Heat transfer fluids with low electrical conductivity containing hydroxylamine or oxime functional groups, methods for their preparation and uses

Abstract

The present invention relates to a low electrical conductivity composition comprising a hydroxylamine-containing molecule in combination with a brass corrosion inhibitor, such as a triazole, wherein the weight ratio of the brass corrosion inhibitor to the hydroxylamine-containing molecule is 1:20 to 20:1, and the composition has an electrical conductivity of less than 200 μS / cm at 25°C. Such a composition can effectively provide corrosion inhibition of ferrous metals in low electrical conductivity heat transfer fluids and maintain a low electrical conductivity that remains substantially unchanged with aging. It is therefore particularly useful as a heat transfer fluid, for example, in fuel cells or battery-electric vehicles. The present invention further relates to methods for preparing the composition and uses utilizing the composition.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to compositions having low electrical conductivity that include hydroxylamine-containing molecules in combination with brass corrosion inhibitors, such as triazoles, and that are particularly useful as heat transfer fluids in fuel cells, battery electric vehicles, etc. The present invention further relates to methods for preparing said compositions and uses utilizing said compositions. [Background technology]

[0002] Heat transfer fluids are widely used in heat exchange systems involving internal combustion engines, solar systems, fuel cells, electric motors, generators, electronic devices, and the like.

[0003] Traditionally, water has been the preferred base fluid for heat transfer properties. In many applications, antifreeze properties are required, and in such cases, a base fluid consisting of water mixed with a freezing point depressant such as alcohol, glycol, or salt is used. Additives present in the heat transfer fluid can be used to achieve various functionalities such as (further) lowering of the freezing point, improving heat exchange properties, and inhibiting corrosion. Because heat transfer fluids are in continuous contact with metal parts (aluminum alloys, cast iron, steel, copper, brass, solder, etc.), they almost always contain one or more corrosion inhibitors.

[0004] Fuel cells are electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy through the controlled oxidation of fuel. Their relatively low emissions of pollutants compared to combustion engines make them an attractive option for applications such as automobiles and power plants. In most applications, several electrochemical cells are stacked together in series in so-called fuel cell stacks, allowing for higher voltages to be generated. Heat generated by the fuel cell stack can be removed by passing a coolant through the channels formed by the bipolar plates.

[0005] The potential difference between the positive and negative ends of a fuel cell stack can cause a shunt current to flow in the coolant, thus lowering the voltage of the fuel cell. In addition to the harmful drop in voltage, the shunt current can cause further problems, such as corrosion of the separator plates near the positive end of the fuel cell stack. Therefore, coolants for use in electrical applications such as fuel cells must have low electrical conductivity (i.e., high electrical resistance) and be able to maintain this throughout the life of the coolant.

[0006] Most known heat transfer fluids (e.g., coolants) are specifically designed for internal combustion engines and are therefore unsuitable for use in electrical applications such as fuel cells, batteries, or power electronics because they either (i) have high electrical conductivity or (ii) become significantly more electrically conductive upon aging, especially at high temperatures. The increase in electrical conductivity upon aging is generally attributed to the formation of ionic compounds due to the decomposition of alcohols, especially glycols, which are often used as base fluids, due to the decomposition of additives, due to metal corrosion, and / or due to impurities in the cooling circuit.

[0007] Therefore, there has been increased interest in recent years in developing heat transfer fluids that are suitable for use in electrical applications such as fuel cells.

[0008] Among the metals and alloys found in cooling systems, iron and steel are the most reactive to acid formation, while light metals and alloys, such as aluminum, are significantly less reactive. In fact, state-of-the-art, low-electrical conductivity water-glycol coolants do not provide adequate protection against cast iron corrosion, and most known corrosion inhibitors either provide high electrical conductivity or are largely ineffective in preventing ferrous metal corrosion, even when used in large quantities. This places a burden on system designers, who must avoid the presence of any ferrous metals at all costs. There is a need for corrosion inhibitors that are effective in inhibiting the corrosion of a wide variety of metals, particularly ferrous materials, and that ideally have long-term stability and no other detrimental or limiting properties.

[0009] EP 1 775 339 A1 describes heat transfer fluids containing hydroxylamine and its salts together with various corrosion inhibitors including phenols and triazoles.

[0010] US Patent Application Publication No. 4,689,201A describes a heat transfer fluid containing hydroxylamine, tannin, a salt of a Group II metal, an amine and a triazole. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0011] It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat transfer fluid that is capable of maintaining low electrical conductivity when aged in the presence of ferrous metals, such as when aged at elevated temperatures.

[0012] It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat transfer fluid capable of providing corrosion protection for ferrous metals in low electrical conductivity applications, such as when cooling electrical systems, particularly when cooling fuel cells, batteries or power electronics. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] The present inventors have surprisingly discovered that certain combinations of compounds of formula (I) can effectively provide corrosion inhibition of ferrous metals in low-electrical conductivity heat transfer fluids when used in the proper ratios in combination with known brass corrosion inhibitors, such as triazoles. Moreover, the mixtures maintain a low electrical conductivity that remains substantially unchanged with aging. As shown in the accompanying examples, such corrosion inhibition of ferrous metals is not observed when either the compound of formula (I) or a brass corrosion inhibitor, such as a triazole, is used separately, or when used in ratios outside the claimed range. Similarly, this effect is not observed with regular amines. While not wishing to be bound by any theory, the inventors believe that the N-OH (hydroxylamine) functionality contained in the compound of formula (I) is essential for its function in combination with a corrosion inhibitor, such as a triazole. One or more of the objects of the present invention are achieved by the various aspects of the invention described herein.

[0014] Thus, in a first aspect of the present invention, a base fluid, a first corrosion inhibitor and a compound of formula (I) [ka] wherein X is either a nitrogen such that the compound of formula (I) is a hydroxylamine, or X is an oxime such that the compound of formula (I) is an imine; R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; and R 2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; or R 1 and R 2 are connected together to form a C2-C6 alkanediyl connected to X to form a 3- to 7-membered ring) and a composition comprising a compound represented by the base fluid comprises water, alcohol, or a mixture thereof; the first corrosion inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of triazoles, thiazoles, triazines, diazoles, and combinations thereof; The weight ratio of the first corrosion inhibitor to the compound represented by formula (I) is 1:20 to 20:1; and The composition is provided having an electrical conductivity of less than 200 μS / cm at 25°C.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the compositions of the present invention are provided in the form of ready-to-use compositions.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the compositions of the present invention are provided in the form of concentrates for preparing the ready-to-use compositions described herein.

[0017] In another aspect, the present invention provides ready-to-use kits for preparing the compositions described herein.

[0018] In another aspect, the present invention provides methods for preparing the compositions described herein.

[0019] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the ready-to-use compositions described herein from the concentrates.

[0020] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the ready-to-use compositions described herein from a kit.

[0021] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing a pharmaceutical composition comprising: a. generating heat in an electrical system, preferably an electrical system such as a fuel cell, battery or power electronics, selected from the group consisting of a solar system, a fuel cell, an electric motor, a generator, a battery, a telephone transmission station, power electronics, a radio and television broadcast station, a relay station, an electric heating or cooling device; b. contacting a composition according to the invention, preferably a ready-to-use composition, with the system of step a; c. transferring heat from the system to the composition; d. passing the composition through a heat exchanger; e. passing heat through the composition; A method for exchanging heat is provided, comprising:

[0022] In another aspect, the present invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I) as a corrosion inhibitor for ferrous metals or cast iron in a heat transfer fluid having an electrical conductivity of less than 200 μS / cm at 25° C., preferably as a corrosion inhibitor for ferrous metals or cast iron, more preferably as a corrosion inhibitor for ferrous metals or cast iron in a heat transfer fluid having an electrical conductivity of less than 100 μS / cm at 25° C. and comprising a first corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of triazoles, thiazoles, triazines, diazoles, and combinations thereof. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0023] As used herein, the expression "comprise" and variations thereof, such as "comprises" and "comprising," are to be interpreted in an open and inclusive sense so that the described embodiment includes the recited features but does not exclude the presence of other features unless it would render the embodiment inoperable.

[0024] As used herein, the phrases "one embodiment," "particular embodiment," "an embodiment," etc., should be interpreted to mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of such phrases in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. For example, certain features of the present disclosure that are described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments are also expressly contemplated in combination in a single embodiment.

[0025] As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" should be construed to include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be noted that the term "or" is generally used in its broadest sense, i.e., to mean "and / or," unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0026] As used herein, the term "alkyl" includes linear, branched and cyclic alkyls.

