at 3000 rpm with polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a similarly pre-ground powder (Invista 4048, inherent viscosity of 0.645 (1% solution in dichloroacetic acid)), and less than 1.1 wt.% diethylene glycol to obtain the formulation. Additive levels are reported as weight percent based on the weight of PET.

[0155] The mixture was pre-dried in a vacuum oven for 8 hours at 120°C. The moisture level after pre-drying was 0.004%, as determined by Karl-Fischer titration. The dry blend was melt-extruded into pellets in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with a screw diameter of 25 mm and a length-to-diameter ratio of 47°C. The screw rotation speed was 160 rpm, the material throughput was 15 kg / h, the zone settings were 30°C / 230°C / 240°C / 250°C / 260°C / 260°C / 260°C / 260°C / 260°C / 260°C, and the melt temperature was 271°C. The extrudate was quenched directly in water after exiting the extruder nozzle. The extrudate was pelletized under air. Pellets were obtained.

[0156] The pellets were pre-dried and recrystallized in a vacuum oven at 160° C. for 3 hours. The pre-dried and recrystallized pellets were then melt-spun in a melt-spinning machine equipped with a single-screw extruder, with a screw rotation speed of 76 revolutions per minute and temperature zones set at 250° C. / 260° C. / 270° C. / 280° C. / 190° C. The melt temperature was 303° C.

[0157] The head temperature was set at 290°C. The nozzle had 40 holes, each producing a yarn consisting of 40 4.5 denier filaments. The godet roll speeds were 238 m / min, 300 m / min, 950 m / min, and 950 m / min for godet rolls 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Godet rolls 2 and 3 were heated to 100°C, and godet roll 4 was heated to 40°C; the take-up speed of the take-up roll was 1050 m / min. The draw ratio was 1:2:3.

[0158] The PET fibers were then rolled up onto a PMMA plaque, forming a single layer of parallel PET fibers. For long-term accelerated weathering, the rolled PET fibers were then exposed in an Atlas xenon weathering tester using parameters set forth in DIN EN ISO 105B04 and DIN EN ISO 105B06. The DIN EN ISO 105B04 parameters were xenon light, irradiance of 42 W / (m²⋅nm) at 300–400 nm, equivalent to irradiance of 0.36 W / (m²⋅nm) at 340 nm, dry-bulb temperature of 38°C, black standard temperature of 60°C, relative moisture content of 10%, and a cycle of 29 min of irradiance plus 1 min of water spray. The parameters according to DIN EN ISO 105B06 were: xenon light, irradiance at 420 nm of 1.20 W / (m²·nm), dry bulb temperature of 65°C, black standard temperature of 100°C, relative moisture content of 30%, no water spray. The title of each table below indicates which weathering exposure was used. Measurements were taken at various times and are reported in the tables below in hours.

[0159] Measurement method: After conditioning the unexposed and exposed PET fibers for 48 hours at room temperature and 55% relative humidity, tensile strength tests were performed on one strand. The tensile tests were performed at a travel speed of 100 mm / min. The maximum force was recorded and normalized to 100% at time zero. The higher the retention over time, the better.

[0160] The results, outlined in the table below, are shown after 519 hours of exposure, as shown in the right hand column.

[0161] [Table 7]

[0162] The results above showed that the maximum force was significantly higher for the PET fibers stabilized in Examples 11-14.

[0163] [Table 8]

[0164] The results above showed that the maximum force was significantly greater for the PET fibers stabilized in Examples 15 and 16.

[0165] Example using PMMA As a polymer, the melt volume rate is 6cm at 230°C and 3.8kg. 3 / 10 min, and density 1.19 g / cm 3 A PMMA grade with a Vicat softening temperature of 103°C according to the B / 50 method of ISO 306 was used (Plexiglas® 7N).

[0166] A solution consisting of 40 g of methylene chloride, (10*(100-x) / 100) g of PMMA, and x*10 / 100 g of additive was prepared by stirring for 12 hours (a solution was obtained after at least 2 hours). The solution was then cast onto a glass substrate and spread using a doctor blade with a 120 micron opening while passing through a moving system at a speed of 12 m / s. The cast solution was allowed to dry on the glass plate for 20 minutes, then removed and allowed to dry at room temperature and ambient humidity for 24 hours. The resulting solution-cast film was 30 microns thick.

