Plant-based jelly nanoemulsion

Abstract

The nanoemulsion composition comprises an internal oil phase, which comprises 40 to 75% by weight of the total nanoemulsion composition of a hydrogenated vegetable oil having a melting point of 20 to 80°C, a blend of a vegetable liquid oil and a naturally occurring wax, a vegetable butter, an oligomer synthesized from a vegetable composition, or a vegetable jelly containing a combination thereof, and may additionally contain C8 to C18, preferably C10 to C14 fatty acids, and when fatty acids are present, the ratio of vegetable jelly to fatty acid is 120:1 to 2:1, preferably 20:1 to 2:1, more preferably 9:1 to 2:1, and an external water phase, which comprises water and the total nanoemulsion composition. and an external aqueous phase comprising 1.6 to 15% by weight of the nanoemulsion composition of one or more surfactants comprising an alkali metal, an ammonium salt of an acyl isethionate, an alkali metal C1-C3 alkyl acyltaurate, an acyltaurate, a zwitterionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, or a combination thereof, wherein the one or more surfactants comprising an alkali metal, an ammonium salt of an acyl isethionate, an alkali metal C1-C3 alkyl acyltaurate, an acyltaurate, or a combination thereof comprises 70% or more of all surfactants present in the external aqueous phase of the nanoemulsion.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Disclosed herein are nanoemulsion compositions and methods for making the same, which include plant-based jellies. The plant-based jellies can be classified for use as nanoemulsions. The nanoemulsion compositions include an internal oil phase that includes the plant-based jelly and may include fatty acids, and an external aqueous phase. [Background technology]

[0002] Nanoemulsions are becoming increasingly popular for use in personal care compositions because they are stable and have a large surface area relative to their unit volume.

[0003] Nanoemulsions are also desirable because they can retain active agents in their aqueous and oil phases, enhancing the penetration of the active agent through the skin and the topical benefits delivered to consumers using end-use compositions made therewith. Nanoemulsions not only provide better active agent penetration, but also improve the therapeutic effect and overall sensory benefit perceived by the consumer compared to compositions made without the nanoemulsion.

[0004] Therefore, there is growing interest in developing nanoemulsions that offer superior consumer benefits after topical use.

[0005] Vaseline jelly, a product of the petrochemical industry, is used in cosmetics as either a leave-on or rinse-off product, and provides excellent moisturizing effects due to its high occlusiveness. In recent years, plant-based ingredients have become increasingly popular in the cosmetics industry for sustainability purposes. As a result, plant-based jellies are replacing Vaseline jelly in an increasing number of cosmetics. Vaseline-free products that aim to serve as substitutes for Vaseline-based products such as Vaseline jelly may have the disadvantage that they do not have the same viscosity or feel as Vaseline-based products when used by users. For example, Vaseline-free oil-based products that can be used as a substitute for Vaseline jelly may have a lower viscosity than traditional Vaseline jelly, or the oil base may be processed, for example, by hydrogenating the oil component, resulting in a hydrogenated oil component with a thicker viscosity than its non-hydrogenated counterpart.

[0006] Oil-in-water (o / w) nanoemulsions of petrolatum jelly have been developed for skin cleansing formulations to increase the adhesion of petrolatum jelly to human skin for enhanced moisturizing effects. Due to the increasing demand for natural-sourced moisturizers to replace petrolatum jelly, it is desirable to prepare nanoemulsions of plant-based jellies for cleansing formulations. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] Therefore, there is a continuing desire to produce cleansing products containing nanoemulsions with ingredients that are more environmentally sustainable than previously known products such as petrolatum jelly. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] In various aspects, nanoemulsion compositions and methods for making the same are disclosed.

[0009] A method of classifying a plant-based jelly for use in a nanoemulsion, the method comprising: providing a plant-based jelly; combining the plant-based jelly with a C8-C18, preferably a C10-C14, fatty acid to form a mixture, wherein the ratio of plant-based jelly to fatty acid is between 30:1 and 2:1, preferably between 20:1 and 2:1, more preferably between 10:1 and 2:1, and even more preferably between 9:1 and 2:1; heating the mixture to a molten state or below 85°C; cooling the mixture to room temperature; subjecting the mixture to a heating and cooling cycle, wherein the heating and cooling cycle comprises heating from a temperature range of -80°C to -40°C to a temperature range of 80°C to 120°C, preferably from a temperature range of -70°C to -60°C to a temperature range of 90°C to 110°C; and then cooling from a temperature of 80°C to 120°C to a temperature range of -80°C to -40°C, preferably from a temperature range of 90°C to -60°C. In one embodiment, the heating and cooling cycle comprises heating from -60°C to 100°C and then cooling from 100°C to -60°C, preferably heating from -50°C to 100°C and then cooling from 100°C to -50°C, more preferably heating from -40°C to 100°C and then cooling from 100°C to -40°C. The heating and cooling rate is between 1°C / min and 15°C / min, preferably between 2°C / min and 12°C / min, more preferably between 3°C / min and 10°C / min, and even more preferably 10°C / min. The method also comprises analyzing the mixture with a differential scanning calorimeter, and selecting the plant-based jelly for use in the nanoemulsion if the area under the fatty acid-derived peak on the cooling profile is greater than 2.5 Joules / gram, preferably 2.75 Joules / gram or greater.

[0010] The nanoemulsion composition comprises an internal oil phase comprising 40 to 75% by weight of the total nanoemulsion composition of a plant-based jelly comprising a hydrogenated vegetable oil having a melting point of 20 to 80°C, a blend of a vegetable-based liquid oil and a naturally occurring wax, a vegetable butter, an oligomer synthesized from a vegetable-based composition, or a combination thereof, and optionally additionally containing C8 to C18, preferably C10 to C14 fatty acids, where the ratio of vegetable jelly to fatty acid, when fatty acids are present, is 120:1 to 2:1, preferably 20:1 to 2:1, more preferably 9:1 to 2:1, and an external water phase comprising water, and an external aqueous phase comprising 1.6 to 15% by weight of the total nanoemulsion composition of one or more surfactants comprising an alkali metal, ammonium salt of acyl isethionate, alkali metal C1-C3 alkyl alkyl taurate, acyltaurate, zwitterionic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant, or combinations thereof, wherein the one or more surfactants comprising an alkali metal, ammonium salt of acyl isethionate, alkali metal C1-C3 alkyl, alkyl taurate, or combinations thereof comprises 70% or more of all surfactants present in the external aqueous phase of the nanoemulsion.

[0011] These and other features and characteristics are described in more detail below. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] Disclosed herein are a method for classifying a plant-based jelly for use in a nanoemulsion composition, a method for producing a nanoemulsion composition, and the nanoemulsion composition itself. The method for classifying a plant-based jelly for use in a nanoemulsion comprises first providing a plant-based jelly and then combining the plant-based jelly with a C8-C18, preferably a C10-C14, fatty acid to form a mixture. The plant-based jelly and fatty acid can be present in the nanoemulsion composition in a ratio of 30:1 to 2:1, preferably 20:1 to 2:1, more preferably 10:1 to 2:1, and even more preferably 9:1 to 2:1. For example, the ratio of plant-based jelly to fatty acid can be 7.5:1 to 2:1, e.g., 5:1 to 2:1. The mixture can then be heated to a molten state, generally a liquid state achieved by heating. Generally, the mixture can be heated to a temperature of 40 to 95°C, for example, 50 to 85°C, for example, 60 to 80°C, for example, 65 to 75°C, to achieve a molten state, for example, 85°C or less. The mixture can then be cooled to room temperature. As referred to herein, room temperature generally refers to a temperature of 20°C (72°F). After cooling to room temperature, the mixture can be subjected to a heating and cooling cycle. The heating and cooling cycle can include heating from a temperature range of -80°C to -40°C to a temperature range of 80°C to 120°C, preferably from a temperature range of -70°C to -60°C to a temperature range of 90°C to 110°C, followed by cooling from a temperature of 80°C to 120°C to a temperature range of -80°C to -40°C, preferably from a temperature range of 90°C to 110°C to a temperature range of -70°C to -60°C. In one embodiment, the heating and cooling cycle comprises heating from a temperature of -60°C to 100°C and then cooling from a temperature of 100°C to -60°C, preferably heating from a temperature of -50°C to 100°C and then cooling from a temperature of 100°C to -50°C, more preferably heating from a temperature of -40°C to 100°C and then cooling from a temperature of 100°C to -40°C. The heating and cooling cycle can have a rate of 1°C / min to 15°C / min, preferably 2°C / min to 12°C / min, more preferably 3°C / min to 10°C / min, and even more preferably 10°C / min.In one embodiment, the heating and cooling cycles have a rate of 10°C / min. After the heating and cooling cycles, the mixture can be analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, and if the size of the area under the fatty acid-derived peak in the cooling profile is greater than 2.5 Joules per gram (J / g), preferably 2.75 J / g or greater, the plant-based jelly can be selected for nanoemulsion formation. For example, the size of the peak can be 3.0 J / g or greater.

[0013] Also disclosed herein are nanoemulsion compositions, which comprise an internal oil phase and an external aqueous phase.

