Polypropylene composition suitable for foam injection molded articles

Abstract

The present invention relates to a polypropylene composition comprising 55.0-97.5 wt. % of a heterophasic propylene copolymer (A), 2.5-25.0 wt. % of a high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B), and 0-20.0 wt. % of a copolymer of ethylene and at least one comonomer selected from α-olefins having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, an injection molded article comprising this polypropylene composition, a foamed article comprising said polypropylene composition, and the use of said polypropylene composition for the production of a foamed article.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a polypropylene composition comprising 55.0-97.5 wt. % of a heterophasic propylene copolymer (A), 2.5-25.0 wt. % of a high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B), and 0-20.0 wt. % of a copolymer of ethylene and at least one comonomer selected from α-olefins having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, an injection molded article comprising this polypropylene composition, a foamed article comprising said polypropylene composition, and the use of said polypropylene composition for the production of a foamed article. [Background technology]

[0002] Plastic materials characterized by low weight while preserving their mechanical property profile are of increasing interest, for example in the automotive and packaging industries. In this regard, foam injection molding techniques can be used to produce low-density parts. One established method for preparing foam injection-molded parts, particularly in the automotive industry, is core-back injection molding. In this process, a polymer composition, such as a polypropylene composition, is melted and injected into a mold along with a blowing agent. The mold filled with the composition is then opened to a predetermined extent, activating the blowing agent and introducing gas bubbles into the injected composition. Typically, the density reduction achieved using core-back foam injection molding techniques is limited to 30%, as higher density reductions lead to deterioration of the foam structure and foam properties. This limited maximum density reduction limits the applicability of this technique in other applications where higher density reductions are required. One example is a multi-use beverage cup for hot and / or cold beverages. A high degree of expansion not only reduces the density of the foamed article but also provides other desirable properties, such as improved thermal insulation. In addition to low density, the final article must exhibit good surface quality and sufficient mechanical performance to be usable in the target application. In many cases, foamed articles do not have sufficient toughness, and the usefulness of the foamed article is limited due to the brittleness of the final article, especially when the density is reduced. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] Thus, there is a need for polypropylene compositions that can be used to make foam injection molded articles that have an improved balance of properties related to reduced density and toughness and stiffness.

[0004] The present invention provides polypropylene compositions that, when foamed in the presence of a blowing agent, provide foamed articles having a surprisingly improved balance of properties: low density, high toughness as determined by high puncture energy, and high stiffness as determined by high flexural modulus and high tensile properties. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The present invention provides a polypropylene composition comprising: (A) 55.0-97.5 wt.-%, preferably 65.0-96.5 wt.-%, more preferably 70.0-95.0 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the composition, of a heterophasic propylene copolymer, which comprises a matrix phase and an elastomer phase dispersed in the matrix phase, and which has a xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction in an amount of 10.0-25.0 wt.-%, preferably 11.5-22.5 wt.-%, more preferably 12.5-20.0 wt.-%, based on the total amount of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A); (B) 2.5 to 25.0 wt. %, preferably 3.5 to 20.0 wt. %, and more preferably 5.0 to 15.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition, of a high melt strength propylene homopolymer having a melt flow rate MFR2 of 0.5 to 5.0 g / 10 min, preferably 1.0 to 3.0 g / 10 min, and more preferably 1.2 to 2.5 g / 10 min, determined in accordance with ISO 1133 at a temperature of 230°C under a load of 2.16 kg; (C) 0 to 20.0 wt. %, preferably 0 to 15.0 wt. %, more preferably 0 to 12.5 wt. % of a copolymer of ethylene and at least one comonomer selected from α-olefins having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, based on the total weight of the composition, and having a viscosity of 860 to 880 kg / m 3 , preferably 862 to 877 kg / m 2 , more preferably 865 to 875 kg / m 3 a copolymer having a density determined in accordance with ISO 1183 of 0.1 to 2.5 g / 10 min, preferably 0.2 to 2.0 g / 10 min, more preferably 0.5 to 1.5 g / 10 min, determined in accordance with ISO 1133 at a temperature of 190°C and a load of 2.16 kg; The present invention relates to a polypropylene composition comprising:

[0006] According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a polypropylene composition having a melt flow rate MFR2 of 10.0 to 55.0 g / 10 min, determined in accordance with ISO 1133 at a temperature of 230°C and a load of 2.16 kg, (A) 55.0-97.5 wt.-%, preferably 65.0-96.5 wt.-%, more preferably 70.0-95.0 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the composition, of a heterophasic propylene copolymer, which comprises a matrix phase and an elastomer phase dispersed in the matrix phase, and which has a xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction in an amount of 10.0-25.0 wt.-%, preferably 11.5-22.5 wt.-%, more preferably 12.5-20.0 wt.-%, based on the total amount of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A); (B) 2.5 to 25.0 wt. %, preferably 3.5 to 20.0 wt. %, and more preferably 5.0 to 15.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition, of a high melt strength propylene homopolymer having a melt flow rate MFR2 of 0.5 to 5.0 g / 10 min, preferably 1.0 to 3.0 g / 10 min, and more preferably 1.2 to 2.5 g / 10 min, determined in accordance with ISO 1133 at a temperature of 230°C under a load of 2.16 kg; (C) 0 to 20.0 wt. %, preferably 0 to 15.0 wt. %, more preferably 0 to 12.5 wt. % of a copolymer of ethylene and at least one comonomer selected from α-olefins having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, based on the total weight of the composition, and having a viscosity of 860 to 880 kg / m 3 , preferably 862 to 877 kg / m 2 , more preferably 865 to 875 kg / m 3 a copolymer having a density determined in accordance with ISO 1183 of 0.1 to 2.5 g / 10 min, preferably 0.2 to 2.0 g / 10 min, more preferably 0.5 to 1.5 g / 10 min, determined in accordance with ISO 1133 at a temperature of 190°C and a load of 2.16 kg; A polypropylene composition is provided, comprising:

[0007] The present invention further relates to an injection-molded article comprising the above or below described polypropylene composition.

[0008] Still further, the present invention relates to a foamed article, preferably a foamed injection molded article, comprising the above or below described polypropylene composition.

[0009] Finally, the present invention relates to the use of a polypropylene composition and a blowing agent as described above or below for the production of a foamed article, preferably a foamed injection-molded article.

[0010] definition Heterophasic polypropylenes are propylene-based copolymers having a crystalline matrix phase and an elastomeric phase dispersed therein, the crystalline matrix phase being a propylene homopolymer or a random copolymer of propylene and at least one α-olefin comonomer. In the case of random heterophasic propylene copolymers, the crystalline matrix phase is a random copolymer of propylene and at least one α-olefin comonomer.

[0011] The elastomeric phase can be a propylene copolymer with the majority of the comonomer not randomly distributed in the polymer chain, but distributed in comonomer-rich and propylene-rich block structures. Heterophasic polypropylenes differ from monophasic propylene copolymers in that they typically exhibit two distinct glass transition temperatures, Tg, due to the matrix phase and the elastomeric phase.

[0012] The expression "propylene homopolymer" relates to polypropylene that consists essentially of propylene units, i.e., at least 99.0% by weight, more preferably at least 99.5% by weight, even more preferably at least 99.8% by weight, for example at least 99.9% by weight. In another embodiment, only propylene units are detectable, i.e., only propylene is polymerized.

[0013] Propylene random copolymers are copolymers of propylene monomer units and comonomer units, in which the comonomer units are randomly distributed along the polymer chain. Propylene random copolymers can contain comonomer units from one or more comonomers with different amounts of carbon atoms. Propylene random copolymers do not contain an elastomeric phase.

[0014] Ethylene copolymers are copolymers of ethylene monomer units and comonomer units, in which the ethylene monomer units constitute the molar majority of the ethylene copolymer, i.e., greater than 50 mole percent of the ethylene copolymer.

[0015] Plastomers combine the properties of elastomers and plastics, ie, polymers that have rubber-like properties with the processability of plastics. An ethylene-based plastomer is a plastomer having a molar majority of ethylene monomer units.

[0016] Percentages are generally given herein as weight percent (wt%) unless otherwise stated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] General Description Polypropylene composition In one aspect, the present invention relates to a polypropylene composition.

[0018] The polypropylene composition comprises, as polymer components, 55.0 to 97.5 wt. %, preferably 65.0 to 96.5 wt. %, more preferably 70.0 to 95.0 wt. % of a heterophasic propylene copolymer (A), 2.5 to 25.0 wt. %, preferably 3.5 to 20.0 wt. %, more preferably 5.0 to 15.0 wt. % of a high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B), and 0 to 20.0 wt. %, preferably 0 to 15.0 wt. %, more preferably 0 to 12.5 wt. % of a copolymer of ethylene and at least one comonomer selected from α-olefins having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, all based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition. The polypropylene composition may contain up to 10% by weight of a further polymer component different from components (A), (B) and (C). However, it is preferred that the polymer component of the polypropylene composition consists of components (A), (B) and optionally (C). The polymer components, preferably components (A), (B) and optionally (C), preferably comprise 80.0 to 100 wt. %, more preferably 85.0 to 99.999 wt. %, even more preferably 97.5 to 99.99 wt. % of the polypropylene composition.

[0019] The polypropylene composition may further contain an inorganic filler in an amount of 0 to 20.0 wt %, preferably 0 to 15.0 wt %, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition. Preferably, the inorganic filler is a mineral filler. It is understood that the inorganic filler is a phyllosilicate, mica or wollastonite. Even more preferably, the inorganic filler is selected from the group consisting of mica, wollastonite, kaolinite, smectite, montmorillonite and talc. The most preferred inorganic fillers are talc and / or wollastonite. However, it is preferred that the polypropylene composition does not contain inorganic fillers.

[0020] Furthermore, the polypropylene composition may contain additives in an amount of 0 to 10.0 wt. %, preferably 0.001 to 5.0 wt. %, and more preferably 0.01 to 3.5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition. Typical additives include acid scavengers, antioxidants, colorants, light stabilizers, plasticizers, slip agents, anti-scuff agents, dispersants, processing aids, lubricants, pigments, and the like. The optional inorganic fillers mentioned above are not considered additives. Such additives are commercially available and are described, for example, in Hans Zweifel's "Plastic Additives Handbook," 6th Edition, 2009 (pp. 1141-1190).

[0021] The polypropylene composition preferably has a viscosity of 890 to 1100 kg / m 3 It has a density of In this regard, the density depends on the presence of inorganic fillers. In the absence of inorganic fillers, the polypropylene composition preferably has a viscosity of 890 to 915 kg / m 3 , more preferably 895 to 910 kg / m 3 It has a density of In the presence of inorganic fillers, the polypropylene composition has a modulus of 1100 kg / m 3 The density can be up to 1000 .mu.m.

[0022] Furthermore, preferably, the polypropylene composition has a melt flow rate MFR2, determined in accordance with ISO 1133 at a temperature of 230°C and a load of 2.16 kg, of 10.0 to 55.0 g / 10 min, preferably 15.0 to 50.0 g / 10 min, more preferably 17.0 to 45.0 g / 10 min.

