Power generation module and window

Abstract

To provide a power generation module and a window in which a lead wire is inconspicuous when viewed from either of front and back sides.SOLUTION: A power generation module according to the present disclosure includes a transparent first substrate, a transparent second substrate facing the first substrate, a first electrode layer provided on the first substrate, a semiconductor layer stacked on the first electrode layer, a second electrode layer stacked on the semiconductor layer, a lead wire provided on the first electrode layer, a first reflection suppressing layer provided between the first substrate and the lead wire, and a second reflection suppressing layer provided between the lead wire and the second substrate. The light reflectance of the first and second reflection suppressing layers is lower than the light reflectance of the lead wire. A window according to the present disclosure includes the power generation module and a fixture for fixing the power generation module to an installation object.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a power generation module used in building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and a window using the same. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a solar cell module including a solar tile with two electrodes of different polarities and two main wirings connected to each electrode. The main wirings are a laminate of a thin metal plate and a colored resin film. In the laminate, the colored resin film is oriented toward the light incident side of the solar cell module. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-335686 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The solar cell module disclosed in Patent Document 1 still has room for improvement in terms of providing a power generation module in which the lead wires are less noticeable when viewed from either the front or back.

[0005] The present disclosure aims to provide a power generation module in which lead wires are not noticeable when viewed from either the front or back, and a window equipped with such a power generation module. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A power generation module according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes: a transparent first substrate; a transparent second substrate facing the first substrate in a thickness direction of the first substrate; a first electrode layer provided on a substrate facing surface of the first substrate facing the second substrate; a semiconductor layer stacked on the opposite side of the first electrode layer from the first substrate; a second electrode layer stacked on the semiconductor layer on the opposite side to the first electrode layer; a lead wire provided in a portion of the first electrode layer that is different from the semiconductor layer in a plan view seen in the thickness direction; a first antireflection layer provided between the first substrate and the lead wire in the thickness direction and positioned so as to cover the lead wire in the thickness direction; a second antireflection layer provided between the lead wire and the second substrate in the thickness direction and positioned so as to cover the lead wire in the thickness direction; Equipped with The first antireflection layer and the second antireflection layer are configured so that their surfaces have optical reflectances lower than the optical reflectance of the surfaces of the lead wires.

[0007] A window according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: the power generation module; a fixture for fixing the power generation module to an object on which the power generation module is to be installed; Equipped with The second substrate is located more inward than the first substrate on the installation object. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a power generation module in which lead wires are not noticeable when viewed from either the front or back, and a window equipped with the power generation module. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a plan view of a window according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] 2 is a cross-sectional view of the window taken along line A1-A1 in FIG. 1. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a lead wire provided in the window of FIG. [Figure 4] 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a solar cell provided in the window of FIG. 2. FIG. [Figure 5] 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a Z1 region of the power generation module of FIG. 4. FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a first modified example of the power generation module of FIG. [Figure 7] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a second modified example of the power generation module of FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, terms indicating specific directions or positions (e.g., terms including "up," "down," "right," and "left") are used as necessary. However, the use of these terms is intended to facilitate understanding of the present disclosure with reference to the drawings, and the meanings of these terms do not limit the technical scope of the present disclosure or the manner of use of the power generation module according to the present disclosure. Furthermore, the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, its applications, or its uses. Furthermore, the drawings are schematic, and the proportions of the dimensions and the like do not necessarily correspond to reality.

[0011] In this specification, "electrically connected" means at least one of the following: current can be conducted between multiple components; multiple components are capacitively coupled; and multiple components are electromagnetically coupled.

[0012] <Embodiment> A window according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 5. The window includes one or more power generation modules according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] Fig. 1 is a plan view of a window according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the window of Fig. 1 taken along line A1-A1. In Fig. 1, components located in an internal space SP, which will be described later, are shown via a transparent second substrate 20 and a filler 80. In Fig. 2 and Figs. 4 to 7, the hatching of the filler 80 is omitted. For convenience of explanation, an XYZ Cartesian coordinate system is shown in the drawings, but this coordinate system is intended to facilitate understanding of the present disclosure and does not limit the present disclosure.

[0014] 1 and 2 is attached to a wall, ceiling, or the like of an installation object such as a building or a vehicle. The window 100 generates electricity in a power generation module 1, which will be described later, and is used for building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). In this embodiment, the window 100 generates electricity using sunlight that enters the window 100 from outside.

[0015] The window 100 comprises a first substrate 10, a second substrate 20, and two fasteners 90 for fastening the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 to a building or the like.

[0016] 2, the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are disposed opposite each other in the thickness direction (e.g., Z direction) of the first substrate 10, i.e., the thickness direction of the window 100. The first substrate 10 has an inner surface 10a facing the second substrate 20 in the Z direction and an outer surface 10b that is the opposite surface. The inner surface 10a is an example of the "substrate-facing surface" of the first substrate 10 in the present disclosure. The second substrate 20 has an inner surface 20a facing the first substrate 10 in the Z direction and an outer surface 20b that is the opposite surface.