[0014] The internal oil phase contains plant-based jelly, plus C8-C 22 , preferably C 10 ~C 14 Fatty acids may be included, and when fatty acids are present, the plant-based jelly and fatty acids are present in the internal oil phase in a ratio of 120:1, preferably 20:1, more preferably 9:1. For example, the ratio of plant-based jelly to fatty acid may be 120:1 to 2:1, such as 100:1 to 2:1, for example 75:1 to 2:1, such as 50:1 to 2:1, for example 25:1 to 2:1, such as 20:1 to 2:1, for example 15:1 to 2:1, such as 10:1 to 2:1, for example 9:1 to 2:1, such as 7.5:1 to 2:1, for example 5:1 to 2:1. The internal oil phase may comprise 40 to 75% plant-based jelly by weight of the total nanoemulsion composition. For example, the plant-based jelly can be present in an amount of 40-75% by weight of the total nanoemulsion composition, such as 50-70% by weight, such as 55-65% by weight, such as 60% by weight, based on the total nanoemulsion composition, including any and all ranges and values ​​subsumed therein.

[0015] The plant-based jelly may comprise a hydrogenated plant-based oil having a melting point of 20°C to 80°C, a blend of a liquid plant-based oil and a naturally occurring wax, a plant-based butter, an oligomerized plant-based composition, or a combination thereof.

[0016] Hydrogenated vegetable oils, with melting points between 20°C and 80°C, can be formed by adding hydrogen atoms to unsaturated bonds, such as double bonds, in the carbon chains of vegetable oils. Hydrogenated vegetable oils can be fully or partially hydrogenated, with the level of hydrogenation ranging from 1 to 100%, with 100% being fully hydrogenated. When all unsaturated bonds are saturated, the vegetable oil is fully hydrogenated (i.e., 100% hydrogenated). When some of the unsaturated bonds are saturated, the vegetable oil is partially hydrogenated. The more unsaturated bonds that are saturated, the higher the melting point of the vegetable oil. Vegetable oils include triglycerides such as soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, palm oil, olive oil, canola oil, jatropha oil, argan oil, and castor oil, as well as monoester oils such as jojoba oil.

[0017] The blend of plant-based oil and naturally occurring wax can comprise: (a) 25 to 95% by weight of a pre-blended mixture composition of a naturally occurring hydrocarbon liquid comprising (1) squalene or other plant-derived C15-23 alkane, (2) a monoester, (3) a triglyceride, or (4) a combination thereof, the oily liquid having a melting point or phase transition point below 30°C and a viscosity at room temperature of 500 Pascal·seconds (Pa·s) or less; and (b) 5 to 75% by weight of a pre-blended mixture composition of naturally occurring components comprising naturally occurring plant and vegetable waxes, naturally occurring esters of long-chain (C16-C34) fatty acids and long-chain (C16-C34) fatty alcohols, or combinations thereof, the components having a melting point above 30°C.

[0018] The plant-based butter may include shea butter, mango seed butter, olive butter, hemp seed butter, almond butter, cocoa butter, coconut butter, macadamia butter, kokum butter, babassu butter, moringa butter, jojoba butter, sunflower seed butter, or combinations thereof.

[0019] Oligomerized plant-based compositions are oligomers containing 2 to 30 repeating units, such as triglycerides, esters, and terpenes, synthesized by various polymerization methods from plant-based compositions, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, or polyols. Hydrogenation or esterification can be performed to tailor the oligomerized plant oil. Naturally occurring waxes can be added to these oligomers to tailor their thermal behavior or texture. Examples of oligomerized oils include polycitronellol (Citropol H) and polycitronellol acetate (Citropol 1A), available from P2 Science, Inc.; and Elevance Renewable Energy, which is polymerized soybean oil by self-metathesis followed by hydrogenation. Examples of suitable glycerides include hydrogenated soybean polyglycerides available from Science; BOTANIJELLY™ (e.g., BOTANIJELLY™ 105) (hydrogenated vegetable glycerides) available from Cargill, which are produced by esterification and polymerization of natural oils; CETIOL™ SoftFeel (e.g., CETIOL™ SB45, butyrospermum parkii (shea) butter), a C12-18 alkanoyl glycerin / sebacic acid copolymer available from BASF; and estolides or estolide esters, which are a type of oligomer of unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., oleic acid) or hydroxy fatty acids (e.g., 12-hydroxystearic acid) with secondary ester bonds on the alkyl backbone, such as BIOESTOLID™ 1300 from Biosythetic Technologies, which is acetyl ethylhexyl polyhydroxystearate. PELEMOL DISD, a diester formed by the reaction of isosteryl alcohol with dimer dilinoleic acid to form diisostearyl dimer dilinoleate, is available from Phoenix Chemical.

[0020] The plant-based jelly can include any combination of the plant-based jellies described above. For example, the plant-based jelly can include a combination of castor wax (e.g., Castor Wax MP-70, a hydrogenated castor oil, castor oil, and trihydroxystearin) from ACME-Hardesty and soybean oil in a ratio of 1:20 to 20:1, such as 1:15 to 15:1, such as 2:10 to 10:2, such as 2:7 to 7:2, or such as 3:6 to 6:3. In another example, the plant-based jelly can include a combination of hydrogenated vegetable glycerides (e.g., Castor Wax MP-70, a hydrogenated castor oil, castor oil, and trihydroxystearin) from ACME-Hardesty and castor oil in a ratio of 1:20 to 20:1, such as 1:15 to 15:1, such as 2:10 to 10:2, such as 2:7 to 7:2, or such as 3:6 to 6:3. In another example, the plant-based jelly may comprise a combination of hydrogenated vegetable glycerides (e.g., BOTANIJELLY™ 105 from Cargill Company). In another example, the plant-based jelly may comprise a combination of hydrogenated vegetable glycerides (e.g., BOTANIJELLY™ 105 from Cargill Company) and Moringa oil (available from Naturex) in a ratio of 20:1 to 1:20, such as 15:1 to 1:15, for example, 10:1 to 1:10, for example, 9:1 to 1:9, for example, 2:8 to 8:2, for example, 3:7 to 7:3. In yet another example, the plant-based jelly can include a combination of hydrogenated vegetable glycerides (e.g., BOTANIJELLY™ 105 from Cargill Company) and vitamin E acetate in a ratio of 20:1 to 1:20, such as 15:1 to 1:15, such as 10:1 to 1:10, such as 9:1 to 1:9, such as 2:8 to 8:2, such as 3:7 to 7:3. In another example, the plant-based jelly can include a combination of polycitronellol and Euphorbia cerifera (candelilla) wax, available commercially, for example, as CITROLATUM™ C from P2 Science Inc. In another embodiment, the plant-based jelly can include jojoba esters, available commercially, for example, as FLORAESTER™ 30 from Floratech.In another example, the plant-based jelly can include a combination of butyrospermum parkii (shea) butter (e.g., CETIOL® SB 45 available from BASF) and hydrogenated castor oil in a ratio of 20:1 to 1:20, such as 15:1 to 1:15, for example, 10:1 to 1:10, for example, 8:1 to 1:8, for example, 2:7 to 7:2, or for example, 3:6 to 6:3. In another example, the plant-based jelly can include a combination of butyrospermum parkii (shea) butter (e.g., CETIOL® SB 45 available from BASF) and trihydroxystearin in a ratio of 20:1 to 1:20, for example, 15:1 to 1:15, for example, 10:1 to 1:10, for example, 8:1 to 1:8, for example, 2:7 to 7:2, or for example, 3:6 to 6:3. In another example, the plant-based jelly may comprise a combination of moringa butter (e.g. available from Hall) and phytantriol (e.g. available from DSM) in a ratio of 1:20 to 20:1, such as 1:10 to 10:1, for example 1:9 to 9:1, for example 1:8 to 8:1, for example 1:5 to 5:1.

[0021] All of the above mentioned plant-based jellies and various combinations are preferred embodiments of the present nanoemulsions.

[0022] The external aqueous phase comprises water and one or more surfactants. The surfactants preferably include alkali metals, ammonium salts of acyl isethionates, acyl taurates, alkali metal C1-C3 alkyl acyltaurates, zwitterionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, or combinations thereof. These alkali metals, ammonium salts of acyl isethionates, alkali metal C1-C3 alkyl taurates, and acyl surfactants can comprise 70% or more of all surfactants present in the external aqueous phase of the nanoemulsion. The surfactants can be present in an amount of 1.0 to 20% by weight of the total nanoemulsion composition, e.g., 1.6 to 15% by weight of the total nanoemulsion composition. For example, the surfactants can be present in an amount of 2.0 to 15% by weight of the total nanoemulsion composition, e.g., 4.0 to 14% by weight, e.g., 5.0 to 13% by weight, e.g., 6.0 to 12% by weight, e.g., 7.5 to 10% by weight of the surfactant, including any and all ranges and values ​​subsumed therein.

[0023] Due to the diverse nature of plant-based jellies, preparing nanoemulsions can be challenging. For example, problems related to phase inversion can occur when attempting to form a crude emulsion, gelation, or phase separation after the nanoemulsion has been formed, or when the processing temperatures required for natural jellies containing high-melting-point waxes are too high, e.g., 90°C or higher. High temperatures can cause discoloration of the product, excessive evaporation of the aqueous phase, and difficulty maintaining such temperatures with conventional emulsion processing equipment.