[0023] The polypropylene composition preferably exhibits a good balance of properties in terms of stiffness and toughness, which can preferably be seen in the following properties:

[0024] The polypropylene composition preferably has a flexural modulus of 1200 to 2000 MPa, more preferably 1300 MPa to 1850 MPa, and even more preferably 1400 MPa to 1750 MPa.

[0025] Furthermore, the polypropylene composition has a maximum impact strength at 23°C of preferably 1750 to 2750N, more preferably 2000 to 2600N, and even more preferably 2100 to 2500N.

[0026] Additionally, the polypropylene composition preferably has a maximum impact energy at 23°C of 10 to 20J, more preferably 12 to 18J, and even more preferably 13 to 17J.

[0027] Furthermore, the polypropylene composition has a puncture energy at 23°C of preferably 15 to 35J, more preferably 18 to 32J, and even more preferably 20 to 30J.

[0028] Furthermore, the polypropylene composition preferably has a tensile modulus of 1200 to 2000 MPa, more preferably 1300 MPa to 1850 MPa, and even more preferably 1400 MPa to 1800 MPa.

[0029] Furthermore, the polypropylene composition has a tensile strain at break of preferably 10 to 75%, more preferably 12 to 70%, and even more preferably 15 to 60%.

[0030] Additionally, the polypropylene composition preferably has a tensile strain at tensile strength of 2.0 to 7.5%, more preferably 2.5 to 7.0%, and even more preferably 3.0 to 6.5%.

[0031] Furthermore, the polypropylene composition preferably has a tensile yield strain of 2.0 to 7.5%, more preferably 2.5 to 7.0%, and even more preferably 3.0 to 6.5%.

[0032] Furthermore, the polypropylene composition preferably has a tensile strength of 15 to 50 MPa, more preferably 20 to 45 MPa, and even more preferably 23 to 40 MPa.

[0033] Furthermore, the polypropylene composition has a tensile stress at break of preferably 10 to 35 MPa, more preferably 13 to 30 MPa, and even more preferably 15 to 25 MPa.

[0034] Furthermore, the polypropylene composition preferably has a tensile yield stress of 15 to 50 MPa, more preferably 20 to 45 MPa, and even more preferably 23 to 40 MPa.

[0035] The polypropylene composition may have a particular branching index determined according to GPC-VISC-MALS analysis. GPC-VISC-MALS analysis may be performed as described herein below in the "Measurement Methods" section of this disclosure. GPC-VISC-MALS analysis may be performed using the polypropylene composition in melt blend form. The branching index determined according to GPC-VISC-MALS analysis may be correlated with the amount of high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) present in the polypropylene composition. Thus, the branching index may also be used to determine the amount of high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B).

[0036] The polypropylene composition may have a branching index, determined according to GPC-VISC-MALS analysis, in the range of 0.01 to 0.45, preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.40, more preferably in the range of 0.02 to 0.38, for example in the range of 0.03 to 0.35 or in the range of 0.04 to 0.32.

[0037] The polypropylene composition is preferably produced by melt-blending components (A), (B), optionally component (C), and further optional components as described above in a compounding device such as an extruder. A suitable extruder is, for example, a twin-screw extruder. Compounding conditions are generally known in the art.

[0038] Heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) The polypropylene composition comprises the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) in an amount of 55.0 to 97.5 wt. %, preferably 65.0 to 96.5 wt. %, more preferably 70.0 to 95.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0039] The heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) comprises a matrix phase and an elastomer phase dispersed in the matrix phase.

[0040] The heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) has a xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction in an amount of 10.0 to 25.0 wt. %, preferably 11.5 to 22.5 wt. %, more preferably 12.5 wt. % to 20.0 wt. %, based on the total amount of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A).

[0041] The xylene cold soluble fraction (XCS) of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) preferably has an intrinsic viscosity (IV(XCS)) in the range of 2.00 to 4.00 dl / g, more preferably in the range of 2.30 to 3.70 dl / g, even more preferably in the range of 2.50 to 3.40 dl / g, and most preferably in the range of 2.70 to 3.30 dl / g.

[0042] The cold xylene soluble fraction (XCS) of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) preferably has an ethylene content (C2(XCS)), measured by infrared spectroscopy during CRYSTEX analysis, in the range of 20.0 to 60.0 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 25.0 to 50.0 wt.%, even more preferably in the range of 30.0 to 45.0 wt.%, and most preferably in the range of 32.5 to 40.0 wt.%.

[0043] The heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) preferably has a crystalline fraction (CF), determined according to CRYSTEX QC method ISO 6427-B, present in an amount in the range of 72.5 to 92.0 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 75.0 to 90.0 wt.%, even more preferably in the range of 77.5 to 88.0 wt.%, and most preferably in the range of 80.0 to 87.5 wt.%, relative to the total weight of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A).

[0044] The crystalline fraction (CF) of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) preferably has an intrinsic viscosity (IV(CF)) in the range of 0.90 to 2.00 dl / g, more preferably in the range of 1.00 to 1.80 dl / g, even more preferably in the range of 1.05 to 1.60 dl / g, and most preferably in the range of 1.10 to 1.50 dl / g.

[0045] The crystalline fraction (CF) of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) preferably has an ethylene content (C2(CF)), measured by infrared spectroscopy during CRYSTEX analysis, in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 1.0 to 4.0 wt.%, even more preferably in the range of 1.3 to 3.0 wt.%, and most preferably in the range of 1.5 to 2.0 wt.%.

[0046] The heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) preferably has a soluble fraction (SF), determined according to CRYSTEX QC method ISO 6427-B, present in an amount in the range of 8.0 to 27.5 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 10.0 to 25.0 wt.%, even more preferably in the range of 12.0 to 22.5 wt.%, and most preferably in the range of 12.5 to 20.0 wt.%, relative to the total weight of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A).

[0047] The soluble fraction (SF) of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) preferably has an intrinsic viscosity (IV(SF)) in the range of 1.80 to 4.00 dl / g, more preferably in the range of 2.00 to 3.50 dl / g, even more preferably in the range of 2.20 to 3.50 dl / g, and most preferably in the range of 2.40 to 3.30 dl / g.

[0048] The soluble fraction (SF) of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) preferably has an ethylene content (C2(SF)), measured by infrared spectroscopy during CRYSTEX analysis, in the range of 20.0 to 60.0 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 22.5 to 50.0 wt.%, even more preferably in the range of 25.0 to 45.0 wt.%, and most preferably in the range of 30.0 to 40.0 wt.%.

[0049] The ratio of the intrinsic viscosity of the soluble fraction to the intrinsic viscosity of the crystalline fraction of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) (IV(SF) / IV(CF)) is preferably in the range of 1.00 to 3.00, more preferably in the range of 1.30 to 2.70, even more preferably in the range of 1.60 to 2.50, and most preferably in the range of 1.80 to 2.40.

[0050] The heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) preferably consists of propylene and ethylene monomer units. The heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) preferably has a measured total ethylene content (C2) in the range of 3.0 to 15.0 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 4.0 to 12.0 wt.%, even more preferably in the range of 5.0 to 10.0 wt.%, and most preferably in the range of 6.0 to 8.5 wt.%.

[0051] The heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) preferably has a melt flow rate MFR2, measured according to ISO 1133-1 at 230°C under a load of 2.16 kg, in the range of 15.0 to 100.0 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 20.0 to 90.0 g / 10 min, even more preferably in the range of 25.0 to 85.0 g / 10 min, and most preferably in the range of 30.0 to 80.0 g / 10 min.

[0052] The heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) can be polymerized by methods well known in the art or can be a commercially available polypropylene grade, it being understood that commercially available grades are likely to contain common additives.

[0053] In one embodiment, the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) consists of a single heterophasic propylene copolymer. In the above embodiment, the single heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) preferably has a melt flow rate MFR2 measured according to ISO 1133-1 at 230°C under a load of 2.16 kg in the range of 15.0 to 55.0 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 20.0 to 50.0 g / 10 min, even more preferably in the range of 25.0 to 47.0 g / 10 min, and most preferably in the range of 30.0 to 45.0 g / 10 min.

[0054] In another embodiment, the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) comprises, preferably consists of, two or more, for example 2 to 5, preferably 2 or 3, most preferably 2 heterophasic propylene copolymers (A-1) and (A-2). The heterophasic propylene copolymers (A-1) and (A-2) differ in their melt flow rate MFR2: in this regard, the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A-1) has a lower melt flow rate MFR2 than the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A-2). The heterophasic propylene copolymer (A-1) preferably has a melt flow rate MFR2, measured according to ISO 1133-1 at 230°C under a load of 2.16 kg, in the range of 15.0 to 55.0 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 20.0 to 50.0 g / 10 min, even more preferably in the range of 25.0 to 47.0 g / 10 min, and most preferably in the range of 30.0 to 45.0 g / 10 min. The heterophasic propylene copolymer (A-2) preferably has a melt flow rate MFR2, measured according to ISO 1133-1 at 230°C under a load of 2.16 kg, of more than 55.0 to 100.0 g / 10 min, for example in the range of 57.0 to 100.0 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 60.0 to 90.0 g / 10 min, even more preferably in the range of 62.5 to 85.0 g / 10 min, and most preferably in the range of 65.0 to 80.0 g / 10 min. The weight ratio of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A-1) to the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A-2) in the polypropylene composition is preferably in the range of 40:60 to 60:40, more preferably 45:55 to 55:45. The heterophasic propylene copolymer (A-1) is preferably present in the polypropylene composition in an amount of 25.0 to 55.0 wt.-%, more preferably 30.0 to 54.0 wt.-%, even more preferably 32.5 to 52.5 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition. The heterophasic propylene copolymer (A-2) is preferably present in the polypropylene composition in an amount of 25.0 to 55.0 wt.-%, more preferably 30.0 to 54.0 wt.-%, even more preferably 32.5 to 52.5 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition.

[0055] High melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) The polypropylene composition comprises the high melt strength propylene homopolymer in an amount of 2.5 to 25.0 wt %, preferably 3.5 to 20.0 wt %, more preferably 5.0 to 15.0 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0056] High melt strength propylene polymers are branched, and therefore differ from linear propylene polymers in that the polypropylene backbone extends into side chains, while unbranched, i.e., linear, propylene polymers do not. Side chains significantly affect the rheology of propylene polymers. Therefore, linear and high melt strength propylene polymers can be clearly distinguished by their flow behavior under stress (e.g., the ratio of polymer melt viscosities measured under different loads). Additionally or alternatively, long chain branching can be determined by analyzing the content of long chain branches by NMR and / or by measuring the long chain branching index g', for example, by using SEC / VISC-LS (size exclusion chromatography / viscometry-light scattering) as known in the art. The branching index g' is a parameter of the degree of branching. The branching index g' correlates with the amount of branching in a polymer. A low g' value is an indicator of a highly branched polymer. That is, the smaller the g' value, the more branched the polypropylene. For example, a g' value of at least 0.96, e.g., at least 0.97 or at least 0.98, typically indicates the absence of long chain branching. On the other hand, a g' value of 0.9 or less (e.g., 0.6-0.9), e.g., 0.8 or less, typically indicates that the polymer contains long chain branching. Further details regarding the branching index g' and how to determine it are provided, for example, in the "Measuring methods" section of EP 3280748 B1, which is incorporated herein by reference. The branching index g' measured using SEC / VISC-LS analysis differs from the branching index measured using GPC-VISC-MALS analysis described herein above and below in connection with the polypropylene compositions according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0057] Branching can usually be achieved by using specific catalysts, i.e., specific single-site catalysts, or by chemical modification. For the preparation of branched propylene polymers obtained by using specific catalysts, see EP 1 892 264. For branched propylene polymers obtained by chemical modification, see EP 0 787 750, EP 0 879 830 A1, and EP 0 890 612 A2. In such cases, the branched propylene polymer is also called a high melt strength propylene polymer. The high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) is preferably obtained by chemical modification of a propylene polymer, as described in more detail below. High melt strength propylene homopolymers are commercially available from Borealis AG under the trade name Daploy™.