[0167] For long-term accelerated weathering, the films were then exposed in an Atlas xenon weathering tester using parameters set to DIN EN ISO 4892-2 cycle 1 or cycle 5. Exposure parameters according to DIN EN ISO 4892-2 cycle 1 were: xenon light, irradiance of 60 W / m² at 300–400 nm, equivalent to 0.51 W / (m²·nm) at 340 nm, dry-bulb temperature of 40°C, black-standard temperature of 65°C, and relative moisture content of 50%. A cycle of 102 minutes of irradiance plus 18 minutes of irradiance plus water spray was performed. Exposure parameters according to DIN EN ISO 4892-2 cycle 5 were: xenon light, irradiance 50 W / m² at 300–400 nm, equivalent to an irradiance of 0.43 W / (m²·nm) at 340 nm, dry-bulb temperature 38°C, black standard temperature 65°C, relative moisture content 50%. No water spray was applied.

[0168] Measurement method: Measurements were taken at various times and are reported in hours in the tables below. The UV-vis absorbance of unexposed and exposed films was measured using a Perkin Elmer Lambda 20 UV-vis spectrometer. In the first table below, the absorbance spectra were taken at 290 nm, which corresponds to the wavelength at or near the maximum absorbance, and in the tables further below, the absorbance spectra were taken at maxima located between 250 nm and 400 nm. The absorbance percentage loss results are reported in the tables below at various time points, with the absorbance at time zero being 100%. The higher the retention over time, the better.

[0169] Delta E* in CIELAB units is defined in ISO 11664-4 as the square root of the difference between the CIELAB color coordinates L*, a*, and b* at time recovery minus the CIELAB color coordinates L*, a*, and b* at time zero. The lower the Delta E*, the better.

[0170] [Table 9]

[0171] The above results showed that the absorbance was significantly greater for the PMMA film stabilized in Example 17.

[0172] [Table 10]

[0173] The above results showed that the Delta E* color difference was significantly lower for the PMMA stabilized in Examples 18 and 19.

[0174] [Table 11]

[0175] The results above showed that the Delta E* color difference was significantly lower for the PMMA stabilized in Example 20.

[0176] [Table 12]

[0177] The above results showed that the absorbance was significantly greater for the PMMA film stabilized in Example 21.

[0178] Example using PMMA As a polymer, the melt volume rate is 1.4 cm at 230°C and 3.8 kg. 3 / 10 min, and density 1.19 g / cm 3 A PMMA grade with a Vicat softening temperature of 103°C according to the B / 50 method of ISO 306 was used (Plexiglas® 7H).

[0179] PMMA was cryo-ground and vacuum-dried at 80°C for 3 hours. Powder-powder mixing with additives was carried out in a high-speed mixer at 80°C. The dry blend was melt-extruded into pellets in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with a screw diameter of 25 mm and a length-to-diameter ratio of 46. The screw rotation speed was 150 rpm, the zone settings were 190°C / 200°C / 210°C / 220°C / 220°C / 220°C / 220°C, and the melt temperature was 245°C-249°C. The extruder feeder was under a nitrogen blanket (30 ml / min). After the extrudate exited the extruder nozzle, it was directly quenched in water. The extrudate was pelletized under air. Pellets were obtained. The obtained pellets were dried in an air dryer at 80°C for 3 hours. The pre-dried pellets were then injection-molded at 240°C to obtain plaques with dimensions of 2 mm x 44 mm x 68 mm.

[0180] Measurement method: Yellowness index according to ASTM E313, unitless. The lower the Delta E*, the better.

[0181] [Table 13]

[0182] The above results showed that the initial yellowness index was significantly lower for the PMMA plaque stabilized with Example 22 of the present invention.

[0183] Example using polycarbonate As a polymer, it has a density of 1.20 g / cm, making it suitable for injection molding. 3 A polycarbonate grade of 10 ...

[0184] For long-term accelerated weathering, the films were then exposed in an Atlas xenon weathering tester using the parameters specified in DIN EN ISO 4892-2 cycle 1. The exposure parameters according to DIN EN ISO 4892-2 cycle 1 were: xenon light, irradiance of 60 W / m² at 300-400 nm, equivalent to 0.51 W / (m²·nm) at 340 nm, dry-bulb temperature of 40°C, black standard temperature of 65°C, and relative moisture content of 50%. A cycle of 102 minutes of irradiance plus 18 minutes of irradiance and water spray was performed.

[0185] Measurement method: Measurements were taken at various times and are reported in hours in the table below.

[0186] Yellowness index according to ASTM E313, unitless. The lower the yellowness index, the better.

[0187] Delta E* in CIELAB units is defined in ISO 11664-4 as the square root of the difference between the CIELAB color coordinates L*, a*, and b* at time recovery minus the CIELAB color coordinates L*, a*, and b* at time zero. The lower the Delta E*, the better.

[0188] [Table 14]

[0189] The above results showed that the yellowness index was significantly lower for the PMMA stabilized in Examples 23 and 24.