[0027] As used herein, the term "tolyltriazole" refers to any methylbenzotriazole isomer. Preferably, the term refers to CAS 29385-43-1, a commercially available mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of 4- and 5-methylbenzotriazoles, along with small amounts of their respective 7- and 6-methyl tautomers.

[0028] Reference is made to the substance, component, or ingredient as present immediately prior to first contacting, blending, or mixing with one or more other substances, components, or ingredients according to the present disclosure. The substance, component, or ingredient may acquire an identity, property, or characteristic through a chemical reaction or transformation during the contacting, blending, or mixing process when performed in accordance with this disclosure through the application of common sense and the ordinary skill of the average chemist. Definitions of substances, components, or ingredients and their relative amounts refer to the composition as prepared at the time the ingredients are first contacted, unless expressly stated otherwise.

[0029] Electrical conductivity as referred to herein is preferably measured in accordance with ASTM D1125(2014) with a Radiometer Copenhagen CDM210 conductivity meter using a Radiometer Copenhagen CDC745-9 conductivity cell and a Radiometer Copenhagen temperature sensor T201.

[0030] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a corrosion inhibitor comprising: a base fluid; a first corrosion inhibitor; and a compound represented by formula (I): [ka] wherein X is either a nitrogen such that the compound of formula (I) is a hydroxylamine, or X is an oxime such that the compound of formula (I) is an imine; R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; and R 2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; or R 1 and R 2 are connected together to form a C2-C6 alkanediyl connected to X to form a 3- to 7-membered ring) and a composition comprising a compound represented by the base fluid comprises water, alcohol, or a mixture thereof; the first corrosion inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of triazoles, thiazoles, triazines, diazoles, and combinations thereof; The weight ratio of the first corrosion inhibitor to the compound represented by formula (I) is 1:20 to 20:1; and The composition has an electrical conductivity of less than 200 μS / cm at 25°C.

[0031] According to the present invention, the weight ratio of the primary corrosion inhibitor to the compound of formula (I) is determined based on the total amount of the primary corrosion inhibitor and the total amount of the compound of formula (I) in the composition. Since two or more different primary corrosion inhibitors can be used and two or more different compounds of formula (I) can be used, logically, in such an embodiment, the relative weights of all the primary corrosion inhibitors and all the compounds of formula (I) should be determined taking into account the weights thereof.

[0032] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, R 1 and R 2 are connected together to form a C2-C6 alkanediyl connected to X so as to form a 3-7 membered ring, if X is nitrogen, the resulting ring may be a heterocyclic ring containing one nitrogen atom.

[0033] Preferably, R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; and R 2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; More preferably, R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; and R 2 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; More preferably, R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl or C5-C6 cycloalkyl; and R 2 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl or C5-C6 cycloalkyl.

[0034] A composition wherein the compound of formula (I) is a hydroxylamine of formula (Ia) In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compound of formula (I) has formula (Ia): [ka] (In the formula, R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; and R 2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; or R 1 and R 2 are connected together to form a C2-C6 alkanediyl attached to the nitrogen of formula (Ia) to form a 3- to 7-membered ring.

[0023] Provided are compositions described herein wherein X in the compound of formula (I) is nitrogen, such that the hydroxylamine is

[0035] A preferred embodiment of the present invention wherein X in the compound of formula (I) is nitrogen, such that the compound of formula (I) is a hydroxylamine of formula (Ia), is R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; and R 2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; More preferably, R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; and R 2 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; More preferably, R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl or C5-C6 cycloalkyl; and R 2 is selected from C1 to C6 alkyl or C5 to C6 cycloalkyl.

[0036] A highly preferred embodiment of the present invention wherein X in the compound of formula (I) is nitrogen, such that the compound of formula (I) is a hydroxylamine of formula (Ia): R 1 is selected from C1-C4 alkyl; and R 2 is selected from C1-C4 alkyl; Preferably, R 1 is selected from C1-C2 alkyl; and R 2 is selected from C1-C2 alkyl.

[0037] The most preferred embodiment of the present invention where X in the compound of formula (I) is nitrogen, such that the compound of formula (I) is a hydroxylamine of formula (Ia), is where the compound of formula (I) is N,N-diethylhydroxylamine.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present invention where X in the compound of formula (I) is nitrogen, such that the compound of formula (I) is a hydroxylamine of formula (Ia), R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl, and R 2 is hydrogen.

[0039] A composition wherein the compound of formula (I) is an oxime of formula (Ib) In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compound of formula (I) has formula (Ib): [ka] (In the formula, R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; and R 2is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; or R 1 and R 2 are connected together to form a C2-C6 alkanediyl attached to the oxime carbon of formula (Ib) to form a 3- to 7-membered ring.

[0023] In another aspect, compositions are provided as described herein, wherein X in the compound of formula (I) is an imine, such that the compound is an oxime of the formula:

[0040] The stereochemistry of the oxime of formula (Ib) is not particularly limited, and the inventors believe that both the E and Z stereoisomers can be used in the compositions of the present invention. The wavy bond in formula (Ib) is used to refer to either the E or Z stereochemistry.

[0041] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is where X in the compound of formula (I) is an imine, such that the compound of formula (I) is an oxy of formula (Ib): R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; and R 2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; More preferably, R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; and R 2 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; More preferably, R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl or C5-C6 cycloalkyl; and R 2is selected from C1 to C6 alkyl or C5 to C6 cycloalkyl.

[0042] A highly preferred embodiment of the present invention is where X in the compound of formula (I) is an imine, such that the compound of formula (I) is an oxy of formula (Ib): R 1 is selected from C1-C4 alkyl; and R 2 is selected from C1-C4 alkyl; Preferably, R 1 is selected from C1-C2 alkyl; and R 2 is selected from C1-C2 alkyl.

[0043] The most preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein X in the compound of formula (I) is an imine, such that the compound of formula (I) is an oxy of formula (Ib), is where the compound of formula (I) is methyl ethyl ketone oxime.

[0044] In some embodiments of the invention, where X in the compound of formula (I) is an imine, such that the compound of formula (I) is an oxy of formula (Ib), R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl, and R 2 is hydrogen.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present invention, where X in the compound of formula (I) is an imine, such that the compound of formula (I) is an oxy of formula (Ib), R 1 and R 2 are connected together to form a C5-C6 alkanediyl connected to the oxime carbon of formula (Ib) to form a 6-7 membered ring.

[0046] First corrosion inhibitor The compositions of the present invention comprise a first corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of triazoles, thiazoles, triazines, diazoles, and combinations thereof, preferably selected from the group consisting of triazoles, thiazoles, triazines, and combinations thereof, more preferably selected from the group consisting of triazoles and thiazoles. Such corrosion inhibitors are known in the art as "yellow" corrosion inhibitors, known to inhibit corrosion of metals such as copper, brass, and their alloys.

[0047] The primary corrosion inhibitor may be provided in the form of a salt, particularly a sodium salt, a potassium salt, or an amine salt, provided that maximum electrical conductivity of the composition is of concern. Suitable amine salts include salts with amines of the formula NRR'R", where R, R', and R" are each independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl. Such amines are preferably tertiary amines. The primary corrosion inhibitor is preferably provided in free base form.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first corrosion inhibitor is selected from 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, and combinations thereof.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first corrosion inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of 1,2,4-triazole, 4H-1,2,4-triazole, 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol, 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole, 1H-1,2,3-triazole, benzotriazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, tolyltriazole, 2-[2-hydroxyethyl-[(4-methylbenzotriazole)] [(1-yl)methyl]amino]ethanol, 2-[2-hydroxyethyl-[(benzotriazolyl)methyl]amino]ethanol, (2-benzothiazolylthio)acetic acid, 2,2'-[[(methyl-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]imino]bisethanol, N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methanamine, and combinations thereof, more preferably selected from benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, and combinations thereof.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first corrosion inhibitor is 4,4'-(4(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(4-phenylene)dithiazol-2-amine, 2-(acetyl-ethoxycarbonyl-methyleno)-3-phenyl-4-(phenylhydrazono)-1,3-thiazolidin-5-one, 2-amino-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-thiazole, 2-methoxy-1,3-thiazole, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, ...-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, 4-(4-methylphenyl and a thiazole selected from 4-[1-aza-2-(phenyl)vinyl]-3-phenyl-2-thioxo(1,3-thiazolin-5-yl), 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolamine, 2-amino-4-methyl-thiazole, 2-amino-thiazole, 2,2′-dithiobis(benzothioazole), and combinations thereof.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first corrosion inhibitor is a triazine selected from 1,2,3-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, 1,3,5-triazine, 6-methyl-5-[m-nitrostyryl]-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazine, 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine, and combinations thereof.