[0058] In case the high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) is a high melt strength propylene homopolymer obtained by chemical modification of a linear propylene homopolymer, the definition of propylene homopolymer should be understood to refer to the linear propylene homopolymer used to obtain the high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) by chemical modification with difunctional unsaturated monomer(s) and / or polyfunctional unsaturated low molecular weight polymer(s), for example in reactive extrusion.

[0059] High melt strength propylene homopolymers typically have a relatively low melt flow rate combined with high melt strength and high melt extensibility.

[0060] The high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) preferably has a F of greater than 20.0 cN. 30 Melt strength and v over 200 mm / s 30 It has melt drawability, preferably F of more than 20.0 to 50.0 cN 30 Melt strength and v of over 200 to 300 mm / s 30 Has melt-drawing properties. F 30Melt strength and v 30 Melt drawability is measured according to ISO 16790:2005.

[0061] The high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) preferably has specific properties, such as specific melting characteristics.

[0062] The high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) preferably has a melt strength F in the range of 20.0 to 50.0 cN, preferably 25.0 to 45.0 cN, more preferably 30.0 to 40.0 cN, for example 32.0 to 38.0 cN. 30 (ISO16790:2005).

[0063] The high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) preferably has a melt drawability v in the range of 190 to 320 mm / s, preferably 210 to 300 mm / s, more preferably 230 to 280 mm / s, for example 240 to 280 mm / s. 30 (ISO16790:2005).

[0064] The high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) has a melt flow rate MFR2 (ISO1133, 2.16 kg load, 230°C) in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 g / 10 min, preferably 1.0 to 3.0 g / 10 min, more preferably 1.2 to 2.5 g / 10 min, for example, 1.4 to 2.3 g / 10 min.

[0065] According to one preferred embodiment, the high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) has the following properties: i) A melt strength F in the range of 20.0 to 50.0 cN, preferably 25.0 to 45.0 cN, more preferably 30.0 to 40.0 cN, for example, 32.0 to 38.0 cN 30 (ISO16790:2005), ii) a melt drawability v in the range of 190 to 320 mm / s, preferably 210 to 300 mm / s, more preferably 230 to 280 mm / s, for example, in the range of 240 to 280 mm / s 30 (ISO16790:2005), iii) A melt flow rate MFR2 (ISO1133, 2.16 kg load, 230°C) in the range of 0.5 to 5.0 g / 10 min, preferably 1.0 to 3.0 g / 10 min, more preferably 1.2 to 2.5 g / 10 min, for example, 1.4 to 2.3 g / 10 min. It has two or more, more preferably all, of the above.

[0066] The high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) may have a melting point of at least 130° C., more preferably at least 135° C., and most preferably at least 140° C. The crystallization temperature may be at least 110° C., more preferably at least 120° C.

[0067] The high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) may comprise unsaturated units other than propylene, such as difunctionally unsaturated monomers and / or polyfunctionally unsaturated low molecular weight polymers as defined in detail below. The definition of homopolymer in terms of the high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) therefore actually refers to the unmodified propylene homopolymer, preferably linear polypropylene, used to obtain the high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) by chemical modification as defined in detail below.

[0068] Thus, in one preferred embodiment, the high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) is (i) propylene, and (ii) Difunctional unsaturated monomers and / or polyfunctional unsaturated low molecular weight polymers Includes units derived from

[0069] As used above, "difunctionally unsaturated" or "polyfunctionally unsaturated" preferably refers to the presence of two or more non-aromatic double bonds, as in, for example, divinylbenzene or cyclopentadiene or polybutadiene. Preferably, only such difunctional or polyfunctionally unsaturated compounds are used that can be polymerized with the aid of free radicals (see below). Since the double bonds are each used for covalent bonding to the polymer chain of the unmodified propylene homopolymer, preferably linear propylene homopolymer, the unsaturated sites in the difunctional or polyfunctional unsaturated compounds are in a chemical bond state that is not actually "unsaturated."

[0070] The reaction of the difunctional unsaturated monomer(s) and / or the polyfunctionally unsaturated low molecular weight polymer(s), preferably having a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 10,000 g / mol or less, synthesized from one or more unsaturated monomers, with the unmodified propylene homopolymer, preferably a linear propylene homopolymer, is carried out in the presence of a thermal free radical former, such as a decomposing free radical former, for example a thermally decomposing peroxide.

[0071] The difunctional unsaturated monomer is Divinyl compounds such as divinylaniline, m-divinylbenzene, p-divinylbenzene, divinylpentane and divinylpropane; allyl compounds such as allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, allyl methyl maleate, and allyl vinyl ether; Dienes such as 1,3-butadiene, chloroprene, cyclohexadiene, cyclopentadiene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene, heptadiene, hexadiene, isoprene, and 1,4-pentadiene; Aromatic and / or aliphatic bis(maleimide) bis(citraconimide) and mixtures of these unsaturated monomers may be.

[0072] Particularly preferred difunctional unsaturated monomers are 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, dimethylbutadiene and divinylbenzene.

[0073] Preferably, the number average molecular weight (M) is 10,000 g / mol or less. n ) may be synthesized from one or more unsaturated monomers.

[0074] Examples of such low molecular weight polymers are: Polybutadienes, especially those with different microstructures in the polymer chain, namely 1,4-cis, 1,4-trans and 1,2-(vinyl) predominantly in the 1,2-(vinyl) configuration; Copolymer of butadiene and styrene with 1,2-(vinyl) in the polymer chain is.

[0075] A preferred low molecular weight polymer is polybutadiene, especially polybutadiene having greater than 50.0 weight percent butadiene in the 1,2-(vinyl) configuration.

[0076] The high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) may contain a plurality of difunctional unsaturated monomers and / or polyfunctional unsaturated low molecular weight polymers. Even more preferably, the total amount of the difunctional unsaturated monomers and polyfunctional unsaturated low molecular weight polymers in the high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) is 0.01 to 10.0 wt % based on the total weight of the high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B).

[0077] In a preferred embodiment, the high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) is additive-free, and therefore, if the polypropylene composition contains additives (A), these additives are not introduced into the polypropylene composition during the production of the high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B).

[0078] The high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) even more preferably has a low gel content, typically less than 1.00 wt. %. Preferably, the gel content is less than 0.80 wt. %, more preferably less than 0.50 wt. %.

[0079] A suitable high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) is WB140HMS™ available from Borealis AG.

[0080] Ethylene copolymer (C) The polypropylene composition may further comprise an ethylene copolymer (C) in an amount of 0 to 20.0 wt %, preferably 0 to 15.0 wt %, more preferably 0 to 12.5 wt %, based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment, the polypropylene composition does not include ethylene copolymer (C). In this embodiment, the polymer component of the polypropylene composition includes, preferably consists of, components (A) and (B), and does not include ethylene copolymer (C). In another embodiment, the polypropylene composition comprises an ethylene copolymer (C). In this embodiment, the ethylene copolymer is present in the polypropylene composition in an amount of 2.5 to 20.0 wt%, preferably 5.0 to 15.0 wt%, and more preferably 7.5 to 12.5 wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. In this embodiment, the polymer component of the polypropylene composition comprises, and preferably consists of, components (A), (B), and (C).

[0081] Ethylene copolymer (C) is 860-880 kg / m 3 , preferably 862 to 877 kg / m 2 , more preferably 865 to 875 kg / m 3 It has a density ranging from .

[0082] The ethylene copolymer (C) has a melt flow rate MFR2 of 0.1 to 2.5 g / 10 min, preferably 0.2 to 2.0 g / 10 min, more preferably 0.5 to 1.5 g / 10 min.

[0083] The copolymer of ethylene (C) comprises at least one, preferably one, comonomer selected from α-olefins having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably from 4 to 8 carbon atoms. Preferably, the at least one comonomer, preferably the comonomer, is selected from 1-hexene or 1-octene, most preferably 1-octene.

[0084] It is particularly preferred that the copolymer of ethylene (C) contains 1-octene as the only comonomer.

[0085] The ethylene copolymer (C) preferably has a melting temperature Tm of 40 to 70°C, preferably 45 to 65°C, more preferably 50 to 60°C.

[0086] The copolymer of ethylene (C) is preferably an ethylene-based plastomer.

[0087] The copolymer of ethylene (C) can be polymerized by methods well known in the art, for example in a solution polymerization process, preferably in the presence of a single-site catalyst, or it can be a commercially available polyethylene grade, it being understood that commercially available grades are likely to contain common additives.

[0088] injection molded articles In another aspect, the present invention relates to an injection molded article comprising the above or below described polypropylene composition.

[0089] In this regard, preferably all aspects of the polypropylene composition and its components described above or below are applied to the injection molded article.

[0090] The injection molded article is preferably an automotive article or a packaging article.

[0091] The injection-molded article preferably comprises the polypropylene composition in an amount of 90 to 100 wt %, more preferably 95 to 100 wt %, based on the total weight of the injection-molded article.

[0092] The injection-molded article may include additional components such as additional polymeric components, fillers or additives in an amount of 0 to 10 wt %, more preferably 0 to 5 wt %, based on the total weight of the injection-molded article.

[0093] The injection molded article preferably has a compressive strength of 890 to 1100 kg / m 3 It has a density of In this regard, the density depends on the presence of inorganic fillers in the polypropylene composition. When no inorganic filler is present in the polypropylene composition, the injection molded article preferably has a compressibility of 890 to 915 kg / m 3 , more preferably 895 to 910 kg / m 3 It has a density of In the presence of inorganic fillers in the polypropylene composition, the injection molded article has a compressive strength of 1100 kg / m 3 The density can be up to 1000 .mu.m. The density indicates that the injection molded article is preferably a non-foamed, solid injection molded article.

[0094] The injection molded article preferably exhibits a good balance of properties with respect to stiffness and toughness, which can preferably be seen in the following properties:

[0095] The injection molded article preferably has a flexural modulus of 1200 to 2000 MPa, more preferably 1300 MPa to 1850 MPa, and even more preferably 1400 MPa to 1750 MPa.

[0096] Furthermore, the injection molded article preferably has a maximum impact force at 23°C of 1750 to 2750N, more preferably 2000 to 2600N, and even more preferably 2100 to 2500N.

[0097] Additionally, the injection molded article preferably has a maximum impact energy at 23°C of 10 to 20J, more preferably 12 to 18J, and even more preferably 13 to 17J.