[0017] In the following description, one of the directions intersecting the Z direction is referred to as the X direction, and the direction intersecting both the X direction and the Z direction is referred to as the Y direction. In the Z direction, the direction from the first substrate 10 to the second substrate 20 is referred to as the upward or inward direction, and the direction from the second substrate 20 to the first substrate 10 is referred to as the downward or outward direction.

[0018] The first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 have various shapes in a plan view along the Z direction, depending on the shape of the window 100. In this embodiment, the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are rectangular with the same or approximately the same dimensions in a plan view (see FIG. 1). Specifically, the first substrate 10 has two first edges 11 extending along the X direction and a second edge 12 extending in the Y direction between the first edges 11. The second substrate 20 has two first edges 21 extending along the X direction and a second edge 22 extending in the Y direction between the first edges 21.

[0019] In this embodiment, each fixture 90 is a frame body that connects the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 to each other and fixes the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 to a building or the like.

[0020] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, one or more solar cells are provided between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20. In the example shown in FIG. 1, four solar cells 50A to 50D are aligned in the X direction and the Y direction, respectively, and arranged in a 2×2 array. Specifically, the window 100 includes a first cell 50A, a second cell 50B aligned with the first cell 50A along the X direction, a third cell 50C aligned with the first cell 50A along the Y direction, and a fourth cell 50D. The fourth cell 50D is aligned with the third cell 50C along the X direction and with the second cell 50B along the Y direction. In this embodiment, the four solar cells 50A to 50D are rectangular in shape and of the same dimensions, with sides extending in the X direction or the Y direction, respectively, in a plan view.

[0021] The solar cells 50A to 50D are configured to generate electricity by receiving light that has passed through the first substrate 10 from outside the window 100. Furthermore, the solar cells 50A to 50D may also be configured to generate electricity by receiving light that has passed through the second substrate 20 from outside the window 100.

[0022] As shown in FIG. 1, the four solar cells 50A to 50D are electrically connected by lead wires 71 to 75, which will be described later.

[0023] A sealing member 60 that seals the gap is provided in the gap between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20. In a plan view, the sealing member 60 is provided along the first edge portion 11 and the second edge portion 12 of the first substrate 10 and the first edge portion 21 and the second edge portion 22 of the second substrate 20, and has a ring shape that surrounds the four solar cells 50A to 50D.

[0024] 2, the first substrate 10, the second substrate 20, and the seal member 60 define an internal space SP of the window 100. The internal space SP is a space that houses four solar cells 50A to 50D. In this embodiment, the internal space SP is filled with a filler 80.

[0025] The first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are made of a material with low moisture and gas permeability so as to prevent the components housed in the internal space SP from being deteriorated by moisture and gas. The material of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 is, for example, resin, glass, etc.

[0026] The first substrate 10 has translucency so that light used for power generation in the solar cells 50A to 50D can be incident on the internal space SP. The first substrate 10 may be transparent or translucent. In the present embodiment, the first substrate 10 is transparent. The first substrate 10 is disposed so that the outer surface 10b faces the outside of the building or the like when the window 100 is installed.

[0027] The second substrate 20 is transparent. In this embodiment, the second substrate 20 is disposed so that the outer surface 20b faces the interior of a building or the like when the window 100 is installed.

[0028] Each of the solar cells 50A to 50D has a layered structure in which a first electrode layer 51, a semiconductor layer 52, and a second electrode layer 53 are layered. The first electrode layer 51 is located on the first substrate 10 and is supported by the first substrate 10. In this embodiment, the first electrode layer 51 is directly layered on the inner surface 10a of the first substrate 10. The semiconductor layer 52 is located on the first electrode layer 51. The second electrode layer 53 is located on the semiconductor layer 52.

[0029] The semiconductor layer 52 has a function of converting light energy into electrical energy. The first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 53 are electrically connected to the semiconductor layer 52. The first electrode layer 51 is translucent so that light incident on the power generation module 1 along the Z direction can reach the semiconductor layer 52. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the second electrode layer 53 is not in contact with the second substrate 20 in the Z direction.

[0030] As shown in FIG. 1, the dimensions of the semiconductor layer 52 and the second electrode layer 53 in the Y direction are smaller than the dimension of the first electrode layer 51 in the Y direction.

[0031] The first electrode layer 51 has a first extension portion 511 and a second extension portion 512 that protrude from the semiconductor layer 52 in the X direction in a plan view. The first extension portion 511 is a region of the first electrode layer 51 that protrudes in the -X direction from the semiconductor layer 52. The second extension portion 512 is a region of the first electrode layer 51 that protrudes in the +X direction from the semiconductor layer 52. In this embodiment, each of the extension portions 511, 512 has a strip shape that extends along the Y direction in a plan view.

[0032] The first extension portion 511 constitutes the positive electrode of each of the solar cells 50A to 50D, and the second extension portion 512 constitutes the negative electrode of each of the solar cells 50A to 50D.