[0024] It has been unexpectedly discovered that fatty acids can be used as a screening tool to identify which plant-based jellies can be made into stable nanoemulsions. Fatty acids can be an optional component of a nanoemulsion composition, meaning that fatty acids are not necessarily present in the nanoemulsion composition. When present in a nanoemulsion composition, fatty acids can lower the melting or freezing point of plant-based jellies containing high-melting waxes, thereby allowing nanoemulsions of such plant-based jellies to be prepared at normal processing temperatures, for example, 75°C or below.

[0025] The optional fatty acids may include lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, coconut fatty acid, isostearic acid, or combinations thereof. Preferably, the fatty acid is lauric acid.

[0026] When present, the fatty acid can be present in an amount of 0.1-15% by weight, such as 0.2-12% by weight, for example 0.25-10% by weight, for example 0.3-9% by weight, for example 0.3-8.4% by weight, for example 0.4-7% by weight, for example 0.5-0.65% by weight, based on the total weight of the nanoemulsion composition, including any and all ranges and values ​​subsumed therein.

[0027] Using a blend of 90% by weight plant-based jelly and 10% by weight fatty acid, differential scanning calorimetry can be used to characterize the plant-based jelly for use in nanoemulsion compositions. Unexpectedly, it was found that the fatty acid induces an exothermic peak during the cooling process at temperatures between 100°C and -40°C. The heating and cooling rates can be between 1°C / min and 15°C / min, preferably between 2°C / min and 12°C / min, more preferably between 3°C / min and 10°C / min, and even more preferably 10°C / min. When the area under the peak was greater than 2.5 J / g, preferably 2.75 J / g or greater, and more preferably 3.0 J / g or greater, the plant-based jelly could produce a stable nanoemulsion. However, when the area under the peak was less than 2.5 J / g or no fatty acid-induced peak was detected, a stable nanoemulsion of the plant-based jelly could not be produced.

[0028] Even more unexpectedly, it has been found that when fatty acids are present in a plant-based jelly and the natural jelly contains a high melting point wax, the presence of the fatty acids can serve to lower the melting and freezing points of the oil phase of the plant-based jelly by 1 to 20° C., e.g., 3 to 15° C. The reduction in melting and freezing points can reduce the storage temperature of the molten oil phase prior to use in a nanoemulsion, and can also reduce the processing temperature of the nanoemulsion composition by 10 to 15° C., e.g., from 100° C. to 85° C., e.g., from 90° C. to 75° C.

[0029] Methods for making nanoemulsions are also contemplated. An exemplary method includes providing a plant-based jelly and classifying the plant-based jelly according to the methods disclosed herein. If the plant-based jelly meets the criteria, i.e., the area under the peak size is greater than 2.5 J / g, preferably 2.75 J / g or greater, and more preferably 3.0 J / g or greater, the plant-based jelly can be used to form a nanoemulsion. In this method, an internal oil phase containing the plant-based jelly is heated to a temperature of 55°C or greater, e.g., 65°C to 100°C, e.g., 65°C to 75°C, and an external aqueous phase containing water and surfactants is heated to a temperature of 55°C or greater, e.g., 65°C to 100°C, e.g., 65°C to 75°C. After heating, the internal oil phase and external aqueous phase are combined to form a first emulsion in a conventional emulsion processing system. To form a nanoemulsion, the first emulsion is then passed through a high-pressure device, such as a high-pressure sonolater, at a pressure of 1000 pounds per square inch (psi) (6.9 megapascals (MPa)) or greater, e.g., 1500-5000 psi (10.3-34.5 MPa), e.g., 1500-4500 psi (10.3-31 MPa), e.g., 2000-4000 psi (13.8-27.6 MPa). Typically, the sonolater is operated at a pressure of 100-5000 psi (0 They can operate at pressures of 0.7 to 34.5 MPa. At pressures above 500 psi, 3.4 MPa, the sonolater can be referred to as a high-pressure sonolater. Nanoemulsions, once formed, contain droplets with a volume mean diameter size (D[4,3]) of a few nanometers (nm) to 750 nm, e.g., 60 nm to 500 nm, e.g., 75 nm to 350 nm, in terms of volume mean diameter D[4,3], including any and all ranges and values ​​encompassed therein.

[0030] Within the nanoemulsion, the plant-based jelly is generally present in an amount of 40% to 80%, preferably 40% to 75%, and most preferably 50 to 65%, by weight of the nanoemulsion, including any and all ranges and values ​​subsumed therein.

[0031] An optional component that can be used in the internal oil phase is an oil phase stabilizer. For example, a small amount (e.g., 0.0002 to 2%, preferably 0.0005 to 1.5%, more preferably 0.0005 to 1% by weight of the nanoemulsion) of an antioxidant may be used. For example, exemplary antioxidants may be butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), tocopherol (vitamin E), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), or a combination thereof.

[0032] C8-C10 compounds that can be used with the plant-based jellies described herein 18 The fatty acids may be branched or straight-chain, saturated or unsaturated. Caprylic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, coconut fatty acid, or a combination thereof are often preferred saturated straight-chain fatty acids. Preferred branched fatty acids include isostearic acid, isopalmitic acid, 17-methylstearic acid, 15-methylpalmitic acid, or a combination thereof.

[0033] Desirable unsaturated fatty acids for use include palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, erucic acid, nervonic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, or a combination thereof. It is within the scope of the present nanoemulsion to utilize a mixture of the aforementioned fatty acids. Longer chain fatty acids such as stearic acid, isostearic acid, or a combination thereof can be used in the nanoemulsion, particularly when the end-use composition is a leave-on care composition. Shorter chain fatty acids such as lauric acid, myristic acid, or a combination thereof may be preferred, particularly when the end-use composition is a wash-off composition.

[0034] When included, the fatty acid can be present in an amount of 0.1-10.0% by weight, such as 0.3-8.3% by weight, for example 0.5-8.0% by weight, for example 0.75-7.5% by weight, for example 1.0-7.0% by weight, for example 1.5-6.0% by weight, for example 2.0-5.5% by weight, for example 3-5% by weight of the nanoemulsion, including any and all ranges and values ​​subsumed therein. In one embodiment the weight ratio of plant based jelly to fatty acid is from 120:1 to 2:1, such as from 100:1 to 2:1, for example from 75:1 to 2:1, such as from 50:1 to 2:1, for example from 25:1 to 2:1, such as from 20:1 to 2:1, for example from 15:1 to 2:1, such as from 10:1 to 2:1, for example from 9:1 to 2:1, such as from 7.5:1 to 2:1, for example from 5:1 to 2:1. The ratio of plant-based jelly to fatty acid may be 120:1 to 2:1, such as 100:1 to 2:1, for example 75:1 to 2:1, for example 50:1 to 2:1, such as 25:1 to 2:1, for example 20:1 to 2:1, for example 15:1 to 2:1, such as 10:1 to 2:1, for example 9:1 to 2:1, for example 7.5:1 to 2:1, for example 5:1 to 2:1.

[0035] In an internal oil phase containing a vegetable jelly and a fatty acid, or in an internal oil phase containing a vegetable jelly, there is added a hydroxystearic acid (e.g., 10-hydroxystearic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, etc.) (including its esters), vitamins A, D, E, or K (and their oil-soluble derivatives), vitamin E acetate, such as octocrylene, octisalate (ethylhexyl salicylate), homosalate (3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, 2-ethylhexyl The nanoemulsions may also include oil-soluble beneficial actives such as sunscreens such as 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, 2-ethylhexyl-2-hydroxybenzoate, drometrizole trisiloxane, bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenol triazine, 2-ethylhexyl-2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl-2-propanoic acid, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, 2-ethylhexyl-2-hydroxybenzoate, or combinations thereof, which are within the scope of the present nanoemulsions and their end-use compositions.

[0036] Other optional oil-soluble benefit agents suitable for use include resorcinols such as 4-hexylresorcinol, 4-phenylethylresorcinol, 4-cyclopentylresorcinol, 4-cyclohexylresorcinol, 4-isopropylresorcinol, or combinations thereof. 5-substituted resorcinols such as 4-cyclohexyl-5-methylbenzene-1,3-diol, 4-isopropyl-5-methylbenzene-1,3-diol, or combinations thereof may also be used. 5-Substituted resorcinols and their synthesis are described in U.S. Patent No. 10,470,986.

[0037] Still other oil-soluble actives suitable for use include omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, climbazole, farnesol, ursolic acid, myristic acid, geranylgeraniol, oleyl betaine, cocoyl hydroxyethyl imidazoline, hexanoyl sphingosine, 12-hydroxystearic acid, petroselinic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, terpineol, thymol, or combinations thereof.

[0038] In one embodiment, the oil soluble beneficial active has the formula: [ka]

[0039] wherein each R is independently hydrogen or C 1~6 is an alkyl group, and X is one of the structures listed below. [ka]

[0040] Furthermore, each R' is hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl, and n is an integer from 0 to 16 (preferably, 1 to 5).

[0041] Any oil-soluble benefit agent may be a retinoic acid precursor. The retinoic acid precursor may be retinol, retinal, retinyl propionate, retinyl palmitate, retinyl acetate, or a combination thereof. Retinyl propionate, retinyl palmitate, or a combination thereof may generally be preferred.