[0098] Furthermore, the injection molded article has a puncture energy at 23°C of 15 to 35J, more preferably 18 to 32J, and even more preferably 20 to 30J.

[0099] Still further, the injection molded article preferably has a tensile modulus of elasticity of 1200 to 2000 MPa, more preferably 1300 MPa to 1850 MPa, and even more preferably 1400 MPa to 1800 MPa.

[0100] Furthermore, the injection molded article preferably has a tensile strain at break of 10 to 75%, more preferably 12 to 70%, and even more preferably 15 to 60%.

[0101] Additionally, the injection molded article preferably has a tensile strain at tensile strength of 2.0 to 7.5%, more preferably 2.5 to 7.0%, and even more preferably 3.0 to 6.5%.

[0102] Furthermore, the injection molded article preferably has a tensile yield strain of 2.0 to 7.5%, more preferably 2.5 to 7.0%, and even more preferably 3.0 to 6.5%.

[0103] Still further, the injection molded article preferably has a tensile strength of 15 to 50 MPa, more preferably 20 to 45 MPa, and even more preferably 23 to 40 MPa.

[0104] Furthermore, the injection molded article preferably has a tensile stress at break of 10 to 35 MPa, more preferably 13 to 30 MPa, and even more preferably 15 to 25 MPa.

[0105] Furthermore, the injection molded article preferably has a tensile yield stress of 15 to 50 MPa, more preferably 20 to 45 MPa, and even more preferably 23 to 40 MPa.

[0106] Foamed products In yet another aspect, the present invention relates to a foamed article comprising the above or below described polypropylene composition.

[0107] In this regard, preferably all aspects of the polypropylene composition and its components described above or below are applicable to the foamed article.

[0108] The foam article is preferably a foam injection molded article, more preferably an automotive article or a packaging article.

[0109] The foam injection molded article is preferably produced by core-back injection molding as described above.

[0110] The foamed article preferably comprises the polypropylene composition in an amount of 90.0 to 99.9 wt %, more preferably 95.0 to 99.5 wt %, based on the total weight of the injection-molded article.

[0111] The foamed article is preferably made by foaming the polypropylene composition in the presence of a blowing agent.

[0112] The term "blowing agent" refers to an agent capable of producing a cell structure in the polypropylene composition during foaming.

[0113] The blowing agent may be a physical blowing agent, typically a gas such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen or other inert gas. However, it is preferred that the blowing agent is a chemical blowing agent.

[0114] In this regard, the polypropylene composition is preferably blended, more preferably melt blended, with a blowing agent, preferably a chemical blowing agent. The melt of the polypropylene composition and blowing agent is preferably formed into the form of an article, preferably by injection molding.

[0115] When formed into an article, the chemical blowing agent is preferably activated. Upon activation, the chemical blowing agent releases a gas, such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide, which forms bubbles within the melt of the article. Upon solidification, the gas bubbles solidify as cells within the article, thereby forming a foamed article. When using core-back injection molding techniques to produce foamed articles, the chemical blowing agent is activated by opening the mold to a predetermined extent, for example, 1 mm to 5 mm, preferably 2 mm to 3 mm.

[0116] The chemical blowing agent is preferably introduced into the polypropylene composition in an amount of 0.1 to 10.0% by weight, more preferably 0.2 to 5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the polypropylene composition and the chemical blowing agent.

[0117] Preferably, the chemical blowing agent is an endothermic chemical blowing agent.

[0118] Preferably, the chemical blowing agent is an organic chemical blowing agent, for example, a polycarboxylic acid such as citric acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, disodium hydrogen citrate, sodium dihydrogen citrate, or a combination thereof.

[0119] The chemical blowing agent may be an inorganic chemical blowing agent, such as a carbonate, for example ammonium carbonate, or a divalent bicarbonate, for example sodium bicarbonate or zinc bicarbonate.

[0120] The chemical blowing agent may be a mixture of organic and inorganic chemical blowing agents, for example a mixture of a polycarboxylic acid and a dihydric bicarbonate, such as sodium bicarbonate or zinc bicarbonate.

[0121] The chemical blowing agent preferably releases carbon dioxide as a gas, which forms bubbles in the melt. Preferably, upon release of the gas, preferably carbon dioxide, the residual reaction products of the chemical blowing agent form solid crystals which can act as nucleating agents for the solidification of the melt.

[0122] The chemical blowing agent is preferably added to the polypropylene composition in the form of a masterbatch in which the active ingredients of the chemical blowing agent are distributed in a polymer matrix, preferably an ethylene-based polymer such as low density polyethylene. The active ingredient of the chemical blowing agent is preferably present in the masterbatch in an amount of 5 to 35 wt %, more preferably 10 to 30 wt %, and even more preferably 15 to 25 wt %, based on the total weight of the masterbatch. When the chemical blowing agent is added as a masterbatch, the amount of polymer matrix is ​​counted towards the amount of chemical blowing agent, not the amount of polypropylene composition.

[0123] The chemical blowing agent is activated at a fairly high temperature, preferably 200-250°C, more preferably 210-230°C.

[0124] Suitable chemical foaming agents are commercially available, such as Panthelene H65C, Panthelene H25C, both available from Eiwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., or Maxithen HP 788810 / 20 TR available from Gabriel-Chemie GmbH.

[0125] The foamed article preferably has an average cell size in the machine direction of 100 to 200 μm, more preferably 120 μm to 175 μm, and even more preferably 130 to 160 μm.

[0126] Furthermore, the foamed article preferably has an average cell size in the transverse direction of 110 to 225 μm, more preferably 135 to 210 μm, and even more preferably 150 to 200 μm.

[0127] The foamed article preferably exhibits an improved balance of low density, high toughness and high stiffness properties, which can preferably be seen in the following properties:

[0128] The foamed article preferably has a compressive strength of 350 to 650 kg / m3 , preferably 375 to 625 kg / m 3 , more preferably 400 to 600 kg / m 3 It has a density of

[0129] The foamed article further preferably has a flexural modulus of 600 to 1200 MPa, preferably 650 to 1100 MPa, more preferably 675 to 1050 MPa.

[0130] Furthermore, the foamed article has a maximum impact strength at 23°C of preferably 400 to 1750N, more preferably 550 to 1600N, and even more preferably 700 to 1500N.

[0131] Additionally, the foamed article preferably has a maximum impact energy at 23°C of 1.8 to 10.0J, preferably 2.0 to 9.0J.

[0132] Furthermore, the foamed article preferably has a puncture energy at 23°C of 2.0 to 10.0J, more preferably 2.3 to 9.0J.

[0133] Furthermore, the foamed article preferably has a tensile modulus of elasticity of 350 to 800 MPa, preferably 375 to 775 MPa, more preferably 400 to 750 MPa.

[0134] Furthermore, the foamed article preferably has a tensile breaking strain of 20 to 100%, more preferably 25 to 85%, and even more preferably 32 to 70%.

[0135] Additionally, the foamed article preferably has a tensile strain at tensile strength of 2.0 to 7.5%, more preferably 2.5 to 7.0%, and even more preferably 3.0 to 6.5%.

[0136] Furthermore, the foamed article preferably has a tensile yield strain of 2.5 to 30.0%, more preferably 5.0 to 25.0%, and even more preferably 7.5 to 20.0%.

[0137] Furthermore, the foamed article preferably has a tensile strength of 5.0 to 20.0 MPa, more preferably 6.5 to 15.0 MPa, and even more preferably 7.0 to 12.5 MPa.

[0138] Furthermore, the foamed article preferably has a tensile breaking stress of 5.0 to 20.0 MPa, more preferably 6.5 to 15.0 MPa, and even more preferably 7.0 to 12.5 MPa.

[0139] Furthermore, the foamed article preferably has a tensile yield stress of 5.0 to 20.0 MPa, more preferably 6.5 to 15.0 MPa, and even more preferably 7.0 to 12.5 MPa.

[0140] The density of the foamed article, ie, the density reduction of the foamed article, is preferably 35 to 65%, more preferably 40 to 55%, of the density (corresponding to 100%) of an unfoamed injection-molded article of the same polypropylene composition.

[0141] Furthermore, the flexural modulus of the foamed article is preferably in the range of 500 to 1500 MPa, more preferably 700 to 1200 MPa, which is lower than the flexural modulus of an unfoamed injection-molded article of the same polypropylene composition.

[0142] Still further, the puncture energy of the foamed article is preferably in the range of 10 to 30 J, more preferably 15 to 25 J, and is lower than the flexural modulus of an unfoamed injection molded article of the same polypropylene composition.

[0143] use In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a polypropylene composition as described above or below and a chemical blowing agent for the production of a foamed article, preferably a foamed injection-molded article.

[0144] In this regard, preferably all aspects of the polypropylene composition, its components and foamed articles described above or below apply to said use.

[0145] Further non-limiting embodiments and aspects of the present invention are defined in the following items [1] to

[15] .

[0146] [1] A polypropylene composition, (A) 55.0-97.5 wt.-%, preferably 65.0-96.5 wt.-%, more preferably 70.0-95.0 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the composition, of a heterophasic propylene copolymer, said heterophasic propylene copolymer comprising a matrix phase and an elastomer phase dispersed in said matrix phase, and having a xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction in an amount of 10.0-25.0 wt.-%, preferably 11.5-22.5 wt.-%, more preferably 12.5 wt.-% to 20.0 wt.-%, based on the total amount of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A); (B) 2.5 to 25.0 wt. %, preferably 3.5 to 20.0 wt. %, and more preferably 5.0 to 15.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition, of a high melt strength propylene homopolymer having a melt flow rate MFR2, determined in accordance with ISO 1133 at 230°C under a load of 2.16 kg, of 0.5 to 5.0 g / 10 min, preferably 1.0 to 3.0 g / 10 min, and more preferably 1.2 to 2.5 g / 10 min; (C) 0 to 20.0 wt. %, preferably 0 to 15.0 wt. %, more preferably 0 to 12.5 wt. % of a copolymer of ethylene and at least one comonomer selected from α-olefins having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, based on the total weight of the composition, and having a viscosity of 860 to 880 kg / m 3 , preferably 862 to 877 kg / m 2 , more preferably 865 to 875 kg / m 3 a copolymer having a density determined in accordance with ISO 1183 of 0.1 to 2.5 g / 10 min, preferably 0.2 to 2.0 g / 10 min, more preferably 0.5 to 1.5 g / 10 min, determined in accordance with ISO 1133 at a temperature of 190°C and a load of 2.16 kg; 1. A polypropylene composition comprising:

[0147] [2] The composition comprises: 890-1100kg / m 3 of the density determined in accordance with ISO 1183, and / or A melt flow rate (MFR2) of 10.0 to 55.0 g / 10 min, preferably 15.0 to 50.0 g / 10 min, more preferably 17.0 to 45.0 g / 10 min, determined in accordance with ISO 1133 at a temperature of 230°C and a load of 2.16 kg. The polypropylene composition according to item [1], having