[0052] In another embodiment of the invention, the first corrosion inhibitor is not selected from N,N',N"-tris-(2-hydroxypropyl)hexahydrotriazine, N,N',N"-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)hexahydrotriazine, 2,2',2"-(hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-triyl)-triethanol, or α,α',α"-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-(2H,4H,6H)triethanol, and preferably the first corrosion inhibitor is not selected from hexahydrotriazines. In another embodiment of the invention, the first corrosion inhibitor is not selected from triazines. In highly preferred embodiments of the present invention, the compositions of the present invention are substantially free of N,N',N"-tris-(2-hydroxypropyl)hexahydrotriazine, N,N',N"-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)hexahydrotriazine, 2,2',2"-(hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-triyl)-triethanol, and α,α',α"-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-(2H,4H,6H)triethanol; more preferably, the compositions of the present invention are substantially free of triazines.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first corrosion inhibitor is a diazole selected from pyrazole, 4-nitropyrazole, and 4-sulfopyrazole.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first corrosion inhibitor is represented by the general formula (IIa), (IIb), and / or (IIc): [ka] (In the formula, R 1represents one, two or three substituents on the six-membered ring, each of which is C1 to C 11 independently selected from alkyl, amine, methoxy, ethoxy, Cl, or Br; X is selected from nitrogen or a CH group, and R 2 is hydrogen, a mercapto group (-SH), or C1 to C 11 alkyl, preferably selected from methyl or ethyl, Preferably R 1 represents one, two, or three substituents on the six-membered ring, each substituent being independently selected from C1-C6 alkyl, amine, methoxy, ethoxy, Cl, or Br; X is selected from nitrogen or a CH group, and R 2 is selected from hydrogen, a mercapto group (—SH), or a C1-C6 alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl. The compound is selected from the group consisting of:

[0055] Relative Amounts of the Compound of Formula (I) and the First Corrosion Inhibitor As previously described herein and shown in the accompanying examples, the inventors have discovered that the compound of formula (I) and the first corrosion inhibitor, when used in accordance with the present invention, i.e., when utilizing the relative amounts described herein, exhibit advantageous and unexpected synergistic behavior in the inhibition of corrosion of ferrous metals (without producing significant electrical conductivity upon aging).

[0056] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of the first corrosion inhibitor to the compound represented by formula (I) is 1:20 to 10:1, preferably 1:10 to 10:1, more preferably 1:5 to 5:1, and most preferably 1:3.33 to 2.5:1.

[0057] basic fluid According to the present invention, the base fluid consists of water, or an alcohol, or a mixture thereof. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the alcohol of the base fluid is different from the compound represented by formula (I). Preferably, the alcohol is a compound consisting only of C, H, and O atoms.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, pentapropylene glycol, hexapropylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl, ethoxylated furfuryl, dimethyl ether of glycerol, sorbitol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, methoxyethanol, glycerol, and mixtures thereof, preferably selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, and mixtures thereof.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the base fluid comprises 30-70 wt.% (based on the weight of the base fluid) water and 30-70 wt.% (based on the weight of the base fluid) alcohol, the total amount of water and alcohol always being 100 wt.% (based on the weight of the base fluid).

[0060] As used herein, "monoethylene glycol" shall be taken to mean "ethane-1,2-diol" and are referred to interchangeably as "MEG."

[0061] As used herein, "monopropylene glycol" shall be taken to mean "propane-1,2-diol" and are referred to interchangeably as "MPG."

[0062] As used herein, the term "glycerol" means "propane-1,2,3-triol" and is synonymous with glycerin.

[0063] In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the base fluid comprises water, monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, or mixtures thereof. As described elsewhere herein, ready-to-use heat transfer fluids typically comprise mixtures of water and alcohols as described herein. However, in some embodiments, particularly when concentrates are provided, only water or only alcohols may be used.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the base fluid consists of water and an alcohol, wherein the alcohol is present in an amount of 10 to 99.5 wt.% (based on the weight of the base fluid), preferably 10 to 80 wt.%, and more preferably 30 to 70 wt.%. In certain embodiments, the alcohol is present in an amount ranging from 33 to 60 wt.% (based on the weight of the base fluid). In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the base fluid consists of 30 to 70 wt.% (based on the weight of the base fluid) water and 30 to 70 wt.% (based on the total weight of the base fluid) alcohol selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, and mixtures thereof.

[0065] In an embodiment of the invention, the base fluid comprises more than 50% by weight water (based on the weight of the base fluid), preferably more than 70% by weight, more preferably more than 85% by weight.

[0066] In an embodiment of the invention, the base fluid comprises more than 50% by weight (based on the weight of the base fluid) monoethylene glycol, preferably more than 70% by weight, more preferably more than 85% by weight, and most preferably more than 95% by weight monoethylene glycol.

[0067] In an embodiment of the invention, the base fluid comprises more than 50% by weight (based on the weight of the base fluid) monopropylene glycol, preferably more than 70% by weight, more preferably more than 85% by weight, and most preferably more than 95% by weight monopropylene glycol.

[0068] In an embodiment of the invention, the base fluid comprises more than 50% by weight 1,3-propanediol (based on the weight of the base fluid), preferably more than 70% by weight, more preferably more than 85% by weight, and most preferably more than 95% by weight 1,3-propanediol.

[0069] In an embodiment of the invention, the base fluid comprises more than 50% by weight glycerol (based on the weight of the base fluid), preferably more than 70% by weight, more preferably more than 85% by weight, and most preferably more than 95% by weight glycerol.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as described herein comprising more than 78 wt. % base fluid (based on the total weight of the composition), more preferably more than 85 wt. %, even more preferably more than 90 wt. %, and even more preferably more than 95 wt. % or more than 98 wt. % base fluid.

[0071] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the base fluid is typically added to the composition in "just the right amount." In an embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises less than 99.9 wt.% of the base fluid (based on the total weight of the composition), such as less than 99.8 wt.%, less than 99.5 wt.%, or less than 99 wt.%, less than 98 wt.%, less than 97 wt.%, less than 96 wt.%, less than 95 wt.%, less than 94 wt.%, less than 93 wt.%, less than 92 wt.%, less than 91 wt.%, less than 90 wt.%, less than 89 wt.%, less than 88 wt.%, less than 87 wt.%, less than 86 wt.%, less than 85 wt.%, less than 84 wt.%, less than 83 wt.%, less than 82 wt.%, or less than 81 wt.% of the base fluid.

[0072] In preferred embodiments of the present invention, there are provided compositions as described herein that comprise less than 99.9 wt. % of the base fluid, or less than 99.5 wt. %, or less than 99 wt. % (based on the total weight of the composition).

[0073] pH In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition has a pH in the range of 5 to 9, preferably in the range of 6 to 8.5, more preferably in the range of 6 to 8.

[0074] Enhancement Additives The inventors have discovered that the inclusion of certain additional additives in the compositions of the present invention can particularly improve one or more of the properties of the composition when used as a heat transfer fluid, particularly in terms of corrosion inhibition (e.g., corrosion inhibition of ferrous metals) and ability to maintain low electrical conductivity upon aging in the presence of metals at elevated temperatures, or by reducing the amount of compound represented by formula (I) used while maintaining the same performance. Such particularly preferred additives are referred to herein as "enhancing additives" and include nonionic polymers, amines, phenols, dioxoaromatic compounds, and nonionic surfactants.