[0033] The first cell 50A and the second cell 50B are connected by a positive electrode lead wire 71 that straddles the respective first extension portions 511. The third cell 50C and the fourth cell 50D are connected by a negative electrode lead wire 72 that straddles the respective second extension portions 512.

[0034] The output lead wires 71, 72 extend along the X direction in the internal space SP, pass through the seal member 60, and are drawn out to the outside of the power generation module 1. For example, the lead wires 71, 72 may be connected to a controller (not shown) that controls power generation and distributes the generated power, or to a terminal provided in a terminal box outside the seal member 60. In this case, the lead wires 71, 72 function as wiring that extracts the power generated in the solar battery cells 50A to 50D to the outside of the power generation module 1. In this embodiment, the output lead wires 71, 72 extend to two terminal boxes 110 provided inside the fixture 90, and are connected to terminals in the terminal boxes 110.

[0035] The first cell 50A and the second cell 50B are connected by a first connection lead wire 73 that straddles the respective second extension portions 512. The third cell 50C and the fourth cell 50D are connected by a second connection lead wire 74 that straddles the respective first extension portions 511. The first connection lead wire 73 and the second connection lead wire 74 are joined by a third connection lead wire 75. As a result, the first cell 50A and the third cell 50C and the second cell 50B and the fourth cell 50D are electrically connected in parallel.

[0036] In this embodiment, the positive electrode lead wire 71 is connected to each first extension portion 511 over substantially the entire length in the X direction of the first extension portion 511. Similarly, the negative electrode lead wire 72 is connected to each second extension portion 512 over substantially the entire length in the X direction of the second extension portion 512.

[0037] The lead wires 71 to 74 are provided in the manufacturing process of the window 100, for example, after the four solar cell units 50A to 50D are formed on the first substrate 10. In this case, each of the lead wires 71 to 74 may be formed from a single lead wire. For example, the positive electrode extraction lead wire 71 may be arranged as a single long lead wire spanning the first extension portions 511 of the first cell 50A and the second cell 50B.

[0038] Alternatively, each of the leads 71 ​​to 74 may be formed by connecting a plurality of leads provided on the first extension portion 511 or the second extension portion 512. In this case, for example, before the solar cells 50A to 50D are completely formed, a lead constituting a part of each of the leads 71 ​​to 74 may be disposed in advance on the first extension portion 511 or the second extension portion 512. Thereafter, the lead wires provided on adjacent first extension portions 511 or second extension portions 512 may be connected to each other by soldering.

[0039] The connection between each of the lead wires 71 to 74 and the first extension portion 511 or the second extension portion 512 is performed by, for example, soldering, applying metal paste, etc. For example, the third connection lead wire 75 is connected to the first connection lead wire 73 and the second connection lead wire 74 by soldering.

[0040] 3 is a cross-sectional view of a lead wire provided in the window of FIG. 1. Each of the lead wires 71 to 75 is electrically conductive. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, each of the lead wires 71 to 75 has a copper wire 701 and a solder layer 702 that covers the copper wire 701. The solder layer 702 constitutes the outermost layer of each of the lead wires 71 to 75. In other words, the outer surface of the solder layer 702 constitutes the surface 70a of each of the lead wires 71 to 75.

[0041] The solder layer 702 prevents rust from forming on the copper wire 701. Furthermore, when the lead wires 71 to 75 are soldered to other members, the solder layer 702 functions as a pre-solder.

[0042] In this embodiment, the lead wires 71 to 75 have a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape. The lead wires 71 to 75 each have a lower surface 70b facing the first electrode layer 51 in the Z direction, an upper surface 70c opposite the lower surface 70b and facing the second substrate 20 in the Z direction, and a side surface 70d connecting the lower surface 70b and the upper surface 70c. The upper surface 70c is an example of the "facing surface" of the lead wires 71 to 75 in the present disclosure. The side surface 70d is, for example, a surface facing a direction intersecting (e.g., perpendicular to) both the Z direction and the extension direction of the lead wires 71 to 75.

[0043] Fig. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the solar cell provided in the window of Fig. 2. The internal structure of the third cell 50C will be described with reference to Fig. 4. The internal structures of the other three solar cell units 50A, 50B, and 50D are configured in the same manner as the internal structure of the third cell 50C.

[0044] 4, each of the solar cells 50A to 50D has two solar cell elements 54 arranged in the Y direction. The semiconductor layer 52 and the second electrode layer 53 are separated for each solar cell element 54. Note that in FIG. 1, the separated portions of the semiconductor layer 52 and the second electrode layer 53 are not shown.

[0045] In each of the solar cells 50A to 50D, the first electrode layer 51 has a plurality of separation portions 513, 514, 515 that are separated from one another in the Y direction.

[0046] Of the multiple separation portions 513, 514, 515, the first separation portion 513 is located at one end in the Y direction and has a first extension portion 511. The second separation portion 514 is located at the other end in the Y direction and has a second extension portion 512. One or more third separation portions 515 are provided between the first separation portion 513 and the second separation portion 514, and each third separation portion 515 is provided across two adjacent solar cell elements 54. In this embodiment, one third separation portion 515 is provided.