[0148] [3] The composition has the following characteristics: a tensile modulus, measured according to ISO 527-1, of 1200 to 2000 MPa, more preferably 1300 MPa to 1850 MPa, even more preferably 1400 MPa to 1800 MPa, and / or a tensile strain at break, measured according to ISO 527-1, of 10 to 75%, more preferably 12 to 70%, even more preferably 15 to 60%, and / or a tensile strength, measured according to ISO 527-1, of 15 to 50 MPa, more preferably 20 to 45 MPa, even more preferably 23 to 40 MPa, and / or a tensile breaking stress, measured according to ISO 527-1, of 10 to 35 MPa, more preferably 13 to 30 MPa, even more preferably 15 to 25 MPa, and / or a flexural modulus, measured according to ISO 178, of 1200 to 2000 MPa, more preferably 1300 MPa to 1850 MPa, even more preferably 1400 MPa to 1750 MPa, and / or a puncture energy measured at 23°C according to ISO 6603-2 of 15 to 35 J, more preferably 18 to 32 J, even more preferably 20 to 30 J, and / or a maximum impact force at 23°C measured according to ISO 6603-2 at 23°C of 1750 to 2750 N, more preferably 2000 to 2600 N, even more preferably 2100 to 2500 N, and / or Maximum impact energy at 23°C measured at 23°C according to ISO 6603-2 of 10 to 20 J, more preferably 12 to 18 J, even more preferably 13 to 17 J The polypropylene composition according to item [1] or [2], having one or more or all of:

[0149] [4] The heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) has the following properties: a melt flow rate MFR2 measured in accordance with ISO 1133-1 at 230°C under a load of 2.16 kg in the range of 15.0 to 100.0 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 20.0 to 90.0 g / 10 min, even more preferably in the range of 25.0 to 85.0 g / 10 min, and most preferably in the range of 30.0 to 80.0 g / 10 min, and / or a xylene cold soluble fraction (XCS), determined at 25°C according to ISO 16152, present in an amount in the range of 8.0 to 25.0 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 10.0 to 22.5 wt.%, even more preferably in the range of 11.0 to 21.0 wt.%, and most preferably in the range of 12.5 to 20.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of said heterophasic propylene copolymer (A); and / or an intrinsic viscosity (IV(XCS)) of the cold xylene soluble fraction, determined in decalin according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, in the range of 2.00 to 4.00 dl / g, more preferably in the range of 2.30 to 3.70 dl / g, even more preferably in the range of 2.50 to 3.40 dl / g, and most preferably in the range of 2.70 to 3.30 dl / g, and / or Quantitatively in the range of 20.0 to 60.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 25.0 to 50.0% by weight, even more preferably in the range of 30.0 to 45.0% by weight, most preferably in the range of 32.5 to 40.0% by weight 13 C{ 1 the ethylene content of the cold xylene soluble fraction (C2(XCS)) as determined by H} NMR measurement, and / or Quantitatively in the range of 3.0 to 15.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 4.0 to 12.0% by weight, even more preferably in the range of 5.0 to 10.0% by weight, most preferably in the range of 6.0 to 8.5% by weight13 C{ 1 Total ethylene content (C2) determined by H}NMR measurement The polypropylene composition according to any one of items [1] to [3], having one or more or all of:

[0150] [5] The polypropylene composition according to any one of items [1] to [4], wherein the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) comprises, or preferably consists of, two heterophasic propylene copolymers (A-1) and (A-2), wherein the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A-1) has a lower melt flow rate MFR2 than the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A-2), and the weight ratio of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A-1) to the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A-2) in the polypropylene composition is in the range of 40:60 to 60:40, preferably 45:55 to 55:45.

[0151] [6] The polypropylene composition according to any one of items [1] to [5], wherein the high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) is branched, and the branches are introduced as side chains into the polymer chain of the high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) by polymerization in the presence of a single-site catalyst or by chemical modification.

[0152] [7] The high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) has a melt strength F in the range of 20.0 to 50.0 cN, preferably 25.0 to 45.0 cN, more preferably 30.0 to 40.0 cN, for example, 32.0 to 38.0 cN. 30 (ISO16790:2005), and / or a melt drawability v in the range of 190 to 320 mm / s, preferably 210 to 300 mm / s, more preferably 230 to 280 mm / s, for example 240 to 280 mm / s. 30 The polypropylene composition according to any one of items [1] to [6], having (ISO16790:2005).

[0153] [8] The polypropylene composition according to any one of items [1] to [7], wherein the ethylene copolymer (C) is a copolymer of ethylene and 1-octene comonomer units.

[0154] [9] An injection-molded article comprising the polypropylene composition according to any one of items [1] to [8].

[0155]

[10] The article has the following characteristics: a tensile modulus, measured according to ISO 527-1, of 1200 to 2000 MPa, more preferably 1300 MPa to 1850 MPa, even more preferably 1400 MPa to 1800 MPa, and / or a tensile strain at break, measured according to ISO 527-1, of 10 to 75%, more preferably 12 to 70%, even more preferably 15 to 60%, and / or a tensile strength, measured according to ISO 527-1, of 15 to 50 MPa, more preferably 20 to 45 MPa, even more preferably 23 to 40 MPa, and / or a tensile breaking stress, measured according to ISO 527-1, of 10 to 35 MPa, more preferably 13 to 30 MPa, even more preferably 15 to 25 MPa, and / or a flexural modulus, measured according to ISO 178, of 1200 to 2000 MPa, more preferably 1300 MPa to 1850 MPa, even more preferably 1400 MPa to 1750 MPa, and / or a puncture energy measured at 23°C according to ISO 6603-2 of 15 to 35 J, more preferably 18 to 32 J, even more preferably 20 to 30 J, and / or a maximum impact force at 23°C measured according to ISO 6603-2 at 23°C of 1750 to 2750 N, more preferably 2000 to 2600 N, even more preferably 2100 to 2500 N, and / or Maximum impact energy at 23°C measured at 23°C according to ISO 6603-2 of 10 to 20 J, more preferably 12 to 18 J, even more preferably 13 to 17 J Item [9]. The injection-molded article according to item [9], having one or more or all of:

[0156]

[11] A foamed article, preferably a foamed injection-molded article, comprising the polypropylene composition according to any one of items [1] to [8].

[0157]

[12] The foamed article according to item

[11] , wherein the polypropylene composition is foamed in the presence of a foaming agent, preferably a chemical foaming agent.

[0158]

[13] The article has the following characteristics: 350-650kg / m 3 , preferably 375 to 625 kg / m 3 , more preferably 400 to 600 kg / m 3 of density measured according to ISO 1183, a flexural modulus measured according to ISO 178 of 600 to 1200 MPa, preferably 650 to 1100 MPa, more preferably 675 to 1050 MPa, a tensile modulus measured according to ISO 527 of 350 to 800 MPa, preferably 375 to 775 MPa, more preferably 400 to 750 MPa, a tensile strain at break of 20-100%, more preferably 25-85%, even more preferably 32-70%; a tensile strain at tensile strength measured in accordance with ISO 527 of 2.0 to 7.5%, more preferably 2.5 to 7.0%, even more preferably 3.0 to 6.5%; a tensile yield strain measured in accordance with ISO 527 of 2.5 to 30.0%, more preferably 5.0 to 25.0%, even more preferably 7.5 to 20.0%; a tensile strength, measured according to ISO 527, of 5.0 to 20.0 MPa, more preferably 6.5 to 15.0 MPa, even more preferably 7.0 to 12.5 MPa; a tensile stress at break, measured according to ISO 527, of 5.0 to 20.0 MPa, more preferably 6.5 to 15.0 MPa, even more preferably 7.0 to 12.5 MPa, a tensile yield stress, measured according to ISO 527, of 5.0 to 20.0 MPa, more preferably 6.5 to 15.0 MPa, even more preferably 7.0 to 12.5 MPa; a maximum impact energy measured at 23 °C according to ISO 6603-2 of 1.8 to 10.0 J, preferably 2.0 to 9.0 J, and / or Puncture energy measured at 23°C according to ISO 6603-2 of 2.0 to 10.0 J, preferably 2.3 to 9.0 J Item

[11] or

[12] , the foam article having one or more or all of the following:

[0159]

[14] The foam article according to any one of items

[11] to

[13] , wherein the flexural modulus measured in accordance with ISO 178 is in the range of 500 to 1500 MPa and is lower than the flexural modulus of an unfoamed injection-molded article measured in accordance with ISO 178.

[0160]

[15] Use of the polypropylene composition according to any one of items [1] to [8] and a chemical blowing agent for the production of a foamed article, preferably a foamed injection-molded article.

[0161] The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples. [Example]

[0162] 1.Measurement method Melt Flow Rate The melt flow rate (MFR) is determined according to ISO 1133-1 and is expressed in g / 10 min. MFR is an indicator of the flowability and therefore processability of a polymer. The higher the melt flow rate, the lower the viscosity of the polymer. The MFR2 of polypropylene is measured at a temperature of 230°C and a load of 2.16 kg. The MFR2 of polyethylene is measured at a temperature of 190°C and a load of 2.16 kg.

[0163] Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, melting temperature (T m) and enthalpy of fusion (H m ), crystallization temperature (T c ), and heat of crystallization (H c , H CR The crystallization temperature (T) is measured on a 5-7 mg sample using a TA Instrument Q200 differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC is performed in a heat / cool / heat cycle at a scan rate of 10 °C / min in the temperature range of -30 to +225 °C according to ISO 11357 / Part 3 / Method C2. c ) and heat of crystallization (H c ) is determined from the cooling process, and the melting temperature (T m ) and enthalpy of fusion (H m ) is determined from the second heating step.

[0164] Cold xylene soluble part (XCS) The cold xylene soluble fraction at room temperature (cold xylene soluble fraction) (XCS, wt%) is determined at 25°C according to ISO 16152; 5th edition; 2005-07-01.

[0165] Tensile properties Tensile properties were determined on 1B specimens according to ISO 527-2 (crosshead speed = 1 mm / min; test speed 50 mm / min at 23°C).