[0042] Yet another retinoic acid precursor is hydroxyanasatyl retinoate, available commercially under the name RETEXTRA® from Molecular Design International, which may be used in admixture with the oil-soluble active agents described herein.

[0043] When used, the oil-soluble benefit agent may be present in an amount of 0.001 to 12% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 8% by weight, and more preferably 0.1 to 6% by weight of the nanoemulsion, including any and all ranges and values ​​subsumed therein.

[0044] The neutralizing agent desirable for use in neutralizing the fatty acids in the nanoemulsion can be used in topical compositions and is limited to the extent that it can neutralize up to 100% by weight of the fatty acids in the nanoemulsion. Preferred neutralizing agents include sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), triethanolamine, or a combination thereof. It is within the scope of the nanoemulsion to add a fatty acid soap, including a fatty acid soap and an additional neutralizing agent, together with or instead of the fatty acid and neutralizing agent.

[0045] The amount of neutralizing agent used to prepare the nanoemulsion is adjusted so that 10 to 100%, preferably 20 to 85%, and most preferably 35 to 65% by weight of the total fatty acids in the nanoemulsion are neutralized. In the range where the degree of neutralization of the fatty acids is greater than 70%, the fatty acids used are saturated, linear, and C 16 If so, it is especially preferred that less than 55% by weight, most preferably less than 50% by weight, of the total neutralizing agent used is NaOH.

[0046] In another preferred embodiment, when the neutralization of the fatty acids using NaOH as the neutralizing agent is greater than 70%, it is preferred that more than 45%, preferably more than 50%, by weight of the fatty acids used to make the nanoemulsion are branched and saturated and / or linear and unsaturated.

[0047] Additional anionic and amphoteric surfactants may be used when preparing nanoemulsions. If present, the nanoemulsion contains less than 6% by weight of additional surfactants, preferably 0.001 to 4% by weight.

[0048] The surfactant or any additional surfactant in the external aqueous phase can be selected from anionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, or combinations thereof. The surfactants can be selected from C8 to C 18 Alkyl groups, such as C 12 ~C 16 Alkyl groups, such as C 10 ~C 14 The surfactant may contain alkyl groups, or mixtures thereof. For example, the surfactant may contain C 10 Alkyl group, C 12 Alkyl group, C 14 The alkyl group may include a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, ... or any combination thereof.

[0049] When present, the anionic surfactants used may be, for example, primary alkanes (e.g., C8-C 22 ) sulfonates, primary alkanes (e.g., C8-C 22 ) Disulfonate, C8-C 22 Alkenesulfonates, C8-C 22 The anionic surfactants may include aliphatic sulfonates such as hydroxyalkane sulfonates or alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates (AGS) or aromatic sulfonates such as alkylbenzene sulfonates. 12~ C 18The alkyl ether sulfates may be alkyl sulfates or alkyl ether sulfates (including alkyl glyceryl ether sulfates). Among the alkyl ether sulfates are those having the formula: RO(CH2CH2O) n SO3M wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl having from 8 to 18 carbons, preferably from 12 to 18 carbons; n has an average value of at least 1.0, preferably less than 5, and most preferably from 1 to 4; and M is a solubilizing cation such as sodium, potassium, ammonium, or substituted ammonium.

[0050] Anionic surfactants also include alkyl sulfosuccinates (mono- and dialkyl, e.g., C6-C 22 alkyl and acyl taurates (often methyl taurate), alkyl and acyl sarcosinates, sulfoacetates, C8-C 22 Alkyl phosphates and phosphonates, alkyl phosphate esters and alkoxyl alkyl phosphate esters, acyl lactates, C8-C 22 Monoalkyl succinates and maleates, sulfoacetates, alkyl glucosides and acyl isethionates may also be used.

[0051] Sulfosuccinates have the formula: R 1 OC(O)CH2CH(SO3M)CO2M and may be a monoalkyl sulfosuccinate having the formula: R 1 CONHCH2CH2OC(O)CH2CH(SO3M)CO2M where R 1 is C8~C 22 It is alkyl.

[0052] Sarcosinates are generally represented by the formula:

[0053] R2 CON(CH3)CH2CO2M, where R 2 is C8~C 20 It is alkyl.

[0054] Taurates are generally identified by the formula:

[0055] R 3 CONR 4 CH2CH2SO3M where R 3 is C8~C 20 alkyl, and R 4 is C1-C4 alkyl.

[0056] M is a solubilizing cation as previously described.

[0057] The nanoemulsions disclosed herein are C8 to C 18 These esters may contain acyl isethionates. These esters are prepared by the reaction of alkali metal isethionates with mixed aliphatic fatty acids having 6 to 18 carbon atoms and an iodine value of less than 20. At least 75% of the mixed fatty acids have 12 to 18 carbon atoms and up to 25% have 6 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0058] The acyl isethionates may be alkoxylated isethionates such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,393,466, issued Feb. 28, 1995, to Ilardi et al., entitled "Fatty Acid Esters of Polyalkoxylated Isethonic Acid," which is incorporated herein by reference. The compounds have the general formula: R 5 C-(O)OC(X)HC(Y)H-(OCH2-CH2) m -SO3M where R 5 is an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbons, m is an integer from 1 to 4, X and Y are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbons, and M is the solubilizing cation described above.

[0059] In one embodiment, the anionic surfactant used is 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium perfluorononanoate, potassium lauryl sulfate, sodium alkyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium laurate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium stearate, sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium lauroyl isethionate, or a combination thereof. Such anionic surfactants are commercially available from suppliers such as Galaxy Surfactants, Clariant, Sino Lion, Stepan Company, and Innospec.

[0060] Amphoteric surfactants (which may also be zwitterionic depending on pH) include sodium acylamphoacetates, sodium acylamphopropionates, disodium acylamphodiacetates, and disodium acylamphodipropionates, where the acyl (i.e., alkanoyl group) is C7-C 18 It may contain an alkyl moiety. Examples of amphoteric surfactants include sodium lauroamphoacetate, sodium cocoamphoacetate, or a combination thereof.

[0061] Regarding the zwitterionic surfactants used, they contain at least one acid group. Such acid groups may be carboxylic or sulfonic acid groups. They often contain a quaternary nitrogen and may therefore be quaternary amino acids. They should generally contain an alkyl or alkenyl group of 7 to 18 carbon atoms and generally have the overall structural formula: R 6 -[-C(O)-NH(CH2) q -] r -N + (R 7 )(R 8 )-AB According to, where R 6 is an alkyl or alkenyl of 7 to 18 carbon atoms, and R 7 and R 8are each independently an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or carboxyalkyl group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, q is 2 to 4, r is 0 to 1, A is an alkylene group of 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted with hydroxyl, and B is -CO2- or -SO3-.

[0062] Preferred zwitterionic surfactants have the formula: R 6 -N + (R 7 )(R 8 )-CH2CO2 - The simple betaine, and the formula, R 6 -CONH(CH2) t -N + (R 7 )(R 8 )-CH2CO2 - where t is 2 or 3.

[0063] In both equations, R 6 , R 7 and R 8 is as defined above. R 6 is in particular a group R 6 C from coconut oil, such that at least half, preferably at least three-quarters, of the carbon atoms have 10 to 14 carbon atoms. 12 and C 14 R may be a mixture of alkyl groups. 7 and R 8 is preferably methyl.

[0064] A further possibility is that the zwitterionic surfactant has the formula: R 6 -N + (R 7 )(R 8 )-(CH2)3SO3 - or R 6 -CONH(CH2) u -N + (R 7 )(R8 )-(CH2)3SO3 - sulfobetaine (u is 2 or 3), or -(CH2)3SO3 - but -CH2C(OH)(H)CH2SO3 - These are variations of the above.

[0065] In these formulas, R 6 , R 7 and R 8 is as defined above.

[0066] Illustrative examples of zwitterionic surfactants suitable for use include betaines such as lauryl betaine, betaine citrate, cocodimethylcarboxymethyl betaine, cocoamidopropyl betaine, cocoalkyldimethyl betaine, and laurylamidopropyl betaine. Additional zwitterionic surfactants suitable for use include cocoamidopropyl sultaines, such as cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine. Preferred zwitterionic surfactants include lauryl betaine, betaine citrate, sodium hydroxymethylglycinate, (carboxymethyl)dimethyl-3-[(1-oxododecyl)amino]propyl ammonium hydroxide, cocoalkyldimethyl betaine, (carboxymethyl)dimethyloleylammonium hydroxide, cocoamidopropyl betaine, (carboxymethyl)dimethyloleylammonium hydroxide, cocoamidopropyl betaine, (carboxylatomethyl)dimethyl(octadecyl)ammonium, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, or combinations thereof. Such surfactants are commercially available from suppliers such as Stepan Company, Solvay, Evonik, and the use of mixtures of the above surfactants is within the scope of the nanoemulsions disclosed herein.