[0047] The first separation portion 513 and the third separation portion 515 constitute the positive electrode of each solar cell element 54. Each of the portions of the second electrode layer 53 separated in the Y direction constitutes the negative electrode of each solar cell element 54.

[0048] In each solar cell element 54, a conductive member 521 penetrating the semiconductor layer 52 is provided to electrically connect the first separator 513 or the third separator 515 of the positive electrode to the second electrode layer 53 of the negative electrode. In this embodiment, the conductive member 521 is formed integrally with the second electrode layer 53.

[0049] In each of the solar battery cells 50A to 50D, the two solar battery elements 54 are electrically connected in series between the first extension portion 511 and the second extension portion 512.

[0050] The first electrode layer 51 is formed on the inner surface 10a of the first substrate 10 by a known method such as vapor deposition, sputtering, spin coating, inkjet printing, etc. The semiconductor layer 52 may be stacked on the first electrode layer 51, and the second electrode layer 53 may be stacked on the semiconductor layer 52 by a known method such as the method exemplified as the method for forming the first electrode layer 51.

[0051] The first electrode layer 51 is formed, for example, over the entire surface of the inner surface 10a of the first substrate 10, and then unnecessary portions are removed by laser processing or the like, so that the first electrode layer 51 is laminated only in desired areas. Alternatively, the first electrode layer 51 may be laminated only in desired areas of the inner surface 10a from the beginning. The semiconductor layer 52 and the second electrode layer 53 may also be formed into desired shapes by any of the methods described above.

[0052] The first electrode layer 51 and the second electrode layer 53 are transparent electrodes containing, for example, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide, zinc oxide, aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), etc. In this embodiment, the first electrode layer 51 is a transparent electrode containing fluorine-doped tin oxide, and the second electrode layer 53 is a transparent electrode containing indium oxide.

[0053] The semiconductor layer 52 includes, for example, single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, a compound semiconductor, an organic semiconductor, or the like. In this embodiment, the semiconductor layer 52 has a layered structure in which a p-type semiconductor, an intrinsic semiconductor including perovskite crystals (perovskite materials), and an n-type semiconductor are stacked. Furthermore, the semiconductor layer 52 may further include layers for protecting these semiconductors and transporting charges or holes.

[0054] The sealing member 60 prevents moisture and gas from entering the internal space SP from the outside of the power generation module 1. In this embodiment, the sealing member 60 is provided along the edge of each of the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 in a plan view. For example, the sealing member 60 is made of a material such as rubber or resin. In this embodiment, the sealing member 60 is made of butyl rubber.

[0055] For example, the sealing member 60 may be placed on the first substrate 10 before the second substrate 20 is stacked on top of the first substrate 10, or may be placed in the gap between the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 after the second substrate 20 is stacked on top of the first substrate 10.

[0056] Fig. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of region Z1 of the power generation module of Fig. 4. As shown in Fig. 5, the first electrode layer 51 has an electrode facing surface 51a that faces the second substrate 20 in the Z direction. A first antireflection layer 131 is provided on the electrode facing surface 51a along the lead wire 72. The first antireflection layer 131 covers at least a portion of the lead wire 72 in a plan view seen in the +Z direction. In this embodiment, the first antireflection layer 131 covers the entire length of the lead wire 72 in this plan view.

[0057] The first antireflection layer 131 has a lower surface 131a in contact with the electrode opposing surface 51a and an upper surface 131b opposite the lower surface 131a. The lead wire 72 is provided on the upper surface 131b of the first antireflection layer 131. In this embodiment, the lower surface 70b of the lead wire 72 is in contact with the upper surface 131b of the first antireflection layer 131. Therefore, the first antireflection layer 131 is located between the first substrate 10 and the lead wire 72 in the Z direction.

[0058] A second antireflection layer 132 is provided on the upper surface 70c of the lead wire 72. The second antireflection layer 132 is located between the second substrate 20 and the lead wire 72 in the Z direction. The second antireflection layer 132 covers at least a portion of the lead wire 72 in a plan view seen in the -Z direction. In this embodiment, the second antireflection layer 132 covers the entire length of the lead wire 72 in the plan view. As a result, the lead wire 72 is covered from both sides in the Z direction by the first antireflection layer 131 and the second antireflection layer 132.

[0059] The first antireflection layer 131 and the second antireflection layer 132 are provided for each of the lead wires 71, 73, 74, and 75, in the same manner as they are provided for the lead wire 72. In other words, each of the lead wires 71 to 75 is covered by the corresponding first antireflection layer 131 and second antireflection layer 132 from both sides in the Z direction.

[0060] The optical reflectance of the surfaces of the first antireflection layer 131 and the second antireflection layer 132 is lower than the optical reflectance of the surfaces of the lead wires 71-75 (i.e., the surface of the solder layer 702). For example, the optical reflectance of the region of the surface of the first antireflection layer 131 that faces the first substrate 10 in the Z direction is lower than the optical reflectance of the lower surfaces 70b of each of the lead wires 71-75. The optical reflectance of the region of the surface of the second antireflection layer 132 that faces the second substrate 20 in the Z direction is lower than the optical reflectance of the upper surfaces 70c of each of the lead wires 71-75.