[0166] Crystex analysis Crystalline and Soluble Fraction Methods The crystalline fraction (CF) and soluble fraction (SF) of polypropylene (PP) compositions, as well as the comonomer content and intrinsic viscosity of each fraction, were analyzed by CRYSTEX QC, Polymer Char (Valencia, Spain). A schematic diagram of the CRYSTEX QC instrument is shown in Figure 1a. Crystalline and amorphous fractions are separated by temperature cycling: dissolution in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) at 160 °C, crystallization at 40 °C, and redissolution in 1,2,4-TCB at 160 °C, as shown in Figure 1b. Quantification of SF and CF, as well as determination of ethylene content (C2), are achieved by an infrared detector (IR4) and an online two-capillary viscometer used to determine intrinsic viscosity (iV). The IR4 detector detects two distinct bands (CH stretching vibration (approximately 2960 cm)) that can be used to determine the concentration and ethylene content in ethylene-propylene copolymers. -1 (mainly) and CH x Stretching vibration (2700~3000cm -1 )) is a multi-wavelength detector that measures IR absorbance at ethylene content levels of known ethylene content ( 13 A series of eight EP copolymers with different ethylene content (determined by C-NMR) were used to calibrate, each at various concentrations ranging from 2 to 13 mg / ml. To simultaneously consider both characteristics, concentration and ethylene content, for the various polymer concentrations (Conc) expected during Crystex analysis, the following calibration equation was applied: Conc = a + b × Abs(CH) + c × (Abs(CH x )) 2 +d×Abs(CH3)+e×(Abs(CH3) 2 +f×Abs(CH x )×Abs(CH3) (Formula 1) CH3 / 1000C=a+b×Abs(CH x )+c×Abs(CH3)+d×(Abs(CH3) / Abs(CH x ))+e×(Abs(CH3) / Abs(CH x )) 2 (Formula 2)

[0167] The constants a to e in Equation 1 and the constants a to f in Equation 2 were determined using least squares regression analysis. CH3 / 1000C is converted to ethylene content (wt%) using the following relationship: Wt% (ethylene in EP copolymer) = 100-CH3 / 1000TC x 0.3 (Formula 3)

[0168] The amounts of soluble fraction (SF) and crystalline fraction (CF) are correlated by XS calibration with the "cold xylene soluble" (XCS) and "cold xylene insoluble" (XCI) fractions, respectively, determined according to standard gravimetric methods according to ISO 16152. XS calibration is achieved by testing various EP copolymers with XS contents ranging from 2 to 31 wt%. The determined XS calibration is linear. Weight%XS=1.01×Weight%SF (Formula 4) The intrinsic viscosities (IV) of the parent EP copolymer and its soluble and crystalline fractions are determined using an online two-capillary viscometer and correlated with the corresponding IV determined by standard methods in decalin according to ISO 1628-3. Calibration is achieved using various EPPP copolymers with IV = 2-4 dL / g. The determined calibration curve is linear. IV(dL / g)=a×Vsp / c (Formula 5)

[0169] A sample of the PP composition to be analyzed is weighed out at a concentration of 10 mg / ml to 20 mg / ml. After automatic filling of the vial with 1,2,4-TCB containing 250 mg / l 2,6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) as an antioxidant, the sample is dissolved at 160 °C with constant stirring at 400 rpm until complete dissolution is achieved, typically for 60 minutes. To avoid sample degradation, the polymer solution is covered with a N2 atmosphere during dissolution. As shown in Figures 1a and 1b, a defined volume of sample solution is injected into a column packed with an inert carrier, where the sample crystallizes and the soluble fraction is separated from the crystalline portion. This process is repeated twice. During the first injection, the entire sample is measured at high temperature to determine the IV [dl / g] and C2 [wt%] of the PP composition. During the second injection, the soluble fraction (at low temperature) and the crystalline fraction (at high temperature) are measured in the crystallization cycle (wt% SF, wt% C2, IV).

[0170] C2 content for calibration standards 13 Determination based on C NMR spectroscopy quantitative 13 C{ 1 The {H} NMR spectrum 1 H and 13 All spectra were recorded in the solution state using a Bruker Avance III 400 NMR spectrometer operating at 400.15 and 100.62 MHz for C, respectively. 13 All air pressures were recorded using nitrogen gas, using a 10 mm extended temperature probe head optimized for 1000 Hz. Approximately 200 mg of material was dissolved in 3 ml of 1,2-tetrachloroethane-d2 (TCE-d2) with chromium(III) acetylacetonate (Cr(acac)3), providing a 65 mM solution of the relaxation agent in the solvent (Singh, G., Kothari, A., Gupta, V., Polymer Testing 28 5 (2009), 475). To ensure a homogeneous solution, after initial sample preparation in a heat block, the NMR tube was further heated in a rotary oven for at least 1 h. After insertion into the magnet, the tube was spun at 10 Hz. This setup was chosen primarily due to the high resolution and quantitative nature required for accurate ethylene content determination. Standard single-pulse excitation without NOE was employed using an optimized tip angle, a 1 s recycle delay, and a bilevel WALTZ16 decoupling scheme (Zhou, Z., Kuemmerle, R., Qiu, X., Redwine, D., Cong, R., Taha, A., Baugh, D., Winniford, B., J. Mag. Reson. 187 (2007) 225; Busico, V., Carbonniere, P., Cipullo, R., Pellecchia, R., Severn, J., Talarico, G., Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2007, 28, 1128). A total of 6144 (6k) transients were acquired per spectrum. Quantitative 13 C{ 1The {H} NMR spectra were processed and integrated, and relevant quantitative properties were determined from the integrals. All chemical shifts were indirectly referenced to the central methylene group of the ethylene block (EEE) at 30.00 ppm using the chemical shift of the solvent. This approach allowed for comparable referencing even in the absence of this structural unit. Characteristic signals corresponding to ethylene incorporation were observed (Cheng, HN, Macromolecules 17 (1984), 1950), and the comonomer fraction was calculated as the fraction of ethylene in the polymer relative to all monomers in the polymer: fE = (E / (P + E). The comonomer fraction is given by 13 C{ 1 Quantification was performed using the method of Wang et al. (Wang, WJ., Zhu, S., Macromolecules 33 (2000), 1157) by integrating multiple signals over the entire spectral range of the {H} spectrum. This method was chosen for its robustness and ability to account for the presence of positional defects, if necessary. The integration region was slightly adjusted to increase applicability across the entire range of comonomer contents encountered. For systems with very low ethylene content, where only isolated ethylene fragments in the PPEPP sequence are observed, the method of Wang et al. was modified to reduce the impact of integrating sites that are no longer present. This approach reduces the overestimation of ethylene content for such systems, which was achieved by reducing the number of sites used to determine the absolute ethylene content to E = 0.5(Sββ + Sβγ + Sβδ + 0.5(Sαβ + Sαγ)). Using this set of sites, the corresponding integral equation is given by E = 0.5(I H +I G +0.5(I C +I D)). The equation used for absolute propylene content was not modified. Comonomer incorporation in mole percent was calculated from the mole fraction: E [mol %] = 100 × fE. Comonomer incorporation in weight percent was calculated from the mole fraction: E [wt %] = 100 × (fE × 28.06) / ((fE × 28.06) + ((1 − fE) × 42.08)).

[0171] quantitative 13 C{ 1 Determination of comonomer content in poly(propylene-co-ethylene) copolymers by H}NMR measurements quantitative 13 C{ 1 The {H} NMR spectrum 1 H and 13 All spectra were recorded in the solution state using a Bruker Avance NEO 400 NMR spectrometer operating at 400.15 and 100.62 MHz for C, respectively. 13 A 10 mm extended temperature probe head optimized for C was used, and all air pressures were recorded using nitrogen gas. Approximately 200 mg of material was dissolved in 3 ml of 1,2-tetrachloroethane-d2 (TCE-d2) with chromium(III) acetylacetonate (Cr(acac)3){8} and approximately 3 mg of BHT (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, CAS 128-37-0), providing a 60 mM solution of the relaxation agent in the solvent. To ensure a homogeneous solution, after initial sample preparation in a heat block, the NMR tube was further heated in a rotary oven for at least 1 h. After insertion into the magnet, the tube was spun at 10 Hz. This setup was chosen primarily for the high resolution and quantitative nature required for accurate ethylene content quantification. Standard single-pulse excitation without NOE was employed, using an optimized tip angle, a 1 s repetition time, and a bilevel WALTZ16 decoupling scheme{3, 4}. A total of 6144 (6k) transients were acquired per spectrum. 13 C{ 1The {H} NMR spectra were processed and integrated using a proprietary computer program, and relevant quantitative properties were determined from the integrals. All chemical shifts were indirectly referenced to the central methylene group of the ethylene block (EEE) at 30.00 ppm using the chemical shift of the solvent. This approach allowed for comparable referencing even in the absence of this structural unit. Characteristic signals corresponding to the incorporation of ethylene were observed. {7} The comonomer fraction is 13 C{ 1 Quantification was performed using the method of Wang et al. {6} by integration of multiple signals over the entire spectral range of the {H} spectrum. This method was chosen for its robustness and ability to take into account the presence of positional defects, if necessary. The integration range was slightly adjusted to increase applicability over the full range of comonomer contents encountered. For systems where only isolated ethylene in the PPEPP sequence is observed, the method of Wang et al. was modified to reduce the effect of non-zero integrals of sites known to be absent. This approach reduces the overestimation of ethylene content for such systems, which reduces the number of sites used to determine absolute ethylene content. E=0.5(Sββ+Sβγ+Sβδ+0.5(Sαβ+Sαγ)) This was achieved by reducing it to Using this set of sites, the corresponding integral equation can be written, using the same notation as used in Wang et al.'s paper {6}: E=0.5(I H +I G +0.5(I C +I D )) The equation used for absolute propylene content was not modified. The mole percent comonomer incorporation was calculated from the mole fraction. E [mol%] = 100 × fE Comonomer incorporation in weight percent was calculated from the mole fraction. E[weight%]=100×(fE×28.06) / ((fE×28.06)+((1-fE)×42.08)) Bibliographic references: 1) Busico, V., Cipullo, R., Prog. Polym. Sci. 26 (2001) 443. 2) Busico, V., Cipullo, R., Monaco, G., Vacatello, M., Segre, A. L., Macromolecules 30 (1997) 6251. 3) Zhou, Z., Kuemmerle, R., Qiu, X., Redwine, D., Cong, R., Taha, A., Baugh, D., Winniford, B., J. Mag. Reson. 187 (2007) 225. 4) Busico, V., Carbonniere, P., Cipullo, R., Pellecchia, R., Severn, J., Talarico, G., Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2007, 28, 1128. 5) Resconi, L., Cavallo, L., Fait, A., Piemontesi, F., Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 1253. 6) Wang, W-J., Zhu, S., Macromolecules 33 (2000), 1157. 7) Cheng, H. N., Macromolecules 17 (1984), 1950. 8) Singh, G., Kothari, A., Gupta, V., Polymer Testing 28 5 (2009), 475. 9) Kakugo, M., Naito, Y., Mizunuma, K., Miyatake, T. Macromolecules 15 (1982) 1,150. 10) Randall, J. Macromol. Sci., Rev. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1989, C29, 201. 11) Resconi, L., Cavallo, L., Fait, A., Piemontesi, F., Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 1253.

[0172] intrinsic viscosity The intrinsic viscosity (iV) is measured in decalin at 135° C. according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, October 1999.