[0067] Nonionic surfactants may be used in the external aqueous phase of the nanoemulsion. When used, nonionic surfactants are typically used at levels as low as 0.5, 1, 1.5, or 2% by weight and as high as 6, 8, 10, or 12% by weight of the total nanoemulsion composition, including any and all ranges and values ​​encompassed therein. Nonionic surfactants that may be used include, in particular, compounds having a hydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom, such as the reaction products of aliphatic alcohols, acids, amides, or alkylphenols with alkylene oxides, especially ethylene oxide, alone or together with propylene oxide. Specific nonionic surfactant compounds include alkyl (C6-C 22 ) Phenol, ethylene oxide condensate, aliphatic (C8-C 18 ) Condensation products of primary or secondary straight-chain or branched alcohols with ethylene oxide, and products made by the condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction product of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine. Other nonionic surfactants include long-chain tertiary amine oxides, long-chain tertiary phosphine oxides, dialkyl sulfoxides, etc.

[0068] In one embodiment, the nonionic surfactant has the following structure: a) HOCH2(CH2) s (CH2CH2O) c H or b) HOOC(CH2) v (CH2CH2O) d H, where s and v are each independently an integer of 18 or less, and c and d are each independently an integer of 1 or greater. In one embodiment, s and v may each independently be 6 to 18, and c and d may each independently be 1 to 30. Other options for nonionic surfactants include fatty acid / alcohol ethoxylates of the formula HOOC(CH2) i -CH=CH-(CH2) k (CH2CH2O) zH, where i and k are each independently 5 to 15, and z is 5 to 50. In another embodiment, i and k are each independently 6 to 12, and z is 15 to 35.

[0069] The nonionic surfactant may also include a sugar amide, such as a polysaccharide amide. Specifically, the surfactant may be one of the lactobionamides described in U.S. Patent No. 5,389,279, issued February 14, 1995, to Au et al., entitled "Compositions Comprising Nonionic Glycolipid Surfactants," which is incorporated herein by reference, or one of the sugar amides described in U.S. Patent No. 5,009,814, issued April 23, 1991, to Kelkenberg, entitled "Use of N-Polyhydroxyalkyl Fatty Acid Amides as Thickeners for Liquid Aqueous Surfactant Systems," which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0070] Illustrative examples of nonionic surfactants that may be used in the cleansing compositions disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, polyglycosides, cetyl alcohol, decyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside, octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, n-octyl beta-d-thioglucopyranoside, octyl glucoside, oleyl alcohol, polysorbates, sorbitan, stearyl alcohol, or combinations thereof.

[0071] In one aspect, cationic surfactants may be used in the nanoemulsions of the present application.

[0072] One class of cationic surfactants includes heterocyclic ammonium salts such as cetyl or stearyl pyridinium chloride, alkylamidoethyl pyririnodium methyl sulfate, and pyrylium chloride.

[0073] Quaternary alkylammonium salts are another useful class of cationic surfactants for use. Examples include cetyl or stearyl trimethylammonium chloride or bromide, hydrogenated palm or tallow trimethylammonium halide, behenyl trimethylammonium halide or methyl sulfate, decylisononyl dimethylammonium halide, ditallow (or distearyl) dimethylammonium halide, and behenyl dimethylammonium chloride.

[0074] Still other types of cationic surfactants that can be used are various ethoxylated quaternary amines and ester quats. Examples include PEG-5 stearyl ammonium lactate (e.g., Clariant's Genamin KSL), PEG-2 coco ammonium chloride, PEG-15 hydrogenated tallow ammonium chloride, PEG 15 stearyl ammonium chloride, dipalmitoyl ethyl methyl ammonium chloride, dipalmitoyl hydroxyethyl methyl sulfate, and stearylamidopropyl dimethylamine lactate.

[0075] Still other useful cationic surfactants include quaternized hydrolysates of silk, wheat, and keratin proteins, and it is within the scope of the present cleansing compositions to use mixtures of the above cationic surfactants.

[0076] When used, the cationic surfactant comprises no more than 1.0% by weight of the total weight of the nanoemulsion. When present, the cationic surfactant typically comprises 0.01-0.7%, more typically 0.1-0.5%, by weight of the total weight of the nanoemulsion, including any and all ranges subsumed therein.

[0077] Preferred anionic surfactants that can be used include sodium acyl isethionate, sodium acyl methyl isethionate, sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, sodium trideceth sulfate, sodium lauryl ether sulfate-3EO, acyl glutamate, acyl glycinate, lauroyl sarcosinate, acyl sarcosinate, or mixtures thereof.Optional amphoteric surfactants suitable for such use include cocobetaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium lauroamphoacetate, lauramidopropyl hydroxysultaine, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, or combinations thereof.

[0078] In a preferred embodiment, no water-miscible liquid is used in the aqueous phase. Preferably, water comprises at least 25% by weight of the external aqueous phase, preferably at least 50% by weight of the external aqueous phase, and even more preferably at least 75%.

[0079] In a preferred embodiment, the external aqueous phase comprises water and a water-miscible liquid, preferably the water-miscible liquid comprising 5-75% by weight of the aqueous phase.

[0080] In another preferred embodiment, the external aqueous phase comprises water and a surfactant, the surfactant comprising 1.5 to 15% by weight of the total weight of the nanoemulsion.

[0081] With regard to the external aqueous phase (water, water mixed with a water-miscible liquid, water and a surfactant, water, a surfactant and a water-miscible liquid mixed therewith), this typically constitutes 20-55% by weight, preferably 25-45% by weight, and most preferably 30-40% by weight of the total weight of the nanoemulsion.

[0082] Preferred water-miscible liquids include those classified as humectants, such as glycerol, sorbitol, hydroxypropyl sorbitol, hexylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, ethoxylated glycerin, propoxylated glycerin, or mixtures thereof.

[0083] For example, the water-miscible liquid used may be glycerol. Typically, the weight ratio of water-miscible liquid to water is 1:3 to 3:1, preferably 1:2.5 to 2.5:1, and most preferably 1.5:1 to 1:1.5, including all ratios subsumed therein.

[0084] It is within the scope of the present invention to include water-soluble actives in the aqueous phase of the nanoemulsion. Such water-soluble actives are limited only to the extent that they can be used in topical compositions. Illustrative examples of water-soluble actives that can be used in the present invention include niacinamide, picolinamide, ascorbic acid, salicylic acid, dihydroxyacetone, extracts such as pomegranate extract, vitamins such as vitamin C, and sunscreens such as benzophenone-4 and salts of phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid. Mixtures and water-soluble derivatives thereof can also be used. Typically, when used in nanoemulsions, the water-soluble actives comprise 0.0 to 6%, preferably 0.001 to 5%, and most preferably 0.01 to 4%, based on the total weight of the nanoemulsion, including any and all ranges subsumed therein.

[0085] To produce nanoemulsions, the components are first mixed (i.e., oil phase into water phase, water phase into oil phase, or simultaneously) in a conventional mixing vessel equipped with a rotor / stator high shear device to produce a macroemulsion. The high shear mixing device used can be in-line or in-vessel and is commercially available from suppliers such as ESCO-LABOR AG and Silverson®. The produced macroemulsions typically have a volume average droplet size (D[4,3]) of less than 8 micrometers, preferably less than 5 micrometers, and most preferably less than 2 micrometers, as measured with an art-recognized Malvern Mastersizer. The rotor speed is often 1,000 to 8,000 revolutions per minute (rpm), preferably 2,000 to 7,500 rpm, and most preferably 3,000 to 7,000 rpm. The time required to homogeneously mix the components is the theoretical minimum acceptable time to obtain the desired homogeneous macroemulsion.

[0086] Alternatively, macroemulsions may be made in a continuous mode by simultaneously feeding the internal oil phase and the external water phase into a low-pressure homogenizer (e.g., a low-pressure sonolator), which typically operates at 100 to less than 500 pounds per square inch (psi) (0.7 MPa to 3.45 MPa) and is commercially available from Sonic Corporation of Connecticut, USA.

[0087] The prepared macroemulsion is then passed through a device, such as a high-pressure device, i.e., a high-pressure homogenizer, to form the desired nanoemulsion. Suitable high-pressure homogenizers are art-recognized devices capable of operating at 600 to 7000 psi (4.14 to 48.3 MPa), preferably 900 to 6000 psi (6.2 to 41.4 MPa), and most preferably 1000 to 5500 psi (6.89 to 37.9 MPa) to produce nanoemulsions. Suitable devices are commercially available from BEE International, Massachusetts, USA (manufacturer of the DeBee series homogenizers) and Sonic Corporation, Connecticut, USA (manufacturer of high-pressure sonolators).

[0088] When a water-miscible liquid is included in the aqueous (external aqueous) phase and a fatty acid is included in the oil phase, high-pressure homogenization is not required to produce nanoemulsions of the diameter sizes described above. Thus, nanoemulsions of the desired diameter are produced simply by mixing under the conditions described above for low-pressure homogenizers, e.g., in a commercially available rotor / stator apparatus (or low-pressure homogenizer) typically operating at 100 to less than 500 pounds per square inch (psi) (0.689 MPa to 3.45 MPa).

[0089] In one embodiment, the water-miscible liquid comprises 25-75% by weight of the water-miscible phase, and the nanoemulsion is produced without homogenization above 500 psi (3.45 MPa).