[0075] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compositions described herein further comprise a C1-C olefin copolymer of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyalkylene oxide, polysiloxane, polyalkylene oxide. 18 Alkyl or alkenyl ether, polyalkylene oxide C1-C 18 Alkyl or alkenyl esters, alkoxylated C1-C 18The nonionic polymer may be selected from the group consisting of alkyl or alkenyl amines, polyvinyl acetate, copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof, preferably polyvinylpyrrolidone. The nonionic polymer preferably has a weight average molecular weight Mw in the range of 100 to 5,000,000 g / mol, preferably 500 to 2,500,000 g / mol. The polyalkene oxide may be selected from polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polybutylene oxide, and copolymers thereof. The polyvinylpyrrolidone may be selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone homopolymers and polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymers, preferably polyvinylpyrrolidone homopolymers. Examples of suitable polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymers include polymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone in combination with at least one other monomer selected from styrene, vinyl acetate, ethylene, propylene, tetrafluoroethylene, methyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride, and ethylene oxide. In such embodiments, the percentage of N-vinylpyrrolidone monomer is at least 10%, more preferably at least 25%, e.g., at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or at least 95%, based on the total number of monomers in the polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer. Preferred polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymers that can be applied in the composition according to the present invention include copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate (wherein the percentage of N-vinylpyrrolidone monomer is at least 25% based on the total number of monomers in the polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer), hydrolyzed forms of copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate (wherein the percentage of N-vinylpyrrolidone monomer is at least 10% based on the total number of monomers in the polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer), and copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylcaprolactam (wherein the percentage of N-vinylpyrrolidone monomer is at least 40% based on the total number of monomers in the polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer).The polyvinylpyrrolidone, preferably the polyvinylpyrrolidone homopolymer, has a weight average molecular weight M in the range of 100 to 5,000,000 g / mol, preferably 500 to 2,500,000 g / mol. w As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the weight average molecular weight is the weight fraction of molecules in a polymer sample, giving an average of the molecular masses of single macromolecules in the polymer sample. The weight average molecular weight as defined herein has the formula:

number

[0076] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compositions described herein further comprise an amine, wherein the amine does not comprise an N-hydroxylamine (N—OH) functional group. The amine is preferably selected from molecules consisting of the atoms C, N, H and optionally O, containing 1 to 10 C atoms, containing one or more amine functional groups and optionally containing one or more hydroxyl or ether functional groups, wherein the amine does not comprise an N-hydroxylamine (N—OH) functional group and preferably the amine does not comprise any other functional groups other than one or more amine functional groups and optionally one or more hydroxyl or ether functional groups. In a preferred embodiment, the amine is selected from the group consisting of methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine, tributylamine, triethylamine, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, 2-diethylaminoethanol, monoethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, ethoxylated caprylamine, diisopropylamine, 2-dibutylaminoethanol, 2-dipropylaminoethanol, triethanolamine, tri(isopropanol)amine, ethylenediamine, piperazine, morpholine, pyrrolidine, piperazine, diisopropylmethylamine, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]o The amines are selected from the group consisting of butyl amine, quinuclidine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, benzylamine, cyclohexamine, hexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, isobutanolamine, dihydroxyethylamine, 3-methoxypropylamine, p,p-dioctylphenylamine, monooctyldiphenylamine, phenyl-1-naphthylamine, phenyl-2-naphthylamine, alkylphenyl-1-naphthalamine, alkylphenyl-2-naphthalamine, alkoxylated C1 to C22 hydrocarbylamines (particularly ethoxylated caprylamine such as 2-EO-caprylamine), and combinations thereof.In an embodiment of the present invention there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition comprises an amine as an additional additive in an amount of more than 0.001 wt.% (based on the total weight of the composition), preferably more than 0.005 wt.%, preferably more than 0.01 wt.% and / or less than 10 wt.%, preferably less than 5 wt.%, preferably less than 3 wt.%.

[0077] In an embodiment of the present invention, the compositions described herein further comprise an aromatic alcohol selected from phenol, pyrogallol, gallic acid, a gallate ester, and combinations thereof. The phenol is preferably selected from phenols optionally bearing 0, 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from amino and C1-C6 alkyl. Suitable examples of preferred phenols include 2-aminophenol, 4-aminophenol, 2-amino-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butylmethylphenol, 4,4'-methylene-bis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), and 4-amino-3-methylphenol. Suitable examples of preferred gallate esters include C1-C12 alkyl esters of gallate. In an embodiment of the present invention there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition comprises aromatic alcohol as an additional additive in an amount of more than 0.001 wt.% (based on the total weight of the composition), preferably more than 0.005 wt.%, preferably more than 0.01 wt.% and / or less than 10 wt.%, preferably less than 5 wt.%, preferably less than 3 wt.%.

[0078] In an embodiment of the present invention, the composition described herein further comprises a dioxoaromatic compound selected from benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, hydroquinone, and catechol. The dioxoaromatic compound is preferably selected from 1,4-benzoquinone, 1,2-benzoquinone, 1,2-naphthoquinone, 1,4-naphthoquinone, 1,4-dihydroxybenzene, and 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, optionally bearing 0, 1, or 2 substituents independently selected from amino, C1-C6 alkyl, and sulfonic acid. In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition comprises a dioxoaromatic compound as an additional additive in an amount greater than 0.001 wt.% (based on the total weight of the composition), preferably greater than 0.005 wt.%, preferably greater than 0.01 wt.%, and / or less than 10 wt.%, preferably less than 5 wt.%, preferably less than 3 wt.%.

[0079] In an embodiment of the invention, the compositions described herein further comprise a secondary antioxidant selected from thiols, thioethers, and thioesters, such as those selected from methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, n-propyl mercaptan, 2-propenethiol, butanethiol, tert-butyl mercaptan, thiophenol, thioacetic acid, dimercaptosuccinic acid, glutathione, cysteine, methyl thionobenzoate, dimethyl sulfide, methyl phenyl sulfide, 4-ethylthio-2-methylpent-2-ene, dimethyl sulfide, diethyl sulfide, diphenyl sulfide, phenyl 4-piperidyl sulfide, and thiodiglycol.

[0080] In an embodiment of the present invention, the compositions described herein further comprise a non-ionic surfactant. The non-ionic surfactant is preferably Fatty acid esters such as sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyalkylene glycols, polyalkylene glycol esters, Copolymers and block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, Polyoxyalkylene derivatives of sorbitan fatty acid esters, and Alkoxylated alcohol ethers is selected from the group consisting of:

[0081] In an embodiment of the present invention there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition comprises a non-ionic surfactant as an additional additive in an amount of more than 0.001 wt.% (based on the total weight of the composition), preferably more than 0.005 wt.%, preferably more than 0.01 wt.% and / or less than 10 wt.%, preferably less than 5 wt.%, preferably less than 3 wt.%.

[0082] Additional additives As will be understood by those skilled in the art, based on the teachings provided herein, compositions according to the present invention may contain one or more additional additives other than the enhancing additives described herein above, in accordance with common practice in the art. It is within the routine ability of those skilled in the art to determine the extent to which a particular additive can be added so that the electrical conductivity of the resulting composition is compatible with the present invention. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, non-ionic additives are preferred. The coolant composition comprises a base fluid, a compound represented by formula (I), a first corrosion inhibitor, and an optional enhancing additive selected from non-ionic polymers, amines, phenols, dioxoaromatic compounds, and non-ionic surfactants, as previously described herein, in clearly defined amounts. Therefore, the one or more additional additives are different from the base fluid, the compound represented by formula (I), the first corrosion inhibitor, and the optional enhancing additive selected from non-ionic polymers, amines, phenols, dioxoaromatic compounds, and non-ionic surfactants, as previously described herein.

[0083] Examples of such additional additives include, but are not limited to, surfactants (e.g., dispersants, detergents), chelating agents, dyes, biocides, liquid dielectrics, antioxidants, anti-wear agents, pH adjusters, wetting agents, bittering agents, and anti-foaming agents. In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention further comprises one or more additional additives in an amount ranging from 0.001 to 10 wt.% (based on the total weight of the composition), preferably from 0.01 to 5 wt.%.

[0084] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, based on the teachings set forth herein, the composition according to the present invention may contain one or more additives in accordance with the practice in the art. It is within the routine ability of a person skilled in the art to determine to what extent a particular additive can be added so that the electrical conductivity of the resulting composition is compatible with the present invention.

[0085] In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention further comprises one or more additives selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, silicone oils, mineral oils, silicates, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, aliphatic tricarboxylic acids, molybdates, nitrates, nitrites, phosphonates, and phosphates. In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention further comprises one or more of said additives in an amount ranging from 0.001 to 10 wt.% (based on the total weight of the composition), preferably from 0.01 to 5 wt.%.

[0086] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises an antifoaming agent. Preferably, the antifoaming agent is selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, or silicone polymers (e.g., 3D silicone polymers), or silicone oils. In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, further comprising a defoaming agent in an amount greater than 0.001 wt.%, preferably greater than 0.005 wt.%, preferably greater than 0.01 wt.%, and / or less than 10 wt.%, preferably less than 5 wt.%, preferably less than 3 wt.% (based on the total weight of the composition).

[0087] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises an antioxidant, preferably selected from the group consisting of aromatic amines such as p,p-dioctylphenylamine, monooctyldiphenylamine, phenothiazine, 3,7-dioctylphenothiazine, phenyl-1-naphthylamine, phenyl-2-naphthylamine, alkylphenyl-1-naphthalamine and alkylphenyl-2-naphthalamine, as well as sulfur-containing compounds such as dithiophosphates, phosphites, sulfides and dithiometallic salts such as benzothiazole, tin-dialkyldithiophosphate and zinc diaryldithiophosphate. In an embodiment of the present invention there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises an antioxidant in an amount of more than 0.001 wt.% (based on the total weight of the composition), preferably more than 0.005 wt.%, preferably more than 0.01 wt.% and / or less than 10 wt.%, preferably less than 5 wt.%, preferably less than 3 wt.%.