[0173] F 30 Melt strength and v 30 Melt stretchability The tests described herein are in accordance with ISO16790:2005. The strain hardening behavior is determined by the method described in the article "Rheotens - Mastercurves and Drawability of Polymer Melts," M. H. Wagner, Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol. 36, pp. 925-935, the contents of which are incorporated by reference. The strain hardening behavior of polymers is analyzed by a Rheotens apparatus (product of Goettfert, Siemensstr. 2, 74711 Buchen, Germany), in which a strand of melt is elongated by being pulled down at a defined acceleration. Rheotens experiments simulate industrial spinning and extrusion processes. In principle, a melt is squeezed or extruded through a circular die, and the resulting strand is drawn. The stress on the extrudate is recorded as a function of melt properties and measured parameters, particularly the ratio of the power output to the drawing rate, which in practice is a measure of elongation. For the results presented below, materials were extruded using a HAAKE Polylab system laboratory extruder and a gear pump equipped with a cylindrical die (L / D = 6.0 / 2.0 mm). The gear pump was pre-adjusted to achieve a strand extrusion rate of 5 mm / s, and the melt temperature was set to 200 °C. The spin line length between the die and the Rheotens wheel was 80 mm. At the start of the experiment, the winding speed of the Rheotens wheel was adjusted to the speed of the extruded polymer strand (zero tensile force). The experiment was then initiated by slowly increasing the winding speed of the Rheotens wheel until the polymer filament broke. The wheel acceleration was kept small enough so that the tensile force was measured in a quasi-steady state. The acceleration of the pulled-down melt strand is 120 mm / s 2 The Rheotens was operated in conjunction with the PC program "EXTENS", a real-time data acquisition program that displays and stores the measured data of the pull force and drawdown rate. The end points of the Rheotens curve (force vs. pulley rotation rate) were measured as F 30 The melt strength and stretchability values ​​are taken as values.

[0174] density Density is measured according to ISO 1183-187. Sample preparation is by compression molding according to ISO 1872-2:2007.

[0175] Foam Density This is measured using a Swiss semi-micro precision analytical balance, specific gravity balance (XS225A) manufactured by PRECISA Gravimetrics AG, Switzerland. Test method: The density of the sample is automatically calculated by applying Archimedes' law.

[0176] Foam cell size diameter The cell size diameter of the foam was measured using an optical microscope, a Tawain CBS Stereoscopic microscope. The test methods used are as follows: 1. Cut strips of foam material along the cross direction (CD) and machine direction (MD). 2. Hold the foam in a flat clamp and use a razor blade to cut a thin slice. 3. Focus the microscope at 100x magnification and adjust the illumination on the foam material. 4. Take measurements of the length and width of each unique cell in the CD and MD orientations and record the values. 5. Count the number of unique cells measured and record the value. 6. Perform cell wall thickness measurements along 3-4 tangents to the entire length of each unique cell in the CD and MD orientations and record the values. 7. Take three overall strip thickness measurements starting from the bottom of the first measurement cell group, moving to the middle of the cell group, and then to the top of the cell group. 8. Take a total length measurement starting from the lowest full cell to the highest full cell. 9. Move the microscope field so that the bottom of the topmost incomplete cell touches the bottom of the screen. 10. Repeat steps 4 through 9 for each new unique cell until approximately 0.200 inches (approximately 0.51 cm) to 0.800 inches (approximately 2.0 cm) of the strip has been measured. Ensure that the overall lengths and cell compositions do not overlap. Each overall length measurement after the first is taken from the top of the previous highest full cell to the top of the current highest full cell.

[0177] Flexural modulus Flexural modulus is measured on 80 x 10 x 4 mm injection molded at 23°C according to EN ISO 1873-2 3 The test bars were determined by three-point bending in accordance with ISO 178.

[0178] Puncture energy and maximum impact energy Puncture energy and maximum impact energy were measured on 60 x 60 x 3 mm plaques machined from injection-molded plaques. 3 The impact strength was determined using an instrumented drop weight test in accordance with ISO 6603-2 for plaques with dimensions of 1.0 mm. Tests were conducted at either 23°C or -20°C (as indicated) using a 20 mm diameter lubricated tip and an impact speed of 4.4 mm / s. Six specimens were tested for each sample, and the six resulting force-deflection curves were used to calculate the average values ​​of the maximum impact force energy and puncture energy. In addition, the impact failure type was evaluated. ISO 6603-2 defines the following impact failure types, and the numbers in parentheses were assigned to calculate the impact failure numerical value (the average value derived from the six tested samples): YD Yielding due to deep drawing (zero slope at maximum impact force) (1) YS: Yielding caused by a stable crack (at least partially) (zero slope at maximum impact force) (2) YU: Yielding due to unstable crack (zero slope at maximum impact force) (3) NY Non-Yield Behavior (4)

[0179] GPC-VISC-MALS analysis (branching index) GPC measurement A PolymerChar (Valencia, Spain) gel permeation chromatograph (GPC) equipped with an infrared detector (IR5), an online four-capillary bridge viscometer, and a Wyatt Technology (Santa Barabara, USA) multi-angle light scattering (MALS) detector (Dawn Helios 2) with 18 angles ranging from approximately 22.5° to 147.0° was used. Three Agilent Olexis and one Olexis Guard columns were used as the stationary phase, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB, stabilized with 250 mg / L 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) was used as the mobile phase at 160 °C with a constant flow rate of 1 mL / min. Polymer samples were dissolved in TCB at a concentration of 1 mg / mL for 150 min at 160 °C. 200 μl of polymer solution was injected per analysis. The injected concentration of the polymer solution at 160 °C (c 160℃ ) was calculated in the following way.

[0180] GPC-VISC-MALS The IV detector was calibrated to NIST 1475a using a nominal IV of 1.01 dl / g. The inter-detector volume between the different detectors, concentration (IR), LS and viscometer, was achieved by analyzing a narrow distribution PS standard with a molar mass of 30,000 g / mol.

[0181] For the determination of MWD using the GPC-VISC-MALS technique, a narrow-distribution PS standard with a molar mass of 30,000 g / mol was used to obtain normalization of the different MALS angles. The MALS detector was calibrated with the certified PE standard NIST 1475a with a Mw of 54,000 g / mol, using a dn / dc of 0.094 ml / mg at a laser wavelength (λ) of 660 nm. For the calculation of molecular weight, a laser wavelength (λ) of 660 nm and a dn / dc of 0.094 ml / mg for PP in TCB solution were used. Due to higher baseline noise and frequent disturbances, the MALS signals of the three smallest angles were not used in all calculations. Due to the low sample concentrations used, the second virial coefficient (A2 = 0) was ignored. The absolute Mw and corresponding radius of gyration (R) for each chromatographic slice were calculated. g ) was obtained from the slope and intercept of the Debye plot (Reference: Wyatt, PJ (1993) Analy. Chim. Acta. Light Scattering and the Absolute Characterisation of Macromolecules. 272, 1-40). The Zimm formalism was used to extrapolate the corresponding Rayleigh ratios (R(θ)) for different angles.

[0182] The average molecular weights (Mz(LS), Mw(LS) and Mn(LS)), molecular weight distribution (MWD) and its broadness (described by polydispersity, PD(LS) = Mw(LS) / Mn(LS), where Mn(LS) is the number average molecular weight and Mw(LS) is the weight average molecular weight obtained from GPC-LS) were calculated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using the following formula:

number

[0183] The corresponding bulk IV (bulk) and bulk M w The (bulk) value is calculated as follows:

number

[0184] Conventional GPC The column set was calibrated using universal calibration with 19 polystyrene (PS) standards with narrow molecular weight distributions (MWD) ranging from 0.5 kg / mol to 11,500 kg / mol. The PS standards were dissolved at 160 °C for 30 min. Conversion of the polystyrene peak molecular weights to the corresponding polyolefin molecular weights was achieved by using the Mark Houwink equation and the corresponding Mark Houwink constants. K PS =19×10 -3 mL / g, α PS =0.655 K PP =19×10 -3 mL / g, α PP =0.725 K PE =39×10 -3 mL / g, α PP =0.725

[0185] Calibration data was fitted using a third order polynomial fit.

[0186] The average molecular weights (Mz, Mw and Mn), molecular weight distribution (MWD) and its broadness (described by the polydispersity index, PDI=Mw / Mn, where Mn is the number average molecular weight and Mw is the weight average molecular weight) were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using the following formula:

number

[0187] Fixed elution volume interval ΔV i About A i and M i is the elution volume V i and the associated chromatographic peak slice area and polyolefin molecular weight (MW), respectively.

[0188] Branching index (gpcBR index): The gpcBR index is calculated using the following formula:

number

[0189] All GPC calculations were performed using PolymerChar's GPCone software.

[0190] 2. Experiment a) Polymerization of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) The heterophasic propylene copolymer A used in the present invention was polymerized using techniques well known in the art and using the polymerization conditions shown in Table 1. The catalyst used in HECO A was an emulsion-type Ziegler-Natta catalyst, the same as the catalyst used in the polymerization of the invention examples in WO 2017 / 148970 A1. The cocatalyst was TEAL and the external donor was dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane (donor D). After polymerization under the conditions shown in Table 1, standard polypropylene additives were added to the reactor-made polymer as shown at the bottom of Table 1. The properties of the additive-added HECO A are also shown in Table 1.

[0191] [Table 1(1)] [Table 1(2)] Talc median particle size (particle size) d50 is 2.4 μm, cut-off particle size d95 is 7.7 μm, specific surface area is 21 m 2 / g HM2 made by IMI-Fabi (Italy). GlySt Glycerol stearate, CAS number 31556-31-1, which is commercially available from Danisco (DuPont Group). Irganox B 215 Commercially available from BASF SE, a 2:1 blend of Irgafox 168 and Irganox 1010 that acts as a process stabilizer and long-term heat stabilizer. CaSt Calcium stearate, CAS number 1592-23-0, which is commercially available from Faci.

[0192] b) Blend composition and non-foamed platelets Non-foaming inventive compositions and comparative compositions IC1, IC2 and CC3 were prepared according to the recipes shown in Table 2. In this regard, in a first step, the components were melt blended in a co-rotating twin screw extruder in the amounts shown in Table 1. The polymer melt mixture was discharged and pelletized. In the second step, the pelletized polymer melt mixture was subjected to injection molding performed on an Engel E380 machine to produce injection molded plaques having the thicknesses listed in Table 2 below.

[0193] PPH B is a commercially available high melt strength propylene homopolymer Daploy™ WB140HMS available from Borealis AG.

[0194] PE C is a 1g / 10min melt flow rate MFR2, 870kg / m3 polymer available from Borealis AG. 3 The polymer is a commercially available ethylene-octene plastomer, Queo 7001LA, with a density of 1000 MPa and a melting temperature of 56°C.

[0195] The final composition and properties of the unexpanded platelets are shown in Table 2.

[0196] [Table 2]

[0197] c) Branching index of melt-blended polypropylene composition The inventive melt-blended polypropylene compositions B, C, and D and the reference melt-blended polypropylene compositions A, E, and F were prepared according to the recipes shown in Table 3. The branching index was determined according to the GPC-VISC-MALS analysis described herein above.

[0198] [Table 3]

[0199] d) Foam compositions and foam slabs Injection molding foaming was carried out in an Engel E380 machine by introducing pelletized polymer melt mixtures having the compositions listed in Table 2 above for non-foam compositions IC1, IC2, and CC3 along with the amounts of chemical blowing agents CFA1, CFA2, or CFA3 listed in Table 3 below. Using a core-back technique, the material was foamed from a starting thickness of 2 mm to the final thickness listed in Table 3.

[0200] CFA1: Chemical foaming agent Panthelene H65C, commercially available from Eiwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. CFA2: Chemical foaming agent Panthelene H25C, commercially available from Eiwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. CFA3 Chemical foaming agent Maxithen HP 788810 / 20 TR, commercially available from Gabriel-Chemie GmbH.

[0201] The properties of the foam plaques are shown in Table 4.