[0061] For example, the light reflectance is the specular gloss defined in JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) Z8741: 1997. The specular gloss is measured by the measurement method specified in the standard.

[0062] The first antireflection layer 131 is conductive, thereby electrically connecting the first electrode layer 51 and the lead wires 71 to 74. In this embodiment, the conductive first antireflection layer 131 is a resin containing carbon particles. The resin is formed, for example, by applying a carbon paste containing carbon particles onto the first electrode layer 51 and curing it. The carbon paste is applied, for example, by inkjet printing. The carbon particles may be graphite, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, graphene, or the like.

[0063] The second antireflection layer 132 may or may not be conductive. For example, a non-conductive second antireflection layer 132 may be a resin containing a matting agent. The resin is formed, for example, by applying paint containing the matting agent onto the first electrode layer 51 and curing it. The paint is applied, for example, by spray coating, inkjet printing, or the like. The matting agent may be a metal oxide, resin fine particles, or the like.

[0064] For example, the second antireflection layer 132 may be a metal oxide film formed by oxidizing the surfaces of the lead wires 71 to 75. The metal oxide film may contain tin oxide or the like. When the solder layer 702 forms the surfaces of the lead wires 71 to 75, the metal oxide film is formed, for example, by performing oxygen plasma treatment on the surfaces of the solder layer 702 (i.e., the surfaces 70a of the lead wires 71 to 75). Alternatively, the metal oxide film may be formed by sputtering the surfaces 70a of the lead wires 71 to 75. When the surfaces of the lead wires 71 to 75 are made of aluminum, the metal oxide film may be anodized aluminum.

[0065] In this embodiment, both the first antireflection layer 131 and the second antireflection layer 132 are made of a resin containing carbon particles.

[0066] The first antireflection layer 131 may be provided on the first electrode layer 51 before the lead wires 71 to 75 are provided on the first electrode layer 51, or may be provided on the surfaces of the lead wires 71 to 75 before they are arranged on the first electrode layer 51. The second antireflection layer 132 may be provided on the surfaces of the lead wires 71 to 75 before the lead wires 71 to 75 are provided on the first electrode layer 51, or may be provided on the surfaces of the lead wires 71 to 75 arranged on the first electrode layer 51.

[0067] The surface roughness of at least one of the first antireflection layer 131 and the second antireflection layer 132 may be rougher than the surface roughness of the surface 70a of the lead wires 71 to 75. Here, the surface roughness is, for example, the arithmetic mean roughness Ra defined in JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) B0601:2013. When the surface of each antireflection layer 131, 132 is rougher than the surface 70a, scattering of light incident on the surface of each antireflection layer 131, 132 is enhanced, further reducing glare on the surface of each antireflection layer 131, 132. For example, the surface of each antireflection layer 131, 132 is made rougher than the surface 70a of the lead wires 71 to 75 by etching using a chemical solution or etching by ion sputtering.

[0068] The first antireflection layer 131 and the second antireflection layer 132 are preferably darker in color so that they are less noticeable against the dark semiconductor layer 52 .

[0069] 2, the filler 80 is filled in the internal space SP so as to fill up the entire space excluding the four solar cells 50A-50D, the lead wires 71-75, and the two antireflection layers 131, 132, and seals the four solar cells 50A-50D, the lead wires 71-75, and the antireflection layers 131, 132 at their portions facing the internal space SP. For example, the filler 80 is made of a resin such as polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). In this embodiment, the filler 80 is made of polyolefin (PO) and is transparent.

[0070] In one example of a manufacturing process for the power generation module 1, the filler 80 is formed into a sheet shape in advance and placed between the second electrode layer 53 and the second substrate 20 in the Z direction. The power generation module 1 is then heated, and the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20 are pressed together in the Z direction. At this time, the two sheet-shaped fillers 80 melt due to the heat and fill the internal space SP while deforming.

[0071] In the power generation module 1 or window 100 according to the above embodiment, the lead wires 71 to 75 are covered by the first antireflection layer 131 in a plan view in the +Z direction and are covered by the second antireflection layer 132 in a plan view in the -Z direction. The optical reflectivity of the surfaces of the antireflection layers 131 and 132 is lower than the optical reflectivity of the surfaces of the lead wires 71 to 75. Therefore, compared to a power generation module and window not including the first antireflection layer 131 and the second antireflection layer 132, reflection of light from indoor lighting and the like on the surfaces of the lead wires 71 to 75 can be suppressed. This reduces glare caused by reflected light from indoors and outdoors in the power generation module 1 and window 100. This makes it possible to provide a power generation module 1 and window 100 in which the lead wires 71 to 75 are less noticeable when viewed from either the front or back.