[0088] In certain embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises a liquid dielectric. Preferred liquid dielectrics are mineral oil, silicone oil, and mixtures thereof. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the composition provided herein comprises more than 0.0001 wt.% (based on the total weight of the composition), preferably more than 0.001 wt.%, preferably more than 0.01 wt.%, and / or less than 10 wt.%, preferably less than 5 wt.%, preferably less than 3 wt.% of a liquid dielectric.

[0089] In an embodiment of the invention, the composition further comprises an anionic surfactant, for example, RX, where X represents a sulfate group, a phosphate group, a sulfonate group, or a carboxylate group, preferably a sulfate group, and R represents - Branched or linear C5-C 24 alkyl groups, - Branched or linear monounsaturated C5-C 24 alkenyl groups, - Branched or linear polyunsaturated C5-C 24 alkenyl groups, - C8~C 15 alkylbenzene groups containing alkyl; - C8~C 15 alkenylbenzene groups, including alkenyl; - C3~C 15 an alkylnaphthalene group containing an alkyl; - C3~C 15 alkenylnaphthalene groups, including alkenyl; - C8~C 15 alkylphenol groups containing alkyl, and - C8~C 15 Alkenyl-containing alkenylphenol groups (selected from In an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition comprises said anionic surfactant in an amount of more than 0.001 wt.% (based on the total weight of the composition), preferably more than 0.005 wt.%, preferably more than 0.01 wt.% and / or less than 10 wt.%, preferably less than 5 wt.%, preferably less than 3 wt.%.

[0090] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises a corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of aromatic carboxylates, aliphatic monocarboxylates, aliphatic dicarboxylates, aliphatic tricarboxylates, molybdates, and phosphates. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the carboxylates referred to herein are typically provided in their free acid form, which is neutralized in situ.

[0091] In an embodiment of the present invention, an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid salt, preferably C4 to C 12There is provided a composition as defined herein further comprising an aliphatic monocarboxylate salt in an amount (by weight) greater than 50 ppm, preferably greater than 100 ppm, preferably greater than 500 ppm and / or less than 5000 ppm, preferably less than 2500 ppm, preferably less than 1000 ppm, of an aliphatic monocarboxylate selected from the group consisting of aliphatic monocarboxylate salts. The amount of carboxylate referred to herein is calculated based on the weight of the carboxylate anion, excluding the weight of the cation.

[0092] In an embodiment of the present invention, aliphatic dicarboxylates, preferably C6-C 16 There is provided a composition as defined herein further comprising an aliphatic dicarboxylate selected from the group consisting of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid salts in an amount (by weight) of more than 50 ppm, preferably more than 100 ppm, preferably more than 500 ppm and / or less than 5000 ppm, preferably less than 2500 ppm, preferably less than 1000 ppm, where the amount of carboxylate referred to herein is calculated based on the weight of the carboxylate anion, excluding the weight of the cation.

[0093] In an embodiment of the present invention, aliphatic tricarboxylates, preferably C7-C 18 There is provided a composition as defined herein further comprising an aliphatic tricarboxylate selected from the group consisting of aliphatic tricarboxylic acid salts in an amount (by weight) of more than 50 ppm, preferably more than 100 ppm, preferably more than 500 ppm and / or less than 5000 ppm, preferably less than 2500 ppm, preferably less than 1000 ppm, where the amount of carboxylate referred to herein is calculated based on the weight of the carboxylate anion, excluding the weight of the cation.

[0094] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein further comprising an aromatic carboxylate, preferably selected from the group consisting of benzoate, benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate, benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate, benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate, and combinations thereof, in an amount (by weight) of more than 50 ppm, preferably more than 100 ppm, preferably more than 500 ppm, and / or less than 5000 ppm, preferably less than 2500 ppm, preferably less than 1000 ppm. The amount of carboxylate referred to herein is calculated based on the weight of the carboxylate anion, excluding the weight of the cation.

[0095] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises a corrosion inhibitor which is a molybdate, preferably an inorganic molybdate, in an amount greater than 1 ppm (by weight) of molybdate, preferably greater than 10 ppm, preferably greater than 100 ppm, and / or less than 10,000 ppm, preferably less than 1,000 ppm, preferably less than 500 ppm. When molybdate is utilized in salt form, the amount of molybdate used herein refers to the amount of molybdate anion (i.e., excluding the weight of the cationic counterion).

[0096] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises a corrosion inhibitor which is a phosphate, preferably an inorganic phosphate, in an amount greater than 10 ppm (by weight) phosphate, preferably greater than 250 ppm, preferably greater than 1000 ppm phosphate and / or less than 10000 ppm, preferably less than 5000 ppm, preferably less than 2500 ppm. When phosphate is utilized in salt form, the amount of phosphate as used herein refers to the amount of phosphate anion (i.e., excluding the weight of the cationic counterion).

[0097] In an embodiment of the present invention there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises a silicate corrosion inhibitor in an amount greater than 1 ppm Si (by weight), preferably greater than 10 ppm Si, most preferably greater than 100 ppm Si and / or less than 10,000 ppm, preferably less than 1,000 ppm, preferably less than 500 ppm. The silicate corrosion inhibitor is preferably an inorganic silicate (e.g. sodium metasilicate), an organic silicate (e.g. Si(R 1 ) n (OR 2 ) 4-n , in that case, R 1 and R 2 are each independently C1-C6 alkyl or phenyl, and n is 0, 1, 2, or 3) or silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (e.g., having a volume median particle size (D) in the range of 10 to 200 nm). v 50)) silica nanoparticles having a hydroxyl group selected from the group consisting of:

[0098] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises a nitrate, preferably an inorganic nitrate, in an amount greater than 1 ppm (based on the total weight of the composition) of nitrate, preferably greater than 10 ppm, preferably greater than 100 ppm, and / or less than 10,000 ppm, preferably less than 1,000 ppm, preferably less than 500 ppm. When the nitrate is utilized in salt form, the amount of nitrate as used herein refers to the amount of nitrate anion (i.e., excluding the weight of the cationic counterion).

[0099] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises nitrite, preferably inorganic nitrite, in an amount greater than 1 ppm (based on the total weight of the composition) of nitrite, preferably greater than 10 ppm, preferably greater than 100 ppm of nitrite and / or less than 10,000 ppm, preferably less than 1,000 ppm, preferably less than 500 ppm. When nitrite is utilized in salt form, the amount of nitrite used herein refers to the amount of nitrite anion (i.e., excluding the weight of the cationic counterion).

[0100] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises a phosphonate, preferably an inorganic phosphonate, in an amount greater than 10 ppm (based on the total weight of the composition) of phosphonate, preferably greater than 250 ppm, preferably greater than 1000 ppm of phosphonate and / or less than 10000 ppm, preferably less than 5000 ppm, preferably less than 2500 ppm. When the phosphonate is utilized in salt form, the amount of phosphonate as used herein refers to the amount of phosphonate anion (i.e., excluding the weight of the cationic counterion).

[0101] electrical conductivity In embodiments of the present invention, there are provided coolant compositions as described herein that have an electrical conductivity as described elsewhere herein when measured according to ASTM D1125(2014) with a Radiometer Copenhagen CDM210 electrical conductivity meter using a Radiometer Copenhagen CDC745 conductivity cell and a Radiometer Copenhagen temperature sensor T201.

[0102] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as described herein having an electrical conductivity of less than 50 μS / cm, preferably less than 25 μS / cm, at 25° C. after aging for 14 days at 60° C. In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as described herein having an electrical conductivity of less than 50 μS / cm, preferably less than 25 μS / cm, at 25° C. after being subjected to a 14 day 60° C. glass corrosion test performed according to ASTM D1384(2019) applying the ASTM D1384(2019) protocol using deionized water instead of the corrosive water specified in the standard and applying a 50 vol% dilution instead of the 33 vol% specified in the standard.

[0103] In an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a coolant composition as described herein comprising an alcohol as described herein, wherein after 14 days aging at 60° C., the concentration of glycolate and / or the concentration of formate is less than 30 ppm (based on the total weight of the w / w composition), preferably less than 10 ppm, wherein the concentration of glycolate and the concentration of formate are determined by ion chromatography. In an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a coolant composition as described herein comprising an alcohol as described herein, wherein after 14 days aging at 60° C., the concentration of glycolate and / or the concentration of formate are less than 30 ppm (based on the total weight of the w / w composition), preferably less than 10 ppm, wherein the concentration of glycolate and the concentration of formate are determined by ion chromatography ...