[0202] The properties in Table 4 below show that depending on the chemical blowing agent, the puncture energy can be increased at the same flexural modulus (CFA3) or the flexural modulus can be increased at the same puncture energy (CFA1 and CFA2). In this regard, the introduction of ethylene copolymer PE3 increases the puncture energy. Furthermore, introduction of CFA3 results in a higher density drop.

[0203] [Table 4] nm Not measured

Claims

1. Melt flow rate MFR determined according to ISO 1133 at a temperature of 230°C and a load of 2.16 kg from 10.0 to 55.0 g / 10 min ２ 1. A polypropylene composition having The polypropylene composition comprises (A) 55.0 to 97.5 wt. %, preferably 65.0 to 96.5 wt. %, more preferably 70.0 to 95.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition, of a heterophasic propylene copolymer, said heterophasic propylene copolymer comprising a matrix phase and an elastomer phase dispersed in said matrix phase, and having a xylene cold soluble (XCS) fraction in an amount of 10.0 to 25.0 wt. %, preferably 11.5 to 22.5 wt. %, more preferably 12.5 wt. % to 20.0 wt. %, based on the total amount of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A); (B) 2.5 to 25.0 wt. %, preferably 3.5 to 20.0 wt. %, more preferably 5.0 to 15.0 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition, of a high melt strength propylene homopolymer having a melt flow rate (MFR) of 0.5 to 5.0 g / 10 min, preferably 1.0 to 3.0 g / 10 min, more preferably 1.2 to 2.5 g / 10 min, determined in accordance with ISO 1133 at 230° C. and a load of 2.16 kg. ２ a high melt strength propylene homopolymer having (C) 0 to 20.0 wt. %, preferably 0 to 15.0 wt. %, more preferably 0 to 12.5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition, of a copolymer of ethylene and at least one comonomer selected from α-olefins having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, having a viscosity of 860 to 880 kg / m ３ , preferably 862 to 877 kg / m ２ , more preferably 865 to 875 kg / m ３ a density determined in accordance with ISO 1183 of 0.1 to 2.5 g / 10 min, preferably 0.2 to 2.0 g / 10 min, more preferably 0.5 to 1.5 g / 10 min, determined in accordance with ISO 1133 at a temperature of 190° C. and a load of 2.16 kg ２ and a copolymer having 1. A polypropylene composition comprising:

2. The composition comprises: 890~1100kg / m ３ of the density determined in accordance with ISO 1183, and / or Melt flow rate MFR determined according to ISO 1133 at a temperature of 230°C and a load of 2.16 kg of 15.0 to 50.0 g / 10 min, preferably 17.0 to 45.0 g / 10 min ２ 2. The polypropylene composition of claim 1, having

3. The composition has the following characteristics: a tensile modulus, measured according to ISO 527-1, of from 1200 to 2000 MPa, more preferably from 1300 MPa to 1850 MPa, even more preferably from 1400 MPa to 1800 MPa, and / or a tensile strain at break, measured according to ISO 527-1, of 10 to 75%, more preferably 12 to 70%, even more preferably 15 to 60%, and / or a tensile strength, measured according to ISO 527-1, of 15 to 50 MPa, more preferably 20 to 45 MPa, even more preferably 23 to 40 MPa, and / or a tensile stress at break, measured according to ISO 527-1, of 10 to 35 MPa, more preferably 13 to 30 MPa, even more preferably 15 to 25 MPa, and / or a flexural modulus, measured according to ISO 178, of 1200 to 2000 MPa, more preferably 1300 MPa to 1850 MPa, even more preferably 1400 MPa to 1750 MPa, and / or a puncture energy measured according to ISO 6603-2 at 23°C of 15 to 35 J, more preferably 18 to 32 J, even more preferably 20 to 30 J, and / or and / or a maximum impact force at 23°C measured according to ISO 6603-2 at 23°C of 1750 to 2750 N, more preferably 2000 to 2600 N, even more preferably 2100 to 2500 N; and / or A maximum impact energy at 23°C measured at 23°C according to ISO 6603-2 of 10 to 20 J, more preferably 12 to 18 J, even more preferably 13 to 17 J.

3. The polypropylene composition of claim 1 or claim 2, having one or more or all of:

4. Said heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) has the following properties: A melt flow rate (MFR) measured according to ISO 1133-1 at 230°C under a load of 2.16 kg in the range of 15.0 to 100.0 g / 10 min, more preferably in the range of 20.0 to 90.0 g / 10 min, even more preferably in the range of 25.0 to 85.0 g / 10 min, and most preferably in the range of 30.0 to 80.0 g / 10 min. ２ and / or a xylene cold soluble fraction (XCS), determined at 25°C according to ISO 16152, present in an amount in the range of 8.0 to 25.0 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 10.0 to 22.5 wt.%, even more preferably in the range of 11.0 to 21.0 wt.%, and most preferably in the range of 12.5 to 20.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of said heterophasic propylene copolymer (A); and / or an intrinsic viscosity (IV(XCS)) of the cold xylene soluble fraction, determined in decalin according to DIN ISO 1628 / 1, in the range of 2.00 to 4.00 dl / g, more preferably in the range of 2.30 to 3.70 dl / g, even more preferably in the range of 2.50 to 3.40 dl / g, and most preferably in the range of 2.70 to 3.30 dl / g; and / or Quantitatively in the range of 20.0 to 60.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 25.0 to 50.0% by weight, even more preferably in the range of 30.0 to 45.0% by weight, and most preferably in the range of 32.5 to 40.0% by weight. １３ C{ １ the ethylene content of the cold xylene soluble fraction (C2(XCS)) as determined by {H} NMR measurement, and / or Quantitatively in the range of 3.0 to 15.0% by weight, more preferably in the range of 4.0 to 12.0% by weight, even more preferably in the range of 5.0 to 10.0% by weight, and most preferably in the range of 6.0 to 8.5% by weight. １３ C{ １ Total ethylene content (C2) measured by H} NMR measurement 4. The polypropylene composition according to claim 1, wherein the polypropylene composition has one or more or all of the following:

5. The heterophasic propylene copolymer (A) comprises, and preferably consists of, two heterophasic propylene copolymers (A-1) and (A-2), wherein the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A-1) has a lower melt flow rate MFR than the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A-2). ２ and the weight ratio of the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A-1) to the heterophasic propylene copolymer (A-2) in the polypropylene composition is in the range of 40:60 to 60:40, preferably 45:55 to 55:

45.

6. 6. The polypropylene composition according to claim 1, wherein the high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) is branched, and the branches are introduced as side chains into the polymer chain of the high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) by polymerization in the presence of a single-site catalyst or by chemical modification.

7. The high melt strength propylene homopolymer (B) has a melt strength F in the range of 20.0 to 50.0 cN, preferably 25.0 to 45.0 cN, more preferably 30.0 to 40.0 cN, for example 32.0 to 38.0 cN. ３０ (ISO 16790:2005), and / or a melt drawability v in the range of 190 to 320 mm / s, preferably 210 to 300 mm / s, more preferably 230 to 280 mm / s, for example in the range of 240 to 280 mm / s. ３０ The polypropylene composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, having a viscosity of 1000 MPa or less (ISO 16790:2005).

8. The polypropylene composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the ethylene copolymer (C) is a copolymer of ethylene and 1-octene comonomer units.

9. 9. An injection molded article comprising the polypropylene composition of any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The article has the following characteristics: a tensile modulus, measured according to ISO 527-1, of from 1200 to 2000 MPa, more preferably from 1300 MPa to 1850 MPa, even more preferably from 1400 MPa to 1800 MPa, and / or a tensile strain at break, measured according to ISO 527-1, of 10 to 75%, more preferably 12 to 70%, even more preferably 15 to 60%, and / or a tensile strength, measured according to ISO 527-1, of 15 to 50 MPa, more preferably 20 to 45 MPa, even more preferably 23 to 40 MPa, and / or a tensile stress at break, measured according to ISO 527-1, of 10 to 35 MPa, more preferably 13 to 30 MPa, even more preferably 15 to 25 MPa, and / or a flexural modulus, measured according to ISO 178, of 1200 to 2000 MPa, more preferably 1300 MPa to 1850 MPa, even more preferably 1400 MPa to 1750 MPa, and / or a puncture energy measured according to ISO 6603-2 at 23°C of 15 to 35 J, more preferably 18 to 32 J, even more preferably 20 to 30 J, and / or and / or a maximum impact force at 23°C measured according to ISO 6603-2 at 23°C of 1750 to 2750 N, more preferably 2000 to 2600 N, even more preferably 2100 to 2500 N; and / or A maximum impact energy at 23°C measured at 23°C according to ISO 6603-2 of 10 to 20 J, more preferably 12 to 18 J, even more preferably 13 to 17 J.

10. The injection molded article of claim 9, having one or more or all of:

11. 9. A foamed article, preferably a foam injection molded article, comprising the polypropylene composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

12. 12. The foam article of claim 11, wherein the polypropylene composition is foamed in the presence of a foaming agent, preferably a chemical foaming agent.

13. The article has the following characteristics: 350-650kg / m ３ , preferably 375 to 625 kg / m ３ , more preferably 400 to 600 kg / m ３ of density measured according to ISO 1183, a flexural modulus, measured according to ISO 178, of 600 to 1200 MPa, preferably 650 to 1100 MPa, more preferably 675 to 1050 MPa; a tensile modulus, measured according to ISO 527, of 350 to 800 MPa, preferably 375 to 775 MPa, more preferably 400 to 750 MPa; a tensile strain at break of 20 to 100%, more preferably 25 to 85%, and even more preferably 32 to 70%; a tensile strain at tensile strength, measured according to ISO 527, of 2.0 to 7.5%, more preferably 2.5 to 7.0%, and even more preferably 3.0 to 6.5%; a tensile yield strain, measured in accordance with ISO 527, of 2.5 to 30.0%, more preferably 5.0 to 25.0%, and even more preferably 7.5 to 20.0%; a tensile strength, measured according to ISO 527, of 5.0 to 20.0 MPa, more preferably 6.5 to 15.0 MPa, even more preferably 7.0 to 12.5 MPa; a tensile stress at break, measured according to ISO 527, of 5.0 to 20.0 MPa, more preferably 6.5 to 15.0 MPa, even more preferably 7.0 to 12.5 MPa; a tensile yield stress, measured in accordance with ISO 527, of 5.0 to 20.0 MPa, more preferably 6.5 to 15.0 MPa, even more preferably 7.0 to 12.5 MPa; a maximum impact energy measured at 23°C according to ISO 6603-2 of 1.8 to 10.0 J, preferably 2.0 to 9.0 J, and / or Puncture energy measured at 23°C according to ISO 6603-2 of 2.0 to 10.0 J, preferably 2.3 to 9.0 J 13. The foam article of claim 11 or claim 12, comprising one or more or all of:

14. 14. The foam article of any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the flexural modulus, measured according to ISO 178, is in the range of 500 to 1500 MPa and is lower than the flexural modulus, measured according to ISO 178, of an unfoamed injection-molded article.

15. 9. Use of the polypropylene composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8 and a chemical blowing agent for the production of a foamed article, preferably a foamed injection moulded article.

Images