[0072] In the power generating module 1 or window 100 according to the above embodiment, the first antireflection layer 131 is located between the first electrode layer 51 and the lower surfaces 70b of the lead wires 71 to 75. Therefore, the distance between the first antireflection layer 131 and the lead wires 71 to 75 is shorter compared to a configuration in which the first antireflection layer 131 is located closer to the first substrate 10 in the Z direction. This makes the lead wires 71 to 75 less visible even when the lead wires 71 to 75 are viewed from a position offset from them in a plan view (i.e., when the lead wires 71 to 75 are viewed obliquely). Therefore, it is possible to provide a power generating module 1 and a window 100 in which the lead wires 71 to 75 are even less noticeable.

[0073] In the power generating module 1 or window 100 according to the above embodiment, the second antireflection layer 132 is provided on the upper surfaces 70c of the lead wires 71 to 75. Therefore, the distance between the second antireflection layer 132 and the lead wires 71 to 75 is shorter compared to a configuration in which the second antireflection layer 132 is positioned closer to the second substrate 20 in the Z direction. This makes the lead wires 71 to 75 less visible even when the lead wires 71 to 75 are viewed from a position offset from the lead wires 71 to 75 in a plan view (i.e., when the lead wires 71 to 75 are viewed obliquely). Therefore, it is possible to provide a power generating module 1 and a window 100 in which the lead wires 71 to 75 are even less noticeable.

[0074] <First Modification> 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a first modified example of the power generation module of FIG. 5. In the first modified example of the power generation module 1 and window 100, a groove 516 is formed in the first electrode layer 51 along the lead wire 72. The groove 516 penetrates the first electrode layer 51 in the Z direction. Therefore, a bottom 517 of the groove 516 is formed by the inner surface 10a of the first substrate 10.

[0075] A first antireflection layer 131 is provided on the bottom 517. In this modification, a lower surface 131a of the first antireflection layer 131 is in contact with the inner surface 10a of the first substrate 10. A lead wire 72 is provided on an upper surface 131b of the first antireflection layer 131. The lead wire 72 is at least partially located within the groove 516. That is, the lead wire 72 is partially embedded in the first electrode layer 51.

[0076] In this modification, the side surface 70d of the lead wire 72 is in contact with the first electrode layer 51 at a position lower than the electrode opposing surface 51a. This contact electrically connects the lead wire 72 to the first electrode layer 51. Therefore, unlike the above embodiment, the first antireflection layer 131 does not need to be conductive. Furthermore, because the lead wire 72 is connected to the first electrode layer 51 without any other member therebetween, the electrical resistance between the first electrode layer 51 and the lead wire 72 is reduced, and the power extraction efficiency of the power generation module 1 is improved.

[0077] In the manufacturing process of the power generation module 1 and window 100 according to this modified example, the first anti-reflection layer 131, lead wires 71 to 75, and second anti-reflection layer 132 may be formed on the first electrode layer 51, and then the first electrode layer 51 may be placed on the first substrate 10.

[0078] <Second Modification> Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a second modified example of the power generation module of Fig. 5. The configuration of the second modified example of the power generation module 1 and window 100 differs from the configuration of the first modified example in that a third antireflection layer 133 is provided on the side surface 70d of the lead wire 72.

[0079] 7, a third antireflection layer 133 is provided on the side surface 70d. The third antireflection layer 133 covers the side surface 70d at a position higher than the electrode facing surface 51a. In this modification, the third antireflection layer 133 covers the entire surface of the side surface 70d.

[0080] When the lead wire 72 is completely covered by the antireflection layers 131 to 133 in the cross section of the lead wire 72, at least one of the first antireflection layer 131 and the third antireflection layer 133 has conductivity to electrically connect the first electrode layer 51 and the lead wire 72.

[0081] In this modification, the third reflection suppression layer 133 is formed integrally with the first reflection suppression layer 131 and the second reflection suppression layer 132. The third reflection suppression layer 133 may be made of the same material as or a different material from the first reflection suppression layer 131 or the second reflection suppression layer 132. In this modification, the first reflection suppression layer 131, the second reflection suppression layer 132, and the third reflection suppression layer 133 are made of a resin containing carbon particles.

[0082] In this modification, the thickness of the third antireflection layer 133 from the surface 70a is smaller than at least one of the thickness of the first antireflection layer 131 from the surface 70a and the thickness of the second antireflection layer 132 from the surface 70a.

[0083] In the manufacturing process of the power generation module 1 and the window 100 according to this modification, the first electrode layer 51 may be disposed on the first substrate 10 after the first antireflection layer 131, the lead wires 71 to 75, the second antireflection layer 132, and the third antireflection layer 133 are formed on the first electrode layer 51. In this case, first, a groove 516 is formed in the first electrode layer 51. At this time, the width of the groove 516 is made larger than the width of the lead wires 71 to 75. Next, the first antireflection layer 131 is formed at the bottom of the groove 516. Next, the lead wires 71 to 75 are disposed on the first antireflection layer 131. Next, materials constituting the second antireflection layer 132 and the third antireflection layer 133 are applied from above the lead wires 71 to 75. As a result, the second antireflection layer 132 and the third antireflection layer 133 are simultaneously formed.