[0104] Corrosion control As described throughout this document, compositions according to the present invention exhibit low electrical conductivity yet provide excellent iron corrosion protection, and both properties are maintained upon aging at elevated temperatures. Thus, in an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as described herein, in which a cast iron UNS F10007 coupon submerged in the composition exhibits a weight loss of less than 20 mg, preferably less than 10 mg, preferably less than 2 mg, after a 14-day 60°C glassware corrosion test performed according to ASTM D1384(2019) protocol using deionized water instead of the corrosive water specified in the standard and applying a 50 vol% dilution instead of the 33 vol% specified in the standard.

[0105] Ready-to-use compositions In a highly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compositions described herein are provided in the form of a ready-to-use composition, the concentration of the compound of formula (I) is in the range of 0.01 to 1 wt.% (based on the total weight of the ready-to-use composition), preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 0.06 to 0.2 wt.%, the concentration of the first corrosion inhibitor is in the range of 0.01 to 1 wt.% (based on the total weight of the ready-to-use composition), preferably in the range of 0.025 to 0.5 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 0.06 to 0.15 wt.%, and The ready-to-use composition comprises more than 90 wt.% (based on the total weight of the ready-to-use composition) of base fluid, preferably more than 95 wt.%, preferably more than 98 wt.%, preferably more than 98.5 wt.%.

[0106] In highly preferred embodiments, the ready-to-use compositions described herein are heat transfer fluids, preferably suitable for use in solar systems, fuel cells, electric motors, generators, batteries, battery electric vehicles, power electronics or electronic devices, and most preferably suitable for use in fuel cells or power electronics.

[0107] In a preferred embodiment, there is provided a ready-to-use composition as described herein, wherein the base fluid consists of water and an alcohol, preferably selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, pentapropylene glycol, hexapropylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl, ethoxylated furfuryl, dimethyl ether of glycerol, sorbitol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, methoxyethanol, and glycerol, preferably selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol or mixtures thereof; and the amount of alcohol is preferably in the range of 10 to 80 wt.-%, preferably 30 to 70 wt.-% (based on the total weight of the composition). In certain embodiments, the amount of alcohol ranges from 10 to 55% by weight (based on the total weight of the composition).

[0108] In all embodiments of the ready-to-use composition, the concentration of the primary corrosion inhibitor is preferably less than 1000 ppm w / w (based on the total weight of the composition).

[0109] concentrate In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compositions described herein are provided in the form of concentrates, which are suitable as starting materials for preparing the ready-to-use compositions described herein.

[0110] In preferred embodiments, the concentrate is suitable for preparing a ready-to-use composition described herein by the addition of water and / or alcohol alone; preferably by the addition of water, monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, and / or glycerol alone; most preferably by the addition of water. In highly preferred embodiments, the concentrate is suitable for preparing a ready-to-use composition described herein by the addition of water alone (i.e., no other ingredients need to be added to prepare a ready-to-use composition described herein from the concentrate).

[0111] In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat transfer fluid compositions described herein are provided in the form of a concentrate, the base fluid consists of water or a mixture of water with an alcohol, preferably selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, pentapropylene glycol, hexapropylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl, ethoxylated furfuryl, dimethyl ether of glycerol, sorbitol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, methoxyethanol, and glycerol, preferably selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, or a mixture thereof; the concentration of the compound of formula (I) is in the range of 1.01 to 25 wt.%, preferably in the range of 5 to 20 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 5 to 15 wt.% (based on the total weight of the concentrated composition); the concentration of the first corrosion inhibitor is in the range of 1.01 to 25 wt.% (based on the total weight of the concentrated composition), preferably in the range of 5 to 20 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 5 to 15 wt.%, and The concentrate composition comprises at least 40 wt.% (based on the total weight of the concentrate composition) base fluid and less than 98 wt.% (based on the total weight of the concentrate composition) base fluid, preferably less than 95 wt.%, preferably less than 90 wt.%, preferably less than 85 wt.%, preferably less than 80 wt.%.

[0112] In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat transfer fluid compositions described herein are provided in the form of a concentrate, the base fluid is an alcohol, preferably selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, pentapropylene glycol, hexapropylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl, ethoxylated furfuryl, dimethyl ether of glycerol, sorbitol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, methoxyethanol, and glycerol, preferably an alcohol selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, or a mixture thereof; the concentration of the compound of formula (I) is in the range of 1.01 to 25 wt.%, preferably in the range of 5 to 25 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 10 to 25 wt.% (based on the total weight of the concentrated composition); the concentration of the first corrosion inhibitor is in the range of 1.01 to 25 wt.% (based on the total weight of the concentrated composition), preferably in the range of 5 to 25 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 10 to 25 wt.%; The concentrate composition comprises at least 40 wt.% (based on the total weight of the concentrate composition) base fluid and less than 98 wt.% (based on the total weight of the concentrate composition), preferably less than 95 wt.%, preferably less than 90 wt.%, preferably less than 85 wt.%, preferably less than 80 wt.% base fluid.

[0113] In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat transfer fluid compositions described herein are provided in the form of a concentrate, the base fluid consists of water or a mixture of water with an alcohol, preferably selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, pentapropylene glycol, hexapropylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl, ethoxylated furfuryl, dimethyl ether of glycerol, sorbitol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, methoxyethanol, and glycerol, preferably selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, or a mixture thereof; the concentration of the compound of formula (I) is in the range of 1.01 to 25 wt.%, preferably in the range of 3 to 15 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 3 to 10 wt.% (based on the total weight of the concentrated composition); the concentration of the first corrosion inhibitor is in the range of 1.01 to 25 wt.% (based on the total weight of the concentrated composition), preferably in the range of 3 to 15 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 3 to 10 wt.%; the composition further comprises a non-ionic polymer as defined herein above in an amount of 1 to 25 wt.%, preferably 3 to 20 wt.%, more preferably 5 to 15 wt.% (based on the total weight of the concentrated composition); and The concentrate composition comprises at least 40 wt.% (based on the total weight of the concentrate composition) base fluid and less than 98 wt.% (based on the total weight of the concentrate composition) base fluid, preferably less than 95 wt.%, preferably less than 90 wt.%, preferably less than 85 wt.%, preferably less than 80 wt.%.

[0114] In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat transfer fluid compositions described herein are provided in the form of a concentrate, the base fluid is an alcohol, preferably selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, pentapropylene glycol, hexapropylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl, ethoxylated furfuryl, dimethyl ether of glycerol, sorbitol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, methoxyethanol, and glycerol, preferably an alcohol selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, or a mixture thereof; the concentration of the compound of formula (I) is in the range of 1.01 to 25 wt.%, preferably in the range of 5 to 25 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 5 to 20 wt.% (based on the total weight of the concentrated composition); the concentration of the first corrosion inhibitor is in the range of 1.01 to 25 wt.% (based on the total weight of the concentrated composition), preferably in the range of 5 to 25 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 5 to 20 wt.%; the composition further comprises a non-ionic polymer as defined herein above in an amount of 1 to 25 wt.%, preferably 3 to 20 wt.%, more preferably 5 to 15 wt.% (based on the total weight of the concentrated composition); and The concentrate composition comprises at least 40 wt.% (based on the total weight of the concentrate composition) base fluid and less than 98 wt.% (based on the total weight of the concentrate composition), preferably less than 95 wt.%, preferably less than 90 wt.%, preferably less than 85 wt.%, preferably less than 80 wt.% base fluid.

[0115] Preparation method In another aspect of the invention, (i) providing a base fluid as described herein; (ii) providing a compound of formula (I) as described herein; (iii) providing a first corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of triazoles, thiazoles, triazines, diazoles, and combinations thereof, as described herein; (iv) Optionally providing one or more enhancing or additional additives as described herein; (v) combining the base fluid of step (i), the compound of formula (I) of step (ii), and the first corrosion inhibitor of step (iii), optionally with additional additives of step (iv), in a weight ratio of first corrosion inhibitor to compound of formula (I) of 1:20 to 20:1; There is provided a method for preparing the compositions defined herein, comprising:

[0116] According to the present invention, the order of addition of the compounds is not particularly limited.