[0090] In one embodiment, the aqueous phase containing the water-soluble ingredients and the internal oil phase containing the oil-soluble ingredients are first mixed and prepared, respectively, before all ingredients are mixed in a high shear mixer. If the phases are unclear and / or not homogenous, it is within the scope to separately heat each phase to a temperature of 30 to 85°C, preferably 40 to 80°C, and most preferably 45 to 75°C, until a homogenous solution or mixture is obtained.

[0091] The pH of the resulting nanoemulsion is typically from 5 to 10, preferably from 6.5 to 8.5, including any and all ranges and values ​​subsumed therein.

[0092] The nanoemulsions can be used as end-use compositions and thus can be applied topically by consumers directly to the hair and / or skin. It is also within the scope of the present nanoemulsions to be added to commercially available end-use products to enhance the effectiveness of such end-use products.

[0093] Because nanoemulsions are water continuous, it is preferred that the end-use compositions used with the nanoemulsions are also water continuous.

[0094] If the nanoemulsion is not the end-use composition, the consumer is instructed to manually mix the nanoemulsion and the end-use composition (leave-on or wash-off) until a homogeneous mixture is created. Once a homogeneous mixture is obtained, the product can then be used topically. In the most preferred embodiment, when the nanoemulsion and end-use composition are mixed, 2-50% by weight, preferably 5-35% by weight, and most preferably 10-25% by weight of the nanoemulsion is used, based on the total weight of the nanoemulsion and end-use composition, including any and all ranges and values ​​subsumed therein.

[0095] Because water is present, conventional preservatives found in topical consumer products can be used. The preservative typically comprises 0.01 to 3% by weight of the total weight of the nanoemulsion, e.g., 0.01 to 2.0% by weight of the total weight of the nanoemulsion, including any and all ranges and values ​​encompassed therein. If desired, a preservative can be incorporated into the concentrated cleansing composition to protect against the growth of potentially harmful microorganisms. Cosmetic chemists are familiar with appropriate preservatives and routinely select them to meet preservative challenge tests and provide product stability.

[0096] Preservatives suitable for use include hydantoin derivatives and propionates. Particularly preferred preservatives include iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, phenoxyethanol, 1,2-alkanediol, hydroxyacetophenone, ethylhexylglycerin, hexylene glycol, methylparaben, propylparaben, benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, potassium sorbate, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, caprylyl glycol (CAPG), 1,2-octanediol, hydroxyacetophenone, ethylhexylglycerin, hexylene glycol, methylparaben, propylparaben, imidazolidinyl urea, sodium dehydroacetate, dimethyl-dimethyl (DMDM) hydantoin, or combinations thereof. Other preservatives include sodium dehydroacetate, chlorophenesin, decylene glycol, or combinations thereof. Preservatives should be selected taking into account the intended use of the composition and possible incompatibilities between the preservative and other ingredients in the nanoemulsion. Preservatives are preferably used in amounts ranging from 0.01% to 2.0% by weight of the total end-use composition (up to 7% by weight of the total concentrated cleansing composition), including any and all ranges subsumed therein. Preservatives include sodium benzoate, benzoic acid, potassium sorbate, or combinations thereof.

[0097] Fragrances, fixatives, opacifiers (such as titanium dioxide or glycol distearate), and chelating agents may also be included in the nanoemulsion. Possible chelating agents include, but are not limited to, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid pentasodium salt, N-(hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid trisodium salt, the acid form of EDTA, sodium thiocyanate, the trisodium salt of methylglycine diacetic acid, tetrasodium glutamate diacetate, and phytic acid. Preferably, the chelating agent is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS), or a combination thereof. Each of these substances can be present in an amount of 0.03 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.05 to 0.09%, of the total weight of the nanoemulsion, including any and all ranges and values ​​subsumed therein.

[0098] Emulsifiers with an HLB greater than 8 may be used. Illustrative examples include Tween 40, 60, 80, Polysorbate 20, or combinations thereof. Typically, emulsifiers for water-continuous systems comprise 0.3-2.5% by weight of the total weight of the nanoemulsion.

[0099] Humectants can be used as additives in nanoemulsions to help moisturize the skin when the emulsion is used topically. These are generally polyhydric alcohol-type materials. Typical polyhydric alcohols include glycerol (i.e., glycerin), propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol (e.g., PPG-9), polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, hydroxypropyl sorbitol, hexylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, isoprene glycol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, ethoxylated glycerol, propoxylated glycerol, or a combination thereof. Glycerin, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, or a combination thereof is most preferred. In one embodiment, the humectant may be propylene glycol, butylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, glycerin, triethylene glycol, erythritol, caprylyl glycol, hyaluronic acid, or a combination thereof.

[0100] Often, the humectant comprises 0.0 to 35%, preferably 0.001 to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 15% by weight (most preferably 0.75 to 12% by weight) of the total weight of the nanoemulsion, including any and all ranges and values ​​subsumed therein.

[0101] Thickeners are optionally suitable for use in nanoemulsions. Polysaccharides are particularly useful. Examples include fibers, starches, natural / synthetic gums, and cellulose. Representative examples of starches are modified starches such as sodium hydroxypropyl starch phosphate and aluminum starch octenyl succinate. Tapioca starch is often preferred, as is maltodextrin. Suitable gums include xanthan, sclerotium, pectin, karaya, arabic, agar, guar (including acacia senegal guar), carrageenan, alginate, or combinations thereof. Suitable celluloses include hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (cellulose gum / carboxymethylcellulose), and cellulose (e.g., cellulose microfibrils, cellulose nanocrystals, or microcrystalline cellulose). Sources of cellulose microfibrils include secondary cell wall materials (e.g., wood pulp, cotton), bacterial cellulose, and primary cell wall materials. Preferably, the source of primary cell wall material is selected from parenchyma from fruits, roots, bulbs, tubers, seeds, leaves, and combinations thereof, more preferably from citrus fruits, tomato fruits, peach fruits, pumpkin fruits, kiwi fruits, apple fruits, mango fruits, sugar beet, beetroot, turnip, parsnip, corn, oats, wheat, peas, and combinations thereof, and even more preferably from citrus fruits, tomato fruits, and combinations thereof. The most preferred source of primary cell wall material is parenchyma from citrus fruits. Citrus fiber, such as that available under the trademark AQ Plus by HERBACEL®, can also be used as a source of cellulose microfibrils.The cellulose source can be surface modified by any of the known methods, including those described in "Nanofibrillated cellulose: surface modification and potential applications" by Kalia et al., Colloidal Polymer Science, Vol. 292, Pages 5-31 (2014).

[0102] In addition to polymeric viscosity aids, synthetic polymers, another type of effective thickener, may be used. This category includes crosslinked polyacrylates such as carbomers, polyacrylamides such as SEPIGEL® 305, and taurate copolymers such as SIMULGEL® EG and ARISTOFLEX® AVC, identified by their respective INCI nomenclature as sodium acrylate / sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate and acryloyldimethyltaurate / vinylpyrrolidone copolymers. Another preferred synthetic polymer suitable for thickening is the acrylate-based polymer marketed by Seppic and sold under the name SIMULGEL® INS100. Calcium carbonate, fumed silica, and magnesium-aluminum silicate may also be used.

[0103] Carbomer may also be used as a suspending agent and may be present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5% by weight, for example 0.2 to 0.4% by weight, based on the total weight of the cleansing composition.

[0104] The amount of optional thickener, if used, can range from 0.001 to 5% by weight of the composition. Maltodextrin, xanthan gum, and carboxymethylcellulose are often preferred optional thickeners. In one embodiment, the thickener can include sodium chloride, silica, bentonite, magnesium aluminum silicate, carbomer, cellulose, or a combination thereof.

[0105] The droplets of the nanoemulsions disclosed herein typically have a volume mean diameter size (D[4,3]) of 750 nm or less, preferably 60 nm to 500 nm, and more preferably 75 to 350 nm ("volume mean diameter" or "volume mean size" are also used interchangeably).

[0106] Nanoemulsions with droplet sizes in these ranges can be obtained using devices such as high-pressure homogenizers, e.g., high-pressure sonolators. The pressure used can be 5000 psi or less, preferably 4500 psi or less (34.5 MPa or less, 31 MPa or less).

[0107] A wide variety of packaging can be used to store and release nanoemulsions. Packaging often depends on the type of personal care end use. For example, leave-on skin lotions and creams, shampoos, conditioners, and shower gels generally use plastic containers with an opening at the dispensing end covered by a closure. Typical closures are screw caps, non-spray pumps, and flip-top hinged lids. Packaging for antiperspirants, deodorants, and depilatories may include containers with a roll-on ball at the dispensing end. Alternatively, these types of personal care products may be released as a formulation in a container with a push / rebound mechanism. Metal cans pressurized by compressed gas and equipped with a spray nozzle serve as packaging for antiperspirants, shaving creams, and other personal care products.

[0108] As used herein, skin is meant to include the skin of the arms (including armpits), face, feet, neck, chest, hands, legs, buttocks, and scalp (including hair). End-use compositions (water- or oil-continuous, but preferably water-continuous) are compositions for topical use, including creams, lotions, balms, serums, gels, mousses, aerosols, deodorants, antiperspirants, shampoos, conditioners, makeup, and personal washes, including bars and liquids. Such end-use compositions may be nanoemulsions or nanoemulsions added to end-use compositions. Benefit actives are oil-soluble ingredients that provide a benefit to the skin after topical application. Oils, as used herein, are intended to include substances with a melting point below 75°C, including oils that are benefit actives, such as sunscreens. High pressure, as defined herein, means 600 psi or greater, preferably greater than 850 psi. In one embodiment, the end-use compositions are water-continuous, similar to the nanoemulsions of the present invention. In another embodiment, the end use composition is a leave-on skin lotion or cream, or a solid or liquid personal wash composition.