[0190] [Table 15]

[0191] The above results showed that the yellowness index was significantly lower for the PC film stabilized in Example 25.

Claims

1. Equation (I) 【Chemistry 1】 [In the formula, E １ is hydrogen, and C １ to C １８ alkyl, and -OH, C ２ to C １８ alkenyloxy, -C(O)OX １ and -OC(O)X ２ (where X １ and X ２ are each independently C １ to C １８ alkyl) substituted with 1, 2 or 3 radicals selected from the group consisting of C １ to C １８ alkyl, and C interrupted by oxygen ３ to C ５０ alkyl, or C interrupted by oxygen ３ to C ５０ hydroxyalkyl, and E ２ , E ３ , E ４ and E ５ These are, independently of each other, hydrogen and C １ ~C １８ Alkyl, phenyl, or 1, 2, or 3 C １ ~C ４ [It is an alkyl-substituted phenyl compound.] The use of auxiliary stabilizers, Further improvement of the stability of synthetic polymers stabilized with hydroxyphenyltriazine against photo-induced degradation, wherein the hydroxyphenyltriazine is used in a way different from that of the auxiliary stabilizer of formula (1).

2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the auxiliary stabilizer to the hydroxyphenyltriazine is 2:1 to 1:150, preferably 1:5 to 1:80, and particularly 1:25 to 1:

50.

3. In the aforementioned auxiliary stabilizer, E1 is C １ ~C １３ The use according to claim 1, wherein the alkyl group is preferably linear or branched octyl.

4. The use according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary stabilizer is selected from formulas (2), (3), and (4). 【Chemistry 2】

5. The use according to claim 1, wherein the synthetic polymer is polyethylene terephthalate, poly(methyl methacrylate), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, or polycarbonate.

6. The hydroxyphenyltriazine is of formulas (B-I) and (B-II) 【Transformation 3】 [In the formula, G ２ G ３ G ４ and G ５ These are, independently of each other, hydrogen and C １ ~C １８ Alkyl, phenyl, or 1, 2, or 3 C １ ~C ４ It is an alkyl-substituted phenyl: n is either 1 or 2. If n is 1, G １ C １ ~C １８ C interrupted by alkyl or oxygen ２ ~C １８ It is a hydroxyalkyl, and If n is 2, then G １ This is the formula ROCOR' (where R and R' are independent of each other, C １ ~C １８ [It is a crosslinking group for alkylidenes], 【Chemistry 4】 [In the formula, Q １ Q ２ Q ３ , and Q ４ These are, independently of each other, hydrogen and C １ ~C １８ C substituted with alkyl or hydroxy １ ~C １８ Alkyl, C ２ ~C １８ C interrupted by alkyl or oxygen ２ ~C １８ Hydroxyalkyl, -OH, C ２ ~C １８ Alkenyloxy, -C(O)OX １ and -OC(O)X ２ (Here, X １ and X ２ C is independent １ ~C １８ A C substituted with one, two, or three radicals selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups. １ ~C １８ It is alkyl, Furthermore, T １ , T ２ and T ３ These are, independently of each other, hydrogen or C １ ~C １８ It is alkyl. The use according to claim 1, which is at least one compound selected from.

7. In the hydroxyphenyltriazine of formulas (B-I) and (B-II) mentioned above, G ２ G ３ G ４ and G ５ However, hydrogen and C are independent of each other. １ ~C ４ Alkyl or phenyl, Q １ Q ２ Q ３ , and Q ４ However, independently of each other, hydrogen or C １ ~C １０ It is alkyl, and T １ , T ２ and T ３ However, independently of each other, hydrogen or C １ ~C ４ The use according to claim 1, wherein the alkyl group is used.

8. The use according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxyphenyltriazine is at least one compound selected from formulas (BI) to (B6). 【Transformation 5】 【Transformation 6】

9. The use according to claim 1, wherein the further improvement in stability against photo-induced degradation is determined by comparing a) a synthetic polymer stabilized with hydroxyphenyltriazine but without the auxiliary stabilizer, with b) a synthetic polymer stabilized with hydroxyphenyltriazine and the auxiliary stabilizer.

10. The use according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary stabilizer is present in the synthetic polymer in an amount of 0.0005 to 10%, preferably 0.005 to 5%, particularly 0.01 to 2.5%, or 0.05 to 2%, relative to the weight of the synthetic polymer.

11. The use according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxyphenyltriazine may be present in the synthetic polymer in an amount of 0.005 to 10%, preferably 0.005 to 5%, particularly 0.01 to 2.5%, or 0.05 to 2%, relative to the weight of the synthetic polymer.

Images