[0117] In another aspect of the present invention, a method for producing a semiconductor device comprising the steps of: (i) providing a concentrate as defined herein; (ii) providing water, alcohol or a mixture thereof; (iii) optionally providing one or more enhancement or additional additives described herein; (iv) combining the concentrate of step (i) with water, alcohol or mixtures thereof of step (ii) and optional additional additives of step (iii) to obtain a ready-to-use composition; There is provided a method for preparing a ready-to-use composition as defined herein, comprising:

[0118] The alcohol of step (ii) is as described hereinabove. In a highly preferred embodiment, the alcohol of step 2 is selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, and combinations thereof.

[0119] In a preferred embodiment, step (ii) comprises providing more than 50 wt.% (based on the weight of the concentrate) of water, alcohol or mixtures thereof, preferably more than 100 wt.%, more than 150 wt.%, more than 200 wt.%, more than 500 wt.% of water, alcohol or mixtures thereof.

[0120] Kit of Parts In another aspect of the invention, (i) a first container containing a first solution of a compound of formula (I) as described herein in water, an alcohol (as described herein) or a mixture thereof, preferably in water, monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol or a mixture thereof, more preferably in water, monoethylene glycol or a mixture thereof, and most preferably in water; (ii) a second container containing a second solution of a first corrosion inhibitor described herein in water, alcohol, or mixtures thereof, preferably in water, monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, or mixtures thereof, more preferably in water, monoethylene glycol, or mixtures thereof, and most preferably in monoethylene glycol; 1. A kit for preparing a composition, preferably a ready-to-use composition as defined herein, comprising: the concentration of the compound of formula (I) in the first container is preferably in the range of 1.01 to 25 wt.% (based on the total weight of the first solution), preferably in the range of 5 to 20 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 5 to 15 wt.%, The concentration of the first corrosion inhibitor in the second container is preferably in the range of 1.01 to 25 wt.% (based on the total weight of the second solution), preferably in the range of 5 to 20 wt.%, more preferably in the range of 5 to 15 wt.%, a kit is provided.

[0121] In an embodiment, the kit further comprises instructions for combining the first container and the second container with water, alcohol (as described herein), or a mixture thereof to obtain a composition exhibiting improved corrosion inhibition according to the present invention.

[0122] In another aspect of the present invention, a method for producing a semiconductor device comprising the steps of: (i) providing a kit as defined herein comprising a first container as defined herein and a second container as defined herein; (ii) providing water, alcohol (as described herein), or a mixture thereof; (iii) optionally providing an enhancing additive or additional additive as defined herein; (iv) combining the first container of the kit provided in step (i) with the second container of the kit provided in step (i), the water, alcohol or mixture thereof of step (ii) and the optional additional additives of (iii) to obtain a ready-to-use composition; There is provided a method for preparing a composition, preferably a ready-to-use composition as defined herein, comprising:

[0123] In an embodiment of the present invention, the steps include: (i) providing a kit as defined herein comprising a first container as defined herein and a second container as defined herein; (ii) providing water, alcohol or a mixture thereof; (iii) combining the first container of the kit provided in step (i) with the second container of the kit provided in step (i) and with water, alcohol or a mixture thereof from step (ii) to obtain a ready-to-use composition; There is provided a method for preparing a composition, preferably a ready-to-use composition as defined herein, comprising:

[0124] In a highly preferred embodiment, the alcohol in step (ii) is selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, and combinations thereof.

[0125] According to the present invention, the order of addition of the components is not particularly limited.

[0126] In a preferred embodiment, step (ii) comprises providing more than 50 wt.% (based on the combined weight of the first and second solutions) of water, alcohol or mixtures thereof, preferably more than 100 wt.%, more than 150 wt.%, more than 200 wt.%, more than 500 wt.% of water, alcohol or mixtures thereof.

[0127] Use of compositions as heat transfer fluids and methods In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided the use of a composition, preferably a ready-to-use composition as provided herein, as a heat transfer fluid, preferably as a heat transfer fluid in a combustion engine, a solar system, a fuel cell, an electric motor, a generator, a battery, a battery electric vehicle, or an electronic device, most preferably as a heat transfer fluid in a combustion engine.

[0128] In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of inhibiting corrosion comprising contacting a metal surface with a composition, preferably a ready-to-use composition as provided herein, hi preferred embodiments, the metal surface comprises aluminum, brass, steel, iron, or copper and their alloys, particularly iron or its alloys.

[0129] In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combustion engine, a solar system, a fuel cell, an electric motor, a generator, or an electronic device comprising a composition, preferably a ready-to-use composition as described herein.

[0130] In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided the use of a compound of formula (I) as described herein as a corrosion inhibitor for ferrous metals or cast iron in a heat transfer fluid having an electrical conductivity of less than 200 μS / cm at 25° C., preferably as a corrosion inhibitor for ferrous metals or cast iron, more preferably as a corrosion inhibitor for ferrous metals or cast iron in a heat transfer fluid having an electrical conductivity of less than 100 μS / cm at 25° C. and comprising a first corrosion inhibitor as described herein.

[0131] In another aspect of the invention, a. generating heat in an electrical system, preferably a fuel cell, battery or power electronics selected from the group consisting of solar systems, fuel cells, electric motors, generators, batteries, telephone transmission stations, power electronics, radio and television broadcast stations, relay stations, electric heating or cooling devices; b. contacting a composition described herein, preferably a ready-to-use composition described herein, with the system of step a; c. transferring heat from the system to the composition; d. passing the composition through a heat exchanger; e. transferring heat from the composition; A method of exchanging heat is provided, comprising: [Example]

[0132] Electrical conductivity was preferably measured according to ASTM D1125(2014) with a Radiometer Copenhagen CDM210 conductivity meter using a Radiometer Copenhagen CDC745-9 conductivity cell and a Radiometer Copenhagen temperature sensor T201.

[0133] The concentrations of glycolate and formate in the aged compositions were determined by ion chromatography.

[0134] Example 1: Oven Test The cast iron coupons were polished using sanding paper, rinsed with ultrapure water (UPW) and acetone, dried at 100°C for 1 hour, and weighed (new coupons). The coupons were placed in bottles, and 100 mL of the composition described in Table 1 was added to the bottles. The bottles were then placed in an oven at the desired temperature. After 14 days, the bottles were removed from the oven, and the electrical conductivity and pH of the aged compositions were measured. All coupons were gently cleaned with water and a soft-bristled brush, dried, and weighed. Finally, all coupons were chemically cleaned by treatment with abrasive powder. The coupons were further cleaned with water and a soft-bristled brush (coupons CC), dried at 100°C for 1 hour, and weighed. The weight change of the cast iron UNS F10007 coupons due to aging was determined using the following formula: Δm (mg) = mass of new coupon (mg) - mass of coupon CC (mg).

[0135] The test compositions are outlined in Table 1. All values ​​are in wt.%.

[0136] [Table 1]

[0137] Table 2 illustrates the corrosion inhibition and conductivity results upon aging the compositions of Table 1 according to the procedure outlined above at a temperature of 60° C. Example 2 was tested at 40° C.

[0138] While not wishing to be bound by theory, the inventors believe that both the compound represented by Formula (I) and a first corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of triazoles, thiazoles, triazines, diazoles, and combinations thereof are required to prevent corrosion of ferrous materials while simultaneously maintaining low electrical conductivity. As can be seen from Examples 1 and 2, when both compounds are present, the pH, electrical conductivity, and corrosion of the ferrous material remain stable. However, in Comparative Examples 3 and 4, where the first corrosion inhibitor is absent, significant increases in pH and electrical conductivity are observed. In Comparative Example 5, where only the first corrosion inhibitor is present but the compound represented by Formula (I) is absent, corrosion of the ferrous metal is not prevented. Comparative Example 6 illustrates that the effects observed with the compositions of the present invention cannot be reproduced using another oxygen scavenger, such as sodium sulfite.

[0139] [Table 2]

[0140] Table 3 illustrates the performance of the composition of Example 1 when aged at various temperatures according to the procedure outlined above.

[0141] As can be observed from Table 3, the synergistic effect of heat transfer fluids containing compounds of formula (I) and corrosion inhibitors can be observed over a wide temperature range.

[0142] [Table 3]

[0143] Example 2: Oven Test The compositions in Table 4 (all values ​​in wt.%) were tested according to the procedure of Example 1. The results (60°C data) are shown in Table 5.