[0109] As used herein, viscosity is measured using a Discovery HR-2 rheometer with sandblasted plates having a 1000 micron gap, and the first viscosity, V A 0.4 seconds -1 First shear rate S A , and the second viscosity V B 10s against -1 The second shear rate S B All at 25°C and 20 second intervals.

[0110] Unless otherwise expressly indicated, all numbers herein expressing quantities of ingredients or reaction conditions, physical properties of materials and / or uses are to be understood as modified by the word "about." All amounts are based on the weight of the final composition unless otherwise specified.

[0111] It should be noted that when specifying any range of concentrations or amounts, any particular upper concentration limit can be associated with any particular lower concentration limit or amount, as well as any subranges used therein. In that regard, it should be noted that all ranges disclosed herein are inclusive of the endpoints, and the endpoints are independently combinable with each other (e.g., "up to 25% by weight, or more specifically, in the range of 5% to 20% by weight" includes the endpoints of the range of 5% to 25% by weight and all intermediate values, etc.). "Combinations" include blends, mixtures, alloys, reaction products, and the like. Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and the like herein does not denote order, quantity, or importance, but rather is used to distinguish one element from another. The terms "a," "an," and "the" herein do not imply quantitative limitations and should be construed to encompass both the singular and the plural unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. As used herein, the suffix "(s)" is intended to include both the singular and the plural of the word it modifies, thereby including one or more of that word (e.g., film(s) includes one or more films). Throughout this specification, references to "one embodiment," "one aspect," "another embodiment," "another aspect," "embodiment," "aspect," and the like mean that a particular element (e.g., a feature, structure, and / or characteristic) described in connection with an embodiment or aspect is included in at least one embodiment or aspect described herein and may or may not be present in other embodiments or aspects. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the described elements can be combined in any suitable manner in the various embodiments or aspects.

[0112] All cited patents, patent applications, and other references are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. However, if a term in this application conflicts or contradicts with a term in an incorporated reference, the term in this application shall control over the conflicting term in the incorporated reference. While certain embodiments have been described, alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents that are not presently foreseen or may not be anticipated may occur to applicant or others skilled in the art. Accordingly, the appended claims as filed, and as optionally amended, are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents.

[0113] For the avoidance of doubt, the word "comprising" is intended to mean "including" but not necessarily "consisting of" or "composed of." In other words, the listed steps, options, or alternatives need not be exhaustive.

[0114] The disclosure of the present invention found herein should be construed as covering all aspects found in the claims as multiple dependent on one another, regardless of the fact that the claims may be found without multiple dependency or redundancy. Unless otherwise specified, numerical ranges expressed in the format "from x to y" are understood to include x and y. When specifying any range of values ​​or amounts, any particular upper value or amount can be associated with any particular lower value or amount. All percentages and ratios contained herein are calculated by weight unless otherwise indicated. Various features of the present invention mentioned in individual sections above apply mutatis mutandis to other sections, as appropriate. Thus, features specified in one section can be combined with features specified in other sections, as appropriate. Any section headings are added for convenience only and are not intended to limit the disclosure in any way.

[0115] The following is a brief description of the drawings, in which like elements are numbered alike, and which are presented for the purpose of illustrating, but not for the purpose of limiting, the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0116] [Figure 1] 1 is a graphical representation of heat flow versus temperature for a plant-based jelly with and without fatty acids. [Figure 2] 1 is a graphical representation of heat flow versus temperature for a plant-based jelly with and without fatty acids. [Figure 3] 1 is a graphical representation of heat flow versus temperature for a plant-based jelly with and without fatty acids. [Figure 4] 1 is a graphical representation of heat flow versus temperature for a plant-based jelly with and without fatty acids. [Figure 5] 1 is a graphical representation of heat flow versus temperature for a plant-based jelly with and without fatty acids. [Figure 6] 1 is a graphical representation of heat flow versus temperature for a plant-based jelly with and without fatty acids. [Figure 7] 1 is a graphical representation of heat flow versus temperature for a plant-based jelly with and without fatty acids. [Figure 8] 1 is a graphical representation of heat flow versus temperature for a plant-based jelly with and without fatty acids. [Figure 9] 1 is a graphical representation of heat flow versus temperature for a plant-based jelly with and without fatty acids. [Figure 10] 1 is a graphical representation of heat flow versus temperature for a plant-based jelly with and without fatty acids. [Figure 11] 1 is a graphical representation of heat flow versus temperature for a plant-based jelly with and without fatty acids.

[0117] [Example] The following examples are merely illustrative of how to categorize the plant-based jelly and nanoemulsion compositions disclosed herein and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0118] Preparation of plant-based jellies with and without fatty acids Various plant-based jellies were provided or prepared for classification by DSC analysis and preparation of nanoemulsions. Table 1 lists the commercially available and prepared plant-based jellies used for DSC characterization. [Table 1]

[0119] Jellies #4, #6, and #7 were commercially available and were not modified. Jelly #4, BOTANIJELLY™ 105, was an oligomer produced by esterification and polymerization of natural oils. Jelly #6, FLORAESTER™ 30, was a transesterified form of jojoba esters with a melting point of approximately 47 to 51°C. Jelly #7, CITROLATUM™ C, was a blend of candelilla wax and polycitronellol, a liquid polymer with approximately 2 to 20 repeating units. Jelly #11, BIOESTOLIDE™ 1300, was an oligomer synthesized by reacting 12-hydroxystearic acid and both ends capped with acetic acid and ethylhexyl alcohol. The remaining jellies were prepared by combining the ingredients in a glass container, heating in an 85°C water bath until melted, removing from the water bath, and cooling to room temperature of approximately 20 to 25°C. For jellies containing a blend of ingredients, the ratio of one ingredient to another is indicated in the description in Table 1. For example, Jelly #1 is a blend of castor wax MP 70 and soybean oil in a 2:7 ratio. Castor wax MP 70 is a partially hydrogenated castor oil with a melting point of 68-72°C. Jelly #2 is a blend of CETIOL® SB 45 and fully hydrogenated castor oil in an 8:1 ratio. CETIOL® SB 45 is shea butter with a melting point of 42-46°C, while fully hydrogenated castor oil has a melting point of 86-88°C. When a combination of ingredients is listed in Table 1, the ratio of the ingredients is listed in parentheses following the description. For example, in Plant-Based Jelly #1, the blend of castor wax and soybean oil was in a 2:7 ratio.

[0120] Separately, each jelly listed in Table 1 was combined with lauric acid in a 9:1 ratio, heated in an 85°C water bath until melted, and then cooled to room temperature of about 20 to about 25°C.

[0121] DSC characterization of plant-based jellies with and without fatty acids In this process, the plant-based jelly and the plant-based jelly combined with fatty acids were analyzed using DSC to determine their feasibility for use in nanoemulsions. The fatty acid used was lauric acid, and the plant-based jelly to fatty acid ratio was 9:1.

[0122] To determine which plant-based jellies would be successful in nanoemulsion compositions, DSC analysis was performed on a TA Instruments DSC Q1000 by performing a heating and cooling cycle from -40°C to 100°C, followed by cooling from 100°C to -40°C. The heating and cooling rate was 10°C / min. Data analysis was performed using Universal Analysis 2000. The "integrate peak linear" function was used to determine the area under a specific peak and the peak temperature.

[0123] Figures 1 to 11 show the heat flow curves of plant-based jellies with (dashed line) and without (solid line) lauric acid. When fatty acids were present, an extra peak was observed in the profile during the cooling process. The area and peak temperature were obtained using the "integrate peak linear" function in Universal Analysis 2000 and are shown in Table 2.

[0124] The peak areas of the lauric acid-derived peaks for Jellies #1-#11 ranged from 13.4 to 0 Joules per gram (J / g), and the peak temperatures were between -27°C and 2°C. In Figure 1, Jelly #1, a blend of castor wax MP 70 and a soybean oil blend (2 / 7), produced a peak area of ​​13.40 J / g and a peak temperature of -2.38°C in the presence of lauric acid. Jelly #10, a blend of moringa butter and a phytantriol blend (1 / 9), did not produce a lauric acid-derived peak, as shown in Figure 10. [Table 2]

[0125] As shown in Figures 1 through 10, the inclusion of fatty acids in plant-based jellies decreased the freezing point of the plant-based jellies. For example, in Figure 3, Jelly #3 shifts its freezing point onset from 60.6°C to 52.32°C when lauric acid is present. When lauric acid is mixed with Jelly #3, the 8.3°C decrease in the freezing point onset reduces the processing temperature of Jelly #3 into a nanoemulsion by approximately 8°C.