[0084] In the power generating module 1 and window 100 according to the second modification, the third antireflection layer 133 covers at least a portion of the side surface 70d of the lead wires 71 to 75. This makes the lead wires 71 to 75 less visible even when the lead wires 71 to 75 are viewed from a position shifted from the lead wires 71 to 75 in a plan view (i.e., when the lead wires 71 to 75 are viewed obliquely). Therefore, it is possible to provide a power generating module 1 and window 100 in which the lead wires 71 to 75 are even less noticeable.

[0085] The present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiment and can be embodied in various other forms. For example, although the four solar cells 50A to 50D have the same rectangular shape in a plan view in the above description, the present disclosure is not limited to this. The four solar cells 50A to 50D may have the same shape in a plan view or may be different from one another. The shape of each of the solar cells 50A to 50D in a plan view may be a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, or the like.

[0086] The number of solar cells 50A to 50D provided in the window 100 may be one to three, or five or more.

[0087] The internal space SP may be hollow and not filled with the filler material 80. In this case, the internal space SP may be filled with a gas such as air, nitrogen, or argon.

[0088] It is not necessary to provide the lead wires 73 and 74. In this case, the first electrode layers 51 of the solar battery cells 50A to 50D adjacent to each other in the X direction may be connected to each other by a lead wire or the like extending in the X direction.

[0089] The power generation module 1 and the window 100 are described as including two substrates, the first substrate 10 and the second substrate 20, but may further include an additional substrate. For example, the additional substrate may be light-transmitting and positioned in a position that sandwiches the first substrate 10 between it and the second substrate 20 in the Z direction. Also, for example, the additional substrate may be transparent and positioned between the second electrode layer 53 and the second substrate 20 in the Z direction.

[0090] Each lead wire 71 to 74 connects the first electrode layers 51 of two or more solar cell cells 50A to 50D, but it may also connect the first electrode layers 51 of three or more solar cell cells 50A to 50D, or it may not be necessary to connect the first electrode layers 51 of multiple solar cell cells 50A to 50D.

[0091] The lead wires 71, 72 are joined over almost the entire length in the X direction of the first extension portion 511 or the second extension portion 512 to be connected, but may be provided only on a portion in the X direction of the first extension portion 511 or the second extension portion 512.

[0092] In the above embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the lead wires 71 to 75 is substantially rectangular, but it may be circular, elliptical, polygonal, etc. In this case as well, the side surface 70d is a surface facing in an intersecting direction that intersects both the Z direction and the extending direction of the lead wires 71 to 75.

[0093] The fixing device 90 is not limited to a frame, and may be any device for fixing the power generation module 1 to an installation object. The number of fixing devices 90 may be one, or three or more.

[0094] In the above embodiment, the first reflection suppression layer 131 is located between the first electrode layer 51 and the lead wires 71 to 75, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. The first reflection suppression layer 131 may be located between the first substrate 10 and the lead wires 71 to 75. For example, the first reflection suppression layer 131 may be located between the first substrate 10 and the first electrode layer 51. In this case, the lead wires 71 to 75 may be provided directly on the first electrode layer 51. In this case, the lead wires 71 to 74 are electrically connected to the first electrode layer 51 without the first reflection suppression layer 131 interposed therebetween, and therefore the first reflection suppression layer 131 may be made of a non-conductive material.

[0095] In the above embodiment, the second reflection suppressing layer 132 is provided on the upper surface 70c of the lead wire 72, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. The second reflection suppressing layer 132 may be located between the second substrate 20 and the lead wires 71 to 75. For example, the second reflection suppressing layer 132 may be provided on the inner surface 20a of the second substrate 20.

[0096] In the second modified example, the third antireflection layer 133 covers the entire side surface 70d of the lead wires 71 to 75, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. For example, the third antireflection layer 133 may cover the side surface 70d only at a position above the electrode-opposing surface 51a. In this case, the lead wires 71 to 75 may be in contact with the first electrode layer 51 at a position below the electrode-opposing surface 51a.

[0097] Direct connection between the lead wires 71 to 74 and the first electrode layer 51 reduces loss of current flowing through the lead wires 71 to 74 compared to a configuration in which the third antireflection layer 133 is interposed between the lead wires 71 to 74 and the first electrode layer 51. This improves the power generation efficiency of the power generation module 1.

[0098] Any of the various embodiments or modifications described above can be combined appropriately to achieve the effects of each. In addition, combinations of embodiments, combinations of examples, or combinations of embodiments and examples are possible, and combinations of features from different embodiments or examples are also possible.

[0099] Although the present disclosure has been fully described in connection with the preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, various changes and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and such changes and modifications are to be understood as being included within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims unless they depart therefrom.