[0144] [Table 4]

[0145] [Table 5]

[0146] Example 3: Corrosion test in glass container In-glass corrosion tests were conducted according to the adapted ASTM D1384(2019) test procedure. The first adaptation was the use of a second aluminum coupon in the coupon set. The coupon set used consisted of copper UNS C11000-brass spacer-brass UNS C26000-Teflon spacer-steel UNS G10200-steel spacer-cast iron UNS F10007-steel spacer-aluminum Al319.1-steel spacer-aluminum AlSi10Mg(a)(T6). The application temperature was 60°C. The second adaptation was the use of the compositions listed in Table 6. That is, no dilution with corrosive water as specified in the standard was applied. After 14 days, the bottles were removed from the oven, and the electrical conductivity and pH of the aged compositions were measured. The coupon cleaning procedure and weight change were performed and obtained according to the method described in ASTM D1384(2019). The test compositions are listed in Table 6. The results are shown in Table 7.

[0147] [Table 6]

[0148] [Table 7]

[0149] Example 4: Concentrated Formulation Concentrated formulations were investigated by dissolving the compound of formula (I), the primary corrosion inhibitor, and an optional nonionic polymer at high concentrations in different base fluids. Tests were conducted with diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA), tolyltriazole, and polyvinylpyrrolidone.

[0150] Concentrations of up to 25 wt.% of the compound of formula (I) and the first corrosion inhibitor have been found to be achievable. When a nonionic polymer is also present, concentrations of up to 20 wt.% of each component are achievable. When water is used as the base fluid, solubility is limited primarily by the solubility of tolyltriazole and may be less than 20 wt.% depending on the concentrations of the other components.

Claims

1. a base fluid, a first corrosion inhibitor, and a compound represented by formula (I) 【Chemistry 1】 wherein X is either a nitrogen such that the compound of formula (I) is a hydroxylamine, or X is an oxime such that the compound of formula (I) is an imine; R １ is C １ ~C ６ Alkyl, C ３ ~C ６ selected from cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; and R ２ is hydrogen, C １ ~C ６ Alkyl, C ３ ~C ６ selected from cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; or R １ and R ２ are connected together to form a 3- to 7-membered ring. ２ ~C ６ forming an alkanediyl) and a compound represented by the formula: the base fluid is water, or alcohol, or a mixture thereof; the first corrosion inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of triazoles, thiazoles, triazines, diazoles, and combinations thereof; the weight ratio of the first corrosion inhibitor to the compound represented by formula (I) is 1:20 to 20:1; the composition has an electrical conductivity of less than 200 μS / cm at 25° C., as measured according to ASTM D1125(2014); and the first corrosion inhibitor is not selected from any of N,N',N"-tris-(2-hydroxypropyl)hexahydrotriazine, N,N',N"-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)hexahydrotriazine, 2,2',2"-(hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-triyl)-triethanol, and α,α',α"-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-(2H,4H,6H)triethanol.

2. 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first corrosion inhibitor is not selected from triazines.

3. The compound represented by formula (I) is represented by formula (Ia): 【Chemistry 2】 (In the formula, R １ is C １ ~C ６ Alkyl, C ３ ~C ６ selected from cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; and R ２ is hydrogen, C １ ~C ６ Alkyl, C ３ ~C ６ selected from cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; or R １ and R ２ are connected together to form a 3- to 7-membered ring to the C attached to the nitrogen of formula (Ia) ２ ~C ６ forming an alkanediyl, Preferably, R １ and R ２ are each independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and phenyl, more preferably R １ and R ２ are identical and are selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, butyl and phenyl, and even more preferably R １ and R ２ are both ethyl) 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein X in the compound of formula (I) is nitrogen so as to give a hydroxylamine of formula (I):

4. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first corrosion inhibitor is selected from 1,2,4-triazole, 4H-1,2,4-triazole, 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol, 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole, 1H-1,2,3-triazole, benzotriazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, tolyltriazole, 2-[2-hydroxyethyl-[(4-methylbenzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]amino]ethanol, 2-[2-hydroxyethyl-[(benzotriazolyl)methyl]amino]ethanol, and combinations thereof, more preferably selected from benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, and combinations thereof.

5. Nonionic polymers, preferably polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyalkylene oxide, C of polyalkylene oxide １ ~C １８ Alkyl or alkenyl ether, polyalkylene oxide C １ ~C １８ Alkyl or alkenyl esters, polysiloxanes, alkoxylated C １ ~C １８ 5. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 4, additionally comprising a non-ionic polymer selected from the group consisting of alkyl or alkenyl amines, polyvinyl acetate, copolymers thereof and combinations thereof, preferably selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone.

6. 6. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the composition has an electrical conductivity of less than 75 μS / cm, preferably less than 50 μS / cm, more preferably less than 25 μS / cm at 25°C.

7. 7. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, pentapropylene glycol, hexapropylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl, ethoxylated furfuryl, dimethyl ether of glycerol, sorbitol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, methoxyethanol, glycerol and mixtures thereof, preferably selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol and mixtures thereof.

8. 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the base fluid consists of 30 to 70 wt. % (based on the weight of the base fluid) water and 30 to 70 wt. % (based on the weight of the base fluid) alcohol.

9. amines, wherein said amines do not contain an N-hydroxylamine (N—OH) functional group, preferably chosen from molecules comprising 1 to 10 C atoms and consisting of the atoms C, N, H and optionally O, comprising one or more amine functional groups and optionally comprising one or more hydroxyl or ether functional groups, wherein said amines do not contain an N-hydroxylamine (N—OH) functional group and preferably do not contain any other functional groups other than said one or more amine functional groups and optionally one or more hydroxyl or ether functional groups, an aromatic alcohol selected from phenol, pyrogallol, gallic acid, gallate esters, and combinations thereof; dioxoaromatic compounds selected from benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, hydroquinone, and catechol; a secondary antioxidant selected from thiols, thioethers, and thioesters, and / or ・Nonionic surfactants The composition of any one of claims 1 to 8, additionally comprising one or more additional additives selected from:

10. A composition provided in the form of a ready-to-use composition, comprising: the concentration of the compound of formula (I) is in the range of 0.01 to 1 wt. % (based on the total weight of the ready-to-use composition), preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 wt. %, more preferably in the range of 0.06 to 0.2 wt. %, the concentration of the first corrosion inhibitor is in the range of 0.01 to 1 wt. % (based on the total weight of the ready-to-use composition), preferably in the range of 0.025 to 0.5 wt. %, more preferably in the range of 0.06 to 0.15 wt. %, and A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the ready-to-use composition comprises more than 90 wt.% of said base fluid (based on the total weight of the ready-to-use composition), preferably more than 95 wt.%, preferably more than 98 wt.%, preferably more than 98.5 wt.%.

11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the pH of the composition is in the range of 5 to 9, preferably in the range of 6 to 8.5, more preferably in the range of 6 to 8.

12. 12. The composition of claim 10 or 11, wherein the base fluid consists of 30 to 70 wt. % (based on the weight of the base fluid) water and 30 to 70 wt. % (based on the total weight of the base fluid) alcohol selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, and mixtures thereof.

13. 13. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, provided in the form of a concentrate suitable for preparing a ready-to-use composition according to any one of claims 10 to 12 by the mere addition of water and / or alcohol, preferably by the mere addition of water, monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol and / or glycerol, most preferably by the mere addition of water.

14. generating heat in an electrical system, preferably a fuel cell, battery, or power electronics, selected from the group consisting of a solar system, a fuel cell, an electric motor, a generator, a battery, a telephone transmission station, power electronics, a radio and television broadcast station, a relay station, an electric heating or cooling device; b. Contacting the composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, preferably the ready-to-use composition according to any one of claims 10 to 12, with the system of step a; c. transferring heat from the system to the composition; d. passing the composition through a heat exchanger; e. transferring heat from the composition; A method of exchanging heat, comprising:

15. 1. A method for the prevention of corrosion of ferrous metals or cast iron in a heat transfer fluid having an electrical conductivity of less than 100 μS / cm at 25° C. and comprising the step of: 【Transformation 3】 wherein X is either a nitrogen such that the compound of formula (I) is a hydroxylamine, or X is an oxime such that the compound of formula (I) is an imine; R １ is C １ ~C ６ Alkyl, C ３ ~C ６ selected from cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; and R ２ is hydrogen, C １ ~C ６ Alkyl, C ３ ~C ６ selected from cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; or R １ and R ２ are connected together to form a 3- to 7-membered ring. ２ ~C ６ forming an alkanediyl) wherein the first etch is not selected from N,N',N"-tris-(2-hydroxypropyl)hexahydrotriazine, N,N',N"-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)hexahydrotriazine, 2,2',2"-(hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-triyl)-triethanol, or α,α',α"-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-(2H,4H,6H)triethanol.

16. Use of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, preferably a ready-to-use composition according to any one of claims 10 to 12, as a heat transfer fluid.

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