[0126] Nanoemulsion Examples and Comparative Examples Nanoemulsions are typically formed in a two-stage process. The first stage was used to form a coarse emulsion. The internal oil phase and the external water phase were separately heated to a maximum of 75°C (55-75°C) until each phase was clear and homogeneous (the oil phase was heated to 55-75°C or until melted). The internal oil phase was then combined with the external water phase through thorough mixing. Thorough mixing can be achieved by conventional means, including blending the materials in a stirred tank, passing the mixture through a rotor / stator mixer such as a Silverson® high-shear inline mixer, or mixing in a vessel with a high-shear mixer such as a Scott® Turbon mixer. Alternatively, coarse emulsions can be created using continuous high-shear mixing equipment, such as a standard sonolator device manufactured by Sonic Corporation of Connecticut. These standard sonolators typically operate at pressures of 200-500 psi (1.4-3.4 MPa) to form the coarse emulsion.

[0127] The second stage of the process involved passing the coarse emulsion through a high-pressure homogenizer to form a nanoemulsion at pressures of 1500 to 5000 psi (10.3 to 34.4 MPa) to achieve the desired droplet size of 75 to 350 nm in volume mean diameter (D[4,3]) as measured by a Malvern Mastersizer 3000. The high-pressure homogenizers used were the Nano DeBee homogenizer from BEE International (Massachusetts, USA) and a high-pressure sonolator device manufactured by Sonic Corporation of Connecticut, USA. These devices can be operated at pressures of 1000 to 5000 psi (6.9 to 34.4 MPa) to produce nanoemulsions with droplet sizes of less than 400 nm in volume mean diameter (D[4,3]). Homogenizers from other suppliers may also be used, as long as they are capable of operating at pressures of 1000 to 5000 psi (6.9 to 34.4 MPa). [Table 3]

[0128] [Table 4]

[0129] As can be seen from the results in Table 4, stable nanoemulsions could be formed from plant-based jellies when the peak area was greater than 2.5 J / g. As demonstrated by the nanoemulsion examples and comparative examples listed in Table 3, such nanoemulsions could not be formed when the peak area was less than 2.5 J / g.

Claims

1. 1. A method for classifying a plant-based jelly for use in a nanoemulsion, comprising: Providing plant-based jelly; The plant-based jelly and C ８ ~C １８ , preferably C １０ ~C １４ and a fatty acid to form a mixture, wherein the plant-based jelly and fatty acid are in a ratio of 30:1 to 2:1, preferably 20:1 to 2:1, more preferably 10:1 to 2:1, and even more preferably 9:1 to 2:1; heating the mixture until the mixture is in a molten state or reaches a temperature of 85°C or less; cooling the mixture to room temperature; subjecting the mixture to heating and cooling cycles, wherein the heating and cooling cycles comprise heating from a temperature range of -80°C to -40°C to a temperature range of 80°C to 120°C, preferably from a temperature range of -70°C to -60°C to a temperature range of 90°C to 110°C, followed by cooling from a temperature of 80°C to 120°C to a temperature range of -80°C to -40°C, preferably from a temperature of 90°C to 110°C to a temperature range of -70°C to -60°C, wherein the heating and cooling rate is from 1°C / min to 15°C / min, preferably from 2°C / min to 12°C / min, more preferably from 3°C / min to 10°C / min, and even more preferably 10°C / min; analyzing the mixture by differential scanning calorimetry; and selecting the plant-based jelly for the nanoemulsion if the area under the fatty acid-derived peak on the cooling profile is greater than 2.5 Joules / gram, preferably 2.75 Joules / gram or greater; A method comprising:

2. 1. A method of making a nanoemulsion, comprising: To form the mixture, ８ ~C １８ , preferably C １０ ~C １４ providing a plant-based jelly combined with fatty acids, wherein the ratio of said plant-based jelly to fatty acids is between 30:1 and 2:1, preferably between 20:1 and 2:1, more preferably between 10:1 and 2:1, and even more preferably between 9:1 and 2:1; Classifying the plant-based jelly and fatty acid mixture according to the method of claim 1, wherein the plant-based jelly and fatty acid mixture is selected to form the nanoemulsion if the area under the fatty acid-derived peak on the cooling profile is greater than 2.5 Joules / gram, preferably 2.75 Joules / gram or greater. heating the internal oil phase containing the plant-based jelly to a temperature of 55°C or higher; heating an outer aqueous phase comprising water and a surfactant mixture to a temperature of 55°C or greater; combining the internal oil phase and the external aqueous phase to form a first emulsion; and passing the first emulsion through an apparatus at a pressure of at least 1000 psi (6.9 MPa) to form the nanoemulsion; A method comprising:

3. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the area under the peak is greater than or equal to 3.0 Joules / gram.

4. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the plant-based jelly comprises a hydrogenated plant-based oil having a melting point of 20 to 80°C, a blend of a liquid plant-based oil and a naturally occurring wax, a plant-based butter, an oligomer synthesized from a plant-based composition, or a combination thereof.

5. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the hydrogenated vegetable-based oil having a melting point of 20 to 80°C includes fully hydrogenated oils in which all double bonds are saturated by the addition of hydrogen to the double bonds, and partially hydrogenated oils in which less than 100% of the double bonds are saturated, and preferably the oil includes soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, palm oil, olive oil, canola oil, jatropha oil, argan oil, castor oil, partially or fully hydrogenated monoester oil, or a combination thereof.

6. 6. The method of claims 4 and 5, wherein the blend of plant-based liquid oil and naturally occurring wax comprises (a) 25 to 95% by weight of a pre-blended mixture composition of naturally occurring liquid oil comprising (1) squalene, (2) monoester, (3) triglyceride, or (4) a combination thereof, wherein the liquid oil has a melting point or phase transition point of less than 30°C and a viscosity of 500 Pa s or less at room temperature, and (b) 5 to 75% by weight of a pre-blended mixture composition of naturally occurring components comprising naturally occurring plant waxes and vegetable waxes, wherein the components have a melting point of greater than 30°C.

7. 7. The method of claims 4 and 6, wherein the plant-based butter comprises shea butter, mango seed butter, olive butter, almond butter, cocoa butter, coconut butter, macadamia butter, kokum butter, babassu butter, moringa butter, jojoba butter, sunflower seed butter, or a combination thereof.

8. 8. The method of claims 4 and 7, wherein the oligomers synthesized from plant-based compositions include polycitronellol and polycitronellol acetate, hydrogenated soy polyglycerides, C12-C18 alkanoyl glycerin / sebacic acid copolymer, acetyl ethylhexyl polyhydroxystearate, diisostearyl dimer dilinoleate, or combinations thereof.

9. 9. The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the fatty acid comprises lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, coconut fatty acid, or a combination thereof, preferably the fatty acid is lauric acid.

10. 3. A nanoemulsion made by the process of claim 2, wherein the nanoemulsion composition comprises: An internal oil phase comprising: 40 to 75% by weight of the total nanoemulsion composition of a plant-based jelly containing a hydrogenated plant-based oil having a melting point of 20 to 80°C, a blend of a plant-based liquid oil and a naturally occurring wax, a plant-based butter, an oligomer synthesized from a plant-based composition, or a combination thereof; and C ８ ~C １８ , preferably C １０ ~C １４ an internal oil phase which may contain fatty acids, and when present, the plant-based jelly and fatty acids are present in a ratio of 120:1 to 2:1, preferably 20:1 to 2:1, more preferably 9:1 to 2:1; and an external aqueous phase, water, and an external aqueous phase comprising 1.6 to 15% by weight of the total nanoemulsion composition of one or more surfactant compositions comprising an alkali metal, an ammonium salt of an acyl isethionate, an alkali metal C1-C3 alkyl acyltaurate, an acyltaurate, a zwitterionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, or a combination thereof, wherein the one or more surfactants comprising an alkali metal, an ammonium salt of an acyl isethionate, an alkali metal C1-C3 alkyl alkyl taurate, an acyltaurate, or a combination thereof comprises 70% or more of all surfactants present in the external aqueous phase of the nanoemulsion; A nanoemulsion composition comprising:

11. 12. The nanoemulsion of claim 11, comprising 0.33% to 8.33% fatty acids.

12. 12. The nanoemulsion of claim 10 or 11, wherein the blend of plant-based liquid oil and naturally occurring wax comprises (a) 25 to 95% by weight of a pre-blended mixture composition of naturally occurring liquid oil comprising (1) squalene, (2) monoester, (3) triglyceride, or (4) a combination thereof, wherein the liquid oil has a melting point or phase transition point of less than 30°C and a viscosity of 500 Pa·s or less at room temperature, and (b) 5 to 75% by weight of a pre-blended mixture composition of naturally occurring constituent materials comprising naturally occurring plant waxes and vegetable waxes, wherein the constituent materials have a melting point greater than 30°C.

13. 12. The nanoemulsion of claim 10 or 11, wherein the plant-based butter comprises shea butter, mango seed butter, olive butter, almond butter, cocoa butter, coconut butter, macadamia butter, kokum butter, babassu butter, moringa butter, or a combination thereof.

14. 12. The nanoemulsion of claim 10 or claim 11, wherein the oligomer synthesized from a plant-based composition comprises polycitronellol and polycitronellol acetate, hydrogenated soy polyglycerides, C12-C18 alkanoyl glycerin / sebacic acid copolymer, acetyl ethylhexyl polyhydroxystearate, diisostearyl dimer dilinoleate, or combinations thereof.

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