[0100] <Outline of the embodiment> (1) The power generation module of the present disclosure is a transparent first substrate; a transparent second substrate facing the first substrate in a thickness direction of the first substrate; a first electrode layer provided on a substrate facing surface of the first substrate facing the second substrate; a semiconductor layer stacked on the opposite side of the first electrode layer from the first substrate; a second electrode layer stacked on the semiconductor layer on the opposite side to the first electrode layer; a lead wire provided in a portion of the first electrode layer that is different from the semiconductor layer in a plan view seen in the thickness direction; a first antireflection layer provided between the first substrate and the lead wire in the thickness direction and positioned so as to cover the lead wire in the thickness direction; a second antireflection layer provided between the lead wire and the second substrate in the thickness direction and positioned so as to cover the lead wire in the thickness direction; Equipped with The optical reflectance of the surfaces of the first antireflection layer and the second antireflection layer is lower than the optical reflectance of the surfaces of the lead wires.

[0101] (2) In the power generating module of (1), the first antireflection layer is located between the first electrode layer and the lead wire.

[0102] (3) In the power generation module of (1) or (2), the lead wire has an opposing surface that faces the second substrate in the thickness direction, The second antireflection layer is provided on the opposing surface.

[0103] (4) In any one of the power generation modules (1) to (3), the lead wire has a side surface facing a direction intersecting the thickness direction and the extending direction of the lead wire, The side surface is provided with a third antireflection layer having a light reflectance lower than that of the surface of the lead wire.

[0104] (5) In the power generation module of (4), the first electrode layer has an electrode facing surface facing the second substrate in the thickness direction, a portion of the lead wire in the thickness direction is located within a groove provided in the first electrode layer; the third antireflection layer is located farther from the first substrate than the electrode-opposing surface, The lead wire is in contact with the first electrode layer at a position between the electrode opposing surface and the first substrate in the thickness direction.

[0105] (6) The window of the present disclosure is Any one of the power generation modules (1) to (5) and a fixture for fixing the power generation module to an object on which the power generation module is to be installed; Equipped with The second substrate is located more inward than the first substrate on the installation object. [Industrial Applicability]

[0106] INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present disclosure makes it possible to make lead wires less noticeable when viewed from either the front or back, and is useful for power generation modules and windows used in building-integrated photovoltaic power generation. [Explanation of symbols]

[0107] 1 Power generation module 10 First board 10a Inner surface 10b External surface 11 First edge 12 Second edge 20 Second board 20a inner surface 20b External surface 21 First edge 22 Second edge 50A~50D solar cell 51 1st electrode layer 51a Electrode facing surface 52 Semiconductor layer 53 Second electrode layer 54 Solar cell element 60 Sealing material 70a surface 70b Bottom side 70c top 70d side 71 Positive electrode lead wire 72 Negative electrode lead wire 73 First connecting lead wire 74 Second connecting lead wire 75 Third connecting lead wire 80 Filling material 90 Fixtures 100 windows 110 Terminal box 131 1st anti-reflection layer 131a Bottom surface 131b Top surface 132 Second anti-reflection layer 133 Third anti-reflection layer 511 First Extension 512 Second Extension 513 1st separation section 514 2nd separation section 515 Third separation section 516 Groove 517 Bottom 521 Conductive materials 701 copper wire 702 solder layer

Claims

1. a transparent first substrate; a transparent second substrate facing the first substrate in a thickness direction of the first substrate; a first electrode layer provided on a substrate facing surface of the first substrate facing the second substrate; a semiconductor layer stacked on the opposite side of the first electrode layer from the first substrate; a second electrode layer stacked on the semiconductor layer on the opposite side to the first electrode layer; a lead wire provided in a portion of the first electrode layer that is different from the semiconductor layer in a plan view seen in the thickness direction; a first antireflection layer provided between the first substrate and the lead wire in the thickness direction and positioned so as to cover the lead wire in the thickness direction; a second antireflection layer provided between the lead wire and the second substrate in the thickness direction and positioned so as to cover the lead wire in the thickness direction; Equipped with the optical reflectance of the surfaces of the first antireflection layer and the second antireflection layer is lower than the optical reflectance of the surface of the lead wire; Power generation module.

2. The power generating module according to claim 1 , wherein the first antireflection layer is located between the first electrode layer and the lead wire.

3. the lead wire has an opposing surface that faces the second substrate in the thickness direction, The second antireflection layer is provided on the opposing surface. The power generation module according to claim 1 .

4. the lead wire has a side surface facing a direction intersecting the thickness direction and the extending direction of the lead wire, a third anti-reflection layer having a light reflectance lower than that of the surface of the lead wire is provided on the side surface; The power generation module according to claim 1 .

5. the first electrode layer has an electrode facing surface facing the second substrate in the thickness direction, a portion of the lead wire in the thickness direction is located within a groove provided in the first electrode layer; the third antireflection layer is located farther from the first substrate than the electrode-opposing surface, the lead wire is in contact with the first electrode layer at a position between the electrode opposing surface and the first substrate in the thickness direction. The power generation module according to claim 4 .

6. The power generation module according to any one of claims 1 to 5; a fixture for fixing the power generation module to an object on which the power generation module is to be installed; Equipped with The second substrate is located more inward than the first substrate on the installation object. window.

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